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Piz Rondadura is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland, located on the border between the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. It overlooks Lukmanier Pass and Lake Sontga Maria on its east side.
References
External links
Piz Rondadura on Hikr | country | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"Switzerland"
]
} |
Piz Rondadura is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland, located on the border between the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. It overlooks Lukmanier Pass and Lake Sontga Maria on its east side.
References
External links
Piz Rondadura on Hikr | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"mountain"
]
} |
Piz Rondadura is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland, located on the border between the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. It overlooks Lukmanier Pass and Lake Sontga Maria on its east side.
References
External links
Piz Rondadura on Hikr | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"Ticino"
]
} |
Piz Rondadura is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland, located on the border between the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. It overlooks Lukmanier Pass and Lake Sontga Maria on its east side.
References
External links
Piz Rondadura on Hikr | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Piz Rondadura"
]
} |
Piz Rondadura is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland, located on the border between the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. It overlooks Lukmanier Pass and Lake Sontga Maria on its east side.
References
External links
Piz Rondadura on Hikr | mountain range | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"Lepontine Alps"
]
} |
Following the Sack of Ayutthaya and the collapse of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767) during the Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767), a power vacuum left Siam divided into 5 separate states—Phimai, Phitsanulok, Sawangburi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Thonburi. The Burmese invasion force, having returned to Burma off their successful sack of Ayutthaya and to defend its homeland against an imposing Chinese invasion of Ava, were too preoccupied to take advantage of the power vacuum in Siam.
The state of Thonburi, led by Taksin, prevailed, subjugating its rivals to successfully reunify Siam under the Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782) by 1770/71.To defend his flanks against a future Burmese invasion, Taksin later invaded Lan Na while Hsinbyushin sent small invasion forces to counter Taksin's military operations. Taksin, however, suceeded in driving back the small Burmese invasions and captured Lan Na in 1775, leading to the dying Hsinbyushin to send one last major military expedition to destroy Thonburi in 1775-76.
This second wave of Burmese-Siamese warfare would not end until the early 19th century, depopulating much of Siam while Taksin secured a militaristic Siamese successor state to the Ayutthaya Kingdom at the new Siamese capital of Thonburi (later known as Bangkok).
Background
Origin of Phraya Tak
Phraya Tak was born in 1734 with the name Sin (Thai: สิน) or Zheng Xin (鄭新). His father was a Teochew Chinese merchant and tax collector named Zheng Yong (鄭鏞) who had earlier immigrated from Huafu (華富) village in Chenghai, Guangdong Province to serve in Siam. His mother was named Nok-iang (Thai: นกเอี้ยง) and was of either Siamese or Chinese ethnicity. The story of the early formative years of Phraya Tak is mostly drawn from Miraculous Deeds of Ancestors (Thai: อภินิหารบรรพบุรุษ), a work that was officially published in 1930 and may be attributed to the Thai historian K.S.R. Kulap. According to this narrative, Sin was adopted by a Siamese high-ranking minister and rose through the ranks of Ayutthayan bureaucracy. However, this work was possibly written more than a century after the described events and its historical verifiability is questionable, leading some modern scholars to consider this narrative ahistorical. Most of the sources composed in early Rattanakosin Period described Phraya Tak as being originally a simple Chinese caravan merchant who used his money to buy the position of governorship of Tak town from the court of Ayutthaya. Nevertheless, Sin was appointed as the governor of Tak in 1764 with the title of Phraya Tak. By 1765, Phraya Tak was commanded by the Ayutthayan court to join the defense of the city against the Burmese invasion. Very little was known about Phraya Tak before 1765 as few historical evidences survived.
Burmese Invasions of Ayutthaya
The Mon King Binnya Dala of Hanthawaddy Kingdom seized the Burmese royal city of Ava in 1752, toppling the centuries-old Burmese Toungoo dynasty. The power vacuum left Aung Zeiya, a local Burmese man of Moksobo village (modern Shwebo), to quickly rise powerful in his resistance against the Mon rule. Aung Zeiya declared himself King Alaungpaya of the newfound Konbaung dynasty in 1752. Alaungpaya consolidated his powers in Upper Burma and invaded Lower Burma, which had been under the rule of the Mon Hanthawaddy Kingdom. In 1757, Alaungpaya destroyed the Mon royal capital of Pegu and dissolved the Mon kingdom, unifying both upper and lower Burma under his rule.
After the death of Prince Thammathibet in 1755 in a political incident, King Borommakot of Ayutthaya decided to skip his second son Ekathat in favor of his third son Uthumphon born to his principal queens to be appointed as the new heir, citing the incompetency of Ekathat as the reason of his decision. Borommakot died in April 1758. Three other sons of Borommakot, known as the Three Princes or Chao Sam Krom (Thai: เจ้าสามกรม), who were born to Borommakot's secondary consorts, competed for the throne against Uthumphon in May 1758. Even though Uthumphon prevailed and the Three Princes were eventually killed, he sat for barely a month on the throne as he felt the pressure to relinquish the throne to his elder brother Ekathat. Uthumphon abdicated in June 1758 and became a Buddhist monk, earning him the epithet Khun Luang Hawat (Thai: ขุนหลวงหาวัด, "the king who seeks the temple"). Ekathat eventually ascended the throne as the last king of Ayutthaya. Prince Kromma Muen Thepphiphit (Thai: กรมหมื่นเทพพิพิธ), another son of Borommakot and a political ally of Uthumphon, came up with a conspiracy to overthrow Ekathat and reinstate Uthumphon. However, the seditious plot was leaked and Prince Thepphiphit was exiled to Sri Lanka in 1758.
In January 1760, King Alaungpaya of Burma sent his vanguard army to conquer the Siamese-held towns of Mergui and Tenasserim. Alaungpaya then quickly led his armies to lay siege on Ayutthaya in April 1760. The royal city of Ayutthaya had not been threatened at doorsteps by external invaders since 1587. However, the annual flooding of Ayutthaya and the illness of Alaungpaya compelled the Burmese to retreat. Alaungpaya died on his way back to Burma on that occasion. After involving in a political conflict in Sri Lanka, Prince Thepphiphit was repatriated to Siam in 1762, arriving at the port-town of Tenasserim. King Ekathat was surprised by the return of his half-brother. Ekathat confined the returning Prince Thepphiphit in Chanthaburi on the eastern coast.
Burma conquered Lanna in 1763 and Lao kingdoms of Luang Phrabang and Vientiane in 1765, securing all of the Siamese northern frontiers. In September 1765, the new king Hsinbyushin launched a pincer-movement campaign against Siam by commanding his forces to invade both from the north and the west to converge on Ayutthaya. The Siamese peripheral towns offered little to no resistance as the royal court adopted a defensive strategy by concentrating Siamese forces only in Ayutthaya itself. By February 1766, the Burmese again reached the outskirts of Ayutthaya and laid siege. Chaophraya Phrakhlang led the Siamese forces to attack the Burmese encampments in the northern suburbs. However, Phrakhlang was defeated and retreated. Only with the rear-protection by Phraya Tak that Phrakhlang managed to retreat safely. Prince Thepphiphit at Chanthaburi volunteered himself to rally against the Burmese and gathered his forces at Prachinburi. However, Prince Thepphiphit was defeated either by the Burmese or by the forces sent by Ekathat, who would never trust his brother. The prince ended up fleeing to Nakhon Ratchasima. In November 1766, Phraya Tak and Phraya Phetchaburi Rueang led the Siamese riverine fleet to face the Burmese at Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon. However, the Siamese were defeated with Phraya Phetchaburi Rueang killed in battle. Phraya Tak was then blamed for the fall of his comrade.
Prince Thepphiphit in Phimai
After his defeat at Prachinburi, Prince Thepphiphit went through the Dong Phaya Fai Pass to Nakhon Ratchasima (Khorat). Prince Thepphiphit sent gifts to Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima the governor of Nakhon Ratchasima to seek alliance. Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima rejected the offer and threatened to arrest the prince. Prince Thepphiphit then gathered the force of 450 men and assigned his son Prince Prayong to lead the forces secretly in disguise into the Khorat town. Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima was personally ambushed and assassinated by the forces of Prince Prayong on September 17, 1766. Prince Thepphiphit was then able to take control of Nakhon Ratchasima. However, Luang Phaeng, younger brother of Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima, fled to take refuge at Phimai with Phra Phimai the governor of the town. Five days later, on September 22, Phra Phimai and Luang Phaeng brought forces to attack Khorat. Luang Phaeng managed to retake Khorat to avenge the death of his brother on September 26. Sons of Prince Thepphiphit, including Prince Prayong, were executed. Luang Phaeng proposed to execute Prince Thepphiphit but Phra Phimai intervened. Phra Phimai took the prince with him to Phimai.It turned out that Phra Phimai was loyal to Prince Thepphiphit. Phra Phimai declared Thepphiphit a king at Phimai. Prince Thepphiphit was, therefore, known as Chao Phimai (Thai: เจ้าพิมาย) and appointed Phra Phimai as his Prime Minister with the title of Chaophraya Suriyawong. Two sons of Phra Phimai were granted the titles Phraya Mahamontri and Phraya Worawongsa. Phra Phimai devised a plan to kill Luang Phaeng. Phra Phimai visited Luang Phaeng at Khorat. Luang Phaeng was so trusted in friendship with Phra Phimai that he was unsuspicious of any foul plays. When they had been both watching a traditional performance, Phra Phimai rose up and slashed Luang Phaeng to death with his sword. Phra Phimai then took control over the Nakhon Ratchasima town and left his son Phraya Worawongsa to govern the city. The Phimai regime, under the leadership of Prince Thepphiphit, was conceived in late 1766 with its authority extending over the Khorat Plateau.
Journey of Phraya Tak to Chanthaburi
Departure from Ayutthaya
By January 1767, the situation of Ayutthaya defenders became dire as the food resources depleted and more people kept surrendering to the Burmese besiegers. An earlier incident was that when the Siamese gunpower was low in supplies, King Ekathat ordered that every single Siamese cannon-fire should be pre-permitted by the royal court. Phraya Tak was tried for his unauthorized cannon shot. These events disheartened Phraya Tak. As he became aware that Ayutthaya was incapable of withstanding the Burmese attack, Phraya Tak made his plan to break through the Burmese encirclement to seek for a new position to the east. In the night of January 3, 1767, Phraya Tak gathered his Siamese-Chinese personnel from Ayutthaya, numbering to about 500 men, at Wat Phichai Songkhram temple just outside the eastern city wall of Ayutthaya. These original followers of Phraya Tak included;Phra Chiang-ngeon (Thai: พระเชียงเงิน), the governor of the Chiang-ngeon town near Tak
Luang Phichairacha (Thai: หลวงพิชัยราชา) or Luang Phichai-asa (Thai: หลวงพิชัยอาสา), a son of Phraya Phetchaburi Rueang
Khun Phiphit Wathi (Thai: ขุนพิพิธวาที, personal name Chen Lian 陳聯), a Teochew Chinese
The Cambodian prince Ang Non, who had earlier taken refuge in Ayutthaya in 1758 due to a political conflict in CambodiaApart from these, Thai chronicles also mentioned several other minor names that cannot be identified with any personalities in subsequent periods. Phraya Tak's original followers were mostly adventurous mid-ranking officials. In that night, Phraya Tak led his army of followers to successfully break through the Burmese line to the east before midnight. By midnight, a great fire broke out in Ayutthaya so illuminated that can be seen by Phraya Tak. On the next day, on January 4, the Burmese followed and caught up with Phraya Tak at Phosaohan, about twenty kilometers to the east of Ayutthaya. Phraya Tak led his Chinese-Siamese forces to successfully repel the pursuing Burmese. The victory of Phraya Tak at Phosaohan was the first after his departure from Ayutthaya.
On January 5 the next day, a local leader Khun Chamnan Phraison (Thai: ขุนชำนาญไพรสณฑ์) gave six elephants to Phraya Tak. Khun Chamnan Phraison also led Phraya Tak to Ban Dong (modern Nakhon Nayok town), where Phraya Tak met the first local resistance as the local leaders there refused to submit. The inhabitants of Ban Dong themselves formed an autonomous military encampment, numbering about 1,000 men. Phraya Tak led his own forces of inferior number to attack Ban Dong on January 6. The Ban Dong encampment was defeated and surrendered to Phraya Tak.Phraya Tak continued his journey through Nakhon Nayok, reaching Prachinburi on January 10. Phra Chiang-ngeon followed his master Phraya Tak so slowly that he was left behind. Phraya Tak punished Phra Chiang-ngeon by canning for disobedience. A large Burmese army came from Paknam Cholo on the Bangpakong River towards Phraya Tak at Prachinburi. Phraya Tak then prepared to face the Burmese and stationed his cannons. On January 10, the Burmese reached Phraya Tak at Prachinburi, leading to the Battle of Prachinburi. Phraya Tak ordered all the cannons to fire simultaneously at the Burmese to crush them. This was done three times, only then the Burmese were finally dispersed.After his victory over the Burmese at Prachinburi, Phraya Tak shifted his journey downstream the Bangpakong River towards the Gulf of Siam, reaching Bang Plasoi (Chonburi) on the eastern coast on January 19. He defeated a local resistance at Pattaya and then continued his journey through Chomthien and Sattahip along the eastern coastline, reaching Rayong on January 25.
Phraya Tak in Rayong
In late January 1767, Phraya Tak and his retinue reached the outskirts of Rayong town, where the governor of Rayong arrived to meet with Phraya Tak to seek alliance. On January 21, Phraya Tak moved to settle in Wat Lum Mahachai Chumphon in the Rayong town, where Phraya Tak appointed his subordinate Phra Chiang-ngeon as Phra Thainam the commander of royal mercenary forces. Phraya Tak also elevated the ranks of his followers from Khun to Luang. Phraya Tak had appointed his own royal officials even before becoming a king.Two days later on January 23, however, two men in Rayong informed Phraya Tak that this was a plan to lure Phraya Tak into the trap as the two Rayong officials, namely Khun Ram and Muen Song, were then mustering the forces of 1,500 men from outside the Rayong town to attack Phraya Tak that night. Realizing that he was being deceived, Phraya Tak arrested the governor of Rayong into custody and prepared to face the attacks.
Luang Chamnan Phraison and Phra Chiang-ngoen commanded the Siamese regiments
Luang Phiphit Chen Lien and Luang Phichairacha commanded the Chinese regimentsIn the night of January 23, 1767, Khun Ram and Muen Song brought the forces into the Rayong town, crossing a bridge. Phraya Tak sent his forces to attack his enemies at the bridge, massacring the attackers who were plunged into the water and defeated. Khun Ram and Muen Song then regrouped at Klaeng, to the east of Rayong.
In February 1767, after his victory in Rayong, Phraya Tak announced his plan to subjugate Chanthaburi to bring all of the eastern Siamese coastline under his control. Phraya Tak first tried diplomacy by sending his delegate to demand submission from Phraya Chanthaburi. During the Burmese siege of Ayutthaya, Chao Khrua Lan (Thai: เจ้าขรัวหลาน) had been the governor of Chanthaburi. His name was recorded in Chinese sources as Pu Lan (普蘭). Pu Lan the Phraya Chanthaburi pretended to accept the demands and promised to visit Phraya Tak at Rayong to submit. Phraya Tak waited for ten days without further responses from Phraya Chanthaburi, realizing that Chanthaburi would continue to resist. After their defeat, Khun Ram and Muen Song at Klaeng sent forces to continuously harass Rayong in late March 1767. Phraya Tak then sent forces to attack them. Khun Ram and Muen Song were again defeated and this time fled to Chanthaburi to seek protection from Phraya Chanthaburi.Phraya Tak also decided to seek military assistance from Hà Tiên, which had been ruled by the Cantonese Mạc Thiên Tứ who had been the most prominent Chinese leader in the area by that time, against the Burmese. Phraya Tak assigned Phraya Phichairacha to bear his "royal letter" to Mạc Thiên Tứ, reaching Hà Tiên on March 28, 1767, which became the first contact between Phraya Tak and Mạc Thiên Tứ. In a flattering letter, Phraya Tak professed himself to be an adopted son of Mạc Thiên Tứ. Phraya Phichairacha returned to Rayong a month later on April 27.
In April 1767, a local man in Chonburi named Thongyoo Noklek (Thai: นายทองอยู่นกเล็ก) declared himself a pirate leader and plundered the merchant ships. Phraya Tak marched his fleet from Rayong to subjugate Thongyoo Noklek by sea. Thongyoo Noklek surrendered and submit to Phraya Tak. Phraya Tak then appointed Thongyoo Noklek as Phraya Anuratburi the governor of Chonburi, urging him to cease his pirate activities. At the time of the fall of Ayutthaya in April 1767, the dominions of Phraya Tak stretched from Chonburi to Rayong on the eastern coast.
Fall of Ayutthaya
After enduring the Burmese siege for fourteen months, Ayutthaya finally fell to the Burmese invaders on April 7, 1767. The Burmese thoroughly looted and burnt the city to the grounds, putting the end to 417 years of Ayutthaya being a royal city. King Ekathat, the last king of Ayutthaya, died from either starvation a week later or from a random gunshot amidst confusion. Ekathat was ceremonially buried in the royal cremation grounds. The Burmese victors took about 30,000 inhabitants of Ayutthaya, including the former king Uthumphon, other members of royal family and the noble elite class, back to Burma. After their victory, the Burmese were obliged to withdraw most of its forces from Ayutthaya to the upcoming Sino-Burmese War and did not have time to enforce their occupation on Siam. The Burmese forces left Ayutthaya in June 1767, leaving two garrisons at Phosamton (Thai: โพธิ์สามต้น) to the north of Ayutthaya under the command of the Mon official Thugyi or Suki and at Thonburi under the command of a Siamese man named Thong-in. These two garrisons alone maintained the Burmese presence in Lower Central Siam. Some members of Ayutthayan royal dynasty and nobility, who were unsuitable for long journey, were also left at Phosamton.
Emergence of Warlord Regimes
The fall of Ayutthaya and the Burmese withdrawal left a huge power vacuum in Siam. Siam descended into anarchy with the absence of central authority. The countryside was in turmoil as little authority existed. Numerous petty chieftains and local leaders declared themselves sovereigns. Prominent regional leaders in Siam after the fall of Ayutthaya included;
Prince Thepphiphit of Phimai, who had established the Phimai regime at Phimai in late 1766 in the northeast. Out of the five newly established independent rulers, only Thepphitphit would claim legitimacy to the former Ayutthaya Kingdom.
In the north, Chaophraya Phitsanulok (personal name Rueang), the governor of Phitsanulok, which was the administrative center of Northern Siam, declared himself a ruler at Phitsanulok.
Chao Phra Fang, a local Buddhist monk, established a theocratic regime at Sawangkhaburi in the northernmost Siamese frontiers with his officials including his fellow red-robe-clad monks.
In the south, Phraya Ratchasuphawadi the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ligor) had earlier been commanded to bring forces to join the defense of Ayutthaya. However, Phraya Ratchasuphawadi ended up being imprisoned in Ayutthaya, leaving his deputy Phra Palat Nu to be in charge of Nakhon Si Thammarat. After the fall of Ayutthaya, Phra Palat Nu declared himself Chao Nakhon the ruler of all Southern Siam based in Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Phraya Tak, who had been in Rayong, also declared himself a ruler.
Conquest of Chanthaburi
In the Late Ayutthaya Period, the Teochew Chinese people had immigrated to settle in the eastern Siamese coastal port-towns, most notably in Chonburi and Chanthaburi. Chanthaburi had been a leading Chinese entrepôt. Pu Lan the Phraya Chanthaburi had been cooperating with Khun Ram and Muen Song, the enemies of Phraya Tak. Phraya Chanthaburi sent four Buddhists monks to Rayong to invite Phraya Tak to Chanthaburi in April 1767. Despite knowing it was a trap, Phraya Tak decided to go anyway but not alone. He took two months to prepare his army for the conquest of Chanthaburi. The conquest of Chanthaburi was a turning point in Phraya Tak's career as he would rise from local to regional leader. Phraya Tak and his retinue left Rayong in June 1767, travelling to Chanthaburi by land. Phraya Chanthaburi sent his delegates to intercept Phraya Tak to lure Phraya Tak into crossing the Chanthaburi River where the Chanthaburi forces had been waiting to ambush. Phraya Tak commanded his retinue to stop going that way and instead took position at Tha Chang in the northern outskirts of Chanthaburi.Phraya Tak stayed at Wat Kaew where he encamped and established military defenses. Phraya Chanthaburi also stationed his defensive forces on the city wall. Chanthaburi sent a delegate to meet Phraya Tak, urging Phraya Tak to go into the city. Phraya Tak insisted that Phraya Chanthaburi should come to meet him at Wat Kaew. Phraya Tak also told Phraya Chanthaburi to surrender Khun Ram and Muen Song to Phraya Tak. In the evening of June 15, 1767, Phraya Tak ordered his forces to consume all the remaining food supplies and to destroy all of the cooking pots, pressing that the victory must be accomplished before the next meal. This was done to create a strong urge to successfully take Chanthaburi as, if they failed to do, they would die either in fighting or from starvation. According to a popular version of oral history, he said, "We are going to attack Chanthaburi tonight. Destroy all the food and utensils we have, for we will have our food in Chanthaburi tomorrow morning."Phraya Tak led his forces to assault on Chanthaburi in the night of June 15. Chanthaburi responded with rains of ammunition. A bullet happened to narrowly miss Phraya Tak, who was riding on an elephant. The elephant mahout commanded the elephant to retreat for safety but Phraya Tak threatened to execute the mahout for disobedience and instead used his knife to puncture his elephant, causing it a great pain as it ran amok to destroy the city gate of Chanthaburi. Chanthaburi fell to Phraya Tak in the night of June 15. Phraya Chanthaburi and his family fled to take refuge in Hà Tiên.
Conquest of Trat
After taking Chanthaburi, Phraya Tak and his forces proceeded by land to Trat, the easternmost Siamese port-town on the eastern coast. Phraya Tak found the Teochew Chinese merchant-pirates anchoring at the port of Trat who refused to submit. Phraya Tak then ordered his forces to attack the Chinese pirates. The fighting occurred for half a day until Phraya Tak eventually prevailed. Many of the Chinese pirates were killed in the battle. Chiam (Thai: จีนเจียม) the leader of the pirates submitted to Phraya Tak. De Fels proposed that Chiam was the same person as Chen Tai (陳太, called Trần Thái in Vietnamese), the Teochew Chinese pirate who had earlier attacked Hà Tiên but was defeated by the forces of Mạc Thiên Tứ. With the conquest of Trat, Phraya Tak put the whole eastern Siamese coastline stretching from Chonburi to Trat under his control.
Reconquest of Ayutthaya
Phraya Tak spent three months assembling his navy at a shipyard dock in Ban Samet Ngam, Chanthaburi. In October 1767, at the end of monsoon season, Phraya Tak and his retinue, numbering to 5,000 men, which was ten times larger than his original forces of 500 men when he left Ayutthaya earlier the same year, left Chanthaburi for Chao Phraya River. When he reached Chonburi, Phraya Tak learned that Thongyoo Noklek, whom he had appointed the governor of Chonburi, was still engaging in pirate activities. Phraya Tak then had Thongyoo Noklek arrested and executed by drowning.
Battle of Phosamton
Phraya Tak reached the Paknam Samut Prakarn and proceeded to Thonburi, then a small port just 20 km to the Gulf of Thailand, across the Chao Phraya River from present-day Bangkok, where the Burmese garrison was commanded by the Siamese man Thong-in, on November 4, 1767. Phraya Tak clashed with Thong-in at the Thonburi fort, leading to the Battle of Thonburi on November 4. Phraya Tak prevailed as Thong-in was killed in battle. He then went on to attack the Burmese at Phosamton to the north.
Suki or Thugyi, the Mon commander of the Burmese garrison at Phosamton to the north of Ayutthaya, took defensive positions as Phraya Tak approached. Phraya Tak and his riparian navy sailed upstream the Chao Phraya and eventually reached Phosamton the next day on November 5, leading to the Battle of Phosamton. Suki encamped his defense on both sides of a canal. Phraya Tak's armies managed to capture the east side of the Phosamton encampment, with Suki himself persisting on the west side. Phraya Tak ordered the assault on the western Phosamton, with Phraya Phiphit Chen Lian and Phraya Phichairacha commanding the Chinese regiment as vanguard. In the morning of November 6 the next day, the Chinese regiment attacked Suki. Suki persisted until noon when he was defeated and killed in battle. Few hundred Burmese guarding the garrison were massacred. The Burmese garrison of Phosamton fell to Phraya Tak on November 6, 1767, within seven months after the Fall of Ayutthaya. Phraya Tak managed to seize the Burmese Phosamton camp within two days and his victory at Phosamton was symbolic of liberation of Siam from Burmese occupation.
With the capture of two Burmese garrisons at Thonburi and Phosamton by Phraya Tak in November 1767, the Burmese occupation of Lower Central Siam was virtually eliminated and Phraya Tak took control of the area. Phraya Tak stayed at the house of the deceased Suki, where he received submission from Phraya Thibetbodi the most senior of the remaining Ayutthaya nobles in Phosamton. Phraya Tak found the surviving members of the former royal dynasty and the nobility at Phosamton to be in a deplorable state. Two princesses had already died from illness and poor living conditions. Phraya Tak then ordered the body of the former king Ekathat to be exhumed and given an abbreviated proper royal cremation ceremonies. Phraya Tak rode an elephant to take a look on the city of Ayutthaya. He found the former Siamese royal city to be in ruins, with human corpses and bones scattering around. Phraya Tak initially intended to restore Ayutthaya as the capital city of Siam. However, according to Thai chronicles, that night, Phraya Tak slept at the Ayutthayan royal palace. He dreamt that the former kings of Ayutthaya dismissed him and urged him to leave Ayutthaya. Phraya Tak then decided that Ayutthaya was too ruinous to be restored in a short period of time as he needed a defendable fortress against possible Burmese repercussions. Realizing that Ayutthaya would be difficult to defend against the Burmese, Phraya Tak made the Thonburi port-town near the mouth of Chaophraya his base and capital with close proximity to the sea.
Enthronement of King Taksin
Phraya Tak initially intended to reestablish Ayutthaya as his capital. For strategic reasons, however, Phraya Tak decided not to make his base at Ayutthaya. One of the reason for his decision was the vast destruction inflicted on the former royal city of Ayutthaya itself. Phraya Tak founded Thonburi as his new capital, only twenty kilometers from the Gulf of Siam, to be a suitable port for commerce. There had been a fort (modern Wichaiprasit fort) built by the French at Thonburi in the seventeenth century. Phraya Tak constructed the Thonburi Palace to be his residence just at the fort. Phraya Tak performed the coronation ceremony on December 28, 1767 at the Thonburi Palace. His regnal name was Boromaraja IV but he was known posthumously and popularly as King Taksin—combining his former title Phraya Tak and his personal name Sin. However, the new capital of Thonburi was left bare until 1771 when he king ordered the city moat to be dug and the city wall was erected from the coral tree timber.
Battle of Bangkung
As the Burmese had largely evacuated Siam and had been preoccupied with the Sino-Burmese War, according to Thai chronicles, King Hsinbyushin of Burma ordered the Burmese governor of Tavoy with the name of Maengki Manya (Thai: แมงกี้มารหญ้า) to lead a scouting force through the Three Pagodas Pass into Siam to investigate the situation in 1768. Maengki Manya led the forces of 2,000 Tavoyan men into Siam, marching through Kanchanaburi and reached Bang Kung (Thai: บางกุ้ง) on the Mae Klong River in Samut Songkhram, which had been a Chinese community town, to the west of Thonburi. King Taksin was incognizant about this Burmese advance and was informed only when the Burmese had already attacked the Chinese inhabitants of Bang Kung. The local Chinese took up the defense for themselves at Wat Bang Kung but the Maengki Manya pressed on heavily. King Taksin assigned Phra Mahamontri Boonma as his vanguard with himself leading the Siamese troops to repel the Burmese at Bang Kung, going by sea with twenty vessels. The situation for the Chinese defenders of Bang Kung was critical but King Taksin managed to arrive on time and defeat the Burmese in the Battle of Bangkung in 1768. Maengki Manya the governor of Tavoy was defeated and retreated. The Battle of Bangkung was the first victory of King Taksin over the Burmese after his enthronement as king.
Reunification of Siam
Battle of Koeichai
After taking control of Lower Central Siam, King Taksin of Thonburi then began his campaigns to subjugate the rival warlord regimes and to unify Siam. He first moved against the Phitsanulok regime to the north, whose leader was Chaophraya Phitsanulok Rueang the governor of Phitsanulok before the Fall of Ayutthaya. Many noblemen of the former Ayutthayan elite class had fled to take refuge in regional centers including Phitsanulok, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Phimai, which had become the seats of rival regimes. In 1768, King Taksin marched his combined Chinese-Siamese armies north to attack Phitsanulok, reaching Koeichai in modern Nakhon Sawan province. Chaophraya Phitsanulok sent his commander Luang Kosa Yang (Thai: หลวงโกษายัง) down south to face Taksin at Koeichai, leading to the Battle of Koeichai in 1768. King Taksin and the Thonburi armies were defeated with the king himself got shot at his left leg. Taksin and his armies then retreated south to Thonburi.
After his victory at Koeichai, Chaophraya Phitsanulok Rueang declared himself king in Phitsanulok and underwent a coronation ceremony. Chaophraya Phitsanulok also appointed Phra Aksorn Sunthon (Thai: พระอักษรสุนทรศาสตร์ personal name Thongdi, father of the future King Rama I) as his Samuha Nayok or Prime Minister. However, Chaophraya Phitsanulok Rueang died shortly after from a coughing fit or tuberculosis. He was succeeded by his younger brother Phra In-akorn (Thai: พระอินทรอากร) as the leader of the Phitsanulok regime. Phra Aksorn Sunthon also fell ill and passed away in 1768. Phra In-akorn was proved not to be as competent as his elder brother. Chao Phra Fang, the monk-leader of the theocratic regime of Sawangkhaburi, marched to lay siege on Phitsanulok. Phra In-akorn managed to hold the city for three months until when Chao Phra Fang attacked and successfully seized Phitsanulok in 1768 or 1770. Phra In-akorn was executed and the Phitsanulok regime was incorporated into the regime of Chao Phra Fang. The inhabitants and ammunitions of Phitsanulok were transported to Sawangkhaburi. However, the old nobles who had supported Chaophraya Phitsanulok Rueang gave Chao Phra Fang no supports. Those who were dissatisfied with the rule of Chao Phra Fang migrated south to Thonburi.
Subjugation of the Phimai regime
After his defeat and injury from Koeichai, in 1768, King Taksin recovered and initiated his new campaign to subjugate the Phimai regime to the northeast on the Khorat plateau, which was ruled by the Ayutthayan prince Kromma Muen Thepphiphit who was a son of King Borommakot. Prince Thepphiphit had been a major political figure as he, alone among the five regional contenders, laid claim to the fallen Ayutthayan dynasty and had attracted a large number of followers. Prince Thepphiphit's right hand was Phra Phimai, who served as the Prime Minister, and Phra Phimai's son Phraya Worawongsa governed the city of Nakhon Ratchasima or Khorat. Mongya, a Burmese commander defeated at Phosamton previously in 1767, fled to seek protection under Prince Thepphiphit at Phimai. Taksin declared that he would send armies to pursue and punish Mongya. King Taksin assigned his two commanders Phra Ratchawarin Thongduang (King Rama I) and Phra Mahamontri Boonma (Prince Sura Singhanat) as vanguard with the king himself leading the forces to subjugate the Phimai regime in 1768.
Prince Thepphiphit, upon being informed about the invasion from Thonburi, assigned his own forces to guard the Khorat city;
Phraya Worawongsa would guard the Khorat town at Dan Khun Thot pass to the west of the city.
Phra Phimai, his son Phraya Mahamontri and Mongya the Burmese commander would station at Choho to the of north the Khorat city.King Taksin led his Thonburi armies, crossing the Dong Phaya Fai pass to attack Nakhon Ratchasima. He sent the vanguard under Phra Ratchawarin and Phra Mahamontri to attack Phraya Worawongsa at Dan Khun Thot. King Taksin attacked the Phimai forces at Choho. The Thonburi forces eventually prevailed in both Choho and Dan Khun Thot. Phra Phimai, his son Phraya Mahamontri and Mongya were all captured and executed, while Phraya Worawongsa managed to flee to Siemreap in Cambodia. King Taksin commanded Phra Ratchawarin and Phra Mahamontri to pursue Phraya Worawongsa to Cambodia. However, they were unable to find Worawongsa. King Taksin was then able to take control of Nakhon Ratchasima.
Prince Thepphiphit at Phimai, upon learning of the defeats and deaths of his minister-generals, fled towards Laos. However, a minor Khorat official named Khun Chana (Thai: ขุนชนะ, personal name Boonkhong) managed to personally arrest Prince Thepphiphit and his family and brought them to Taksin. Taksin was rejoiced and rewarded Khun Chana by appointing him as Phraya Kamhaeng Songkhram the new governor of Nakhon Ratchasima under Thonburi regime. After his victory, King Taksin brought Prince Thepphiphit and his family to Thonburi. In an audience, Thepphiphit was summoned before Taksin. Prince Thepphiphit, taking the pride of an Ayutthayan prince, refused to kowtow before King Taksin. Prince Thepphiphit was then executed by being crushed to death with sandalwood club by the orders of King Taksin in 1768. The prince's daughter, Princess Ubol, became a consort of King Taksin. Phra Ratchawarin and Phra Mahamontri were promoted to Phraya Aphai Ronnarit and Phraya Anuchit Racha the commander of the right and left royal guard regiments, respectively.
Conquest of Southern Siam
After the Fall of Ayutthaya, Phra Palat Nu the deputy governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ligor) who had been in charge of the city declared himself a ruler. His power extended over the whole Southern Siam. Phra Palat Nu became known as Chaophraya Nakhon Nu the ruler of Ligor. Nakhon Nu appointed his nephew-in-law Chan, who was a son of Chaophraya Chamnan Borrirak, as his Uparat or heir. The Malay sultanates that used to send bunga mas tributes to Ayutthaya nullified their tributary ties with Siam. In 1769, King Taksin of Thonburi initiated a new campaign to subjugate the Southern Siamese regime of Nakhon Nu. Taksin assigned Chaophraya Chakri Mud the Muslim Prime Minister to lead the Thonburi armies of 5,000 men down south to conquer Southern Siam. Other commanders included Phraya Yommaraj, Phraya Siphiphat and Phraya Phetchaburi. The Thonburi troops marched from Phetchaburi to Pathio. The Southern Siamese inhabitants of Pathio and Chumphon fled into the jungles in the face of Thonburi invasion. The local authorities offered no resistance. As the Thonburi forces approached Chaiya, the deputy governor of Chaiya submitted to Chakri Mud. King Taksin then made the deputy governor the new governor of Chaiya.
Battle of Thamak
Chaophraya Nakhon Nu, upon learning of the Thonburi invasion, assembled his Ligorian forces at Tha Mak (around modern Sichon District) to the north of the Nakhon Si Thammarat city. Chaophraya Chakri Mud led the Thonburi forces to cross the Tapi River and met the Ligorian forces at Thamak, leading to the Battle of Thamak in 1769. The Ligorian forces prevailed. Phraya Siphiphat and Phraya Phetchaburi were killed in battle. Khun Laksamana, a son of Chakri Mud, was captured by the Ligorians. Chakri Mud was then compelled to retreat his armies back to Chaiya. Phraya Yommaraj sent a report to King Taksin at Thonburi, accusing Chaophraya Chakri Mud of incompetency and sedition.
Conquest of Nakhon Si Thammarat
King Taksin realized that the campaign would be unsuccessful without his direct royal leadership. Taksin assembled his royal navy fleet of 10,000 men and 10,000 oarsmen. From Thonburi, Taksin sailed his royal fleet out of Paknam down south in August 1769. On August 20, the royal fleet met a very strong monsoon. According to Thai chronicles, King Taksin performed a ritual to appease the local seaborne spirits and the storm miraculously abated. Taksin disembarked at Chaiya and commanded Phraya Phichairacha to join with Chaophraya Chakri Mud to take Nakhon Si Thammarat as vanguard. Taksin then proceeded from Chaiya to Ligor, crossing the Tapi river.
The Ligorian forces had been taking position at Thamak. Phraya Yommaraj led the Thonburi forces to successfully defeat the Ligorians at Thamak. King Taksin and his royal fleet reached Nakhon Si Thammarat on September 21. Taksin led the attacks on the Ligor city. Chaophraya Nakhon Nu assigned his nephew-in-law and heir Chan to take the defensive position at Tha Pho in the northern outskirts. However, Chan was defeated by the royal forces of King Taksin. Chaophraya Nakhon Nu the ruler of Ligor then hurriedly took his family, including his daughters and his son-in-law Prince Phat, to flee to Songkhla. King Taksin took the city of Nakhon Si Thammarat on September 21, 1769. Chan the heir and followers of Nakhon Nu were captured by the Thonburi forces.
Pursuit of Chaophraya Nakhon Nu
At Songkhla, Luang Songkhla Vithien the governor of Songkhla took Nakhon Nu and his family to flee further to Pattani. Nakhon Nu was joined in refuge by the governors of Songkhla and Phatthalung (The governor of Phatthalung was Phra Phimol or Pia Pimon – the husband of Lady Chan). King Taksin embarked on the campaign to pursue and capture Chaophraya Nakhon Nu. Taksin commanded Phraya Phichairacha to lead the Thonburi armies and Chakri Mud to lead the navy to pursue Nakhon Nu to Songkhla. King Taksin and the royal fleet left Nakhon Si Thammarat on October 6 for Songkhla. Phichairacha and Chakri Mud were informed that Nakhon Nu had already taken refuge in Pattani so they sent a letter to the Sultan of Pattani, urging the sultan to surrender Nakhon Nu and his family. Sultan Muhammad of Pattani was in no position to protect the fugitives and decided to turn the governors of Ligor, Songkhla and Phatthalung over to the Siamese to avoid attack. Nakhon Nu and his family were then captured and sent to Taksin at Songkhla. King Taksin took his political captives back to Nakhon Si Thammarat on November 10, 1769.
King Taksin generously distributed cash and food to the local population of Nakhon Si Thammarat and gave money, rice and robes to the Buddhist monks. In December 1769, Taksin held a three-day celebration event at Wat Phra Mahathat in Ligor. Thonburi officials proposed to execute Chaophraya Nakhon Nu but King Taksin said otherwise. Taksin stated that Nakhon Nu, like Taksin himself, emerged as a leader out of the necessities and inevitability of the situation, in which anarchy prevailed, and should be credited with the defense of southern Siamese frontiers. King Taksin spared the life of Chaophraya Nakhon Nu but took him and his family back to Thonburi to be in custody in March 1770. Taksin appointed his own nephew Prince Chao Nara Suriyawong (Thai: เจ้านราสุริยวงศ์) to be the new governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat under the Thonburi regime.
Aftermath
Chaophraya Nakhon Nu spent seven years of exile in Thonburi. His daughter Lady Chim became a consort of King Taksin and bore him sons. Nakhon Nu and his household were initially placed under house arrest inside the Thonburi city wall. After two years, Nakhon Nu was allowed to establish his own residential compounds at Ban Kruay. Consort Chim was later made Queen Krom Boricha Phakdi Si Sudarak (Thai: กรมบริจาภักดีศรีสุดารักษ์). When Prince Nara Suriyawong of Ligor died in 1776, King Taksin decided to reinstate Nakhon Nu as the governor of Ligor. The king also granted a special status to Nakhon Nu as the 'King of Nakhon Si Thammarat' with the regnal title Phra Chao Khattiya Ratchanikhom (Thai: พระเจ้าขัตติยราชนิคม). Nakhon Nu would remain an autonomous ruler in Ligor until the end of Thonburi regime in 1782.
Conquest of Northern Siam
Origin of Chao Phra Fang
Chao Phra Fang (Thai: เจ้าพระฝาง) was originally a Northern Siamese named Ruean (Thai: เรือน). He travelled to Ayutthaya to study Buddhist Pāli canon and was later appointed as an abbot or patriarch of the Wat Phra Fang temple in the town of Fang (now called Sawangkhaburi in modern Tambon Pha Chuk, Uttaradit) in the northernmost Siamese frontiers. After the Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, the monk Ruean found a white elephant, which was the auspicious symbol of kingship. Ruean then declared himself a ruler in Sawangkhaburi, claiming supernatural powers. He was known epithetically as Chao Phra Fang or 'the Lord of Fang'. Chao Phra Fang appointed his fellow red-robe-clad monks to be his military commanders. Chao Phra Fang led his forces to lay siege and seize Phitsanulok, incorporating the whole Hua Mueang Neua (Thai: หัวเมืองเหนือ) or Northern Siam of the Phitsanulok regime into his theocratic regime. His dominions stretched from Sawangkhaburi in the north to Nakhon Sawan to the south, becoming a formidable opponent of King Taksin by 1770. King Taksin repeatedly condemned Chao Phra Fang as a heterodox monk as Chao Phra Fang had violated the Buddhist Vinaya by engaging in worldly affairs and warfare.
Conquest of Phitsanulok
In May 1770, Chao Phra Fang sent his forces south to pillage the towns of Uthaithai and Chainat for food and resources. The enraged King Taksin was then poised to subjugate and finish the Northern Siamese regime of Chao Phra Fang once and for all. On July 11, 1770, King Taksin assembled his troops of 10,000 men to attack Phitsanulok in the north;
Chaophraya Phichairacha (Thai: เจ้าพระยาพิชัยราชา) would lead the forces of 5,000 men to attack Phitsanulok, taking the western route.
As Phraya Yommaraj had died, Taksin appointed Phraya Anuchitracha Boonma to be the new Phraya Yommaraj. King Taksin assigned Phraya Yommaraj Boonma to lead the forces of 5,000 men to attack Phitsanulok, taking the eastern route.King Taksin also raised his own royal army of 12,000 men to invade Phitsanulok. Phraya Phiphit the acting Phrakhlang, in the name of Thonburi court, had earlier requested the purchase of Western flintlock firearms from the Supreme Government of the Dutch East Indies at Batavia in January 1769. In July 1770, the 2,200 flintlock muskets arrived in Thonburi from Batavia and Terengganu. King Taksin left Thonburi to the north with his royal forces on July 21, 1770. The king marched through Nakhon Sawan and reached Pakphing, an important strategic position locating south of the Phitsanulok city, on August 18, outpacing his vanguard troops who had not yet arrived.
Chao Phra Fang sent Luang Kosa Yang, who had earlier served Chaophraya Phitsanulok Rueang and had previously defeated King Taksin in the Battle of Koeichai in 1768, to defend Phitsanulok. King Taksin sent his royal forces to quickly take Phitsanulok on August 8, 1770, defeating his former nemesis Luang Kosa Yang who fled and disappeared. King Taksin entered Phitsanulok the next day on August 19, worshipping Phra Phuttha Chinnasi and Phra Phuttha Chinnaraj Buddha images at Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat in Phitsanulok. Phraya Yommaraj Boonma arrived in Phitsanulok nine days later and Chaophraya Phichairacha another two days later. Taksin then ordered his two vanguard commanders to proceed to Sawangkhaburi. The water level in the Nan River was low and difficult for the riverine fleet to get through. King Taksin then said that the water level would soon rise. The waters rose three days later, miraculously.
Conquest of Sawangkhaburi
In August 1770, the two vanguard commanders; Chaophraya Phichairacha and Phraya Yommaraj Boonma proceeded to attack Sawangkhaburi. The town of Fang Sawangkhaburi itself was a small wooden fort without a proper city wall. The Thonburi forces laid siege on the town. During the siege, an elephant under the care of Chao Phra Fang gave birth to a young white elephant cub. White elephant was the symbol of the sacred kingship. Chao Phra Fang was shocked as this might be an omen suggesting that the kingship belonged to Taksin. King Taksin, upon learning about the white elephant, was also determined to possess the elephant. Thonburi besiegers easily took Sawangkhaburi. Chao Phra Fang fled into hiding along with the young white elephant.
King Taksin and the royal riparian fleet left Phitsanulok on August 13, sailing north to Sawangkhaburi. Three days later, on August 16, 1770, King Taksin was informed that Sawangkhaburi had fallen to the Thonburi forces and Chao Phra Fang had escaped. Taksin encamped his armies at Khung Taphao. Minor officials managed to catch the young white elephant and brought it to the king on August 19. On August 30, Taksin marched eastward to the Nam Muet canal in efforts to pursue Chao Phra Fang but instead met with Northern Siamese people who had fled into the forests during the warfare. King Taksin encouraged the dispersed people to return to their homes with the king himself returning to Khung Taphao. Taksin then ordered a large-scale search for Chao Phra Fang but was not successful. The Thonburi forces captured the monks who had been military commanders under Chao Phra Fang. King Taksin had them defrocked and deported to Thonburi to be imprisoned.
Purge of Northern Siamese Sangha
On September 25, 1770, King Taksin at Sawangkhaburi declared that all of the Northern Siamese Sangha monks of the Hua Mueang Nuea or Northern Siam were followers of the heretical Chao Phra Fang and, therefore, corrupted. Taksin then ordered the massive laicization of the whole Northern Siamese Sangha. Those who wished to retain their monkhood should undergo a traditional judicial trial. Monks were put to dive into the water in a specific time to prove their innocence as their own sanctity would help them accomplish the task. Those monks who managed to dive long enough were allowed to retain their monkhood, while those who failed were defrocked, whipped and tattooed. King Taksin presided over a grand ceremony to purify the Northern Siamese Sangha, in which sacrifices were made and white clothes were raised to form the holy compounds for the monks to perform their miraculous trials. These events served to purge Northern Siam of any remaining Chao Phra Fang's sympathizers. The robes of the defrocked monks were burnt to get the dye to paint the chedi of Wat Phra Fang Sawangkhaburi temple.
After the purge of Northern Siamese monks, King Taksin appointed fifty Central Siamese monks from Thonburi to be the abbots of various head temples in Northern Siam in Sawangkhaburi, Phichai, Phitsanulok, Sukhothai and Thung Yang. King Taksin held a three-day celebration event at Wat Phra Fang Sawangkhaburi temple on October 14. On October 21, 1770, Taksin returned to Phitsanulok and held another celebration event at Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat.
Aftermath
As King Taksin took control of Hua Mueang Nuea or Northern Siam, the region became the frontline battlefield between Siam and the Burmese invading from the north and the west. In October 1770, Taksin appointed his ablest and most trusted military commanders to be the governors of Northern Siamese cities;
Chaophraya Phichairacha was made Chaophraya Sawankhalok (Thai: เจ้าพระยาสวรรคโลก) the governor of Sawankhalok town.
Phraya Yommaraj Boonma became Chaophraya Surasi Phitsanuwathiraj (Thai: เจ้าพระยาสุรสีห์พิษณุวาธิราช) the governor of Phitsanulok.
Phra Chiang-ngoen became Phraya Sukhothai the governor of the Sukhothai town.
Thongdee was made Phraya Phichai the governor of Phichai town.
Phraya Anurakphuthon (Thai: พระยาอนุรักษ์ภูธร) was made Chaophraya Nakhon Sawan (Thai: เจ้าพระยานครสวรรค์) the governor of Nakhon Sawan.Chao Phra Fang was never found and simply disappeared from history. Prince Damrong suggested that Chao Phra Fang might take refuge with the Burmese in Lanna to the north and might have instigated the Burmese to subsequently attack the Northern Siamese border towns of Sawankhalok in 1771 and Phichai in 1772–1773.
Invasion of Hà Tiên
The last of Taksin's rivals, the Cantonese merchant ruler of Hà Tiên (Banteay Mas), Mạc Thiên Tứ, threatened Taksin's newfound hegemony over Siam by repeatingly attempting to destabilize the new Thonburi Kingdom while Taksin was away from his capital. In a final response, in 1771, Taksin launched a retaliatory land and naval assault on Hà Tiên, which resulted in Mo Thien Tu's flight from the island, ending the last serious threat to Taksin's conquests.
Conclusion
With King Taksin's attack on the port of Hà Tiên in 1771, putting its Cantonese merchant-prince to flight, King Taksin had effectively quelled the last of his rivals over his dominance of a reunified Siam. Taksin managed to occupy almost all of the traditional Ayutthayan territories (with the exception of the Tenasserim Coast) and temporarily captured Hà Tiên, indicating Taksin's future ambitions of expanding outside Ayutthaya's sphere of influence. After the Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, Siam ran the risk of permanent fragmentation into different Thai states. Among the regional leaders, only Taksin made his visionary intention clear that Siam should be unified under his rulership. Efforts by King Taksin to expel the Burmese, subjugate the rival regimes and to unify the kingdom made sure that Siam would remain cohesive as a political and cultural entity. In response to the calamity of 1767, a new Siam emerged with confidence in its ability to lead the region. The successes enabled the Siamese sphere of influence to expand even further afield, within a decade or so.Burma and China finally agreed to a truce in December 1769 and the Sino-Burmese War was reluctantly put to the end. It took a while for the Burmese King Hsinbyushin to realize in 1772 that Siam had recovered and emerged under the new Thonburi regime as the Burmese king initiated his new campaigns to subjugate Siam. However, Siam proved to be more prepared in the face of Burmese invasions than it used to be previously. This eventually culminated in the Burmese–Siamese War (1775–1776), a war that could have destroyed Siam, according to historian Nidhi Eoseewong, and devastated the Northern Cities and Lan Na, depopulating the two regions until well into the 19th century.
See also
King Taksin the Great
Thonburi Kingdom
References
Citations
Sources
Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4 (Hardback), ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2 (Paperback).
Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2014). A History of Thailand. 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107420212.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
Damrong Rajanubhab, Prince (1920). The Thais Fight the Burmese (in Thai). Matichon. ISBN 978-974-02-0177-9.
Wood, W.A.R. (1924). A History of Siam. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. | instance of | {
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Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World is a book written by Christopher Steiner and published by Penguin Group. Steiner begins his study of algorithms on Wall Street in the 1980s but also provides examples from other industries. For example, he explains the history of Pandora Radio and the use of algorithms in music identification. He expresses concern that such use of algorithms may lead to the homogenization of music over time. Steiner also discusses the algorithms that eLoyalty (now owned by Mattersight Corporation following divestiture of the technology) was created by dissecting 2 million speech patterns and can now identify a caller's personality style and direct the caller with a compatible customer support representative.Steiner's book shares both the warning and the opportunity that algorithms bring to just about every industry in the world, and the pros and cons of the societal impact of automation (e.g. impact on employment).
See also
Technological unemployment
Race Against The Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy
== References == | publisher | {
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Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World is a book written by Christopher Steiner and published by Penguin Group. Steiner begins his study of algorithms on Wall Street in the 1980s but also provides examples from other industries. For example, he explains the history of Pandora Radio and the use of algorithms in music identification. He expresses concern that such use of algorithms may lead to the homogenization of music over time. Steiner also discusses the algorithms that eLoyalty (now owned by Mattersight Corporation following divestiture of the technology) was created by dissecting 2 million speech patterns and can now identify a caller's personality style and direct the caller with a compatible customer support representative.Steiner's book shares both the warning and the opportunity that algorithms bring to just about every industry in the world, and the pros and cons of the societal impact of automation (e.g. impact on employment).
See also
Technological unemployment
Race Against The Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy
== References == | main subject | {
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Theridion elegantissimum is a species of spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in Taiwan.
== References == | taxon rank | {
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Theridion elegantissimum is a species of spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in Taiwan.
== References == | parent taxon | {
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Theridion elegantissimum is a species of spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in Taiwan.
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The 1926 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1926 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 4–4 record under ninth-year head coach Tad Jones.Neither the Associated Press nor Collier's Weekly selected any Yale players for their 1926 College Football All-America Teams. However, Yale guard Herbert Sturhahn was named a first-team All-American for 1926 by the All-American Board composed of three coaches, Knute Rockne, Glenn Scobey Warner and Yale's Tad Jones. Sturhahn was also later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Schedule
== References == | season of club or team | {
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Heterachthes nobilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1862.
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Heterachthes nobilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1862.
== References == | parent taxon | {
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Heterachthes nobilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1862.
== References == | taxon name | {
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Crépy is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for white wine in the Savoy wine region of France. The region is on the south side of Lake Geneva. The wines are exclusively white, made from the Chasselas grape variety which is also extensively grown in Switzerland. The wines are light and dry and best drunk young.
== References == | country | {
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Crépy is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for white wine in the Savoy wine region of France. The region is on the south side of Lake Geneva. The wines are exclusively white, made from the Chasselas grape variety which is also extensively grown in Switzerland. The wines are light and dry and best drunk young.
== References == | instance of | {
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Pico Boulevard is a major Los Angeles street that runs from the Pacific Ocean at Appian Way in Santa Monica to Central Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. It is named after Pío Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California.
Description
Pico runs parallel south of Olympic Boulevard and is one of the southernmost major streets leading into Downtown Los Angeles, running north of Venice Boulevard and south of Olympic Boulevard. Numerically, it takes the place of 13th Street (many cities with numbered streets use a named street in place of thirteen).
Major landmarks include Santa Monica College, Santa Monica High School, the Westside Pavilion mall, Fox Studios, the Hillcrest Country Club, the Staples Center, and the Los Angeles Convention Center.
Pico Boulevard starts in the city of Santa Monica and enters the city of Los Angeles near the intersection with Centinela Avenue. The neighborhoods of Los Angeles through which Pico Boulevard travels are among the most culturally diverse in the city. From west to east, they include the Japanese and Persian neighborhoods of Sawtelle, the 11 neighborhoods in the West Los Angeles region which are the predominantly Anglo neighborhoods of Cheviot Hills and Rancho Park, the business and entertainment center of Century City, and the primarily and largely Jewish, African American and Latino neighborhoods of South Robertson, Crestview, South Carthay, Carthay Square, Little Ethiopia, Wilshire Vista and Picfair Village, the Latino Mid-Wilshire subregion, the heavily Korean neighborhoods of Country Club Park and Koreatown, the predominantly Central American neighborhoods of the Byzantine-Latino Quarter and Pico Union, the redeveloping South Park, the Garment District of Downtown Los Angeles and the Mexican-American neighborhood of Boyle Heights.
Notable landmarks
Santa Monica State Beach: California State Park operated by the City of Santa Monica. It is two miles (3 km) long, has a picnic area, shops and pier. Visitor activities include volleyball, basketball and a bicycling and running path along the beach.
Casa del Mar hotel: luxury hotel at base of Pico Boulevard, Club Casa del Mar originally opened in 1926 as a beach club. The building, built in a Renaissance Revival architectural style, became a hotel and recreation center for U.S. service personnel during World War II. After the war, the building underwent different incarnations, becoming, among other things, a drug rehabilitation center and a Pritikin Longevity Center. In 1998, The Edward Thomas Hospitality Corporation acquired the building and converted it into a luxury hotel.
RAND Corporation Headquarters: opened in November 2004, the RAND Corporation new headquarters facility was awarded the U.S. Green Building Council's Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for the environmentally responsible design of the headquarters campus, along with the Los Angeles Architectural Award for corporate headquarters design.
Santa Monica Civic Auditorium: 1855 Main Street (at Pico); 3,000-seat auditorium opened in 1958 and designed in the international style by Welton Becket; home of the Academy Awards ceremony 1961–1968.
Santa Monica High School: 601 Pico Blvd.; public high school opened at same location since 1906; alumni include Dean Cain, Ry Cooder, Carson Daly, Robert Downey, Jr., Daryl Dragon (Captain & Tennille), John Ehrlichman, Emilio Estevez, Glenn Ford, Rob Lowe, Sean Penn, Charlie Sheen, and Heather Thomas.
Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica: 1847 14th Street (at Pico); celebrities buried at Woodlawn include Glenn Ford, Paul Henreid (Victor Laszlo in Casablanca, Charles Bickford (three-time Oscar nominee), Irene Ryan (Granny on The Beverly Hillbillies), Ted Bessell (boyfriend Donald on That Girl)
Santa Monica College: first opened in 1929 as Santa Monica Junior College, current enrollment is 32,000 students; the college also has one of the largest international student populations of any community college in the US, with approximately 3,000 from more than 100 countries.
McCabe's Guitar Shop: Located at 3101 Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, McCabe's is a musical instrument store that opened in 1958 specializing in acoustic and folk instruments: guitars, banjos, mandolins, dulcimers, fiddles, psaltries, bouzoukis, sitars, ouds, ethnic percussion. Since 1969, McCabe's has also been one of the most noted forums for folk concerts.
National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences: Formerly headquartered at 3402 Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, the Recording Academy is a U.S. organization of musicians, producers, recording engineers and other recording professionals dedicated to improving the quality of life and cultural condition for music and its makers. The academy is famous internationally for the Grammy Awards. (NARAS moved to a new location in 2009, although the Pico Boulevard building still stands.)
Pico and Sepulveda: a song by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra (stage name for Freddy Martin's band). The 1947 song was frequently featured on Dr. Demento's radio show. It is about streets in Los Angeles and was composed by Eddie Maxwell and Jule Styne.
The Apple Pan: Located at 10801 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, The Apple Pan restaurant opened in 1947 and is locally famous for its hickory hamburgers and apple pies served with vanilla ice cream. In the first season of Six Feet Under, Nate Fisher (Peter Krause) asks his sister Claire (Lauren Ambrose) if she wants to go to the Apple Pan to eat together.
Rancho Park Golf Course: Located along Pico Boulevard in West Los Angeles, Rancho Park Golf Course was the busiest golf course in the United States with more than 125,000 rounds played. In 2000 Rancho was the only golf course in the United States to have hosted the PGA, LPGA and the Senior PGA. The golf course first opened in 1921 and was built on land that was part of Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes in what was in 1921 the town of Sawtelle, 12 miles (19 km) west of Los Angeles.
Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center: Located at the corner of Motor Avenue and Pico, the Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center includes 14 tennis courts, basketball courts, gym, picnic areas, volleyball courts, archery range, auditorium with stage, amphitheater, and sports fields.
Fox Studio Lot: 20th Century Studios, 20th Century, or simply 20th, is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios. In 1926 Fox acquired 300 acres (1.2 km2) in the open country west of Beverly Hills and built "Movietone City", the best-equipped studio of its time. In 1957, Fox announced plans to develop a portion of its backlot into a new city center. In 1963 the first building, Century City Gateway West, was complete, followed the next year by Minoru Yamasaki's Century Plaza Hotel. The Fox Studio Lot continues as an active film and television studio on the southwest portion of the property, along Pico Boulevard.
Hillcrest Country Club: Located at 10000 West Pico Blvd., is a country club and golf course located across the street from Fox Studios. Hillcrest was the first Los Angeles country club for the city's Jewish community. In old Hollywood, when Jews were not permitted to join non-Jewish country clubs, they instead joined Hillcrest, all of whose members were Jewish. Hillcrest's members have long included many of Hollywood's biggest stars, including Milton Berle, Jack Benny, and George Burns. Even Groucho Marx, who famously proclaimed that he would not want to be a member of any club willing to have him as a member, was a member. Producer Louis B. Mayer reportedly punched producer Sam Goldwyn in the showers at Hillcrest. The 18-hole "Hillcrest" golf course was designed by Willie Watson and opened in 1920.
Simon Wiesenthal Center: With headquarters at 1399 South Roxbury Drive (at Pico), Los Angeles, the Wiesenthal Center was established in 1977 as "an international Jewish human rights organization" dedicated to confronting antisemitism, hate and terrorism, promoting human rights and dignity, standing with Israel, defending the safety of Jews worldwide, and teaching the lessons of the Holocaust for future generations.
Museum of Tolerance: Located at 9786 West Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, the Museum of Tolerance is a multi-media museum opened in 1993. It receives 350,000 visitors annually. In "The Holocaust Section," visitors are divided into groups to take their own place in some of the events of World War II. The museum also features the testimonies of Holocaust survivors. A classroom visit to the museum was featured in the 2007 movie, Freedom Writers. The museum was parodied in an episode of South Park called "The Death Camp of Tolerance".
Roscoe's House of Chicken 'n Waffles: soul food restaurant founded by Herb Hudson, a Harlem native, in 1976. It is best known for serving chicken and waffles. The popularity of Roscoe's was assisted by celebrity support, including Natalie Cole, Redd Foxx (who would tell his television audience that Roscoe's was a place they should eat), Arsenio Hall and Snoop Dogg. Will Smith also made frequent references to Roscoe's on his sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.
Byzantine-Latino Quarter A neighborhood known for its historically Greek American population (Saint Sophia Greek Orthodox Cathedral is just south of Pico), now primarily Latino in population.
St. Thomas the Apostle Church: founded in 1903, St. Thomas the Apostle is one of the oldest parishes in Los Angeles, located at the corner of West Pico Boulevard and Mariposa Avenue. The architecture of the church is from the Spanish renaissance period used in many of the old mission churches.
Los Angeles Convention Center: 720,000 sq ft (67,000 m2) convention center in downtown Los Angeles. The LACC hosts annual events such as the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, Anime Expo, and the Electronic Entertainment Expo. The LACC also gained notoriety for hosting Celebration IV.
Fashion District: The Fashion District is a design, warehouse, and distribution nexus of the clothing, accessories and fabric industry in Downtown Los Angeles. The district spans 90 blocks and is the hub of the apparel industry on the West Coast of the United States. The area also features Santee Alley, a heavily populated "back alley" shopping path between Maple and Santee Streets.
Education and transportation
Pico Boulevard is served by two major bus companies: Santa Monica Transit line 7 (along with the Rapid line 7) and Metro Local line 30, all of which meet in Mid-City at the old Vineyard Junction at Pico and Rimpau Boulevards, a former rail stop of the Pacific Electric Red Car Lines; Santa Monica lines 7 and Rapid 7 run between Ocean Avenue and Wilshire/Western station. Metro line 30 runs between Rimpau Boulevard and Downtown LA. In Downtown Los Angeles, Pico Boulevard intersects with the Metro A Line and E Line light rail, and is served by the station of the same name, while in West Los Angeles, it is served by the E Line’s Expo/Sepulveda station slightly south of its intersection with Sepulveda Boulevard. The Metro J Line bus rapid transit line stops at Figueroa/Pico northbound, and at Flower/Pico southbound. The train station and the J Line stop are directly adjacent to the Staples Center, the Los Angeles Convention Center, the Nokia Theater, and several new housing and entertainment developments in the South Park district.
Bishop Conaty-Our Lady of Loretto High School is located on Pico Boulevard.
In popular culture
The music video for the 1991 single "Unfinished Sympathy" by band Massive Attack features singer Shara Nelson walking along West Pico Boulevard in an unbroken camera shot.
The artist Fatlip walks along Pico Boulevard in the music video What's Up Fatlip? and mentions it in the song.
Pico Boulevard is referenced in rock band Weezer's song, LA Girlz.
The 1947 song "Pico and Sepulveda" by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra (actually Freddy Martin & His Orchestra) was frequently featured on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show.In his poem "Hot," Charles Bukowski abandons his mail truck in the intersection of Pico and Western because it stalls and won't start, and he desperately has to get home on time because his girlfriend leaves whenever he's late.
Act five of the This American Life episode 110: Mapping features Jonathan Gold's process of eating at every restaurant on Pico Boulevard.
"South of Pico" is a feature film that focuses on events in the neighborhoods referenced in its title.
The rapper Kool Keith mentions Pico Blvd. in the song "Baddest MC" on the album Matthew.
American singer, songwriter and model Lana Del Rey mentions Pico Blvd. in the song "Honeymoon" on her 2015 album of the same name.
A shootout in James Cameron's 1984 film The Terminator takes place in Tech Noir, a fictional nightclub on Pico.
The song "Pico Boulevard" was released by Margaret Becker on her album "The Reckoning" (Sparrow, 1988).
Gallery of landmarks along Pico Boulevard
References
External links
"On Pico: What's the Deal" video | maintained by | {
"answer_start": [
26
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"text": [
"Los Angeles"
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} |
Pico Boulevard is a major Los Angeles street that runs from the Pacific Ocean at Appian Way in Santa Monica to Central Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. It is named after Pío Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California.
Description
Pico runs parallel south of Olympic Boulevard and is one of the southernmost major streets leading into Downtown Los Angeles, running north of Venice Boulevard and south of Olympic Boulevard. Numerically, it takes the place of 13th Street (many cities with numbered streets use a named street in place of thirteen).
Major landmarks include Santa Monica College, Santa Monica High School, the Westside Pavilion mall, Fox Studios, the Hillcrest Country Club, the Staples Center, and the Los Angeles Convention Center.
Pico Boulevard starts in the city of Santa Monica and enters the city of Los Angeles near the intersection with Centinela Avenue. The neighborhoods of Los Angeles through which Pico Boulevard travels are among the most culturally diverse in the city. From west to east, they include the Japanese and Persian neighborhoods of Sawtelle, the 11 neighborhoods in the West Los Angeles region which are the predominantly Anglo neighborhoods of Cheviot Hills and Rancho Park, the business and entertainment center of Century City, and the primarily and largely Jewish, African American and Latino neighborhoods of South Robertson, Crestview, South Carthay, Carthay Square, Little Ethiopia, Wilshire Vista and Picfair Village, the Latino Mid-Wilshire subregion, the heavily Korean neighborhoods of Country Club Park and Koreatown, the predominantly Central American neighborhoods of the Byzantine-Latino Quarter and Pico Union, the redeveloping South Park, the Garment District of Downtown Los Angeles and the Mexican-American neighborhood of Boyle Heights.
Notable landmarks
Santa Monica State Beach: California State Park operated by the City of Santa Monica. It is two miles (3 km) long, has a picnic area, shops and pier. Visitor activities include volleyball, basketball and a bicycling and running path along the beach.
Casa del Mar hotel: luxury hotel at base of Pico Boulevard, Club Casa del Mar originally opened in 1926 as a beach club. The building, built in a Renaissance Revival architectural style, became a hotel and recreation center for U.S. service personnel during World War II. After the war, the building underwent different incarnations, becoming, among other things, a drug rehabilitation center and a Pritikin Longevity Center. In 1998, The Edward Thomas Hospitality Corporation acquired the building and converted it into a luxury hotel.
RAND Corporation Headquarters: opened in November 2004, the RAND Corporation new headquarters facility was awarded the U.S. Green Building Council's Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for the environmentally responsible design of the headquarters campus, along with the Los Angeles Architectural Award for corporate headquarters design.
Santa Monica Civic Auditorium: 1855 Main Street (at Pico); 3,000-seat auditorium opened in 1958 and designed in the international style by Welton Becket; home of the Academy Awards ceremony 1961–1968.
Santa Monica High School: 601 Pico Blvd.; public high school opened at same location since 1906; alumni include Dean Cain, Ry Cooder, Carson Daly, Robert Downey, Jr., Daryl Dragon (Captain & Tennille), John Ehrlichman, Emilio Estevez, Glenn Ford, Rob Lowe, Sean Penn, Charlie Sheen, and Heather Thomas.
Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica: 1847 14th Street (at Pico); celebrities buried at Woodlawn include Glenn Ford, Paul Henreid (Victor Laszlo in Casablanca, Charles Bickford (three-time Oscar nominee), Irene Ryan (Granny on The Beverly Hillbillies), Ted Bessell (boyfriend Donald on That Girl)
Santa Monica College: first opened in 1929 as Santa Monica Junior College, current enrollment is 32,000 students; the college also has one of the largest international student populations of any community college in the US, with approximately 3,000 from more than 100 countries.
McCabe's Guitar Shop: Located at 3101 Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, McCabe's is a musical instrument store that opened in 1958 specializing in acoustic and folk instruments: guitars, banjos, mandolins, dulcimers, fiddles, psaltries, bouzoukis, sitars, ouds, ethnic percussion. Since 1969, McCabe's has also been one of the most noted forums for folk concerts.
National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences: Formerly headquartered at 3402 Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, the Recording Academy is a U.S. organization of musicians, producers, recording engineers and other recording professionals dedicated to improving the quality of life and cultural condition for music and its makers. The academy is famous internationally for the Grammy Awards. (NARAS moved to a new location in 2009, although the Pico Boulevard building still stands.)
Pico and Sepulveda: a song by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra (stage name for Freddy Martin's band). The 1947 song was frequently featured on Dr. Demento's radio show. It is about streets in Los Angeles and was composed by Eddie Maxwell and Jule Styne.
The Apple Pan: Located at 10801 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, The Apple Pan restaurant opened in 1947 and is locally famous for its hickory hamburgers and apple pies served with vanilla ice cream. In the first season of Six Feet Under, Nate Fisher (Peter Krause) asks his sister Claire (Lauren Ambrose) if she wants to go to the Apple Pan to eat together.
Rancho Park Golf Course: Located along Pico Boulevard in West Los Angeles, Rancho Park Golf Course was the busiest golf course in the United States with more than 125,000 rounds played. In 2000 Rancho was the only golf course in the United States to have hosted the PGA, LPGA and the Senior PGA. The golf course first opened in 1921 and was built on land that was part of Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes in what was in 1921 the town of Sawtelle, 12 miles (19 km) west of Los Angeles.
Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center: Located at the corner of Motor Avenue and Pico, the Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center includes 14 tennis courts, basketball courts, gym, picnic areas, volleyball courts, archery range, auditorium with stage, amphitheater, and sports fields.
Fox Studio Lot: 20th Century Studios, 20th Century, or simply 20th, is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios. In 1926 Fox acquired 300 acres (1.2 km2) in the open country west of Beverly Hills and built "Movietone City", the best-equipped studio of its time. In 1957, Fox announced plans to develop a portion of its backlot into a new city center. In 1963 the first building, Century City Gateway West, was complete, followed the next year by Minoru Yamasaki's Century Plaza Hotel. The Fox Studio Lot continues as an active film and television studio on the southwest portion of the property, along Pico Boulevard.
Hillcrest Country Club: Located at 10000 West Pico Blvd., is a country club and golf course located across the street from Fox Studios. Hillcrest was the first Los Angeles country club for the city's Jewish community. In old Hollywood, when Jews were not permitted to join non-Jewish country clubs, they instead joined Hillcrest, all of whose members were Jewish. Hillcrest's members have long included many of Hollywood's biggest stars, including Milton Berle, Jack Benny, and George Burns. Even Groucho Marx, who famously proclaimed that he would not want to be a member of any club willing to have him as a member, was a member. Producer Louis B. Mayer reportedly punched producer Sam Goldwyn in the showers at Hillcrest. The 18-hole "Hillcrest" golf course was designed by Willie Watson and opened in 1920.
Simon Wiesenthal Center: With headquarters at 1399 South Roxbury Drive (at Pico), Los Angeles, the Wiesenthal Center was established in 1977 as "an international Jewish human rights organization" dedicated to confronting antisemitism, hate and terrorism, promoting human rights and dignity, standing with Israel, defending the safety of Jews worldwide, and teaching the lessons of the Holocaust for future generations.
Museum of Tolerance: Located at 9786 West Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, the Museum of Tolerance is a multi-media museum opened in 1993. It receives 350,000 visitors annually. In "The Holocaust Section," visitors are divided into groups to take their own place in some of the events of World War II. The museum also features the testimonies of Holocaust survivors. A classroom visit to the museum was featured in the 2007 movie, Freedom Writers. The museum was parodied in an episode of South Park called "The Death Camp of Tolerance".
Roscoe's House of Chicken 'n Waffles: soul food restaurant founded by Herb Hudson, a Harlem native, in 1976. It is best known for serving chicken and waffles. The popularity of Roscoe's was assisted by celebrity support, including Natalie Cole, Redd Foxx (who would tell his television audience that Roscoe's was a place they should eat), Arsenio Hall and Snoop Dogg. Will Smith also made frequent references to Roscoe's on his sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.
Byzantine-Latino Quarter A neighborhood known for its historically Greek American population (Saint Sophia Greek Orthodox Cathedral is just south of Pico), now primarily Latino in population.
St. Thomas the Apostle Church: founded in 1903, St. Thomas the Apostle is one of the oldest parishes in Los Angeles, located at the corner of West Pico Boulevard and Mariposa Avenue. The architecture of the church is from the Spanish renaissance period used in many of the old mission churches.
Los Angeles Convention Center: 720,000 sq ft (67,000 m2) convention center in downtown Los Angeles. The LACC hosts annual events such as the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, Anime Expo, and the Electronic Entertainment Expo. The LACC also gained notoriety for hosting Celebration IV.
Fashion District: The Fashion District is a design, warehouse, and distribution nexus of the clothing, accessories and fabric industry in Downtown Los Angeles. The district spans 90 blocks and is the hub of the apparel industry on the West Coast of the United States. The area also features Santee Alley, a heavily populated "back alley" shopping path between Maple and Santee Streets.
Education and transportation
Pico Boulevard is served by two major bus companies: Santa Monica Transit line 7 (along with the Rapid line 7) and Metro Local line 30, all of which meet in Mid-City at the old Vineyard Junction at Pico and Rimpau Boulevards, a former rail stop of the Pacific Electric Red Car Lines; Santa Monica lines 7 and Rapid 7 run between Ocean Avenue and Wilshire/Western station. Metro line 30 runs between Rimpau Boulevard and Downtown LA. In Downtown Los Angeles, Pico Boulevard intersects with the Metro A Line and E Line light rail, and is served by the station of the same name, while in West Los Angeles, it is served by the E Line’s Expo/Sepulveda station slightly south of its intersection with Sepulveda Boulevard. The Metro J Line bus rapid transit line stops at Figueroa/Pico northbound, and at Flower/Pico southbound. The train station and the J Line stop are directly adjacent to the Staples Center, the Los Angeles Convention Center, the Nokia Theater, and several new housing and entertainment developments in the South Park district.
Bishop Conaty-Our Lady of Loretto High School is located on Pico Boulevard.
In popular culture
The music video for the 1991 single "Unfinished Sympathy" by band Massive Attack features singer Shara Nelson walking along West Pico Boulevard in an unbroken camera shot.
The artist Fatlip walks along Pico Boulevard in the music video What's Up Fatlip? and mentions it in the song.
Pico Boulevard is referenced in rock band Weezer's song, LA Girlz.
The 1947 song "Pico and Sepulveda" by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra (actually Freddy Martin & His Orchestra) was frequently featured on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show.In his poem "Hot," Charles Bukowski abandons his mail truck in the intersection of Pico and Western because it stalls and won't start, and he desperately has to get home on time because his girlfriend leaves whenever he's late.
Act five of the This American Life episode 110: Mapping features Jonathan Gold's process of eating at every restaurant on Pico Boulevard.
"South of Pico" is a feature film that focuses on events in the neighborhoods referenced in its title.
The rapper Kool Keith mentions Pico Blvd. in the song "Baddest MC" on the album Matthew.
American singer, songwriter and model Lana Del Rey mentions Pico Blvd. in the song "Honeymoon" on her 2015 album of the same name.
A shootout in James Cameron's 1984 film The Terminator takes place in Tech Noir, a fictional nightclub on Pico.
The song "Pico Boulevard" was released by Margaret Becker on her album "The Reckoning" (Sparrow, 1988).
Gallery of landmarks along Pico Boulevard
References
External links
"On Pico: What's the Deal" video | named after | {
"answer_start": [
197
],
"text": [
"Pío Pico"
]
} |
Pico Boulevard is a major Los Angeles street that runs from the Pacific Ocean at Appian Way in Santa Monica to Central Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. It is named after Pío Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California.
Description
Pico runs parallel south of Olympic Boulevard and is one of the southernmost major streets leading into Downtown Los Angeles, running north of Venice Boulevard and south of Olympic Boulevard. Numerically, it takes the place of 13th Street (many cities with numbered streets use a named street in place of thirteen).
Major landmarks include Santa Monica College, Santa Monica High School, the Westside Pavilion mall, Fox Studios, the Hillcrest Country Club, the Staples Center, and the Los Angeles Convention Center.
