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December 1 all commercial and noncommercial DTV licensees and permittees that provided feeable ancillary or supplementary services as defined in this section at any point during the 12 month period ending on the preceding September 30 will electronically report for the applicable period A A brief description of the feeable ancillary or supplementary services provided B Gross revenues received from all feeable ancillary and supplementary services provided during the applicable period and C The amount of bitstream used to provide feeable ancillary or supplementary services during the applicable period Licensees and permittees will certify under penalty of perjury the accuracy of the information reported Failure to file information required by this section may result in appropriate sanctions ii A commercial or noncommercial DTV licensee or permittee that has provided feeable ancillary or supplementary services at any point during a 12 month period ending on September 30 must additionally file the FCC s standard remittance form Form 159 on the subsequent December 1 Licensees and permittees will certify the amount of gross revenues received from feeable ancillary or supplementary services for the applicable 12 month period and will remit the payment of the required fee iii The Commission reserves the right to audit each licensee s or permittee s records which support the calculation of the amount specified on line 23A of Form 159 Each licensee or permittee therefore is required to retain such records for three years from the date of remittance of fees 62 FR 26989 May 16 1997 as amended at 63 FR 15784 Apr 1 1998 63 FR 69216 Dec 16 1998 64 FR 4327 Jan 28 1999 66 FR 58982 Nov 26 2001 66 FR 65135 Dec 18 2001 67 FR 13232 Mar 21 2002 67 FR 38423 June 4 2002 69 FR 59535 Oct 4
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2004 73 FR 5683 Jan 30 2008 74 FR 8878 Feb 27 2009 76 FR 44827 July 27 2011 83 FR 5022 Feb 2 2018 83 FR 19460 May 3 2018 86 FR 10856 Feb 23 2021 73 625 DTV coverage of principal community and antenna system Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7250 Feb 1 2024 47 CFR 73 625 enhanced display page 232 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 625 a Radio Broadcast Services a Transmitter location 1 The DTV transmitter location shall be chosen so that on the basis of the effective radiated power and antenna height above average terrain employed the following minimum F 50 90 field strength in dB above one uV m will be provided over the entire principal community to be served Channels 2 6 35 dBu Channels 7 13 43 dBu Channels 14 36 48 dBu 2 The location of the antenna must be so chosen that there is not a major obstruction in the path over the principal community to be served 3 For the purposes of this section coverage is to be determined in accordance with paragraph b of this section Under actual conditions the true coverage may vary from these estimates because the terrain over any specific path is expected to be different from the average terrain on which the field strength charts were based Further the actual extent of service will usually be less than indicated by these estimates due to interference from other stations Because of these factors the predicted field strength contours give no assurance of service to any specific percentage of receiver locations within the distances indicated b Determining coverage 1 In predicting the distance to the field strength contours the F
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50 50 field strength charts Figures 9 10 and 10b of 73 699 of this part and the F 50 10 field strength charts Figures 9a 10a and 10c of 73 699 of this part shall be used To use the charts to predict the distance to a given F 50 90 contour the following procedure is used Convert the effective radiated power in kilowatts for the appropriate azimuth into decibel value referenced to 1 kW dBk Subtract the power value in dBk from the contour value in dBu Note that for power less than 1 kW the difference value will be greater than the contour value because the power in dBk is negative Locate the difference value obtained on the vertical scale at the left edge of the appropriate F 50 50 chart for the DTV station s channel Follow the horizontal line for that value into the chart to the point of intersection with the vertical line above the height of the antenna above average terrain for the appropriate azimuth located on the scale at the bottom of the chart If the point of intersection does not fall exactly on a distance curve interpolate between the distance curves below and above the intersection point The distance values for the curves are located along the right edge of the chart Using the appropriate F 50 10 chart for the DTV station s channel locate the point where the distance coincides with the vertical line above the height of the antenna above average terrain for the appropriate azimuth located on the scale at the bottom of the chart Follow a horizontal line from that point to the left edge of the chart to determine the F 50 10 difference value Add the power value in dBk to this difference value
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to determine the F 50 10 contour value in dBu Subtract the F 50 50 contour value in dBu from this F 50 10 contour value in dBu Subtract this difference from the F 50 50 contour value in dBu to determine the F 50 90 contour value in dBu at the pertinent distance along the pertinent radial 2 The effective radiated power to be used is that radiated at the vertical angle corresponding to the depression angle between the transmitting antenna center of radiation and the radio horizon as determined individually for each azimuthal direction concerned In cases where the relative field strength at this depression angle is 90 or more of the maximum field strength developed in the vertical plane containing the pertaining radial the maximum radiation shall be used The depression 47 CFR 73 625 b 2 enhanced display page 233 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 625 b 3 Radio Broadcast Services angle is based on the difference in elevation of the antenna center of radiation above the average terrain and the radio horizon assuming a smooth spherical earth with a radius of 8 495 5 kilometers 5 280 miles and shall be determined by the following equation A 0 0277 square root of H Where A is the depression angle in degrees H is the height in meters of the transmitting antenna radiation center above average terrain of the 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 miles sector of the pertinent radial This formula is empirically derived for the limited purpose specified here Its use for any other purpose may be inappropriate 3 Applicants for new DTV stations or changes in the facilities of existing DTV stations must submit to the FCC a showing
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as to the location of their stations or proposed stations contour This showing is to include a map showing this contour except where applicants have previously submitted material to the FCC containing such information and it is found upon careful examination that the contour locations indicated therein would not change on any radial when the locations are determined under this section In the latter cases a statement by a qualified engineer to this effect will satisfy this requirement and no contour maps need be submitted 4 The antenna height to be used with these charts is the height of the radiation center of the antenna above the average terrain along the radial in question In determining the average elevation of the terrain the elevations between 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 miles from the antenna site are employed Profile graphs shall be drawn for 8 radials beginning at the antenna site and extending 16 1 kilometers 10 miles therefrom The radials should be drawn for each 45 degrees of azimuth starting with True North At least one radial must include the principal community to be served even though such community may be more than 16 1 kilometers 10 miles from the antenna site However in the event none of the evenly spaced radials include the principal community to be served and one or more such radials are drawn in addition to the 8 evenly spaced radials such additional radials shall not be employed in computing the antenna height above average terrain Where the 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of a radial extends in whole or in part over large bodies of water such as ocean areas gulfs sounds bays large lakes etc but not rivers or extends over foreign territory but the contour encompasses land
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area within the United States beyond the 16 1 kilometers 10 mile portion of the radial the entire 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of the radial shall be included in the computation of antenna height above average terrain However where the contour does not so encompass United States land area and 1 the entire 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of the radial extends over large bodies of water or foreign territory such radial shall be completely omitted from the computation of antenna height above average terrain and 2 where a part of the 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of a radial extends over large bodies of water or over foreign territory only that part of the radial extending from the 3 2 kilometer 2 mile sector to the outermost portion of land area within the United States covered by the radial shall be employed in the computation of antenna height above average terrain The profile graph for each radial should be plotted by contour intervals of from 12 2 30 5 meters 40 100 feet and where the data permits at least 50 points of elevation generally uniformly spaced should be used for each radial In instances of very rugged terrain where the use of contour intervals of 30 5 meters 100 feet would result in several points in a short distance 61 0 122 0 meter 200 400 foot contour 47 CFR 73 625 b 4 enhanced display page 234 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 625 b 5 Radio Broadcast Services intervals may be used for such distances On the other hand where the terrain is uniform or gently sloping the smallest contour interval indicated
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on the topographic map see paragraph b 5 of this section should be used although only relatively few points may be available The profile graphs should indicate the topography accurately for each radial and the graphs should be plotted with the distance in kilometers as the abscissa and the elevation in meters above mean sea level as the ordinate The profile graphs should indicate the source of the topographical data employed The graph should also show the elevation of the center of the radiating system The graph may be plotted either on rectangular coordinate paper or on special paper which shows the curvature of the earth It is not necessary to take the curvature of the earth into consideration in this procedure as this factor is taken care of in the charts showing signal strengths The average elevation of the 12 9 kilometer 8 miles distance between 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 miles from the antenna site should then be determined from the profile graph for each radial This may be obtained by averaging a large number of equally spaced points by using a planimeter or by obtaining the median elevation that exceeded for 50 of the distance in sectors and averaging those values In directions where the terrain is such that negative antenna heights or heights below 30 5 meters 100 feet for the 3 2 to 16 1 kilometers 2 to 10 mile sector are obtained an assumed height of 30 5 meters 100 feet shall be used for the prediction of coverage However where the actual contour distances are critical factors a supplemental showing of expected coverage must be included together with a description of the method employed in predicting such coverage In special cases the Commission may require additional information as to terrain and
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coverage 5 In the preparation of the profile graph previously described and in determining the location and height above sea level of the antenna site the elevation or contour intervals shall be taken from the United States Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle Maps United States Army Corps of Engineers maps or Tennessee Valley Authority maps whichever is the latest for all areas for which such maps are available If such maps are not published for the area in question the next best topographic information should be used Topographic data may sometimes be obtained from State and Municipal agencies Data from Sectional Aeronautical Charts including bench marks or railroad depot elevations and highway elevations from road maps may be used where no better information is available In cases where limited topographic data is available use may be made of an altimeter in a car driven along roads extending generally radially from the transmitter site United States Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle Maps may be obtained from the United States Geological Survey Department of the Interior Washington D C 20240 Sectional Aeronautical Charts are available from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Department of Commerce Washington D C 20235 In lieu of maps the average terrain elevation may be computer generated except in the cases of dispute using elevations from a 30 second point or better topographic data file The file must be identified and the data processed for intermediate points along each radial using linear interpolation techniques The height above mean sea level of the antenna site must be obtained manually using appropriate topographic maps c Antenna system 1 The antenna system shall be designed so that the effective radiated power at any angle above the horizontal shall be as low as the state of the art permits and in the same
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vertical plane may not exceed the effective radiated power in either the horizontal direction or below the horizontal whichever is greater 2 An antenna designed or altered to produce a noncircular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is considered to be a directional antenna Antennas purposely installed in such a manner as to result in the mechanical beam tilting of the major vertical radiation lobe are included in this category 47 CFR 73 625 c 2 enhanced display page 235 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 625 c 3 Radio Broadcast Services 3 Applications proposing the use of directional antenna systems must be accompanied by the following i Complete description of the proposed antenna system including the manufacturer and model number of the proposed directional antenna ii Relative field horizontal plane pattern horizontal polarization only of the proposed directional antenna A value of 1 0 should be used for the maximum radiation The plot of the pattern should be oriented so that 0 degrees corresponds to true North Where mechanical beam tilt is intended the amount of tilt in degrees of the antenna vertical axis and the orientation of the downward tilt with respect to true North must be specified and the horizontal plane pattern must reflect the use of mechanical beam tilt iii A tabulation of the relative field pattern required in paragraph c 3 ii of this section The tabulation should use the same zero degree reference as the plotted pattern and be tabulated at least every 10 degrees In addition tabulated values of all maxima and minima with their corresponding azimuths should be submitted iv Horizontal and vertical plane radiation patterns showing the effective radiated power in dBk for each direction Sufficient vertical plane patterns must
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be included to indicate clearly the radiation characteristics of the antenna above and below the horizontal plane In cases where the angles at which the maximum vertical radiation varies with azimuth a separate vertical radiation pattern must be provided for each pertinent radial direction v All horizontal plane patterns must be plotted to the largest scale possible on unglazed letter size polar coordinate paper main engraving approximately 18 cm 25 cm 7 inches 10 inches using only scale divisions and subdivisions of 1 2 2 5 or 5 times 10 nth All vertical plane patterns must be plotted on unglazed letter size rectangular coordinate paper Values of field strength on any pattern less than 10 percent of the maximum field strength plotted on that pattern must be shown on an enlarged scale vi The horizontal and vertical plane patterns that are required are the patterns for the complete directional antenna system In the case of a composite antenna composed of two or more individual antennas this means that the patterns for the composite antenna not the patterns for each of the individual antennas must be submitted 4 Where simultaneous use of antennas or antenna structures is proposed the following provisions shall apply i In cases where it is proposed to use a tower of an AM broadcast station as a supporting structure for a DTV broadcast antenna an appropriate application for changes in the radiating system of the AM broadcast station must be filed by the licensee thereof A formal application FCC Form 301 or FCC Form 340 for a noncommercial educational station will be required if the proposal involves substantial change in the physical height or radiation characteristics of the AM broadcast antennas otherwise an informal application will be acceptable In case of doubt an informal application letter together
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with complete engineering data should be submitted An application may be required for other classes of stations when the tower is to be used in connection with a DTV station ii When the proposed DTV antenna is to be mounted on a tower in the vicinity of an AM station directional antenna system and it appears that the operation of the directional antenna system may be affected an engineering study must be filed with the DTV application concerning the 47 CFR 73 625 c 4 ii enhanced display page 236 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 625 c 5 Radio Broadcast Services effect of the DTV antenna on the AM directional radiation pattern Field measurements of the AM stations may be required prior to and following construction of the DTV station antenna and readjustments made as necessary 5 Applications proposing the use of electrical beam tilt pursuant to section 73 622 f 4 must be accompanied by the following i Complete description of the proposed antenna system including the manufacturer and model number Vertical plane radiation patterns conforming with paragraphs c 3 iv c 3 v and c 3 vi of this section ii For at least 36 evenly spaced radials including 0 degrees corresponding to true North a determination of the depression angle between the transmitting antenna center of radiation and the radio horizon using the formula in paragraph b 2 of this section iii For each such radial direction the ERP at the depression angle taking into account the effect of the electrical beam tilt mechanical beam tilt if used and directional antenna pattern if a directional antenna is specified iv The maximum ERP toward the radio horizon determined by this process must be clearly indicated In
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addition a tabulation of the relative fields representing the effective radiation pattern toward the radio horizon in the 36 radial directions must be submitted A value of 1 0 should be used for the maximum radiation 62 FR 26990 May 16 1997 as amended at 63 FR 13562 Mar 20 1998 66 FR 9985 Feb 13 2001 66 FR 65135 Dec 18 2001 83 FR 5544 Feb 8 2018 86 FR 66209 Nov 22 2021 73 626 DTV distributed transmission systems Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7250 Feb 1 2024 a A DTV station may be authorized to operate multiple synchronized transmitters on its assigned channel to provide service consistent with the requirements of this section Such operation is called a distributed transmission system DTS Except as expressly provided in this section DTV stations operating a DTS facility must comply with all rules applicable to DTV single transmitter stations b For purposes of compliance with this section a station s authorized service area is defined as the area within its predicted noise limited service contour determined using the facilities authorized for the station in a license or construction permit for non DTS single transmitter location operation c Table of Distances The following Table of Distances describes by channel and zone a station s maximum service area that can be obtained in applying for a DTS authorization and the maximum interference area that can be created by its facilities 47 CFR 73 626 c enhanced display page 237 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 626 c Radio Broadcast Services Table 1 to Paragraph c Distance from reference point Reference Distance from Node interfering Service interference reference point field strength Channel Zone field strength F 50 90 F
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50 50 field strength F 50 10 F 50 10 dBu km km dBu km dBu 2 6 1 28 108 132 28 183 18 8 2 6 2 and 3 28 128 158 28 209 18 8 7 13 1 36 101 121 33 182 23 8 7 13 2 and 3 36 123 149 33 208 23 8 14 36 1 2 and 3 41 103 142 36 246 26 8 47 CFR 73 626 c enhanced display page 238 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 626 c 1 Radio Broadcast Services 1 DTV station zones are defined in 73 609 2 DTS reference point A station s DTS reference point is established in the FCC Order that created or made final modifications to the Post Transition DTV Table of Allotments 73 622 i and the corresponding facilities for the station s channel assignment as set forth in that FCC Order d Determining DTS coverage The coverage for each DTS transmitter is determined based on the F 50 90 field strength given in the Table of Distances in paragraph c of this section calculated in accordance with 73 625 b The combined coverage of a DTS station is the logical union of the coverage of all DTS transmitters e DTS protection from interference A DTS station must be protected from interference in accordance with the criteria specified in 73 616 To determine compliance with the interference protection requirements of 73 616 the population served by a DTS station shall be the population within the station s combined coverage contour excluding the population in areas that are outside both the DTV station s authorized service area and the Table of Distances area in paragraph c of this section
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Only population that is predicted to receive service by the method described in 73 622 e 2 from at least one individual DTS transmitter will be considered f Applications for DTS An application proposing use of a DTS will not be accepted for filing unless it meets all of the following conditions 1 The combined coverage from all of the DTS transmitters covers all of the applicant s authorized service area 2 Each DTS transmitter s coverage is contained within either the DTV station s Table of Distances area pursuant to paragraph c of this section or its authorized service area except where such extension of coverage beyond the station s authorized service area meets the following criteria i In no event shall the F 50 50 service contour of any DTS transmitter extend beyond that of its reference facility and ii In no event shall the F 50 10 node interfering contour of any DTS transmitter aside from one located at the reference point extend beyond the F 50 10 reference interfering contour of its reference facility and iii In no event shall the F 50 10 reference interfering contour of a facility at the reference point extend beyond the F 50 10 reference interfering contour of its reference facility 3 Each DTS transmitter s coverage is contiguous with at least one other DTS transmitter s coverage 4 The coverage from one or more DTS transmitter s is shown to provide principal community coverage as required in 73 625 a 5 The combined field strength of all the DTS transmitters in a network does not cause interference to another station in excess of the criteria specified in 73 616 where the combined field strength level is determined by a root sum square calculation in which the combined field strength
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level at a given location is equal to the square root of the sum of the squared field strengths from each transmitter in the DTS network at that location 6 Each DTS transmitter must be located within either the DTV station s Table of Distances area or its authorized service area 47 CFR 73 626 f 6 enhanced display page 239 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 626 g Radio Broadcast Services g All transmitters operating under a single DTS license must follow the same digital broadcast television transmission standard 73 FR 74063 Dec 5 2008 as amended at 83 FR 5022 Feb 2 2018 86 FR 21226 Apr 22 2021 73 641 Subscription TV definitions Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 a Subscription television A system whereby subscription television programs are transmitted and received b Subscription television program A television boadcast program intended to be received in intelligible form for a fee or charge 52 FR 6154 Mar 2 1987 73 642 Subscription TV service Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 a Subscription TV service may be provided by 1 Licensees and permittees of commercial and noncommercial TV stations and 2 Licensees and permittees of low power TV stations b A licensee or permittee of a commercial or noncommercial TV station or a low power TV station may begin subscription TV service upon installation of encoding equipment having advance FCC approval However the licensee or permittee of a TV broadcast station not applicable to low power TV stations must send a letter to the FCC in Washington DC that subscription TV service will commence at least 30 days prior to commencement of such service In that
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letter to be entitled Notice of Commencement of STV Operations the licensee or permittee is to state that it will comply with the provisions of paragraphs e 1 through e 3 and 73 644 c of this chapter and identify the make and type of encoding system to be used A similar notice must be submitted if the licensee or permittee commences using another type of encoding system See section 644 h A notice must also be submitted to the FCC in Washington DC if encoded subscription TV service is to be discontinued at least 30 days prior to such discontinuance c The station proof of system compliance measurement data see 73 644 c need not be submitted to the FCC however the measurement data must be available to the FCC upon request d The use of the visual vertical blanking interval or an aural subcarrier for transmitting subscriber decoder control code signals during periods of normal non encoded programming may be used only upon specific FCC authorization Letter requests to use either the video blanking intervals or aural subcarriers during periods of non subscription programming are to be sent to the FCC in Washington D C e A licensee or permittee of a commercial or noncommercial TV broadcast or low power TV station may not transmit a subscription service if it has a contract arrangement or understanding expressed or implied that 47 CFR 73 642 e enhanced display page 240 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 642 e 1 Radio Broadcast Services 1 Prevents or hinders it from rejecting or refusing any subscription TV broadcast program that it reasonably believes to be unsatisfactory or unsuitable or contrary to the public interests or substituting a subscription or conventional program
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that in its opinion is of greater local or national importance or 2 Delegates to any other person the right to schedule the hours of transmission of subscription programs However this rule does not prevent a licensee or permittee from entering into an agreement or arrangement whereby it agrees to schedule a specific subscription TV broadcast program at a specific time or to schedule a specific number of hours of subscription programs during the broadcast day or segments thereof or weeks or 3 Deprives it of the right of ultimate decision concerning the maximum amount of any subscription program charge or fee 4 Has provisions that do not comply with the following policies of the FCC i Unless a satifactory signal is unavailable at the location where service is desired subscription TV service must be provided to all persons desiring it within the Grade A contour of the station broadcasting subscription programs Geographic or other reasonable patterns of installation for new subscription services is permitted and for good cause service may be terminated ii Charges terms and conditions of service to subscribers must be applied uniformly However subscribers may be divided into reasonable classifications approved by the FCC and the impositions of different sets of terms and conditions may be applied to subscribers in different classifications Further for good cause within such classification deposits may be required from some subscribers and not of others and also for good cause if a subscription system generally uses a credit type decoder cash operated decoders may be installed for some subscribers 48 FR 56392 Dec 21 1983 as amended at 52 FR 6154 Mar 2 1987 66 FR 58982 Nov 26 2001 73 643 Subscription TV operating requirements Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 The non technical
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rules and policies applicable to regular TV broadcast stations are applicable to subscription TV operations except where specifically exempted in the provisions of those rules and policies 48 FR 56392 Dec 21 1983 73 644 Subscription TV transmission systems Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 a Licensees and permittees of commercial and noncommercial TV broadcast and low power TV stations may conduct subscription operations only by using an encoding system that has been approved in advance by the FCC Such advance approval may be applied for and granted in accordance with the procedures given in subpart M part 2 of the Rules b The criteria for advance approval of subscription TV transmitting systems by the FCC are as follows 47 CFR 73 644 b enhanced display page 241 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 644 b 1 Radio Broadcast Services 1 Spectral energy in the transmitted signal must not exceed the limitations given in 73 687 e 2 No increase in width of the television broadcast channel 6 MHz is permitted 3 The technical system must enable stations to transmit encoded subscription TV programs without increasing the RMS output power from either the video or audio transmitters over that required to transmit the same program material using normal transmission standards 4 Modification of a type accepted TV broadcast or low power TV transmitter for encoded transmissions must not render transmitter incapable of operating in accordance with the operating specifications upon which type acceptance was granted See 2 1001 b k 5 Interference to reception of conventional television either of co channel or adjacent channel stations must not increase over that resulting from the transmission of programming with normal transmission standards 6 Subscriber decoder
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devices must meet the provisions where required of subpart H of part 15 of the FCC Rules for TV Interface Devices c Prior to commencing the transmission of encoded subscription programming the licensee or permittee of a TV broadcast or low power TV station must perform such tests and measurements to determine that the transmitted encoded signal conforms to the radiated radio frequency and demodulated baseband and waveforms transmitter operating power determination and the occupied bandwidth limitations specified in the application for advance FCC approval of the system being used A copy of the measurement data is to be maintained in the station files and made available to the FCC upon request d The licensee of a station transmitting an encoded subscription service must have at the transmitter control point the technical specifications for the system being used of both the aural and visual baseband signals and the transmitted radiofrequency signals and have the necessary measuring and monitoring equipment including transmitter output power measuring equi pment to determine that the transmissions conform to the advance approval specifications on file with the FCC Full operating specifications for the system must be available to representatives of the FCC upon request e The operating power of the transmitters during encoded operations must be determined and maintained according to the procedures given in the application for advance approval f A station using an encoding system in accordance with the specifications filed with the application for advance approval is deemed to be exempted from those technical regulations of this subpart and subpart H to the extent they are specifically detailed in the application g No protection from interference of any kind will be afforded to reception of encoded subscription programming over that afforded reception of non encoded signals h A licensee or permittee may make
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no modifications on a subscription encoding system that would alter the characteristics of the transmitted aural or visual signal from those specified in the application for advance approval A licensee or permittee of a station replacing its encoding system must perform the measurements required by paragraph c of this section A TV broadcast station licensee or permittee must also send a letter advising the FCC of the new system being used as required by 73 642 b of this chapter i The station licensee is fully responsible for all technical operations of the station during transmissions of encoded subscription programming regardless of the supplier of the encoding equipment or subscription program service 47 CFR 73 644 i enhanced display page 242 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 644 j Radio Broadcast Services Note Stations transmitting encoded subscription programming prior to October 1 1983 must comply with all technical and operating requirements of this Section no later than April 1 1984 Stations not having the information to comply with this Section must obtain such information from the manufacturer of the encoding system being used and if necessary by measurements of the station s transmission system j Upon request by an authorized representative of the FCC the licensee of a TV station transmitting encoded programming must make available a receiving decoder to the Commission to carry out its regulatory responsibilities 48 FR 56392 Dec 21 1983 as amended at 57 FR 48333 Oct 23 1992 66 FR 58982 Nov 26 2001 73 646 Telecommunications Service on the Vertical Blanking Interval and in the Visual Signal Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 a Telecommunications services permitted on the vertical blanking interval VBI and in the visual
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signal include the transmission of data processed information or any other communication in either a digital or analog mode b Telecommunications service on the VBI and in the visual signal is of an ancillary nature and as such is an elective subsidiary activity No service guidelines limitations or performance standards are applied to it The kinds of service that may be provided include but are not limited to teletext paging computer software and bulk data distribution and aural messages Such services may be provided on a broadcast point to point or point to multipoint basis c Telecommunications services that are common carrier in nature are subject to common carrier regulation Licensees operating such services are required to apply to the Commission for the appropriate authorization and to comply with all policies and rules applicable to the particular service d Television licensees are authorized to lease their VBI and visual signal telecommunications facilities to outside parties In all arrangements entered into with outside parties affecting telecommunications service operation the licensee or permittee must retain control over all material transmitted in a broadcast mode via the station s facilities with the right to reject any material that it deems inappropriate or undesirable The licensee or permittee is also responsible for all aspects of technical operation involving such telecommunications services e The grant or renewal of a TV station license or permit will not be furthered or promoted by proposed or past VBI or visual signal telecommunications service operation the licensee must establish that its broadcast operation serves the public interest wholly apart from such telecommunications service activities Violation of rules applicable to VBI and visual signal telecommunications services could of course reflect on a licensee s qualifications to hold its license or permit f TV broadcast stations are authorized to transmit VBI
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and visual telecommunications service signals during any time period including portions of the day when normal programming is not broadcast Such transmissions must be in accordance with the technical provisions of 73 682 50 FR 4663 Feb 1 1985 as amended at 50 FR 9035 Mar 6 1985 61 FR 36304 July 10 1996 47 CFR 73 646 f enhanced display page 243 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 653 Radio Broadcast Services 73 653 Operation of TV aural and visual transmitters Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 The aural and visual transmitters may be operated independently of each other or if operated simultaneously may be used with different and unrelated program material 54 FR 9806 Mar 8 1989 73 658 Affiliation agreements and network program practices territorial exclusivity in non network program arrangements a Exclusive affiliation of station No license shall be granted to a television broadcast station having any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied with a network organization under which the station is prevented or hindered from or penalized for broadcasting the programs of any other network organization The term network organization as used in this section includes national and regional network organizations See ch VII J of Report on Chain Broadcasting b Territorial exclusively No license shall be granted to a television broadcast station having any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied with a network organization which prevents or hinders another broadcast station located in the same community from broadcasting the network s programs not taken by the former station or which prevents or hinders another broadcast station located in a different community from broadcasting any program of the network organization This section shall not be construed
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to prohibit any contract arrangement or understanding between a station and a network organization pursuant to which the station is granted the first call in its community upon the programs of the network organization As employed in this paragraph the term community is defined as the community specified in the instrument of authorization as the location of the station c Reserved d Station commitment of broadcast time No license shall be granted to a television broadcast station having any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied with any network organization which provides for optioning of the station s time to the network organization or which has the same restraining effect as time optioning As used in this section time optioning is any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied between a station and a network organization which prevents or hinders the station from scheduling programs before the network agrees to utilize the time during which such programs are scheduled or which requires the station to clear time already scheduled when the network organization seeks to utilize the time e Right to reject programs No license shall be granted to a television broadcast station having any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied with a network organization which with respect to programs offered or already contracted for pursuant to an affiliation contract prevents or hinders the station from 1 Rejecting or refusing network programs which the station reasonably believes to be unsatisfactory or unsuitable or contrary to the public interest or 2 Substituting a program which in the station s opinion is of greater local or national importance f Reserved 47 CFR 73 658 f enhanced display page 244 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 658 g Radio Broadcast Services
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g Dual network operation A television broadcast station may affiliate with a person or entity that maintains two or more networks of television broadcast stations unless such dual or multiple networks are composed of two or more persons or entities that on February 8 1996 were networks as defined in 73 3613 a 1 of the Commission s regulations that is ABC CBS Fox and NBC h Control by networks of station rates No license shall be granted to a television broadcast station having any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied with a network organization under which the station is prevented or hindered from or penalized for fixing or altering its rates for the sale of broadcast time for other than the network s programs i No license shall be granted to a television broadcast station which is represented for the sale of non network time by a network organization or by an organization directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with a network organization if the station has any contract arrangement or understanding express or implied which provides for the affiliation of the station with such network organization Provided however That this rule shall not be applicable to stations licensed to a network organization or to a subsidiary of a network organization j l Reserved m Territorial exclusivity in non network arrangements 1 No television station shall enter into any contract arrangement or understanding expressed or implied with a non network program producer distributor or supplier or other person which prevents or hinders another television station located in a community over 56 3 kilometers 35 miles away as determined by the reference points contained in 76 53 of this chapter if reference points for a community are not listed in 76 53 the location of the
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main post office will be used from broadcasting any program purchased by the former station from such non network program producer distributor supplier or other person except that a television station may secure exclusivity against a television station licensed to another designated community in a hyphenated market specified in the market listing as contained in 76 51 of this chapter for those 100 markets listed and for markets not listed in 76 51 of this chapter the listing as contained in the Nielsen Media Research DMA Rankings for the most recent year at the time that the exclusivity contract arrangement or understanding is complete under practices of the industry As used in this paragraph the term community is defined as the community specified in the instrument of authorization as the location of the station 2 Notwithstanding paragraph m 1 of this section a television station may enter into a contract arrangement or understanding with a producer supplier or distributor of a non network program if that contract arrangement or understanding provides that the broadcast station has exclusive national rights such that no other television station in the United States may broadcast the program Note 1 Contracts arrangements or understandings that are complete under the practices of the industry prior to August 7 1973 will not be disturbed Extensions or renewals of such agreements are not permitted because they would in effect be new agreements without competitive bidding However such agreements that were based on the broadcaster s advancing seed money for the production of a specific program or series that specify two time periods a tryout period and period thereafter for general exhibition may be extended or renewed as contemplated in the basic agreement 47 CFR 73 658 m 2 enhanced display page 245 of 580 47 CFR Part 73
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up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 659 73 663 Radio Broadcast Services Note 2 It is intended that the top 100 major television markets listed in 76 51 of this chapter shall be used for the purposes of this rule and that the listing of the top 100 television markets appearing in the ARB Television Market Analysis shall not be used The reference in this rule to the listing of markets in the ARB Television Market Analysis refers to hyphenated markets below the top 100 markets contained in the ARB Television Market Analysis If a community is listed in a hyphenated market in 76 51 and is also listed in one of the markets in the ARB listing the listing in 76 51 shall govern Note 3 The provisions of this paragraph apply only to U S commercial television broadcast stations in the 50 states and not to stations in Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands foreign stations or noncommercial educational television or public television stations either by way of restrictions on their exclusivity or on exclusivity against them Note 4 New stations authorized in any community of a hyphenated market listed in 76 51 of this chapter or in any community of a hyphenated market listed in the ARB Television Market Analysis for markets below the top 100 markets are subject to the same rules as previously existing stations therein New stations authorized in other communities are considered stations in separate markets unless and until 76 51 is amended by Commission action or the ARB listing is changed Sec 5 48 Stat 1068 47 U S C 155 28 FR 13660 Dec 14 1963 Editorial Note For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting 73 658 see the List of CFR Sections Affected which appears in the
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Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www govinfo gov 73 659 73 663 Reserved 73 664 Determining operating power Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 a The operating power of each TV visual transmitter shall normally be determined by the direct method b Direct method visual transmitter The direct method of power determination for a TV visual transmitter uses the indications of a calibrated transmission line meter responsive to peak power located at the RF output terminals of the transmitter The indications of the calibrated meter are used to observe and maintain the authorized operating power of the visual transmitter This meter must be calibrated whenever any component in the metering circuit is repaired or replaced and as often as necessary to ensure operation in accordance with the provisions of 73 1560 of this part The following calibration procedures are to be used 47 CFR 73 664 b enhanced display page 246 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 664 b 1 Radio Broadcast Services 1 The transmission line meter is calibrated by measuring the average power at the output terminals of the transmitter including any vestigial sideband and harmonic filters which may be used in normal operation For this determination the average power output is measured while operating into a dummy load of substantially zero reactance and a resistance equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance During this measurement the transmitter is to be modulated only by a standard synchronizing signal with blanking level set at 75 of peak amplitude as observed in an output waveform monitor and with this blanketing level amplitude maintained throughout the time interval between synchronizing pulses 2 If electrical devices are used to determine the
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output power such devices must permit determination of this power to within an accuracy of 5 of the power indicated by the full scale reading of the electrical indicating instrument of the device If temperature and coolant flow indicating devices are used to determine the power output such devices must permit determination of this power to within an accuracy of 4 of measured average power output The peak power output is the power so measured in the dummy load multiplied by the factor 1 68 During this measurement the input voltage and current to the final radio frequency amplifier stage and the transmission line meter are to be read and compared with similar readings taken with the dummy load replaced by the antenna These readings must be in substantial agreement 3 The meter must be calibrated with the transmitter operating at 80 100 and 110 of the authorized power as often as may be necessary to maintain its accuracy and ensure correct transmitter operating power In cases where the transmitter is incapable of operating at 110 of the authorized power output the calibration may be made at a power output between 100 and 110 of the authorized power output However where this is done the output meter must be marked at the point of calibration of maximum power output and the station will be deemed to be in violation of this rule if that power is exceeded The upper and lower limits of permissible power deviation as determined by the prescribed calibration must be shown upon the meter either by means of adjustable red markers incorporated in the meter or by red marks placed upon the meter scale or glass face These markings must be checked and changed if necessary each time the meter is calibrated c Indirect method visual
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transmitter The operating power is determined by the indirect method by applying an appropriate factor to the input power to the final radio frequency amplifier stage of the transmitter using the following formula Transmitter output power Ep Ip F Where Ep DC input voltage of the final radio frequency amplifier stage Ip DC input current of the final radio frequency amplifier stage F Efficiency factor 1 If the above formula is not appropriate for the design of the transmitter final amplifier use a formula specified by the transmitter manufacturer with other appropriate operating parameters 2 The value of the efficiency factor F established for the authorized transmitter output power is to be used for maintaining the operating power even though there may be some variation in F over the power operating range of the transmitter 47 CFR 73 664 c 2 enhanced display page 247 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 664 c 3 Radio Broadcast Services 3 The value of F is to be determined and a record kept thereof by one of the following procedures listed in order of preference i Using the most recent measurement data for calibration of the transmission line meter according to the procedures described in paragraph b of this section or the most recent measurements made by the licensee establishing the value of F In the case of composite transmitters or those in which the final amplifier stages have been modified pursuant to FCC approval the licensee must furnish the FCC and also retain with the station records the measurement data used as a basis for determining the value of F ii Using measurement data shown on the transmitter manufacturer s test data supplied to the licensee provided that measurements were made
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at the authorized carrier frequency and transmitter output power iii Using the transmitter manufacturer s measurement data submitted to the FCC for type acceptance as shown in the instruction book supplied to the licensee Note Refer to 73 1560 for aural transmitter output power levels 44 FR 58732 Oct 11 1979 as amended at 48 FR 44805 Sept 30 1983 49 FR 4210 Feb 3 1984 49 FR 22092 May 25 1984 49 FR 49851 Dec 24 1984 50 FR 26568 June 27 1985 54 FR 9806 Mar 8 1989 Redesignated at 58 FR 62555 Nov 29 1993 73 665 Use of TV aural baseband subcarriers Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7251 Feb 1 2024 Licensees of TV broadcast stations may transmit without further authorization from the FCC subcarriers and signals within the composite baseband for the following purposes a Stereophonic biphonic quadraphonic etc sound programs under the provisions of 73 667 and 73 669 b Transmission of signals relating to the operation of TV stations such as relaying broadcast materials to other stations remote cueing and order messages and control and telemetry signals for the transmitting system c Transmission of pilot or control signals to enhance the station s program service such as but not restricted to activation of noise reduction decoders in receivers for any other receiver control purpose or for program alerting and program identification d Subsidiary communications services 49 FR 18105 Apr 27 1984 73 667 TV subsidiary communications services Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7252 Feb 1 2024 47 CFR 73 667 enhanced display page 248 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 667 a Radio Broadcast Services a Subsidiary communications services are those transmitted within the TV aural
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baseband signal but do not include services which enhance the main program broadcast service or exclusively relate to station operations see 73 665 a b and c Subsidiary communications include but are not limited to services such as functional music specialized foreign language programs radio reading services utility load management market and financial data and news paging and calling traffic control signal switching and point to point or multipoint messages b TV subsidiary communications services that are common carrier or private radio in nature are subject to common carrier or private radio regulation Licensees operating such services are required to apply to the FCC for the appropriate authorization and to comply with all policies and rules applicable to the service Responsibility for making the initial determinations of whether a particular activity requires separate authority rests with the TV station licensee or permittee Initial determinations by licensees or permittees are subject to FCC examination and may be reviewed at the FCC s discretion c Subsidiary communications services are of a secondary nature under the authority of the TV station authorization and the authority to provide such communications services may not be retained or transferred in any manner separate from the station s authorization The grant or renewal of a TV station permit or license is not furthered or promoted by proposed or past subsidiary communications services The permittee or licensee must establish that the broadcast operation is in the public interest wholly apart from the subsidiary communications services provided d The station identification delayed recording and sponsor identification announcement required by 73 1201 73 1208 and 73 1212 are not applicable to leased communications services transmitted via services that are not of a general broadcast nature e The licensee or permittee must retain control over all material transmitted in a broadcast
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mode via the station s facilities with the right to reject any material that it deems inappropriate or undesirable 49 FR 18105 Apr 27 1984 as amended at 49 FR 27147 July 2 1984 56 FR 49707 Oct 1 1991 73 669 TV stereophonic aural and multiplex subcarrier operation Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7252 Feb 1 2024 a A TV broadcast station may without specific authority from the FCC transmit multichannel aural programs upon installation of multichannel sound equipment Prior to commencement of multichannel broadcasting the equipment shall be measured in accordance with 73 1690 e b Multiplex subcarriers may be used by a TV station pursuant to the provisions of 73 665 and may be transmitted on a secondary non interference basis to broadcast programming without specific authority from the FCC Transmissions must be conducted in accordance with the technical standards given in 73 682 c c In all arrangements entered into with outside parties affecting non common carrier subcarrier operation the licensee or permittee must retain control over all material transmitted over the station s facilities with the right to reject any material which is deemed inappropriate or undesirable Subchannel leasing arrangements must be kept in writing at the station and made available to the FCC upon request 49 FR 18106 Apr 27 1984 47 CFR 73 669 c enhanced display page 249 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 670 Radio Broadcast Services 73 670 Commercial limits in children s programs a No commercial television broadcast station licensee shall air more than 10 5 minutes of commercial matter per hour during children s programming on weekends or more than 12 minutes of commercial matter per hour on weekdays b The display of Internet
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Web site addresses during program material or promotional material not counted as commercial time is permitted only if the Web site 1 Offers a substantial amount of bona fide program related or other noncommercial content 2 Is not primarily intended for commercial purposes including either e commerce or advertising 3 The Web site s home page and other menu pages are clearly labeled to distinguish the noncommercial from the commercial sections and 4 The page of the Web site to which viewers are directed by the Web site address is not used for e commerce advertising or other commercial purposes e g contains no links labeled store and no links to another page with commercial material c If an Internet address for a Web site that does not meet the test in paragraph b of this section is displayed during a promotion in a children s program in addition to counting against the commercial time limits in paragraph a of this section the promotion must be clearly separated from program material d 1 Entities subject to commercial time limits under the Children s Television Act shall not display a Web site address during or adjacent to a program if at that time on pages that are primarily devoted to free noncommercial content regarding that specific program or a character appearing in that program i Products are sold that feature a character appearing in that program or ii A character appearing in that program is used to actively sell products 2 The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to i Third party sites linked from the companies Web pages ii On air third party advertisements with Web site references to third party Web sites or iii Pages that are primarily devoted to multiple characters from multiple programs Note 1 Commercial
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matter means air time sold for purposes of selling a product or service and promotions of television programs or video programming services other than children s or other age appropriate programming appearing on the same channel or promotions for children s educational and informational programming on any channel Note 2 For purposes of this section children s programming refers to programs originally produced and broadcast primarily for an audience of children 12 years old and younger 70 FR 36 Jan 3 2005 as amended at 71 FR 64164 Nov 1 2006 47 CFR 73 670 d 2 iii enhanced display page 250 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 671 Radio Broadcast Services 73 671 Educational and informational programming for children a Each commercial and noncommercial educational television broadcast station licensee has an obligation to serve over the term of its license the educational and informational needs of children through both the licensee s overall programming and programming specifically designed to serve such needs b Any special nonbroadcast efforts which enhance the value of children s educational and informational television programming and any special effort to produce or support educational and informational television programming by another station in the licensee s marketplace may also contribute to meeting the licensee s obligation to serve over the term of its license the educational and informational needs of children c For purposes of this section educational and informational television programming is any television programming that furthers the educational and informational needs of children 16 years of age and under in any respect including the child s intellectual cognitive or social emotional needs Programming specifically designed to serve the educational and informational needs of children Core Programming is educational and informational programming that satisfies
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the following additional criteria 1 It has serving the educational and informational needs of children ages 16 and under as a significant purpose 2 It is aired between the hours of 6 00 a m and 10 00 p m 3 It is a regularly scheduled weekly program except that a licensee may air a limited amount of programming that is not regularly scheduled on a weekly basis including educational specials and regularly scheduled non weekly programming and have that programming count as Core Programming as described in paragraph d of this section 4 It is at least 30 minutes in length except that a licensee may air a limited amount of short form programming including public service announcements and interstitials and have that programming count as Core Programming as described in paragraph d of this section 5 For commercial broadcast stations only the program is identified as specifically designed to educate and inform children by the display on the television screen throughout the program of the symbol E I 6 The target child audience is specified in writing in the licensee s Children s Television Programming Report as described in 73 3526 e 11 iii and 7 Instructions for listing the program as educational informational are provided by the licensee to publishers of program guides as described in 73 673 d The Commission will apply the processing guideline in this paragraph d to digital stations in assessing whether a television broadcast licensee has complied with the Children s Television Act of 1990 CTA on its digital channel s A digital television licensee will be deemed to have satisfied its obligation to air such programming and shall have the CTA portion of its license renewal application approved by the Commission staff if it has aired At least three hours per
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week of Core Programming as defined in paragraph c of this section and as averaged over a six month period or a total of 156 hours of Core Programming annually including at least 26 hours per quarter of regularly scheduled weekly programming and up to 52 hours annually of Core Programming of at least 30 minutes in length that is not regularly scheduled weekly programming such as educational specials and regularly scheduled non weekly programming A licensee will also been deemed to have satisfied the obligation in this paragraph d and be eligible for such staff approval if it has aired a total of 156 hours of Core Programming annually including at least 26 hours per quarter of regularly scheduled weekly programming and up to 52 hours of 47 CFR 73 671 d enhanced display page 251 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 671 e Radio Broadcast Services Core Programming that is not regularly scheduled on a weekly basis such as educational specials and regularly scheduled non weekly programming and short form programs of less than 30 minutes in length including public service announcements and interstitials Licensees that multicast are permitted to air up to 13 hours per quarter of regularly scheduled weekly programming on a multicast stream The remainder of a station s Core Programming must be aired on the station s primary stream Licensees that do not meet the processing guidelines in this paragraph d will be referred to the Commission where they will have full opportunity to demonstrate compliance with the CTA by relying in part on sponsorship of Core educational informational programs on other stations in the market that increases the amount of Core educational and informational programming on the station airing the sponsored program
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and or on special non broadcast efforts which enhance the value of children s educational and informational television programming e A station that preempts an episode of a regularly scheduled weekly Core Program will be permitted to count the episode toward the processing guidelines set forth in paragraph d of this section as follows 1 A station that preempts an episode of a regularly scheduled weekly Core Program on its primary stream will be permitted to air the rescheduled episode on its primary stream at any time during Core Programming hours within seven days before or seven days after the date the episode was originally scheduled to air The broadcast station must make an on air notification of the schedule change during the same time slot as the preempted episode If a station intends to air the rescheduled episode within the seven days before the date the episode was originally scheduled to air the station must make the on air notification during the same timeslot as the preceding week s episode of that program If the station intends to air the rescheduled episode within the seven days after the date the preempted episode was originally scheduled to air the station must make the on air notification during the timeslot when the preempted episode was originally scheduled to air The on air notification must include the alternate date and time when the program will air 2 A station that preempts an episode of a regularly scheduled weekly Core Program on a multicast stream will be permitted to air the rescheduled episode on that same multicast stream at any time during Core Programming hours within seven days before or seven days after the date the episode was originally scheduled to air The broadcast station must make an on air notification of the
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schedule change during the same time slot as the preempted episode If a station intends to air the rescheduled episode within the seven days before the date the episode was originally scheduled to air the station must make the on air notification during the same timeslot as the preceding week s episode of that program If the station intends to air the rescheduled episode within the seven days after the date the preempted episode was originally scheduled to air the station must make the on air notification during the timeslot when the preempted episode was originally scheduled to air The on air notification must include the alternate date and time when the program will air 3 A station that preempts an episode of a regularly scheduled weekly Core Program to air non regularly scheduled live programming produced locally by the station will not be required to reschedule the episode Note 1 to 73 671 For purposes of determining under this section whether programming has a significant purpose of serving the educational and informational needs of children the Commission will ordinarily rely on the good faith judgments of the licensee Commission review of compliance with that element of the definition will be done only as a last resort 47 CFR 73 671 e 3 enhanced display page 252 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 672 Radio Broadcast Services 56 FR 19616 Apr 29 1991 Redesignated at 56 FR 28825 June 25 1991 as amended at 61 FR 43997 Aug 27 1996 70 FR 37 Jan 3 2005 71 FR 64165 Nov 1 2006 83 FR 5544 Feb 8 2018 84 FR 41934 41935 Aug 16 2019 73 672 Reserved 73 673 Public information initiatives regarding educational and informational programming for
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children Each commercial television broadcast station licensee shall provide information identifying programming specifically designed to educate and inform children to publishers of program guides 70 FR 9877 Mar 1 2005 as amended at 84 FR 41935 Aug 16 2019 73 681 Definitions Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7252 Feb 1 2024 Amplitude modulation AM A system of modulation in which the envelope of the transmitted wave contains a component similar to the wave form of the signal to be transmitted Antenna electrical beam tilt The shaping of the radiation pattern in the vertical plane of a transmitting antenna by electrical means so that maximum radiation occurs at an angle below the horizontal plane Antenna height above average terrain The average of the antenna heights above the terrain from approximately 3 2 2 miles to 16 1 kilometers 10 miles from the antenna for the eight directions spaced evenly for each 45 degrees of azimuth starting with True North In general a different antenna height will be determined in each direction from the antenna The average of these various heights is considered the antenna height above the average terrain In some cases less than 8 directions may be used See 73 684 d Where circular or elliptical polarization is employed the antenna height above average terrain shall be based upon the height of the radiation center of the antenna which transmits the horizontal component of radiation Antenna mechanical beam tilt The intentional installation of a transmitting antenna so that its axis is not vertical in order to change the normal angle of maximum radiation in the vertical plane Antenna power gain The square of the ratio of the root mean square free space field strength produced at 1 kilometer in the horizontal plane in millivolts per meter for
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one kW antenna input power to 221 4 mV m This ratio should be expressed in decibels dB If specified for a particular direction antenna power gain is based on the field strength in that direction only Aspect ratio The ratio of picture width to picture height as transmitted Aural center frequency 1 The average frequency of the emitted wave when modulated by a sinusoidal signal 2 the frequency of the emitted wave without modulation Aural transmitter The radio equipment for the transmission of the aural signal only 47 CFR 73 681 Aural transmitter enhanced display page 253 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 681 Auxiliary facility Radio Broadcast Services Auxiliary facility An auxiliary facility is an antenna separate a from the main facility s antenna permanently installed on the same tower or at a different location from which a station may broadcast for short periods without prior Commission authorization or notice to the Commission while the main facility is not in operation e g where tower work necessitates turning off the main antenna or where lightning has caused damage to the main antenna or transmission system See 73 1675 BTSC Broadcast Television systems committee recommendation for multichannel television sound transmission and audio processing as defined in FCC Bulletin OET 60 Baseband Aural transmitter input signals between 0 and 120 kHz Blanking level The level of the signal during the blanking interval except the interval during the scanning synchronizing pulse and the chrominance subcarrier synchronizing burst Chrominance The colorimetric difference between any color and a reference color of equal luminance the reference color having a specific chromaticity Chrominance subcarrier The carrier which is modulated by the chrominance information Color transmission The transmission of color television signals which can be
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reproduced with different values of hue saturation and luminance Effective radiated power The product of the antenna input power and the antenna power gain This product should be expressed in kW and in dB above 1 kW dBk If specified for a particular direction effective radiated power is based on the antenna power gain in that direction only The licensed effective radiated power is based on the maximum antenna power gain When a station is authorized to use a directional antenna or an antenna beam tilt the direction of the maximum effective radiated power will be specified Where circular or elliptical polarization is employed the term effective radiated power is applied separately to the horizontally and vertically polarized components of radiation For assignment purposes only the effective radiated power authorized for the horizontally polarized component will be considered Equivalent isotropically radiated power EIRP The term equivalent isotropically radiated power also known as effective radiated power above isotropic means the product of the antenna input power and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna Field Scanning through the picture area once in the chosen scanning pattern In the line interlaced scanning pattern of two to one the scanning of the alternate lines of the picture area once Frame Scanning all of the picture area once In the line interlaced scanning pattern of two to one a frame consists of two fields Free space field strength The field strength that would exist at a point in the absence of waves reflected from the earth or other reflecting objects Frequency departure The amount of variation of a carrier frequency or center frequency from its assigned value Frequency deviation The peak difference between the instantaneous frequency of the modulated wave and the carrier frequency Frequency modulation FM A system
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of modulation where the instantaneous radio frequency varies in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal amplitude of modulating signal to be measured after pre emphasis if used and the instantaneous radio frequency is independent of the frequency of the modulating signal 47 CFR 73 681 Frequency modulation enhanced display page 254 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 681 Frequency swing Radio Broadcast Services Frequency swing The peak difference between the maximum and the minimum values of the instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave during modulation Interlaced scanning A scanning process in which successively scanned lines are spaced an integral number of line widths and in which the adjacent lines are scanned during successive cycles of the field frequency IRE standard scale A linear scale for measuring in IRE units the relative amplitudes of the components of a television signal from a zero reference at blanking level with picture information falling in the positive and synchronizing information in the negative domain Note When a carrier is amplitude modulated by a television signal in accordance with 73 682 the relationship of the IRE standard scale to the conventional measure of modulation is as follows Level IRE standard scale units Modulation percentage Zero carrier 120 0 Reference white 100 12 5 Blanking 0 75 Synchronizing peaks maximum carrier level 40 100 Luminance Luminous flux emitted reflected or transmitted per unit solid angle per unit projected area of the source Main channel The band of frequencies from 50 to 15 000 Hertz which frequency modulate the main aural carrier Monochrome transmission The transmission of television signals which can be reproduced in gradations of a single color only Multichannel Television Sound MTS Any system of aural transmission that utilizes aural baseband
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operation between 15 kHz and 120 kHz to convey information or that encodes digital information in the video portion of the television signal that is intended to be decoded as audio information Multiplex Transmission Aural A subchannel added to the regular aural carrier of a television broadcast station by means of frequency modulated subcarriers Negative transmission Where a decrease in initial light intensity causes an increase in the transmitted power Peak power The power over a radio frequency cycle corresponding in amplitude to synchronizing peaks Percentage modulation As applied to frequency modulation the ratio of the actual frequency deviation to the frequency deviation defined as 100 modulation expressed in percentage For the aural transmitter of TV broadcast stations a frequency deviation of 25 kHz is defined as 100 modulation Pilot subcarrier A subcarrier used in the reception of TV stereophonic aural or other subchannel broadcasts Polarization The direction of the electric field as radiated from the transmitting antenna Program related data signal A signal consisting of a series of pulses representing data which is transmitted simultaneously with and directly related to the accompanying television program Reference black level The level corresponding to the specified maximum excursion of the luminance signal in the black direction 47 CFR 73 681 Reference black level enhanced display page 255 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 681 Reference white level of the luminance signal Radio Broadcast Services Reference white level of the luminance signal The level corresponding to the specified maximum excursion of the luminance signal in the white direction Scanning The process of analyzing successively according to a predetermined method the light values of picture elements constituting the total picture area Scanning line A single continuous narrow strip of the picture area containing
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highlights shadows and half tones determined by the process of scanning Standard television signal A signal which conforms to the television transmission standards Synchronization The maintenance of one operation in step with another Television broadcast band The frequencies in the band extending from 54 to 608 megahertz which are assignable to television broadcast stations These frequencies are 54 to 72 megahertz channels 2 through 4 76 to 88 megahertz channels 5 and 6 174 to 216 megahertz channels 7 through 13 and 470 to 608 megahertz channels 14 through 36 Television broadcast station A station in the television broadcast band transmitting simultaneous visual and aural signals intended to be received by the general public Television channel A band of frequencies 6 MHz wide in the television broadcast band and designated either by number or by the extreme lower and upper frequencies Television transmission standards The standards which determine the characteristics of a television signal as radiated by a television broadcast station Television transmitter The radio transmitter or transmitters for the transmission of both visual and aural signals Vestigial sideband transmission A system of transmission wherein one of the generated sidebands is partially attenuated at the transmitter and radiated only in part Visual carrier frequency The frequency of the carrier which is modulated by the picture information Visual transmitter The radio equipment for the transmission of the visual signal only Visual transmitter power The peak power output when transmitting a standard television signal 28 FR 13660 Dec 14 1963 86 FR 66209 Nov 22 2021 Editorial Note For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting 73 681 see the List of CFR Sections Affected which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www govinfo gov 73 682 TV transmission standards Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7252
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Feb 1 2024 a Transmission standards 1 The width of the television broadcast channel shall be 6 MHz 2 The visual carrier frequency shall be nominally 1 25 MHz above the lower boundary of the channel 3 The aural center frequency shall be 4 5 MHz higher than the visual carrier frequency 47 CFR 73 682 a 3 enhanced display page 256 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 a 4 Radio Broadcast Services 4 The visual transmission amplitude characteristic shall be in accordance with the chart designated as Figure 5 of 73 699 Provided however That for stations operating on Channel 15 through 69 and employing a transmitter with maximum peak visual power output of 1 kW or less the visual transmission amplitude characteristic may be in accordance with the chart designated as Figure 5a of 73 699 5 The chrominance subcarrier frequency is 63 88 times precisely 5 MHz 3 57954545 MHz The tolerance is 10 Hz and the rate of frequency drift must not exceed 0 1 Hz per second cycles per second squared 6 For monochrome and color transmissions the number of scanning lines per frame shall be 525 interlaced two to one in successive fields The horizontal scanning frequency shall be 2 455 times the chrominance subcarrier frequency this corresponds nominally to 15 750 Hz with an actual value of 15 734 264 0 044 Hz The vertical scanning frequency is 2 525 times the horizontal scanning frequency this corresponds nominally to 60 Hz the actual value is 59 94 Hz For monochrome transmissions only the nominal values of line and field frequencies may be used 7 The aspect ratio of the transmitted television picture shall be 4 units horizontally to 3 units vertically
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8 During active scanning intervals the scene shall be scanned from left to right horizontally and from top to bottom vertically at uniform velocities 9 A carrier shall be modulated within a single television channel for both picture and synchronizing signals The two signals comprise different modulation ranges in amplitude in accordance with the following i Monochrome transmissions shall comply with synchronizing waveform specifications in Figure 7 of 73 699 ii Color transmissions shall comply with the synchronizing waveform specifications in Figure 6 of 73 699 iii All stations operating on Channels 2 through 14 and those stations operating on Channels 15 through 69 licensed for a peak visual transmitter output power greater than one kW shall comply with the picture transmission amplitude characteristics shown in Figure 5 of 73 699 iv Stations operating on Channels 15 through 69 licensed for a peak visual transmitter output power of one kW or less shall comply with the picture transmission amplitude characteristic shown in Figure 5 or 5a of 73 699 10 A decrease in initial light intensity shall cause an increase in radiated power negative transmission 11 The reference black level shall be represented by a definite carrier level independent of light and shade in the picture 12 The blanking level shall be transmitted at 75 2 5 percent of the peak carrier level 13 The reference white level of the luminance signal shall be 12 5 2 5 percent of the peak carrier level 14 It shall be standard to employ horizontal polarization However circular or elliptical polarization may be employed if desired in which case clockwise right hand rotation as defined in the IEEE Standard Definition 42A65 3E2 and transmission of the horizontal and vertical components in time and space quadrature shall be used For either omnidirectional or directional
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antennas the licensed effective radiated power of the vertically polarized component may not exceed the licensed effective 47 CFR 73 682 a 14 enhanced display page 257 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 a 15 Radio Broadcast Services radiated power of the horizontally polarized component For directional antennas the maximum effective radiated power of the vertically polarized component shall not exceed the maximum effective radiated power of the horizontally polarized component in any specified horizontal or vertical direction 15 The effective radiated power of the aural transmitter must not exceed 22 of the peak radiated power of the visual transmitter 16 The peak to peak variation of transmitter output within one frame of video signal due to all causes including hum noise and low frequency response measured at both scanning synchronizing peak and blanking level shall not exceed 5 percent of the average scanning synchronizing peak signal amplitude This provision is subject to change but is considered the best practice under the present state of the art It will not be enforced pending a further determination thereof 17 The reference black level shall be separated from the blanking level by the setup interval which shall be 7 5 2 5 percent of the video range from blanking level to the reference white level 18 For monochrome transmission the transmitter output shall vary in substantially inverse logarithmic relation to the brightness of the subject No tolerances are set at this time This provision is subject to change but is considered the best practice under the present state of the art It will not be enforced pending a further determination thereof 19 The color picture signal shall correspond to a luminance component transmitted as amplitude modulation of the picture carrier
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and a simultaneous pair of chrominance components transmitted as the amplitude modulation sidebands of a pair of suppressed subcarriers in quadrature 20 Equation of complete color signal i The color picture signal has the following composition EM EY EQ sin ωt 33 EI cos ωt 33 Where EQ 0 41 EB EY 0 48 ER EY EI 0 27 EB EY 0 74 ER EY EY 0 30ER 0 59EG 0 1EB For color difference frequencies below 500 kHz see iii below the signal can be represented by EM EY 1 1 14 1 1 78 EB EY sinωt ER EY cosωt ii The symbols in paragraph a 20 i of this section have the following significance EM is the total video voltage corresponding to the scanning of a particular picture element applied to the modulator of the picture transmitter EY is the gamma corrected voltage of the monochrome black and white portion of the color picture signal corresponding to the given picture element 47 CFR 73 682 a 20 ii enhanced display page 258 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 a 20 iii Radio Broadcast Services Note Forming of the high frequency portion of the monochrome signal in a different manner is permissible and may in fact be desirable in order to improve the sharpness on saturated colors EQ and EI are the amplitudes of two orthogonal components of the chrominance signal corresponding respectively to narrow band and wide band axes ER EG and EB are the gamma corrected voltages corresponding to red green and blue signals during the scanning of the given picture element ω is the angular frequency and is 2 times the frequency of the chrominance subcarrier The portion of each expression between brackets
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in i represents the chrominance subcarrier signal which carries the chrominance information The phase reference in the EM equation in i is the phase of the burst 180 as shown in Figure 8 of 73 699 The burst corresponds to amplitude modulation of a continuous sine wave iii The equivalent bandwidth assigned prior to modulation to the color difference signals EQ and EI are as follows Q channel bandwidth At 400 kHz less than 2 dB down At 500 kHz less than 6 dB down At 600 kHz at least 6 dB down I channel bandwidth At 1 3 MHz less than 2 dB down At 3 6 MHz at least 20 dB down iv The gamma corrected voltages ER EG and EB are suitable for a color picture tube having primary colors with the following chromaticities in the CIE system of specification x y Red R 0 67 0 33 Green G 0 21 0 71 Blue B 0 14 0 08 and having a transfer gradient gamma exponent of 2 2 associated with each primary color The voltages ER EG and EB may be respectively of the form ER1 γ EG1 γ and EB1 γ although other forms may be used with advances in the state of the art 47 CFR 73 682 a 20 iv enhanced display page 259 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 a 20 v Radio Broadcast Services Note At the present state of the art it is considered inadvisable to set a tolerance on the value of gamma and correspondingly this portion of the specification will not be enforced v The radiated chrominance subcarrier shall vanish on the reference white of the scene Note The numerical values of the signal specification
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assume that this condition will be reproduced as CIE Illuminant C x 0 310 y 0 316 vi EY EQ EI and the components of these signals shall match each other in time to 0 05 µsecs vii The angles of the subcarrier measured with respect to the burst phase when reproducing saturated primaries and their complements at 75 percent of full amplitude shall be within 10 and their amplitudes shall be within 20 percent of the values specified above The ratios of the measured amplitudes of the subcarrier to the luminance signal for the same saturated primaries and their complements shall fall between the limits of 0 8 and 1 2 of the values specified for their ratios Closer tolerances may prove to be practicable and desirable with advance in the art 21 The interval beginning with line 17 and continuing through line 20 of the vertical blanking interval of each field may be used for the transmission of test signals cue and control signals and identification signals subject to the conditions and restrictions set forth below Test signals may include signals designed to check the performance of the overall transmission system or its individual components Cue and control signals shall be related to the operation of the TV broadcast station Identification signals may be transmitted to identify the broadcast material or its source and the date and time of its origination Figures 6 and 7 of 73 699 identify the numbered lines referred to in this paragraph i Modulation of the television transmitter by such signals shall be confined to the area between the reference white level and the blanking level except where test signals include chrominance subcarrier frequencies in which case positive excursions of chrominance components may exceed reference white and negative excursions may extend into the
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synchronizing area In no case may the modulation excursions produced by test signals extend beyond peak of sync or to zero carrier level ii The use of such signals shall not result in significant degradation of the program transmission of the television broadcast station nor produce emission outside of the frequency band occupied for normal program transmissions iii Such signals may not be transmitted during that portion of each line devoted to horizontal blanking iv Regardless of other provisions of this paragraph after June 30 1994 Line 19 in each field may be used only for the transmission of the ghost canceling reference signal described in OET Bulletin No 68 which is available from the FCC Warehouse 9300 East Hampton Drive Capitol Heights MD 20743 Notwithstanding the modulation limits contained in paragraph a 23 i of this section the vertical interval reference signal formerly permitted on Line 19 and described in 47 CFR 73 682 a 21 iv enhanced display page 260 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 a 22 Radio Broadcast Services Figure 16 of 73 699 may be transmitted on any of lines 10 through 16 without specific Commission authorization subject to the conditions contained in paragraphs a 21 ii and a 22 ii of this section 22 i Line 21 in each field may be used for the transmission of a program related data signal which when decoded provides a visual depiction of information simultaneously being presented on the aural channel captions Line 21 field 2 may be used for transmission of a program related data signal which when decoded identifies a rating level associated with the current program Such data signals shall conform to the format described in figure 17 of 73 699 of
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this chapter and may be transmitted during all periods of regular operation On a space available basis line 21 field 2 may also be used for text mode data and extended data service information Note The signals on Fields 1 and 2 shall be distinct data streams for example to supply captions in different languages or at different reading levels ii At times when Line 21 is not being used to transmit a program related data signal data signals which are not program related may be transmitted Provided the same data format is used and the information to be displayed is of a broadcast nature iii The use of Line 21 for transmission of other data signals conforming to other formats may be used subject to prior authorization by the Commission iv The data signal shall cause no significant degradation to any portion of the visual signal nor produce emissions outside the authorized television channel v Transmission of visual emergency messages pursuant to 73 1250 shall take precedence and shall be cause for interrupting transmission of data signals permitted under this paragraph 23 Specific scanning lines in the vertical blanking interval may be used for the purpose of transmitting telecommunications signals in accordance with 73 646 subject to certain conditions i Telecommunications may be transmitted on Lines 10 18 and 20 all of Field 2 and Field 1 Modulation level shall not exceed 70 IRE on lines 10 11 and 12 and 80 IRE on lines 13 18 and 20 ii No observable degradation may be caused to any portion of the visual or aural signals iii Telecommunications signals must not produce emissions outside the authorized television channel bandwidth Digital data pulses must be shaped to limit spectral energy to the nominal video baseband iv Transmission of emergency visual messages
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pursuant to 73 1250 must take precedence over and shall be cause for interrupting a service such as teletext that provides a visual depiction of information simultaneously transmitted on the aural channel v A reference pulse for a decoder associated adaptive equalizer filter designed to improve the decoding of telecommunications signals may be inserted on any portion of the vertical blanking interval authorized for data service in accordance with the signal levels set forth in paragraph a 23 i of this section 47 CFR 73 682 a 23 v enhanced display page 261 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 a 23 vi Radio Broadcast Services vi All lines authorized for telecommunications transmissions may be used for other purposes upon prior approval by the Commission 24 Licensees and permittees of TV broadcast and low power TV stations may insert non video data into the active video portion of their TV transmission subject to certain conditions i The active video portion of the visual signal begins with line 22 and continues through the end of each field except it does not include that portion of each line devoted to horizontal blanking Figures 6 and 7 of 73 699 identify the numbered line referred to in this paragraph ii Inserted non video data may be used for the purpose of transmitting a telecommunications service in accordance with 73 646 In addition to a telecommunications service non video data can be used to enhance the station s broadcast program service or for purposes related to station operations Signals relating to the operation of TV stations include but are not limited to program or source identification relay of broadcast materials to other stations remote cueing and order messages and control and telemetry signals
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for the transmitting system and iii A station may only use systems for inserting non video information that have been approved in advance by the Commission The criteria for advance approval of systems are as follows A The use of such signals shall not result in significant degradation to any portion of the visual aural or program related data signals of the television broadcast station B No increase in width of the television broadcast channel 6 MHz is permitted Emissions outside the authorized television channel must not exceed the limitations given in 73 687 e Interference to reception of television service either of co channel or adjacent channel stations must not increase over that resulting from the transmission of programming without inserted data and C Where required system receiving or decoding devices must meet the TV interface device provisions of Part 15 Subpart H of this chapter iv No protection from interference of any kind will be afforded to reception of inserted non video data v Upon request by an authorized representative of the Commission the licensee of a TV station transmitting encoded programming must make available a receiving decoder to the Commission to carry out its regulatory responsibilities b Subscription TV technical systems The FCC may specify as part of the advance approval of the technical system for transmitting encoded subscription programming deviations from the power determination procedures operating power levels aural or video baseband signals modulation levels or other characteristics of the transmitted signal as otherwise specified in this Subpart Any decision to approve such operating deviations shall be solely at the discretion of the FCC c TV multiplex subcarrier stereophonic aural transmission standards 1 The modulating signal for the main channel shall consist of the sum of the stereophonic biphonic quadraphonic etc input signals 2 The instantaneous
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frequency of the baseband stereophonic subcarrier must at all times be within the range 15 kHz to 120 kHz Either amplitude or frequency modulation of the stereophonic subcarrier may be used 47 CFR 73 682 c 2 enhanced display page 262 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 c 3 Radio Broadcast Services 3 One or more pilot subcarriers between 16 kHz and 120 kHz may be used to switch a TV receiver between the stereophonic and monophonic reception modes or to activate a stereophonic audio indicator light and one or more subcarriers between 15 kHz and 120 kHz may be used for any other authorized purpose except that stations employing the BTSC system of stereophonic sound transmission and audio processing may transmit a pilot subcarrier at 15 734 Hz 2 Hz Other methods of multiplex subcarrier or stereophonic aural transmission systems must limit energy at 15 734 Hz 20 Hz to no more than 0 125 kHz aural carrier deviation 4 Aural baseband information above 120 kHz must be attenuated 40 dB referenced to 25 kHz main channel deviation of the aural carrier 5 For required transmitter performance all of the requirements of 73 687 b shall apply to the main channel with the transmitter in the multiplex subcarrier or stereophonic aural mode 6 For electrical performance standards of the transmitter the requirements of 73 687 b apply to the main channel 7 Multiplex subcarrier or stereophonic aural transmission systems must be capable of producing and must not exceed 25 kHz main channel deviation of the aural carrier 8 The arithmetic sum of non multiphonic baseband signals between 15 kHz and 120 kHz must not exceed 50 kHz deviation of the aural carrier 9 Total modulation of the
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aural carrier must not exceed 75 kHz d Digital broadcast television transmission standard Effective October 11 2011 transmission of digital broadcast television DTV signals shall comply with the standards for such transmissions set forth in ATSC A 52 ATSC Standard Digital Audio Compression AC 3 ATSC A 53 Parts 1 4 and 6 2007 ATSC Digital Television Standard January 3 2007 and ATSC A 53 Part 5 2010 ATSC Digital Television Standard Part 5 AC 3 Audio System Characteristic July 6 2010 except for section 6 1 2 Compression Format Constraints of A 53 Part 4 2007 MPEG 2 Video Systems Characteristics and the phrase see Table 6 2 in section 6 1 1 Table 6 1 and section 6 1 3 Table 6 3 and ATSC A 65C ATSC Program and System Information Protocol for Terrestrial Broadcast and Cable Revision C With Amendment No 1 dated May 9 2006 January 2 2006 all standards incorporated by reference see 73 8000 Although not incorporated by reference licensees may also consult ATSC A 54A Recommended Practice Guide to Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard including Corrigendum No 1 December 4 2003 Corrigendum No 1 dated December 20 2006 and ATSC A 69 Recommended Practice PSIP Implementation Guidelines for Broadcasters June 25 2002 Secs 4 5 303 48 Stat as amended 1066 1068 1082 47 U S C 154 155 303 ATSC A 54A and ATSC A 69 are available from Advanced Television Systems Committee ATSC 1750 K Street NW Suite 1200 Washington DC 20006 or at the ATSC Web site http www atsc org standards html e Transmission of commercial advertisements by television broadcast station 1 Mandatory compliance with ATSC A 85 RP Effective December 13 2012 television broadcast stations must comply with the ATSC A 85 RP incorporated by
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reference see 73 8000 insofar as it concerns the transmission of commercial advertisements 2 Commercials inserted by station A television broadcast station that installs utilizes and maintains in a commercially reasonable manner the equipment and associated software to comply with ATSC A 85 RP shall be deemed in compliance with respect to locally inserted commercials which for the purposes of this provision are commercial advertisements added to a programming stream by a 47 CFR 73 682 e 2 enhanced display page 263 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 e 2 i Radio Broadcast Services station prior to or at the time of transmission to viewers In order to be considered to have installed utilized and maintained the equipment and associated software in a commercially reasonable manner a television broadcast station must i Install maintain and utilize equipment to properly measure the loudness of the content and to ensure that the dialnorm metadata value correctly matches the loudness of the content when encoding the audio into AC 3 for transmitting the content to the consumer ii Provide records showing the consistent and ongoing use of this equipment in the regular course of business and demonstrating that the equipment has undergone commercially reasonable periodic maintenance and testing to ensure its continued proper operation iii Certify that it either has no actual knowledge of a violation of the ATSC A 85 RP or that any violation of which it has become aware has been corrected promptly upon becoming aware of such a violation and iv Certify that its own transmission equipment is not at fault for any pattern or trend of complaints 3 Embedded commercials safe harbor With respect to embedded commercials which for the purposes of this provision are those
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commercial advertisements placed into the programming stream by a third party i e programmer and passed through by the station to viewers a television broadcast station must certify that its own transmission equipment is not at fault for any pattern or trend of complaints and may demonstrate compliance with the ATSC A 85 RP through one of the following methods i Relying on a network s or other programmer s certification of compliance with the ATSC A 85 RP with respect to commercial programming provided that A The certification is widely available by Web site or other means to any television broadcast station cable operator or multichannel video programming distributor that transmits that programming and B The television broadcast station has no reason to believe that the certification is false and C The television broadcast station performs a spot check as defined in 73 682 e 3 iv A B D and E on programming in response to an enforcement inquiry concerning a pattern or trend of complaints regarding commercials contained in that programming ii If transmitting any programming that is not certified as described in 73 682 e 3 i a television broadcast station that had more than 14 000 000 in annual receipts for the calendar year 2011 must perform annual spot checks as defined in 73 682 e 3 iv A B C and E of all the non certified commercial programming it receives from a network or other programmer and perform a spot check as defined in 73 682 e 3 iv A B D and E on programming in response to an enforcement inquiry concerning a pattern or trend of complaints regarding commercials contained in that programming iii A television broadcast station that had 14 000 000 or less in annual receipts for the year
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2011 need not perform annual spot checks but must perform a spot check as defined in 73 682 e 3 iv A B D and E on programming in response to an enforcement inquiry concerning a pattern or trend of complaints regarding commercials contained in that programming 47 CFR 73 682 e 3 iii enhanced display page 264 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 e 3 iv Radio Broadcast Services iv For purposes of this section a spot check of embedded commercials requires monitoring 24 uninterrupted hours of programming with an audio loudness meter employing the measurement technique specified in the ATSC A 85 RP and reviewing the records from that monitoring to detect any commercials transmitted in violation of the ATSC A 85 RP The television broadcast station must not inform the network or programmer of the spot check prior to performing it A Spot checking must be conducted after the signal has passed through the television broadcast station s processing equipment e g at the output of a television receiver If a problem is found the television broadcast station must determine the source of the noncompliance B To be considered valid the television broadcast station must demonstrate appropriate maintenance records for the audio loudness meter C With reference to the annual safe harbor spot check in 73 682 e 3 ii 1 To be considered valid the television broadcast station must demonstrate at the time of any enforcement inquiry that appropriate spot checks had been ongoing 2 If there is no single 24 hour period in which all programmers of a given program stream are represented an annual spot check may consist of a series of loudness measurements over the course of a 7 day period
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totaling no fewer than 24 hours that measure at least one program in its entirety provided by each non certified programmer that supplies programming for that program stream 3 If annual spot checks are performed for two consecutive years without finding evidence of noncompliance with the ATSC A 85 RP no further annual spot checks are required to remain in the safe harbor for existing programming 4 Non certified program streams must be spot checked annually using the approach described in this section If annual spot checks of the program stream are performed for two consecutive years without finding evidence of noncompliance with the ATSC A 85 RP no further annual spot checks are required to remain in the safe harbor for that program stream 5 Even after the two year period for annual spot checks if a spot check shows noncompliance on a non certified program stream the station must once again perform annual spot checks of that program stream to be in the safe harbor for that programming If these renewed annual spot checks are performed for two consecutive years without finding additional evidence of noncompliance with the ATSC A 85 RP no further annual spot checks are required to remain in the safe harbor for that program stream D With reference to the spot checks in response to an enforcement inquiry pursuant to 73 682 e 3 i C 2 or 3 1 If notified of a pattern or trend of complaints the television broadcast station must perform the 24 hour spot check of the program stream at issue within 30 days or as otherwise specified by the Enforcement Bureau and 2 If the spot check reveals actual compliance the television broadcast station must notify the Commission in its response to the enforcement inquiry 47 CFR 73
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682 e 3 iv D 2 enhanced display page 265 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 e 3 iv E Radio Broadcast Services E If any spot check shows noncompliance with the ATSC A 85 RP the television station must notify the Commission and the network or programmer within 7 days direct the programmer s attention to any relevant complaints and must perform a follow up spot check within 30 days of providing such notice The station must notify the Commission and the network or programmer of the results of the follow up spot check Notice to the Federal Communications Commission must be provided to the Chief Investigations and Hearings Division Enforcement Bureau or as otherwise directed in a Letter of Inquiry to which the station is responding 1 If the follow up spot check shows compliance with the ATSC A 85 RP the station remains in the safe harbor for that program stream 2 If the follow up spot check shows noncompliance with the ATSC A 85 RP the station will not be in the safe harbor with respect to commercials contained in the program stream for which the spot check showed noncompliance until a subsequent spot check shows that the program stream is in compliance 4 Use of a real time processor A television broadcast station that installs maintains and utilizes a real time processor in a commercially reasonable manner will be deemed in compliance with the ATSC A 85 RP with regard to any commercial advertisements on which it uses such a processor so long as it also i Provides records showing the consistent and ongoing use of this equipment in the regular course of business and demonstrating that the equipment has undergone commercially reasonable
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periodic maintenance and testing to ensure its continued proper operation ii Certifies that it either has no actual knowledge of a violation of the ATSC A 85 RP or that any violation of which it has become aware has been corrected promptly upon becoming aware of such a violation and iii Certifies that its own transmission equipment is not at fault for any pattern or trend of complaints 5 Commercials locally inserted by a station s agent safe harbor With respect to commercials locally inserted which for the purposes of this provision are commercial advertisements added to a programming stream for the television broadcast station by a third party after it has been received from the programmer but prior to or at the time of transmission to viewers a station may demonstrate compliance with the ATSC A 85 RP by relying on the third party local inserter s certification of compliance with the ATSC A 85 RP provided that i The television broadcast station has no reason to believe that the certification is false ii The television broadcast station certifies that its own transmission equipment is not at fault for any pattern or trend of complaints and iii The television broadcast station performs a spot check as defined in 73 682 e 3 iv A B D and E on the programming at issue in response to an enforcement inquiry concerning a pattern or trend of complaints regarding commercials inserted by that third party 6 Instead of demonstrating compliance pursuant to paragraphs e 2 through 5 of this section a station may demonstrate compliance with paragraph e 1 of this section in response to an enforcement inquiry prompted by a pattern or trend of complaints by demonstrating actual 47 CFR 73 682 e 6 enhanced display page 266 of 580
