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5ad3ef82604f3c001a3ff815
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CA...
What gives the federal government responsibility for international defense?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3ef82604f3c001a3ff816
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CA...
What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over 10 years?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e7
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e8
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What are the "red" trades?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e9
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What does "DUE" stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7ea
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What is the fourth similar environmental uniform?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56dde5409a695914005b9676
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope?
{ "text": [ "the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees." ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
56dde5409a695914005b9678
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
What were the cardinals assigned?
{ "text": [ "a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a50e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Who did not have the right of electing the pope in 1059?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a50f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Who held the right to appoint ecclesiastics from outside Rome in 1059?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a510
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
What were the cardinals not assigned?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a511
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56dde6309a695914005b9690
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?
{ "text": [ "cardinal" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56dde6309a695914005b9691
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
How early was this term used?
{ "text": [ "ninth century" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
56dde6309a695914005b9692
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?
{ "text": [ "tituli" ], "answer_start": [ 316 ] }
56def3ed3277331400b4d848
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What Latin word does "cardinal" come from?
{ "text": [ "cardo" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }
56def3ed3277331400b4d849
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word?
{ "text": [ "The Church of England" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
5ad2de57d7d075001a42a586
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What does the Latin cardo not mean?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2de57d7d075001a42a587
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What is the term applied to any priest temporarily assigned or incardinated to a church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2de57d7d075001a42a588
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What term was applied as early as the eighth century to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2de57d7d075001a42a589
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What term was used by the Church of France that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canon of St. Paul's Catherdral?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2de57d7d075001a42a58a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
Which church maintains the original meaning of the Greek word "cardo"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56dde75466d3e219004dadc4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
Who were the first people to be called cardinals in Rome?
{ "text": [ "the deacons of the seven regions of the city" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
56dde75466d3e219004dadc5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy?
{ "text": [ "8th century" ], "answer_start": [ 664 ] }
56dde75466d3e219004dadc6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
What year did the ruling "only a cardinal was eligible to become pope" come in effect?
{ "text": [ "769" ], "answer_start": [ 860 ] }
56dde75466d3e219004dadc7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini?
{ "text": [ "Nicholas II" ], "answer_start": [ 945 ] }
56def5bd3277331400b4d84f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
What was it that gave cardinals the right to elect the pope?
{ "text": [ "the Papal Bull In nomine Domini" ], "answer_start": [ 1013 ] }
56def5bd3277331400b4d850
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
In what year did the pope allow cardinals to wear the red hats?
{ "text": [ "1244" ], "answer_start": [ 1291 ] }
56def5bd3277331400b4d851
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
Who was the pope who gave cardinals the right to wear the hats?
{ "text": [ "Pope Innocent IV" ], "answer_start": [ 1271 ] }
5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
Who were the first persons to be called cardinals at the beginning of the 7th century in Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
What did the word cardinal begin to mean at the beginning of the 8th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
When were the Roman cardinals considered part of the peasant class?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
In what year was the pope eligible to become a cardinal?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e0e1d7d075001a42a5e8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be ...
Who rescinded the right of the whole body of cardinals to elect the pope in 1179?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56dde83666d3e219004dadd1
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What term was given to certain church men of honor?
{ "text": [ "cardinal" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
56dde83666d3e219004dadd2
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
When is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used?
{ "text": [ "747" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }
56dde83666d3e219004dadd4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?
{ "text": [ "1567" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
56def6ffc65bf219000b3e53
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
In regards to the word "cardinal" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III?
{ "text": [ "Pope Zacharias" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
56def6ffc65bf219000b3e54
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
In what year was the letter sent?
{ "text": [ "747" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }
56def6ffc65bf219000b3e55
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome?
{ "text": [ "Pius V." ], "answer_start": [ 555 ] }
56def6ffc65bf219000b3e56
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
In what year did the pope make the declaration?
{ "text": [ "1567" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
5ad2e303d7d075001a42a638
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What term was applied to certain political leaders as a mark of honor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e303d7d075001a42a639
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What did Pippin III call priests of Paris to distinguish them from county clergy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What century did the term cardinal spread quickly throughout various Muslim cities?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
In what year did Pope Zacharias reserve the title for the cardinals of Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
Who had a special class among clergy known as priests in the 9th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56dde8fd66d3e219004dade9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals?
{ "text": [ "1563" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }
56dde8fd66d3e219004dadea
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?
{ "text": [ "Pope Pius IV" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
56def865c65bf219000b3e5b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals?
{ "text": [ "1563" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }
56def865c65bf219000b3e5c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?
{ "text": [ "Pope Pius IV" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd901
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd902
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who led the Ecumenical Council of Thames?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd903
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who did the historic council determine that the College of Cardinals should select as cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd904
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
What did our Lord Jesus Christ not require according to the Council of Trent?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd905
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who would not be negligent or forgetful of their office?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56dde98d9a695914005b96aa
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who were generally temporal rulers?
{ "text": [ "French kings" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who reasserted the earliest influence of temporal subjects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who did the English kings appoint to influence politically significant movement?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
What tradition in England, France, and Portugal developed entitling certain political influencers to nominate their trusted subjects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd960
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56ddea8366d3e219004dae05
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
In what roles did cardinals have important roles?
{ "text": [ "secular affairs." ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
56ddea8366d3e219004dae07
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France?
{ "text": [ "Cardinal Richelieu" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
56df0f68c65bf219000b3f12
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?
{ "text": [ "Cardinal Richelieu" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
56df0f68c65bf219000b3f14
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king?
{ "text": [ "Henry, King of Portugal" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
What role did priests have in secular affairs?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Who did not take powerful positions in government?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
What five great cardinals once ruled France?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to?
{ "text": [ "70" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
56ddeb0c9a695914005b96b9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?
{ "text": [ "comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons." ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
56ddeb0c9a695914005b96ba
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
During who's term did the ruling exceed?
{ "text": [ "Pope John XXIII" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
56ddeb0c9a695914005b96bb
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to?
{ "text": [ "120" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
56ddeb0c9a695914005b96bc
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What is the maximum age for electors?
{ "text": [ "80" ], "answer_start": [ 698 ] }
56df10063277331400b4d92b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what?
{ "text": [ "120" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
56df10063277331400b4d92c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Pope Paul VI had no cap on what?
{ "text": [ "the number of cardinals generally" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What did the composition of popes consist of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What can popes not dispense from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56ddeba09a695914005b96c2
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
Where do the cardinals work?
{ "text": [ "a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
What duties are nuns allowed to perform?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
What do many nuns do for their titular churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56ddec019a695914005b96ca
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?
{ "text": [ "The Dean of the College of Cardinals" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56df108ac65bf219000b3f1b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?
{ "text": [ "titular bishopric of Ostia" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }
5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9ea
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
56ddec6666d3e219004dae0f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
In was year was the title decreed Eminence?
{ "text": [ "1630" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56ddec6666d3e219004dae10
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
Who decreed this?
{ "text": [ "Pope Urban VIII" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
56ddec6666d3e219004dae11
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?
{ "text": [ "Prince" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
56ddec6666d3e219004dae12
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
Who held more power then the cardinal?
{ "text": [ "the Pope and crowned monarchs" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
56df057ec65bf219000b3ee3
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?
{ "text": [ "Pope Urban VIII" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
What did was the title of the pope before 1630?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }