question stringlengths 1 1.57k | exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | cop int64 1 4 | opa stringlengths 1 287 | opb stringlengths 1 287 | opc stringlengths 1 286 | opd stringlengths 1 301 | subject_name stringclasses 21
values | topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀ | id stringlengths 36 36 | choice_type stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Which of the following is a manifestation of 22q11 mutation syndrome? | Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders that result from a small deletion of band q11.2 on the long arm of chromosome 22. It is also called as Velocardiofacial syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome It is characterized by Dysmorphogenesis of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches resulting in follow... | 2 | Hypercalcemia | Conotruncal abnormalities | Thymic hyperplasia | Dysmorphogenesis of the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal pouches | Pathology | JIPMER 2017 | 858b735d-393c-43e5-afff-21708d5ab677 | single |
All of the following are true about medulloblastoma except? | Medulloblastoma occurs exclusively in the cerebellum. | 3 | It is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in childhood | Isochrome 17q indicates poor prognosis | Most common site is brainstem (medulla) | Tumor is highly radio sensitive | Pathology | null | aaab69a3-1021-4981-947f-7ab4ddeb233e | multi |
A 40-year-old man complains of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cramping abdominal pain. His temperature is 38degC , blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg, and pulse rate 90/minute. On physical examination, the patient appears dehydrated, with sunken eyeballs, dry tongue, and poor skin turgor. Hyperpigmentation is noted in the pal... | - Given clinical features suggests the diagnosis of Primary chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease). - MCC of addison disease in developed countries - Autoimmunity - MCC of addison disease in developing countries like India - Tuberculosis - It is fatal wasting disorder caused by failure of adrenal glands to pro... | 2 | Amyloidosis | Autoimmunity | Metastatic cancer | Sarcoidosis | Pathology | Adrenal Gland | 071f1b94-3e92-4da4-bd9c-a12bf8a4138f | multi |
Internucleosomal cleavage of DNA is characteristic of: | . Apoptosis | 4 | Reversible cell injury | Irreversible cell injury | Necrosis | Apoptosis | Pathology | null | 4633f9a7-b324-4db0-a18d-22abca324997 | single |
An 8-year-old child has had abdominal pain and dark urine for 10 days. Physical examination shows blotchy purple skin lesions on the trunk and extremities. Urinalysis shows hematuria and proteinuria. Serologic test results are negative for MPO-ANCA (P-ANCA) and PR3-ANCA (C-ANCA). A skin biopsy specimen shows necrotizin... | In children, Henoch-Schonlein purpura is the multisystemic counterpart of the IgA nephropathy seen in adults. The immune complexes formed with IgA produce the vasculitis that affects mainly arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. In older adults, giant cell arteritis is see... | 2 | Giant cell arteritis | Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Polyarteritis nodosa | Takayasu arteritis | Pathology | Blood Vessels | a26c3a77-a853-41dc-a22e-3c5042caa70f | multi |
A 55-year-old woman presents to the clinic for evaluation of several weeks of fever, abdominal pain, weight loss, and lack of energy. Three days prior to the assessment, she developed a left foot drop. Her blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg, pulse 80/min, and the physical examination confirms left peroneal nerve damage and... | This patient has polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and in classic PAN, unlike microscopic polyangiitis, both small and medium vessels are involved. The renal lesions are ischemic secondary to fibrinoid necrosis of the vessels. In microscopic polyangiitis, a diffuse glomerulonephritis is frequently present. The most common org... | 4 | nephrotic syndrome | diffuse glomerulonephritis | granuloma formation | necrotizing vasculitis of vessels | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology | 6865f332-6232-457b-9d77-f9ecacb27436 | multi |
Most common type of renal stone is: March 2013 (d) | Ans. A i.e. Calcium Phosphate | 1 | Calcium phosphate | Magnesium ammonium phosphate | Cystine | Uric acid | Surgery | null | 35ca550a-45f2-4a61-9dce-50be0a4fddaa | single |
A 14 year old female patient complains of decayed teeth. Intra-oral examination reveals restoration of occlusal caries with composite restoration. Which of the following lasers is used for curing of this restorative material? | null | 1 | Argon | CO2 | Nd:YAG | Excimers | Dental | null | 1377975f-82b5-4d88-b412-2bf071ab6557 | single |
Drug of choice in amoebic liver abscess is | (A) Metronidazole # Metronidazole acts directly on the trophozoites of E. histolytica. Because of high concentration in liver extensively small amounts of drug (800 mg, TDS X 5-10 days) effective in Amoebic Liver Abscess. | 1 | Metronidazole | Ciprofloxacin | Emetine | Chloroquine | Medicine | Miscellaneous | 7362fd06-c3df-46d4-a540-a965d94044f9 | single |
WHO immunization evaluation coverage survey is normally done in what age group? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 12-23 months WHO used 30 x 7 technique (total = 210 children) for cluster sampling in which there are 30 clusters, each containing 7 childrenwho are 12 - 23 months old and are completely immunized for primary immunization (till measles vaccine at 9 month). | 3 | 0-12 months | 6-12 months | 12-23 months | 9-12 months | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 7c89c715-6550-4e2f-b9b2-850b4cd18593 | multi |
Pseudokidney sign' on USG is seen in | Ans. CA stomach | 2 | Trichobezoar | CA stomach | CA kidney | Polycystic kidney | Radiology | null | df3970b5-3069-468f-8f62-1998c296b1fd | single |
Robe Koch assistant advised him to use agar instead of gelatin for solidifying culture media for cultivation of bacteria because | Gelatin was the substance originally used to gel culture media. However, gelatin is liquid at 35oC., the optimum temperature for many bacteria. In addition, some bacteria are capable of liquifying the gelatin, making it an unsuitable solidifying agent. Agar has neither of these drawbacks. Agar is preferred over gelatin... | 2 | Agar has more nutrients | Gelatin melts at 37oC | Gelatin is not easily available | Agar is cheaper | Microbiology | General Microbiology Pa 1 (History, Microscopy, Stains and Structure and Physiology of Bacteria) | 96ab155c-44b2-4954-9f83-46351c695ae5 | single |
Super imposition technique is used in : | A i.e. Skull | 1 | Skull | Pelvis | Femur | Ribs | Forensic Medicine | null | fdf227d8-28d6-4227-9b28-64603b7ede70 | single |
True about citrate in ORS | In WHO ORS, sodium bicarbonate has been replaced by trisodium citrate: –
Makes the product more stable –
Results in less stool output (especially in high-output diarrhoea like cholera) as it increases intestinalabsorption of sodium and water | 3 | Cheaper | Nutritious | Increases shelf | Tastier | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 745ba1fd-2544-40a6-b63d-a566e7ae55a8 | multi |
All the drugs given below can be used to protect gastric ulcer except | null | 2 | Colloidal bismuth salt | Magnesium hydroxide | Misoprostal | Sucralfate | Pharmacology | null | 96f7f42d-8ace-46f8-a2dd-025c23806164 | multi |
Isolation period should be - | Isolation is defined as the period of communicability of infected person or animals from others in such places and such strict conditions as to prevent or limit the indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those infected to those who are susceptible or who may spread the agent to others (refer pgno:120 park 2... | 3 | Minimum incubation period | Maximum incubation period | Period interval | Generation time | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | a381488f-e5af-4b6b-806d-e79746c26755 | single |
Dangerous area of eye: | A i.e. Ciliary body | 1 | Ciliary body | Optic nerve | Sclera | Choroid | Ophthalmology | null | b1c66b28-2e67-4493-8e69-4e688d2dbc28 | single |
Hummingbird sign in brain MRI is seen in ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Progressive supranuclear palsyHummingbird sign on brain MRI is a radiological sign of progressive supranuclear palsy. | 2 | Multiple sclerosis | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Parkinson's disease | Alzheimer disease | Radiology | null | a58706d7-15ec-4967-9531-fcce6589b277 | single |
The commonest site of lytic lesion in multiple myeloma is - | null | 1 | Vertebral column | Femur | Clavicle | Pelvis | Pathology | null | 48465792-936f-4fe6-bac6-bb438f625113 | single |
Earliest radiological change in RHEUMATOID AHRITIS is ? | REF : MAHESWARI 9TH ED | 3 | Decreased joint space | Aicular erosion | Periaicular osteopenia | Subchondral cyst | Orthopaedics | Joint disorders | 27532934-1b14-4e2b-8c9c-f3077c86934e | single |
Hypopigmented patches are seen in | Nevus anemicus presents as a single or multiple patches of hypopigmentation with ill-defined margins merging into normal skin present at bih or thereafter. Nevus anemicus presents as congenital hypopigmented patches with a well-defined border. They are asymptomatic and typically seen on the upper trunk, although they h... | 3 | Nevus ota | Nevus Ito | Nevus anemicus | Becker nevus | Dental | Autoimmune skin disorders | 8350460d-b64e-4d21-985f-a41e259d17a7 | single |
A premature infant is more likely than a full-term infant to – | The liver of premature (preterm) neonate is functionally immature that leads to hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) and poor detoxification of drugs.
Problems of preterm Premature babies
Birth asphyxia
Hypothermia ... | 1 | Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin | Maintain in normal body temperature in a cold environment | Excrete urine with a uniform specific gravity | Suffer from anaemia | Pediatrics | null | 70adf425-091e-4a76-86b5-6b040fdf5e72 | single |
Least post translational modification occurs in | D i.e. Prokaryotic mRNA | 4 | t-RNA | Prokaryotic r- RNA | Eukaryotic r - RNA | Prokaryotic mRNA | Biochemistry | null | db89b77b-f178-4898-835b-f75c49a81ad1 | single |
In myasthenia gravis, antibodies are present against:September 2012 | Ans. B i.e. Nicotinic receptor proteinsMyasthenia gravisIt is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability.It is an autoimmune disorder, in which weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, inh... | 2 | Muscarinic receptor proteins | Nicotinic receptor proteins | Protein actin | Protein myosin | Pathology | null | 63f7212b-1ea6-463e-8107-7d33db8989f9 | single |
Mineral oils are used in mosquito control measure as - | Mineral oils are used as chemical control against mosquito larvae. The mineral oil application to water is the oldest method to control mosquito. oils used are diesel oil, fuel oil, kerosene oil, and crude oils. Special mosquito larvicidal oils are also available. Oil kills larvae and pupae within a sho time after appl... | 2 | A personal protection method | Larvicide | Adulticide | Space spray | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 3191c068-3f1d-4f0e-a044-a395faa2501d | single |
A patient with congenital nephrotic syndrome requires which of the following procedures? | Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a very rare form of nephrotic syndrome. It occurs predominantly in families of Finnish origin and manifests sholy after bih. It is an inherited disorder. The condition is caused by a defect in the protein nephrin. Requires renal biopsy for diagnosis. | 2 | Live attenuated vaccines | Renal biopsy | Steroids in high doses | Low protein diet | Pediatrics | null | b8cd6e73-ffe3-4e2e-9278-ae04370bb5b7 | single |
A woman presents with a thick curdy -- white vaginal discharge. The best treatment for her is : | Miconazole | 1 | Miconazole | Metronidazole | Nystatin | Doxycyclin | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 64cdc85e-b189-4321-a2b5-0a4345774be0 | single |
Iodised salt is given in an area endemic to Goiter. Type of prevention: | Ans. (b) Specific protectionRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 41, 370-73* Iodised salt is given in an area which has risk of developing goiter. This is a primary level of prevention done by specific protection.* Primordial prevention is done before the emergence of risk factor. | 2 | Health promotion | Specific protection | Primordial prevention | Treatment | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of Health and Disease | 13b01f2b-571f-4d7c-b120-c35f64f1d647 | single |
Consider the following statements; giant cells are a