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47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 682 f Radio Broadcast Services compliance with ATSC A 85 RP with regard to the commercial advertisements that are the subject of the inquiry and certifying that its own transmission equipment is not at fault for any such pattern or trend of complaints f Next Gen TV broadcast television transmission standard authorized 1 As an alternative to broadcasting only an ATSC 1 0 signal using the DTV transmission standard set forth in paragraph d of this section DTV licensees or permittees may choose to broadcast an ATSC 3 0 signal using the Next Gen TV transmission standard set forth in this paragraph f provided it also broadcasts a simulcast signal in ATSC 1 0 using the DTV transmission standard in 73 682 d 2 i Effective March 5 2018 transmission of Next Gen TV broadcast television ATSC 3 0 signals shall comply with the standards for such transmissions set forth in ATSC A 321 2016 System Discovery and Signaling March 23 2016 incorporated by reference see 73 8000 To the extent that virtual channels specified in the DTV transmission standard referenced in ATSC A 65C 2006 in paragraph d of this section are used in the transmission of Next Gen TV broadcasting major channel numbers shall be assigned as required by ATSC A 65C 2006 Annex B incorporated by reference see 73 8000 ii In addition such signals shall also comply with the standards set forth in ATSC A 322 2017 Physical Layer Protocol June 6 2017 incorporated by reference see 73 8000 with respect to the transmission of at least one free over the air primary video programming stream iii Paragraph f 2 ii of this section will sunset on July 17 2027 Note
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1 to 73 682 For additional information regarding this requirement see Implementation of the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation CALM Act FCC 11 182 Secs 4 5 303 48 Stat as amended 1066 1068 1082 47 U S C 154 155 303 28 FR 13660 Dec 14 1963 Editorial Note For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting 73 682 see the List of CFR Sections Affected which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www govinfo gov 73 683 Field strength contours and presumptive determination of field strength at individual locations Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7252 Feb 1 2024 47 CFR 73 683 enhanced display page 267 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 683 a Radio Broadcast Services a In the authorization of TV stations two field strength contours are considered These are specified as Grade A and Grade B and indicate the approximate extent of coverage over average terrain in the absence of interference from other television stations Under actual conditions the true coverage may vary greatly from these estimates because the terrain over any specific path is expected to be different from the average terrain on which the field strength charts were based The required field strength F 50 50 in dB above one micro volt per meter dBu for the Grade A and Grade B contours are as follows Grade A dBu Grade B dBu Channels 2 6 68 47 Channels 7 13 71 56 Channels 14 69 74 64 b It should be realized that the F 50 50 curves when used for Channels 14 69 are not based on measured data at distances beyond about 48 3 kilometers 30 miles Theory would indicate that the field strengths for
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Channels 14 69 should decrease more rapidly with distance beyond the horizon than for Channels 2 6 and modification of the curves for Channels 14 69 may be expected as a result of measurements to be made at a later date For these reasons the curves should be used with appreciation of their limitations in estimating levels of field strength Further the actual extent of service will usually be less than indicated by these estimates due to interference from other stations Because of these factors the predicted field strength contours give no assurance of service to any specific percentage of receiver locations within the distances indicated In licensing proceedings these variations will not be considered c The field strength contours will be considered for the following purposes only 1 In the estimation of coverage resulting from the selection of a particular transmitter site by an applicant for a TV station 2 In connection with problems of coverage arising out of application of 73 3555 3 In determining compliance with 73 685 a concerning the minimum field strength to be provided over the principal community to be served d For purposes of determining the eligibility of individual households for satellite retransmission of distant network signals under the copyright law provisions of 17 U S C 119 d 10 A field strength shall be determined by the Individual Location Longley Rice ILLR propagation prediction model Such eligibility determinations shall consider only the signals of network stations located in the subscriber s Designated Market Area Guidance for use of the ILLR model in predicting the field strength of analog television signals for such determinations is provided in OET Bulletin No 72 stations operating with analog signals include some Class A stations licensed under part 73 of this chapter and some licensed low power
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TV and TV translator stations that operate under part 74 of this chapter Guidance for use of the ILLR model in predicting the field strength of digital television signals for such determinations is provided in OET Bulletin No 73 stations operating with digital signals include all full service stations and some Class A stations that operate under part 73 of this chapter and some low power TV and TV translator stations that operate under Part 74 of this chapter OET Bulletin No 72 and OET Bulletin No 73 are available through the Federal Communications Commission s Reference Information Center or at the FCC s Office of Engineering and Technology OET website https www fcc gov oet info documents bulletins e If a location was predicted to be unserved by a local network station using a version of the ILLR model specified in OET Bulletin No 72 or OET Bulletin No 73 as appropriate and the satellite subscriber at that location is receiving a distant signal affiliated with the same network from its satellite provider the 47 CFR 73 683 e enhanced display page 268 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 683 f Radio Broadcast Services satellite subscriber shall remain eligible for receiving the distant signal from its satellite provider if that location is subsequently predicted to be served by the local station due to either a change in the ILLR model or a change in the station s operations that change its coverage f A satellite carrier is exempt from the verification requirements of 47 U S C 339 c 4 A with respect to a test requested by a satellite subscriber to whom the retransmission of the signals of local broadcast stations is available under 47 U S
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C 338 from such carrier The definitions of satellite carrier subscriber and local market contained in 47 CFR 76 66 a apply to this paragraph f 44 FR 36039 June 20 1979 as amended at 47 FR 35990 Aug 18 1982 50 FR 23699 June 5 1985 50 FR 32416 Aug 12 1985 65 FR 36641 June 9 2000 70 FR 21670 Apr 27 2005 75 FR 80363 Dec 22 2010 85 FR 64408 Oct 13 2020 88 FR 21446 Apr 10 2023 73 684 Prediction of coverage Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 a All predictions of coverage made pursuant to this section shall be made without regard to interference and shall be made only on the basis of estimated field strengths The peak power of the visual signal is used in making predictions of coverage b Predictions of coverage shall be made only for the same purposes as relate to the use of field strength contours as specified in 73 683 c c In predicting the distance to the field strength contours the F 50 50 field strength charts Figures 9 and 10 of 73 699 shall be used If the 50 field strength is defined as that value exceeded for 50 of the time these F 50 50 charts give the estimated 50 field strengths exceeded at 50 of the locations in dB above 1 uV m The charts are based on an effective power of 1 kW radiated form a half wave dipole in free space which produces an unattenuated field strength at 1 61 kilometers 1 mile of about 103 dB above 1 uV m To use the charts to predict the distance to a given contour the following procedure is used Convert the effective radiated power in kilowatts
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for the appropriate azimuth into decibel value referenced to 1 kW dBu If necessary convert the selected contour to the decibel value dBu above 1 microvolt per meter 1 uV m Subtract the power value in dBk from the contour value in dBu Note that for power less than 1 kW the difference value will be greater than the contour value because the power in dBk is negative Locate the difference value obtained on the vertical scale at the left edge of the chart Follow the horizontal line for that value into the chart to the point of intersection with the vertical line above the height of the antenna above average terrain for the appropriate azimuth located on the scale at the bottom of the chart If the point of intersection does not fall exactly on a distance curve interpolate between the distance curves below and above the intersection point The distance values for the curves are located along the right edge of the chart 1 In predicting the distance to the Grade A and Grade B field strength contours the effective radiated power to be used is that radiated at the vertical angle corresponding to the depression angle between the transmitting antenna center of radiation and the radio horizon as determined individually for each azimuthal direction concerned The depression angle is based on the difference in elevation of the antenna center of radiation above the average terrain and the radio horizon assuming a smooth sperical earth with a radius of 8 495 5 kilometers 5 280 miles and shall be determined by the following equation A 0 0277 H 47 CFR 73 684 c 1 enhanced display page 269 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 684 c 2
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Radio Broadcast Services Where A is the depression angle in degrees H is the height in meters of the transmitting antenna radiation center above average terrain of the 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 miles sector of the pertinent radial This formula is empirically derived for the limited purpose specified here Its use for any other purpose may be inappropriate 2 In case where the relative field strength at the depression angle determined by the above formula is 90 or more of the maximum field strength developed in the vertical plane containing the pertaining radial the maximum radiation shall be used 3 In predicting field strengths for other than the Grade A and Grade B contours the effective radiated power to be used is to be based on the appropriate antenna vertical plane radiation pattern for the azimuthal direction concerned 4 Applicants for new TV stations or changes in the facilities of existing TV stations must submit to the FCC a showing as to the location of their stations or proposed stations predicted Grade A and Grade B contours determined in accordance with 73 684 This showing is to include maps showing these contours except where applicants have previously submitted material to the FCC containing such information and it is found upon careful examination that the contour locations indicated therein would not change on any radial when the locations are determined under this Section In the latter cases a statement by a qualified engineer to this effect will satisfy this requirement and no contour maps need be submitted d The antenna height to be used with these charts is the height of the radiation center of the antenna above the average terrain along the radial in question In determining the average elevation of the terrain the elevations between 3
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2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 miles from the antenna site are employed Profile graphs shall be drawn for 8 radials beginning at the antenna site and extending 16 1 kilometers 10 miles therefrom The radials should be drawn for each 45 degrees of azimuth starting with the True North At least one radial must include the principal community to be served even though such community may be more than 16 1 kilometers 10 miles from the antenna site However in the event none of the evenly spaced radials include the principal community to be served and one or more such radials are drawn in addition to the 8 evenly spaced radials such additional radials shall not be employed in computing the antenna height above average terrain Where the 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of a radial extends in whole or in part over large bodies of water as specified in paragraph e of this section or extends over foreign territory but the Grade B strength contour encompasses land area within the United States beyond the 16 1 kilometers 10 mile portion of the radial the entire 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of the radial shall be included in the computation of antenna height above average terrian However where the Grade B contour does not so encompass United States land area and 1 the entire 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of the radial extends over large bodies of water of foreign territory such radial shall be completely omitted from the computation of antenna height above average terrain and 2 where a part of the 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 mile portion of a radial extends over large bodies of water or over foreign territory only that
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part of the radial extending from the 3 2 kilometer 2 mile sector to the outermost portion of land area within the United States covered by the radial shall be 47 CFR 73 684 d 2 enhanced display page 270 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 684 e Radio Broadcast Services employed in the computation of antenna height above average terrian The profile graph for each radial should be plotted by contour intervals of from 12 2 30 5 meters 40 100 feet and where the data permits at least 50 points of elevation generally uniformly spaced should be used for each radial In instances of very rugged terrain where the use of contour intervals of 30 5 meters 100 feet would result in several points in a short distance 61 0 122 0 meter 200 400 foot contour intervals may be used for such distances On the other hand where the terrain is uniform or gently sloping the smallest contour interval indicated on the topograhic may see paragraph g of this section should be used although only relatively few points may be available The profile graphs should indicate the topography accurately for each radial and the graphs should be plotted with the distance in kilometers as the abscissa and the elevation in meters above mean sea level as the ordinate The profile graphs should indicate the source of the topographical data employed The graph should also show the elevation of the center of the radiating system The graph may be plotted either on rectangular coordinate paper or on special paper which shows the curvature of the earth It is not necessary to take the curvature of the earth into consideration in this procedure as this factor is taken
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care of in the charts showing signal strengths The average elevation of the 12 9 kilometer 8 miles distance between 3 2 16 1 kilometers 2 10 miles from the antenna site should then be determined from the profile graph for each radial This may be obtained by averaging a large number of equally spaced points by using a planimeter or by obtaining the median elevation that exceeded for 50 of the distance in sectors and averaging those values Note The Commission will upon a proper showing by an existing station that the application of this rule will result in an unreasonable power reduction in relation to other stations in close proximity consider requests for adjustment in power on the basis of a common average terrain figure for the stations in question as determined by the FCC e In instance where it is desired to determine the area in square kilometers within the Grade A and Grade B field strength contours the area may be determined from the coverage map by planimeter or other approximate means in computing such areas exclued 1 areas beyond the borders of the United States and 2 large bodies of water such as ocean areas gulfs sounds bays large lakes etc but not rivers f In cases where terrain in one or more directions from the antenna site departs widely from the average elevation of the 3 2 to 16 1 kilometers 2 to 10 mile sector the prediction method may indicate contour distances that are different from what may be expected in practice For example a mountain ridge may indicate the practical limit of service although the prediction method may indicate otherwise In such case the prediction method should be followed but a supplemental showing may be made concerning the contour distances as determined
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by other means Such supplemental showing should describe the procedure employed and should include sample calculations Maps of predicted coverage should include both the coverage as predicted by the regular method and as predicted by a supplemental method When measurements of area are required these should include the area obtained by the regular predicted method and the area obtained by the supplemental method In directions where the terrain is such that negative antenna heights or heights below 30 5 meters 100 feet for the 3 2 to 16 1 kilometers 2 to 10 mile sector are obtained an assumed height of 30 5 meters 100 feet shall be used for the prediction of coverage However where the actual contour distances are critical factors a supplemental showing of 47 CFR 73 684 f enhanced display page 271 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 684 g Radio Broadcast Services expected coverage must be included together with a description of the method employed in predicting such coverage In special cases the Commission may require additional information as to terrain and coverage g In the preparation of the profile graph previously described and in determining the location and height above sea level of the antenna site the elevation or contour intervals shall be taken from the United States Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle Maps United States Army Corps of Engineers maps or Tennessee Valley Authority maps whichever is the latest for all areas for which such maps are available If such maps are not published for the area in question the next best topographic information should be used Topographic data may sometimes be obtained from State and Municipal agencies Data from Sectional Aeronautical Charts including bench marks or railroad depot elevations and highway elevations
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from road maps may be used where no better information is available In cases where limited topographic data is available use may be made of an altimeter in a car driven along roads extending generally radially from the transmitter site Ordinarily the Commission will not require the submission of topographical maps for areas beyond 24 1 kilometers 15 miles from the antenna site but the maps must include the principal community to be served If it appears necessary additional data may be requested United States Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle Maps may be obtained from the United States Geological Survey Department of the Interior Washington DC 20240 Sectional Aeronautical Charts are available from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Department of Commerce Washington DC 20235 In lieu of maps the average terrain elevation may be computer generated except in the cases of dispute using elevations from a 30 second point or better topographic data file The file must be identified and the data processed for intermediate points along each radial using linear interpolation techniques The height above mean sea level of the antenna site must be obtained manually using appropriate topographic maps h The effect of terrain roughness on the predicted field strength of a signal at points distant from a television broadcast station is assumed to depend on the magnitude of a terrain roughness factor Δ h which for a specific propagation path is determined by the characteristics of a segment of the terrain profile for that path 40 2 kilometers 25 miles in length located between 9 7 and 49 9 kilometers 6 and 31 miles from the transmitter The terrain roughness factor has a value equal to the difference in meters between elevations exceeded by all points on the profile for 10 percent and 90 percent respectively
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of the length of the profile segment see 73 699 Fig 10d i If the lowest field strength value of interest is initially predicted to occur over a particular propagation path at a distance which is less than 49 9 kilometers 31 miles from the transmitter the terrain profile segment used in the determination of the terrain roughness factor over that path shall be that included between points 9 7 kilometers 6 miles from the transmitter and such lesser distance No terrain roughness correction need be applied when all field strength values of interest are predicted to occur 9 7 kilometers 6 miles or less from the transmitter j Profile segments prepared for terrain roughness factor determinations should be plotted in rectangular coordinates with no less than 50 points evenly spaced within the segment using data obtained from topographic maps if available with contour intervals of 15 2 meters 50 feet or less k The field strength charts 73 699 Figs 9 10c were developed assuming a terrain roughness factor of 50 meters which is considered to be representative of average terrain in the United States Where the roughness factor for a particular propagation path is found to depart appreciably from this value a terrain roughness correction ΔF should be applied to field strength values along this path as predicted with the 47 CFR 73 684 k enhanced display page 272 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 684 l Radio Broadcast Services use of these charts The magnitude and sign of this correction for any value of Δh may be determined from a chart included in 73 699 as Figure 10e with linear interpolation as necessary for the frequency of the UHF signal under consideration l Alternatively the terrain
