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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | When was the Email published? | false | 4,192 | {
"text": [
"20 th September 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
3138
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} |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | Which medical comorbidities most profoundly influenced MERS-CoV outcomes? | false | 1,279 | {
"text": [
"if they were obese, immunocompromised, diabetic or had cardiac disease"
],
"answer_start": [
13213
]
} |
1,592 | Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/
SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77
Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad... | What are the key factors preventing the elimination of HCV infection in some patients? | false | 3,903 | {
"text": [
"baseline and emergent resistance variants"
],
"answer_start": [
14415
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} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | What is responsible for the reduction of radiologic pneumonia? | false | 520 | {
"text": [
"Widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccination has decreased the incidence of radiologic pneumonia."
],
"answer_start": [
6100
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} |
1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | What is Enfuvirtide? | false | 2,250 | {
"text": [
"HIV fusion inhibitor"
],
"answer_start": [
600
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} |
2,519 | Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054964/
SHA: 77b0c98d1a2ca46b219ad090074814c387c80d8f
Authors: Chen, Weilie; Lan, Yun; Yuan, Xiaozhen; Deng, Xilong; Li, Yueping; Cai, Xiaoli; Li, Liya; He, Ruiying; Tan, Yizh... | Which patients were classified as severe in Chinese guidelines? | false | 1,168 | {
"text": [
"Patients who were with at least one of the following symptom should be diagnosed to be severe case, 1) distress of respiratory with respiratory rate > = 30/min; 2) Oxygen saturation < = 93% in the rest state, and 3) arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) over inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO₂) of less than 3... |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is a concern with these vaccines? | false | 1,496 | {
"text": [
"like LAIV, safety in immunocompromised individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
7466
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} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | How different is it from SARS-related viruses? | false | 3,694 | {
"text": [
"the external subdomain of Spike’s receptor binding domain of 2019-nCoV shares only 40% amino acid identity with other SARS-related coronaviruses."
],
"answer_start": [
1157
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} |
1,564 | A focus reduction neutralization assay for hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852297/
SHA: ee8dca216514deeed4c9415bc2ad8a78dc3d9670
Authors: Fournier, Carole; Duverlie, Gilles; François, Catherine; Schnuriger, Aurelie; Dedeurwaerder, Sarah; Brochot, Etienne; Capro... | What is the Hepatitis C virus? | false | 1,625 | {
"text": [
"enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus"
],
"answer_start": [
2967
]
} |
1,564 | A focus reduction neutralization assay for hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852297/
SHA: ee8dca216514deeed4c9415bc2ad8a78dc3d9670
Authors: Fournier, Carole; Duverlie, Gilles; François, Catherine; Schnuriger, Aurelie; Dedeurwaerder, Sarah; Brochot, Etienne; Capro... | What antiviral treatments are used for hepatitis C infection? | false | 1,628 | {
"text": [
"pegylated alpha-interferon and ribavirin"
],
"answer_start": [
3287
]
} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is PSO? | false | 4,422 | {
"text": [
"particle swarm optimization"
],
"answer_start": [
4668
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What is the presence of Ae.albopictus in North America? | false | 2,520 | {
"text": [
"has been in many areas of the US, since 1985, primarily in Florida [32] and since then has expanded its range in the country."
],
"answer_start": [
9429
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} |
2,437 | Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640845/
SHA: 1bd2f6497996fc0fccd8dffd7f84846d3d36f964
Authors: Wang, Shaobo; Liu, Yang; Guo, Jiao; Wang, Peilin; Zhang, Leike; Xiao, Gengfu; Wang, Wei
Date: 2017-10-13
DOI: 10.1128/jv... | What is the selective index in high throughput screening? | false | 1,232 | {
"text": [
"the 50% cytotoxic concentration"
],
"answer_start": [
5400
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What was the estimated effect on China's reproduction number in March based on the intervention introduced in January? | false | 827 | {
"text": [
"from\naround 2-4 during the uncontrolled epidemic down to below 1"
],
"answer_start": [
7632
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} |
1,545 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What were the common HCOV strains in the 5 year USA study? | false | 1,719 | {
"text": [
"HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E"
],
"answer_start": [
4100
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} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the SSA optimization algorithm inspired by? | false | 4,430 | {
"text": [
"inspired by the behavior of salp chains"
],
"answer_start": [
6716
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What does infection of respiratory viruses cause? | false | 3,988 | {
"text": [
"disruption of tight junctions with the resulting increased rate of viral infiltration. This also increases the chances of allergens coming into contact with airway immune cells."
],
"answer_start": [
22016
]
} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What are the ILI samples wich test negative for influence? | false | 4,098 | {
"text": [
"are of unknown etiology"
],
"answer_start": [
3683
]
} |
1,667 | C. difficile 630Δerm Spo0A Regulates Sporulation, but Does Not Contribute to Toxin Production, by Direct High-Affinity Binding to Target DNA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485338/
SHA: f0fb3bbd96dad4c907c7fd456cd5783ed8fa7bd6
Authors: Rosenbusch, Katharina E.; Bakker, Dennis; Kuijper, Ed J.; Smits, Wi... | What is Clodstridium difficile? | false | 913 | {
"text": [
"Gram positive, anaerobic bacterium"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Why must the two proteins Gn and Gc be co-expressed? | false | 4,472 | {
"text": [
"to allow them stability so that the two can be assembled correctly in the Golg"
],
"answer_start": [
5727
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} |
187 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What was the clinical attack rate in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic? | false | 254 | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
5985
]
} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | What caused the increase in the incidence of empyema in children in the recent past? | false | 530 | {
"text": [
"An increased incidence of empyema in children was noted in some high-income countries following pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-7 introduction, and this was attributed to pneumococcal serotypes not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-7, especially 3 and 19A"
],
"answer_start": [
... |
1,574 | Population-Based Pertussis Incidence and Risk Factors in Infants Less Than 6 Months in Nepal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5907881/
SHA: ef821e34873d4752ecae41cd9dfc08a5e6db45e2
Authors: Hughes, Michelle M; Englund, Janet A; Kuypers, Jane; Tielsch, James M; Khatry, Subarna K; Shrestha, Laxman; LeClerq... | What kind of pertussis vaccine is used in middle and high income countries? | false | 2,167 | {
"text": [
"acellular"
],
"answer_start": [
2107
]
} |
1,579 | Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/
SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a
Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su... | How many patients had acute RTIs? | false | 4,084 | {
"text": [
"263"
],
"answer_start": [
11333
]
} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What is the effect of host immune response to the viral delivery vector on the efficacy of vaccination? | false | 875 | {
"text": [
"Vector-specific antibodies may impede the induction of immune responses to the vaccine-encoded antigens, as they may reduce the dose and time of exposure of the target cells to the vaccinated antigens"
],
"answer_start": [
22150
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | Why are serological tests vital? | false | 3,842 | {
"text": [
"to understand the proportion of cases who are asymptomatic."
],
"answer_start": [
13911
]
} |
1,604 | Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/
SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0
Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya... | What is the mean time of onset of symptoms to ICU admission in human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)? | false | 3,246 | {
"text": [
"9.6 days"
],
"answer_start": [
9127
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is an example of failure of rAd5? | false | 1,531 | {
"text": [
"a gene therapy examination where high-dose intravenous delivery of an Ad vector resulted in the death of an 18-year-old male"
],
"answer_start": [
10425
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What is aiming to incorporate pathways to translation at the earliest stages? | false | 4,124 | {
"text": [
"recent changes in the structure of government funding, 2 new public and private joint ventures and specialist undergraduate and postgraduate courses"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | How many clinical trials are registered? | false | 3,648 | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
186 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | Where was SARS-CoV-2 first identified? | false | 246 | {
"text": [
"Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, China"
],
"answer_start": [
1457
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} |
1,591 | Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/
SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df
Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja... | What virus is closely related to the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? | false | 4,061 | {
"text": [
"Human metapneumovirus (HMPV)"
],
"answer_start": [
1691
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is the result of increased eosinophilia? | false | 3,946 | {
"text": [
"worsens the classical symptoms of disease and may further lead to life-threatening conditions due to breathing difficulties"
],
"answer_start": [
11380
]
} |
1,554 | Multimodal Imaging in an Unusual Cluster of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444036/
SHA: ee3cc22161595e877450737882a52950fd179672
Authors: Gal-Or, Orly; Priel, Ethan; Rosenblatt, Irit; Shulman, Shiri; Kramer, Michal
Date: 2017-05-11
DOI: 10.1155/2017/7535320
Licen... | What types of viruses can be diagnosed through serological testing? | false | 583 | {
"text": [
"herpes simplex virus (HSV) I-II, varicella zoster virus (VZV), West Nile virus, coxsackievirus, echovirus (subgroup of enterovirus), and corona virus"