Pico Boulevard starts in the city of Santa Monica and enters the city of Los Angeles near the intersection with Centinela Avenue. The neighborhoods of Los Angeles through which Pico Boulevard travels are among the most culturally diverse in the city. From west to east, they include the Japanese and Persian neighborhoods of Sawtelle, the 11 neighborhoods in the West Los Angeles region which are the predominantly Anglo neighborhoods of Cheviot Hills and Rancho Park, the business and entertainment center of Century City, and the primarily and largely Jewish, African American and Latino neighborhoods of South Robertson, Crestview, South Carthay, Carthay Square, Little Ethiopia, Wilshire Vista and Picfair Village, the Latino Mid-Wilshire subregion, the heavily Korean neighborhoods of Country Club Park and Koreatown, the predominantly Central American neighborhoods of the Byzantine-Latino Quarter and Pico Union, the redeveloping South Park, the Garment District of Downtown Los Angeles and the Mexican-American neighborhood of Boyle Heights.
Notable landmarks
Santa Monica State Beach: California State Park operated by the City of Santa Monica. It is two miles (3 km) long, has a picnic area, shops and pier. Visitor activities include volleyball, basketball and a bicycling and running path along the beach.
Casa del Mar hotel: luxury hotel at base of Pico Boulevard, Club Casa del Mar originally opened in 1926 as a beach club. The building, built in a Renaissance Revival architectural style, became a hotel and recreation center for U.S. service personnel during World War II. After the war, the building underwent different incarnations, becoming, among other things, a drug rehabilitation center and a Pritikin Longevity Center. In 1998, The Edward Thomas Hospitality Corporation acquired the building and converted it into a luxury hotel.
RAND Corporation Headquarters: opened in November 2004, the RAND Corporation new headquarters facility was awarded the U.S. Green Building Council's Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for the environmentally responsible design of the headquarters campus, along with the Los Angeles Architectural Award for corporate headquarters design.
Santa Monica Civic Auditorium: 1855 Main Street (at Pico); 3,000-seat auditorium opened in 1958 and designed in the international style by Welton Becket; home of the Academy Awards ceremony 1961–1968.
Santa Monica High School: 601 Pico Blvd.; public high school opened at same location since 1906; alumni include Dean Cain, Ry Cooder, Carson Daly, Robert Downey, Jr., Daryl Dragon (Captain & Tennille), John Ehrlichman, Emilio Estevez, Glenn Ford, Rob Lowe, Sean Penn, Charlie Sheen, and Heather Thomas.
Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica: 1847 14th Street (at Pico); celebrities buried at Woodlawn include Glenn Ford, Paul Henreid (Victor Laszlo in Casablanca, Charles Bickford (three-time Oscar nominee), Irene Ryan (Granny on The Beverly Hillbillies), Ted Bessell (boyfriend Donald on That Girl)
Santa Monica College: first opened in 1929 as Santa Monica Junior College, current enrollment is 32,000 students; the college also has one of the largest international student populations of any community college in the US, with approximately 3,000 from more than 100 countries.
McCabe's Guitar Shop: Located at 3101 Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, McCabe's is a musical instrument store that opened in 1958 specializing in acoustic and folk instruments: guitars, banjos, mandolins, dulcimers, fiddles, psaltries, bouzoukis, sitars, ouds, ethnic percussion. Since 1969, McCabe's has also been one of the most noted forums for folk concerts.
National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences: Formerly headquartered at 3402 Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, the Recording Academy is a U.S. organization of musicians, producers, recording engineers and other recording professionals dedicated to improving the quality of life and cultural condition for music and its makers. The academy is famous internationally for the Grammy Awards. (NARAS moved to a new location in 2009, although the Pico Boulevard building still stands.)
Pico and Sepulveda: a song by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra (stage name for Freddy Martin's band). The 1947 song was frequently featured on Dr. Demento's radio show. It is about streets in Los Angeles and was composed by Eddie Maxwell and Jule Styne.
The Apple Pan: Located at 10801 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, The Apple Pan restaurant opened in 1947 and is locally famous for its hickory hamburgers and apple pies served with vanilla ice cream. In the first season of Six Feet Under, Nate Fisher (Peter Krause) asks his sister Claire (Lauren Ambrose) if she wants to go to the Apple Pan to eat together.
Rancho Park Golf Course: Located along Pico Boulevard in West Los Angeles, Rancho Park Golf Course was the busiest golf course in the United States with more than 125,000 rounds played. In 2000 Rancho was the only golf course in the United States to have hosted the PGA, LPGA and the Senior PGA. The golf course first opened in 1921 and was built on land that was part of Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes in what was in 1921 the town of Sawtelle, 12 miles (19 km) west of Los Angeles.
Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center: Located at the corner of Motor Avenue and Pico, the Cheviot Hills Park and Recreation Center includes 14 tennis courts, basketball courts, gym, picnic areas, volleyball courts, archery range, auditorium with stage, amphitheater, and sports fields.
Fox Studio Lot: 20th Century Studios, 20th Century, or simply 20th, is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios. In 1926 Fox acquired 300 acres (1.2 km2) in the open country west of Beverly Hills and built "Movietone City", the best-equipped studio of its time. In 1957, Fox announced plans to develop a portion of its backlot into a new city center. In 1963 the first building, Century City Gateway West, was complete, followed the next year by Minoru Yamasaki's Century Plaza Hotel. The Fox Studio Lot continues as an active film and television studio on the southwest portion of the property, along Pico Boulevard.
Hillcrest Country Club: Located at 10000 West Pico Blvd., is a country club and golf course located across the street from Fox Studios. Hillcrest was the first Los Angeles country club for the city's Jewish community. In old Hollywood, when Jews were not permitted to join non-Jewish country clubs, they instead joined Hillcrest, all of whose members were Jewish. Hillcrest's members have long included many of Hollywood's biggest stars, including Milton Berle, Jack Benny, and George Burns. Even Groucho Marx, who famously proclaimed that he would not want to be a member of any club willing to have him as a member, was a member. Producer Louis B. Mayer reportedly punched producer Sam Goldwyn in the showers at Hillcrest. The 18-hole "Hillcrest" golf course was designed by Willie Watson and opened in 1920.
Simon Wiesenthal Center: With headquarters at 1399 South Roxbury Drive (at Pico), Los Angeles, the Wiesenthal Center was established in 1977 as "an international Jewish human rights organization" dedicated to confronting antisemitism, hate and terrorism, promoting human rights and dignity, standing with Israel, defending the safety of Jews worldwide, and teaching the lessons of the Holocaust for future generations.
Museum of Tolerance: Located at 9786 West Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, the Museum of Tolerance is a multi-media museum opened in 1993. It receives 350,000 visitors annually. In "The Holocaust Section," visitors are divided into groups to take their own place in some of the events of World War II. The museum also features the testimonies of Holocaust survivors. A classroom visit to the museum was featured in the 2007 movie, Freedom Writers. The museum was parodied in an episode of South Park called "The Death Camp of Tolerance".
Roscoe's House of Chicken 'n Waffles: soul food restaurant founded by Herb Hudson, a Harlem native, in 1976. It is best known for serving chicken and waffles. The popularity of Roscoe's was assisted by celebrity support, including Natalie Cole, Redd Foxx (who would tell his television audience that Roscoe's was a place they should eat), Arsenio Hall and Snoop Dogg. Will Smith also made frequent references to Roscoe's on his sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.
Byzantine-Latino Quarter A neighborhood known for its historically Greek American population (Saint Sophia Greek Orthodox Cathedral is just south of Pico), now primarily Latino in population.
St. Thomas the Apostle Church: founded in 1903, St. Thomas the Apostle is one of the oldest parishes in Los Angeles, located at the corner of West Pico Boulevard and Mariposa Avenue. The architecture of the church is from the Spanish renaissance period used in many of the old mission churches.
Los Angeles Convention Center: 720,000 sq ft (67,000 m2) convention center in downtown Los Angeles. The LACC hosts annual events such as the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, Anime Expo, and the Electronic Entertainment Expo. The LACC also gained notoriety for hosting Celebration IV.
Fashion District: The Fashion District is a design, warehouse, and distribution nexus of the clothing, accessories and fabric industry in Downtown Los Angeles. The district spans 90 blocks and is the hub of the apparel industry on the West Coast of the United States. The area also features Santee Alley, a heavily populated "back alley" shopping path between Maple and Santee Streets.
Education and transportation
Pico Boulevard is served by two major bus companies: Santa Monica Transit line 7 (along with the Rapid line 7) and Metro Local line 30, all of which meet in Mid-City at the old Vineyard Junction at Pico and Rimpau Boulevards, a former rail stop of the Pacific Electric Red Car Lines; Santa Monica lines 7 and Rapid 7 run between Ocean Avenue and Wilshire/Western station. Metro line 30 runs between Rimpau Boulevard and Downtown LA. In Downtown Los Angeles, Pico Boulevard intersects with the Metro A Line and E Line light rail, and is served by the station of the same name, while in West Los Angeles, it is served by the E Line’s Expo/Sepulveda station slightly south of its intersection with Sepulveda Boulevard. The Metro J Line bus rapid transit line stops at Figueroa/Pico northbound, and at Flower/Pico southbound. The train station and the J Line stop are directly adjacent to the Staples Center, the Los Angeles Convention Center, the Nokia Theater, and several new housing and entertainment developments in the South Park district.
Bishop Conaty-Our Lady of Loretto High School is located on Pico Boulevard.
In popular culture
The music video for the 1991 single "Unfinished Sympathy" by band Massive Attack features singer Shara Nelson walking along West Pico Boulevard in an unbroken camera shot.
The artist Fatlip walks along Pico Boulevard in the music video What's Up Fatlip? and mentions it in the song.
Pico Boulevard is referenced in rock band Weezer's song, LA Girlz.
The 1947 song "Pico and Sepulveda" by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra (actually Freddy Martin & His Orchestra) was frequently featured on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show.In his poem "Hot," Charles Bukowski abandons his mail truck in the intersection of Pico and Western because it stalls and won't start, and he desperately has to get home on time because his girlfriend leaves whenever he's late.
Act five of the This American Life episode 110: Mapping features Jonathan Gold's process of eating at every restaurant on Pico Boulevard.
"South of Pico" is a feature film that focuses on events in the neighborhoods referenced in its title.
The rapper Kool Keith mentions Pico Blvd. in the song "Baddest MC" on the album Matthew.
American singer, songwriter and model Lana Del Rey mentions Pico Blvd. in the song "Honeymoon" on her 2015 album of the same name.
A shootout in James Cameron's 1984 film The Terminator takes place in Tech Noir, a fictional nightclub on Pico.
The song "Pico Boulevard" was released by Margaret Becker on her album "The Reckoning" (Sparrow, 1988).
Gallery of landmarks along Pico Boulevard
References
External links
"On Pico: What's the Deal" video | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pico Boulevard"
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Eunidia sulphurea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1925.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"species"
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Eunidia sulphurea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1925.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Eunidia"
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} |
Eunidia sulphurea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1925.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Eunidia sulphurea"
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} |
The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards, honoured the best Pakistani films of 2012 and took place on 12 October 2013 at Expo Centre, Lahore.During the ceremony, Lux Style Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on ARY Digital. Actor Ahmed Ali Butt hosted the ceremony.
Background
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The awards celebrate "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, and honour the country's best talents in film, television, music, and fashion. Around 30 awards are given annually.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Television
Music
Fashion
Special awards
Best Dressed Celebrity (Female): Aamina Sheikh
Best Dressed Celebrity (Male): Ali Zeeshan
References
== External links == | country | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"Pakistan"
]
} |
The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards, honoured the best Pakistani films of 2012 and took place on 12 October 2013 at Expo Centre, Lahore.During the ceremony, Lux Style Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on ARY Digital. Actor Ahmed Ali Butt hosted the ceremony.
Background
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The awards celebrate "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, and honour the country's best talents in film, television, music, and fashion. Around 30 awards are given annually.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Television
Music
Fashion
Special awards
Best Dressed Celebrity (Female): Aamina Sheikh
Best Dressed Celebrity (Male): Ali Zeeshan
References
== External links == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
410
],
"text": [
"award ceremony"
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The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards, honoured the best Pakistani films of 2012 and took place on 12 October 2013 at Expo Centre, Lahore.During the ceremony, Lux Style Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on ARY Digital. Actor Ahmed Ali Butt hosted the ceremony.
Background
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The awards celebrate "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, and honour the country's best talents in film, television, music, and fashion. Around 30 awards are given annually.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Television
Music
Fashion
Special awards
Best Dressed Celebrity (Female): Aamina Sheikh
Best Dressed Celebrity (Male): Ali Zeeshan
References
== External links == | part of the series | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Lux Style Awards"
]
} |
The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards, honoured the best Pakistani films of 2012 and took place on 12 October 2013 at Expo Centre, Lahore.During the ceremony, Lux Style Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on ARY Digital. Actor Ahmed Ali Butt hosted the ceremony.
Background
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The awards celebrate "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, and honour the country's best talents in film, television, music, and fashion. Around 30 awards are given annually.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Television
Music
Fashion
Special awards
Best Dressed Celebrity (Female): Aamina Sheikh
Best Dressed Celebrity (Male): Ali Zeeshan
References
== External links == | edition number | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"12"
]
} |
The 2013 Lux Style Awards, officially known as the 12th Lux Style Awards, honoured the best Pakistani films of 2012 and took place on 12 October 2013 at Expo Centre, Lahore.During the ceremony, Lux Style Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on ARY Digital. Actor Ahmed Ali Butt hosted the ceremony.
Background
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The awards celebrate "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, and honour the country's best talents in film, television, music, and fashion. Around 30 awards are given annually.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Television
Music
Fashion
Special awards
Best Dressed Celebrity (Female): Aamina Sheikh
Best Dressed Celebrity (Male): Ali Zeeshan
References
== External links == | facet of | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Lux Style Awards"
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The Norristown Cemetery is a historic cemetery off Lock and Dam Road, on the south side of Russellville, Arkansas. It is a small community cemetery, with thirty marked grave sites, the oldest of which is dated 1853 and the newest 1934. It is the only surviving remnant of the community of Norristown, which was an early settlement and the first county seat of Pope County.The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pope County, Arkansas
References
External links
Norristown Cemetery at Find a Grave | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"cemetery"
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} |
The Norristown Cemetery is a historic cemetery off Lock and Dam Road, on the south side of Russellville, Arkansas. It is a small community cemetery, with thirty marked grave sites, the oldest of which is dated 1853 and the newest 1934. It is the only surviving remnant of the community of Norristown, which was an early settlement and the first county seat of Pope County.The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pope County, Arkansas
References
External links
Norristown Cemetery at Find a Grave | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"Arkansas"
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Gornji Petrovci (pronounced [ˈɡoːɾnji pɛˈtɾoːu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Péterhegy, Prekmurje Slovene: Gornji Petrouvci) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Gornji Petrovci.
Churches
There are two churches in Gornji Petrovci. The Roman Catholic parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is a structure that originated in the late 13th century, but was rebuilt on a number of occasions in the following centuries, preserving certain features from each phase. The relatively short nave is Romanesque, with Baroque internal furnishings. The sanctuary is Late Gothic. The local Lutheran church is a large single-nave building and is one of the largest Lutheran churches in Prekmurje. It was built in 1804 and renovated in 1894.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Gornji Petrovci include:
Mátyás Godina (1768–1835), Lutheran pastor and writer
János Hüll (1714–1781), dean of the Slovene March
Sándor Mikola (1871–1945), physics teacher and irredentist
References
External links
Gornji Petrovci on Geopedia | country | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"Slovenia"
]
} |
Gornji Petrovci (pronounced [ˈɡoːɾnji pɛˈtɾoːu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Péterhegy, Prekmurje Slovene: Gornji Petrouvci) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Gornji Petrovci.
Churches
There are two churches in Gornji Petrovci. The Roman Catholic parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is a structure that originated in the late 13th century, but was rebuilt on a number of occasions in the following centuries, preserving certain features from each phase. The relatively short nave is Romanesque, with Baroque internal furnishings. The sanctuary is Late Gothic. The local Lutheran church is a large single-nave building and is one of the largest Lutheran churches in Prekmurje. It was built in 1804 and renovated in 1894.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Gornji Petrovci include:
Mátyás Godina (1768–1835), Lutheran pastor and writer
János Hüll (1714–1781), dean of the Slovene March
Sándor Mikola (1871–1945), physics teacher and irredentist
References
External links
Gornji Petrovci on Geopedia | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"Municipality of Gornji Petrovci"
]
} |
Gornji Petrovci (pronounced [ˈɡoːɾnji pɛˈtɾoːu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Péterhegy, Prekmurje Slovene: Gornji Petrouvci) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Gornji Petrovci.
Churches
There are two churches in Gornji Petrovci. The Roman Catholic parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is a structure that originated in the late 13th century, but was rebuilt on a number of occasions in the following centuries, preserving certain features from each phase. The relatively short nave is Romanesque, with Baroque internal furnishings. The sanctuary is Late Gothic. The local Lutheran church is a large single-nave building and is one of the largest Lutheran churches in Prekmurje. It was built in 1804 and renovated in 1894.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Gornji Petrovci include:
Mátyás Godina (1768–1835), Lutheran pastor and writer
János Hüll (1714–1781), dean of the Slovene March
Sándor Mikola (1871–1945), physics teacher and irredentist
References
External links
Gornji Petrovci on Geopedia | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Gornji Petrovci"
]
} |
Gornji Petrovci (pronounced [ˈɡoːɾnji pɛˈtɾoːu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Péterhegy, Prekmurje Slovene: Gornji Petrouvci) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Gornji Petrovci.
Churches
There are two churches in Gornji Petrovci. The Roman Catholic parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is a structure that originated in the late 13th century, but was rebuilt on a number of occasions in the following centuries, preserving certain features from each phase. The relatively short nave is Romanesque, with Baroque internal furnishings. The sanctuary is Late Gothic. The local Lutheran church is a large single-nave building and is one of the largest Lutheran churches in Prekmurje. It was built in 1804 and renovated in 1894.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Gornji Petrovci include:
Mátyás Godina (1768–1835), Lutheran pastor and writer
János Hüll (1714–1781), dean of the Slovene March
Sándor Mikola (1871–1945), physics teacher and irredentist
References
External links
Gornji Petrovci on Geopedia | capital of | {
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"Municipality of Gornji Petrovci"
]
} |
Gornji Petrovci (pronounced [ˈɡoːɾnji pɛˈtɾoːu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Péterhegy, Prekmurje Slovene: Gornji Petrouvci) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Gornji Petrovci.
Churches
There are two churches in Gornji Petrovci. The Roman Catholic parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is a structure that originated in the late 13th century, but was rebuilt on a number of occasions in the following centuries, preserving certain features from each phase. The relatively short nave is Romanesque, with Baroque internal furnishings. The sanctuary is Late Gothic. The local Lutheran church is a large single-nave building and is one of the largest Lutheran churches in Prekmurje. It was built in 1804 and renovated in 1894.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Gornji Petrovci include:
Mátyás Godina (1768–1835), Lutheran pastor and writer
János Hüll (1714–1781), dean of the Slovene March
Sándor Mikola (1871–1945), physics teacher and irredentist
References
External links
Gornji Petrovci on Geopedia | male population | {
"answer_start": [
959
],
"text": [
"194"
]
} |
Zahasmi Bin Ismail (born 9 November 1961) is a Malaysian former footballer and currently the head coach of Malaysia Premier League side, Kelantan United.
Career as a player
Zahasmi began his football career in 1986 playing for his hometown team, Kelantan FA. He mainly played as a central defender. He spent playing for the team until 1994 before he signed for a two-year contract with Terengganu FA in 1995 and 1996. Known as a strong, tenacious, commanding and physical defender, Zahasmi was known for his aggressive tackling, positioning, leadership and his ability to read the game, he is considered to be one of the best central defenders of his generation and labeled as 'The Tank'. Zahasmi return to Kelantan in 1997 and played for 3 seasons for the team before playing for JKR Kelantan in 2000. He retired as a footballer in 2004 last played for, JKR Kelantan.
Controversial issues
On 18 June 1994, Zahasmi was involved with an incident after assaulting Selangor FA forward, Zsolt Bücs, during the Premier League match held in Merdeka Stadium. He later was banned from playing for 6-months after being found guilty in the incident.
Coaching career
Zahasmi coaching career started in 2011 as head coach for Kelantan's youth team. He has brought the team to become King's Gold Cup champion and Malaysian President's Cup champion in 2011. Later in 2012, he was then appointed as assistant coach of Kelantan FA senior team with Bojan Hodak as head coach.
On 20 December 2015, he was appointed as head coach of Malaysia third tier league club, MOF F.C. playing for Malaysia FAM League. MOF finished second in the Group B league table.On 30 November 2016, Zahasmi was appointed the successor of Velizar Popov at Kelantan FA becoming new head coach for 2017 season. His experience with Kelantan football in being crucial in making him the new head coach for the team. He also took over as the interim head coach of the club in 2015 when Azraai Khor left the head coach position.
Managerial statistics
As of 9 September 2017.
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"Kelantan"
]
} |
Zahasmi Bin Ismail (born 9 November 1961) is a Malaysian former footballer and currently the head coach of Malaysia Premier League side, Kelantan United.
Career as a player
Zahasmi began his football career in 1986 playing for his hometown team, Kelantan FA. He mainly played as a central defender. He spent playing for the team until 1994 before he signed for a two-year contract with Terengganu FA in 1995 and 1996. Known as a strong, tenacious, commanding and physical defender, Zahasmi was known for his aggressive tackling, positioning, leadership and his ability to read the game, he is considered to be one of the best central defenders of his generation and labeled as 'The Tank'. Zahasmi return to Kelantan in 1997 and played for 3 seasons for the team before playing for JKR Kelantan in 2000. He retired as a footballer in 2004 last played for, JKR Kelantan.
Controversial issues
On 18 June 1994, Zahasmi was involved with an incident after assaulting Selangor FA forward, Zsolt Bücs, during the Premier League match held in Merdeka Stadium. He later was banned from playing for 6-months after being found guilty in the incident.
Coaching career
Zahasmi coaching career started in 2011 as head coach for Kelantan's youth team. He has brought the team to become King's Gold Cup champion and Malaysian President's Cup champion in 2011. Later in 2012, he was then appointed as assistant coach of Kelantan FA senior team with Bojan Hodak as head coach.
On 20 December 2015, he was appointed as head coach of Malaysia third tier league club, MOF F.C. playing for Malaysia FAM League. MOF finished second in the Group B league table.On 30 November 2016, Zahasmi was appointed the successor of Velizar Popov at Kelantan FA becoming new head coach for 2017 season. His experience with Kelantan football in being crucial in making him the new head coach for the team. He also took over as the interim head coach of the club in 2015 when Azraai Khor left the head coach position.
Managerial statistics
As of 9 September 2017.
== References == | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"Malaysia"
]
} |
Zahasmi Bin Ismail (born 9 November 1961) is a Malaysian former footballer and currently the head coach of Malaysia Premier League side, Kelantan United.
Career as a player
Zahasmi began his football career in 1986 playing for his hometown team, Kelantan FA. He mainly played as a central defender. He spent playing for the team until 1994 before he signed for a two-year contract with Terengganu FA in 1995 and 1996. Known as a strong, tenacious, commanding and physical defender, Zahasmi was known for his aggressive tackling, positioning, leadership and his ability to read the game, he is considered to be one of the best central defenders of his generation and labeled as 'The Tank'. Zahasmi return to Kelantan in 1997 and played for 3 seasons for the team before playing for JKR Kelantan in 2000. He retired as a footballer in 2004 last played for, JKR Kelantan.
Controversial issues
On 18 June 1994, Zahasmi was involved with an incident after assaulting Selangor FA forward, Zsolt Bücs, during the Premier League match held in Merdeka Stadium. He later was banned from playing for 6-months after being found guilty in the incident.
Coaching career
Zahasmi coaching career started in 2011 as head coach for Kelantan's youth team. He has brought the team to become King's Gold Cup champion and Malaysian President's Cup champion in 2011. Later in 2012, he was then appointed as assistant coach of Kelantan FA senior team with Bojan Hodak as head coach.
On 20 December 2015, he was appointed as head coach of Malaysia third tier league club, MOF F.C. playing for Malaysia FAM League. MOF finished second in the Group B league table.On 30 November 2016, Zahasmi was appointed the successor of Velizar Popov at Kelantan FA becoming new head coach for 2017 season. His experience with Kelantan football in being crucial in making him the new head coach for the team. He also took over as the interim head coach of the club in 2015 when Azraai Khor left the head coach position.
Managerial statistics
As of 9 September 2017.
== References == | member of sports team | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"Kelantan FA"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
654
],
"text": [
"Gyulaháza"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"Hungary"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | member of political party | {
"answer_start": [
1836
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"text": [
"Hungarian Democratic Forum"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | native language | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"Hungarian"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
383
],
"text": [
"astronaut"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | award received | {
"answer_start": [
1629
],
"text": [
"Hero of the Soviet Union"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | family name | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Farkas"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bertalan"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | military branch | {
"answer_start": [
921
],
"text": [
"Hungarian Air Force"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bertalan Farkas"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | astronaut mission | {
"answer_start": [
1308
],
"text": [
"Soyuz 36"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"Hungarian"
]
} |
Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025.
Early life and military career
Born in Gyulaháza, he graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok in 1969. He then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in the Soviet Union, from where he graduated in 1972.
After earning his qualifications at university, Farkas joined the Hungarian Air Force and rose to the rank of Brigadier General.
He also attended the Bessenyei György Gimnázium in Kisvárda.
Intercosmos program
In 1978 he volunteered to become a cosmonaut and was selected as part of the fifth international programme for Interkosmos. His backup cosmonaut was Béla Magyari.