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roughness correction may be computed using the following formula ΔF C 0 03 Δh 1 f 300 Where ΔF terrain roughness correction in dB C a constant having a specific value for use with each set of field strength charts 1 9 for TV Channels 2 6 2 5 for TV Channels 7 13 4 8 for TV Channels 14 69 Δh terrain roughness factor in meters f frequency of signal in megahertz MHz 28 FR 13660 Dec 13 1963 as amended at 40 FR 27683 July 1 1975 44 FR 36039 June 20 1979 48 FR 44807 Sept 30 1983 50 FR 23699 June 5 1985 51 FR 26251 July 22 1986 52 FR 36879 Oct 1 1987 Effective Date Note At 42 FR 25736 May 19 1977 in 73 684 paragraphs k and l were stayed indefinitely 73 685 Transmitter location and antenna system Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 a The transmitter location shall be chosen so that on the basis of the effective radiated power and antenna height above average terrain employed the following minimum field strength in dB above one uV m will be provided over the entire principal community to be served Channels 2 6 Channels 7 13 Channels 14 69 74 dBu 77 dBu 80 dBu b Location of the antenna at a point of high elevation is necessary to reduce to a minimum the shadow effect on propagation due to hills and buildings which may reduce materially the strength of the station s signals In general the transmitting antenna of a station should be located at the most central point at the highest elevation available To provide the best degree of service to an area it is usually preferable to use a high antenna rather than
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a low antenna with increased transmitter power The location should be so chosen that line of sight can be obtained from the antenna over the principal community to be served in no event should there be a major obstruction in this path The antenna must be constructed so that it is 47 CFR 73 685 b enhanced display page 273 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 685 c Radio Broadcast Services as clear as possible of surrounding buildings or objects that would cause shadow problems It is recognized that topography shape of the desired service area and population distribution may make the choice of a transmitter location difficult In such cases consideration may be given to the use of a directional antenna system although it is generally preferable to choose a site where a nondirectional antenna may be employed c In cases of questionable antenna locations it is desirable to conduct propagation tests to indicate the field strength expected in the principal community to be served and in other areas particularly where severe shadow problems may be expected In considering applications proposing the use of such locations the Commission may require site tests to be made Such tests should be made in accordance with the measurement procedure in 73 686 and full data thereon must be supplied to the Commission Test transmitters should employ an antenna having a height as close as possible to the proposed antenna height using a balloon or other support if necessary and feasible Information concerning the authorization of site tests may be obtained from the Commission upon request d Present information is not sufficiently complete to establish blanket areas of television broadcast stations A blanket area is that area adjacent to a transmitter in
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which the reception of other stations is subject to interference due to the strong signal from this station The authorization of station construction in areas where blanketing is found to be excessive will be on the basis that the applicant will assume full responsibility for the adjustment of reasonable complaints arising from excessively strong signals of the applicant s station or take other corrective action e An antenna designed or altered to produce a noncircular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is considered to be a directional antenna Antennas purposely installed in such a manner as to result in the mechanical beam tilting of the major vertical radiation lobe are included in this category Directional antennas may be employed for the purpose of improving service upon an appropriate showing of need Stations operating on Channels 2 13 will not be permitted to employ a directional antenna having a ratio of maximum to minimum radiation in the horizontal plane in excess of 10 dB Stations operating on Channels 14 69 with transmitters delivering a peak visual power output of more than 1 kW may employ directive transmitting antennas with a maximum to minimum radiation in the horizontal plane of not more than 15 dB Stations operating on Channels 14 69 and employing transmitters delivering a peak visual power output of 1 kW or less are not limited as to the ratio of maximum to minimum radiation f Applications proposing the use of directional antenna systems must be accompanied by the following 1 Complete description of the proposed antenna system including the manufacturer and model number of the proposed directional antenna 2 Relative field horizontal plane pattern horizontal polarization only of the proposed directional antenna A value of 1 0 should be used for the maximum radiation The plot of the pattern
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should be oriented so that 0 corresponds to true North Where mechanical beam tilt is intended the amount of tilt in degrees of the antenna vertical axis and the orientation of the downward tilt with respect to true North must be specified and the horizontal plane pattern must reflect the use of mechanical beam tilt 3 A tabulation of the relative field pattern required in paragraph b 2 of this section The tabulation should use the same zero degree reference as the plotted pattern and be tabulated at least every 10 In addition tabulated values of all maxima and minima with their corresponding azimuths should be submitted 47 CFR 73 685 f 3 enhanced display page 274 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 685 f 4 Radio Broadcast Services 4 Horizontal and vertical plane radiation patterns showing the effective radiated power in dBk for each direction Sufficient vertical plane patterns must be included to indicate clearly the radiation characteristics of the antenna above and below the horizontal plane In cases where the angles at which the maximum vertical radiation varies with azimuth a separate vertical radiation pattern must be provided for each pertinent radial direction 5 All horizontal plane patterns must be plotted to the largest scale possible on unglazed letter size polar coordinate paper main engraving approximately 18 cm 25 cm 7 inches 10 inches using only scale divisions and subdivisions of 1 2 2 5 or 5 times 10 nth All vertical plane patterns must be plotted on unglazed letter size rectangular coordinate paper Values of field strength on any pattern less than 10 of the maximum field strength plotted on that pattern must be shown on an enlarged scale 6 The horizontal and vertical plane patterns
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that are required are the patterns for the complete directional antenna system In the case of a composite antenna composed of two or more individual antennas this means that the patterns for the composite antenna not the patterns for each of the individual antennas must be submitted g Applications proposing the use of television broadcast antennas within 61 0 meters 200 feet of other television broadcast antennas operating on a channel within 20 percent in frequency of the proposed channel or proposing the use of television broadcast antennas on Channels 5 or 6 within 61 0 meters 200 feet of FM broadcast antennas must include a showing as to the expected effect if any of such proximate operation h Where the TV licensee or permittee proposes to mount its antenna on or near an AM tower as defined in 1 30002 the TV licensee or permittee must comply with 1 30003 or 1 30002 Secs 4 5 303 48 Stat as amended 1066 1068 1082 47 U S C 154 155 303 28 FR 13660 Dec 14 1963 as amended at 35 FR 5693 Apr 8 1970 40 FR 25461 June 16 1975 43 FR 53740 Nov 17 1978 44 FR 22740 Apr 17 1979 45 FR 26065 Apr 17 1980 47 FR 35990 Aug 18 1982 48 FR 21486 May 12 1983 50 FR 23701 June 5 1985 58 FR 44951 Aug 25 1993 62 FR 51059 Sept 30 1997 78 FR 66298 Nov 5 2013 73 686 Field strength measurements Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 a Except as provided for in 73 612 television broadcast stations shall not be protected from any type of interference or propagation effect Persons desiring to submit testimony evidence or data to the Commission for the
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purpose of showing that the technical standards contained in this subpart do not properly reflect the levels of any given type of interference or propagation effect may do so only in appropriate rulemaking proceedings concerning the amendment of such technical standards Persons making field strength measurements for formal submission to the Commission in rulemaking proceedings or making such measurements upon the request of the Commission shall follow the procedure for making and reporting such measurements outlined in paragraph b of this section In instances where a showing of the measured level of a signal prevailing over a specific community is appropriate the procedure for making and reporting field strength measurements for this purpose is set forth in paragraph c of this section b Collection of field strength data for propagation analysis 47 CFR 73 686 b enhanced display page 275 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 686 b 1 Radio Broadcast Services 1 Preparation for measurements i On large scale topographic maps eight or more radials are drawn from the transmitter location to the maximum distance at which measurements are to be made with the angles included between adjacent radials of approximately equal size Radials should be oriented so as to traverse representative types of terrain The specific number of radials and their orientation should be such as to accomplish this objective ii At a point exactly 16 1 kilometers 10 miles from the transmitter each radial is marked and at greater distances at successive 3 2 kilometer 2 mile intervals Where measurements are to be conducted at UHF or over extremely rugged terrain shorter intervals may be employed but all such intervals shall be of equal length Accessible roads intersecting each radial as nearly as possible at each
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3 2 kilometer 2 mile marker are selected These intersections are the points on the radial at which measurements are to be made and are referred to subsequently as measuring locations The elevation of each measuring location should approach the elevation at the corresponding 3 2 kilometer 2 mile marker as nearly as possible 2 Measurement procedure The field strength of the visual carrier shall be measured with a voltmeter capable of indicating accurately the peak amplitude of the synchronizing signal All measurements shall be made utilizing a receiving antenna designed for reception of the horizontally polarized signal component elevated 9 1 meters 30 feet above the roadbed At each measuring location the following procedure shall be employed i The instrument calibration is checked ii The antenna is elevated to a height of 30 feet iii The receiving antenna is rotated to determine if the strongest signal is arriving from the direction of the transmitter iv The antenna is oriented so that the sector of its response pattern over which maximum gain is realized is in the direction of the transmitter v A mobile run of at least 30 5 meters 100 feet is made which is centered on the intersection of the radial and the road and the measured field strength is continuously recorded on a chart recorder over the length of the run vi The actual measuring location is marked exactly on the topographic map and a written record keyed to the specific location is made of all factors which may affect the recorded field such as topography height and types of vegetation buildings obstacles weather and other local features vii If during the test conducted as described in paragraph b 2 iii of this section the strongest signal is found to come from a direction other than
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from the transmitter after the mobile run prescribed in paragraph b 2 v of this section is concluded additional measurements shall be made in a cluster of at least five fixed points At each such point the field strengths with the antenna oriented toward the transmitter and with the antenna oriented so as to receive the strongest field are measured and recorded Generally all points should be within 61 0 meters 200 feet of the center point of the mobile run 47 CFR 73 686 b 2 vii enhanced display page 276 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 686 b 2 viii Radio Broadcast Services viii If overhead obstacles preclude a mobile run of at leat 30 5 meters 100 feet a cluster of five spot measurements may be made in lieu of this run The first measurement in the cluster is identified Generally the locations for other measurements shall be within 61 0 meters 200 feet of the location of the first 3 Method of reporting measurements A report of measurements to the Commission shall be submitted in affidavit form in triplicate and should contain the following information i Tables of field strength measurements which for each measuring location set forth the following data A Distance from the transmitting antenna B Ground elevation at measuring location C Date time of day and weather D Median field in dBu for 0 dBk for mobile run or for cluster as well as maximum and minimum measured field strengths E Notes describing each measuring location ii U S Geological Survey topographic maps on which is shown the exact location at which each measurement was made The original plots shall be made on maps of the largest available scale Copies may be
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reduced in size for convenient submission to the Commission but not to the extent that important detail is lost The original maps shall be made available if requested If a large number of maps is involved an index map should be submitted iii All information necessary to determine the pertinent characteristics of the transmitting installation including frequency geographical coordinates of antenna site rated and actual power output of transmitter measured transmission line loss antenna power gain height of antenna above ground above mean sea level and above average terrain The effective radiated power should be computed and horizontal and vertical plane patterns of the transmitting antenna should be submitted iv A list of calibrated equipment used in the field strength survey which for each instrument specifies its manufacturer type serial number and rated accuracy and the date of its most recent calibration by the manufacturer or by a laboratory Complete details of any instrument not of standard manufacture shall be submitted v A detailed description of the calibration of the measuring equipment including field strength meters measuring antenna and connecting cable vi Terrain profiles in each direction in which measurements were made drawn on curved earth paper for equivalent 4 3 earth radius of the largest available scale c Collection of field strength data to determine television service in specific communities 1 Preparation for measurement i The population P of the community and its suburbs if any is determined by reference to an appropriate source e g the 1970 U S Census tables of population of cities and urbanized areas 47 CFR 73 686 c 1 i enhanced display page 277 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 686 c 1 ii Radio Broadcast Services ii The number of locations
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at which measurements are to be made shall be at least 15 and shall be approximately equal to 0 1 P 1 2 if this product is a number greater than 15 iii A rectangular grid of such size and shape as to encompass the boundaries of the community is drawn on an accurate map of the community The number of line intersections on the grid included within the boundaries of the community shall be at least equal to the required number of measuring locations The position of each intersection on the community map determines the location at which a measurement shall be made 2 Measurement procedure The field strength of the visual carrier shall be measured with a voltmeter capable of indicating accurately the peak amplitude of the synchronizing signal All measurements shall be made utilizing a receiving antenna designed for reception of the horizontally polarized signal component elevated 9 1 meter 30 feet above street level i Each measuring location shall be chosen as close as feasible to a point indicated on the map as previously prepared and at as nearly the same elevation as that point as possible ii At each measuring location after equipment calibration and elevation of the antenna a check is made to determine whether the strongest signal arrives from a direction other than from the transmitter iii At 20 percent or more of the measuring locations mobile runs as described in paragraph b 2 of this section shall be made with no less than three such mobile runs in any case The points at which mobile measurements are made shall be well separated Spot measurements may be made at other measuring points iv Each actual measuring location is marked exactly on the map of the community and suitably keyed A written record shall
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be maintained describing for each location factors which may affect the recorded field such as the approximate time of measurement weather topography overhead wiring heights and types of vegetation buildings and other structures The orientation with respect to the measuring location shall be indicated of objects of such shape and size as to be capable of causing shadows or reflections If the strongest signal received was found to arrive from a direction other than that of the transmitter this fact shall be recorded 3 Method of reporting measurements A report of measurements to the Commission shall be submitted in affidavit form in triplicate and should contain the following information i A map of the community showing each actual measuring location specifically identifying the points at which mobile runs were made ii A table keyed to the above map showing the field strength at each measuring point reduced to dBu for the actual effective radiated power of the station Weather date and time of each measurement shall be indicated iii Notes describing each measuring location iv A topographic map of the largest available scale on which are marked the community and the transmitter site of the station whose signals have been measured which includes all areas on or near the direct path of signal propagation v Computations of the mean and standard deviation of all measured field strengths or a graph on which the distribution of measured field strength values is plotted 47 CFR 73 686 c 3 v enhanced display page 278 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 686 c 3 vi Radio Broadcast Services vi A list of calibrated equipment used for the measurements which for each instrument specifies its manufacturer type serial number and rated accuracy and
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the date of its most recent calibration by the manufacturer or by a laboratory Complete details of any instrument not of standard manufacture shall be submitted vii A detailed description of the procedure employed in the calibration of the measuring equipment including field strength meters measuring antenna and connecting cable d NTSC Collection of field strength data to determine NTSC television signal intensity at an individual location cluster measurements 1 Preparation for measurements i Testing antenna The test antenna shall be either a standard half wave dipole tuned to the visual carrier frequency of the channel being measured or a gain antenna provided its antenna factor for the channel s under test has been determined Use the antenna factor supplied by the antenna manufacturer as determined on an antenna range ii Testing locations At the location choose a minimum of five locations as close as possible to the specific site where the site s receiving antenna is located If there is no receiving antenna at the site choose the minimum of five locations as close as possible to a reasonable and likely spot for the antenna The locations shall be at least three meters apart enough so that the testing is practical If possible the first testing point should be chosen as the center point of a square whose corners are the four other locations Calculate the median of the five measurements in units of dBu and report it as the measurement result iii Multiple signals If more than one signal is being measured i e signals from different transmitters use the same locations to measure each signal 2 Measurement procedure Measurements shall be made in accordance with good engineering practice and in accordance with this section of the Rules At each measuring location the following procedure shall be employed
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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i Testing equipment Measure the field strength of the visual carrier with a calibrated instrument with an i f bandwidth of at least 200 kHz but no greater than one megahertz 1 000 kHz Perform an on site calibration of the instrument in accordance with the manufacturer s specifications The instrument must accurately indicate the peak amplitude of the synchronizing signal Take all measurements with a horizontally polarized antenna Use a shielded transmission line between the testing antenna and the field strength meter Match the antenna impedance to the transmission line at all frequencies measured and if using an unbalanced line employ a suitable balun Take account of the transmission line loss for each frequency being measured ii Weather Do not take measurements in inclement weather or when major weather fronts are moving through the measurement area iii Antenna elevation When field strength is being measured for a one story building elevate the testing antenna to 6 1 meters 20 feet above the ground In situations where the field strength is being measured for a building taller than one story elevate the testing antenna 9 1 meters 30 feet above the ground 47 CFR 73 686 d 2 iii enhanced display page 279 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 686 d 2 iv Radio Broadcast Services iv Antenna orientation Orient the testing antenna in the direction which maximizes the value of field strength for the signal being measured If more than one station s signal is being measured orient the testing antenna separately for each station 3 Written record shall be made and shall include at least the following i A list of calibrated equipment used in the field strength survey which for each instrument specifies the manufacturer type