],
"answer_start": [
5843
]
} |
2,437 | Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640845/
SHA: 1bd2f6497996fc0fccd8dffd7f84846d3d36f964
Authors: Wang, Shaobo; Liu, Yang; Guo, Jiao; Wang, Peilin; Zhang, Leike; Xiao, Gengfu; Wang, Wei
Date: 2017-10-13
DOI: 10.1128/jv... | What is the size of a flavivirus? | false | 1,226 | {
"text": [
"11-kb"
],
"answer_start": [
3311
]
} |
1,687 | Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/
SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d... | What is the cause of Lassa fever? | false | 5,151 | {
"text": [
"OW Lassa virus (LASV)"
],
"answer_start": [
2942
]
} |
1,549 | A Global Champion for Health—WHO’s Next?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924837/
SHA: f2f9088055600d4160e36db5cb6ea000916390a3
Authors: nan
Date: 2016-06-28
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002059
License: cc-by
Abstract: In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors propose ideal qualities for the W... | What traits should the new Director General of the WHO have? | false | 1,596 | {
"text": [
"open-minded and creative"
],
"answer_start": [
3978
]
} |
641 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | How are siRNAs typically delivered for systemic effect? | false | 1,618 | {
"text": [
"intratracheal or intranasal delivery"
],
"answer_start": [
5840
]
} |
2,592 | A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
SHA: 018269476cd191365d6b8bed046078aea07c8c01
Authors: Yin, Tian-Mu Chen; Jia, Rui; Qiu-Peng, Wang; Ze-Yu, Zhao; Jing-An, Cui; Ling
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
License... | What was the mean incubation period? | false | 2,764 | {
"text": [
"5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1-7.0)"
],
"answer_start": [
9998
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What have recent epigenetic studies indicated? | false | 4,019 | {
"text": [
"the association of epigenetic modification and chronic airway inflammatory diseases, and that the nasal methylome was shown to be a sensitive marker for airway inflammatory changes (Cardenas et al., 2019; Gomez, 2019) ."
],
"answer_start": [
31084
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} |
1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | What are some mitogen activated protein kinases? | false | 893 | {
"text": [
"extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)"
],
"answer_start": [
2639
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} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What theory provides partial explanation for the age-specific profile of the death rate in the 1918 swine flu pandemic? | false | 1,113 | {
"text": [
"the 1918 Virus had an intrinsically high Virulence, tem-\npered only in those patients who had been born before\n1889, e.g., because of exposure to a then-circulating Virus\ncapable of providing partial immunoprotection against the\n1918 Virus strain only in persons old enough (>35 years) to\nhave be... |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | When was COVID surveillance implemented in European region? | false | 3,793 | {
"text": [
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],
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} |
1,632 | Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli into a versatile glycosylation platform: production of bio-active quercetin glycosides
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573293/
SHA: f4cd52975e6aa33e8c947082eda9b261952b0f8f
Authors: De Bruyn, Frederik; Van Brempt, Maarten; Maertens, Jo; Van Bellegem, Wouter; Du... | What was the conclusion of this study? | false | 5,298 | {
"text": [
"Two E. coli W mutants were engineered that could effectively produce the bio-active flavonol glycosides hyperoside and quercitrin"
],
"answer_start": [
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2,554 | The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020330
SHA: 919c524f19f79213e6f81aa38502c70287d273dc
Authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi; Jung, Sung-mok; Linton, Natalie M.; Kinoshita, Ryo; Yang, Yichi; Hayashi, Katsuma; Kobayashi, Tetsuro; Yuan, Baoyin; Akhmetzhanov, Andrei ... | What is the number of inbound passengers from China? | false | 1,236 | {
"text": [
"63.1 million per year in 2017"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is the time lag between when transmission changes occur and when their impact can be
observed in trends in mortality? | false | 810 | {
"text": [
"2-3 weeks"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What do authors consider in this study? | false | 4,451 | {
"text": [
"the macromolecular determinants of hantaviruses that have been regarded as having potential contribution to pathogenicity."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,714 | Overview of the 3rd isirv-Antiviral Group Conference – advances in clinical management
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280814/
SHA: f7bb1f005066cb4930f83cde4cdc1ff3fe411def
Authors: Hurt, Aeron C; Hui, David S; Hay, Alan; Hayden, Frederick G
Date: 2014-11-15
DOI: 10.1111/irv.12293
License: cc-by
Abstr... | How many deaths were associated with MERS-CoV as of July 2014? | false | 5,321 | {
"text": [
"288"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | What are some challenges associated with using media and social media to capture information about an emerging epidemic? | false | 1,213 | {
"text": [
"the volume and diversity of the information available and the relative lack of verification mechanisms"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | What was the main finding in the study? | false | 2,256 | {