characteristic histopathologic finding in | null | 3 | Apthous ulcers | Keratocyst | Brown tumor of hyper parathyroidism | Dentigerous cyst | Pathology | null | b4a39fc4-b39d-455a-8ff3-960a2426667e | multi |
Modified Ziehl-neelsen staining is used for: | Ans. is. 'd' i. e., All of the above | 4 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Mycobacterium bovis | Nocardia | All of the above | Microbiology | null | 8d31e36f-58fe-443a-b1c7-db49c70911ac | multi |
Type of Collagen in Hyaline Cartilage is | Types of Collagen in different tissues
Type I - Bone, skin
Type II - Hyaline and elastic Cartilage
Type III - Skin, ligament, blood vessels
Type IV - Basement membrane in various tissue
Type V - Blood vessel wall, Synovium, corneal stroma | 2 | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | Anatomy | null | 5184ba3a-2c28-4c94-a11d-9548ae8b822d | single |
Flaying is seen in which type of laceration - | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s.narayan reddy ;28th edition ; Pg.no. 110 & 111 . Flaying comes under avulsion .The shearing & grinding force by a weight ,such as lorry wheel passing over a limb ,may produce seperation of skin from underlying tissue (avulsion ) over a relatively large area .This ... | 2 | Tear | Avulsion | Split | Stretch | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical injuries | add97165-2e8e-40c7-81e0-471cadf7e98b | single |
Site of action of vecuronium is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Myoneural junction Vecuronium is a nondepolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular blocker. The site of action is the end plate of skeletal muscles (End plate is thickened poion of muscle membrane at neuromuscular junction). | 4 | Cerebrum | Reticular formation | Motor neurone | Myoneural junction | Pharmacology | null | a9d2839a-731a-4614-aaf6-c93affc1cb04 | single |
FALSE about Leprosy eradication programme is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Long term multidrug therapy o In leprosy eradication programme the multidrug therapy is not long term but sho term therapy. o Shoer therapy has added advantage of patient compliance, cost-effectiveness and decreased work load. | 3 | Early detection of cases | Disability limitation | Long term multi drug therapy | Health education | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | e1c8b93e-01e8-4b5e-aec5-e8d357eec645 | multi |
The intermediate syndrome in organophosphorus poisoning refers to the occurence of which of the following? | Intermediate Syndrome: This has been repoed in some patients and is characterized by weakness of the upper extremities and neck musculature, cranial nerve palsies and secondary respiratory arrest. It may occur between 24 and 96 hours after ingestion.Delayed Neuropathy: May sometimes occur 1-4 weeks after exposure. The ... | 2 | Cholinergic syndrome with hypersecretion | Organophosphate induced polyneuropathy | Organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy | Motor cranial nerve palsies | Forensic Medicine | Special topics | 342d31de-583c-4769-80a5-9f323e690d0c | single |
The main pathway for "De - Novo" synthesis of fatty acids occurs in | null | 3 | Mitochondria | Nucleus | Cytosol | None of the above | Biochemistry | null | 988f4632-4816-4ae5-8048-ae2f3b4e40f9 | multi |
Primary lesion in lichen planus is: | null | 2 | Macule | Papule | Vesicle | Bulk | Pathology | null | 49a2ffaf-a152-4a0d-8df3-e31c3403555b | single |
Which of the following inhalational agents has the maximum blood gas solubility coefficient? | Blood-gas paition coefficient, also known as Ostwald coefficient for blood-gas, is a term used in pharmacology to describe the solubility of inhaled general anesthetics in blood. The coefficient is defined as the ratio of the concentration in blood to the concentration in gas that is in contact with that blood when the... | 1 | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | Nitrous oxide | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f66a9478-28b0-4564-8694-90ea49833677 | single |
Blood form of folic acid is - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methyl THE Folic acid is absorbed in the jejunum. Following absorption, folic acid is transpoed in blood by two (3-globulins. The major circulating form is methyltetrahydrofolate and the normal concentration range is 5-15 ng/ml. Once it arrives in the liver, the methyl derivates are taken up by hepato... | 3 | Folinic acid | Pteroglutamate | Methyl THE | None | Biochemistry | null | 294dbdff-0d70-427d-a19b-2d40307c5611 | multi |
Changes in the gingiva during pregnancy are attributed to | null | 1 | Changes in the hormonal level | Altered microorganisms | Altered immunological responses level | All the above | Dental | null | e5715690-ed6e-4f36-9e39-f7a06e116133 | multi |
A female comes with normal breast development but scanty pubic hair. What is the most likely diagnosis ? | Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), formerly known as testicular feminization, is an X-linked recessive condition resulting in a failure of normal masculinization of the external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals. Adolescent patients have no pubic and axillary hair, with otherwise scanty body hair, and lac... | 2 | Turner's syndrome | Testicular feminizing syndrome | Mullerian agenesis | Gonadal dysgenesis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 59f6ea2f-1099-44c2-8502-c9a9a8b5f202 | single |
A patient came with dyspnea, elevated JVP and edema in the feet. Lungs are clear. There is a parasternal heave and S2 is palpable in the pulmonary area. Which one of the following is LEAST helpful in determining etiology? | * The findings of dyspnea, elevated JVP and pedal oedema are suggestive of right sided CHF * Parasternal heave and palpable S2 indicates pulmonary aery hypeension * This also explains why lungs are clear since pulmonary oedema is absent in PAH * Reduced RV compliance in RVH leads to elevated JVP and oedema in feet * Th... | 2 | Echo for mitral stenosis | Anti-endomysial antibody estimation | ELISA for HIV | Urine/stool examination for Schistosoma ova | Medicine | Hypeension | 9f160a97-e9ec-4e15-b1bf-d5df088e7c59 | single |
