| --- |
| license: cc-by-sa-4.0 |
| task_categories: |
| - question-answering |
| - text-generation |
| language: |
| - en |
| tags: |
| - benchmark |
| - professional |
| - expert |
| - reasoning |
| - law |
| - medicine |
| - finance |
| - cybersecurity |
| - engineering |
| - llm-evaluation |
| - multiple-choice |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| --- |
| |
| # ProBench |
|
|
| A 4-choice multiple-choice benchmark of **529 expert-level questions** across five professional domains, sourced entirely from Stack Exchange communities (CC-BY-SA 4.0). Designed to evaluate LLMs where standard benchmarks (MMLU, HumanEval, HellaSwag) are now saturated above 90%. |
|
|
| ## Why ProBench? |
|
|
| | Benchmark | Frontier model score | Status | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | MMLU | >90% | Saturated | |
| | HellaSwag | >95% | Saturated | |
| | HumanEval | >90% | Saturated | |
| | **ProBench** | TBD | Active | |
|
|
| Questions are sourced from real professional practitioners. Correct answers are community-verified (Stack Exchange accepted answers with high vote scores). Distractors are real expert-written text from the same domain — not synthetically generated. |
|
|
| ## Dataset Structure |
|
|
| ### Splits |
|
|
| | Split | Count | |
| |---|---| |
| | train | 370 | |
| | validation | 79 | |
| | test | 80 | |
| | **Total** | **529** | |
|
|
| ### By Domain |
|
|
| | Domain | Source Community | Items | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | Cybersecurity | security.stackexchange.com | 148 | |
| | Law | law.stackexchange.com | 121 | |
| | Medicine | medicalsciences.stackexchange.com | 63 | |
| | Engineering | engineering.stackexchange.com | 113 | |
| | Finance | quant.stackexchange.com | 84 | |
|
|
| ### Record Format |
|
|
| ```json |
| { |
| "id": "cybersecurity_29988", |
| "domain": "cybersecurity", |
| "question_title": "What is certificate pinning?", |
| "question_body": "I've recently seen ...", |
| "question_score": 373, |
| "question_tags": ["tls", "certificates", "public-key-infrastructure"], |
| "choices": { |
| "A": "You can roll your own, but you probably will make a major security...", |
| "B": "Software is too complex. This is by far the most important factor...", |
| "C": "The known_hosts file lets the client authenticate the server...", |
| "D": "Typically certificates are validated by checking the signature hierarchy..." |
| }, |
| "answer": "D", |
| "distractor_source": "same_domain_answer_pool", |
| "source": "stackexchange", |
| "license": "CC-BY-SA 4.0", |
| "url": "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/29988/..." |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Evaluation |
|
|
| Evaluation is exact-match (0 or 1 per question) — fully automated, no human judge required. |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("lin99/ProBench", split="test") |
| |
| def evaluate(model, dataset): |
| correct = 0 |
| for row in dataset: |
| prompt = f"""Domain: {row['domain']} |
| |
| Question: {row['question_title']} |
| |
| {row['question_body']} |
| |
| A. {row['choices']['A']} |
| B. {row['choices']['B']} |
| C. {row['choices']['C']} |
| D. {row['choices']['D']} |
| |
| Answer (A/B/C/D):""" |
| prediction = model(prompt).strip()[0].upper() |
| if prediction == row["answer"]: |
| correct += 1 |
| return correct / len(dataset) |
| |
| accuracy = evaluate(your_model, ds) |
| print(f"ProBench accuracy: {accuracy:.1%}") |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Quality Filters |
|
|
| | Filter | Threshold | |
| |---|---| |
| | Minimum question score | 10 upvotes | |
| | Minimum answer score | 5 upvotes | |
| | Accepted answers only | Yes | |
| | Minimum answer length | 30 words | |
| | Excluded question types | lifestyle, resource lists, book recommendations, tooling | |
|
|
| ## Data Collection |
|
|
| - **Source**: Stack Exchange API + data dump (archive.org, 2024-12-31 release) |
| - **License**: CC-BY-SA 4.0 — free to use with attribution |
| - **Distractors**: Real expert-written answers from other questions in the same domain |
| - **No synthetic generation**: every word in every answer comes from a real human expert |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @dataset{probench2025, |
| title = {ProBench: Expert-Level MCQ Benchmark across 5 Professional Domains}, |
| year = {2025}, |
| note = {Sourced from Stack Exchange communities (CC-BY-SA 4.0)}, |
| url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/lin99/ProBench} |
| } |
| |
| @misc{stackexchange_dump2024, |
| title = {Stack Exchange Data Dump}, |
| author = {{Stack Exchange, Inc.}}, |
| year = {2024}, |
| url = {https://archive.org/details/stackexchange}, |
| note = {Licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| All content is from Stack Exchange and licensed under **CC-BY-SA 4.0**. |
| Attribution to Stack Exchange communities is required. Each record includes the original URL. |
|
|