"text": [
"AP3, exhibited improved antiviral activity, drug resistance profile and pharmacological properties over T20"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What do evolutionary analyses show? | false | 3,699 | {
"text": [
"that bats and rodents are the gene sources of most αCoVs and βCoVs, while avian species are the gene sources of most δCoVs and γCoVs."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | How many people were affected as of Feb. 10, 2020? | false | 3,589 | {
"text": [
"greater than 40,000"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | When was SARS-CoV first identified? | false | 1,252 | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is MERS mostly known as? | false | 4,182 | {
"text": [
"lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,553 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How many antigens could be detected by Liew's multiplex ELISA test? | false | 3,006 | {
"text": [
"9"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Is the molecular basis of human adaptation of a virus understood? | false | 1,123 | {
"text": [
"While data bearing\non influenza Virus human cell adaptation (e.g., receptor\nbinding) are beginning to be understood at the molecular\nlevel, the basis for Viral adaptation to efficient human-to-\nhuman spread, the chief prerequisite for pandemic emer-\ngence, is unknown for any influenza Virus."
],
... |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Which may be an occupational group with significantly higher incidence of seropositivity to MERS-CoV ? | false | 4,281 | {
"text": [
"slaughterhouse workers who kill both younger and older DCs"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the median time to death in case of progressive illness? | false | 4,212 | {
"text": [
"11 to 13 days"
],
"answer_start": [
6441
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} |
1,568 | Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719735/
SHA: f2e835d2cde5f42054dbd0c20d4060721135c518
Authors: Kolawole, Olatunji; Oguntoye, Michael; Dam, Tina; Chunara, Rumi
Date: 2017-12-07
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3063-1
License:... | What was the prevalence of Coronavirus OC43 in community samples in Ilorin, Nigeria? | false | 1,604 | {
"text": [
"13.3% (95% CI 6.9-23.6%)"
],
"answer_start": [
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]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Where was the first known MERS human-to-human transmission event? | false | 4,302 | {
"text": [
"in a healthcare setting in Jordan"
],
"answer_start": [
47604
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} |
1,604 | Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/
SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0
Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya... | Does blood type play a role in the severity of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) infection? | false | 3,253 | {
"text": [
"HAdV-55 may cause severe ARDS in immunocompetent young men with blood type B"
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | How does MERS-CoV spread among people? | false | 4,205 | {
"text": [
"From intermittent animal-to-human spill-over events"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,519 | Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054964/
SHA: 77b0c98d1a2ca46b219ad090074814c387c80d8f
Authors: Chen, Weilie; Lan, Yun; Yuan, Xiaozhen; Deng, Xilong; Li, Yueping; Cai, Xiaoli; Li, Liya; He, Ruiying; Tan, Yizh... | What is the relationship between the presence of virus in anal swabs and disease severity in 2019-nCOV? | false | 1,170 | {
"text": [
"In the anal swab cohort (Figure 1 (B)), 11 of 28 cases were detected to be anal swab positive, 8 of them (72.7%) were with severe symptoms, which was significantly higher than that 4 (23.5%) of the rest 17 cases without detectable virus in anal were severe cases"
],
"answer_start": [
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2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | How many cases were there on 5 March? | false | 3,798 | {
"text": [
"4,250"
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} |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | When did we discover that SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, was a novel coronavirus? | false | 1,203 | {
"text": [
"26 January 2020"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
630 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What is the percentage of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1, when there is no intervention? | false | 277 | {
"text": [
"Without specific interventions, the rate of HIV-1 mother-tochild transmission (MTCT) is approximately 15-45%"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | What was attributed to the spread of SARS-COV at Amoy Gardens? | false | 2,982 | {
"text": [
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2,555 | Backcalculating the Incidence of Infection with COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030657
SHA: 0938d2fb07611897abf38cea727ddbeea77b73d9
Authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030657
License: cc-by
Abstract: To understand the time-dependent risk of infection on a cruise ship... | Who was the first COVID-19 identified case patient on the Diamond Princess cruise ship? | false | 1,191 | {
"text": [
"case was diagnosed on 1 February, the ship was requested to remain in the ocean near Yokohama from 3 February onwards."
