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156d4a8c10b6017232e9d74745d32f47c8d289d9
subsection
44
53
Convergence analysis for RapDual
By the optimality condition of the \hat{\ell }-th subproblem (REF ), there exists some \lambda ^* such that&\nabla \psi ^{\hat{\ell }}({\textbf {x}}_*^{\hat{\ell }})+\mathbf {A}^{\top }\lambda ^*\in -N_{X}({\textbf {x}}_*^{\hat{\ell }}),\\ & \nabla \psi _m^{\hat{\ell }}(x_{m^*}^{\hat{\ell }})+\lambda ^*=0, \\ &\mathbf ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.004059409257024527, -0.007401554845273495, -0.02441750094294548, 0.003918245900422335, -0.021563705056905746, 0.026523509994149208, 0.043096888810396194, 0.025928333401679993, 0.020098654553294182, 0.03989209234714508, -0.03062870167195797, 0.01927456445991993, -0.009057366289198399, 0.0...
cce0761166ff3d209f61eed0f60af41fc815885e
subsection
45
53
Convergence analysis for RapDual
In view of (REF ) and Lemma REF , we have\mathbb {E}\left[d(\nabla f^{\hat{\ell }}({\textbf {x}}_*^{\hat{\ell }})+\mathbf {A}^{\top }\lambda ^*, -N_{X}({\textbf {x}}_*^{\hat{\ell }}))\right]^2&\le \mathbb {E}\Vert 2\mu ({\textbf {x}}_*^{\hat{\ell }}-\bar{\textbf {x}}^{\hat{\ell }-1})\Vert ^2\\ & \le \tfrac{4\mu }{k(1-\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b28c92e9c9caa6edcdfaca1f8d1713d37563e05f
subsection
46
53
Numerical experiments
In this section, we report some preliminary numerical results for both RapGrad and RapDual and demonstrate their potential advantages in Subsection REF and REF , respectively.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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dd8c9c6b9a1ba379fc3bfb1bb59eefb81f14f93f
subsection
47
53
Nonconvex multi-block optimization
We consider the following compressed sensing problem to test the performance of RapDual:\begin{aligned}\min _{x_i\in X_i} &~ \textstyle {\sum }_{i=1}^m \mathcal {P}_{\lambda ,\gamma ,\epsilon }(x_i)\\ \text{s.t. } &~\textstyle {\sum }_{i=1}^mA_ix_i= b, \end{aligned}where each x_i = (x_i^1,\ldots ,x_i^{d_i}) is a vector...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1137/140990309", "end": 1936, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2295652899", "raw": "Mingyi Hong, Zhi-Quan Luo, and Meisam Razaviyayn, Convergence analysis of alternating direction method of multipliers for a family of nonconvex prob...
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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3f55eb148a125cc37e5346a6b37023d287c31868
subsection
48
53
Nonconvex multi-block optimization
As we can see, the total number of primal block updates needed to yield a good solution, in terms of both objective value and feasibility, can be much smaller when inner loops are terminated early. [Figure: Batch and randomized versions of Algorithm on compressed sensing problem with smoothed SCAD objective. Left Figur...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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10fa7835a7093d8051ddfdac6d869c388e1f3d15
subsection
49
53
Concluding remarks
In this paper, we propose a new randomized accelerated proximal-gradient (RapGrad) method for solving nonconvex finite-sum problems (REF ) and a new randomized primal-dual gradient (RapGrad) method for nonconvex multi-block problems (REF ), respectively. We demonstrate that for problem (REF ) with large condition numbe...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b0c7fa6b253e0cfc2e30c2095fe17e1b6ad471f8
subsection
50
53
Proof of Lemma
By convexity of \psi and optimality of x^*, we have~Q_t:&=~\varphi (x^t)+\psi (x^*)+\langle \nabla \psi (x^*), x^t-x^*\rangle -\left[\varphi (x^*)+\textstyle {\tfrac{1}{m}\sum _{i=1}^m}(\psi _i(\hat{\underline{x}}^t_i)+\langle \nabla \psi _i(\hat{\underline{x}}^t_i), x^*-\hat{\underline{x}}^t_i\rangle )\right]\\ &\ge ~...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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2e3cdec71f214dac86ca73f04c2a53c176e49dd2
subsection
51
53
Proof of Lemma
By using the above inequality, (REF ) and (REF ), we obtain0\le & ~\mathbb {E}_s\left[\gamma _1\eta _1 V_\varphi (x^*,x^{0})-\gamma _s(1+\eta _s)V_\varphi (x^*,x^s)\right]+\gamma _s\mathbb {E}_s \left[\textstyle {\tfrac{1}{m}\sum _{i=1}^m}\langle \nabla \psi _{i}(\underline{x}_{i}^s)-\nabla \psi _i(x^*), x^{s-1}-x^s\ra...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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28346ffbff546941ee9509c8fd7e8c696c0f7454
subsection
52
53
Proof of Lemma
This completes the proof.For any t\ge 1, since ({\textbf {x}}^*, y^*) is a saddle point of (REF ), we have\psi (\hat{{\textbf {x}}}^t) - \psi ({\textbf {x}}^*) + \langle \mathbf {A}\hat{{\textbf {x}}}^t-\mathbf {b},y^*\rangle - \langle \mathbf {A}{\textbf {x}}^*-\mathbf {b}, y^t\rangle + h(y^*)- h(y^t)\ge 0.For nonnega...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.05411
Accelerated Stochastic Algorithms for Nonconvex Finite-sum and Multi-block Optimization
[ "Guanghui Lan", "Yu Yang" ]
[ "math.OC" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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87880f5a8eafab223c51bd7e9bc7a5f6ca7819cb
abstract
0
22
Abstract
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ be a bounded domain and $\delta(x)$ be the distance of a point $x\in \Omega$ to the boundary. We study the positive solutions of the problem $\Delta u +\frac{\mu}{\delta(x)^2}u=u^p$ in $\Omega$, where $p>0, \,p\ne 1$ and $\mu \in \mathbb{R},\,\mu\ne 0$ is smaller then the Hardy constan...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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c408b18dd11e8c921b9230668c1075ec782471ec
subsection
1
22
Introduction
In this paper we study positive solutions of problems of the formL_\mu u = \Delta u + \frac{\mu }{\delta (x)^2}u=u^p\quad \mbox{\;{in}\;} \Omega ,where \mu \in \mathbb {R} \setminus \lbrace 0\rbrace , \delta (x) is the distance of a point x\in \Omega to the boundary, p\ne 1 is a positive constant and \Omega \subset \ma...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 983, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "M. Marcus, V. J. Mizel and Y. Pinchover, On the best constant for Hardy's inequality in \\mathbb {R}^n, Trans. A.M.S. 350 (1998), 3237-3255.", "source_ref_id": "9e354abfb04fa03d1530a323fb1711e...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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7dd41bd9b57c53f807665faaeb586d3b9c93b507
subsection
2
22
Introduction
More precisely we haveTheorem A. Assume 0<p<1, \mu <1/4, \,\mu \ne 0 and \Omega =B_R:=\lbrace x\in \mathbb {R}^N:|x|<R\rbrace .(i) Problem (REF ) has a unique radial solution u(r) for any u(0)>0.(ii) For any \rho \in (0,R) there exists a unique radial solution of problem (REF ) such thatu(r)= {\left\lbrace \begin{array...