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serial number and rated accuracy and the date of the most recent calibration by the manufacturer or by a laboratory Include complete details of any instrument not of standard manufacture ii A detailed description of the calibration of the measuring equipment including field strength meters measuring antenna and connecting cable iii For each spot at the measuring site all factors which may affect the recorded field such as topography height and types of vegetation buildings obstacles weather and other local features iv A description of where the cluster measurements were made v Time and date of the measurements and signature of the person making the measurements vi For each channel being measured a list of the measured value of field strength in units of dBu and after adjustment for line loss and antenna factor of the five readings made during the cluster measurement process with the median value highlighted e DTV Collection of field strength data to determine digital television signal intensity at an individual location cluster measurements 1 Preparation for measurements i Testing antenna The test antenna shall be either a standard half wave dipole tuned to the center frequency of the channel being tested or a gain antenna provided its antenna factor for the channel s under test has been determined Use the antenna factor supplied by the antenna manufacturer as determined on an antenna range ii Testing locations At the test site choose a minimum of five locations as close as possible to the specific site where the site s receiving antenna is located If there is no receiving antenna at the site choose a minimum of five locations as close as possible to a reasonable and likely spot for the antenna The locations shall be at least three meters apart enough so that the testing is
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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practical If possible the first testing point should be chosen as the center point of a square whose corners are the four other locations Calculate the median of the five measurements in units of dBµ and report it as the measurement iii Multiple signals A If more than one signal is being measured i e signals from different transmitters use the same locations to measure each signal B For establishing eligibility of a satellite subscriber to receive distant network signals only stations affiliated with the network in question that are located in the same Nielsen Designated Market Area DMA as the test site may be considered and tested 47 CFR 73 686 e 1 iii B enhanced display page 280 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 686 e 2 Radio Broadcast Services 2 Measurement procedure Measurements shall be made in accordance with good engineering practice and in accordance with this section of this chapter At each measuring location the following procedure shall be employed i Testing equipment Perform an on site calibration of the test instrument in accordance with the manufacturer s specifications Tune a calibrated instrument to the center of the channel being tested Measure the integrated average power over the full 6 megahertz bandwidth of the television signal The intermediate frequency of the instrument should be set to 100 kilohertz unless the instrument is specifically designed by the manufacturer to use an alternative i f setting The instrument must be capable of integrating over the selected i f for the 6 megahertz channel bandwidth Take all measurements with a horizontally polarized antenna Use a shielded transmission line between the testing antenna and the field strength meter Match the antenna impedance to the transmission line at all frequencies
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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measured and if using an un balanced line employ a suitable balance Take account of the transmission line loss for each frequency being measured ii Weather Do not take measurements during periods of inclement weather including but not limited to periods of heavy rainfall snowfall accumulation high windspeed or any combination thereof iii Antenna elevation When field strength is being measured for a one story building elevate the testing antenna to 6 1 meters 20 feet above the ground In situations where the field strength is being measured for a building taller than one story elevate the testing antenna 9 1 meters 30 feet above the ground iv Antenna orientation Orient the testing antenna in the direction which maximizes the value of field strength for the signal being measured If more than one station s signal is being measured orient the testing antenna separately for each station 3 Written record shall be made and shall include at least the following i A list of calibrated equipment used in the field strength survey which for each instrument specifies the manufacturer type serial number and rated accuracy and the date of the most recent calibration by the manufacturer or by a laboratory Include complete details of any instrument not of standard manufacture ii A detailed description of the calibration of the measuring equipment including field strength meters measuring antenna and connecting cable iii For each spot at the measuring site all factors which may affect the recorded field such as topography height and types of vegetation buildings obstacles weather and other local features iv A description of where the cluster measurements were made v Time and date of the measurements and signature of the person making the measurements vi For each channel being measured a list of the measured value of field
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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strength in units of dBµ after adjustment for line loss and antenna factor of the five readings made during the cluster measurement process with the median value highlighted 40 FR 27683 July 1 1975 as amended at 50 FR 23701 June 5 1985 64 FR 7127 Feb 12 1999 64 FR 73433 Dec 30 1999 75 FR 81498 Dec 28 2010 47 CFR 73 686 e 3 vi enhanced display page 281 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 687 Radio Broadcast Services 73 687 Transmission system requirements Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 a Visual transmitter 1 The field strength or voltage of the lower sideband as radiated or dissipated and measured as described in paragraph a 2 of this section shall not be greater than 20 dB for a modulating frequency of 1 25 MHz or greater and in addition for color shall not be greater than 42 dB for a modulating frequency of 3 579545 MHz the color subcarrier frequency For both monochrome and color the field strength or voltage of the upper sideband as radiated or dissipated and measured as described in paragraph a 2 of this section shall not be greater than 20 dB for a modulating frequency of 4 75 MHz or greater For stations operating on Channels 15 36 and employing a transmitter delivering maximum peak visual power output of 1 kW or less the field strength or voltage of the upper and lower sidebands as radiated or dissipated and measured as described in paragraph a 2 of this section shall depart from the visual amplitude characteristic Figure 5a of 73 699 by no more than the following amounts 2 The attenuation characteristics of a visual transmitter
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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shall be measured by application of a modulating signal to the transmitter input terminals in place of the normal composite television video signal The signal applied shall be a composite signal composed of a synchronizing signal to establish peak output voltage plus a variable frequency sine wave voltage occupying the interval between synchronizing pulses The synchronizing signal referred to in this section means either a standard synchronizing wave form or any pulse that will properly set the peak The axis of the sine wave in the composite signal observed in the output monitor shall be maintained at an amplitude 0 5 of the voltage at synchronizing peaks The amplitude of the sine wave input shall be held at a constant value This constant value should be such that at no modulating frequency does the maximum excursion of the sine wave observed in the composite output signal monitor exceed the value 0 75 of peak output voltage The amplitude of the 200 kHz sideband shall be measured and designated zero dB as a basis for comparison The modulation signal frequency shall then be varied over the desired range and the field strength or signal voltage of the corresponding sidebands measured As an alternate method of measuring in those cases in which the automatic d c insertion can be replaced by manual control the above characteristic may be taken by the use of a video sweep generator and without the use of pedestal synchronizing pulses The d c level shall be set for midcharacteristic operation 3 A sine wave introduced at those terminals of the transmitter which are normally fed the composite color picture signal shall produce a radiated signal having an envelope delay relative to the average envelope delay between 0 05 and 0 20 MHz of zero microseconds up to
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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a frequency of 3 0 MHz and then linearly decreasing to 4 18 MHz so as to be equal to 0 17 µsecs at 3 58 MHz The tolerance on the envelope delay shall be 0 05 µsecs at 3 58 MHz The tolerance shall increase linearly to 0 1 µsec down to 2 1 MHz and remain at 0 1 µsec down to 0 2 MHz Tolerances for the interval of 0 0 to 0 2 MHz are not specified at the present time The tolerance shall also increase linearly to 0 1 µsec at 4 18 MHz 47 CFR 73 687 a 3 enhanced display page 282 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 687 a 4 Radio Broadcast Services 4 The radio frequency signal as radiated shall have an envelope as would be produced by a modulating signal in conformity with 73 682 and Figure 6 or 7 of 73 699 as modified by vestigial sideband operation specified in Figure 5 of 73 699 For stations operating on Channels 15 36 the radio frequency signal as radiated shall have an envelope as would be produced by a modulating signal in conformity with 73 682 and Figure 6 or 7 of 73 699 5 The time interval between the leading edges of successive horizontal pulses shall vary less than one half of one percent of the average interval However for color transmissions 73 682 a 5 and 6 shall be controlling 6 The rate of change of the frequency of recurrence of the leading edges of the horizontal synchronizing signals shall be not greater than 0 15 percent per second the frequency to be determined by an averaging process carried out over a period of not less than
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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20 nor more than 100 lines such lines not to include any portion of the blanking interval However for color transmissions 73 682 a 5 and 6 shall be controlling b Aural transmitter 1 Pre emphasis shall be employed as closely as practicable in accordance with the impedance frequency characteristic of a series inductance resistance network having a time constant of 75 microseconds See upper curve of Figure 12 73 699 2 If a limiting or compression amplifier is employed precaution should be maintained in its connection in the circuit due to the use of pre emphasis in the transmitting system 3 Aural modulation levels are specified in 73 1570 c Requirements applicable to both visual and aural transmitters 1 Automatic means shall be provided in the visual transmitter to maintain the carrier frequency within 1 kHz of the authorized frequency automatic means shall be provided in the aural transmitter to maintain the carrier frequency 4 5 MHz above the actual visual carrier frequency within 1 kHz 2 The transmitters shall be equipped with suitable indicating instruments for the determination of operating power and with other instruments necessary for proper adjustment operation and maintenance of the equipment 3 Adequate provision shall be made for varying the output power of the transmitters to compensate for excessive variations in line voltage or for other factors affecting the output power 4 Adequate provisions shall be provided in all component parts to avoid overheating at the rated maximum output powers d The construction installation and operation of broadcast equipment is expected to conform with all applicable local state and federally imposed safety regulations and standards enforcement of which is the responsibility of the issuing regulatory agency e Operation 1 Spurious emissions including radio frequency harmonics shall be maintained at as low a level as
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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the state of the art permits As measured at the output terminals of the transmitter including harmonic filters if required all emissions removed in frequency in excess of 3 MHz above or below the respective channel edge shall be attenuated no less than 60 dB below the visual transmitted power The 60 dB value for television transmitters specified in this rule should be considered as a 47 CFR 73 687 e 1 enhanced display page 283 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 687 e 2 Radio Broadcast Services temporary requirement which may be increased at a later date especially when more higher powered equipment is utilized Stations should therefore give consideration to the installation of equipment with greater attenuation than 60 dB In the event of interference caused to any service greater attenuation will be required 2 If a limiting or compression amplifier is used in conjunction with the aural transmitter due operating precautions should be maintained because of pre emphasis in the transmitting system 3 TV broadcast stations operating on Channel 14 must take special precautions to avoid interference to adjacent spectrum land mobile radio service facilities Where a TV station is authorized and operating prior to the authorization and operation of the land mobile facility a Channel 14 station must attenuate its emissions within the frequency range 467 to 470 MHz if necessary to permit reasonable use of the adjacent frequencies by land mobile licensees 4 The requirements listed below apply to permittees authorized to construct a new station on TV Channel 14 and to licensees authorized to change the channel of an existing station to Channel 14 to increase effective radiated power ERP including any change in directional antenna characteristics that results in an increase in
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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ERP in any direction or to change the transmitting location of an existing station i For the purposes of this paragraph e a protected land mobile facility is a receiver that is intended to receive transmissions from licensed land mobile stations within the frequency band below 470 MHz and is associated with one or more land mobile stations for which a license has been issued by the Commission or a proper application has been received by the Commission prior to the date of the filing of the TV construction permit application However a land mobile facility will not be protected if it is proposed in an application that is denied or dismissed and that action is no longer subject to Commission review Further if the land mobile station is not operating when the TV facility commences operation and it does not commence operation within the time permitted by its authorization in accordance with part 90 of this chapter it will not be protected ii A TV permittee must take steps before construction to identify potential interference to normal land mobile operation that could be caused by TV emissions outside the authorized channel land mobile receiver desensitization or intermodulation It must install filters and take other precautions as necessary and submit evidence that no interference is being caused before it will be permitted to transmit programming on the new facilities pursuant to the provisions of 73 1615 or 73 1620 of this part A TV permittee must reduce its emissions within the land mobile channel of a protected land mobile facility that is receiving interference caused by the TV emission producing a vertically polarized signal and a field strength in excess of 17 dBu at the land mobile receiver site on the land mobile frequency The TV emission should be measured
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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with equipment set to a 30 kHz measurement bandwidth including the entire applicable land mobile channel A TV permittee must correct a desensitization problem if its occurrence can be directly linked to the start of the TV operation and the land mobile station is using facilities with typical desensitization rejection characteristics A TV permittee must identify the source of an intermodulation product that is generated when the TV operation commences If the intermodulation source is under its control the TV permittee must correct the problem If the intermodulation source is beyond the TV permittee s control it must cooperate in the resolution of the problem and should provide whatever technical assistance it can Secs 4 5 303 48 Stat as amended 1066 1068 1082 47 U S C 154 155 303 47 CFR 73 687 e 4 ii enhanced display page 284 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 688 Radio Broadcast Services 28 FR 13660 Dec 14 1963 Editorial Note For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting 73 687 see the List of CFR Sections Affected which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www govinfo gov 73 688 Indicating instruments Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 a Each TV broadcast station shall be equipped with indicating instruments which conform with the specifications described in 73 1215 for measuring the operating parameters of the last radio stage of the visual transmitter and with such other instruments as are necessary for the proper adjustment operation and maintenance of the visual transmitting system b The function of each instrument shall be clearly and permanently shown on the instrument itself or on the panel immediately adjacent thereto c In the event that any
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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one of these indicating instruments becomes defective when no substitute which conforms with the required specifications is available the station may be operated without the defective instrument pending its repair or replacement for a period not in excess of 60 days without further authority of the FCC provided that 1 If the defective instrument is the transmission line meter used for determining the output power by the direct method the operating power shall be determined or maintained by the indirect method whenever possible or by using the operating parameters of the last radio stage of the transmitter during the time the station is operated without the transmission line meter 2 If conditions beyond the control of the licensee prevent the restoration of the meter to service within the above allowed period informal request in accordance with 73 3549 may be filed for such additional time as may be required to complete repairs of the defective instrument 41 FR 36818 Sept 1 1976 as amended at 48 FR 38480 Aug 24 1983 49 FR 50048 Dec 26 1984 50 FR 26568 June 27 1985 80 FR 53750 Sept 8 2015 73 691 Visual modulation monitoring Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 a Each TV station must have measuring equipment for determining that the transmitted visual signal conforms to the provisions of this subpart The licensee shall decide the monitoring and measurement methods or procedures for indicating and controlling the visual signal b In the event technical problems make it impossible to operate in accordance with the timing and carrier level tolerance requirements of 73 682 a 9 i a 9 ii a 12 a 13 and a 17 a TV broadcast station may operate at variance for a period of not more than 30 days
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corpus_data/corpus_txt/47-CFR-Part-73-_up-to-date-as-of-2-20-2024_.txt
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without specific authority from the FCC provided that the date and time of the initial out of tolerance condition has been entered in the station log If the operation at variance will exceed 10 consecutive days a notification must be sent to the FCC in Washington D C not later than the 10th day of such operation In the event normal operation is resumed prior to the end of the 30 day period the licensee must notify the FCC upon restoration of normal 47 CFR 73 691 b enhanced display page 285 of 580 47 CFR Part 73 up to date as of 2 20 2024 47 CFR 73 698 Radio Broadcast Services operation If causes beyond the control of the licensee prevent restoration of normal operation within 30 days a written request must be made to the FCC in Washington D C no later than the 30th day for such additional time as may be necessary 60 FR 55480 Nov 1 1995 73 698 Tables Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 7253 Feb 1 2024 Table I Reserved Table II 2 31 4 4 87 7 3 31 4 5 95 7 6 95 7 7 119 9 kilometers kilometers kilometers kilometers kilometers kilometers 1 Channel 19 5 54 5 miles 19 5 miles 59 5 miles 59 5 miles 74 5 miles miles If adjacent intermodulation oscillator sound image picture image beat channel 14 22 16 19 15 21 28 29 15 23 17 20 14 16 22 29 30 16 24 14 18 21 15 17 23 30 31 17 25 14 15 19 22 16 18 24 31 32 18 26 14 16 20 23 17 19 25 32 33 19 27 14 17 21 24 18 20 26 33 34 20 28 15
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