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David Silver (computer scientist) : After graduating from university, Silver co-founded the video games company Elixir Studios, where he was CTO and lead programmer, receiving several awards for technology and innovation. Silver was awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship in 2011, and subsequently became... |
Comparison of deep learning software : The following tables compare notable software frameworks, libraries, and computer programs for deep learning applications. |
Comparison of deep learning software : Comparison of numerical-analysis software Comparison of statistical packages Comparison of cognitive architectures List of datasets for machine-learning research List of numerical-analysis software == References == |
Amazon SageMaker : Amazon SageMaker AI is a cloud-based machine-learning platform that allows the creation, training, and deployment by developers of machine-learning (ML) models on the cloud. It can be used to deploy ML models on embedded systems and edge-devices. The platform was launched in November 2017. |
Amazon SageMaker : SageMaker enables developers to operate at a number of different levels of abstraction when training and deploying machine learning models. At its highest level of abstraction, SageMaker provides pre-trained ML models that can be deployed as-is. In addition, it offers a number of built-in ML algorith... |
Amazon SageMaker : A number of interfaces are available for developers to interact with SageMaker. First, there is a web API that remotely controls a SageMaker server instance. While the web API is agnostic to the programming language used by the developer, Amazon provides SageMaker API bindings for a number of languag... |
Amazon SageMaker : 2017-11-29: SageMaker is launched at the AWS re:Invent conference. 2018-02-27: Managed TensorFlow and MXNet deep neural network training and inference are now supported within SageMaker. 2018-02-28: SageMaker automatically scales model inference to multiple server instances. 2018-07-13: Support is ad... |
Amazon SageMaker : NASCAR is using SageMaker to train deep neural networks on 70 years of video data. Carsales.com uses SageMaker to train and deploy machine learning models to analyze and approve automotive classified ad listings. Avis Budget Group and Slalom Consulting are using SageMaker to develop "a practical on-s... |
Amazon SageMaker : In 2019, CIOL named SageMaker one of the "5 Best Machine Learning Platforms For Developers," alongside IBM Watson, Microsoft Azure Machine Learning, Apache PredictionIO, and AiONE. |
Amazon SageMaker : Amazon Web Services Amazon Lex Amazon Polly Amazon Rekognition Amazon Mechanical Turk Timeline of Amazon Web Services == References == |
Apache MXNet : Apache MXNet is an open-source deep learning software framework that trains and deploys deep neural networks. It aims to be scalable, allows fast model training, and supports a flexible programming model and multiple programming languages (including C++, Python, Java, Julia, MATLAB, JavaScript, Go, R, Sc... |
Apache MXNet : Apache MXNet is a scalable deep learning framework that supports deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs). |
Apache MXNet : Comparison of deep learning software Differentiable programming == References == |
Apache SINGA : Apache SINGA is an Apache top-level project for developing an open source machine learning library. It provides a flexible architecture for scalable distributed training, is extensible to run over a wide range of hardware, and has a focus on health-care applications. Apache SINGA has won the 2024 SIGMOD ... |
Apache SINGA : The SINGA project was initiated by the DB System Group at National University of Singapore in 2014, in collaboration with the database group of Zhejiang University, in order to support complex analytics at scale, and make database systems more intelligent and autonomic. It focused on distributed deep lea... |
Apache SINGA : SINGA's software stack includes three major components, namely, core, IO and model. The following figure illustrates these components together with the hardware. The core component provides memory management and tensor operations; IO has classes for reading (and writing) data from (to) disk and network; ... |
Apache SINGA : SINGA-Auto (aka. Rafiki in VLDB2018) is a subsystem of Apache SINGA to provide the training and inference service of machine learning models. SINGA-Auto frees users from constructing the machine learning models, tuning the hyper-parameters, and optimizing the prediction accuracy and speed. Users can simp... |
Apache SINGA : SINGA-Easy (ACM Multimedia 2021) is an easy-to-use deep learning framework built as a component of Apache SINGA to facilitate the adoption of deep learning algorithms and inference services by domain-specific domain application users (e.g., multimedia, medical image analysis). It provides distributed hyp... |
Apache SINGA : MLCask (IEEE ICDE 2021) is a pipeline management subsystem that manages machine learning pipelines, from data cleaning to data analytics, to ease the maintenance of evolving and versioning of machine learning pipelines for collaborative analytics. It serves to reduce the cost and facilitate adoption. MLC... |
Apache SINGA : Starting from version 4.1.0, Apache SINGA provides support for in-database model selection and inference in PostgreSQL. The system implements a resource-efficient two-phase model selection algorithm that incorporates both training-free and training-based model selection techniques. This model selection a... |