Which of the following clotting factors helps in bridging the fibrin in a clot and stabilizes the clot? | Factor XIII is also called as fibrin stabilizing factor. It is activated by thrombin. Activated factor XIII strengthens the fibrin reticulum. The fibrin monomer molecules are initially held together by weak non covalent hydrogen bonding, and the newly formed fibers are not cross linked with each other. Therefore as a r... | 4 | Factor III | Factor V | Factor VIII | Factor XIII | Physiology | null | 145a9614-2362-4e17-8246-c927fdbbd6a7 | single |
Mature defence mechanism is- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sublimation Defence mechanismo Narcissistic (Psychotic) :- Denial, disortion, projection.o Immature :- Blocking, introjection, passive-aggressive behavior, acting out, hypochondriasis, regression, schizoid fantasy, somatization.o Neurotic :- Controlling, Displacement, inhibition, extemalization, intel... | 1 | Sublimation | Denial | Projection | Distortion | Psychiatry | Cognitive Development | ba369469-747c-4009-aa72-25f1ca6cba6e | single |
Best screening test for pheochromocytoma? | Ans: a (Urinary VMA estimation)Ref: Vasudevan & Sreekumari, 6th edi., Pg. 207Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) in urineVMA is the main urinary metabolite of the norepinephrine pathway. Metanephrine is acted upon by mono amine oxidase to form(VMA). Normal level of excretion of VMA is 2-6 mg/24 hr.lt is increased in pheochrom... | 1 | Urinary VMA estimation | Serum catecholamine estimation | Clonidine suppression test | Urinarymetanephrine | Biochemistry | Endocrinology | 7115e8cb-52ba-422d-897e-8f0c97913efd | single |
Oral medication used in the treatment of scabies. | Gama benzene hexachloride 1%lindane 12 -24 hrs a day/2hrs in children .used in caution in infants and children. Permethrin 5%cream -8-12 hrs at night. It act on the nerve cell membrane and disrupt sodium channel current . Used to treat scabies in pregnancy,lctation and infants more than 2 months of age. Benzoyl benzoat... | 4 | Albendazole | Metronidazole | Ketoconazole | Ivermectin | Dental | Fungal infections, Scabies, Pediculosis | 68856c0c-5d8e-4177-abcf-4668132309f8 | single |
A 68-year-old male patient in the cardiology ward complains at each mealtime of difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). Radiographic studies reveal significant cardiac hypertrophy. A barium swallow, followed by radiographic examination of the thorax, reveals esophageal constriction directly posterior to the heart. Which ... | Mitral stenosis leads to left atrial dilation, which can exert a compressive effect on the esophagus. The pulmonary valve is located between the outflow tract of the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Anterior interventricular (left anterior de... | 1 | Mitral valve stenosis | Pulmonary valve stenosis | Regurgitation of the aorta | Occlusion of the anterior interventricular artery | Anatomy | Thorax | 54913cd2-fc2e-401c-8e74-43090a44e37d | multi |
True about delusions is all except: | DELUSION: Delusion is a false belief in something which is not a fact It persists even after its falsity has been clearly demonstrated. A normal person can have a delusion, but is capable of correcting it by his reasoning power, by his past experience and by being convinced by others. It is primarily a disorder of thou... | 2 | They are false belief, but firm. | It is primarily a disorder of perception | Not associated with intellectual background | It remains despite of contrary evidence | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Psychiatry | 80e8b55f-50cf-4d4d-b4e3-9f8bd4fefc68 | multi |
Aggrecan in | Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan component of cartilage. It is composed of several glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate) and both link and core proteins. | 4 | Receptor over platelets | A molecule present in osteoid tissue | Granules in leukocytes | Important component of cartilage | Biochemistry | null | 81ffcdab-6aeb-43f4-954e-8b88fa798992 | single |
Anterior mesentery gives origin to | The pa of the ventral mesentery that attaches to the stomach is known as the ventral mesogastrium. The lesser omentum is formed, by a thinning of the mesoderm or ventral mesogastrium, which attaches the stomach and duodenum to the anterior abdominal wall. The lower pa is dorsal mesentery. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg235 | 2 | Greater omentum | Faciform ligament | Linorenal ligament | None of the above | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis | 19de04f4-3c52-4945-aca2-d11046aabfea | multi |
"Iris bombe" occurs due to | Posterior synechiae extending for 360 degrees around the pupil (seclusio pupillae), prevent the passage of aqueous from the posterior to the anterior chamber. This gives rise to forward bowing of the peripheral iris causing an 'iris bombe'. This may lead to elevation of IOP due to secondary angle closure by the periphe... | 4 | Adherent Glaucoma | Anterior Synechiae | Posterior Synechiae | Ring synechiae | Ophthalmology | All India exam | 42c090c7-9712-4ec7-bdaa-83b7cf1d7c68 | single |
Neisseria infection are associated with ? | Ans. is `b' i.e., Deficiency of late complements | 2 | Deficiency of early complements | Deficiency of late complements | There is no such association | Any deficiency can be associated | Microbiology | null | 164f1927-543d-497d-8a53-e4c4338d6fbe | single |
Signs of graft rejection are all except | D i.e. Foster spot Foster-Fuchs spot, lacquer cracksQ, temporal crescent, lattice degeneration and peripapillary, macular & diffuse chorioretinal atrophy are seen in myopic chorioretinal degeneration. | 4 | Krachmer spots | Khodadoust line | Oedema | Foster spot | Ophthalmology | null | 6c9531eb-aa57-4724-b359-4f045a7269b3 | multi |
All the following are true about bronchopulmonary aspergillosis except - | null | 2 | Central bronchiectasis | Pleural effusion | Asthma | Eosinophilia | Medicine | null | 193eaf92-45f0-4e2a-aeed-4a1c3577d275 | multi |
Exceptions for informed consent are the following, except | Exceptions for informed consent: Therapeutic privilege Emergency doctrine Therapeutic waiver Loco parentis Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 385 | 4 | Therapeutic privilege | Emergency doctrine | Therapeutic waiver | Therapeutic misadventure | Forensic Medicine | Medical Jurisprudence | 2fabc228-8f44-4693-a466-c370438dfcfa | multi |
Septic arthritis in a 2-year-old child is often caused by – | Bacteria are the most common pathogens in acute skeletal infections.
