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0b18ba813bde7c6008baa051db2a2638c2b9d3bc
subsection
45
78
Four Main Theorems
Sincea i_2 + i_1 = (a+1) i_2 + (i_1-i_2) = (a+1)(i_2-1) + (a+1+i_1-i_2)and -(a-1) \le i_1 - i_2 \le a-1, we conclude that if (j_2,j_3) = \Psi (i_1,i_2), thenj_2= i_1-i_2 - (a+1) \left\lfloor \frac{i_1-i_2}{a}\right\rfloor , \quad j_3 = i_2 + \left\lfloor \frac{i_1-i_2}{a}\right\rfloor .Using the above, it is easy to ve...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04547371715307236, 0.020585250109434128, -0.040376998484134674, 0.01310802809894085, -0.0012942079920321703, -0.011406578123569489, 0.016846638172864914, 0.028657598420977592, 0.013222475536167622, 0.0175028033554554, -0.013863380067050457, 0.011810959316790104, -0.002138256561011076, 0...
b21d772ce2ef5a7dec772cb3595ff937fbccdb8b
subsection
46
78
A Classification When
Given the positive results in Section , it is natural to ask if it is possible to classify those ({{r}},{{x}}) such that g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) admits a geometric factorization. In this section, we prove Theorem REF , providing a first step in response to this question. We will work in the context of the following setup.Give...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.041105277836322784, 0.040128760039806366, 0.02830374427139759, 0.006255814339965582, -0.00810967106372118, 0.011535110883414745, 0.01887424848973751, 0.012374305166304111, 0.0236347708851099, 0.010665399953722954, -0.008437720127403736, -0.014945292845368385, -0.0024012408684939146, 0.0...
ccd1c88d460580afdd38d81a94b5aad2bd367852
subsection
47
78
Setup and Classification
Setup 5.1 Let {{r}}= (2, 2k-1) for some integer k \ge 2. Then {{\rho }}= (-k, 1) and {{x}}= ( (2k-1)c_1 - k, 2 c_2 + 1) for some integers c_1 \ge 1 and c_2 \ge 0. Applying Lemma REF , we have thatg_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) & = \sum _{{{i}}\in \left\langle 2k-1 \right\rangle \times \left\langle 2 \right\rangle } z^{c_1 i_1 + c_2...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.023879412561655045, 0.033751603215932846, -0.030654147267341614, 0.019286630675196648, -0.016067106276750565, 0.01774553209543228, 0.026992129161953926, 0.02532896213233471, -0.014800658449530602, 0.030684664845466614, -0.006217802409082651, 0.0060041844844818115, -0.019286630675196648, ...
3de9593cc3bffa6dd149ccee3d7c7da9e2dd7378
subsection
48
78
Setup and Classification
If c_1 \ne 2(c_2+1), then {{r}}=(2,3) and c_2 = c_1 -2, which corresponds to applying Theorem REF with a=3 to obtain {{x}}= (3c+1, 2c-1) for c \ge 2. Suppose c_1 < c_2 + 1. If c_2 + 1 = 2c_1, then either {{r}}=(2,9) and c_1=1 (so {{x}}=(4,3)), or {{r}}=(2,3) and c_1 can be any positive integer. Note that the latter ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.044003620743751526, 0.03439117968082428, -0.018965499475598335, -0.012351224198937416, -0.013137003406882286, -0.000148883176734671, 0.01637166552245617, 0.03013424016535282, 0.0027616696897894144, 0.029401864856481552, -0.021742425858974457, -0.014327114447951317, 0.008826661854982376, ...
b195b8b9ffa7c8db1cec840ab00e119af9de1fa0
subsection
49
78
Setup and Classification
For any exponent e_j of the factorization and any e \ge e_j, we have [z^{e-e_j}] f + [z^{e+e_j}] f \ge [z^{e}] f.We omit the proof for all but parts (REF ) and (REF ), as the others are straightforward exercises from the definition. For part (REF ), if z^{\mu _1 + \mu _2} does not appear in (REF ), then we must have \...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.042612023651599884, 0.02142810821533203, -0.017246270552277565, 0.010530908592045307, 0.0012514992849901319, -0.01709364727139473, 0.029898623004555702, 0.036598723381757736, -0.019184567034244537, 0.02242015115916729, -0.02251172438263893, -0.014934048987925053, -0.03079909086227417, 0...
7cbe8a89b77b2e892f0286ea2575081777921858
subsection
50
78
Setup and Classification
It then follows from Lemma REF part (REF ) that [z^{2c_1}] g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) \ge 1, contradicting with the fact that z^{2c_1} does not appear in the expression above. Therefore, we must have that c_1 \ne c_2 + 1. It is easy to verify the following: when {{r}}=(2,3), g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) has a geometric factorization (1+z)...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03488945960998535, 0.035713620483875275, -0.029074549674987793, 0.0024400490801781416, 0.013354451395571232, -0.0076807173900306225, 0.03723984211683273, 0.043863650411367416, -0.036690402776002884, 0.021886037662625313, -0.03372953087091446, -0.027746735140681267, -0.027105720713734627, ...
4c3b2f617c8d6109e32a30e32ca940123d1ae418
subsection
51
78
Setup and Classification
Hence, by Lemma REF part (REF ), we must have (\gamma _1, \gamma _2, \gamma _3)=(3,3,2). Let g_0(z) = \prod _{j=4}^p \sum _{i=0}^{\gamma _j-1} z^{i e_j} = g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z)/((1+z)(1+z+z^2)(1+z+z^2)(1+z^2)). Then g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) = (1+z+z^2)(1+z+z^2)(1+z^2) g_0(z). By comparing the coefficients of z^5 on both sides, we ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05160309746861458, 0.0204459335654974, -0.019515186548233032, -0.015029286965727806, 0.0037706727162003517, 0.013373777270317078, 0.029356699436903, 0.002241042209789157, -0.027388397604227066, 0.014754640869796276, -0.04873456060886383, -0.0036219055764377117, -0.03597874194383621, -0....
1d2921794d62ca2af389c231ee06f509bdc20729
subsection
52
78
Setup and Classification
Suppose further in our setup that if g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) has a geometric factorization, it is given as follows for some \gamma _1,\ldots ,\gamma _p\ge 2 and e_1 \le e_2 \le \dots \le e_p.g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) = \prod _{j=1}^p \sum _{i=0}^{\gamma _j-1} z^{i e_j} = \prod _{j=1}^p \left( 1 + z^{e_j} + z^{2 e_j} + \cdots z^{(\gamm...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.027904774993658066, 0.043359965085983276, -0.002746232785284519, 0.013380256481468678, -0.010695050470530987, -0.0074644130654633045, 0.026607943698763847, 0.033595580607652664, -0.022229228168725967, 0.03353455290198326, -0.007521626073867083, -0.02020006813108921, -0.01583660952746868, ...
296d50019341f695b5bb052b25ac9e1e329b0582
subsection
53
78
Setup and Classification
If z^{\mu _1 + \mu _2} does not appear in (REF ), then \mu _2 = 2 \mu _1 and \gamma _1 = 3. So (1 + z^{\mu _1} + z^{2\mu _1}) is a factor in the geometric factorization (REF ) of f(z). For any i \in \lbrace 2,3,\dots ,M\rbrace , if \mu _i cannot be written as a non-negative integer linear combination of \mu _{1}, \do...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.05817099288105965, 0.019639577716588974, -0.008545581251382828, 0.0007134034531190991, 0.0024377796798944473, -0.00533335842192173, 0.02443120628595352, 0.05093776807188988, -0.005512663163244724, 0.02035679668188095, -0.028612438589334488, -0.005745377391576767, -0.010163137689232826, ...
058073878859c878fbd943e0d1f3bcca72f3d5db
subsection
54
78
Setup and Classification
If (c_1, c_2) = (1,1), then k=2 or 5, that is, {{r}}=(2,3) or (2,9).Comparing the number of monomials in equations (REF ) and (REF ), the result follows. Assume the contrary that c_1 = c_2 + 1. Then (REF ) becomes g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) = \begin{matrix} z^0 &+ z^{c_1} &+ z^{2c_1 -1} &+ z^{3c_1 - 1} &+ \cdots + &z^{(2k-3) c_...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.033145420253276825, 0.017976658418774605, -0.0241418294608593, -0.008774684742093086, -0.008843356743454933, -0.04492638632655144, 0.024309692904353142, 0.017259424552321434, -0.03696049749851227, 0.007530968636274338, -0.021150805056095123, -0.03335906192660332, -0.02456911839544773, 0...
27c8da71efce274bb6696deee34d3298513dd5ff
subsection
55
78
Setup and Classification
Thus, \prod _{j=3}^p \sum _{i=0}^{\gamma _j-1} z^{i e_j} = g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z)/((1+z)(1+z+z^2+ \dots + z^{\gamma _2-1})) = 1 + 2 z^2 + z^3 h(z), for some polynomial h(z). Thus, by Lemma REF part (REF ) again, we conclude that e_3=e_4 = 2. However, [z^3] \left(\prod _{j =1}^4 \sum _{i=0}^{\gamma _j-1} z^{i e_j}\right) \g...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.037319280207157135, 0.008650870993733406, -0.028393777087330818, -0.0170118547976017, 0.014128230512142181, -0.012648276053369045, 0.039028093218803406, 0.026349302381277084, -0.033932164311409, -0.00047774321865290403, -0.060876499861478806, 0.003165883244946599, -0.04503945633769035, ...