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"answer_start": [
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Who suffers severe diseases from MERS? | false | 4,185 | {
"text": [
"Older males"
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1,574 | Population-Based Pertussis Incidence and Risk Factors in Infants Less Than 6 Months in Nepal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5907881/
SHA: ef821e34873d4752ecae41cd9dfc08a5e6db45e2
Authors: Hughes, Michelle M; Englund, Janet A; Kuypers, Jane; Tielsch, James M; Khatry, Subarna K; Shrestha, Laxman; LeClerq... | How frequently do pertussis outbreaks peak? | false | 2,173 | {
"text": [
"every 2 to 4 years"
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2,592 | A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
SHA: 018269476cd191365d6b8bed046078aea07c8c01
Authors: Yin, Tian-Mu Chen; Jia, Rui; Qiu-Peng, Wang; Ze-Yu, Zhao; Jing-An, Cui; Ling
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
License... | How long after onset, the cases detected in Thailand and Japan were hospitalized? | false | 2,766 | {
"text": [
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What are MicroRNAs(miRNA)? | false | 4,010 | {
"text": [
"short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional modulation of biological processes, and implicated in a number of diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
29048
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} |
1,664 | Port d’Entrée for Respiratory Infections – Does the Influenza A Virus Pave the Way for Bacteria?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742597/
SHA: ee0050c6fb81a4067d134010d0c80d21edb5df0b
Authors: Siemens, Nikolai; Oehmcke-Hecht, Sonja; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Kreikemeyer, Bernd; Valentin-Weigand, Peter; H... | What enhances the expression of type I interferon? | false | 5,178 | {
"text": [
"The subsequent infection with Gram-positive bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What additional effects are caused in patients with asthma and patients with CRS with nasal polyp ? | false | 3,945 | {
"text": [
"viral infections such as RV and RSV promote a Type 2-biased immune response (Becker, 2006; Jackson et al., 2014; Jurak et al., 2018) . This amplifies the basal type 2 inflammation resulting in a greater release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, RANTES and eotaxin and a further increase in eosinophilia, a key pat... |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How is the serum antibody response measured? | false | 1,472 | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
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2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is Austria's estimated mean percentage [95% credible interval] of total population infected as of 28th March? | false | 847 | {
"text": [
"1.1% [0.36%-3.1%]"
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"answer_start": [
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1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | Despite shortcomings, what has the filamentous phage has been useful for? | false | 1,748 | {
"text": [
"as a carrier for peptides with relatively simple secondary structures, which may be stablilized via anchoring to the coat proteins (Henry et al., 2011) . This may be especially true of peptides with poor inherent immunogenicity, which may be increased by high-valency display and phage-associated adju... |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | How many of them are pathogenic for humans? | false | 4,444 | {
"text": [
"nearly half of them"
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1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the relationship between aquaculture and spread of H5N1 like diseases? | false | 597 | {
"text": [
"extent of aquaculture is a known risk factor [10] , possibly because water bodies offer routes for transmission and persistence of the virus"
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2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What is the presumed incubation period? | false | 3,809 | {
"text": [
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1,631 | Clara Cell 10 kDa Protein Alleviates Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis by Inhibiting Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Expression
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6300492/
SHA: f0c2cd2793d71f1ea11a810442a2c06d5013e899
Authors: Yu, Haijing; Liu, Yang; Wang, Hongwu; Wan, Xiaoyang; Huang, ... | How long after MHV-3 infection were liver samples taken? | false | 5,297 | {
"text": [
"72 h"
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is a critical feature of both? | false | 4,542 | {
"text": [
"a transient (~ 1-5 days) capillary leak involving the kidney and retroperitoneal space in HFRS and the lungs in HCPS"
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1,554 | Multimodal Imaging in an Unusual Cluster of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444036/
SHA: ee3cc22161595e877450737882a52950fd179672
Authors: Gal-Or, Orly; Priel, Ethan; Rosenblatt, Irit; Shulman, Shiri; Kramer, Michal
Date: 2017-05-11
DOI: 10.1155/2017/7535320
Licen... | What precedes about half of the reported cases of MEWDS? | false | 582 | {
"text": [
"flu-like illness"
],
"answer_start": [
2345
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} |
1,730 | Architectural Insight into Inovirus-Associated Vectors (IAVs) and Development of IAV-Based Vaccines Inducing Humoral and Cellular Responses: Implications in HIV-1 Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276942/
SHA: f6e6534cb423c1823ad38d7d5c0a98c303f2efdb
Authors: Hassapis, Kyriakos A.; Stylianou, Do... | What are inovirus-associated vectors? | false | 325 | {
"text": [
"engineered, non-lytic, filamentous bacteriophages"
],
"answer_start": [
454
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} |
2,668 | 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081861/
SHA: f323af9a07cc54faf9bdbabadaacb0e8b46f99a2
Authors: Koenig, Kristi L.; Beÿ, Christian K.; McDonald, Eric C.