The microbial spectrum is diverse in suppurative arthritis, but Staphylococcus aureus infection is most common.
Salmonella is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell anemia. | 2 | Hemophilous influenzae | Staphylococcus aureus | Gonococi | Pneumococci | Pediatrics | null | c45d997f-1106-4f92-b48f-57d911e76597 | single |
Cell lining of small intestine - | Explainatin 2: The intestinal epithelium is the layer of cells that forms the luminal surface or lining of both the small and large intestine (colon) of the gastrointestinal tract. It is composed of simple columnar epithelium. It has two important functions: absorbing helpful substances and providing a barrier against ... | 3 | Simple squamous | Stratified squamous | Simple columnar | Stratified columnar | Anatomy | Digestive System (Histology) | 42711992-9a90-4daf-9a3e-9b7bed04b55d | multi |
Patient with 37 week AOG, centrally located placenta previa presented with bleeding per vaginum. Management: | Ans. (a) Caesarean sectionRef : D.C. Dutta 8th ed. / 290-92; William's 23rd ed. Chapter 35.* Placenta previa-placenta located at LUS.* One of the most commoncause of APH.* In case of centrally located placenta previa -mode of delivery is always CS.Management of placenta previa depends on its type- 4 typesIndication for... | 1 | Caesarean section | Abortion | Vaccum delivery | Foreceps delivery | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abortion | c8a78e2a-3e87-4c66-a322-932df6c567e9 | multi |
Which of the following techniques in the best for differentiating recurrence of brain tumour from radiation therapy induced necrosis? | Ans. is 'c' ie PET scan (Ref: Harrison, 16/e, p2460)."MRI or CT scans are often unable to distinguish radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor, but PET or SPECT scans may demonstrate that glucose metabolism is increased in tumor tissue but decreased in radiation necrosis." - Harrison. | 3 | MRI | Contrast enhanced MRI | PET scan | CT scan | Radiology | Neoplasia | fdbbe368-4a13-42e6-8619-2bf4d21f1377 | single |
A 27 yr old boy has itchy, excoriated papules on the forehead and exposed pas of the arms and legs for 3 years. The disease was most severe in the rainy season and improved completely in winter. What is the most likely diagnosis? | In this case, diagnosis can be made by excluding each option. This patient is least likely to have scabies, as it does not produce lesions on the face in adults. Atopic dermatitis is unlikely since he is giving a history of similar lesions only since 3 years. In atopic dermatitis lesions first appears in infancy and th... | 3 | Scabies | Uicaria | Insect bite hypersensitivity | Atopic dermatitis | Skin | null | bc5c96c1-51cb-480e-bc5e-9e03874b5e2b | single |
Jean Piaget put forth the theory of | null | 3 | Psychoanalytic theory of psychosexual development | Social learning | Cognitive development | Cultural adaptation | Dental | null | 32b51072-add3-4d2a-b72e-8e5c5f6e8fa1 | single |
Most important layer of a slow sand filter is - | This is confusing one because of the following statements of Park.