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1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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9e8e65cdeac1da288598274786b5879c997eaf5a
subsection
3
22
Introduction
For any c \in C^{2+\gamma }(\partial \Omega ), c \ge 0, there exists a unique solution of (REF ) such that\lim _{\delta (x)\rightarrow 0} \Big (\frac{u(x)}{\delta (x)^{\beta _-}} -c(x^*)\Big ) =0\,,where x^* \in \partial \Omega is the projection of x on the boundary.It was shown in that for p>1 and \mu < -\mu ^* proble...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 360, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "C. Bandle, V. Moroz and W. Reichel, 'Boundary blowup' type subsolutions to semilinear elliptic equations with Hardy potential, J. London Math. Soc. 77 (2008), 503-523.", "source_ref_id": "18e3...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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1dc4fcc8ef20344b5545880b82d1ee6d898ce417
subsection
4
22
Preliminaries
We recall some lemmas which will be used in the proofs of our theorems.Lemma 2.1 (Maximum principle.) Let \mu < C_H(\Omega ) and \omega \subseteq \Omega . If \Delta u+V_\mu u\ge 0 in \omega and u\in W^{1,2}_0(\omega ) then u\le 0 in \omega .The proof simply follows from the definition of the Hardy constant in (REF ).Fr...
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1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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bec79ba856f84416e59e283b633d78f7bc9f29b8
subsection
5
22
Preliminaries
If there exist a sub and a supersolution 0\le \underline{u} \le \overline{u} in \Omega , then problem (REF ) admits a solution U in \Omega such that \underline{u}\le U \le \overline{u}. If p>1, the condition \mu <C_H(\Omega ) can be replaced by \mu \le 1/4.The parallel set \Omega _\rho :=\lbrace x\in \Omega : \delta (x...
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1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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fdf387e83a7bf64ab40cbbaa9d267fc882bf5df7
subsection
6
22
Ball
Theorem A (i),\,(ii),\,(iii) have been proved in . The existence result (iv) is a consequence of Theorem C. The proof of Theorem B is based on ode techniques partly developed in .
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/j.na.2014.09.003", "end": 50, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2963326747", "raw": "C. Bandle, M.A. Pozio, Sublinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential, Nonlinear Analysis 119 (2015), 149–166.", "source_ref_id": "57...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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d4127ec05c609f8a30daeb7eea554c934a6cf06c
subsection
7
22
Proof of Theorem B
The radial solutions of (REF ) in B_R satisfy the ordinary differential equation ( ^{\prime }:= \frac{d}{d r})u^{\prime \prime } +\frac{(N-1)}{r} u^{\prime } +\frac{\mu }{(R-r)^2}u = u^p \quad \mbox{\;{in}\;} (0,R), \,\,\, u^{\prime }(0)=0\,.This equation has for given u(0)>0 a unique local solution. It can be continue...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0294-1449(16)30162-7", "end": 757, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2468816715", "raw": "C. Bandle and M. Marcus, Asymptotic behaviour of solutions and their derivatives, for semilinear elliptic problems with blowup on the bou...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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fe94bc447d1eb4c889654226fe957cf1d2d98040
subsection
8
22
Proof of Theorem B
Then the function\overline{u}(r)= {\left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} U_{r_1}(r) &\mbox{\;{in}\;} [0, \tilde{r}],\\ w_+ (r) &\mbox{\;{in}\;} [\tilde{r},R) \end{array}\right.}is a weak supersolution with \overline{u}(0)>u^*.Next we construct a subsolution. From (REF ) it follows that for small c_-\le (\mu +\mu ^*)^{1/(p-1)}...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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c0a0c576fcbc7f08d35cb4e12156b44b1caaf626
subsection
9
22
Proof of Theorem B
It is important to point out that all the local maxima of the solutions of (REF ) are below w_0(r) and the local minima are above w_0(r).The radial symmetry implies that U_r^*(0) = 0 and consequentlyw_r^*(0)= -\frac{2}{p-1}U^*(0) R^{\frac{3-p}{p-1}} < 0\,.Thus w^* decreases in a neighborhood of r=0. If it has a local m...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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3d948ca65276c1ab284ea00946cf9e9dc61b44b2
subsection
10
22
Proof of Theorem B
Moreover these results together with (REF ) show that there exists a sequence r_n \nearrow R as n \rightarrow \infty such that\int _{r_0}^{r_n}\frac{\sigma }{(R-s)^2}f(w^*,s)\:ds = \int _{r_0}^{r_n}\frac{s^{N-1}}{(R-s)}f(w^*,s)\:dshas a finite limit for n \rightarrow \infty . Hence f(w^*(R),R)= 0.3. If p > 5, we divide...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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23b18a7b616ae9319ab9fb0853e78df26ba26115
subsection
11
22
Proof of Theorem B
Then m \le 1 in B_R and m = 1 on \partial B_R and, since u solves (REF ) in B_R, the differential equation for m(r) isU^*\Delta m + 2 <\nabla m,\nabla U^*>+ m \Delta U^* + \frac{\mu }{\delta ^2}m U^*=m^p (U^*)^p.HenceU^*\Delta m + 2 <\nabla m,\nabla U^*>=m^p (U^*)^p - m (U^*)^p \le 0.The maximum principle implies that ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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e61ceafbf873f806551e779a7a605999ebd50f65
subsection
12
22
Proof of Theorem B
Hence for some \delta _0 >0 we have0<c_0 (R-r)^{\beta _-} \le u(r) \le u_\epsilon (r)\le k (R-r)^{\beta _\epsilon }\,, \,\, \forall r \in (R-\delta _0, R)\,.We replace r by \delta = R-r and consider the function v(\delta ) = u(R-\delta ) \delta ^{-\beta _-} . A straightforward computation leads to(\sigma v^{\prime })^{...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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1e008ba5da490db45a8253358bcdc72177d26e6a
subsection
13
22
Proof of Theorem B
It is therefore possible to choose \epsilon so small that p(\beta _\epsilon -\beta )+ \beta (p-1) +1>-1, and \beta _\epsilon -\beta >-1. Hence the integrals above converge as \delta \rightarrow 0 and v is uniformly bounded.Next we want to show that v(\delta ) has a limit as \delta tends to 0.If \beta = \beta _- >0, (RE...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b6dff0ae07ce8d6ad3ee34e57aaa4bf1dfc9aa69
subsection
14
22
Proof of Theorem C
The existence of a solution u of (REF ) satisfying (REF ) will be proved by means of a supersolution \overline{u} and a subsolution \underline{u} of (REF ), which both satisfy (REF ) and which are such that \underline{u} \le \overline{u}.We start with an important observation. For \delta \le \delta _0 \le \rho _0/2, \r...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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c64e9c648396b2ac588b1d316741cdeef1c68f8b
subsection
15
22
Proof of Theorem C
Then for x \in \Omega _{\delta _0}{\mathcal {A}(\overline{w})} = -A \alpha (1-\alpha ) \delta ^{\alpha -2} +A \alpha \delta ^{\alpha -1} \Delta \delta +\frac{2 \beta }{\delta }<\nabla \delta , \nabla h>\\ +2A \beta \alpha \delta ^{\alpha -2} + \frac{\beta \Delta \delta }{\delta }\overline{w}.Since |\Delta \delta | \le ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-87773-5", "end": 709, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1591857223", "raw": "C. Miranda, Partial differential equations of elliptic type, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete, Vol. 2, Springer (1970).", ...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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d6c4d9596f39c7c9fabcd24eaabe0087e6e1867f
subsection
16
22
Proof of Theorem C
\hspace{35.0pt} \end{array}\right.Since \mu <0 the function \eta (r) is increasing in a neighborhood of \delta _0/2 and it has no local maximum. Thus \eta (r) is a positive increasing solution in (\delta _0/2, \delta _0).We claim that\lim _{r \rightarrow \delta _0} \frac{\eta (r)}{(\delta _0-r)^{\beta _-}} = C_\eta >0 ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/j.na.2014.09.003", "end": 436, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2963326747", "raw": "C. Bandle, M.A. Pozio, Sublinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential, Nonlinear Analysis 119 (2015), 149–166.", "source_ref_id": "5...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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0c4ba6e894b59807541240be34fdcb160c8385ba
subsection
17
22
Proof of Theorem C
Following the proof of Lemma 2.4 in , we define w by \eta = \delta ^{\beta _-} v = \delta ^{\beta _+}w. It satisfies the same equation (REF ) as v with \beta _- replaced by \beta _+,\begin{split} (\sigma _+ w^{\prime })^{\prime }= \beta _+ \sigma _+ \frac{N-1}{(\delta _0-\delta )\delta }w (\ge 0), \\ \mbox{\;{where}\;}...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/j.na.2014.09.003", "end": 103, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2963326747", "raw": "C. Bandle, M.A. Pozio, Sublinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential, Nonlinear Analysis 119 (2015), 149–166.", "source_ref_id": "5...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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95f06e554b5a666987b227804250a3b29829e0aa
subsection
18
22
Proof of Theorem C
Then the function\tilde{u}(x): = \left\lbrace \begin{array}{c} M\eta (\delta _0 -\delta (x))\,,\,\,x \in \Omega _{\delta _0/2}\,, \\ M \,,\,\,x \in \Omega \setminus \Omega _{\delta _0/2}\,. \end{array}\right.is in C^1(\Omega ) and is a (weak) supersolution of (REF ) satisfying\liminf _{\delta (x, \partial \Omega )\righ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/j.anihpc.2015.10.001", "end": 1166, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2963075362", "raw": "M. Marcus, P.-T. Nguyen, Moderate solutions of semilinear elliptic equations with Hardy potential, Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincare (...
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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59a1d640cbbc472ebd0e929006588409515ab35e
subsection
19
22
Proof of Theorem C
Obviouslyz (x) \ge \int _{\partial \Omega \cap B_{\delta (x)/2}(x^*(x))}K^\Omega _\mu (x,y)\,dS_y.The boundary regularity together with the fact that x \in \Omega _{\delta _0}, (\delta _0<\rho _0/2), imply that |\partial \Omega \cap B_{\delta (x^*(x))/2}| \ge \epsilon _0 \delta (x)^{N-1} for some \epsilon _0> 0. Then b...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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458ce046cafe40e0dcc7be3f6394e72fb09c298c
subsection
20
22
Proof of Theorem C
Set \underline{w} = (h(x) - a \delta ^\alpha )_+ where \alpha is defined in (REF ), h solves (REF ) and a>0 will be fixed below so that the support of \underline{w} is contained in \Omega _{\delta _0}. This is the case if a \ge a_0 >0 for a suitable a_0. If {\mathcal {A}(\underline{w})} \ge \delta ^{\beta (p-1) }\under...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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9e625c2ebaaf23a5d56cf1b49167cd4b6ca21f22
subsection
21
22
Proof of Theorem C
Clearly \underline{h} is a sub–harmonic function, and it satisfies \lim _{x\rightarrow \partial \Omega } \frac{\underline{h}}{\delta ^{\beta _-}} =0.In simple local super-harmonic functions \overline{H} and \overline{h} have been constructed with the property that\lim _{d(x,\partial \Omega )\rightarrow 0} \frac{\overli...
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1803.08397
Positive solutions of semilinear elliptic problems with a Hardy potential
[ "Catherine Bandle", "Maria Assunta Pozio" ]
[ "math.AP" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b7647b9497cda0bfbdbbb0a75b85407fb7c33d86
abstract
0
4
Abstract
Dependently typed languages are well known for having a problem with code reuse. Traditional non-indexed algebraic datatypes (e.g. lists) appear alongside a plethora of indexed variations (e.g. vectors). Functions are often rewritten for both non-indexed and indexed versions of essentially the same datatype, which is a...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08150
Generic Zero-Cost Reuse for Dependent Types
[ "Larry Diehl", "Denis Firsov", "Aaron Stump" ]
[ "cs.PL" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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40fd448f2666a1b3e11f01117543ae1d360cb87f
subsection
1
4
Introduction
Dependently typed languages (such as Agda , Coq , Idris , or Lean ) can be used to define ordinary algebraic datatypes, as well as indexed versions of algebraic datatypes that enforce various correctness properties. For example, we can index lists by natural numbers to enforce that they have a particular length (i.e. \...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08150
Generic Zero-Cost Reuse for Dependent Types
[ "Larry Diehl", "Denis Firsov", "Aaron Stump" ]
[ "cs.PL" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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18e52729e256c0615707efbfd0921748be9427e0
subsection
2
4
Introduction
Section REF : A generic combinator solution to zero-cost forgetful data reuse (combinator ifix2fix, handling the type of fixpoints for generically encoded datatypes). Section REF & Section REF : Generic combinator solutions to zero-cost enriching data reuse (combinators fix2ifix and fix2ifixP, handling the type of fix...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08150
Generic Zero-Cost Reuse for Dependent Types
[ "Larry Diehl", "Denis Firsov", "Aaron Stump" ]
[ "cs.PL" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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1133a8bd33dbbf440f504ef6a4013ce0ef7e90fa
subsection
3
4
The Type Theory (CDLE)
We briefly summarize the type theory, the Calculus of Lambda Eliminations (CDLE), that the results of this paper depend on. For full details on CDLE, including semantics and soundness results, please see the previous papers , , . The main metatheoretic property proved in the previous work is logical consistency: there ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1803.08150
Generic Zero-Cost Reuse for Dependent Types
[ "Larry Diehl", "Denis Firsov", "Aaron Stump" ]
[ "cs.PL" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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7c1aac5b89646ea1136d855c71aa54f5eae44784
abstract
0
77
Abstract
We establish sufficient conditions for exponential convergence to a unique quasi-stationary distribution in the total variation norm. These conditions also ensure the existence and exponential ergodicity of the Q-process, the process conditionned upon never being absorbed. The technique relies on a coupling procedure t...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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ee7d1af01198e5bcc06bbc13f2d36e9cc162fbaf
subsection
1
77
Presentation
Given a continuous-time and continuous-space Markov process with an absorbing state, we are interested in this work in the long time behavior of the process conditionally on not being absorbed –not being "extinct". More precisely, we wish first to highlight key conditions on the process such that the marginal of the pr...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b4d1f3b63fa1277d275e2f9c3b5d8fde70a60a1a
subsection
2
77
Presentation
Once all the conditions are met, Harris recurrence ensures the existence of a measure minorizing the DCNEs and whose mass tends to one, thus ensuring contraction in total variation norm.Given the vast literature on QSDs (see notably the impressive bibliography collected by Pollett ), it is difficult to assert that no o...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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b128fc2fb408dff5fe76ca816c4fb066b4b51000
subsection
3
77
Presentation
To our knowledge, we are only preceded by a few months by Champagnat and Villemonais in . They also manage to obtain such kind of convergence, even beyond the case of a unique QSD. Like for us, the criteria they introduce are analogous to older techniques involving, in the case of discrete-time and discrete-space proce...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1214/22-ejp880", "end": 89, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2778006168", "raw": "Champagnat, N., Villemonais, D.; General criteria for the study of quasi-stationarity, preprint on ArXiv : arxiv.org/abs/1712.08092v1 (2017)", "...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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ec6feaf9cbe8bdec9eda40de3bd68e5e32b9edcb
subsection
4
77
Presentation
We then explain why we can simply consider the first from our two sets of assumptions in order to complete the proofs of the three theorems. These proofs are finally given in Section . In Section , we present two applications of our general theorems. Theses results seem to be new, but concern toy-models. We hope that t...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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fdc7590d27d953ba698c11c732d19c2b2b313e95
subsection
5
77
Elementary notations
In the following, the notation k\ge 1 has generally to be understood as k\in while \ge 0 –resp. c>0– should be understood as \in _+:= [0, \infty ) –resp. c\in _+^* := (0, \infty ). In this context (with m\le n), we denote classical sets of integers by : \quad _+~:= 0,1,2...,\; ~:= 1,2, 3..., \; [\![m, n ]\!]~:= m,\, m+...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 935, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2497607697", "raw": "Rogers, L. C. G., Williams, D.; Diffusions, Markov processes, and martingales; V. 1; Cambridge Math. Library (2000)", "source_ref_id": "9a2d7ebf9e47969d112b66be...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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bb653b14d7186cef41253c49ce416464d40432e7
subsection
6
77
The stochastic process with absorption