Apache SINGA : Apache SINGA is in use at organizations such as NetEase, Carnegie Technologies, CBRE, Citigroup, JurongHealth Hospital, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Noblis, Shentilium Technologies, Singapore General Hospital, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, YZBigData, and others. Apache SINGA ... |
Apache SINGA : The Ng Teng Fong General Hospital collaborated with the Apache SINGA team to develop an application for people diagnosed with pre-diabetes, a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. The application called JurongHealth Food Log (JHFood... |
Apache SINGA : List of Apache Software Foundation projects Comparison of deep learning software |
Apache SINGA : Official website |
Caffe (software) : Caffe (Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding) is a deep learning framework, originally developed at University of California, Berkeley. It is open source, under a BSD license. It is written in C++, with a Python interface. |
Caffe (software) : Yangqing Jia created the Caffe project during his PhD at UC Berkeley, while working the lab of Trevor Darrell. The first version, called "DeCAF", made its first appearance in spring 2013 when it was used for the ILSVRC challenge (later called ImageNet). The library was named Caffe and released to the... |
Caffe (software) : Caffe supports many different types of deep learning architectures geared towards image classification and image segmentation. It supports CNN, RCNN, LSTM and fully-connected neural network designs. Caffe supports GPU- and CPU-based acceleration computational kernel libraries such as Nvidia cuDNN and... |
Caffe (software) : Caffe is being used in academic research projects, startup prototypes, and even large-scale industrial applications in vision, speech, and multimedia. Yahoo! has also integrated Caffe with Apache Spark to create CaffeOnSpark, a distributed deep learning framework. |
Caffe (software) : In April 2017, Facebook announced Caffe2, which included new features such as recurrent neural network (RNN). At the end of March 2018, Caffe2 was merged into PyTorch. |
Caffe (software) : Comparison of deep learning software |
DeepSpeed : DeepSpeed is an open source deep learning optimization library for PyTorch. |
DeepSpeed : The library is designed to reduce computing power and memory use and to train large distributed models with better parallelism on existing computer hardware. DeepSpeed is optimized for low latency, high throughput training. It includes the Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO) for training models with 1 trillion... |
DeepSpeed : Comparison of deep learning software Deep learning Machine learning TensorFlow |
DeepSpeed : Rajbhandari, Samyam; Rasley, Jeff; Ruwase, Olatunji; He, Yuxiong (2019). "ZeRO: Memory Optimization Towards Training A Trillion Parameter Models". arXiv:1910.02054 [cs.LG]. |
DeepSpeed : AI at Scale - Microsoft Research GitHub - microsoft/DeepSpeed ZeRO & DeepSpeed: New system optimizations enable training models with over 100 billion parameters - Microsoft Research |
Keras : Keras is an open-source library that provides a Python interface for artificial neural networks. Keras was first independent software, then integrated into the TensorFlow library, and later supporting more. "Keras 3 is a full rewrite of Keras [and can be used] as a low-level cross-framework language to develop ... |
Keras : The name 'Keras' derives from the Ancient Greek word κέρας (Keras) meaning 'horn'. Designed to enable fast experimentation with deep neural networks, Keras focuses on being user-friendly, modular, and extensible. It was developed as part of the research effort of project ONEIROS (Open-ended Neuro-Electronic Int... |
Keras : Keras contains numerous implementations of commonly used neural-network building blocks such as layers, objectives, activation functions, optimizers, and a host of tools for working with image and text data to simplify programming in deep neural network area. The code is hosted on GitHub, and community support ... |
Keras : Comparison of deep-learning software |
Keras : Official website Keras on GitHub |
Neural Designer : Neural Designer is a software tool for machine learning based on neural networks, a main area of artificial intelligence research, and contains a graphical user interface which simplifies data entry and interpretation of results. In 2015, Neural Designer was chosen by the European Commission, within t... |
Neural Designer : Neural Designer performs descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive data analytics. It implements deep architectures with multiple non-linear layers and contains utilities to solve function regression, pattern recognition, time series and autoencoding problems. The input to Neural Designer i... |
Neural Designer : Weka: free machine learning and data mining software. RapidMiner: free and commercial machine learning framework implemented in Java. KNIME: free and commercial machine learning and data mining software. |
Neural Designer : Artificial intelligence Artificial neural network Comparison of deep learning software Data mining Deep learning Machine learning Predictive analytics == References == |
Theano (software) : Theano is a Python library and optimizing compiler for manipulating and evaluating mathematical expressions, especially matrix-valued ones. In Theano, computations are expressed using a NumPy-esque syntax and compiled to run efficiently on either CPU or GPU architectures. |