"The most important part of the filter is the sand bed" - Park
"The vital layer is the heart of the slow sand filter" - Park
Following statement may help in choosing the answer : -
"Vital layer is the layer that provides the effective purification in... | 1 | Vital layer | Sand bed | Filter system | Raw water | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 9faa2bab-0557-4309-aaf8-cd4e50c71fb6 | single |
A rickshaw is run over legs of a child making markings of tyre on the legs. Which type of injury is this? | Patterned abrasion. Patterning of abrasions The patterning of abrasions is clearer than that of bruises because abrasions frequently take a fairly detailed impression of the shape of the object causing them and, once inflicted, do not extend or gravitate; therefore, they indicate precisely the area of application of fo... | 1 | Patterned abrasion | Imprint abrasion | Pressure bruise | Split lacerations | Surgery | null | 73eb9714-155b-431a-bfcc-27fcbd1f1372 | single |
Asher man n syndrome is secondary to - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tuberculosis Asherman's syndrome (AS) or Fritsch syndromeo It is a condition characterized by adhesions and/or fibrosis of the endometrium most often associated with dilation and curettage of the intrauterine cavity:o Intrauterine adhesions can also form after infection with tuberculosis or schistosom... | 1 | Tuberculosis | Endometrial carcinoma | Endometriosis | Submucosal fibroid | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Secondary Amenorrhea | 1bb5263c-3b99-4729-aa24-8b7bcd98f8cb | single |
What is the age of tendon transfer in post polio residual paralysis - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 5 years * The available musclepower is redistributed either to equalize an unbalanced paralysis, or to use the motorpower for a more useful function.* It is not done before 5 years of age, asthe child has to be manageable enough tobe taught proper exercises.* More commonlyperformed tendon transfers ... | 4 | <6 months | 1 year | 2 years | >5 years | Orthopaedics | Management In Orthopedics | e451b103-fbd5-4d6c-9b42-ef75de84c708 | single |
Alosetron is | . | 3 | 5HT1 receptor antagonist | 5HT2 receptor antagonist | 5HT3 receptor antagonist | Analogues of somatostatin | Pathology | All India exam | 28be8a71-3e50-4a37-9e55-8870e6f3171f | single |
Vitamin A prophylaxis is given to children every:September 2007 | Ans. B: 6 monthsNational programme for prevention of nutritional blindness focuses onPromoting consumption of vitamin A rich foods by pregnant and lactating women and by children under 5 years of age.Administration of massive doses of vitamin A up to 5 years. First dose of 100,000 IU with measles vaccination at 9 month... | 2 | 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | 18 months | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 53334b71-2ac3-4243-b130-9e3454858867 | single |
In comparison to hyperplasia, hyperophy involves? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increase in cell size without increase in number Hyperplasia Increase in cell number without increasing in size o Occurs due to proliferation of cells Occurs only in cell capable of division DNA content in nuclei is same as normal cells o Example of tissues --> Breast, endometrium, liver, kidney Hyper... | 2 | Increase in cell size and number | Increase in cell size without increase in number | Increase in cell number without increasing in size | Increase in cell size and decrease in number | Pathology | null | e4f17d59-6085-4aeb-83fc-420d92ba7a7c | single |
This milestone is achieved by _________ | At 10 months Sits up alone and indefinitely without suppo Pulls to a standing position Walks holding furniture Grabs objects with thumb and forefinger Pokes at things with forefingers Uncovers hidden toy Mama, dada sounds (repetitive consonant sounds) Responds to the sound of a name Plays Peek-a-boo Waves bye-bye Ref :... | 1 | 10 months | 12 months | 16 months | 18 months | Pediatrics | Growth and development | bdcd5061-814c-4b16-b994-30f67f31c93e | single |
Which of the following is used for initial screening of auditory function in a neonate? | Most screening programmes for newborn hearing ability uses otoacoustic emission as the initial test. It this test fails then auditory brainstem response is used for screening. Otoacoustic emissions are low level sound emitted spontaneously by the cochlea on presentation of an auditory stimulus. Persons with normal hear... | 1 | Otoacoustic emission (OAE) | Auditory brainstem response (ABR) | Pure tone audiometry (PTA) | Free field audiometry | ENT | null | d49e9415-6a54-450a-84e2-0a5ec154dda0 | single |
The recommended oral dose of vitamin A in pregnant females is: | Ans. c. 2,00,000 U style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 0 8px; text-indent: 0">'There was a previous recommendation by WHO on giving 2 lacs IU of Vitamin A to pregnant women immediately after delivery, which was withdrawn in 2011.' | 3 | 50,000 U | 1,00,000 U | 2,00,000 U | 3,00,000 U | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vitamins | 7e8d316f-f50b-4e6e-83c0-00f89e66a079 | single |
Contraceptive efficacy expressed as - | null | 3 | 100 women months | 1000 women years | 100 women years | 10 women years | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | ed21d7d4-14f4-4cd7-98ce-7cbc4aab0bba | single |
Not true regarding Sudden infant death syndrome | SIDS / COT DEATH / CRIB DEATH :- It is sudden & unexpected death of seemingly healthy infant whose death remains unexplained even after comp. autopsy. Factors associated with SIDS :- Age = 2 month to 2 years Sex = Male Time = early morning Twins Mother = smoking during pregnancy | 3 | Also known as cot/crib death | Threefold increase in twins | Incidence common in females | Cigarette smoking by pregnant mothers increase the risk | Forensic Medicine | Infant deaths & child abuse | baebecd0-0a48-4429-934d-9417da385a14 | multi |