We consider a strong Markov processes absorbed at \partial  : the cemetery. More precisely, we assume that X_s = \partial implies X_= \partial for all \ge s. This implies that the extinction time : \quad ~:= \inf \ge 0 X_= \partial \quad is a stopping time. Thus, the family (P_)_{\ge 0} defines a non-conservative semi...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1214/11-ps191", "end": 1636, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3105570868", "raw": "Méléard, S., Villemonais, D.; Quasi-stationary distributions and population processes, Probab. Surveys, V. 9, pp. 340-410 (2012)", "source_ref_...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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c80a6c1f7ab125c5b4769c90077309c50697d8ea
subsection
7
77
Specification on the state space
In the following Theorems, we will always assume : -1 : "Exhaustion of "There exists a sequence (_n)_{n\ge 1} of closed subsets of such that :{n\ge 1} _n \subset _{n+1} ^\circ \quad \text{ and } \quad _{n\ge 1} _n= .This sequence will serve as a reference for the following statements. For instance, we will have control...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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0d983c3582027aa739fe68edb1e759187639f309
subsection
8
77
Hypotheses
Our results rely on a set \mathbf {(A)} of assumptions which is actually implied by a much stronger yet simpler set of assumption \mathbf {(A^{\prime })}. We detail first each basic assumption and then define \mathbf {(A)} and \mathbf {(A^{\prime })} in terms of those.We recall that for any set , we defined the exit an...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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8e3384e09ce4f3c9a688c0ed42196f5ac23fc9f5
subsection
9
77
Hypotheses
Moreover, there exist > and a given set _c \in for which [, _c] and [,_c] hold."Given stronger versions of   and , we no longer need any "survival estimate", so that we can simplify the previous assumption:We say that the (stronger) assumption \mathbf {(A^{\prime })} holds, whenever :",   and [] hold, with some \in . ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.015038391575217247, 0.02636868692934513, -0.04513806477189064, 0.03500565141439438, 0.006931698881089687, -0.08258526027202606, 0.014321187511086464, 0.017975876107811928, 0.044893909245729446, -0.006500613875687122, 0.0010033224243670702, -0.023667728528380394, -0.01793009601533413, 0....
6b92a2bf1f20bcf9ce453963b511fbf512544396
subsection
10
77
Main Theorems : the simplest set of assumptions
Assume that \mathbf {(A)} or \mathbf {(A^{\prime })} holds. Then, there exists a unique QSD \alpha . Moreover, we have exponential convergence to \alpha of the DCNE's at a given rate. More precisely, there exists \zeta >0 and to any pair \ge 0 and \xi >0, we can associate a constant C(,\, \xi ) such that :{> 0} {\mu \i...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-33131-2", "end": 635, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2494822901", "raw": "Collet, P., Martínez, S., San Martín, J.; Quasi-Stationary Distributions, Probab. and Its Appl., Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013)", "...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04435411095619202, 0.027122247964143753, -0.0320521779358387, -0.0035829755943268538, -0.028999589383602142, -0.05036770924925804, 0.024771755561232567, 0.03782156854867935, 0.03388373181223869, 0.02324546128511429, 0.002121548866853118, -0.00616241293027997, -0.030235888436436653, 0.00...
1d10ab55c19f357a2c8379e37032596b10b22a3c
subsection
11
77
Main Theorems : the simplest set of assumptions
It also belongs to the domain of the infinitesimal generator , associated with the semi-group (P_)_{\ge 0} on (B(\cup \lbrace \partial \rbrace ); {.}), and :\, \eta = -\, \eta , \qquad so\quad {\ge 0} P_\, \eta = e^{-\, } \eta . {EFeta}{}Remark : As in , it is also not difficult to show that there is no eigenvalue of ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 396, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Champagnat, N., Villemonais, D.; Exponential convergence to quasi-stationary distribution and Q-process, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields, V. 164, pp. 243–283 (2016)", "source_ref_id": "b0b227641a...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.012985794804990292, 0.02830628491938114, -0.02662774547934532, -0.00011694939894368872, 0.0014458331279456615, -0.01191763300448656, 0.01889120228588581, 0.04184142127633095, 0.015412047505378723, 0.0138784721493721, 0.014641445130109787, 0.015778275206685066, -0.003807233413681388, 0.0...
91c43aacb757c12384092747f9f13c4019458578
subsection
12
77
Main Theorems : the simplest set of assumptions
In other words, for all \varphi \in _b() and \ge 0, \quad \langle \delta _x\, Q_\varphi \rangle = e^{\, }\, \langle \delta _x \,P_\eta \times \varphi \rangle \, / \,\eta (x), \quad where (Q_)_{\ge 0} is the semi-group of X under .(iii) Exponential ergodicity :There is a unique invariant distribution of X under , defin...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.030070412904024124, 0.002744249301031232, -0.0036272150464355946, 0.021526815369725227, -0.02206079103052616, -0.0421687588095665, 0.020245276391506195, 0.05699800327420235, 0.036645933985710144, 0.022411687299609184, -0.012182255275547504, 0.01768219657242298, -0.004855357110500336, 0....
ed01e04e1dcfa6bc82862f46a9eda2b8e1f3a084
subsection
13
77
How to verify ?
For discrete space, it is quite natural to deduce   from the fact that there exists s.t. : \quad \inf _{x\in _c} _{}(X_= x) > 0.\quad We can then couple trajectories from and from x with a time-shift of length (see the birth and death process for an illustration).For continuous space, we need however to wait a bit fo...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.04828348383307457, 0.045933403074741364, -0.019395800307393074, 0.040622830390930176, 0.003321015741676092, 0.01873960718512535, 0.01076611876487732, -0.00040487395017407835, -0.007595798000693321, 0.023348208516836166, 0.008866215124726295, -0.033603109419345856, -0.053868744522333145, ...
1bb8f05a0be1d1ca38d2074064463ff977e59da8
subsection
14
77
Further comparison with the literature
To our knowledge, the kind of dependency on the initial condition \mu that we propose for the convergence has not previously been introduced, except as a specific case of the very new result of . It is however quite natural for the models we have in mind, where extinction plays a stabilizing role, preventing transient...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1214/22-ejp880", "end": 196, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2778006168", "raw": "Champagnat, N., Villemonais, D.; General criteria for the study of quasi-stationarity, preprint on ArXiv : arxiv.org/abs/1712.08092v1 (2017)", ...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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92087864bd7f9e69119c9b605dd4f1652119a84d
subsection
15
77
Remarks on the Assumptions
The counter after each set of Remarks refers to the related assumption.Remark REF  : For any n \ge 1 and any initial condition, the exit time T_{_n} and the hitting time \tau _{_n} are stopping times, as well as any iterated combination of the kind "first hitting time of _n after the exit time of _m" –cf. Theorem 52 in...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/s0304-0208(08)x7141-5", "end": 322, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W1485598997", "raw": "Dellacherie, C., Meyer, P.A.; Probabilities and potential, North Holland (2011)", "source_ref_id": "82b82dbec33a0c4ba4570d72a9f014a...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.029966164380311966, 0.010474425740540028, -0.037839148193597794, 0.013777722604572773, -0.006114531774073839, -0.03655749931931496, -0.005817006342113018, 0.011992569081485271, 0.011992569081485271, 0.01624947413802147, 0.004115770570933819, 0.01592906191945076, -0.02215421199798584, 0....