7b5be0e93446122633ef8a7cd290d8eedce48ce6
subsection
56
78
Proof of Theorem
Note that Lemma REF part (REF ) provides the assertion that c_1 \ne c_2 +1. In the proof of Lemma REF part (REF ), we showed that if ({{r}}, {{x}}) = ((2,9), (4,3)), g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) has a geometric factorization. This, together with, Theorems REF , REF , and REF , provides one direction for the if and only if conditio...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04184982553124428, 0.04407815635204315, -0.0006682121311314404, -0.012606840580701828, -0.012454215437173843, -0.008783579804003239, 0.023122716695070267, 0.025915756821632385, -0.015094631351530552, 0.0213217381387949, -0.009485655464231968, -0.024618443101644516, -0.01784188486635685, ...
0f8e2ec0eb358737a4729de212db6e753a3f6821
subsection
57
78
Proof of Theorem
However, by looking at Expression (REF ), we see that the only term that could be z^{c_1+c_2 +1} is z^{2c_1 -1}. Hence, c_1 + c_2 +1 = 2c_1 -1, equivalently, c_2 = c_1 - 2. Since 2 = 2 (0 + 1) and c_1 \ne 2 (c_2 + 1), we conclude that c_1 \ge 3. Let c= c_1-1 \ge 2. Then e_1 = \mu _1 = c, e_2 =\mu _2 = c+1, \mu _3 = 2c...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.021920207887887955, 0.03596927598118782, -0.028372712433338165, 0.009213504381477833, 0.002360579092055559, -0.011524507775902748, 0.017176169902086258, 0.028906608000397682, -0.0250625628978014, 0.012523653917014599, -0.03587775304913521, -0.02388799376785755, -0.021462583914399147, 0....
8b1ab9b9fc233496ad0513306bcdacc5503fff35
subsection
58
78
Proof of Theorem
However, in this case(1+z^c) \left( 1+z^{2c} + \dots + z^{2c(\gamma _3-1)} \right) = \sum _{i=0}^{2\gamma _3 - 1} z^{i c} \, ,which is a geometric series with exponent c and of length 2 \gamma _3. Therefore, we may assume \gamma _1 \ge 3, and e_3 \ne 2c. Now notice that\prod _{i=1}^{\gamma _1-1} z^{i c} \prod _{i=1}^{\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.019242940470576286, 0.02788013592362404, -0.03644103184342384, 0.010216612368822098, 0.01764063350856304, -0.01825103536248207, 0.038150157779455185, 0.03598323091864586, -0.031191568821668625, 0.01597728580236435, -0.03387733921408653, -0.00838540494441986, -0.01909033954143524, -0.013...
c3487f8854b77acea6731f77a68b8f1980a2407f
subsection
59
78
Proof of Theorem
However, the only term in the Expression (REF ) that could be z^{2c_1} is z^{c_1+c_2}. Thus, 2c_1 = c_1 + c_2, or equivalently, c_2 = c_1. Then one sees that c_1+1=c_2+1 is the second lowest positive order in (REF ). Thus, by Lemma REF part (REF ), we have e_2 = c_1 + 1. It follows that z^{e_1+e_2} = z^{2c_1+1} has to ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.034816425293684006, 0.01963573321700096, -0.019055968150496483, 0.01568417437374592, 0.019055968150496483, -0.006091348826885223, 0.004817391280084848, 0.04015636816620827, -0.02531132847070694, 0.0428721122443676, -0.04732714965939522, -0.030102020129561424, -0.007308092899620533, -0.0...
1e66c10809807b5d2d4236bc12fff50f1aae2521
subsection
60
78
Proof of Theorem
Dividing (REF ) by (1 + z^{c_1}) givesg(z)=& \ \ \ \ 1+ z^{2c_1-1} + z^{2(2c_1-1)} + \dots + z^{(k-2)(2c_1-1)} \\ & + z^{c_1+c_2}\left( 1+ z^{2c_1-1} + z^{2(2c_1-1)} + \dots + z^{(k-2)(2c_1-1)}\right) \\ & + \frac{z^{(k-1)(2c_1-1)} + z^{c_2+1}}{z^{c_1} + 1}.Since z^{c_1}+1 is a factor of z^a + z^b if and only if a-b is...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03662258759140968, 0.03497457131743431, -0.018677519634366035, -0.00579476123675704, 0.0040971520356833935, 0.0296185165643692, 0.035798579454422, 0.016922686249017715, -0.018830113112926483, 0.01242116093635559, -0.04226857051253319, 0.012054935097694397, -0.016327569261193275, 0.01166...
24bcd88074e1f15660222d3dcc54be1a4c4cda51
subsection
61
78
Proof of Theorem
However, z^{2c_1+c_2} is neither a term in (REF ) since c_2 + 1 is not a multiple of 2c_1 -1, nor a term in (REF ) as c_2 + 1 < 2c_1 + c_2 < 2c_1 + c_2 + 1. Hence, it must appear in (). Thus, 2c_1 + c_2 = c_1 + c_2 + n(2c_1-1) for some non-negative integer n. Then c_1 = n(2c_1-1). Since c_1 > 1, we deduce that n=0 and ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03009692020714283, 0.044870659708976746, -0.037239596247673035, -0.002081373007968068, 0.026372959837317467, -0.011645005084574223, 0.015460536815226078, 0.03308829665184021, -0.020054437220096588, 0.00331951305270195, -0.03571338206529617, -0.014537177979946136, -0.00930226780474186, 0...
039c473c084634c4284e555c55cec63f5ecde878
subsection
62
78
Proof of Theorem
Express g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) asg_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) = 1 + z^{\mu _1} + z^{\mu _2} + \cdots + z^{\mu _M} \quad \text{ with $0 < \mu _1 \le \mu _2 \le \cdots \le \mu _M$.}Then by (REF ), \mu _1 = c_2+1 and \mu _2 = c_1. Hence, by Lemma REF part (REF ), e_1 = \mu _1 = c_2 +1.Suppose c_1 = 2(c_2 +1). Let c = c_2 +1. Then \mu _1 =...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.006942054722458124, 0.026349293068051338, -0.01006216462701559, -0.0018394538201391697, 0.02177211456000805, -0.005652816034853458, 0.018552832305431366, 0.027234215289354324, -0.012411783449351788, 0.0077239894308149815, -0.02132965438067913, -0.027920791879296303, -0.02764616161584854, ...
3620cc6b1243551f7ae429cbdb80db96e5d44ec4
subsection
63
78
Proof of Theorem
Since 2c+1 < 2c+2 < 3c +1, the term z^{2c+2} does not appear in Expression (REF ) of g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z). This implies that \gamma _2 = 2, that is, (1 + z^{c+1}) is a factor in the geometric factorization (REF ) of g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z). Then it follows from Lemma REF part (REF ) that \gamma _1 must be an odd number. In partic...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04306189715862274, 0.045472875237464905, -0.018173890188336372, -0.021454650908708572, 0.0130391176789999, -0.008537608198821545, 0.0230111051350832, 0.023362070322036743, -0.039643801748752594, 0.0162664707750082, -0.03201412409543991, -0.004055173136293888, -0.020706942304968834, 0.00...
c9fadfbad0218b3a8100ab25637845c979900486
subsection
64
78
Proof of Theorem
Now notice that\prod _{i=1}^{\gamma _1-1} z^{i c} \prod _{i=1}^{\gamma _2-1} z^{i (2c-1)} = 1 + z^c + z^{2c-1} + z^{2c} + z^{3c-1} + z^{4c-1} + z^{3c} h(z) \, ,for some polynomial h(z), and we have previously seen that [z^{3c-1}]g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) = 2. Thus, we must have that e_3 = 3c-1. However, this implies that z^{4c-...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.020314360037446022, 0.04801575839519501, -0.03516475111246109, 0.006726937368512154, 0.016147702932357788, -0.02394682914018631, 0.037301499396562576, 0.02576306462287903, -0.034096378833055496, 0.037911996245384216, -0.029380271211266518, -0.019764909520745277, -0.023778941482305527, -...
fa3f3f18dfa03f24029fb08644ac885ec41547ef
subsection
65
78
Proof of Theorem
It follows that z^{e_1+e_2} = z^{2c_1+1} has to appear in g_{{r}}^{{x}}(z). However, the only term that could be z^{2c_1+1} is z^{3c_1-1}, which implies that c_1 = 2. (So e_1 = c_2 = c_1 = 2.) Then (REF ) becomesg_{{r}}^{{x}}(z) = \begin{matrix} z^0 &+ z^{2} &+ z^{3} &+ z^{5} &+ \cdots + &z^{3k-4} &+ z^{3k-3} + \\ z^{3...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.02633250690996647, 0.02190815843641758, -0.01931457407772541, 0.009207223542034626, 0.011777923442423344, -0.0024047864135354757, 0.03298428654670715, 0.027659812942147255, -0.03545582294464111, 0.02848365716636181, -0.05443475395441055, -0.008070623502135277, -0.03688992187380791, -0.0...
aa907717ce6c509d2f8b09725e5ab38b0796b0c2
subsection
66
78
Proof of Theorem
Therefore, it is left to show that it is impossible to have m \ne 0, which we prove by contradiction.Suppose m > 0. Then the part () of g(z) becomesz^{(k-1)(2c_1-1)}\left( 1-z^{c_1} + z^{2c_1} - \dots - z^{(2m-1)c_1} + z^{2mc_1} \right).As m > 0, we see that the summand - z^{(k-1)(2c_1-1) + c_1} with a negative coeffic...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04049775004386902, 0.03900235518813133, -0.03411943092942238, -0.014694549143314362, 0.02421625144779682, 0.008720597252249718, 0.018448296934366226, 0.011360427364706993, -0.015701651573181152, 0.0073320153169333935, -0.051392775028944016, 0.0009522655163891613, -0.01015495602041483, -...
9edff85bcd2b7095851185733f7db0491aef1d72
subsection
67
78
Proof of Theorem
If a term in (REF ) has the desired power, then we get that c_1 + c_2 + 1 is a multiple of 2c_1-1 as well, which implies that c_1 = (c_1+c_2+1)-(c_2+1) is a multiple of 2c_1 -1. It then follows that c_1 = 1. Now we assume m^{\prime } = 0. Then 2m+1=-(2m^{\prime }+1)=-1, and we have c_2 + 1 = (k-1)(2c_1-1) -c_1. Thus, c...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03621834143996239, 0.05229843035340309, -0.024837179109454155, -0.008627410046756268, 0.01259403582662344, -0.029032647609710693, 0.03423503041267395, 0.02707984670996666, -0.022960659116506577, -0.0024543495383113623, -0.02723241038620472, -0.007963763549923897, -0.006190224085003138, ...
b1f2d6e047d78a3f613a19b5fefa5dfbae2ba907
subsection
68
78
Conjectures and Questions
In this concluding section, we present a variety of conjectures and questions based on experimental evidence.In this concluding section, we present a variety of conjectures and questions based on experimental evidence.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.00812362041324377, 0.02427169866859913, 0.0019374643452465534, 0.01624724082648754, -0.03627787530422211, -0.03868826478719711, -0.0039283232763409615, 0.005697975866496563, 0.025476893410086632, -0.01682695373892784, -0.025049734860658646, 0.02556842751801014, -0.0385357066988945, 0.02...
b9628385baa6c259c930fe025c146f93cf1e056e
subsection
69
78
Classifying Kronecker
In an exhaustive search of all {{q}} supported on {{r}}=(r_1,r_2) with R-multiplicity {{x}}=(x_1,x_2) where 1\le r_i\le 40 and 1\le x_i\le 100, the only {{q}}=({{r}},{{x}}) corresponding to Kronecker h^*(\Delta _{(1,{{q}})};z) that are not covered by our results in Section  are given in Table REF . Based on these exper...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04181727021932602, 0.0290584247559309, -0.03375905007123947, -0.013651659712195396, -0.015673846006393433, 0.012049173004925251, 0.05491187423467636, 0.039039626717567444, -0.007646150421351194, -0.018115729093551636, -0.0011226944625377655, -0.008958662860095501, 0.0006386099848896265, ...
675bcfec5d731682b3a4f3e3e278ac1997b5853c
subsection
70
78
Classifying Kronecker
For each vector {{r}}=(r_1,r_2) that is not of the form (a,ka-1), there are only finitely many {{x}} such that {{q}}=({{r}},{{x}}) has a Kronecker h^*(\Delta _{(1,{{q}})};z).Question 6.2 Is it true that when {{q}}=({{r}},{{x}}) is supported on two integers, g_{{{r}}}^{{{x}}}(z) is a geometric series in powers of z if a...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03646831959486008, 0.030837854370474815, 0.0035610017366707325, -0.04345680773258209, -0.03427106514573097, -0.02319324016571045, 0.05279513821005821, 0.017669586464762688, -0.03198225796222687, -0.03332502394914627, 0.016677770763635635, -0.017028721049427986, 0.024413937702775, -0.003...
7406c773e58c0b7b9a4bed912808b6fc83bc8ead
subsection
71
78
Do Geometric Factorizations Classify Most Kronecker
The {{q}}-vector given by ({{r}},{{x}})=((5,7), (25,7)) has a Kronecker h^*-polynomial that does not factor into geometric series in powers of z, but it is the only known {{q}}-vector with this property. Given Theorem REF and this experimental evidence, we make the following conjecture.Conjecture 6.3 For all but finit...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.02180233784019947, 0.03289422020316124, -0.023862041532993317, -0.03484712541103363, -0.023038160055875778, 0.004775459412485361, 0.021649766713380814, 0.03762390837073326, -0.02073434367775917, -0.013838153332471848, -0.0004732072411570698, 0.02050548791885376, -0.024228209629654884, 0...
15c100e716641ddb290ef976d8741f09da19d3a5
subsection
72
78
A Fibonacci Phenomenon
The appearance of ((5,13),(5,13)) and ((13,34),(13,34)) in Table REF suggests a more general phenomenon involving Fibonacci numbers. Let a_0=1, a_1=2, and define a_n=3a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}. Thus, the values a_n correspond to “every other” Fibonacci number. The following conjecture has been verified for n\le 7.Conjecture 6.4 ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.037900980561971664, 0.002136126160621643, -0.036924466490745544, 0.0022391178645193577, -0.011992822401225567, 0.01591413840651512, 0.026625284925103188, 0.05047360807657242, -0.01090187206864357, 0.01292356289923191, -0.0348188541829586, -0.000008463445738016162, -0.007278086617588997, ...
d14e8b9bb902558244a07f98c7128ddaa89b0d5f
subsection
73
78
A Fibonacci Phenomenon
The result follows from Theorem REF .The fact that \ell =3 for all n establishes that (1+z+z^2) is a factor of the h^*-polynomial in this case, and thus one expects that g_{(a_{n+1},a_n)}^{(a_{n+1},a_n)}(z) factors as a product of two geometric series. However, the behavior of u(\alpha ({{i}})) is quite subtle, in the ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_12", "end": 909, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2126209209", "raw": "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, published electronically at https://oeis.org.", "source_ref_id": "6acff89c82f2047bfce...
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03667616471648216, -0.014996951445937157, -0.052969902753829956, 0.0003883207100443542, -0.004885832779109478, -0.012555941939353943, 0.018566926941275597, 0.03200773522257805, -0.00976403709501028, 0.008535904809832573, -0.03676770254969597, 0.046409688889980316, -0.028117375448346138, ...
d60b5a84f34200c9922c1833da6c819b9917c119
subsection
74
78
A Fibonacci Phenomenon
Theng_{(a_{n+1},a_{n})}^{(a_{n+1},a_{n})}(z)=\left( \sum _{i=0}^{a_n-1}z^i\right)\left( \sum _{i=0}^{a_{n+1}-1}z^i\right) \, .There are several unique aspects of Conjecture REF that distinguish it from the theorems where {{r}}=(a,ka-1). First, in the factorizations found in the {{r}}=(a,ka-1) setting, the {{r}}-vector ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04280557855963707, 0.011090397834777832, -0.026909850537776947, 0.0146905817091465, -0.009442855603992939, 0.026803065091371536, 0.017558524385094643, 0.04851095378398895, -0.0059456429444253445, 0.009961525909602642, -0.03076937049627304, 0.006559657398611307, -0.031486354768276215, 0....
1abc87361dce22b9bbb81cd8832850c4f87eaa17
subsection
75
78
A Fibonacci Phenomenon
For {{i}}=(i_1,i_2)\in \left\langle a_n \right\rangle \times \left\langle a_{n+1} \right\rangle , definev({{i}}):=a_{n-1}(a_n(i_1-i_2)\bmod a_{n+1})-a_n(a_{n-1}(i_1-i_2)\bmod a_n) \, ,so that u(\alpha ({{i}}))=3i_1+v({{i}}). Thus, for all (i_1,i_2), we havev(i_1,i_2)=v(i_1+1,i_2+1) \, ,and henceu(\alpha (i_1+1,i_2+1))=...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_12", "end": 572, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2126209209", "raw": "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, published electronically at https://oeis.org.", "source_ref_id": "6acff89c82f2047bfce...
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.01830921694636345, -0.01017687376588583, -0.05471404641866684, 0.004981632810086012, 0.015562835149466991, 0.014410880394279957, -0.02297806739807129, 0.019117875024676323, 0.05270003154873848, -0.004466686397790909, -0.03960894048213959, 0.016081595793366432, -0.04732932895421982, 0.02...
98771dea22b7cbf02e8b474e4a2f85f7998b0453
subsection
76
78
On Ehrhart Positivity
We conjecture that independent of the reflexivity condition, all \Delta _{(1,{{q}})} with {{q}} supported by two integers are Ehrhart positive.Conjecture 6.7 All \Delta _{(1,{{q}})} with {{q}} supported on two integers are Ehrhart positive.Conjecture REF has been verified for all {{q}}=({{r}},{{x}}) with 1\le r_i\le 1...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03409446403384209, -0.0007721427245996892, -0.008515985682606697, -0.005967294331640005, -0.01814606972038746, -0.027104642242193222, 0.031225280836224556, 0.031530510634183884, 0.02385391667485237, -0.019916417077183723, -0.018970197066664696, 0.0127281928434968, -0.01735246554017067, ...
bc0af398d209b2392cd2ee1634fa3ef97b3aa7d4
subsection
77
78
Properties of Factorizations
Our main approach in this paper has been to study factorizations of g_{{{r}}}^{{{x}}}(z) into geometric series in powers of z. However, as Remark REF shows, it is possible for h^*(\Delta _{(1,{{q}})};z) to have a geometric factorization for {{q}}=({{r}},{{x}}), yet for g_{{{r}}}^{{{x}}}(z) to not have such a factorizat...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1807.00105
$h^*$-Polynomials With Roots on the Unit Circle
[ "Benjamin Braun", "Fu Liu" ]
[ "math.CO", "math.NT" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.008443450555205345, 0.03325514495372772, -0.026039693504571915, -0.018458131700754166, -0.03655014932155609, -0.017466578632593155, 0.05732698738574982, 0.022302303463220596, -0.0025112973526120186, -0.003989092074334621, 0.010510456748306751, 0.022729434072971344, -0.030616089701652527, ...
cac52b8d8d8192809b2957fd9873446d67bfe8ce
abstract
0
13
Abstract
In simulations, probabilistic algorithms and statistical tests, we often generate random integers in an interval (e.g., [0,s)). For example, random integers in an interval are essential to the Fisher-Yates random shuffle. Consequently, popular languages like Java, Python, C++, Swift and Go include ranged random integer...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.029107676818966866, 0.006987062748521566, -0.02186126820743084, 0.03737621009349823, 0.012967255897819996, -0.0035202286671847105, -0.007955793291330338, 0.012624005787074566, 0.010152598842978477, -0.0260260459035635, -0.03908483684062958, 0.017177799716591835, -0.03740672022104263, -0...