Which vitamin is given in type 2B familial hyperlipidemia? | Niacin or nicotinic acid is vitamin. Niacin is conveed to its coenzyme forms NAD and NADPTreatment of hyperlipidemia:Niacin (at doses of 1.5 g/day or 100 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance or RDA) strongly inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue--the primary producer of circulating free fatty acids. The liver normall... | 3 | Thiamine | Riboflavin | Nicotinic acid | Panthothenic acid | Biochemistry | vitamins | a9c9b072-2d17-4b20-9939-5c82038457a2 | single |
Doxylamine used in management of nausea and vomiting is marketed with which vitamin ? | Ans. is'd'i.e., PyridoxineDoxylamineSedative H1 antihistamine with prominent anticholinergic activity. Marketed in combination with pyridoxine, it is specifically promoted in India for 'morning sickness' (vomiting of early pregnancy), although such use is not made in the UK and many other countries. | 4 | Thiamine | Riboflavin | Niacin | Pyridoxine | Pharmacology | null | a0b35fd9-8a5b-4084-a81f-8b3f5d046834 | single |
Maximum tensile strength is recovered in wound area during what period after an injury? | Net collagen accumulation, however, depends not only on increased collagen synthesis but also on decreased degradation. When sutures are removed from an incisional surgical wound, usually at the end of the first week, wound strength is approximately 10% that of unwounded skin. Wound strength increases rapidly over the ... | 2 | 1 to 2 weeks | 3 to 4 weeks | 6 months | 1 year | Pathology | null | f486903d-6d29-4d02-a670-8e7c92c076bb | single |
Characteristic of acute inflammation is | Ref Robbins 8/e p 45 ,9/e p74 The acute inflammatory response rapidly delivers leuko- cytes and plasma proteins to sites of injury. Once there, leukocytes clear the invaders and begin the process of digesting and getting rid of necrotic tissues. Acute inflammation has two major components (Fig. 2-2): * Vascular changes... | 1 | Vasodilation and increase permeability | Vasoconstriction | Platelet aggregation | Infiltration by neutrophil | Anatomy | General anatomy | aeacc5a4-67b0-4ff1-8143-dc8c8d92b855 | single |
A 45-year-old female is diagnosed as a case of pneumococcal meningitis. Her blood sample were sent for culture sensitivity. In the mean time best drug to start as an empirical treatment is - | null | 4 | Penicillin G | Doxycycline | Streptomycin | Vancomyin + Ceftriaxone | Medicine | null | a1852677-a618-48fc-b00a-366721a4c376 | single |
All are components of GCS EXCEPT: | ANSWER: (B) RespirationREF: Harrison 18t ed table 267-1GLASGOW COMA SCALE 123456EyesDoes not open eyesOpens eyes in response to painful stimuliOpens eyes in response to voiceOpens eyes spontaneouslyN/AN/AVerbalMakes no soundsIncomprehensiblesoundsUttersinappropriatewordsConfused,disorientedOriented,conversesnormallyN/A... | 2 | Eye opening | Respiration | Conversation | Motor response | Surgery | Head Injury | 19304004-9a31-4c89-aefa-7e77073e0624 | multi |
The prognosis of rapidly proliferating glomerulonephritis (Crescentric GN) depends upon - | null | 1 | Number of crescents | Size of crescents | Shape of crescents | Cellularity of crescents | Medicine | null | 8426dea3-1a44-45f6-88fd-a514e762a521 | single |
Deficiency of the 'intrinsic factor of Castle' causes: | Answer is B (Pernicious Anemia) Deficiency of Intrinsic factor leads to a specific form of vitamin B12 deficiency megaloblastic anemia called `Pernicious Anemia'. Pernicious Anemia also known as Addison's Anemia is a megaloblastic anemia due to deficiency of intrinsic factor (secreted by parietal cells of gastric mucos... | 2 | Microcytic anemia | Pernicious anemia | Cooley's anemia | Aplastic anemia | Medicine | null | 0c9af557-7e33-4ba6-9d7a-4c99378ee12c | single |
Urinary incontinence results from all except - | Rectovesical fistula doesn’t cause urinary incontinence, as the level of fistula is above the sphincter mechanism. | 4 | Neurogenic bladder | Vesico vaginal fistula | Ectopic ureter | Rectovesical fistula | Surgery | null | e3090a80-f0b0-4e60-9636-15b558084c7d | multi |
Morbid jealousy is most often seen in patients taking | Some Complications of Alcohol Dependence Medical Complications Central Nervous System: i. Peripheral neuropathy ii. Delirium tremens iii. Rum fits (Alcohol withdrawal seizures) iv. Alcoholic hallucinosis v. Alcoholic jealousy vi. Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis vii. Marchiaa-Bignami disease viii. Alcoholic dementia ix. Su... | 1 | Alcohol | Amphetamine | LSD | Cannabis | Psychiatry | Substance abuse | 1df63d84-9e14-4ea8-9d64-c3082bb31060 | single |
Most common subtype of thyroid cancer is? | ANSWER: (B) Papillary carcinomaREF: Sabiston 18th ed chapter 36, Schwartz 9th ed chapter 38Papillary carcinoma is the most common of the thyroid neoplasms and is usually associated with an excellent prognosis, particularly in female patients younger than 40 years. About 70% to 80% of patients in the United States in wh... | 2 | Medullary carcinoma | Papillary carcinoma | Follicular carcinoma | Anaplastic carcinoma | Surgery | Thyroid Malignancies | b1713ee3-ce97-4d46-86ad-d8ba809b626e | single |
A 35 yr old P 3+0 is observed to have CIN grade III on colposcopic biopsy. Best treatment will be | LEEP Repeat All India 2009 "Although CIN can be treated with a variety of techniques, the preferred treatment for CIN 2 and 3 has become LEE?" - Novak's Gynecology p582 Though the patient is 35 yrs old and has completed her family, still hysterectomy won't be treatment of choice as-"Hysterectomy is currently considered... | 3 | Cryosurgery | Conization | LEEP | Hysterectomy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | c7644e3c-19eb-4cd4-8cee-a8e1cb38a730 | single |
Lipschutz inclusion bodies are seen in infects caused by- | Herpes Simplex Viruses Infection Laboratory Diagnosis 1. Light Microscopy - cells from the base of the lesion, or wiped from a mucous surface, or biopsy material, may reveal intranuclear inclusions (Lipschutz inclusion bodies). Infected cells may show ballooning and fusion. 2. Electron Microscopy - Electron microscopy ... | 1 | Herpes virus | Vaccinia virus | Hepatitis-A virus | Hanta virus | Pathology | miscellaneous | 886ed752-2ad3-44bd-b92c-eabe78f57546 | single |