18b433ed12dccea4288477b8d0dc6122b13b9c6d
subsection
16
77
Remarks on the Assumptions
In any case, we only need to control the process on some finite time-interval to state Rg.{1} Relations between the sets of assumptionsThe following Lemmas notably prove the implication \mathbf {(A^{\prime })} \mathbf {(A)}, and more generally indicates a way to prove . We also obtain a visibly stronger yet equivalent ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.004139841068536043, 0.03427864983677864, -0.003720133798196912, -0.017291944473981857, -0.03348502144217491, -0.011446565389633179, -0.0016769218491390347, 0.04181811958551407, 0.009348028339445591, 0.01591835729777813, -0.03888779878616333, -0.008386516943573952, 0.018100835382938385, ...
98c499e145b50f70039ca874d955bcde7a20df50
subsection
17
77
Regeneration estimate :
: "From mixing to regeneration" Assume that there exists \in and _s\subset _{} such that _s > 0 and   holds. Then, there exists ,\,> 0 and _{^{\prime }}\in s. t. :&{x\in _s} \hspace{14.22636pt} _{x} X_{} \in _s< {\le } X_\in _{^{\prime }} \ge . {Rg}{R_g}: "From regeneration to survival"Assume that there exists t_{rg},...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.0005697131855413318, 0.021327773109078407, -0.04299117624759674, 0.012593760155141354, -0.021419307217001915, -0.058216579258441925, 0.02970327064394951, 0.028406517580151558, -0.013104832731187344, -0.0008219125447794795, 0.003855933202430606, -0.017162907868623734, -0.035729359835386276...
f4876ebf0393f24f5b372790cbdbfbbc7480d474
subsection
18
77
Proof that
By the two previous lemmas, we know that in \mathbf {(A^{\prime })}, we can include w.l.o.g.   for some >0 and _s\in s.t. (_s)>0. Then we can define (arbitrarily) some > and deduce the existence of _c for which   and   hold. This concludes that \mathbf {(A^{\prime })} is indeed stronger than \mathbf {(A)}.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.02389240637421608, 0.06203481927514076, -0.022946475073695183, -0.0027634177822619677, 0.006449881941080093, -0.04696093872189522, 0.01984931156039238, 0.043421320617198944, 0.05223984643816948, 0.004863157402724028, 0.01296079158782959, -0.005248395726084709, -0.017179341986775398, 0.00...
c1abe61ed124525def2b61b07d18026f1e98b9ea
subsection
19
77
Proof of Lemma
To produce a regeneration estimate, we apply   with n_{mx} = . Then, we obtain Rg, where we define t_{rg} the associated value of , ^{\prime }_{rg} the associated value of m_{mx}, c_{rg}~:= \; (_s) >0.Assume Rg. Let x \in _s, ~:= -{t_{rg}} \ln (c_{rg}),T_{}:=\inf \ge 0,\, X_\notin _{} .
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.027917763218283653, 0.033501315861940384, -0.021800264716148376, -0.006945115514099598, -0.02834491990506649, -0.05247929319739342, 0.0015341420657932758, 0.02286815643310547, 0.025263287127017975, 0.020717116072773933, 0.00900843646377325, -0.011182361282408237, -0.039908669888973236, ...
d8b0071f9402dab048d771e72ddeb1f43ce82036
subsection
20
77
Proof of Lemma
By induction over k \in and the Markov property :{k\ge 1}\qquad \inf _{x\in _s} _{x} ( k \, t_{rg} < T_{} ) \ge \exp (- \,k \, t_{rg}).Thus, for a general value of t>0 :&\inf _{x\in _s} _{x} ( < T_{} ) \ge \inf _{x\in _s} _{x} \left\lceil \tfrac{}{t_{rg}} \right\rceil t_{rg} < T_{} \ge \exp - \,\left\lceil \frac{}{t_{r...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.007958225905895233, 0.040836457163095474, -0.015122918412089348, 0.001070125843398273, 0.008843321353197098, -0.003580438671633601, -0.016221657395362854, 0.0007010182016529143, 0.0050625912845134735, 0.02487422525882721, -0.00022091611754149199, 0.0007134171901270747, -0.01687784865498542...
ffa140863b32562669205b28e9a96bb9dd444810
subsection
21
77
Proof of Lemma
\quad {equ}Let n\ge 1, \xi >0. By , we can thus define c_m > 0t_m > 0 \in such that _s > 0 and : {\mu \in }\quad _\mu {X}_{t_m}\in _s \ge \xi \, c_m\, ( _s). We then apply   with the Markov property : {\mu \in }{t_e>0}&_\mu t_e < \ge \xi \, c_m\, ( _s) \times c_{sv} \,e^{\, t_m}\, e^{-\, t_e}. {eqt}Thus, by   and , wi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.005180303938686848, 0.013572548516094685, -0.03433191031217575, 0.03619346395134926, -0.0116041861474514, -0.008781339973211288, -0.055999163538217545, 0.01008595246821642, 0.01354966126382351, 0.028442081063985825, -0.0042151957750320435, -0.028716735541820526, 0.005390109959989786, 0....
06f18aa7580a7fbf9f875a15b62b36e11e28601d
subsection
22
77
Proof of Lemma
Since adaptation is poor outside _{bk}, it is not much more "costly" to impose that the process gets inside and then stay confined in _{out}.Thanks to   and since _s \subset _{bk}, we know that there exists some , t_{bk}, c_{bk} > 0 such that,with still T_{xt}~:= \inf s> 0X_s \notin  :&\hspace{14.22636pt}{x \in _{\ell ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ 0.016127288341522217, 0.0374726764857769, -0.08049912750720978, 0.03518403694033623, -0.012526493519544601, -0.013495351187884808, -0.030713558197021484, 0.013647927902638912, 0.03027108870446682, 0.014128542505204678, -0.005862734746187925, 0.007075714413076639, 0.007213032804429531, 0.01...
b02b46398cc79d1b0fc3a2d91a955e0bdd76451d
subsection
23
77
Proof of Lemma
Indeed, compared to trajectories that stay –almost– inside (in particular those reaching quickly _s and not leaving _m) they vanish in probability with a larger rate : \rho _{eT} > . In practice, we want to do this comparison at the time the process exits _{bk} for the last time before t_e : T^{I(t_e)}_{out}. Yet, it i...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03753087669610977, -0.002362843370065093, -0.0458914116024971, 0.025066353380680084, -0.019253645092248917, -0.005930946208536625, -0.01647697016596794, 0.02894149348139763, -0.01852133497595787, 0.03502881899476051, -0.015492929145693779, -0.03991088271141052, 0.008795345202088356, -0....
1f151255ae03b174b8c852addc961fcf09ff4cb2
subsection
24
77
Proof of Lemma
Finally~: \begin{align*} &P^{\ref {TteOut}} \le ( e_ c_{xt})e^{- (- ) \, t_m} {i\ge 1} _\mu T_{out}^i \le t_e - t_m t_e < T_{out}^{i+1}\wedge \\ &\hspace{28.45274pt} \le ( e_ c_{xt})e^{- (- ) \, t_m} _\mu t_e < , \quad \text{ since the sets are disjoint,} \end{align*} which concludes the proof of Lemma \ref {TteOut} wi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.03907317668199539, 0.024222316220402718, -0.05326772853732109, 0.020543944090604782, 0.011111434549093246, -0.04182050749659538, -0.040385790169239044, 0.03023592196404934, 0.00912724994122982, -0.0014490272151306272, -0.006944646593183279, -0.009707242250442505, -0.0452394112944603, 0....