4c65d4cd309c6ea788e35d63d48b029126b4ef1b
subsection
1
13
Introduction
There are many efficient techniques to generate high-quality pseudo-random numbers such as Mersenne Twister , Xorshift , , linear congruential generators , , , , and so forth , . Many pseudo-random number generators produce 32-bit or 64-bit words that can be interpreted as integers in [0,2^{32}) and [0,2^{64}) respect...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 179, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura. 1998. Mersenne Twister: A 623-dimensionally Equidistributed Uniform Pseudo-random Number Generator. ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. 8, 1 (Jan. 1998), 3–30. ht...
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.03167278319597244, 0.009665081277489662, -0.04174216464161873, 0.036860041320323944, 0.017926551401615143, -0.04216935113072395, 0.000046425477194134146, -0.02747720666229725, 0.009260780178010464, 0.039636749774217606, -0.04595299810171127, 0.017804497852921486, -0.04866867884993553, 0...
f8c2b276b01d9cf2410805d98a6abfb8000e1e77
subsection
2
13
Introduction
With 64-bit registers, the latency ranges from 35 to 88 cycles, with longer running times for small values of s. Another biased but common approach consists in using a fixed-point floating-point representation consisting of the following step: we convert the random word to a floating-point number in the interval [0,1...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1114, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Agner Fog. 2016. Instruction tables: Lists of instruction latencies, throughputs and micro-operation breakdowns for Intel, AMD and VIA CPUs. Technical Report. Copenhagen University College of Engin...
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.010187572799623013, 0.0011236855061724782, -0.01948993280529976, 0.04679415374994278, 0.013819996267557144, 0.021092472597956657, 0.025228550657629967, -0.0003305237914901227, 0.01704796776175499, 0.02191663533449173, -0.03186764195561409, 0.05115916579961777, 0.0023866393603384495, 0.0...
d5a27d33a7b41cc513e1bf9826ff12eb31d184a2
subsection
3
13
Mathematical Notation
We let \lfloor x \rfloor be the largest integer smaller than or equal to x, we let \lceil x \rceil be the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. We let x \div y be the integer division of x by y, defined as \lfloor x / y \rfloor . We define the remainder of the division of x by y as x \bmod y: x \bmod y \equiv x ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.02761135622859001, 0.016194388270378113, -0.02379552461206913, 0.011928289197385311, -0.01701860874891281, 0.02599344402551651, 0.021078653633594513, -0.03934885561466217, 0.01881968043744564, -0.0005370783037506044, -0.018804417923092842, 0.03063349612057209, -0.03168666362762451, 0.02...
af2b0a613722349bba52d559db2bec2b02ce05de
subsection
4
13
Existing Unbiased Techniques Found in Common Software Libraries
Assume that we have a source of uniformly-distributed L-bit random numbers, i.e., integers in [0,2^L). From such a source of random numbers, we want to produce a uniformly-distributed random integer y in [0,s) for some integer s \in [1,2^L]. That is all integers from the interval are equally likely: P(y = z) = 1/s for ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 657, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "John Von Neumann. 1951. Various techniques used in connection with random digits. National Bureau of Standards Series 12 (1951), 36–38.", "source_ref_id": "0fc5db1d7f61fee6dee0c8af4bf50cea84ae...
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.03152951970696449, 0.05216258391737938, -0.004399024415761232, 0.028858819976449013, 0.0006853206432424486, -0.019686874002218246, 0.014955919235944748, -0.04221231862902641, 0.009751870296895504, 0.017031434923410416, -0.03561950474977493, 0.017153523862361908, 0.003561569144949317, 0....
7970ed9d26e6f2572202a5035ef6ef354f274123
subsection
5
13
The OpenBSD Algorithm
The C standard library in OpenBSD and macOS have an arc4random_uniform function to generate unbiased random integers in an interval [0,s). See Algorithm REF . The Go language (e.g., version 1.9) has adopted the same algorithm for its Int63n and Int31n functions, with minor implementation differences . The GNU C++ stand...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 302, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "The Go authors 2017. Package rand implements pseudo-random number generators. https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/math/rand/rand.go [last checked October 2017]. (2017).", "source_ref_...
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.03243590146303177, 0.03432774171233177, -0.016172179952263832, 0.014204056933522224, 0.006854105740785599, -0.012121506966650486, -0.013166596181690693, -0.030513547360897064, -0.004962265491485596, 0.0037131174467504025, -0.05907422676682472, 0.022610539570450783, -0.007338508032262325, ...
a29e219e63def38a34ba0078d74eccc4b5d89891
subsection
6
13
The Java Approach
It is unfortunate that Algorithm REF always requires the computation of two remainders, especially because we anticipate such computations to have high latency. The first remainder is used to determine whether a rejection is necessary (x< (2^L-s) \bmod s), and the second remainder is used to generate the value in [0, s...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
[ -0.04221609607338905, 0.009035403840243816, -0.017078746110200882, 0.031196564435958862, -0.015476182103157043, 0.007299294229596853, 0.04435284435749054, -0.03449326753616333, -0.007703750394284725, -0.009851948358118534, -0.06318677961826324, 0.021108048036694527, -0.026694124564528465, ...
b7cd7d3e2caae2f223faf5b34789187c0b59c62a
subsection
7
13
Avoiding Division
Though arbitrary integer divisions are relatively expensive on common processors, bit shifts are less expensive, often requiring just one cycle. When working with unsigned integers, a bit shift is equivalent to a division by a power of two. Thus we can compute x \div 2^k quickly for any power of two 2^k. Similarly, we ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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ae3e4f88c8d22eeec387154e9231f764e923f77f
subsection
8
13
Avoiding Division
It generates unbiased random integers in [0, s) for any integer s\in (0, 2^L).[t] [1] source of uniformly-distributed random integers in [0,2^L) target interval [0,s) with s \in [0,2^L) x\leftarrow random integer in [0,2^L) m\leftarrow x \times s l\leftarrow m \bmod 2^L [Application of the rejection method] l <s t \lef...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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830f554e74e6878063ae1008aafd0bcd779f9710
subsection
9
13
Experiments
We implemented our software in C++ on a Linux server with an Intel (Skylake) i7-6700 processor running at 3.4GHz. This processor has 32kB of L1 data cache, 256kB of L2 cache per core with 8MB of L3 cache, and 32GB of RAM (DDR4 2133, double-channel). We use the GNU GCC 5.4 compilers with the “-O3 -march=native” flags. T...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1090/s0025-5718-99-00996-5", "end": 874, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2111849286", "raw": "Pierre L'Ecuyer. 1999. Tables of linear congruential generators of different sizes and good lattice structure. Mathematics of Computation...
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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e9bfedecb81520c5e11e74d732027f82dbc13eea
subsection
10
13
Experiments
Using Linux perf, we estimated the number of cache misses to shuffle an array containing 100 million integers and found that the OpenBSD approach generates about 50% more cache misses than our approach. [Figure: Ratio of the timings of the OpenBSD-like approach and of our approach.][Figure: Wall-clock time in nanosecon...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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e4d98e9cb040c84ec85c0f1d9504a02403208631
subsection
11
13
Conclusion
We find that the algorithm often used in OpenBSD and macOS (through the arc4random_uniform function) requires two divisions per random number generation. It is also the slowest in our tests. The Java approach that often requires only one division, can be faster. We believe that it should be preferred to the OpenBSD alg...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1109/t-c.1971.223205", "end": 619, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1976284552", "raw": "Josh Bleecher Snyder. 2017. math/rand: add Shuffle. https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/51891 [last checked October 2017]. (2017).", ...
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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e040d812d4dea6edadec34c244889286833c17c0
subsection
12
13
Code Samples
// returns value in [0,s) // random64 is a function returning random 64-bit words uint64t openbsd(uint64t s, uint64t (*random64)(void)) uint64t t = (-s) uint64t x; do x = random64(); while (x < t); return x uint64t java(uint64t s, uint64t (*random64)(void)) uint64t x = random64(); uint64t r = x while (x - r > UINT...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1145/3230636
1805.10941
Fast Random Integer Generation in an Interval
[ "Daniel Lemire" ]
[ "cs.DS" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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83f4aaa6107e06b230207d304a2b8e8d9c91018e
abstract
0
80
Abstract
We study the time dynamics of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias $\epsilon$ and small coupling $\alpha$ to the bosonic bath. Using perturbation theory and the real-time renormalization group (RG) method we present a consistent zero-temperature weak-coupling expansion for the time evolution of the reduced dens...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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2c0e7ebc4edb8b6ca954e87c9356600e1e109ac5
subsection
1
80
Introduction
The study of the dynamics of two-state quantum systems coupled weakly to a dissipative bath is a fundamental problem of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics that has become of increasing importance due to possible future technological applications in quantum information processing. To realize scalable and fault-toleran...