Farkas, along with Soviet cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was launched into space on Soyuz 36 from Baikonur Cosmodrome on May 26, 1980, at 18:20 (UTC).
While in orbit, Farkas conducted experiments in materials science. After 7 days, 20 hours and 45 minutes, and having completed 124 orbits, Farkas and Kubasov returned to Earth, landing 140 km southeast of Jezkazgan. Bertalan Farkas was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on June 30, 1980.
Personal life
Farkas is married to Anikó Farkas, and has four children: Gábor, Aida, Ádám and Bertalan. He loves tennis and plays it often.
He was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a Hungarian conservative political party, and was its candidate at the 2006 parliamentary election in the Baktalórántháza election district. He holds the rank of Commander (CLJ) in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem in Hungary.
References
External links
Spacefacts biography of Bertalan Farkas
His biography at Hungary.hu | number of children | {
"answer_start": [
1314
],
"text": [
"3"
]
} |
The 4th SS Police Regiment (German: SS-Polizei-Regiment 4) was named the 4th Police Regiment (Polizei-Regiment 4) when it was temporarily formed in 1939 from existing Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units for security duties during the invasion of Poland. The second formation was ordered in 1942 from existing Order Police battalions in Occupied France. It was redesignated as an SS unit in early 1943.
Formation and organization
The 4th Police Regiment was formed on 16 September 1939 in Kielce, Poland, from elements of Police Group 6 (Polizeigruppe 6) for security duties in the rear area of the 3rd Army during the invasion of Poland. The regimental headquarters was redesignated as Police Regiment Warsaw (Polizei-Regiment Warschau) around November.The regiment was ordered to be reformed in July 1942 in France, but the regimental headquarters was not formed until 16 April 1943; in the meantime its battalions were controlled by Police Regiment Griese (Polize-Regiment Griese). Police Battalion 316 in Upper Carniola, Slovenia, and Police Battalion 323 in Occupied Poland were redesignated as the regiment's first and second battalions, respectively, and the third battalion was newly formed. The first two battalions were transferred to France shortly afterwards. All of the police regiments were redesignated as SS police units on 24 February 1943.
Notes
References
Arico, Massimo. Ordnungspolizei: Encyclopedia of the German Police Battalions, Stockholm: Leandoer and Ekholm (2010). ISBN 978-91-85657-99-5
Tessin, Georg & Kannapin, Norbert. Waffen-SS under Ordnungspolizei im Kriegseinsatz 1939–1945: Ein Überlick anhand der Feldpostübersicht, Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag (2000). ISBN 3-7648-2471-9 | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
644
],
"text": [
"regiment"
]
} |
Sphenomorphus senja is a species of skink found in Malaysia.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Sphenomorphus senja is a species of skink found in Malaysia.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sphenomorphus"
]
} |
Sphenomorphus senja is a species of skink found in Malaysia.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sphenomorphus senja"
]
} |
Norbert Harrison Davis (April 18, 1909 - July 28, 1949) was an American crime fiction author.
Norbert Davis was born in Morrison, Illinois, where he grew up. At the end of the 1920s his family moved to Southern California and by the end of 1934 he was to receive his law degree from Stanford University but never bothered to take the bar exam. He started writing short stories for Black Mask in 1932 and lived in the Los Angeles area. He also contributed to Dime Detective, Double Detective, Detective Fiction Weekly, Argosy, and The Saturday Evening Post. From 1943 he published the detective novels The Mouse in the Mountain (Morrow 1943) (also published in paperback under the titles Rendezvous with Fear and Dead Little Rich Girl), Sally's in the Alley (Morrow 1943), Oh, Murderer Mine (Quinn Publishing 1946), all three novels featuring Doan, a private investigator, and Carstairs, a Great Dane. His Murder Picks the Jury (Samuel Curl 1947) was written in collaboration with W. T. Ballard under the authorship 'Harrison Hunt'.
A complete collection of his Max Latin stories from Dime Detective called The Complete Cases of Max Latin was published in 2014 by Altus Press. A complete collection of his Doan and Carstairs stories Doan and Carstairs: Their Complete Cases was published by Altus Press in 2016. 'The Adventures of Max Latin' was put out by Mysterious Press in 1988.
Davis's writing was greatly admired by Ludwig Wittgenstein.Davis died on July 28, 1949, an apparent suicide following a diagnosis of cancer.
See also
Detective Story Magazine
Frances Crane
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"Morrison"
]
} |
Norbert Harrison Davis (April 18, 1909 - July 28, 1949) was an American crime fiction author.
Norbert Davis was born in Morrison, Illinois, where he grew up. At the end of the 1920s his family moved to Southern California and by the end of 1934 he was to receive his law degree from Stanford University but never bothered to take the bar exam. He started writing short stories for Black Mask in 1932 and lived in the Los Angeles area. He also contributed to Dime Detective, Double Detective, Detective Fiction Weekly, Argosy, and The Saturday Evening Post. From 1943 he published the detective novels The Mouse in the Mountain (Morrow 1943) (also published in paperback under the titles Rendezvous with Fear and Dead Little Rich Girl), Sally's in the Alley (Morrow 1943), Oh, Murderer Mine (Quinn Publishing 1946), all three novels featuring Doan, a private investigator, and Carstairs, a Great Dane. His Murder Picks the Jury (Samuel Curl 1947) was written in collaboration with W. T. Ballard under the authorship 'Harrison Hunt'.
A complete collection of his Max Latin stories from Dime Detective called The Complete Cases of Max Latin was published in 2014 by Altus Press. A complete collection of his Doan and Carstairs stories Doan and Carstairs: Their Complete Cases was published by Altus Press in 2016. 'The Adventures of Max Latin' was put out by Mysterious Press in 1988.
Davis's writing was greatly admired by Ludwig Wittgenstein.Davis died on July 28, 1949, an apparent suicide following a diagnosis of cancer.
See also
Detective Story Magazine
Frances Crane
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"Davis"
]
} |
Norbert Harrison Davis (April 18, 1909 - July 28, 1949) was an American crime fiction author.
Norbert Davis was born in Morrison, Illinois, where he grew up. At the end of the 1920s his family moved to Southern California and by the end of 1934 he was to receive his law degree from Stanford University but never bothered to take the bar exam. He started writing short stories for Black Mask in 1932 and lived in the Los Angeles area. He also contributed to Dime Detective, Double Detective, Detective Fiction Weekly, Argosy, and The Saturday Evening Post. From 1943 he published the detective novels The Mouse in the Mountain (Morrow 1943) (also published in paperback under the titles Rendezvous with Fear and Dead Little Rich Girl), Sally's in the Alley (Morrow 1943), Oh, Murderer Mine (Quinn Publishing 1946), all three novels featuring Doan, a private investigator, and Carstairs, a Great Dane. His Murder Picks the Jury (Samuel Curl 1947) was written in collaboration with W. T. Ballard under the authorship 'Harrison Hunt'.
A complete collection of his Max Latin stories from Dime Detective called The Complete Cases of Max Latin was published in 2014 by Altus Press. A complete collection of his Doan and Carstairs stories Doan and Carstairs: Their Complete Cases was published by Altus Press in 2016. 'The Adventures of Max Latin' was put out by Mysterious Press in 1988.
Davis's writing was greatly admired by Ludwig Wittgenstein.Davis died on July 28, 1949, an apparent suicide following a diagnosis of cancer.
See also
Detective Story Magazine
Frances Crane
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Norbert"
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} |
Norbert Harrison Davis (April 18, 1909 - July 28, 1949) was an American crime fiction author.
Norbert Davis was born in Morrison, Illinois, where he grew up. At the end of the 1920s his family moved to Southern California and by the end of 1934 he was to receive his law degree from Stanford University but never bothered to take the bar exam. He started writing short stories for Black Mask in 1932 and lived in the Los Angeles area. He also contributed to Dime Detective, Double Detective, Detective Fiction Weekly, Argosy, and The Saturday Evening Post. From 1943 he published the detective novels The Mouse in the Mountain (Morrow 1943) (also published in paperback under the titles Rendezvous with Fear and Dead Little Rich Girl), Sally's in the Alley (Morrow 1943), Oh, Murderer Mine (Quinn Publishing 1946), all three novels featuring Doan, a private investigator, and Carstairs, a Great Dane. His Murder Picks the Jury (Samuel Curl 1947) was written in collaboration with W. T. Ballard under the authorship 'Harrison Hunt'.
A complete collection of his Max Latin stories from Dime Detective called The Complete Cases of Max Latin was published in 2014 by Altus Press. A complete collection of his Doan and Carstairs stories Doan and Carstairs: Their Complete Cases was published by Altus Press in 2016. 'The Adventures of Max Latin' was put out by Mysterious Press in 1988.
Davis's writing was greatly admired by Ludwig Wittgenstein.Davis died on July 28, 1949, an apparent suicide following a diagnosis of cancer.
See also
Detective Story Magazine
Frances Crane
== References == | manner of death | {
"answer_start": [
1483
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"text": [
"suicide"
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
276
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"text": [
"Lys"
]
} |
Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
8929
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"text": [
"Dragonstone"
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | occupation | {
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | killed by | {
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | creator | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | performer | {
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | Commons category | {
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
== References == | cause of death | {
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
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Lord Varys is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.
Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Varys is a former slave eunuch from the fictional city of Lys and the master of whisperers in King's Landing. He subsequently appeared in Martin's books A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000), and A Dance with Dragons (2011). He proves to be a key ally to Ned Stark and Tyrion Lannister at court, but his true motives remain shrouded in mystery to those who employ his services.
Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.
Character overview
Varys is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Ned Stark, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister.
Background
Varys was born as a slave in the Free City of Lys and joined a travelling acting troupe. While the troupe was performing in Myr, a sorcerer bought the young Varys from the troupe's leader, drugged Varys before removing his genitals and burning them in a brazier in a blood magic ritual, and afterwards cast him into the streets. Varys turned to begging, prostitution, and ultimately theft to survive, but soon became known in Myr and fled to Pentos. There he befriended a poor sellsword, Illyrio Mopatis, with whom he teamed up to steal valuables from other thieves and return them to their owners for a fee. Varys eventually realized that there was more to gain from stealing secrets instead of valuables and trained his spies to copy information from the wealthy and powerful. Varys and Illyrio became rich, and Varys' reputation reached the ears of the King of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen, who appointed Varys as his Master of Whisperers. Jaime claims that Aerys saw traitors everywhere, and Varys was quick to point out any he missed. Apparently, when Rhaegar Targaryen intended to use a Tourney at Harrenhal to call a Great Council to deal with his father's instability, and possibly dethrone him, Varys warned Aerys, and they attended the tourney. Sometime prior to the Sack of King's Landing, Varys allegedly had Rhaegar's infant son Aegon swapped with a lowborn baby and smuggled to Essos to be raised in hiding by Rhaegar's friend Jon Connington, who was exiled by the Mad King for failing to defeat Robert. Varys remains Master of Whisperers after Robert Baratheon seizes the Iron Throne but his true loyalties are implied to lie with Aegon, with his motivations and reasons for supporting Aegon largely remaining a mystery.
Description
Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing. As Master of Whisperers he is on the small council. He is feared by nobles and common people alike. He knows all of the secret passages in the royal castle, and his spies are found everywhere. He is a skilled manipulator and commands a network of informants across two continents. He often puts on the public persona of being nothing more than a bald, pudgy man well suited to the pleasantries of court life; humble, obsequious, fawning, and a little effeminate. This is simply a facade that Varys has developed, which often leads those who do not know him well to underestimate him as a cheerful and vapid flatterer. In reality he is a cunning and ruthless manipulator of court politics, on par with Master of Coin, Petyr Baelish ("Littlefinger"). Unlike Littlefinger, Varys insists that his goals are to achieve what he honestly feels is best for the realm.
Storylines
In the books
A Game of Thrones
Soon after Eddard Stark's arrival in King's Landing, Varys warns him that Robert's wife Cersei Lannister intends to kill Robert and offers his help to Eddard in investigating the Lannisters. He later meets in secret with Illyrio to discuss stalling a war between Houses Stark and Lannister until the right moment; this is overheard by Arya Stark, but she is unable to identify the men. When Robert is ultimately killed, Varys remains spymaster for his heir Joffrey and suggests that Ser Barristan Selmy be blamed for Robert's death. Selmy is removed from the Kingsguard and ultimately defects to Daenerys Targaryen, which may have been Varys' plan all along. Varys visits Eddard in captivity and convinces him to plead guilty to treason and join the Night's Watch in order to save the life of his daughters Sansa and Arya, which would also avert war between the Starks and Lannisters, and Ned eventually agrees. Varys is horrified, however, when Joffrey has Ned executed anyway and tries in vain to dissuade the King whilst Littlefinger smugly looks on. In the aftermath, Varys arranges for Robert's bastard Gendry to join the Night's Watch, to avoid being killed by Cersei.
A Clash of Kings
Varys is the first to learn that Tyrion Lannister has brought his mistress Shae with him to King's Landing, and tells Tyrion of a route that he can use to visit her. He forms an uneasy alliance with Tyrion to share the information gathered by his spy network.
A Storm of Swords
Varys continues to facilitate Tyrion and Shae's trysts, but testifies against Tyrion when Tyrion is tried for Joffrey's murder. After Tyrion is sentenced to death, Jaime Lannister forces Varys to help Tyrion escape. As Varys and Tyrion escape through the secret passages of the Red Keep, Tyrion decides to seek out his father Tywin's chambers. Varys protests but gives Tyrion the exact directions to Tywin's room. It is likely Varys took advantage of the situation to have Tywin killed, weakening a chief rival of House Targaryen's.
A Feast for Crows
After helping Tyrion escape, Varys disappears. A Red Keep turnkey, Rugen, disappears at the same time, and a Tyrell coin is found in his chambers. This cements Cersei's distrust of House Tyrell, although she is unaware Rugen is merely a disguise of Varys'.
A Dance with Dragons
Varys sneaks into the Red Keep to kill Grand Maester Pycelle. He also lures Lord Regent Kevan Lannister into Pycelle's chambers and mortally wounds him. As Kevan dies, Varys explains that his death was necessary to destabilise the Seven Kingdoms in preparation for Aegon Targaryen's invasion, before ordering his little birds to finish Kevan off.
In the show
Season 1 and 2
Varys' storyline remains, for the most part, identical between the first two seasons of the show and the books.
Season 3
After Littlefinger's confidante Ros is severely beaten by Joffrey's guards and Littlefinger fails to intervene, Varys takes Ros into his service as a spy. Littlefinger finds out and sells her to the sadist Joffrey, taunting the eunuch that Varys could not protect her. Varys affirms his course as a means to prevent chaos befalling the realm, claiming that Littlefinger "would see the Seven Kingdoms burn, if he could be king over the ashes."
Season 4
Varys informs Tyrion that Cersei has discovered his relationship with Shae. Although Varys claims he will not lie for him, he implores Tyrion to send Shae away for her own safety. Varys later testifies against Tyrion at his trial for murdering Joffrey, but when Tyrion is convicted, Jaime enlists Varys' help in smuggling Tyrion out of King's Landing to Essos. As Varys prepares to return to the Red Keep, he hears the tolling bells, making him realise that Tyrion's escape has been discovered (along with his murder of Tywin), and he joins Tyrion on the voyage to Essos
Season 5
Varys and Tyrion arrive in Pentos, where Varys reveals his allegiance to House Targaryen and convinces Tyrion to travel with him to Meereen and aid Daenerys Targaryen in retaking the Iron Throne. While in Volantis, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont. Varys journeys on to Meereen, where he arrives to discover Tyrion in control of the city in Daenerys' absence. He offers Tyrion the use of his spy network to maintain order in the city.
Season 6
Varys discovers that the Meereenese insurgency, the Sons of the Harpy, are funded by the masters of Yunkai and Astapor and the slavers of Volantis, and brokers a meeting between Tyrion and representatives of those cities. The slavers agree to a truce with Tyrion, and Meereen begins to prosper. Varys departs for the Seven Kingdoms, telling Tyrion that he will seek out allies for Daenerys. His ultimate destination is Dorne, where Ellaria Sand has killed Doran Martell in anger at his inaction against the Lannisters and seized power. There he meets and forms alliances with Ellaria and Olenna Tyrell, who also seeks vengeance against Cersei, as Cersei's machinations have caused the death of all the other Tyrells. Varys returns to Meereen with ships from Dorne and the Reach, and sets sail for Westeros with Daenerys and her army.
Season 7
Varys, along with Daenerys and her entire army, reaches Dragonstone. While in Dragonstone, Varys helps in planning the attack against Cersei. Daenerys thanks him for getting the support of The Reach and Dorne, but confronts Varys for his past allegiances. Varys defends himself by saying that he doesn't serve any King/Queen but serves the people. Daenerys forgives him but warns Varys not to betray her, or else she would burn him alive. Varys then tells Daenerys of Euron Greyjoy's attack as well as defeat of Highgarden against the Lannister army. While talking with Tyrion, Varys criticizes Daenerys for burning Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive. He also reads the raven sent from Winterfell before informing Jon Snow. Varys accompanies Daenerys, Jon, and others to King's Landing to discuss a truce with Cersei.
Season 8
During the White Walkers' attack on Winterfell, Varys shelters in the crypts with the other non-combatants, and survives the Night King's reanimation of those buried in the crypts. In the aftermath of the battle, Varys observes Daenerys' dismay at not being lauded by the Northerners. He accompanies her court back to Dragonstone to prepare to attack King's Landing, and is told by Tyrion that Jon Snow is secretly Rhaegar's son and thus the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. The fleet is ambushed by Euron Greyjoy's Iron Fleet and Missandei is captured and executed. After failing to convince Tyrion to help him install Jon as king, or (it is implied) to poison Daenerys, Varys openly approaches Jon and suggests that he become king. Jon rebuffs him, and Tyrion reveals Varys' betrayal to Daenerys. Daenerys has Varys brought before her and has Drogon burn him alive.
TV adaptation
Varys is played by the Northern Irish actor Conleth Hill in the television adaption of the series of books. Author George R. R. Martin wrote about the casting of Hill as Varys, "Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life."
Recognition and awards
External links
Varys - A Wiki of Ice & Fire
Eunuchs at Court - Fact Behind Fiction
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Frank Sandeman (born 28 August 1936) was a Scottish football player and manager, who played as an inside forward for Heart of Midlothian.
External links
London Hearts profile
Frank Sandeman at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Database | position played on team / speciality | {
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Frank Sandeman (born 28 August 1936) was a Scottish football player and manager, who played as an inside forward for Heart of Midlothian.
External links
London Hearts profile
Frank Sandeman at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Database | family name | {
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Frank Sandeman (born 28 August 1936) was a Scottish football player and manager, who played as an inside forward for Heart of Midlothian.
External links
London Hearts profile
Frank Sandeman at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Database | given name | {
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Frank Sandeman (born 28 August 1936) was a Scottish football player and manager, who played as an inside forward for Heart of Midlothian.
External links
London Hearts profile
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Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, the son of Agron who was too young to rule as king. When the Romans were occupied with their own problems, he had grown stronger as an ally of Macedonia and also by conquering Dimallum. Together with Scerdilaidas, he sailed south of Lissus and broke the Roman treaty, attacking Roman allies in the Adriatic and devastating and plundering many cities in the Cyclades and the Peloponnese. He was expelled from Illyria by Rome after the Second Illyrian War and became a trusted counselor at the court of Philip V of Macedon. He became a strong political influence to Philip V and encouraged him to clash with Rome. Demetrius remained there until his death at Messene in 214 BC while attempting to take the city.
Early career
Demetrius, described as Greek, half-Greek, or Illyrian, was from the Greek colony on the island of Pharos (modern Hvar, founded in 385 BC, in Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Dalmatia. Under the Illyrian king Agron, he ruled Pharos, from his stronghold (Stari Grad), overlooking a sheltered harbor. After Agron's death in 230 BC, Demetrius continued as ruler of Pharos under the regency of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife and stepmother of Agron's son Pinnes, who was too young to rule.
First Illyrian War
In 229 BC, continuing the expansion of Illyrian power that Agron had begun, Teuta systematically attacked Issa, the polis of Korkyra and Epidamnus. Lissus, Apollonia and Corcyra Nigra were all threatened. In a naval battle off the island of Paxos the Illyrian fleet, arguably commanded by Demetrius, defeated the allied Achaeans and Aetolians. As a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city which was put under the command of Demetrius.When the Romans were on their way to relieve Corcyra during the First Illyrian War, Demetrius felt that he was slandered by Teuta. Fearing her wrath, he betrayed her and gave up Corcyra to the Romans. Going over to the Roman side, he now acted as their guide for their campaign in Illyria. With Demetrius’ help Rome achieved a quick victory, Teuta fled to Rhizon in Dalmatia (modern Risan, Montenegro), and Demetrius was placed in charge of most of the rest of Ardiaean Kingdom, as a client of Rome. Demetrius was rewarded with the rule of his birthplace, the island of Pharos, and a part of the land next to it, but this was only temporary. The Romans annexed the southern conquests of Teuta and following the war, due to one of the conditions imposed by Rome, Illyrian warships south of Lissus were expressly prohibited.
Revival of power
The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius who succeeded Teuta. In or around 222 BC Demetrius became official regent of the Ardiaean Kingdom by marrying Triteuta, Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Personally beneficial for Demetrius, the marriage also gave the kingdom a competent regency for the first time since 229 BC. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 men under the command of Demetrius fought with distinction at the Battle of Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome.Before 222 BC Rome was preoccupied with a war against the Celtic peoples of the Po (225-222 BC), Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian Histri at the head of the Adriatic, who were interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in Greece as Macedonia made an alliance with the Achaean League against the Aetolian League, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner.
In 220 BC Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, Scerdilaidas sailed south of Lissus with ninety lembi. After an assault on Pylos in the western Peloponnese had failed they separated their forces, with Demetrius taking his chances in plundering the Cyclades while Scerdilaidas returned north. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law Amynas, king of the Athamanes, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of Achaea. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia, located on the northern slope of the Aroanian Mountains. They also attacked but failed to take Cleitor. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the Aegean with 50 ships. He sailed to the Cyclades, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by Rhodian warships, Demetrius put into Cenchreae, the Aegean port of Corinth. At the same time the Macedonian commander in Corinth, Taurion, learned of Scerdilaidas' and the Aetolians' invasion. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea.After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans who hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the coast of the Ardiaean Kingdom had now to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with Carthage. These events precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
The Second Illyrian War
Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in Dimallum, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was given to Aemilius Paullus, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at Cannae three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the Second Punic War which was to last from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the Roman Senate decided first to set matters right in Illyria.In 219 BC, having decided that Dimallum was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the city of Issa (modern Vis). In order to avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. The next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of Philip V of Macedon, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus.
Aftermath
The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to the Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions of movement reimposed on the Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardeaian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of Pinnes, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardeaian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute and reparations imposed after the war.
The weak Ardaeai State soon fell prey to Macedonia while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amanatini and others.
Court counselor of Macedonia
Demetrius was received warmly by the young king whose father was also called Demetrius, becoming one of Philip's most trusted advisors. According to Polybius, Demetrius was instrumental in turning Philip's ambitions toward Illyria and Rome. In 217 BC when Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, over the Romans, at Lake Trasimene, Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his possessions in Illyria and exact a measure of revenge on Rome, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians, with whom Philip was at war, and turn his attentions westward. In summarising the strategy needed for the situation, Polybius states that Demetrius said:
For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.
Philip was easily convinced and followed Demetrius' advice. Evidence of Demetrius' influence can be seen in the treaty of alliance between Philip and Hannibal of 215 BC. One of its articles specified that any peace made with Rome would include as terms that the Romans would relinquish control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his territories now in the dominion of Rome. In 217 BC Philip made war against Scerdilaidas, to recover some territory recently lost and to expand his control westward. Polybius gives as Philip's (and Demetrius') motives that:
… he thought it a matter of the most vital importance to bring Illyria into a state of good order, with a view to the success of all his projects, and above all of his passage into Italy. For Demetrius was so assiduous in keeping hot these hopes and projects in the king's mind, that Philip even dreamed of them in his sleep, and thought of nothing else but this Italian expedition. The motive of Demetrius in so acting was not a consideration for Philip, for he certainly did not rank higher than third in the calculations of Demetrius. A stronger motive than that was his hatred of Rome: but the strongest of all was the consideration of his own prospects. For he had made up his mind that it was only in this way that he could ever recover his principality in Pharos.
Such "dreams" eventually led to war with Rome, the First Macedonian War, and then the Second Macedonian War.
Polybius also blamed Demetrius' influence for Philip's tyrannical behavior. One incident involved Philip's apparent role in a massacre carried out by the people against their leaders that occurred at Messene in 215 BC. Arriving on the scene the day after the massacre and wanting to seize the acropolis, Philip asked his advisors whether the entrails of a sacrifice which had been made indicated that he should quit the citadel or hold it. Demetrius responded by saying: if you have the heart of an augur, quit it as quick as you can, but as a gallant and wise king, keep it, lest if you quit it now you may never have so good an opportunity again, for it is by thus holding the two horns that you can alone keep the ox under your control.However, in this instance Philip took the more moderate advice of Aratus of Sicyon, who advised him to leave. Nevertheless, the incident at Messene marked, the beginning of Philip's deterioration of character, as well as his loss of popularity. Comparing Demetrius to Aratus, Polybius says that the life of Aratus sufficiently proved that he would not have committed such an act of wickedness, but that such principles exactly suited Demetrius of Pharos. The moderating influence of Aratus had caused the Greeks to regard Philip with favour, owing to the greatness of character which he displays, while under Demetrius' guidance, Philip lost the goodwill of the allies and his credit with the rest of GreeceDemetrius was killed the following year attempting to take Messene. After having rejected Demetrius' advice the previous year, Philip had returned in 214 BC, resolved to follow it.