19e9ccffab11ac1a13a7d3f2babf25b7466987a3
subsection
25
77
An equivalent version of
is equivalent to the apparently stronger version :&\hspace{14.22636pt} {\ge 1} {t_\veebar \ge 0} \hspace{14.22636pt} {> } {\ge t_\veebar } {>0} \\ &\hspace{28.45274pt} {x \in _{}} \hspace{14.22636pt} _x {X}_{}\in dx < {\le } X_\in _{} \ge \, (dx),with the same measure –so that the condition (_s)>0 is preserved.Proof o...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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98e6f1aaea169df7fa6b4494735180519c00b974
subsection
26
77
Birth-and-death process with catastrophes
We choose to illustrate our result with this example for its clear simplicity. We have to admit though that it seems to be also easily treated by the new criteria of (cf. Remark (vi)).To ensure the uniqueness, we will impose that the catastrophe rate is large enough when the population size is large. Biologically, we c...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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d74c6ced25c2729b10f3775705cb23d49bc8ab25
subsection
27
77
Description of the process
X, the population size, is a time-homogeneous Markov Chain on _+ where \partial = 0 the absorbing state and = . Given X_0 = n\ge 1, there is a death with rate d_n>0 (leading to X = n-1), a birth with rate b_n>0 (leading to X = n+1) and a catastrophe with rate c_n\ge 0 (leading to X = 0).Assume that : \quad for some n\...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-662-49455-4", "end": 1684, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2352269056", "raw": "Meleard, S.; Modèles aléatoires en Ecologie et Evolution, Math. et appl., V. 77, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2016)", "source_ref_id":...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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c22b4bf4413c48723f80ec321fafd05a46baab10
subsection
28
77
Description of the process
Then   can easily be adapted with K \in _c = [\![1, n_c ]\!]. The proof of the other assumptions remain the same.Our Theorem REF could also be proved using Theorem 5.1 in with the Lyapunov function \psi _1 \equiv {}. Their is clearly upper-bounded by \inf _{k\ge 1} (b_k + d_k + c_k) –this is the intuition of . We coul...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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e0ca8097606e8be5f7bbd6896533b62d9d0f9055
subsection
29
77
Proof of Theorem
Proof of the exponential convergenceBy 0, let k, n_c\ge 1 and >0 be such that :&0 < ~:= b_k + d_k + c_k \,<\, \,<\, \textstyle {\inf _{\lbrace n \ge n_c +1\rbrace }} c_n := {\rho }_{eT} {RhoBD}{BD} \\ &\hspace{28.45274pt} ~:= \delta _k,\quad _s~:= k , \quad _c~:= [\![1, n_c ]\!]Let _n = [\![1, n\vee k]\!], for n\ge 1. ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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93cf538152f6556ba254e58ad3d018a8a2545edc
subsection
30
77
Proof of Theorem
We can indeed choose := \delta _k, m_{mx} := n and the value of c_Y associated to an arbitrary choice of t_Y = t_{abs}.With i := k and n = n_c, 0  and the Markov property implies :{t>0} {j \in [\![1, n_c ]\!]} \quad _j(t< ) \le (1/c_Y)_k(X_{t_Y} = j t+t_Y< ) \le (1/c_Y)_k(t< ){1} Proof of :    By 0  :{>0} {n \ge n_c +1...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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25fc4294fd3884af6028d8711c4c1d35f1e5eed1
subsection
31
77
Proof of Theorem
Thus, we won^{\prime }t detail it much and refer to \cite {ChpLyap}.Let \in _1(), \ge ~:= \vee and x\in .&_x(< ) \le \, _x_{} (t- < {}) < (t-)\wedge + _x (t-\le \wedge ) {equ}thanks to property , since t-\ge \ge on < (t-)\wedge .By   (with the Markov inequality) and Corollary REF , with u = for the first term of and u ...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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2e6b083bfea40f1a222b88b6fa5372983c751a9f
subsection
32
77
Proof of Theorem
\\&\hspace{56.9055pt} \text{Thus } \langle \mu |\eta _{t}\rangle {t} \langle \mu |\eta \rangle .So, by letting s tend to +\infty in \, :{\ge 0}{\mu \in }\quad |\langle \mu |\eta _{t}\rangle - \langle \mu |\eta \rangle | \le ^2\; C(n,\xi ) \, e^{-\zeta \, }.{1} Step 2 : Characterization of the survival capacity \eta :Th...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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eb90e6316f164186fee1bf7dd739cc61ab5a07f2
subsection
33
77
Proof of Theorem
For t sufficiently large (a priori depending on \mu ), we deduce from , etaInf  and ECvEta : \qquad 0 \le M_s^t \le 2\, e^{s}\,{\eta _\bullet }\ /\ \langle \mu \eta \rangle .\quadThus, by the dominated convergence Theorem, we obtain that \qquad E_\mu (M_s) = 1.By the penalisation’s theorem of Roynette, Vallois and Yor ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/s11537-006-0507-0", "end": 505, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2005439504", "raw": "Roynette, B., Vallois, P., Yor, M.; Some penalisations of the Wiener measure; Jpn. J. Math., V. 1, Issue 1, pp. 263–290 (2006)", "sourc...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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659be92fbc4706b00f5063a435cdbc5c97e79bc0
subsection
34
77
Proof of Theorem
By the previous calculations,   and etaInf, for any >0 :& \left\Vert _\mu (dw < ) - _{\eta _{*} \mu }(dw) \right\Vert _{TV, _} \le _\mu |M_^- M_| \\&\hspace{28.45274pt} \le 4\, e^{}\, \dfrac{{\eta _\bullet }}{\langle \mu \eta \rangle }\, _\mu (|M_^- M_| \ge ) + \\&\text{so } {t} \left\Vert _\mu (dw < ) - _{\eta _{*} \m...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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1ae6929556cea8c2b1a5c9a229b7344de440cbec
subsection
35
77
Proof of Theorem
We prove uniqueness with the next subsection.{1} Step 3 : Proof of ECvBeta :It is relatively easy to adapt the proof of Theorem REF for the case of the Q-process by generalizing Proposition REF into : For J\, t_{db }\le \le , let :&\alpha _{c~: J}^{} (,\, dx) := {k \le J} ()\, 1-^{k-1} \, _{}X[- k\, ] \in dx - k\, <...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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61ade92330aa2f292a6269dd11fe46075b8a3203
subsection
36
77
Proof of Theorem
Then :&{t\in [J\, , ]}\qquad _{\mu }X_{}\in dx <\ge \alpha _{c~: J}^{} (,\, dx).The proof Lemma REF is easily adapted from the proof of Lemma REF once one remarks :&_{\mu }X_{}\in dx^{\prime } <= \dfrac{_\mu (J\, < )}{_\mu (< )} \; _{x^{\prime }}(-< )\; \mu A_{ J\, } P_{- J\, }(dx^{\prime }), \\&_{}X[- k\, ] \in dx -...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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71d0b07b7c0ce87c9e29d28f04d981d665d185d7
subsection
37
77
Proof of Proposition
Proof of the non-uniformityWe consider one of the simplest choice, which is to take b_n, d_n linear in n (the classical Malthus' growth model, without competition) and c_n constant for n\ge 2. We can then choose arbitrarily :&b_1, c_1, \bar{b}, \bar{d} \in (0, \infty )^5, \quad c_2 > (b_1 + c_1), {Bdc}{b,d,c}\\ &d_1 = ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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6f3ec50e584b871c4efafffbcdcb3594c3946005
subsection
38
77
Proof of Proposition
\\&_x ( \tau _N \le < ) \le e^{-c_1\, }\, _x ( \tau _N \le ) \le \; e^{-c_2\,} / 2.Since the extinction rate is upper-bounded by c_2 : _x ( < ) \ge e^{-c_2\, } _x ( \tau _N \le < ) \le /2. Therefore, with also  :&\Vert \delta _1 A_- \delta _x A_\Vert _{TV} \ge _1 (X_\le 2^N < ) - _x (X_\le 2^N < ) & \\&{1} \ge 1- /2 - ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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222da58ec41b1dbe4b194d08ea52cfaa0132449c
subsection
39
77
Adaptation of a population to its environment : application to a diffusion process