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10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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f4cb6278da687e767146d0c9da7165f2ace5035c
subsection
2
80
Introduction
The case \Gamma _i=0 is exceptional and occurs only for systems with quantum critical points, where the scaling behavior is not cut off by any decay rate. For the ohmic spin boson model there are three modes of a purely decaying mode z_0=-i\Gamma and two oscillating modes with z_\pm =\pm \Omega -i\Gamma /2. This form a...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.2307/1311860", "end": 1636, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2530995345", "raw": "L. van Hove, Physica 21, 517 (1955); D. Loss, Physica A 139, 505 (1986).", "source_ref_id": "c3b99987b3da15081fb09bc292c0cee446dd2f95", "s...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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cb2094a844dbdb8019515b6c2188bceb48e2f496
subsection
3
80
Introduction
Furthermore, we will calculate all terms of the time evolution for an arbitrary initial state of the local system, whereas in Ref. divincenzoloss05 only the time evolution of the Pauli matrix in z-direction has been calculated for an initial state without any spin in x- and y- direction.Besides secular terms proportion...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 2742, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A.J. Leggett, S. Chakravarty, T.A. Dorsey, M.P.A. Fisher, A. Garg, and W. Zwerger, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1 (1987).", "source_ref_id": "c23ab74cf76ec9d3bef89e71e0bd211e2c5eb7d3", "start": ...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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f508346d27054b881c970db4f2c5c883af94e558
subsection
4
80
Introduction
For the most important regime of times which are not exponentially small or large, where |\alpha \ln (\Omega t)|\ll 1, we will show in this paper that the logarithmic terms at high energies can be incorporated into a renormalized tunneling \tilde{\Delta }=\Delta (\Omega /D)^\alpha , where \Omega =\sqrt{\epsilon ^2+\til...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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79637c25edea7cc445ac13755ef46ebdd60a6970
subsection
5
80
Introduction
In these cases a non-perturbative resummation is also necessary for the logarithmic terms at low energies to determine the first correction to Bloch-Redfield consistently. The only available method up to date to achieve such a resummation is the RTRG method , , , , which can account simultaneously for logarithmic terms...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 463, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "H. Schoeller, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 168, 179 (2009).", "source_ref_id": "0dae0422b0c362aee37eca69b21b203ccbc1c56b", "start": 172 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.10...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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654e30f131b05a82375d8393d1d08029fcaf4fe5
subsection
6
80
Introduction
In Section REF we set up the RG equations for the ohmic spin boson model and show in Sections REF and REF how the propagator has to be changed to account for all logarithmic renormalizations from high energies. The numerical solution of the RG equations containing also all logarithmic renormalizations at low energies w...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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f7538566ce02ce213b6ee631d0fba470b71131e1
subsection
7
80
Model, kinetic equation and Liouvillian
In this Section we introduce the model under consideration and set up the kinetic equation to determine the time dynamics of the local reduced density matrix. In addition we provide the perturbative solution for the effective Liouvillian in Fourier space. This form is very helpful to understand the proper analytical co...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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109cc84e7cf3b53b212de690e3c2495b6c4346b3
subsection
8
80
Model
The Hamiltonian for the spin boson model consists of a local 2-level system (described by Pauli matrices \sigma _i) coupled linearly to a bosonic bath with energy modes \omega _q>0H_{\text{tot}}\,&=\,H\,+\,H_{\text{bath}}\,+\,V\quad ,\\ H\,&=\,{\epsilon \over 2}\sigma _z\,-\,{\Delta \over 2}\sigma _x\quad ,\\ H_{\tex...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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2ddcb4362b09413a02bf9c5dbdd268aa34023278
subsection
9
80
Model
The ohmic spin boson model in weak coupling is defined by the condition \alpha \ll 1 such that a perturbative expansion in \alpha makes sense.Since we will also work in a basis where the local Hamiltonian H is diagonal we introduce the unitary transformationU\,=\,U^\dagger \,=\,U^{-1}\,=\,{1\over \sqrt{2\Omega _0}} \le...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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c5fe4978fb4948ba0461cd010075ae0303a0ef91
subsection
10
80
Kinetic equation
We aim at calculating the time dynamics of the reduced density matrix of the local system\rho (t)\,=\,Tr_{\text{bath}}\rho _{\text{tot}}(t)with an initial state for the total density matrix\rho _\text{tot}(t=0)\,=\,\rho _0\rho _\text{bath}^{\text{eq}}factorizing into an arbitrary initial state \rho _0=\rho (t=0) for th...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 822, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "H. Mori, Progress of Theoretical Physics 33, 423 (1965); H. Grabert, Projection Operator Techniques in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, 1st ed., Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol. 95 (Spri...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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b1793b9c10acf604a85321af74224d22f8e78540
subsection
11
80
Kinetic equation
From these properties one can show the conservation of probability Tr\dot{\rho }(t)=0 and the hermiticity of the density matrix \rho (t)^\dagger =\rho (t) , .Once L(E) is known, the time dynamics can be calculated from inverse Fourier transform as\rho (t)\,=\,{i\over 2\pi }\int _{\cal {C}} dE {e^{-iEt}\over E-L(E)}\rho...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 158, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "H. Schoeller, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 168, 179 (2009).", "source_ref_id": "0dae0422b0c362aee37eca69b21b203ccbc1c56b", "start": 0 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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6cf8d86b9a843be1435c49ee421eb4aa8749802a
subsection
12
80
Kinetic equation
Thus, -\gamma _i(-E^*)^* must be also an eigenvalue of L(E), leading to\gamma _{\text{st}}\,&=\,0\quad ,\\ \gamma _0(E)\,&=\,-\gamma _0(-E^*)^*\quad ,\\ \gamma _+(E)\,&=\,-\gamma _-(-E^*)^*\quad .As a consequence, the pole z_0 is purely imaginary and z_+=-z_-^*, in accordance with (REF ).Using the diagrammatic techni...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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3b8e7e832dc08f6d1a3989b26ae07c96b6be7298
subsection
13
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
With the help of the diagrammatic technique used in Ref. kashubaschoeller13 for the ohmic spin model at zero bias, we calculate the Liouvillian up to O(\alpha ) in Appendix .
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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0b57eea6e510c2a7344e50809018ac0e4b39903d
subsection
14
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
Denoting the two states of the local system by i=1,2 (corresponding to the original Hamiltonian H in ()) and using the sequence (11,22,12,21) to numerate the matrix elements of superoperators, we find:L(E)\,&=\,L_0 + \Sigma _a(E) + \Sigma _s = L_a(E) + \Sigma _s\quad ,\\ L_0\,&=\,\left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \Delta \ta...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.012805603444576263, 0.020727068185806274, -0.03287636488676071, -0.00755133805796504, 0.01127931009978056, -0.007726861629635096, 0.020925486460328102, 0.03171638399362564, 0.014270845800638199, 0.04517829045653343, -0.030678503215312958, 0.02648119442164898, 0.013950323686003685, -0.00...
c0ab1348f30b7053f2d647aa04fb3d56103f3ed9
subsection
15
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
The eigenvalues of L(E) and \tilde{L}_\Delta (E) are different but the relation (note that \Sigma _s L_a=0){1\over E-L(E)}\,&=\,{1\over E-L_a(E)}(1+\Sigma _s{1\over E})\\ &=\,{1\over E-\tilde{L}_\Delta (E)}Z^{\prime }(E)(1+\Sigma _s{1\over E})\quad ,shows that the poles of the two resolvents 1/(E-L(E)) and 1/(E-\tilde...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.020686330273747444, 0.03569765016436577, -0.02688002586364746, 0.011197468265891075, 0.015346938744187355, -0.0016990709118545055, 0.010350793600082397, 0.012578082270920277, 0.016887735575437546, 0.024866312742233276, -0.01244841143488884, 0.04555264487862587, -0.013752749189734459, -0...
2871afa500a6255105f3e4bd276977459d00ebca
subsection
16
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
They appear directly in the effective Liouvillian L(E) and have to be distinguished from secular terms appearing by expanding the resolvent 1/(E-L_0-\Sigma (E)) in \Sigma (E). The resummation of the latter are responsible to obtain the correct exponential behavior of the leading order Bloch-Redfield terms for the time ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.021859021857380867, 0.017130274325609207, -0.015437076799571514, -0.007783368229866028, 0.012851518578827381, -0.026740312576293945, 0.006952023599296808, -0.0042444332502782345, -0.013843030668795109, 0.01606249250471592, -0.04460277780890465, 0.028052158653736115, -0.028433509171009064,...
0eb42f0571710ad110287c38a7f1ab4c5d171d01
subsection
17
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
Using z_0\sim O(\alpha ) and z_\pm =\pm \Omega _0+O(\alpha ), this means that for |E-z_0|\sim \alpha ^n\Omega _0 (with some integer n>0) we can replace \lambda _0(E) by\lambda _0(E)\,\approx \,-\alpha {\Delta ^2\over \Omega _0}\sum _{\sigma =\pm }\sigma \ln {-i(-\sigma \Omega _0)\over D} \,=\,-i\Gamma _1\quad ,with\Gam...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0259831752628088, 0.041957564651966095, -0.019224192947149277, -0.03191826120018959, 0.0020349419210106134, -0.01412062719464302, 0.01806463859975338, -0.0011862547835335135, 0.008002451620995998, 0.014898749068379402, -0.03117065504193306, 0.024548988789319992, -0.014799577184021473, 0...
abe96005a6adcd508edb2dd14c754ae6ea9726d1
subsection
18
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
(REF ). Furthermore, we note, that besides the logarithmic terms there can be other regular terms \sim \alpha ^n which depend on the specific high-energy cutoff function under consideration. The logarithmic terms however are universal, i.e. do not depend on the specific form of the high-energy cutoff function. This wil...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.031019650399684906, 0.025313133373856544, -0.00769388023763895, -0.005458573345094919, 0.01949981041252613, -0.03332361951470375, 0.002157109323889017, -0.021300261840224266, 0.01684490591287613, 0.039701491594314575, -0.02607603557407856, 0.03878600522875786, -0.015143631026148796, 0.0...
afe281f776b0163ea07bfffefb7f4aa93c01743b
subsection
19
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
To approximate the \omega -dependence of R_a(E+\omega ), we exhibit the logarithmic parts by using the decomposition (REF ) and use the spectral decomposition (REF -) of \tilde{L}_\Delta (E)R(E+\omega )\,&=\,{1\over E+\omega -\tilde{L}_\Delta (E+\omega )}Z^{\prime }(E+\omega )\\ &\hspace{-28.45274pt} =\,\sum _i {1\ove...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1567, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "H. Schoeller, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 168, 179 (2009).", "source_ref_id": "0dae0422b0c362aee37eca69b21b203ccbc1c56b", "start": 1491 }, { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10....