Theano (software) : Theano is an open source project primarily developed by the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA) at the Université de Montréal. The name of the software references the ancient philosopher Theano, long associated with the development of the golden mean. On 28 September 2017, Pascal Lambl... |
Theano (software) : The following code is the original Theano's example. It defines a computational graph with 2 scalars a and b of type double and an operation between them (addition) and then creates a Python function f that does the actual computation. |
Theano (software) : Comparison of deep learning software Differentiable programming |
Theano (software) : Official website (GitHub) Theano at Deep Learning, Université de Montréal |
Torch (machine learning) : Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyT... |
Torch (machine learning) : The core package of Torch is torch. It provides a flexible N-dimensional array or Tensor, which supports basic routines for indexing, slicing, transposing, type-casting, resizing, sharing storage and cloning. This object is used by most other packages and thus forms the core object of the lib... |
Torch (machine learning) : The nn package is used for building neural networks. It is divided into modular objects that share a common Module interface. Modules have a forward() and backward() method that allow them to feedforward and backpropagate, respectively. Modules can be joined using module composites, like Sequ... |
Torch (machine learning) : Many packages other than the above official packages are used with Torch. These are listed in the torch cheatsheet. These extra packages provide a wide range of utilities such as parallelism, asynchronous input/output, image processing, and so on. They can be installed with LuaRocks, the Lua ... |
Torch (machine learning) : Torch is used by the Facebook AI Research Group, IBM, Yandex and the Idiap Research Institute. Torch has been extended for use on Android and iOS. It has been used to build hardware implementations for data flows like those found in neural networks. Facebook has released a set of extension mo... |
Torch (machine learning) : Comparison of deep learning software PyTorch |
1831 census of the Ottoman Empire : 1831 census of the Ottoman Empire was the first available population information in the West. The Europeans estimates before this census, some of whom, such as William Eton, David Urquhart, Georg Hassel was based on their personal assumptions which in these publications claimed to be... |
1831 census of the Ottoman Empire : Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 242. |
1871 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1871 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 2 April 1871. It added the categories of "lunatic" to those recorded as infirm. The total population of England, Wales and Scotland was recorded as 26,072,036. |
1871 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses == References == |
1881–1882 census of the Ottoman Empire : 1881–1882 census of the Ottoman Empire was a multi-year census effort that the preparations for the forms and registration committees finished in 1884-1885 (also refereed as 1881-1883 census) which from this date a continuous flow of information collected with yearly reports unt... |
1881–1882 census of the Ottoman Empire : Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 242. |
1891 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1891 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 5 April 1891. A question was added to record the number of rooms in a household, in response to concerns about overcrowding in cities. This was also the first census to emplo... |
1891 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses == References == |
1951 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1951 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 8 April 1951. It was the first to ask about household amenities and the largest so far attempted in the country. There was no census taken in 1941 due to the Second World W... |
1951 United Kingdom census : The census was conducted under the Census Act 1920 which prohibits disclosure for 100 years, this means the 1951 census is expected to be made public in January 2052. The 1951 census had been the first national census since 1931; the 1941 census effort had been abandoned due to the ongoing ... |
1951 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses |
1951 United Kingdom census : http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/1951?show=ALL |
1961 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1961 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 23 April 1961. It was the first to ask about qualifications, migration status, and household tenure. It was also the first to use a computer, an IBM 705 at the Royal Army P... |
1961 United Kingdom census : The census was conducted under the Census Act 1920 which prohibits disclosure. It is expected, however, that it will be released to the public in the year 2062. |
1961 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses |
1966 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1966 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 24 April 1966. It was the first to ask about car ownership and method of travel to work. It trialled an alternative method of enumeration and was the first where the result... |
1966 United Kingdom census : The census is expected to be released to the public in 2067. |
1966 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses == References == |
1971 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1971 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 25 April 1971. The census will be released in 2071. According to the preliminary general results of the census, the population of the United Kingdom on 25 April 1971 was as... |