Which of the following antibodies is the most specific for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis? | Ans. d. Anti-CCP (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2136, 18/e p2745; CMDT 09/727)Anti-CCP antibodies are the most specific blood test for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis."Anti CCP antibodies are the most specific blood test for rheumatoid arthritis (specificity ~95%)."- CMDT 09/727"Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)... | 4 | IgA | IgG | IgM | Anti-CCP | Medicine | Rheumatoid Arthritis | a063d271-5c8b-453d-9ef1-b81dc4304b56 | single |
Glomus tumour invading the veical pa of the carotid canal. It is | FISCH classification is used for glomus tumours based on the extension into surrounding anatomic structures. Type A tumour - Tumour limited to the middle ear cleft (glomus tympanicum) Type B tumour - Tumour limited to the tympanomastoid area with no infralabyrinthine compament involvement Type C tumour - Tumour involvi... | 3 | Type B | Type C1 | Type C2 | Type C3 | ENT | Ear | a7d66965-15fb-4922-84da-4d8cfa9e8e4f | single |
Na channel mediated TTXN resistant caused is d
to involvement of the following: | null | 2 | Nav 1.1 | Nav 1.8 | TRPI | NMD4 | Biochemistry | null | 9b56b842-6494-4b63-b9e3-fb342f7bcb87 | single |
Dobutamine is preferred over dopamine in cardiogenic shock because of its effect related to: | null | 2 | Better cardiac stimulation | Less peripheral vasoconstriction | Lower risk of cardiac arrhythmias | More CNS stimulation | Pharmacology | null | 88752750-864c-49b0-94aa-3c67f31cc188 | single |
An elective surgery is to be done in a patient taking heavy doses of Aspirin. Management consists of : | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Stop aspirin for 7 days and then do surgery "Aspirin should be stopped 1 week before elective surgery." - KDT Aspirin, even in small doses, irreversibly inhibits Thrombooxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis by platelets. Thus it interferes with platelet aggregation and increase the bleeding time. This effect last... | 2 | Proceed with surgery | Stopping aspirin for 7 days and then do surgery | Preoperative platelet transfusion | Intra operative platelet transfusion | Surgery | null | eefe8af2-a23a-4436-9da0-2646b2c79c44 | single |
A point that falls on horopter excites: | Ans. Corresponding retinal points | 1 | Corresponding retinal points | Crossed diplopia | Confusion | Stereopsis | Ophthalmology | null | f7545418-04bd-4daf-8491-ea591ecddb66 | multi |
Xerophthalmia is considered a problem in a community if:- | Prevalence criteria for determining the Xerophthalmia problem in a community: Criteria Prevalence Night blindness >1.0% Bitot's spots >0.5% Corneal xerosis / corneal ulceration / keratomalacia >0.01% Corneal ulcer >0.05% Serum retinol >5.0% | 1 | Night blindness >1% | Bitot spots >1% | Corneal ulceration > 0.05% | Corneal ulcer >0.5% | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vitamins and Nutritional Deficiencies | fef6e97a-cd41-48ac-a3e8-a9273fb9c97e | single |
The predominant immunoglobulin in saliva is | null | 1 | IgA | IgD | IgE | IgG | Microbiology | null | 4d8d4d4e-aeae-463e-831f-120b89713e99 | single |
Nerve supplying Gemellus inferior | Nerve to Obturator internus supplies obturator internus and Gemellus superior.
Nerve to Quadratus femoris supplies Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior | 4 | Nerve to Obturator internus | Superior gluteal nerve | Inferior gluteal nerve | Nerve to Quadratus femoris | Anatomy | null | 84658904-3855-47b5-9307-99efb9d90b0d | single |
Ca-wheel appearance of tympanic membrane in ASOM is due to | In the stage of presuppuration of ASOM, there is congestion of pars tensa. A leash of blood vessels appears along the handle of malleus and at the periphery of tympanic membrane impaing it a ca-wheel appearance. (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, Dhingra 7th edition; pg no 67) | 3 | Perforation of tympanic membrane | Edema of tympanic membrane | Congested blood vessels along malleus | Granulation tissue on tympanic membrane | ENT | Ear | dc8a7e19-52de-4350-b575-d1f8238c27dc | multi |
A patient on treatment for leukemia, develops chest pain, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusion. The likely cause is : | null | 4 | Daunorubicin | Hydroxyurea | Cytarabine | Tretinoin | Pharmacology | null | 103c7053-4cb6-43a7-88cb-e44cff6062b3 | single |
Regarding Case Control Study true is | (A) Useful for rare diseases # CASE-CONTROL STUDY: Both exposure & outcome have occurred before the start of the study the study proceeds backwards from effect to cause; & it uses a control or comparison group to support or refute an inference.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CASE CONTROL STUDIESADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES1... | 1 | Useful for rare diseases | Incidence can be calculated | Takes longer time | Relative risk can be calculated | Social & Preventive Medicine | Miscellaneous | 74de58e3-f96c-4d43-916f-942e0926cfe2 | multi |
Laboratory evaluation for the differential diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders includes all the following evcepr : | Answer is C (Flow cytometry) respective myeloproliferative disorde Myeloproliferative disorder Useful tests Polycythemia vera Elevated Red cell mass / with normal erythropoetin levels Chronic myeloid leukemia Chromosomal demonstration of Philadelphia chromosome or bcr /abl translocation Chronic idiopathic Myelofibrosis... | 3 | Chromosomal evaluation | Bone marrow aspiration | Flow-cytometric analysis | Determination of red blood cell mass | Medicine | null | 5eb266b4-596f-4f1b-96d9-2a56f64b4ac8 | multi |
Scabies, an infection of the skin caused by Sarcoptes scabiet, is an example of: | D i.e. Water related disease Scabies is water washed (category II) water related disease. | 4 | Water borne disease | Water washed disease | Water based disease | Water related disease | Skin | null | d5c9834e-7024-4229-9bc4-01a8b1944a42 | single |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.