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.004353181924670935, 0.031590137630701065, -0.016298679634928703, -0.016466550529003143, 0.012277422472834587, -0.006356179714202881, 0.030964437872171402, 0.0056198397651314735, 0.04526393488049507, 0.023456057533621788, -0.02652350626885891, 0.02064804546535015, -0.0018713722238317132, ...
57142abd45c59e313bd4c5dd14a91a4d66a6ce8e
subsection
20
80
Liouvillian in perturbation theory
Closing the integration contour in the upper half and noting that R_a(E+\omega ) is an analytic function there and \gamma _a(E) has non-analytic features only on the imaginary axis, we find the result\Sigma (E)\,&=\,i\int _0^\infty dx \Big \lbrace \gamma _a(ix+0^+)-\gamma _a(ix-0^+)\Big \rbrace \cdot \\ & \hspace{56.9...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03750788792967796, -0.017060138285160065, 0.016968579962849617, 0.015045881271362305, 0.01739584654569626, -0.04736553505063057, 0.0015850821509957314, 0.026734670624136925, 0.012924809008836746, 0.011604861356317997, -0.012810362502932549, -0.0002615576086100191, 0.00098233122844249, -...
dd90635f90f2812f635bc4259a696883efef087c
subsection
21
80
Liouvillian in renormalized perturbation theory
In Section  we will show how the propagator 1/(E-L(E)) has to be slightly modified to account for all logarithmic renormalizations from high energies. There are two different kinds of logarithmic terms, one involving powers of \alpha \ln (D/\Omega ) (which can be resummed in the renormalized tunneling ()), the other co...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.017763985320925713, 0.03186529502272606, 0.00006420416320906952, 0.004261677619069815, -0.00456690089777112, -0.03574162721633911, -0.015505334362387657, 0.03967900574207306, -0.03217051550745964, 0.00014331178681459278, -0.03638259693980217, 0.031315892934799194, -0.04126616567373276, ...
7e0d325af3d8680db5804410198fa44f606912cf
subsection
22
80
Liouvillian in renormalized perturbation theory
In Section REF we will show that in this regime the propagator can be written as{1\over E-L(E)}\,&\approx \,{1\over E-\tilde{L}_a(E)}Z^\prime (1+\Sigma _s{1\over E})\quad ,withZ^\prime \,&=\, \left(\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & Z \end{array}\right)\quad ,\quad Z\,=\,{\tilde{\Delta }^2\over \Delta ^2}\\ \tilde{L}_a(E)...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.047167371958494186, 0.013027469627559185, 0.011029110290110111, -0.028144827112555504, 0.01909882016479969, 0.0017066138098016381, 0.00046931879478506744, 0.05900498107075691, -0.009625683538615704, 0.03438397869467735, -0.06669332087039948, 0.0419502817094326, -0.029395706951618195, -0...
1a257639eb4127374791c125b858ab82870bb6c4
subsection
23
80
Liouvillian in renormalized perturbation theory
In Section  we will see that Z can be obtained from a poor man scaling equation for Z(E)=(-iE/D)^{2\alpha } cut off at E=i\Omega . Our result shows that renormalized perturbation theory is not obtained by just replacing \Delta \rightarrow \tilde{\Delta } defining a local system with a renormalized tunneling. Instead, t...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.047288112342357635, 0.03722032159566879, -0.01563558541238308, -0.0218745656311512, 0.014239823445677757, -0.03365083038806915, 0.03526778146624565, 0.011661859229207039, -0.010144063271582127, 0.024666089564561844, -0.04344404861330986, 0.01928134635090828, -0.03517625480890274, 0.0323...
3c62308a763cd177748bba64170bfd879cc8938e
subsection
24
80
Liouvillian in renormalized perturbation theory
Thus, for the spin boson model at finite bias, the systematic calculation of corrections to Bloch-Redfield is quite subtle and requires an analysis of higher-order terms beyond O(\alpha ) for the Liouvillian for various reasons.In Section  we will see that the resummation of logarithmic terms in time is very complicate...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.045352667570114136, 0.019410697743296623, -0.006454972550272942, 0.0020314850844442844, -0.010155518539249897, -0.0433688685297966, 0.0401642732322216, -0.015084492973983288, 0.017411639913916588, 0.026094570755958557, -0.0217149555683136, 0.012421625666320324, 0.009606159292161465, 0.0...
096644a26fb49a935c9a15fcb096cafe0ab0a4be
subsection
25
80
Liouvillian in renormalized perturbation theory
Therefore, we state here also the result for the propagator in the regime of small times defined by{1\over D}\,\ll \,t\,\ll \,{1\over \Omega }\quad ,corresponding to the regime of large energies\Omega \,\ll \, |E| \,\ll \, D \quad .We note that resumming all logarithmic terms \sim (\alpha \ln (E/D))^n or \sim (\alpha \...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.054511211812496185, 0.03326832130551338, -0.03271893411874771, -0.03778548538684845, -0.0017158746486529708, -0.033817704766988754, -0.007554045412689447, 0.017855016514658928, -0.0057914345525205135, 0.020601941272616386, -0.03369561955332756, 0.01201779954135418, -0.026080531999468803, ...
280aec3583662550ac5f7b90a5702b11b6f812de
subsection
26
80
Liouvillian in renormalized perturbation theory
Thus, we can also use it in the regime where |\alpha \ln (-iE/\Omega )|\ll 1, where we can expand Z(E) asZ(E)\,=\,{\tilde{\Delta }^2\over \Delta ^2}\,\left(1+2\alpha \ln {-iE\over \Omega }\right)\quad ,and, after a straightforward calculation, one finds that the propagator (REF ) at high energies obtains the same form ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04247187077999115, 0.030007964000105858, -0.016720248386263847, -0.01016792468726635, -0.021571561694145203, -0.020274827256798744, 0.008482169359922409, 0.03615600988268852, -0.011617216281592846, -0.0014273615088313818, -0.043387215584516525, 0.018734000623226166, -0.06163303181529045, ...
dc085fe24dbbf03caebc4060a3bbc58268b920b1
subsection
27
80
Time dynamics
In this section we will present the time dynamics of the local density matrix analytically in the regimes of small times (including the case of exponentially small times) and for the regime of times which are not exponentially small or large, where renormalized perturbation theory can be applied using the propagator pr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03972636163234711, 0.0018945919582620263, 0.018612196668982506, 0.0009983079507946968, -0.007471576798707247, -0.036492109298706055, 0.043265730142593384, -0.004874259699136019, -0.0033200650941580534, 0.03948226571083069, -0.05205312743782997, 0.03286120668053627, 0.026514753699302673, ...
48d796747430229d9c2b9be2ccdc7593fd26947d
subsection
28
80
Exact solution at zero tunneling
For zero tunneling the time dynamics can be calculated exactly even for an arbitrary spectral density and finite temperatures , . In this case the local Hamiltonian H=\sigma _z\epsilon /2 decouples from the rest and the coupling to the bath can be eliminated by a unitary transformation shifting the field operators of t...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 129, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A.J. Leggett, S. Chakravarty, T.A. Dorsey, M.P.A. Fisher, A. Garg, and W. Zwerger, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1 (1987).", "source_ref_id": "c23ab74cf76ec9d3bef89e71e0bd211e2c5eb7d3", "start": 0...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.005794552620500326, 0.0122070899233222, -0.0254670400172472, 0.057586945593357086, 0.021682843565940857, -0.05477931350469589, 0.0010414173593744636, -0.0017871941672638059, 0.004703544080257416, 0.038604918867349625, 0.008445779792964458, -0.007232700474560261, 0.009254499338567257, 0.0...
ea7fcf7e3ce48993532dad8620057c87368b9285
subsection
29
80
Exact solution at zero tunneling
Therefore, in the limit Dt\gg 1, we get the resulth(t)\,\approx \,2\alpha (\gamma + \ln (Dt))\quad ,where \gamma is Euler's constant. This leads to the universal power-lawe^{-h(t)}\,&\approx \,(1-2\alpha \gamma )\left({1\over Dt}\right)^{2\alpha }\\ &=\,(1-2\alpha \gamma ){\tilde{\Delta }^2\over \Delta ^2}\left({1\ove...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04406040161848068, 0.045799627900123596, -0.015103808604180813, -0.028407365083694458, -0.014951244927942753, -0.02492891252040863, 0.0006507796351797879, 0.019223028793931007, -0.005416011903434992, 0.02203020080924034, -0.011709265410900116, 0.04021579772233963, 0.01537079457193613, 0...
da9914ee3598e83cadf323fae71740b48c220cb8
subsection
30
80
Bloch-Redfield solution
The easiest way to derive the Bloch-Redfield solution is to insert (REF ) in (REF ) and use the spectral decomposition of the Liouvillian \tilde{L}_\Delta (E). This gives the formally exact expression\rho (t)\,&=\,{i\over 2\pi }\sum _{i=\text{st},0,\pm }\int _{\cal {C}} dE {e^{-iEt}\over E-\lambda _i(E)}\cdot \\ &\hsp...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.005984552204608917, -0.007277581840753555, -0.017240392044186592, 0.0021207209210842848, 0.006198150105774403, 0.0028187278658151627, 0.03112424910068512, -0.00008111233182717115, 0.04430628567934036, 0.027310002595186234, -0.05016496777534485, 0.033260226249694824, 0.010489176958799362, ...
f11f4c0556e49853397ca1dffe9e35850a1c6794
subsection
31
80
Bloch-Redfield solution
We note that the right eigenstate |x_{\text{st}}(E)\rangle for E=0^+ does not give the stationary state \rho _{\text{st}}, following from (REF ), since the eigenstates of \tilde{L}_\Delta (E) and L(E) are different.The eigenvalues \lambda _i(E) for i=0,\pm have already been provided in perturbation theory up to O(\alph...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.021891312673687935, -0.010892262682318687, -0.0035888024140149355, -0.00241605332121253, 0.008542951196432114, -0.011822834610939026, 0.0493355430662632, 0.00028627467690967023, 0.011746558360755444, 0.03067834861576557, -0.03076987899839878, 0.0037013099063187838, 0.0036841477267444134, ...