See also
Illyrian warfare
Illyrian Wars
Macedonian Wars
List of rulers of Illyria
Scerdilaidas
Philip V
Notes
References
AncientLivy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.Secondary | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
1132
],
"text": [
"Hvar"
]
} |
Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, the son of Agron who was too young to rule as king. When the Romans were occupied with their own problems, he had grown stronger as an ally of Macedonia and also by conquering Dimallum. Together with Scerdilaidas, he sailed south of Lissus and broke the Roman treaty, attacking Roman allies in the Adriatic and devastating and plundering many cities in the Cyclades and the Peloponnese. He was expelled from Illyria by Rome after the Second Illyrian War and became a trusted counselor at the court of Philip V of Macedon. He became a strong political influence to Philip V and encouraged him to clash with Rome. Demetrius remained there until his death at Messene in 214 BC while attempting to take the city.
Early career
Demetrius, described as Greek, half-Greek, or Illyrian, was from the Greek colony on the island of Pharos (modern Hvar, founded in 385 BC, in Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Dalmatia. Under the Illyrian king Agron, he ruled Pharos, from his stronghold (Stari Grad), overlooking a sheltered harbor. After Agron's death in 230 BC, Demetrius continued as ruler of Pharos under the regency of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife and stepmother of Agron's son Pinnes, who was too young to rule.
First Illyrian War
In 229 BC, continuing the expansion of Illyrian power that Agron had begun, Teuta systematically attacked Issa, the polis of Korkyra and Epidamnus. Lissus, Apollonia and Corcyra Nigra were all threatened. In a naval battle off the island of Paxos the Illyrian fleet, arguably commanded by Demetrius, defeated the allied Achaeans and Aetolians. As a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city which was put under the command of Demetrius.When the Romans were on their way to relieve Corcyra during the First Illyrian War, Demetrius felt that he was slandered by Teuta. Fearing her wrath, he betrayed her and gave up Corcyra to the Romans. Going over to the Roman side, he now acted as their guide for their campaign in Illyria. With Demetrius’ help Rome achieved a quick victory, Teuta fled to Rhizon in Dalmatia (modern Risan, Montenegro), and Demetrius was placed in charge of most of the rest of Ardiaean Kingdom, as a client of Rome. Demetrius was rewarded with the rule of his birthplace, the island of Pharos, and a part of the land next to it, but this was only temporary. The Romans annexed the southern conquests of Teuta and following the war, due to one of the conditions imposed by Rome, Illyrian warships south of Lissus were expressly prohibited.
Revival of power
The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius who succeeded Teuta. In or around 222 BC Demetrius became official regent of the Ardiaean Kingdom by marrying Triteuta, Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Personally beneficial for Demetrius, the marriage also gave the kingdom a competent regency for the first time since 229 BC. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 men under the command of Demetrius fought with distinction at the Battle of Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome.Before 222 BC Rome was preoccupied with a war against the Celtic peoples of the Po (225-222 BC), Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian Histri at the head of the Adriatic, who were interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in Greece as Macedonia made an alliance with the Achaean League against the Aetolian League, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner.
In 220 BC Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, Scerdilaidas sailed south of Lissus with ninety lembi. After an assault on Pylos in the western Peloponnese had failed they separated their forces, with Demetrius taking his chances in plundering the Cyclades while Scerdilaidas returned north. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law Amynas, king of the Athamanes, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of Achaea. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia, located on the northern slope of the Aroanian Mountains. They also attacked but failed to take Cleitor. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the Aegean with 50 ships. He sailed to the Cyclades, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by Rhodian warships, Demetrius put into Cenchreae, the Aegean port of Corinth. At the same time the Macedonian commander in Corinth, Taurion, learned of Scerdilaidas' and the Aetolians' invasion. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea.After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans who hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the coast of the Ardiaean Kingdom had now to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with Carthage. These events precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
The Second Illyrian War
Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in Dimallum, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was given to Aemilius Paullus, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at Cannae three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the Second Punic War which was to last from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the Roman Senate decided first to set matters right in Illyria.In 219 BC, having decided that Dimallum was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the city of Issa (modern Vis). In order to avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. The next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of Philip V of Macedon, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus.
Aftermath
The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to the Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions of movement reimposed on the Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardeaian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of Pinnes, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardeaian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute and reparations imposed after the war.
The weak Ardaeai State soon fell prey to Macedonia while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amanatini and others.
Court counselor of Macedonia
Demetrius was received warmly by the young king whose father was also called Demetrius, becoming one of Philip's most trusted advisors. According to Polybius, Demetrius was instrumental in turning Philip's ambitions toward Illyria and Rome. In 217 BC when Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, over the Romans, at Lake Trasimene, Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his possessions in Illyria and exact a measure of revenge on Rome, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians, with whom Philip was at war, and turn his attentions westward. In summarising the strategy needed for the situation, Polybius states that Demetrius said:
For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.
Philip was easily convinced and followed Demetrius' advice. Evidence of Demetrius' influence can be seen in the treaty of alliance between Philip and Hannibal of 215 BC. One of its articles specified that any peace made with Rome would include as terms that the Romans would relinquish control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his territories now in the dominion of Rome. In 217 BC Philip made war against Scerdilaidas, to recover some territory recently lost and to expand his control westward. Polybius gives as Philip's (and Demetrius') motives that:
… he thought it a matter of the most vital importance to bring Illyria into a state of good order, with a view to the success of all his projects, and above all of his passage into Italy. For Demetrius was so assiduous in keeping hot these hopes and projects in the king's mind, that Philip even dreamed of them in his sleep, and thought of nothing else but this Italian expedition. The motive of Demetrius in so acting was not a consideration for Philip, for he certainly did not rank higher than third in the calculations of Demetrius. A stronger motive than that was his hatred of Rome: but the strongest of all was the consideration of his own prospects. For he had made up his mind that it was only in this way that he could ever recover his principality in Pharos.
Such "dreams" eventually led to war with Rome, the First Macedonian War, and then the Second Macedonian War.
Polybius also blamed Demetrius' influence for Philip's tyrannical behavior. One incident involved Philip's apparent role in a massacre carried out by the people against their leaders that occurred at Messene in 215 BC. Arriving on the scene the day after the massacre and wanting to seize the acropolis, Philip asked his advisors whether the entrails of a sacrifice which had been made indicated that he should quit the citadel or hold it. Demetrius responded by saying: if you have the heart of an augur, quit it as quick as you can, but as a gallant and wise king, keep it, lest if you quit it now you may never have so good an opportunity again, for it is by thus holding the two horns that you can alone keep the ox under your control.However, in this instance Philip took the more moderate advice of Aratus of Sicyon, who advised him to leave. Nevertheless, the incident at Messene marked, the beginning of Philip's deterioration of character, as well as his loss of popularity. Comparing Demetrius to Aratus, Polybius says that the life of Aratus sufficiently proved that he would not have committed such an act of wickedness, but that such principles exactly suited Demetrius of Pharos. The moderating influence of Aratus had caused the Greeks to regard Philip with favour, owing to the greatness of character which he displays, while under Demetrius' guidance, Philip lost the goodwill of the allies and his credit with the rest of GreeceDemetrius was killed the following year attempting to take Messene. After having rejected Demetrius' advice the previous year, Philip had returned in 214 BC, resolved to follow it.
See also
Illyrian warfare
Illyrian Wars
Macedonian Wars
List of rulers of Illyria
Scerdilaidas
Philip V
Notes
References
AncientLivy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.Secondary | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
951
],
"text": [
"Messene"
]
} |
Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, the son of Agron who was too young to rule as king. When the Romans were occupied with their own problems, he had grown stronger as an ally of Macedonia and also by conquering Dimallum. Together with Scerdilaidas, he sailed south of Lissus and broke the Roman treaty, attacking Roman allies in the Adriatic and devastating and plundering many cities in the Cyclades and the Peloponnese. He was expelled from Illyria by Rome after the Second Illyrian War and became a trusted counselor at the court of Philip V of Macedon. He became a strong political influence to Philip V and encouraged him to clash with Rome. Demetrius remained there until his death at Messene in 214 BC while attempting to take the city.
Early career
Demetrius, described as Greek, half-Greek, or Illyrian, was from the Greek colony on the island of Pharos (modern Hvar, founded in 385 BC, in Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Dalmatia. Under the Illyrian king Agron, he ruled Pharos, from his stronghold (Stari Grad), overlooking a sheltered harbor. After Agron's death in 230 BC, Demetrius continued as ruler of Pharos under the regency of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife and stepmother of Agron's son Pinnes, who was too young to rule.
First Illyrian War
In 229 BC, continuing the expansion of Illyrian power that Agron had begun, Teuta systematically attacked Issa, the polis of Korkyra and Epidamnus. Lissus, Apollonia and Corcyra Nigra were all threatened. In a naval battle off the island of Paxos the Illyrian fleet, arguably commanded by Demetrius, defeated the allied Achaeans and Aetolians. As a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city which was put under the command of Demetrius.When the Romans were on their way to relieve Corcyra during the First Illyrian War, Demetrius felt that he was slandered by Teuta. Fearing her wrath, he betrayed her and gave up Corcyra to the Romans. Going over to the Roman side, he now acted as their guide for their campaign in Illyria. With Demetrius’ help Rome achieved a quick victory, Teuta fled to Rhizon in Dalmatia (modern Risan, Montenegro), and Demetrius was placed in charge of most of the rest of Ardiaean Kingdom, as a client of Rome. Demetrius was rewarded with the rule of his birthplace, the island of Pharos, and a part of the land next to it, but this was only temporary. The Romans annexed the southern conquests of Teuta and following the war, due to one of the conditions imposed by Rome, Illyrian warships south of Lissus were expressly prohibited.
Revival of power
The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius who succeeded Teuta. In or around 222 BC Demetrius became official regent of the Ardiaean Kingdom by marrying Triteuta, Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Personally beneficial for Demetrius, the marriage also gave the kingdom a competent regency for the first time since 229 BC. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 men under the command of Demetrius fought with distinction at the Battle of Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome.Before 222 BC Rome was preoccupied with a war against the Celtic peoples of the Po (225-222 BC), Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian Histri at the head of the Adriatic, who were interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in Greece as Macedonia made an alliance with the Achaean League against the Aetolian League, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner.
In 220 BC Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, Scerdilaidas sailed south of Lissus with ninety lembi. After an assault on Pylos in the western Peloponnese had failed they separated their forces, with Demetrius taking his chances in plundering the Cyclades while Scerdilaidas returned north. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law Amynas, king of the Athamanes, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of Achaea. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia, located on the northern slope of the Aroanian Mountains. They also attacked but failed to take Cleitor. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the Aegean with 50 ships. He sailed to the Cyclades, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by Rhodian warships, Demetrius put into Cenchreae, the Aegean port of Corinth. At the same time the Macedonian commander in Corinth, Taurion, learned of Scerdilaidas' and the Aetolians' invasion. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea.After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans who hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the coast of the Ardiaean Kingdom had now to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with Carthage. These events precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
The Second Illyrian War
Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in Dimallum, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was given to Aemilius Paullus, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at Cannae three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the Second Punic War which was to last from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the Roman Senate decided first to set matters right in Illyria.In 219 BC, having decided that Dimallum was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the city of Issa (modern Vis). In order to avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. The next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of Philip V of Macedon, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus.
Aftermath
The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to the Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions of movement reimposed on the Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardeaian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of Pinnes, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardeaian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute and reparations imposed after the war.
The weak Ardaeai State soon fell prey to Macedonia while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amanatini and others.
Court counselor of Macedonia
Demetrius was received warmly by the young king whose father was also called Demetrius, becoming one of Philip's most trusted advisors. According to Polybius, Demetrius was instrumental in turning Philip's ambitions toward Illyria and Rome. In 217 BC when Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, over the Romans, at Lake Trasimene, Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his possessions in Illyria and exact a measure of revenge on Rome, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians, with whom Philip was at war, and turn his attentions westward. In summarising the strategy needed for the situation, Polybius states that Demetrius said:
For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.
Philip was easily convinced and followed Demetrius' advice. Evidence of Demetrius' influence can be seen in the treaty of alliance between Philip and Hannibal of 215 BC. One of its articles specified that any peace made with Rome would include as terms that the Romans would relinquish control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his territories now in the dominion of Rome. In 217 BC Philip made war against Scerdilaidas, to recover some territory recently lost and to expand his control westward. Polybius gives as Philip's (and Demetrius') motives that:
… he thought it a matter of the most vital importance to bring Illyria into a state of good order, with a view to the success of all his projects, and above all of his passage into Italy. For Demetrius was so assiduous in keeping hot these hopes and projects in the king's mind, that Philip even dreamed of them in his sleep, and thought of nothing else but this Italian expedition. The motive of Demetrius in so acting was not a consideration for Philip, for he certainly did not rank higher than third in the calculations of Demetrius. A stronger motive than that was his hatred of Rome: but the strongest of all was the consideration of his own prospects. For he had made up his mind that it was only in this way that he could ever recover his principality in Pharos.
Such "dreams" eventually led to war with Rome, the First Macedonian War, and then the Second Macedonian War.
Polybius also blamed Demetrius' influence for Philip's tyrannical behavior. One incident involved Philip's apparent role in a massacre carried out by the people against their leaders that occurred at Messene in 215 BC. Arriving on the scene the day after the massacre and wanting to seize the acropolis, Philip asked his advisors whether the entrails of a sacrifice which had been made indicated that he should quit the citadel or hold it. Demetrius responded by saying: if you have the heart of an augur, quit it as quick as you can, but as a gallant and wise king, keep it, lest if you quit it now you may never have so good an opportunity again, for it is by thus holding the two horns that you can alone keep the ox under your control.However, in this instance Philip took the more moderate advice of Aratus of Sicyon, who advised him to leave. Nevertheless, the incident at Messene marked, the beginning of Philip's deterioration of character, as well as his loss of popularity. Comparing Demetrius to Aratus, Polybius says that the life of Aratus sufficiently proved that he would not have committed such an act of wickedness, but that such principles exactly suited Demetrius of Pharos. The moderating influence of Aratus had caused the Greeks to regard Philip with favour, owing to the greatness of character which he displays, while under Demetrius' guidance, Philip lost the goodwill of the allies and his credit with the rest of GreeceDemetrius was killed the following year attempting to take Messene. After having rejected Demetrius' advice the previous year, Philip had returned in 214 BC, resolved to follow it.
See also
Illyrian warfare
Illyrian Wars
Macedonian Wars
List of rulers of Illyria
Scerdilaidas
Philip V
Notes
References
AncientLivy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.Secondary | sex or gender | {
"answer_start": [
10660
],
"text": [
"male"
]
} |
Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, the son of Agron who was too young to rule as king. When the Romans were occupied with their own problems, he had grown stronger as an ally of Macedonia and also by conquering Dimallum. Together with Scerdilaidas, he sailed south of Lissus and broke the Roman treaty, attacking Roman allies in the Adriatic and devastating and plundering many cities in the Cyclades and the Peloponnese. He was expelled from Illyria by Rome after the Second Illyrian War and became a trusted counselor at the court of Philip V of Macedon. He became a strong political influence to Philip V and encouraged him to clash with Rome. Demetrius remained there until his death at Messene in 214 BC while attempting to take the city.
Early career
Demetrius, described as Greek, half-Greek, or Illyrian, was from the Greek colony on the island of Pharos (modern Hvar, founded in 385 BC, in Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Dalmatia. Under the Illyrian king Agron, he ruled Pharos, from his stronghold (Stari Grad), overlooking a sheltered harbor. After Agron's death in 230 BC, Demetrius continued as ruler of Pharos under the regency of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife and stepmother of Agron's son Pinnes, who was too young to rule.
First Illyrian War
In 229 BC, continuing the expansion of Illyrian power that Agron had begun, Teuta systematically attacked Issa, the polis of Korkyra and Epidamnus. Lissus, Apollonia and Corcyra Nigra were all threatened. In a naval battle off the island of Paxos the Illyrian fleet, arguably commanded by Demetrius, defeated the allied Achaeans and Aetolians. As a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city which was put under the command of Demetrius.When the Romans were on their way to relieve Corcyra during the First Illyrian War, Demetrius felt that he was slandered by Teuta. Fearing her wrath, he betrayed her and gave up Corcyra to the Romans. Going over to the Roman side, he now acted as their guide for their campaign in Illyria. With Demetrius’ help Rome achieved a quick victory, Teuta fled to Rhizon in Dalmatia (modern Risan, Montenegro), and Demetrius was placed in charge of most of the rest of Ardiaean Kingdom, as a client of Rome. Demetrius was rewarded with the rule of his birthplace, the island of Pharos, and a part of the land next to it, but this was only temporary. The Romans annexed the southern conquests of Teuta and following the war, due to one of the conditions imposed by Rome, Illyrian warships south of Lissus were expressly prohibited.
Revival of power
The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius who succeeded Teuta. In or around 222 BC Demetrius became official regent of the Ardiaean Kingdom by marrying Triteuta, Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Personally beneficial for Demetrius, the marriage also gave the kingdom a competent regency for the first time since 229 BC. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 men under the command of Demetrius fought with distinction at the Battle of Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome.Before 222 BC Rome was preoccupied with a war against the Celtic peoples of the Po (225-222 BC), Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian Histri at the head of the Adriatic, who were interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in Greece as Macedonia made an alliance with the Achaean League against the Aetolian League, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner.
In 220 BC Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, Scerdilaidas sailed south of Lissus with ninety lembi. After an assault on Pylos in the western Peloponnese had failed they separated their forces, with Demetrius taking his chances in plundering the Cyclades while Scerdilaidas returned north. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law Amynas, king of the Athamanes, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of Achaea. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia, located on the northern slope of the Aroanian Mountains. They also attacked but failed to take Cleitor. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the Aegean with 50 ships. He sailed to the Cyclades, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by Rhodian warships, Demetrius put into Cenchreae, the Aegean port of Corinth. At the same time the Macedonian commander in Corinth, Taurion, learned of Scerdilaidas' and the Aetolians' invasion. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea.After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans who hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the coast of the Ardiaean Kingdom had now to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with Carthage. These events precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
The Second Illyrian War
Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in Dimallum, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was given to Aemilius Paullus, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at Cannae three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the Second Punic War which was to last from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the Roman Senate decided first to set matters right in Illyria.In 219 BC, having decided that Dimallum was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the city of Issa (modern Vis). In order to avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. The next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of Philip V of Macedon, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus.
Aftermath
The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to the Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions of movement reimposed on the Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardeaian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of Pinnes, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardeaian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute and reparations imposed after the war.
The weak Ardaeai State soon fell prey to Macedonia while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amanatini and others.
Court counselor of Macedonia
Demetrius was received warmly by the young king whose father was also called Demetrius, becoming one of Philip's most trusted advisors. According to Polybius, Demetrius was instrumental in turning Philip's ambitions toward Illyria and Rome. In 217 BC when Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, over the Romans, at Lake Trasimene, Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his possessions in Illyria and exact a measure of revenge on Rome, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians, with whom Philip was at war, and turn his attentions westward. In summarising the strategy needed for the situation, Polybius states that Demetrius said:
For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.
Philip was easily convinced and followed Demetrius' advice. Evidence of Demetrius' influence can be seen in the treaty of alliance between Philip and Hannibal of 215 BC. One of its articles specified that any peace made with Rome would include as terms that the Romans would relinquish control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his territories now in the dominion of Rome. In 217 BC Philip made war against Scerdilaidas, to recover some territory recently lost and to expand his control westward. Polybius gives as Philip's (and Demetrius') motives that:
… he thought it a matter of the most vital importance to bring Illyria into a state of good order, with a view to the success of all his projects, and above all of his passage into Italy. For Demetrius was so assiduous in keeping hot these hopes and projects in the king's mind, that Philip even dreamed of them in his sleep, and thought of nothing else but this Italian expedition. The motive of Demetrius in so acting was not a consideration for Philip, for he certainly did not rank higher than third in the calculations of Demetrius. A stronger motive than that was his hatred of Rome: but the strongest of all was the consideration of his own prospects. For he had made up his mind that it was only in this way that he could ever recover his principality in Pharos.
Such "dreams" eventually led to war with Rome, the First Macedonian War, and then the Second Macedonian War.
Polybius also blamed Demetrius' influence for Philip's tyrannical behavior. One incident involved Philip's apparent role in a massacre carried out by the people against their leaders that occurred at Messene in 215 BC. Arriving on the scene the day after the massacre and wanting to seize the acropolis, Philip asked his advisors whether the entrails of a sacrifice which had been made indicated that he should quit the citadel or hold it. Demetrius responded by saying: if you have the heart of an augur, quit it as quick as you can, but as a gallant and wise king, keep it, lest if you quit it now you may never have so good an opportunity again, for it is by thus holding the two horns that you can alone keep the ox under your control.However, in this instance Philip took the more moderate advice of Aratus of Sicyon, who advised him to leave. Nevertheless, the incident at Messene marked, the beginning of Philip's deterioration of character, as well as his loss of popularity. Comparing Demetrius to Aratus, Polybius says that the life of Aratus sufficiently proved that he would not have committed such an act of wickedness, but that such principles exactly suited Demetrius of Pharos. The moderating influence of Aratus had caused the Greeks to regard Philip with favour, owing to the greatness of character which he displays, while under Demetrius' guidance, Philip lost the goodwill of the allies and his credit with the rest of GreeceDemetrius was killed the following year attempting to take Messene. After having rejected Demetrius' advice the previous year, Philip had returned in 214 BC, resolved to follow it.
See also
Illyrian warfare
Illyrian Wars
Macedonian Wars
List of rulers of Illyria
Scerdilaidas
Philip V
Notes
References
AncientLivy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.Secondary | spouse | {
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Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, the son of Agron who was too young to rule as king. When the Romans were occupied with their own problems, he had grown stronger as an ally of Macedonia and also by conquering Dimallum. Together with Scerdilaidas, he sailed south of Lissus and broke the Roman treaty, attacking Roman allies in the Adriatic and devastating and plundering many cities in the Cyclades and the Peloponnese. He was expelled from Illyria by Rome after the Second Illyrian War and became a trusted counselor at the court of Philip V of Macedon. He became a strong political influence to Philip V and encouraged him to clash with Rome. Demetrius remained there until his death at Messene in 214 BC while attempting to take the city.
Early career
Demetrius, described as Greek, half-Greek, or Illyrian, was from the Greek colony on the island of Pharos (modern Hvar, founded in 385 BC, in Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Dalmatia. Under the Illyrian king Agron, he ruled Pharos, from his stronghold (Stari Grad), overlooking a sheltered harbor. After Agron's death in 230 BC, Demetrius continued as ruler of Pharos under the regency of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife and stepmother of Agron's son Pinnes, who was too young to rule.
First Illyrian War
In 229 BC, continuing the expansion of Illyrian power that Agron had begun, Teuta systematically attacked Issa, the polis of Korkyra and Epidamnus. Lissus, Apollonia and Corcyra Nigra were all threatened. In a naval battle off the island of Paxos the Illyrian fleet, arguably commanded by Demetrius, defeated the allied Achaeans and Aetolians. As a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city which was put under the command of Demetrius.When the Romans were on their way to relieve Corcyra during the First Illyrian War, Demetrius felt that he was slandered by Teuta. Fearing her wrath, he betrayed her and gave up Corcyra to the Romans. Going over to the Roman side, he now acted as their guide for their campaign in Illyria. With Demetrius’ help Rome achieved a quick victory, Teuta fled to Rhizon in Dalmatia (modern Risan, Montenegro), and Demetrius was placed in charge of most of the rest of Ardiaean Kingdom, as a client of Rome. Demetrius was rewarded with the rule of his birthplace, the island of Pharos, and a part of the land next to it, but this was only temporary. The Romans annexed the southern conquests of Teuta and following the war, due to one of the conditions imposed by Rome, Illyrian warships south of Lissus were expressly prohibited.
Revival of power
The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius who succeeded Teuta. In or around 222 BC Demetrius became official regent of the Ardiaean Kingdom by marrying Triteuta, Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Personally beneficial for Demetrius, the marriage also gave the kingdom a competent regency for the first time since 229 BC. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 men under the command of Demetrius fought with distinction at the Battle of Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome.Before 222 BC Rome was preoccupied with a war against the Celtic peoples of the Po (225-222 BC), Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian Histri at the head of the Adriatic, who were interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in Greece as Macedonia made an alliance with the Achaean League against the Aetolian League, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner.
In 220 BC Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, Scerdilaidas sailed south of Lissus with ninety lembi. After an assault on Pylos in the western Peloponnese had failed they separated their forces, with Demetrius taking his chances in plundering the Cyclades while Scerdilaidas returned north. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law Amynas, king of the Athamanes, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of Achaea. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia, located on the northern slope of the Aroanian Mountains. They also attacked but failed to take Cleitor. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the Aegean with 50 ships. He sailed to the Cyclades, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by Rhodian warships, Demetrius put into Cenchreae, the Aegean port of Corinth. At the same time the Macedonian commander in Corinth, Taurion, learned of Scerdilaidas' and the Aetolians' invasion. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea.After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans who hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the coast of the Ardiaean Kingdom had now to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with Carthage. These events precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
The Second Illyrian War
Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in Dimallum, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was given to Aemilius Paullus, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at Cannae three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the Second Punic War which was to last from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the Roman Senate decided first to set matters right in Illyria.In 219 BC, having decided that Dimallum was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the city of Issa (modern Vis). In order to avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. The next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of Philip V of Macedon, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus.