Date: 2020-01-31
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760
License: cc-... | When did the WHO declare COVID to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern? | false | 2,191 | {
"text": [
"January 30, 2020"
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"answer_start": [
4929
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} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | How do some respiratory viruses spread? | false | 2,979 | {
"text": [
"through fine particle aerosols"
],
"answer_start": [
5692
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What complications are associated with CHIKV? | false | 2,506 | {
"text": [
"from most common to least common, include respiratory failure, cardiovascular decompensation, meningoencephalitis, severe acute hepatitis, severe cutaneous effects, other central nervous system problems, and kidney failure"
],
"answer_start": [
7093
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is the likely way that hantaviruses arrive at their target tissues? | false | 4,545 | {
"text": [
"through uptake by regional lymph nodes, perhaps with or within an escorting lung histiocyte"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,633 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | What does angiogenesis depend on? | false | 5,305 | {
"text": [
"the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells"
],
"answer_start": [
5195
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | When does the camel calving season? | false | 4,279 | {
"text": [
"t"
],
"answer_start": [
41948
]
} |
650 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What is IFITM? | false | 568 | {
"text": [
"interferon-induced transmembrane"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
2,437 | Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640845/
SHA: 1bd2f6497996fc0fccd8dffd7f84846d3d36f964
Authors: Wang, Shaobo; Liu, Yang; Guo, Jiao; Wang, Peilin; Zhang, Leike; Xiao, Gengfu; Wang, Wei
Date: 2017-10-13
DOI: 10.1128/jv... | How many open reading frames are in the flavivirus genome? | false | 1,227 | {
"text": [
"single"
],
"answer_start": [
3359
]
} |
1,679 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794670/
SHA: f4aa788ab898b28b00ee103e4d4ab24a2c684caf
Authors: Baer, Alan; Lundberg, Lindsay; Swales, Danielle; Waybright, Nicole; Pinkham, Chelsea; Dinman, Jo... | How is Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus transmitted? | false | 933 | {
"text": [
"by mosquitoes"
],
"answer_start": [
3319
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What will happen without the adaptation of existing standards? | false | 1,932 | {
"text": [
"mitigation plans will fall short of health and human rights obligations in outbreak response"
],
"answer_start": [
5170
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What mechanisms, other than miRNA modulation play a role? | false | 4,018 | {
"text": [
"epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation"
],
"answer_start": [
30917
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What do those abnormalities sometimes culminate in? | false | 4,555 | {
"text": [
"shock and death"
],
"answer_start": [
17446
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Is there a difference in the pathologic feature and course of disease between modern influenza pandemics and the 1918 swine flu pandemic? | false | 1,114 | {
"text": [
"the 1918\npandemic was different in degree, but not in kind, from\nprevious and subsequent pandemics. Despite the extraordi-\nnary number of global deaths, most influenza cases in\n1918 (>95% in most locales in industrialized nations) were\nmild and essentially indistinguishable from influenza cases\nt... |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What does the study highlight? | false | 4,040 | {
"text": [
"a substantial circulation of multiple respiratory pathogens in Réunion Island throughout the year. I"
],
"answer_start": [
1501
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} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | What are the delays between infection to illness and illness to laboratory confirmatiion? | false | 2,972 | {
"text": [
"around 5–6 days, with an upper limit of around 11-14 days [2,5], and delays from illness onset to laboratory confirmation added a further 10 days on average"
],
"answer_start": [
1180
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What would limit the use of poxvirus vectored vaccines? | false | 1,644 | {
"text": [
"current influenza vaccination strategies rely upon regular immunization with vaccines matched to circulating strains"
],
"answer_start": [
33773
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} |
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