In this illustration, the notion of being in a mal-adapted region is quite intuitive and the criteria for the exponential convergence to a unique QSD rather natural. Again, the general proof for this illustrative example is unclear without our techniques, except maybe with those of . Yet, in this case, it is presumably...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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0b84f54a074f4c37388d9ce38ac76b4cb012d44d
subsection
40
77
Presentation of the model
We consider a simple coupled process describing the eco-evolutive dynamics of a population. We model the population size by a logistic Feller diffusion (N_t)_{t\ge 0} where the growth rate (r(X_t))_{t\ge 0} is changing randomly. Namely, the adaptation of the population and the change of the environment are assumed to a...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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fa6b3029b53892923d2edd05664a0c9f51444321
subsection
41
77
A precise theorem for the strong Assumption
In the following, we say that a process (Y_t) on with generator (including possibly an extinction rate \rho _c) satisfies Assumption (H) whenever :For any compact sets K, K^{\prime }\subset with C^2 boundaries s.t. K\subset int(K^{\prime }), 0<t_1<t_2 and positive C^\infty constraints : u_{\partial K^{\prime }} : (\...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/bfb0082920", "end": 1802, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3021722416", "raw": "C. Evans, L.; Partial Differential Equations; Graduate Studies in Mathematics, V. 19, Am. Math. Society (1998)", "source_ref_id": "2122d67d19...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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4c8a4d4fd1ba1a0486a6c9e9b372763c1365ee63
subsection
42
77
A precise theorem for the strong Assumption
We describe the solutions of (S) rather to give an intuition on the parameters for the survival estimate.(ii) The proof would also still hold if in Assumption (H), t_2 happens to depend on K and K^{\prime }.(iii) A priori, the estimates given by the Harnack inequality are usually rough. For more precise estimates, we w...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.009430060163140297, 0.029495639726519585, -0.029556676745414734, 0.012245344929397106, -0.026138661429286003, -0.022507019340991974, 0.04846257343888283, -0.0025883072521537542, -0.01249711774289608, 0.04071100428700447, -0.022217098623514175, -0.004558625165373087, -0.02160673961043358, ...
3374542bf257f192d75f246c0f71ce465c3b52da
subsection
43
77
and are implied by the Harnack inequality
{1} Assumption (H) with Y_t = (X_t, N_t) implies :We define _n a sequence of strictly increasing compact sets with C^2 boundaries whose union is := ^d \times _+^*. For some C^\infty function f with support in _n = K, we apply Assumption (H) with u_{\partial K^{\prime }}(t, y) := f(y) on \lbrace 0\rbrace \times _n and u...
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10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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d6b9554fa0d2142ebb29fce373edd34194c7573d
subsection
44
77
and are implied by the Harnack inequality
Thus, we approximate it on the parabolic boundary [t_,\, \infty ) \times \partial \, \bigcup \, \lbrace t_\rbrace \times by the family (U_k)_{k\ge 1} of smooth –_+^\infty w.l.o.g.– functions. We then deduce approximations of u in [t_,\, \infty ) \times by (smooth) solutions of :&\hspace{28.45274pt} \partial _u_k (, y...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1016/j.spa.2020.12.005", "end": 839, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3128162395", "raw": "Champagnat, N., Villemonais, D.; Lyapunov criteria for uniform convergence of conditional distributions of absorbed Markov processes, preprin...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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ab41075987d8d8e731cd40514e3fbc8076d719a9
subsection
45
77
Discussion about the survival estimate
The issue that we discuss here is the way to deduce a (not too rough) lower-bound on the survival rate. In practice, it is given for an initial condition in an interior subspace, where the process is killed when it exits some compact set _m. For simplicity, assume here for instance that the demographical dynamics (on N...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1007/b97611", "end": 1758, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2082069653", "raw": "Bass, R. F.; Diffusions and Elliptic Operators, Probab. and Its Applications, Springer, New York (1998)", "source_ref_id": "eaf242f85626349c99371...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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aa4d37f8d5da848da16c0e548f0fafa5112ee36f
subsection
46
77
Discussion about the survival estimate
In any case, as long as ETDif holds for some \rho > , our argument will deal with the transitory domain without further condition.In the following, we propose to show how to get some (rough) estimate of the form ETDif for any \rho by taking _c sufficiently large, thus concluding Assumption \mathbf {(A)} and ensuring T...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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f11e151e7af88a07ad85d45a60b8b508fb4a1d04
subsection
47
77
Proof of   for any
{1} Decomposition of the transitory domainThe complementary of c is then made up of 3 subdomains : "y=", "y=0", and "x = ", according to figure \ref {eTD}. Thus, we define: \begin{} \item := ^d \setminus B(0n_c) \times (y_{\infty }, \infty ) \bigcup \; B(0n_c)\times (n_c, \infty )\hfill ("y= \infty ") \item 0 := B(0n_c...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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576d4816d0d39b29bd761b1602b0164bc3f8c40c
subsection
48
77
Proof of   for any
We refer to Appendices A, B and C for the (technical) proofs of the propositions (including the lemmas), but show at the end of this Subsection REF how to deduce   from the three propositions that follow :Given any \rho >0, we can define y_{\infty } > 0 and C_{\infty }^Y \ge 1 s.t., whatever n_c> y_{\infty } :^Y_\inft...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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440ef30bdd7c7416209248395ff77f970233a7e1
subsection
49
77
Proof of   for any
Then, whatever the time t_D >0 (that we choose for the descent) and the error >0, we can find a lower-limit >0 of –sufficently large–, such that ::= \inf t\ge 0, \; Y^D_t \le , { y > 0} {1} _{y} (t_D < ) \leProposition REF relies on the strong negativity on the drift term : Considering any c_Y, t_D >0, with ^D := \in...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 1285, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Pardoux, E; Probabilistic Models of Population Evolution : Scaling Limits, Genealogies and Interactions; Springer (2016)", "source_ref_id": "d08868b3ea9f7e4b2750a14dfd2d9766f01adc79", "...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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1e9113c70cf6323f7f42581ef3f6c982d326b04e
subsection
50
77
Proof of   for any
On the other hand, the restrictions on the transitions are crucial, since otherwise, for instance with a limit-cycle, the process could persist by circulating between these areas.{1} Combine all the inequalities to proveWe will first prove that the inequalities EYi, EXi  and EY0  give an upper-bound of the global supre...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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8b05520736a20f6dddc6a3b70537147be547f560
subsection
51
77
Proof of   for any
To make the inequalities EXi  and EY0  hold, we can just take n_c := n_c^X \vee n_c^0.Remark : What is essential for this proof is the fact that, when all the "exceptional transitions" have been neglected, the graph of transitions has no loop. Then, we have to justify that we can choose the different values for such ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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5b945c0fd8489ef3052490dedadec0ee54051aef