1971 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses == References == |
1981 Canadian census : The 1981 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was June 3, 1981. On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada. The total population count of Canada was 24,343,181. This was a 5.9% increase over the 1976 census of 22,992,604. ... |
1981 Canadian census : A summary of information about Canada. |
1981 Canadian census : Population and housing censuses by country == References == |
1981 United Kingdom census : The United Kingdom Census 1981 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 5 April 1981. The census will be released in 2081 or 2082 after 100 years. |
1981 United Kingdom census : Census in the United Kingdom List of United Kingdom censuses == References == |
1990 Chinese census : The 1990 Chinese census, officially the Fourth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Based on the fourth census of July 1990, mainland China's population was estimated to be 1.133 billion.... |
1990 Chinese census : "第四次全国人口普查公报（第1号）". National Bureau of Statistics of China (in Simplified Chinese). 2001-11-02. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-05-07. "第四次全国人口普查公报（第2号）". National Bureau of Statistics of China (in Simplified Chinese). 2001-11-02. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. ... |
1991 Bangladeshi census : In 1991, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, conducted a national census in Bangladesh. They recorded data from all of the districts and upazilas and main cities in Bangladesh including statistical data on population size, households, sex and age distribution, marital status, economically act... |
1991 Bangladeshi census : Demographics of Bangladesh 2001 Census of Bangladesh 2011 Census of Bangladesh 2022 Census of Bangladesh |
1991 Bangladeshi census : Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, "Census Reports: Population Census-2001", 2001. The 1991 census figures can be seen compared to the 2001 census. |
1992 Bulgarian census : The population census in Bulgaria in 1992 was conducted on December 4, by the National Statistical Institute (NSI). It was accompanied by a study of the processes of restitution, privatization and the progress of the agrarian reform. A survey of employment and unemployment was conducted. The cen... |
1992 Bulgarian census : Demographics of Bulgaria |
1992 Bulgarian census : Media related to Census of Bulgaria, 1992 at Wikimedia Commons |
2001 Bangladeshi census : In 2001, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics conducted a national census in Bangladesh, ten years after the 1991 census. They recorded data from all of the districts, upazilas, and main cities in Bangladesh including statistical data on population size, households, sex and age distribution, ma... |
2001 Bangladeshi census : Demographics of Bangladesh 1991 Census of Bangladesh 2011 Census of Bangladesh 2022 Census of Bangladesh |
2001 Bangladeshi census : Islam, Sirajul; Islam, M Ataharul (2012). "Census". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. |
2010 Brazilian census : The Brazilian 2010 Census was the twelfth census of Brazil, organized by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), with the reference date being August 1, 2010. The population was found to be a record 190,755,799, an increase of 12.5%. The population aged, with the median age n... |
2010 Brazilian census : The census found that the composition of Brazil was as follows: 47.5% were White, 43.4% were Pardo (Mixed-Race), 7.5% were Black, 1.1% were East Asian (Yellow in the census), 0.4% were Indigenous and 0.01% did not answer. The census also asked people their religion: 64.6% were Catholics, 22.2% w... |
2010 Brazilian census : Demographics of Brazil == References == |
2011 Bangladeshi census : In 2011, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics conducted a national census in Bangladesh, which provided a provisional estimate of the total population of the country as 142,319,000. The previous decennial census was the 2001 census. Data were recorded from all of the districts and upazilas and ... |
2011 Bangladeshi census : Demographics of Bangladesh 1991 Census of Bangladesh 2001 Census of Bangladesh 2022 Census of Bangladesh == References == |
2014 Crimean Federal District census : The Crimean Federal District census (Russian: Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе), transliterated as Perepis naseleniya v Krymskom federalnom okruge, was carried out in Crimea by Russia in 2014, following its annexation by Russia. The census found the total populatio... |
2018 North Korean census : The Government of North Korea had planned to hold a census in the country in 2018, ten years after the 2008 census. However, the census was reportedly canceled because South Korea had stopped funding the project (because such funding would be in violation of international sanctions, specifica... |
2020 Turkish census : According to the 2020 census, the population of Turkey is 83,614,362. It was determined that 41,915,985 of the population was male and 41,698,377 were female. |
2022 Zambian census : The 2022 census of Zambia was a detailed enumeration of the Zambian population that became the sixth national census in the country since independence. It began on August 18, 2022 and concluded by September 14, 2022. It became Zambia's first-ever digitally conducted population census. |
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