Aftermath
The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to the Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions of movement reimposed on the Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardeaian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of Pinnes, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardeaian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute and reparations imposed after the war.
The weak Ardaeai State soon fell prey to Macedonia while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amanatini and others.
Court counselor of Macedonia
Demetrius was received warmly by the young king whose father was also called Demetrius, becoming one of Philip's most trusted advisors. According to Polybius, Demetrius was instrumental in turning Philip's ambitions toward Illyria and Rome. In 217 BC when Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, over the Romans, at Lake Trasimene, Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his possessions in Illyria and exact a measure of revenge on Rome, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians, with whom Philip was at war, and turn his attentions westward. In summarising the strategy needed for the situation, Polybius states that Demetrius said:
For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.
Philip was easily convinced and followed Demetrius' advice. Evidence of Demetrius' influence can be seen in the treaty of alliance between Philip and Hannibal of 215 BC. One of its articles specified that any peace made with Rome would include as terms that the Romans would relinquish control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his territories now in the dominion of Rome. In 217 BC Philip made war against Scerdilaidas, to recover some territory recently lost and to expand his control westward. Polybius gives as Philip's (and Demetrius') motives that:
… he thought it a matter of the most vital importance to bring Illyria into a state of good order, with a view to the success of all his projects, and above all of his passage into Italy. For Demetrius was so assiduous in keeping hot these hopes and projects in the king's mind, that Philip even dreamed of them in his sleep, and thought of nothing else but this Italian expedition. The motive of Demetrius in so acting was not a consideration for Philip, for he certainly did not rank higher than third in the calculations of Demetrius. A stronger motive than that was his hatred of Rome: but the strongest of all was the consideration of his own prospects. For he had made up his mind that it was only in this way that he could ever recover his principality in Pharos.
Such "dreams" eventually led to war with Rome, the First Macedonian War, and then the Second Macedonian War.
Polybius also blamed Demetrius' influence for Philip's tyrannical behavior. One incident involved Philip's apparent role in a massacre carried out by the people against their leaders that occurred at Messene in 215 BC. Arriving on the scene the day after the massacre and wanting to seize the acropolis, Philip asked his advisors whether the entrails of a sacrifice which had been made indicated that he should quit the citadel or hold it. Demetrius responded by saying: if you have the heart of an augur, quit it as quick as you can, but as a gallant and wise king, keep it, lest if you quit it now you may never have so good an opportunity again, for it is by thus holding the two horns that you can alone keep the ox under your control.However, in this instance Philip took the more moderate advice of Aratus of Sicyon, who advised him to leave. Nevertheless, the incident at Messene marked, the beginning of Philip's deterioration of character, as well as his loss of popularity. Comparing Demetrius to Aratus, Polybius says that the life of Aratus sufficiently proved that he would not have committed such an act of wickedness, but that such principles exactly suited Demetrius of Pharos. The moderating influence of Aratus had caused the Greeks to regard Philip with favour, owing to the greatness of character which he displays, while under Demetrius' guidance, Philip lost the goodwill of the allies and his credit with the rest of GreeceDemetrius was killed the following year attempting to take Messene. After having rejected Demetrius' advice the previous year, Philip had returned in 214 BC, resolved to follow it.
See also
Illyrian warfare
Illyrian Wars
Macedonian Wars
List of rulers of Illyria
Scerdilaidas
Philip V
Notes
References
AncientLivy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.Secondary | position held | {
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Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, the son of Agron who was too young to rule as king. When the Romans were occupied with their own problems, he had grown stronger as an ally of Macedonia and also by conquering Dimallum. Together with Scerdilaidas, he sailed south of Lissus and broke the Roman treaty, attacking Roman allies in the Adriatic and devastating and plundering many cities in the Cyclades and the Peloponnese. He was expelled from Illyria by Rome after the Second Illyrian War and became a trusted counselor at the court of Philip V of Macedon. He became a strong political influence to Philip V and encouraged him to clash with Rome. Demetrius remained there until his death at Messene in 214 BC while attempting to take the city.
Early career
Demetrius, described as Greek, half-Greek, or Illyrian, was from the Greek colony on the island of Pharos (modern Hvar, founded in 385 BC, in Croatia), in the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Dalmatia. Under the Illyrian king Agron, he ruled Pharos, from his stronghold (Stari Grad), overlooking a sheltered harbor. After Agron's death in 230 BC, Demetrius continued as ruler of Pharos under the regency of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife and stepmother of Agron's son Pinnes, who was too young to rule.
First Illyrian War
In 229 BC, continuing the expansion of Illyrian power that Agron had begun, Teuta systematically attacked Issa, the polis of Korkyra and Epidamnus. Lissus, Apollonia and Corcyra Nigra were all threatened. In a naval battle off the island of Paxos the Illyrian fleet, arguably commanded by Demetrius, defeated the allied Achaeans and Aetolians. As a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city which was put under the command of Demetrius.When the Romans were on their way to relieve Corcyra during the First Illyrian War, Demetrius felt that he was slandered by Teuta. Fearing her wrath, he betrayed her and gave up Corcyra to the Romans. Going over to the Roman side, he now acted as their guide for their campaign in Illyria. With Demetrius’ help Rome achieved a quick victory, Teuta fled to Rhizon in Dalmatia (modern Risan, Montenegro), and Demetrius was placed in charge of most of the rest of Ardiaean Kingdom, as a client of Rome. Demetrius was rewarded with the rule of his birthplace, the island of Pharos, and a part of the land next to it, but this was only temporary. The Romans annexed the southern conquests of Teuta and following the war, due to one of the conditions imposed by Rome, Illyrian warships south of Lissus were expressly prohibited.
Revival of power
The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius who succeeded Teuta. In or around 222 BC Demetrius became official regent of the Ardiaean Kingdom by marrying Triteuta, Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Personally beneficial for Demetrius, the marriage also gave the kingdom a competent regency for the first time since 229 BC. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 men under the command of Demetrius fought with distinction at the Battle of Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome.Before 222 BC Rome was preoccupied with a war against the Celtic peoples of the Po (225-222 BC), Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian Histri at the head of the Adriatic, who were interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in Greece as Macedonia made an alliance with the Achaean League against the Aetolian League, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner.
In 220 BC Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, Scerdilaidas sailed south of Lissus with ninety lembi. After an assault on Pylos in the western Peloponnese had failed they separated their forces, with Demetrius taking his chances in plundering the Cyclades while Scerdilaidas returned north. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law Amynas, king of the Athamanes, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of Achaea. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned Cynaetha, a town in the north of Arcadia, located on the northern slope of the Aroanian Mountains. They also attacked but failed to take Cleitor. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the Aegean with 50 ships. He sailed to the Cyclades, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by Rhodian warships, Demetrius put into Cenchreae, the Aegean port of Corinth. At the same time the Macedonian commander in Corinth, Taurion, learned of Scerdilaidas' and the Aetolians' invasion. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea.After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans who hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the coast of the Ardiaean Kingdom had now to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with Carthage. These events precipitated the Second Illyrian War.
The Second Illyrian War
Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in Dimallum, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was given to Aemilius Paullus, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at Cannae three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the Second Punic War which was to last from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the Roman Senate decided first to set matters right in Illyria.In 219 BC, having decided that Dimallum was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the city of Issa (modern Vis). In order to avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. The next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of Philip V of Macedon, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus.
Aftermath
The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to the Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions of movement reimposed on the Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardeaian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of Pinnes, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardeaian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute and reparations imposed after the war.
The weak Ardaeai State soon fell prey to Macedonia while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amanatini and others.
Court counselor of Macedonia
Demetrius was received warmly by the young king whose father was also called Demetrius, becoming one of Philip's most trusted advisors. According to Polybius, Demetrius was instrumental in turning Philip's ambitions toward Illyria and Rome. In 217 BC when Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, over the Romans, at Lake Trasimene, Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his possessions in Illyria and exact a measure of revenge on Rome, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians, with whom Philip was at war, and turn his attentions westward. In summarising the strategy needed for the situation, Polybius states that Demetrius said:
For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.
Philip was easily convinced and followed Demetrius' advice. Evidence of Demetrius' influence can be seen in the treaty of alliance between Philip and Hannibal of 215 BC. One of its articles specified that any peace made with Rome would include as terms that the Romans would relinquish control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his territories now in the dominion of Rome. In 217 BC Philip made war against Scerdilaidas, to recover some territory recently lost and to expand his control westward. Polybius gives as Philip's (and Demetrius') motives that:
… he thought it a matter of the most vital importance to bring Illyria into a state of good order, with a view to the success of all his projects, and above all of his passage into Italy. For Demetrius was so assiduous in keeping hot these hopes and projects in the king's mind, that Philip even dreamed of them in his sleep, and thought of nothing else but this Italian expedition. The motive of Demetrius in so acting was not a consideration for Philip, for he certainly did not rank higher than third in the calculations of Demetrius. A stronger motive than that was his hatred of Rome: but the strongest of all was the consideration of his own prospects. For he had made up his mind that it was only in this way that he could ever recover his principality in Pharos.
Such "dreams" eventually led to war with Rome, the First Macedonian War, and then the Second Macedonian War.
Polybius also blamed Demetrius' influence for Philip's tyrannical behavior. One incident involved Philip's apparent role in a massacre carried out by the people against their leaders that occurred at Messene in 215 BC. Arriving on the scene the day after the massacre and wanting to seize the acropolis, Philip asked his advisors whether the entrails of a sacrifice which had been made indicated that he should quit the citadel or hold it. Demetrius responded by saying: if you have the heart of an augur, quit it as quick as you can, but as a gallant and wise king, keep it, lest if you quit it now you may never have so good an opportunity again, for it is by thus holding the two horns that you can alone keep the ox under your control.However, in this instance Philip took the more moderate advice of Aratus of Sicyon, who advised him to leave. Nevertheless, the incident at Messene marked, the beginning of Philip's deterioration of character, as well as his loss of popularity. Comparing Demetrius to Aratus, Polybius says that the life of Aratus sufficiently proved that he would not have committed such an act of wickedness, but that such principles exactly suited Demetrius of Pharos. The moderating influence of Aratus had caused the Greeks to regard Philip with favour, owing to the greatness of character which he displays, while under Demetrius' guidance, Philip lost the goodwill of the allies and his credit with the rest of GreeceDemetrius was killed the following year attempting to take Messene. After having rejected Demetrius' advice the previous year, Philip had returned in 214 BC, resolved to follow it.
See also
Illyrian warfare
Illyrian Wars
Macedonian Wars
List of rulers of Illyria
Scerdilaidas
Philip V
Notes
References
AncientLivy, History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
Plutarch, "Aratus" in Plutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor), John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001). Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2: ISBN 0375756779.
Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
Strabo, Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8-9: ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13-14: ISBN 0-674-99246-6.Secondary | noble title | {
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Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | voice actor | {
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Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | instance of | {
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Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | screenwriter | {
"answer_start": [
18063
],
"text": [
"Yūichirō Momose"
]
} |
Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | based on | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Rokudo's Bad Girls"
]
} |
Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | production company | {
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"Satelight"
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Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | original language of film or TV show | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"Japanese"
]
} |
Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | language of work or name | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"Japanese"
]
} |
Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | country of origin | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
} |
Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | published in | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"Weekly Shōnen Champion"
]
} |
Rokudo's Bad Girls (Japanese: 六道の悪女（おんな）たち, Hepburn: Rokudō no Onna-tachi, "Rokudō's Wicked Girls") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura. The manga was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion from June 2016 to April 2021, with its chapters collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Satelight premiered in April 2023.
Plot
Tousuke Rokudou, a first-year student at Amori High, a school attended mostly by delinquents, wants to live a peaceful life with his friends. However, this seems to be impossible because he is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. When Rokudou and his friends become desperate, Rokudou receives a mysterious package from his long-deceased grandfather. Inside lies, a priest's uniform and a mysterious scroll passed down through his family since the Japanese Heian period, said to hold a technique warding off demons and evil spirits. In hopes of combating his delinquent tormentors, he undergoes the ritual to activate the scroll's power. The scroll initially seems to have no effect on his school's delinquent population, but once a bully tormenting Rokudou is stopped by a delinquent girl, Rokudou's friends realize the technique's power does not ward off evil spirits and monsters, but rather makes the user popular with bad women. After realizing the potential of his newfound ability, Rokudou vows to become stronger and use his power to achieve his dream of having a peaceful school life, unwittingly acquiring a harem of delinquent schoolgirls along the way.
Characters
Tousuke Rokudou (六道 桃助, Rokudō Tōsuke)
Voiced by: Gen Satō
The main protagonist of the series, Tousuke Rokudou is physically weak and cowardly attending a school filled with delinquent students. He and his two friends live in constant fear and is regularly bullied, leading to the trio venting their frustrations in private in the school's restroom. Upon receiving a scroll from his grandfather, Rokudou gains a special pentagram mark on his forehead. Rokudou's ancestors used this spell to exorcise oni, but in the modern day, the spell causes any "bad girl" to instantly fall in love with him once he makes eye contact with them. His school life drastically changes as not only is he thrust into the delinquent culture of his school, but he encounters several girls, each one presenting a new problem. He helps rehabilitate most of the girls focused on, each one genuinely falling in love with Rokudou or becoming a close ally. While Rokudou refuses to fight in the beginning of the story, his tenacity and refusal to run away has garnered respect from his former bullies. Later, he learns kung-fu and has learned most of its fundamentals from Ling Lan.
Ranna Himawari (向日葵 乱奈, Himawari Ranna)
Voiced by: Sumire Uesaka
Ranna Himawari is a young girl with a notorious reputation as a Sukeban wielding a Bokken, often described as a "monster" for her sheer strength and brutality. She is the first main girl to fall in love under Rokudou's spell. Generally, Ranna does not speak or express much emotion other than emotional distance unless Rokudou is around, but tolerates his friends. Around Rokudou, she is extremely bubbly and smiles. She will not hesitate to stop and protect him when he is in danger, but will respect his wishes as she did not step in between Rokudou and Iinuma's fight when he asked her to and only attacked once he asked for her help. As a child, it is revealed that Ranna was adopted by an elderly couple because someone had left her at their doorstep. To their shock, even as a baby, she had a horribly demonic visage. Growing up, Ranna was nothing short of a demon for her cruel actions, even brutally dragging a priest tied to her tricycle. Thanks to special beads from the same priest, she became more demure, but reverted once they shattered. Years later, Rokudou would receive a pair of these beads, though now they completely pacify her, causing her to deeply fear them. Her surname, Himawari, means Sunflower in Japanese.
"Colonel" (Masaru Hinomoto) (火野本 勝, Hinomoto Masaru)
Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa
Most likely nicknamed for military beret and camouflage in his outfit, "Colonel" is one of Rokudou's friends from the beginning of the series. He shares Rokudou's dream of living a peaceful school life, free of his delinquent bullies. Along with Rokudou and their friend "Manager", he huddles in a bathroom stall during school hours to vent his frustration with the way his life at Amori High is. He is the first to theorize that the ability Rokudou received from the scroll was that of making him popular with "bad girls." He frequently assists with conflicts Rokudou is involved in, along with his friends.
"Manager" (Kouta Kijima) (木嶋 耕太, Kijima Kōta)
Voiced by: Akira Ishida
Most likely nicknamed for his formal attire and businesslike demeanor, "Manager" is one of Rokudou's friends at the beginning of the series. Like "Colonel" and Rokudou, he too, wishes to lead a peaceful life at Amori High and is constantly bullied by his delinquent classmates. Like "Colonel", he notices that Rokudou is popular with "bad girls" and tags along with Rokudou and his friends when he gets into conflict with delinquent gangs.
Haruya Iinuma (飯沼 波瑠也, Iinuma Haruya)
Voiced by: Haruki Ishiya
Iinuma was the main bully of Rokudou and his friends, subjecting them to cruel pranks at their expense. After Rokudou awakens his powers and inadvertently affected his girlfriend, Tsubaki, he challenged him to a fight. Despite being overwhelmingly stronger than him, Rokudou refused to run and took an intense beating before he asked Ranna to intervene in the fight. Impressed by his tenacity, Iinuma befriends Rokudou and becomes one of his closest allies, eventually becoming close enough to know about his power. He is one of the strongest fighters in Amori high, only behind to Ranna and Sayuri in terms of raw strength. Iinuma has a love for both ramen and motorcycles, desiring to one day own a mobile ramen stand. He loves customizing his motorcycle, but tends to make them overly gaudy and flashy with unnecessary "upgrades."
Tsubaki (椿, Tsubaki)
Voiced by: Misato Matsuoka
Originally one of Rokudou's many bullies, Tsubaki is Iinuma's girlfriend. After she falls under the spell of Rokudou's powers, she becomes remorseful for the way she treats him, and apologizes to him while in the bathroom. Her attention to him draws the initial ire of Iinuma, though after the two become friends, Tsubaki regularly hangs out with Rokudou and his friends. She does not react to Rokudou's power anymore. Her name comes from the Japanese word for Camellias, tsubaki.
Sayuri Osanada (幼田 小百合, Osanada Sayuri)
Voiced by: Naomi Ōzora
With the appearance and demeanor of an elementary school, Sayuri is often mistaken as one despite being a student at Aomori High. Despite her petite appearance, Sayuri is the bancho of the school having built a reputation its strongest physical fighter. She originally targets Rokudou for his inexplicable ability to become popular with the female students of Amori High, but when she begins her attack on him, she becomes enamored with him due to his spell's power. Rokudou thus becomes her first love. Through the influence of Rokudou, she reforms and reintegrates back into school life and helps him achieve his dream of a peaceful life by means of her powerful influence over her classmates. She has since become a powerful ally of Rokudou and one of the first to jump to his aid when matters involving outside delinquents befall him or Amori. Her name, Sayuri, means Lily in Japanese.
Azami Himeno (姫野 莇美, Himeno Azami)
Voiced by: Yuki Yomichi
Passionate about police work and motorcycles, Azami Himeno is the third major female character to become enamored with Rokudou. Initially assumed to be sweet and feminine, she loves riding motorcycles. She holds a grudge against biker gangs, who she violently beats while mounted on her motorcycle. She acts like a vigilante, warning citizens about traffic safety and taking down those she perceives to be evil delinquents on the road. She is the only one of the main girls to not attend Amori High. Her forename is a play on the Japanese word for Thistle, azami.
Minami Yamabuki (山吹 ミナミ, Yamabuki Minami)
Minami is the fourth girl Rokudou rehabilitates who has the general appearance as a bat prior to meeting Rokudou. Originally a loan shark who had scammed out money from hundreds of people, her latest being Manager's parents. In a twist of fate, she meets Rokudou and falls victim to his power and begins lavishly spending her money to impress him. She also gives him advice on how to help Manager stop his parents' loan shark, ironically putting a halt to her own plans. When she discovers Rokudou's role, she becomes despondent when her allies betray her and steal her remaining money. After hearing his plight, she gifts the money to Jin. She later enrolls Amori High the next school year as a first year student. Her surname in Japanese is based on the Japanese Marigold Bush.
Ling Lan (鈴蘭, Ling Lan)
When Rokudou and his male friends attempted to search a remote mountain for a temple that supposedly had the beads that could pacify Ranna, Rokudou encountered Ling Lan who had found them while they were lost in the forest. Upon first glance, she was serene, even described as a "goddess" by Rokudou and his friends. In reality, she too was wearing the very beads Rokudou had been searching for. Upon returning to the temple, she had inadvertently removed the beads wanting to give it to Rokudou to help him, but in the process had removed its effects and becomes the fifth girl. Ling Lan is a foul mouth, brash, and fight-seeking girl and a master of kung-fu. While immune to Rokudou's spell with the beads on, upon its removal, she too fell under his spell. She teaches Rokudou the basics of kung-fu and after a week, he had grasped enough basics to become a competent fighter and she falls in love with him. After the priest decided to depart on a pilgrimage with the remaining rehabilitating teenagers, Ling Lan enrolls at Amori High school as Rokudou's underclassmen in his second year. Her name in Chinese means Lily of the Valley.
Sachiyo Sakura (桜 沙知代, Sakura Sachiyo)
Adopted daughter of a female crime boss, Sachiyo has the power of foresight by looking into the eyes of another person. Her clairvoyance ranges in time, but in most instances she uses it to see into the near future. It was initially believed that she was sent to Amori High School as a new first year student by her mother to extort the student body using her power. Unbeknownst to her, her mother intentionally sent her there to meet Rokudou and use his power to reform her into a normal girl, making her the sixth girl. Upon falling to his power, she loses her foresight, becoming clumsy as a result and slightly depressed by the loss of her own power. Her mother's associates kidnap her as they need her power to maintain their hold on the criminal underworld. Her surname in Japanese, Sakura, means Cherry Blossom.
Onishima Alliance (鬼島連合)
Douji Matsugamiya (松ヶ宮 童子, Matsugamiya Douji)
Voiced by: Daiki Yamashita
Leader of the Onishima Alliance. Though he is polite, he can also be extremely intimidating. Like Rokudou, he was once a timid and extremely fearful of other people, resorting to bribing stronger individuals to protect him. He eventually joined the Onishima Alliance in order to be surrounded by strong individuals. After Ranna easily defeated the Alliance on her own, he fell in love with her strength and desired to have her join the alliance by gathering strong individuals to refortify its ranks, taking over as leader of the Alliance in the process. Despite being a coward in the past, he has become strong enough to fight off Rokudou and his friends all on his own. Despite failing to recruit Ranna, he soon realizes that he has become strong and his allies in the Alliance genuinely admire him for his strength and acknowledges his worth without any bribe to validate him.
Yui Yashiya (椰子谷 唯, Yashiya Yui)
Voiced by: Mayuko Kazama
Holding Rank 1 in the Onishima Alliance and is the strongest member of its alliance after Douji. She has an interest in strong men, but she shows her feelings through acts of sadism, reveling in breaking their spirits. Under Rokudou's power, she sees him as an exaggeratedly strong man that progressively intensifies during their fight. Rokudou "defeats" her after rescuing her from falling out a window, causing his power to exaggerate his appearance so much that she faints in bliss. In the aftermath of the fight between the Onishima Alliance and Amori High, she leaves the Onishima Alliance. Part of her surname, Yashi, means Palm Tree.
Sumire Triplets
The Sumire Triplets are three biological triplet siblings who share the 5th rank of the Onishima Alliance, though Amano is the true 5th rank. Amano is the eldest, Kazeno is the middle, and Raino is the youngest and only girl. They are near identical in appearance and are skilled enough to use make-up to flawlessly impersonate each other. Their names contain the kanji for Sky, Rain, and Lightning respectively while their surname, Sumire, is Violet in Japanese.
Raino Sumire (菫 雷乃, Sumire Raino)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The youngest of the Sumire Triplets and the only girl. Raino crossdresses, taking on an appearance and personality of an Ikemen and is skilled with make up. Her make-up skills are so convincing that she could effortlessly disguise Rokudou as a cute girl. She falls under Rokudou's power during the Onishima arc and acts girly around him. She genuinely falls in love with Rokudou for his kind heart and gives him his first kiss. Later she confesses her feelings to Rokudou, but he gently rejects her. She shares Rank 5 with Kazeno in the Onishima Alliance.
Kazeno Sumire (菫 風乃, Sumire Kazeno)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The middle child of the Sumire Triplets, Kazeno frequently crossdresses as a female and acts similarly to an idol. He is protective of his sister and is initially disturbed by Rokudou due to seeing his sister fall under his power and later when Rokudou claimed that he is a pervert to hide his power from Kazeno. Like his sister, he idolizes Amano, but desires to stand as an equal to him rather than follow in his footsteps. He assists his sister during the Onishima arc to help her fight for Rokudou. He and Raino share the Rank 5 in the Onishima Alliance.
Amano Sumire (菫 天乃, Sumire Amano)
Voiced by: Reina Ueda
The eldest of the Sumire Triplets, Amano is a secret member of the Onishima Alliance and the true 5th Rank. He is greatly admired by his two younger siblings and is the one who recruited them into the Onishima Alliance. In their youth, they would use their shared physical appearances to pull off mischief. He is the one who taught Kazeno and Raino how to fight and how to use make-up. During the battle against Amori high, Raino fights him and wins, leading him to acknowledge that his siblings are now his equals. While his two siblings leave the Alliance, Amano willingly stays.
Other characters
Aoi Furukawa (布留川 葵, Furukawa Aoi)
Voiced by: Hiroki Nanami
Aoi was a member of the Onjima Alliance, leading its motorcycle squad. He is normally warm and friendly, but can become violent and extremely competitive behind the wheel of his motorcycle. He was slowly being reformed by a motorcycle riding police officer until the officer was badly injured in an accident. He is a close associate to Himeno and raced against her and Rokudou, but lost. He left his gang behind and left Azami in charge of them. He has remained close with her, but often gets competitive around her.
Erika Otohime (乙姫 恵梨香, Otohime Erika)
Voiced by: Yuri Komagata
Erika is the leader of an all girl-gang, Team Ryuugu. In the past, Team Ryuugu was a street gang who constantly got into fights with rival gangs. During a brawl, Ranna joined in and became an unofficial member, helping her team ascend to the top of the city gangs. However, once the Onishima Alliance began attacking her crew, she decided to disband it for their safety. She is the one who gave Ranna her wooden sword. Now her gang are law abiding citizens who continue to dress in their original gang style. After seeing Ranna's personality change, she tasks Rokudou to keep her happy. Her name contains the kanji for Pear tree.