subsection
52
77
Proof of Theorems
In Subsection REF , we present the general principles of our coupling that concludes the proof of Theorem REF . These principles would alone end the proof in the context of the Assumption (A) in . Yet, with our more general assumptions, they rely on the results of the two previous subsections. First, we prove in Subsec...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "", "end": 196, "openalex_id": "", "raw": "Champagnat, N., Villemonais, D.; Exponential convergence to quasi-stationary distribution and Q-process, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields, V. 164, pp. 243–283 (2016)", "source_ref_id": "b0b227641a...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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898437f6b18362fe592f2d04b8c64e8a5de05c51
subsection
53
77
Stabilization of the process in the long run
The main purpose of this section is to prove :Assume that \mathbf {(A)} holds {  plays no role here}. Then, there exists _{xt} = _{n_{xt},\, \xi _{xt}} (with n_{xt} \ge m_{sv}, \xi _{xt} > 0) and, to any pair \ge 0 and \xi >0, we can associate a time t_{xt} = t_{xt}(n, \xi )>0 such that :&{\mu \in } {\ge }\qquad \mu A_...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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c40bc8e0cb49c41da2b0e2f0fa3a755b016befa8
subsection
54
77
Stabilization of the process in the long run
Then, there exists n_{xt} > n_{\ell j}, ~:= _{n_{xt}} and c_{xt} > 0 s.t. with T_{xt}~:= \inf s> 0X_s \notin  :&{x\in _{\ell j}} {t > 0} \hspace{14.22636pt} _{x} < T_{out}^1\wedge T_{xt}\wedge \ge c_{xt}\, \exp [- \, t].: Last exit from _{out}Suppose that , , ,   0, and eqlj hold, with > , _s \subset _{m} \subset _{bk}...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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ac7dd94aeb495b38b1e23554a0f1c7c133a92385
subsection
55
77
Proof that Lemmas
Proof of 0With Lemma REF and REF , we obtain an upper-bound –with high probability– on how much time the process may have spent outside _{out}. Thus, we can associate most of trajectories ending outside _{out} to others ending inside _{out}. From this association, we deduce a lower-bound on the probability to see the p...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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7cdf9d916b162573885c87bf22cdbd936a400d90
subsection
56
77
Proof that Lemmas
Since a.s.\; I(t_e) < \infty (Lemma REF ) :&_\mu t_e - t_m < T_{out}^{I(t_e)}\tau _{bk}^1 \le t_et_e < \\&\hspace{19.91684pt} = {i\ge 1} _\mu _{X_{ T_{out}^i}} t_e - T_{out}^i < {}\wedge {T_{out}^{1}} t_e - t_m < T_{out}^i \\&\hspace{28.45274pt} \le {i\ge 1} _{\mu } t_e - t_m < T_{out}^i \\&\hspace{14.22636pt} \le (e^{...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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d7d45bd065cf4d635675cb1811df122dd7975340
subsection
57
77
Theorem
For the proof of the following Theorem REF , we need the following Corollary of Theorem REF  : "Stability" :Assume \mathbf {(A)}. Then, there exists , >0 such that :&{ u\ge 0} {\ge u + } \hspace{14.22636pt} P_{}(- u < ) \le \; e^{\, u}\; _{}< . {Sb}{Sb}Assume that there exists \rho _{eT} \ge >0, _s \subset , _c \subse...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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84cb580f7fcb515de5a64e3071d8ed2846177879
subsection
58
77
Proof of Corollary
Proof of 0:Since this proof is elementary, we will not go into details :Under some condition t-u\ge t_{sb} that comes from  :&_{}< \ge c_{sv} \,\exp (-\, u) \, _{}t-u < A_{t-u}(_s) , \\&{1} \ge c_{sv} \,\, \, \exp (-\, u) \, _{}t-u < {0}+.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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45f0a365b1af47c7a8b1fd64188f7f33d7dbd167
subsection
59
77
Definition of the expected uncoupled part
With a given set of parameters ,\, ,\, ,\, >0 –cf. following subsection– we define\text{for } > ~:\quad J() ~:= (- )/. {Jtobs}{J()}For \ge 0, \mu \in , > , and k\in , let :&(k, t) = a_{\mu }^{}(k, t) ~:= {k\le J(),\, k\, \le } \times \, ( 1-)^{k-1} \\&\hspace{113.81102pt} \times \dfrac{_\mu (< )}{_\mu (< )} \times \dfr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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d989b56fd6ff26eb03857952d5cb2e1deda316e1
subsection
60
77
Definition of the constants involved
For clarity, we denote by (for horizon of time) the time t that appears in Theorem REF . During this coupling procedure, it will stay fixed, and won't appear in the other sections. The constants c_{ps}, t_{ps}>0 come from Theorem REF , while c_{db}, t_{db}>0 come from this corollary of Theorem REF  : "Coupling and Ren...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.021805718541145325, 0.021271638572216034, -0.022385576739907265, 0.003568798303604126, 0.0030061069410294294, 0.004253564868122339, 0.010673968121409416, 0.0348220095038414, 0.02142423391342163, 0.029801659286022186, -0.005287391133606434, -0.007210078649222851, -0.01968465931713581, 0....
72ce585a4a57e88e168327b01ee4540d7aaeee2c
subsection
61
77
Definition of the constants involved
Subsection REF – such that :&{x\in } _x X_{} \in dx< \ge \; (dx). {eqd}&\hspace{14.22636pt}\text{With } ~:= \; \xi _{rn}\in (0,1),\; ~:= \ge t_{rn}, \text{ we deduce : }\\ &{\mu \in _{rn} } \mu A_{}(dx) \ge \mu ()\, \, (dx) \,\\ &\hspace{71.13188pt} \ge \xi _{rn}\, \, (dx) = \; (dx) \qquad \text{ because } \mu \in _{rn...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
[ -0.02488190308213234, 0.017498187720775604, -0.017940599471330643, -0.012357045896351337, -0.009740708395838737, 0.04286826774477959, 0.003424884984269738, 0.011899377219378948, 0.009222017601132393, 0.01708628609776497, -0.02802455984055996, -0.011586637236177921, -0.009595779702067375, 0...
e1e2ecdb2dea477f83b17c15901f47efe73cdd7c
subsection
62
77
Lower-bound on the marginals
At time t_h, for any initial condition \mu \in _{rn}, the DCNE shall be lower-bounded by :[](dx) &= (;\,dx) ~:= {k \le J()} ()( 1-)^{k-1} \, A_{-k\, }(dx) \ge 0 {eqc}{[] }Remark : The definition of ([t])_{\ge 0} implicitly depends on , , and , but not on \mu , n or \xi .The proof of Theorem REF will be completed thank...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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ca0d69b5a57416b1ff5b4054a277af195f53cbaf
subsection
63
77
Lower-bound on the marginals
By letting ^2 go to infinity in the last inequality, we further get an exponential rate of convergence \zeta , independent of n and \xi , and in particular on \mu .Since immediately : \quad {n \le n^{\prime }} { \xi \ge \xi ^{\prime }> 0} \quad \subset _{n^{\prime },\, \xi ^{\prime }},\quad we deduce \alpha ^{n,\, \xi...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1214/09-aop451", "end": 815, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2951886511", "raw": "Cattiaux, P., and all; Quasi-Stationary Distributions and Diffusion Models in Population Dynamics, The Annals of Probab., V. 37, No. 5, pp. 1926–1969...
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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0a1c7bd7f1abee5017088adb05ba10cef1729f6e
subsection
64
77
Lower-bound on the marginals
Then \mu A_{} \ge [].{1} Proof of Proposition REF with Lemmas REF , REF and REFLet us first assume that \mu \in _{rn}, where we use Proposition REF together with   and 0  to define _{rn} such that Mrn holds.Then, by induction over j\le J(), we state (I_j)~:~r_{j} > 0\text{ and }\nu _j \in _{rn}.\ We initialize at j ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1016/j.spa.2022.02.004
1802.02409
Unique Quasi-Stationary Distribution, with a possibly stabilizing extinction
[ "Aurélien Velleret" ]
[ "math.PR" ]
2,018
en
Mathematics
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