012ff45e7dc2f4b8729e2bfa93077d0611589c3e
subsection
32
80
Bloch-Redfield solution
The projectors for L_0 can be most easily obtained by transforming the matrix L_0 to the basis of the exact eigenstates of H, which, by using the unitary matrix (REF ), is described by the unitary transformation (A_0)_{ij,kl}=U_{ik}U_{jl}^* leading toA_0\,=\,A_0^\dagger \,=\,A_0^{-1}\,=\, {1\over \Omega _0} \left(\begi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01550730224698782, 0.02344411052763462, -0.02970197983086109, 0.0003174246521666646, 0.006944707129150629, 0.021963590756058693, 0.006006027106195688, 0.007807072252035141, 0.016545193269848824, 0.004697216674685478, -0.037241946905851364, 0.0326630175113678, 0.038524046540260315, 0.026...
69d206c83879fb281434296fe9e7408a0a3e2d2d
subsection
33
80
Bloch-Redfield solution
Using the formulas (REF ) and () for the pole positions, we can decompose the time evolution of the Pauli matrices generically as\langle \sigma _\alpha \rangle (t)\,&=\, \langle \sigma _\alpha \rangle _{\text{st}}\,+\, F^0_\alpha (t)e^{-\Gamma _1 t}\,+\,\\ &+\,F^c_\alpha (t)e^{-{\Gamma _1\over 2} t}\cos (\Omega _1 t)\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.0052795675583183765, 0.006076843477785587, -0.031921546906232834, 0.03237931430339813, 0.021774401888251305, -0.035431087017059326, -0.010574394837021828, 0.040619101375341415, 0.04000874608755112, 0.054168976843357086, 0.008117716759443283, 0.01939401961863041, -0.02343761920928955, 0.0...
2b43934ee285338ac5a112bbf90938569823f6d3
subsection
34
80
Bloch-Redfield solution
F_\alpha ^{0,c,s}(t) denote the preexponential functions, which become time independent in Bloch-Redfield approximation{\langle \sigma _x\rangle }_{\text{st}}\,&=\,{\Delta \over \Omega _0}\quad ,\quad {\langle \sigma _y\rangle }_{\text{st}}\,=\,0 \quad ,\quad {\langle \sigma _z\rangle }_{\text{st}}\,=\,-{\epsilon \over...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.014651887118816376, 0.025671327486634254, -0.04783230647444725, 0.005261706188321114, -0.010050279088318348, -0.026373397558927536, 0.024969257414340973, 0.0329056978225708, 0.050060614943504333, 0.012538047507405281, -0.03087580017745495, 0.004796203691512346, 0.024236664175987244, 0.0...
07f7bb90229f0ad57317928d66d7faa5ca3d2f01
subsection
35
80
Bloch-Redfield solution
Expanding the exponentials up to linear order in \Omega _1 t and neglecting \Gamma _1t,(\Omega _1-\Omega _0)t\sim \alpha \Delta t we obtain\langle \sigma _x\rangle (t)\,&=\, {\langle \sigma _x\rangle }_0 - \epsilon t{\langle \sigma _y\rangle }_0\quad ,\\ \langle \sigma _y\rangle (t)\,&=\, {\langle \sigma _y\rangle }_0...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.029718080535531044, 0.035332173109054565, -0.024882027879357338, -0.010427262634038925, 0.017574552446603775, -0.031075837090611458, 0.022303815931081772, -0.01501922495663166, 0.008512673899531364, -0.03173183277249336, 0.023524271324276924, 0.004527125507593155, -0.048085927963256836, ...
def75edf7173ded95bf5c7ebb9a5bd2f529041e0
subsection
36
80
Renormalized perturbation theory
Using the propagators provided in Section REF we will now apply renormalized perturbation theory to calculate the modification of the Bloch-Redfield solution in lowest order in \alpha (but including all logarithmic corrections \sim (\alpha \ln (Dt))^n and \sim (\alpha \ln (D/\Omega ))^n from high energies in all orders...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04455530270934105, 0.028198013082146645, 0.011123566888272762, -0.008384636603295803, -0.02740456350147724, -0.02683999203145504, 0.03585786372423172, 0.0004205669683869928, -0.0025615484919399023, 0.01325978059321642, -0.05712844431400299, 0.010749729350209236, -0.005329088773578405, 0...
60a00bacb1bb97c585380b1a14727e329a5983d1
subsection
37
80
Small times
For small times \Omega t \ll 1 but still in the universal regime t\gg 1/D we take the form (REF ) for the propagator and, since E\sim 1/t\gg \epsilon ,\Delta , can expand the resolvent up to first order in \tilde{L}_0(E){1\over E - \tilde{L}_0(E)} \,\approx \, {1\over E}+{1\over E}\tilde{L}_0(E){1\over E}\quad .In this...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 2239, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "A.J. Leggett, S. Chakravarty, T.A. Dorsey, M.P.A. Fisher, A. Garg, and W. Zwerger, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1 (1987).", "source_ref_id": "c23ab74cf76ec9d3bef89e71e0bd211e2c5eb7d3", "start": ...
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.048612821847200394, 0.04122782126069069, -0.01830991357564926, -0.01114615984261036, -0.002382196020334959, -0.019240668043494225, 0.01617375761270523, 0.008300494402647018, 0.02236861176788807, 0.02035452052950859, -0.03979354724287987, 0.05059639364480972, -0.003154645673930645, 0.006...
95aba9a955fb15bd533a5d4e00dc077c55cc1028
subsection
38
80
Small times
We note that it is not allowed to set t=0 since this result is only valid for t\gg 1/D, i.e. terms \sim \epsilon /D,\Delta /D\ll \epsilon t, \Delta t are neglected.We can study the short-time solution in two different regimes, the one for exponentially small times |\alpha \ln (\Omega t)|\sim 1 where we can neglect all ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.06427033245563507, 0.038055602461099625, -0.04049701988697052, 0.009048505686223507, 0.013794012367725372, -0.03958148881793022, 0.04443380981683731, 0.018325895071029663, -0.0019426440121605992, 0.03997822105884552, -0.006980929523706436, 0.0037155330646783113, 0.018875213339924812, 0....
0fb3a2e485e72218f6b373de7f565f2a841b5f23
subsection
39
80
Small times
In contrast, the Bloch-Redfield solution (REF -) at small times misses all powers of logarithmic terms \alpha \ln (D/\Omega ) (resummed in \tilde{\Delta }) and \alpha \ln (\Omega t) together with the O(\alpha ) corrections for \langle \sigma _x\rangle (t) and \langle \sigma _y\rangle (t).In the next section we will sho...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.051066409796476364, 0.039162106812000275, -0.04157349094748497, -0.036476004868745804, -0.010484944097697735, -0.020344149321317673, 0.03742224723100662, 0.012758971191942692, 0.01660497672855854, -0.02096988819539547, 0.01071387343108654, 0.018436407670378685, 0.0037716038059443235, 0....
40f533e60a456961e0ac62c2ee4c5e2b70306857
subsection
40
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
We now study the regime of times which are not exponentially small or large defined by the condition |\alpha \ln (\Omega t)|\ll 1. Here we can use the propagator in the form presented in (REF -) and apply renormalized perturbation theory to study the modification of the Bloch-Redfield result and to calculate the next c...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.039004240185022354, 0.029192138463258743, -0.028780123218894005, -0.017167357727885246, -0.014351911842823029, -0.031145403161644936, 0.014763928018510342, -0.005951351020485163, -0.006847868673503399, -0.01087266020476818, -0.04965563118457794, 0.01381781604140997, 0.0030519748106598854,...