Sachiko Sakura (桜 沙知子, Sakura Sachiko)
A 42 year old female Yakuza crime boss and was indirectly involved with Minami's story as it was her who tasked Jin with targeting Manager's parents' warehouse. She is the adoptive mother of Sachiyo whom she found in Sachiyo's biological parents' apartment after they amassed a massive debt to her and abandoned Sachiyo as a result. She immediately discovered Sachiyo's power and adopted her, using her power to help grow her crime family. Over time, Sachiko developed a motherly bond with her and desired to keep her out of the underground world. After encountering Rokudou and falling victim to his spell effects, she extensively researched his power and easily figured out its mechanics as well as his history of using the power. Wanting Sachiyo to live a normal life, she intentionally made her attend Amori High as a means to achieve this and directly enlisted Rokudou's help to achieve this goal. Rokudou accepts her request to rehabilitate her daughter, but refuses her protection should Ranna ever go on a rampage. Grateful for his kindness, Sachiko still promises to intervene with Ranna once her daughter has been reformed.
Mizue Tsuyukusa (露草 水絵, Tsuyukusa Mizue)
Voiced by: Hitomi Sekine
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Yūji Nakamura, Rokudō no Onna-tachi was serialized in Akita Shoten's Weekly Shōnen Champion magazine from June 23, 2016, to April 8, 2021. It has been collected into twenty-six tankōbon volumes.
Volume list
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced on January 18, 2023. It is produced by Satelight and directed by Keiya Saitō, with scripts supervised by Yūichirō Momose, character designs by Shinya Segawa, sub-character designs by Hideaki Ōnishi, mechanical designs by Hiroyuki Taiga, prop designs by Yasuyoshi Uetsu and Tomoaki Chishima, and music composed by Takatsugu Wakabayashi. The series premiered on April 8, 2023, on Tokyo MX and other networks. The opening theme song is "Endless Labyrinth" by EverdreaM, while the ending theme song is "Love Will Find A Way" by The Rampage from Exile Tribe. Muse Communication licensed the series in Asia-Pacific, while Crunchyroll licensed it for the rest of the world.
Episode list
Notes
References
External links
Official manga website (in Japanese)
Official anime website (in Japanese)
Rokudo's Bad Girls (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia | derivative work | {
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Panga (Nepali: पाँगा) is a typical Newari settlement and part of Kirtipur Municipality. Kirtipur is one of the five municipalities in the valley i.e.; Kirtipur Municipality, the others being Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Madhyapur Thimi. It is the small city surrounded by Chovar Hill, Kirtipur Hill and Machhegaon Hill.
Etymology
The name Panga comes from Pa (to guard) and Gä (Village or city). Later on changed to "Panga".
Demographics
Originally a Newar foundation, Panga is still a center of Newar culture. It has been merged with surrounding villages to form the municipality of Kirtipur with a population of 65,602.
It consists of many temples, Vihars (Buddhist monastery) and churches too. Due to the presence of Tribhuvan University in Kirtipur, Kirtipur is also a popular area for out-of-town students and professors to rent houses, and they are major contributors to the local economy.
Media
To promote local culture, Kirtipur Area has popular Facebook page named Panga Kirtipur where people can get all the updates of events happened before and happening. There are several weekly newspapers published from Kirtipur. They are Shahid, Kirtipur Sandesh and Swornim Sandesh. Also there is a local television station, Kirtipur Channel.
References
"Nepal Census 2001". Nepal's Village Development Committees. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
External links
Our Kirtipur | Panga | country | {
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World of Krypton is an American three-issue comic book limited series written by Paul Kupperberg and penciled by Howard Chaykin. It was the comics industry's first miniseries. World of Krypton was published by DC Comics from July to September 1979.
Taking place in the Bronze Age era of DC Comics history, the series explores Superman's home world of Krypton. The story details his father Jor-El's life, the launch of the rocket that carried Kal-El to Earth, and the destruction of the planet.
Background and creation
"The Fabulous World of Krypton" had been a recurring back-up feature in Superman and other titles since the early 1970s. The feature was created by E. Nelson Bridwell and many stories were written by Cary Bates.
The stories comprising World of Krypton were originally scheduled to be published in Showcase #104-106 to coincide with the premiere of the 1978 film Superman: The Movie. Those issues would have had cover-dates of September–November 1978. When the film's release date was delayed (with it eventually coming out in December 1978), the stories were rescheduled for Showcase issues #110-112 (cover dates Apr.–May 1979). In the meantime, however, the Showcase title was canceled as part of the so-called "DC Implosion".At that point, the storyline was revised and released as World of Krypton — comics' first ever limited series.Bridwell commissioned the project. Paul Kupperberg, a regular contributor to Showcase at the time of the story's conception, wrote the storyline. His brother Alan Kupperberg did uncredited layouts, upon which Chaykin expanded.
Plot
World of Krypton provides a great amount of detail into Krypton's history just before its destruction, along with the life story of Jor-El, the world's leading scientist, and his wife Lara Lor-Van. Superman himself appears in framing sequences, as do notable Kryptonians such as General Zod, Jax-Ur, Faora Hu-Ul, Lar Gand, and Beppo; as well as Clark Kent's adoptive parents Jonathan and Martha Kent.
The individual issues were titled, "The Jor-El Story", "This Planet Is Doomed!", and "The Last Days of Krypton", respectively.
Reception and legacy
World of Krypton's reception was positive, leading to subsequent similar titles and later more ambitious productions such as Camelot 3000 for the direct market in 1982.World of Krypton was reprinted and translated on a number of occasions. It was republished, in part or in whole, in Superman the Comic #2 (K.G. Murray Publishing Company, 1978), The Best of DC #5 (May-June 1980), and Tor Books' World of Krypton (June 1982). It has been translated into German, French, Swedish, Norwegian, Portuguese, and Italian.
DC published another World of Krypton miniseries from December 1987 to March 1988. Produced after the retcon events of Crisis on Infinite Earths, Krypton itself was the main subject of the latter The World of Krypton miniseries. Written by John Byrne and illustrated by Mike Mignola, it fills in much of Krypton's new history.
Collected editions
In 2018, DC published the trade paperback Superman: The Many Worlds of Krypton, which collected both World of Krypton miniseries as well as stories from Superman #233, 236, 238, 240, 248, 257, 266, and The Superman Family #182.
References
External links
World of Krypton (1979) at the Grand Comics Database
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Doğtaş is a Turkish furniture industry with a wide range of products from seating groups to dining room furniture, child and teenager room furniture, bedroom furniture, the first Medical Grade CE-certified mattresses in Turkey, and unique designs developed at international quality standards.
It was founded in Biga, Çanakkale, in 1972.One of the most well-established industrial organizations in the history of the Republic, Kelebek Mobilya was founded to manufacture plywood for aircraft wings in 1935. It manufactured plywood with Kelebek brand in Haliç, Istanbul, until 1986. It opened the modular furniture factory built in Düzce in technical cooperation with the world's best project groups in 1978 as one of Europe's most modern and largest manufacturing plants. Kelebek Mobilya continues to manufacture special wooden components for furniture, kitchen, bathroom, and living room sets using advanced technology in 40,000 square meters of indoor area on a 186,000-square meter plot in Düzce.
Doğtaş bolstered its already strong position in the furniture industry by acquiring Kelebek Mobilya in 2006. Following the merger, Doğtaş operated as Kelebek Furniture, Kelebek Kitchen & Bathroom, and Lova brands, and with the department of project works under the name Doğtaş Kelebek Mobilya San. ve Tic. A.Ş.
References
External links
Doğtaş Kelebek | country | {
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Doğtaş is a Turkish furniture industry with a wide range of products from seating groups to dining room furniture, child and teenager room furniture, bedroom furniture, the first Medical Grade CE-certified mattresses in Turkey, and unique designs developed at international quality standards.
It was founded in Biga, Çanakkale, in 1972.One of the most well-established industrial organizations in the history of the Republic, Kelebek Mobilya was founded to manufacture plywood for aircraft wings in 1935. It manufactured plywood with Kelebek brand in Haliç, Istanbul, until 1986. It opened the modular furniture factory built in Düzce in technical cooperation with the world's best project groups in 1978 as one of Europe's most modern and largest manufacturing plants. Kelebek Mobilya continues to manufacture special wooden components for furniture, kitchen, bathroom, and living room sets using advanced technology in 40,000 square meters of indoor area on a 186,000-square meter plot in Düzce.
Doğtaş bolstered its already strong position in the furniture industry by acquiring Kelebek Mobilya in 2006. Following the merger, Doğtaş operated as Kelebek Furniture, Kelebek Kitchen & Bathroom, and Lova brands, and with the department of project works under the name Doğtaş Kelebek Mobilya San. ve Tic. A.Ş.
References
External links
Doğtaş Kelebek | headquarters location | {
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Philippine Medal of Valor may refer to:
Armed Forces of the Philippines Medal of Valor, the highest military decoration of the Philippines
Philippine National Police Medal of Valor, the highest police decoration of the Philippines
See also
Medal of Valor | instance of | {
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Mashimaro (마시마로) or Yeopki Tokki (엽기토끼 "bizarre rabbit") in Korean and 流氓兔 ("hoodlum rabbit") in Chinese is a South Korean fictional character who resembles a fat rabbit, created by Kim Jae In (김재인). He debuted in a series of Flash animations (mostly without any dialogue, although the occasional word of Korean or English is present) on the internet. Mashimaro is far more often seen in merchandise, similar to Hello Kitty. (Mashimaro would in fact be best described as Korea's answer to Sanrio.) Mashimaro merchandise can be found on the internet and in Korean communities around the world.
The original Mashimaro cartoons are full of toilet humour, and some of this is also to be found in the merchandise. Mashimaro himself is often portrayed with a plunger stuck to his head.
When this character was first designed, directors decided to not to use him because they thought 'cartoon characters must have big eyes and positive attitudes,’ and Mashimaro has razor thin eyes and too pessimistic attitude. So the creator Kim Jae made a series of flash animations on the Internet cartoon site and people loved it. The directors then changed their mind about Mashimaro and he became the first Korean hit character. Some years later, the company began to professionally market Mashimaro.Mashimaro also has a look-alike, Chocomaro, who is brown. Chocomaro appears in two parodies of "Mashimaro" Episodes, including Episodes 2 and 3. Chocomaro tries to do what Mashimaro would normally do in these episodes, but always messes them up and ends up getting hurt. It is unknown exactly what relationship Chocomaro shares with Mashimaro, but most believe that he is the brother of Mashimaro.The name "Mashimaro" came from the creator's niece/nephew mispronouncing the word "marshmallow" and this character was modeled after the creator's nephew.
A Chinese-Korean animated series based on the character was created in 2018. In 2020, it was announced that a live action movie Mashimaro would be produced. The movie was released on April 6,2022, and was titled "Detective Mashimaro"
See also
Contemporary culture of South Korea
References
External links
Official Site
AsiaFinest MashiMaro | Quora topic ID | {
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Mashimaro (마시마로) or Yeopki Tokki (엽기토끼 "bizarre rabbit") in Korean and 流氓兔 ("hoodlum rabbit") in Chinese is a South Korean fictional character who resembles a fat rabbit, created by Kim Jae In (김재인). He debuted in a series of Flash animations (mostly without any dialogue, although the occasional word of Korean or English is present) on the internet. Mashimaro is far more often seen in merchandise, similar to Hello Kitty. (Mashimaro would in fact be best described as Korea's answer to Sanrio.) Mashimaro merchandise can be found on the internet and in Korean communities around the world.
The original Mashimaro cartoons are full of toilet humour, and some of this is also to be found in the merchandise. Mashimaro himself is often portrayed with a plunger stuck to his head.
When this character was first designed, directors decided to not to use him because they thought 'cartoon characters must have big eyes and positive attitudes,’ and Mashimaro has razor thin eyes and too pessimistic attitude. So the creator Kim Jae made a series of flash animations on the Internet cartoon site and people loved it. The directors then changed their mind about Mashimaro and he became the first Korean hit character. Some years later, the company began to professionally market Mashimaro.Mashimaro also has a look-alike, Chocomaro, who is brown. Chocomaro appears in two parodies of "Mashimaro" Episodes, including Episodes 2 and 3. Chocomaro tries to do what Mashimaro would normally do in these episodes, but always messes them up and ends up getting hurt. It is unknown exactly what relationship Chocomaro shares with Mashimaro, but most believe that he is the brother of Mashimaro.The name "Mashimaro" came from the creator's niece/nephew mispronouncing the word "marshmallow" and this character was modeled after the creator's nephew.
A Chinese-Korean animated series based on the character was created in 2018. In 2020, it was announced that a live action movie Mashimaro would be produced. The movie was released on April 6,2022, and was titled "Detective Mashimaro"
See also
Contemporary culture of South Korea
References
External links
Official Site
AsiaFinest MashiMaro | taxon name | {
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Mashimaro (마시마로) or Yeopki Tokki (엽기토끼 "bizarre rabbit") in Korean and 流氓兔 ("hoodlum rabbit") in Chinese is a South Korean fictional character who resembles a fat rabbit, created by Kim Jae In (김재인). He debuted in a series of Flash animations (mostly without any dialogue, although the occasional word of Korean or English is present) on the internet. Mashimaro is far more often seen in merchandise, similar to Hello Kitty. (Mashimaro would in fact be best described as Korea's answer to Sanrio.) Mashimaro merchandise can be found on the internet and in Korean communities around the world.
The original Mashimaro cartoons are full of toilet humour, and some of this is also to be found in the merchandise. Mashimaro himself is often portrayed with a plunger stuck to his head.
When this character was first designed, directors decided to not to use him because they thought 'cartoon characters must have big eyes and positive attitudes,’ and Mashimaro has razor thin eyes and too pessimistic attitude. So the creator Kim Jae made a series of flash animations on the Internet cartoon site and people loved it. The directors then changed their mind about Mashimaro and he became the first Korean hit character. Some years later, the company began to professionally market Mashimaro.Mashimaro also has a look-alike, Chocomaro, who is brown. Chocomaro appears in two parodies of "Mashimaro" Episodes, including Episodes 2 and 3. Chocomaro tries to do what Mashimaro would normally do in these episodes, but always messes them up and ends up getting hurt. It is unknown exactly what relationship Chocomaro shares with Mashimaro, but most believe that he is the brother of Mashimaro.The name "Mashimaro" came from the creator's niece/nephew mispronouncing the word "marshmallow" and this character was modeled after the creator's nephew.
A Chinese-Korean animated series based on the character was created in 2018. In 2020, it was announced that a live action movie Mashimaro would be produced. The movie was released on April 6,2022, and was titled "Detective Mashimaro"
See also
Contemporary culture of South Korea
References
External links
Official Site
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Fernando Bale (born December 3, 2013) is a retired Australian Greyhound, which many in Australia thought to be the greatest racing greyhound in Australian racing. He earned a world-record $1.3m in prize money.
Appearance
Fernando Bale is mostly white in color with most of his body and legs white, but he also has a brindle rump and face (except a white stripe in the middle of his face). His official colour was white and dark brindle.
Career
His first victory was the 525m maiden special weight at The Meadows. After two further wins, he won his first of seven G1 races in the National Derby at Wentworth Park. After the Ballarat Derby, Fernando won the G1 Golden Easter Egg. His last two G1 wins were in the Adelaide Cup at Angle Park and the Top Gun at The Meadows.He raced in the Melbourne Cup Final, but placed second by a small margin. He then won the G2 Ballarat final and a free-for-all before he became too injured to race and was put out to stud. As of June 2022 he had sired 165 Group and Listed winners.
Pedigree
== References == | country | {
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HMCS Sussexvale was a River-class frigate that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for Sussex, New Brunswick. Her name was altered to prevent confusion with other Allied warships named Sussex. After the war she was converted to a Prestonian-class frigate and served until 1966. She was the last frigate launched by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War.Sussexvale was ordered as Valdorian on 1 February 1943 as part of the 1943–1944 River-class building program. She was laid down on 15 November 1943 by Davie Shipbuilding and Repairing Co. Ltd. at Lauzon, Quebec and launched 12 July 1944. At some point during 1944, her name was changed to Sussexvale. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 29 November 1944 at Quebec City.
Background
The River-class frigate was designed by William Reed of Smith's Dock Company of South Bank-on-Tees. Originally called a "twin-screw corvette", its purpose was to improve on the convoy escort classes in service with the Royal Navy at the time, including the Flower-class corvette. The first orders were placed by the Royal Navy in 1940 and the vessels were named for rivers in the United Kingdom, giving name to the class. In Canada they were named for towns and cities though they kept the same designation. The name "frigate" was suggested by Vice-Admiral Percy Nelles of the Royal Canadian Navy and was adopted later that year.Improvements over the corvette design included improved accommodation which was markedly better. The twin engines gave only three more knots of speed but extended the range of the ship to nearly double that of a corvette at 7,200 nautical miles (13,300 km) at 12 knots. Among other lessons applied to the design was an armament package better designed to combat U-boats including a twin 4-inch mount forward and 12-pounder aft. 15 Canadian frigates were initially fitted with a single 4-inch gun forward but with the exception of HMCS Valleyfield, they were all eventually upgraded to the double mount. For underwater targets, the River-class frigate was equipped with a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar and depth charge rails aft and four side-mounted throwers.River-class frigates were the first Royal Canadian Navy warships to carry the 147B Sword horizontal fan echo sonar transmitter in addition to the irregular ASDIC. This allowed the ship to maintain contact with targets even while firing unless a target was struck. Improved radar and direction-finding equipment improved the RCN's ability to find and track enemy submarines over the previous classes.Canada originally ordered the construction of 33 frigates in October 1941. The design was too big for the shipyards on the Great Lakes so all the frigates built in Canada were built in dockyards along the west coast or along the St. Lawrence River. In all Canada ordered the construction of 60 frigates including ten for the Royal Navy that transferred two to the United States Navy.
Service history
After working up at Bermuda in January 1945, Sussexvale was assigned to escort group EG 28. She joined the group in Derry in March and spent the rest of the war in Europe patrolling the waters around the United Kingdom. From 14 March to 20 April, EG 28 was among the escort groups deployed in the English Channel. In May 1945, she returned to Canada to undergo a tropicalization refit in preparation for service in the southern Pacific Ocean. This meant adding refrigeration and water-cooling capabilities and changing the camouflage. The refit was performed at Shelburne but was never finished, having been cancelled due to the surrender of Japan. She was paid off on 16 November 1945 at Sydney, Nova Scotia and placed in reserve at Shelburne.
Postwar service
Sussexvale was sold to Marine Industries Ltd. after the war. However, with the increasing Soviet submarine threat, the Royal Canadian Navy sought to augment its anti-submarine forces. Sussexvale was reacquired and converted into a Prestonian-class frigate at Halifax. This meant a flush-decked appearance aft, with a larger bridge and taller funnel. Her hull forward was strengthened against ice and the quarterdeck was enclosed to contain two Squid anti-submarine mortars. On 1 January 1955, Sussexvale was assigned to the Second Canadian Escort Squadron of Pacific Command. She emerged from her conversion and was recommissioned on 18 March 1955 with the new pennant number 313. The frigate sailed for the west coast on 17 April arriving at Esquimalt in May.Sussexvale served with the Fourth Canadian Escort Squadron. She served as a training ship, having a deckhouse fitted midships to provide classrooms and mess facilities for officer cadets undergoing sea training. This deckhouse did not affect her combat capabilities. She remained in this role until being paid off 30 November 1966. In January 1960, Sussexvale and three other Prestonian-class ships made a tour of South American ports, visiting San Diego, Balboa, the Galapagos Islands, Callao and Valparaíso, Talara and Long Beach. Sussexvale was a member of the Fourth Canadian Escort Squadron based out of Esquimalt. In June 1960 the Fourth Canadian Escort Squadron performed a training tour of the Pacific, with stops at Yokohama, Japan, Midway Atoll and Pearl Harbor. They returned to Canada in August. From January to March 1961, Sussexvale, New Glasgow and Beacon Hill performed a training cruise to the South Pacific, visiting Hawaii, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia and Samoa. She was sold to Kennedy & Mitsui of Vancouver for breaking up in Japan in 1967.
References
Notes
Sources
Arbuckle, J. Graeme (1987). Badges of the Canadian Navy. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 0-920852-49-1.
Macpherson, Ken; Burgess, John. The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910–1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships. Collins: Toronto, 1981. ISBN 0-00-216856-1
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Revised & Expanded ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2. | instance of | {
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HMCS Sussexvale was a River-class frigate that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for Sussex, New Brunswick. Her name was altered to prevent confusion with other Allied warships named Sussex. After the war she was converted to a Prestonian-class frigate and served until 1966. She was the last frigate launched by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War.Sussexvale was ordered as Valdorian on 1 February 1943 as part of the 1943–1944 River-class building program. She was laid down on 15 November 1943 by Davie Shipbuilding and Repairing Co. Ltd. at Lauzon, Quebec and launched 12 July 1944. At some point during 1944, her name was changed to Sussexvale. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 29 November 1944 at Quebec City.
Background
The River-class frigate was designed by William Reed of Smith's Dock Company of South Bank-on-Tees. Originally called a "twin-screw corvette", its purpose was to improve on the convoy escort classes in service with the Royal Navy at the time, including the Flower-class corvette. The first orders were placed by the Royal Navy in 1940 and the vessels were named for rivers in the United Kingdom, giving name to the class. In Canada they were named for towns and cities though they kept the same designation. The name "frigate" was suggested by Vice-Admiral Percy Nelles of the Royal Canadian Navy and was adopted later that year.Improvements over the corvette design included improved accommodation which was markedly better. The twin engines gave only three more knots of speed but extended the range of the ship to nearly double that of a corvette at 7,200 nautical miles (13,300 km) at 12 knots. Among other lessons applied to the design was an armament package better designed to combat U-boats including a twin 4-inch mount forward and 12-pounder aft. 15 Canadian frigates were initially fitted with a single 4-inch gun forward but with the exception of HMCS Valleyfield, they were all eventually upgraded to the double mount. For underwater targets, the River-class frigate was equipped with a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar and depth charge rails aft and four side-mounted throwers.River-class frigates were the first Royal Canadian Navy warships to carry the 147B Sword horizontal fan echo sonar transmitter in addition to the irregular ASDIC. This allowed the ship to maintain contact with targets even while firing unless a target was struck. Improved radar and direction-finding equipment improved the RCN's ability to find and track enemy submarines over the previous classes.Canada originally ordered the construction of 33 frigates in October 1941. The design was too big for the shipyards on the Great Lakes so all the frigates built in Canada were built in dockyards along the west coast or along the St. Lawrence River. In all Canada ordered the construction of 60 frigates including ten for the Royal Navy that transferred two to the United States Navy.
Service history
After working up at Bermuda in January 1945, Sussexvale was assigned to escort group EG 28. She joined the group in Derry in March and spent the rest of the war in Europe patrolling the waters around the United Kingdom. From 14 March to 20 April, EG 28 was among the escort groups deployed in the English Channel. In May 1945, she returned to Canada to undergo a tropicalization refit in preparation for service in the southern Pacific Ocean. This meant adding refrigeration and water-cooling capabilities and changing the camouflage. The refit was performed at Shelburne but was never finished, having been cancelled due to the surrender of Japan. She was paid off on 16 November 1945 at Sydney, Nova Scotia and placed in reserve at Shelburne.
Postwar service
Sussexvale was sold to Marine Industries Ltd. after the war. However, with the increasing Soviet submarine threat, the Royal Canadian Navy sought to augment its anti-submarine forces. Sussexvale was reacquired and converted into a Prestonian-class frigate at Halifax. This meant a flush-decked appearance aft, with a larger bridge and taller funnel. Her hull forward was strengthened against ice and the quarterdeck was enclosed to contain two Squid anti-submarine mortars. On 1 January 1955, Sussexvale was assigned to the Second Canadian Escort Squadron of Pacific Command. She emerged from her conversion and was recommissioned on 18 March 1955 with the new pennant number 313. The frigate sailed for the west coast on 17 April arriving at Esquimalt in May.Sussexvale served with the Fourth Canadian Escort Squadron. She served as a training ship, having a deckhouse fitted midships to provide classrooms and mess facilities for officer cadets undergoing sea training. This deckhouse did not affect her combat capabilities. She remained in this role until being paid off 30 November 1966. In January 1960, Sussexvale and three other Prestonian-class ships made a tour of South American ports, visiting San Diego, Balboa, the Galapagos Islands, Callao and Valparaíso, Talara and Long Beach. Sussexvale was a member of the Fourth Canadian Escort Squadron based out of Esquimalt. In June 1960 the Fourth Canadian Escort Squadron performed a training tour of the Pacific, with stops at Yokohama, Japan, Midway Atoll and Pearl Harbor. They returned to Canada in August. From January to March 1961, Sussexvale, New Glasgow and Beacon Hill performed a training cruise to the South Pacific, visiting Hawaii, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia and Samoa. She was sold to Kennedy & Mitsui of Vancouver for breaking up in Japan in 1967.
References
Notes
Sources
Arbuckle, J. Graeme (1987). Badges of the Canadian Navy. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 0-920852-49-1.
Macpherson, Ken; Burgess, John. The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910–1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships. Collins: Toronto, 1981. ISBN 0-00-216856-1
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Revised & Expanded ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2. | operator | {
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"Royal Canadian Navy"
]
} |
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