8dc2439104dae6f75945bebf8cb9f9a8c68acf8c
subsection
41
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
Since we know in all orders of perturbation theory that the non-analytic features of the propagator are an isolated pole at E=z_{\text{st}}=0 together with branch cuts starting at E=z_i, i=0,\pm , pointing in the direction of the negative imaginary axis, we can decompose the time dynamics of \rho (t) in four contributi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.020254945382475853, -0.03354963660240173, 0.026177264750003815, 0.032114848494529724, 0.02417771890759468, -0.011310409754514694, -0.00848662294447422, 0.0003648980928119272, -0.0034305190201848745, 0.04414265230298042, -0.03770136460661888, 0.005269796121865511, -0.013989191502332687, ...
ff610dc30ff6de7eb60cebda7421e0dcd37a90ea
subsection
42
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
For i=0,\pm we obtain with E=-ix\pm \eta (\eta =0^+)\rho _i(t)\,=\,F_i(t) e^{-iz_it}\quad ,with the preexponential operator given byF_i(t)\,&=\,{1\over 2\pi }\int _0^\infty \,dx \,e^{-xt}\cdot \\ &\hspace{-14.22636pt} \cdot \left\lbrace {1\over E-\tilde{L}_0-\tilde{\Sigma }_a(E)}\Big |_{E=z_i-ix+\eta }\,-\,(\eta \right...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.027804359793663025, 0.031192157417535782, -0.010178654454648495, 0.011864922940731049, -0.0011769545963034034, -0.024798071011900902, -0.0037426010239869356, 0.04568948969244957, 0.01799195446074009, 0.01207093708217144, -0.01585550419986248, 0.021974904462695122, -0.04352252185344696, ...
f1649b0956d6c130fe13fa7e643b8caa48cb85b5
subsection
43
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
To cover the crossover to this regime as well we leave the important term \tilde{\Sigma }_a(z_i)\sim \alpha \Omega in the denominator which is essential for the correct position of the poles, and expand only in\tilde{\Sigma }_a(E)-\tilde{\Sigma }_a(z_i)\,&=\,\\ & \hspace{-56.9055pt} =\,\alpha {\cal {F}}_i(E)M_i\,+\,\al...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.05156948044896126, 0.019941216334700584, -0.030789116397500038, 0.010207095183432102, -0.007403577212244272, -0.02865310199558735, -0.0039211115799844265, -0.007392134051769972, 0.017316970974206924, 0.007430277299135923, -0.02627297304570675, 0.015333529561758041, -0.036647897213697433, ...
92583ba2d9e5dd0c13fec1b022539f66fa1fdce1
subsection
44
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
The lowest order values are given by the eigenvalues of the real but non-hermitian Liouvillian \tilde{L}_0, which can be diagonalized by the transformationA\,=\,A^{-1}\,=\, {1\over \Omega } \left(\begin{array}{cc} \Omega \tau _++\epsilon \tau _- & -\Delta \sigma _z\tau _+ \\ -\Delta Z\sigma _z\tau _- & -\epsilon \tau _...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04952678084373474, 0.0442475862801075, -0.003175527323037386, -0.0020559870172291994, 0.005702598486095667, 0.026487521827220917, 0.04369830712676048, 0.01808048039674759, 0.021681318059563637, 0.03799189254641533, -0.014052423648536205, -0.008048483170568943, 0.02444297820329666, 0.013...
ff5da814ebde6c1fe4fe455671ca636bfd0784ca
subsection
45
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
\tilde{\Sigma }_a^i will shift these eigenvalues by O(\alpha \Omega ) such that, together with the symmetry relations (REF -), we get\tilde{\gamma }_{\text{st}}^i &= 0\quad ,\quad \tilde{\gamma }_0^0 = z_0 \quad ,\quad \tilde{\gamma }_\sigma ^\sigma = z_\sigma \quad ,\\ \tilde{\gamma }_0^\sigma &= -\left(\tilde{\gamma...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01429973728954792, 0.013292498886585236, -0.007741239853203297, -0.0322621613740921, -0.0031991275027394295, -0.02292231097817421, 0.016512610018253326, 0.015764812007546425, 0.01631421409547329, 0.025272535160183907, -0.005062900483608246, 0.02692074328660965, -0.026264512911438942, 0....
db3fb4f9096f46c962a21babdccca1f9c01cea2c
subsection
46
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
Denoting the projectors on the eigenstates of \tilde{L}_0+\tilde{\Sigma }_a^i by \tilde{P}_j^i, with i,j=\text{st},0,\pm , we get for i=0,\pm\rho _i(t)\,&=\,{i\over 2\pi }\int _{{\cal {C}}_i} dE e^{-iEt} \Big \lbrace {1\over E-\tilde{\gamma }_i^i}\tilde{P}_i^i \,+\,\\ & +\,\sum _{j,j^{\prime }=0,\pm }{1\over E-\tilde{\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03145882859826088, -0.004184085410088301, -0.005217710975557566, 0.01778903789818287, 0.011983953416347504, 0.008375799283385277, -0.0016715364763513207, 0.024745985865592957, 0.00006847530312370509, 0.04082629829645157, -0.004161200951784849, 0.01588197983801365, 0.00859701819717884, -...
efe6a6f743aa2cc9370b7e7ce9d4a87e2fde8e3f
subsection
47
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
Inserting this form and leaving out all analytic functions on {\cal {C}}_i, we can split \rho _i(t) obviously in pole and pure branch cut contributions\rho _i(t)\,=\,\rho _i^p(t)\,+\,\rho _i^{\text{bc}}(t)\quad ,with\rho _i^p(t)\,&=\,\rho _i^{p1}(t)\,+\,\rho _i^{p2}(t)\,+\,\rho _i^{p3}(t)\quad ,\\ \rho _i^{p1}(t)\,&=\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.02458200976252556, 0.007896455936133862, -0.01863105781376362, 0.03454603999853134, 0.019592365249991417, -0.044037047773599625, 0.025436505675315857, 0.026458848267793655, 0.007633240427821875, 0.02915966510772705, -0.03448500484228134, -0.0008268390083685517, -0.0053100804798305035, 0...
8e89a9f6dbf42f65a4f8faa1c60470b047a22222
subsection
48
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
We note that the terms involving \Sigma _s/z_i are very important for () to calculate the terms in O(1) and O(\alpha ) consistently since\Sigma _s{1\over z_0}\,&=\,-{\Delta \Omega \over \tilde{\Delta }^2}\Big (1-{\Gamma ^{(2)}\over \Gamma ^{(1)}}\Big ) \left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & 0 \\ \tau _+ & 0 \end{array}\right)\,+\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.02228446491062641, 0.03977624326944351, -0.035441454499959946, 0.006238886620849371, 0.020651288330554962, -0.04124152287840843, 0.006013752426952124, 0.0011743225622922182, 0.035777248442173004, 0.026741357520222664, -0.012615143321454525, -0.002781742252409458, -0.005323086865246296, ...
d0ba09f7de69a92796021f69cd7f82f9a292510a
subsection
49
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
Denoting the projectors in lowest and in first order in \alpha by \tilde{P}^{(0)i}_j and \tilde{P}^{(1)i}_j, we show in Appendix  by a straightforward calculation that the projectors transformed with the matrix A (see (REF )) are given byA \tilde{P}^{(0)i}_0 A\,&=\, \left(\begin{array}{cc} \tau _- & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{arr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0019264731090515852, 0.005832826253026724, -0.0015774191124364734, 0.0025864331983029842, 0.013214461505413055, 0.02204953320324421, 0.005737456493079662, 0.01918080635368824, 0.028168469667434692, 0.03994856774806976, -0.00414668582379818, 0.01734970323741436, -0.0011835411423817277, -...
5624a5ef1ba9fd6a66cd744e16d12a35cbb77240
subsection
50
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
All other contributions to the time evolution are corrections in O(\alpha ). All energy integrals can be calculated from&{i\over 2\pi }\int dE e^{-iEt}{1\over E-z_i}\ln {-i(E-z_i)\over \Omega }\,=\\ &\hspace{28.45274pt} =\,-(\gamma + \ln (\Omega t))e^{-iz_i t}\\ &{i\over 2\pi }\int _{{\cal {C}}_i} dE e^{-iEt}{1\over E...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.0040931543335318565, 0.04479963332414627, -0.008399931713938713, 0.017791680991649628, -0.01308436132967472, -0.07379122078418732, 0.009269678965210915, -0.008026092313230038, 0.033874381333589554, -0.001298899413086474, -0.010734517127275467, 0.00631711445748806, -0.02008049003779888, -...
9ec39941dd68a24c1da1e008d560dd2ebcb19719
subsection
51
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
As a consequence, only the crossover functions H(\pm \Omega t) and \tilde{H}(\pm \Omega t) will appear for the branch cut integrals.Finally, the derivatives of {\cal {F}}_i(E) can be obtained from (REF ){d {\cal {F}}_i\over dE}(E)\,=\,1+\ln {-i(E-\lambda _i(E))\over \Omega }+O(\alpha )\quad ,which gives{d {\cal {F}}_0\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.055758628994226456, 0.022065401077270508, -0.02374395914375782, 0.0031053314451128244, 0.003753865137696266, 0.01658719964325428, 0.030565006658434868, 0.03930876404047012, -0.011879609897732735, 0.030168257653713226, -0.041017841547727585, 0.00988060049712658, 0.007004162762314081, 0.0...
c48e12f287ca33ec60e6f0f79442bca677037ee7
subsection
52
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
Decomposing the time dynamics according to (REF ) in the various modes, we get for the preexponential functions the following final result for the time dynamics in the non-exponential time regimeF_x^0(t) \,&=\, -{\langle \sigma _x\rangle }_{\text{st}} \,-\, \Big (1+2\alpha {\tilde{\Delta }^2\over \Omega ^2}\Big ){\tild...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.02436728961765766, 0.013846784830093384, -0.010375551879405975, -0.004863540176302195, 0.011908997781574726, -0.00952872447669506, -0.020888427272439003, 0.007564235478639603, 0.027540987357497215, 0.03903038799762726, -0.030653653666377068, -0.0005798102938570082, -0.00654193852096796, ...
aeec0863bfb521159e2a804619613a981e3804e7
subsection
53
80
Times in the non-exponential regime
Only if the renormalization of the tunneling is neglected, these operators are identical to the Pauli spin operators defined in (REF -).The stationary values {\langle \sigma _\alpha \rangle }_{\text{st}} of the Pauli matrices follow from{\langle \sigma _x\rangle }_{\text{st}}\,&=\,{\tilde{\Delta }^2\over \Delta \Omega ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115425
1802.09846
Dissipative quantum mechanics beyond Bloch-Redfield: A consistent weak-coupling expansion of the ohmic spin boson model at arbitrary bias
[ "Carsten J. Lindner", "Herbert Schoeller" ]
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.mes-hall" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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