q128/random_k2/random_2.md

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About These Forms

In General.  This and the other pleading forms available from the www.uscourts.gov
website illustrate some types of information that are useful to have in complaints and
some other pleadings.  The forms do not try to cover every type of case.  They are limited
to types of cases often filed in federal courts by those who represent themselves or who
may not have much experience in federal courts.

Not Legal Advice.  No form provides legal advice.  No form substitutes for having or
consulting a lawyer.  If you are not a lawyer and are suing or have been sued, it is best to
have or consult a lawyer if possible.

No Guarantee.  Following a form does not guarantee that any pleading is legally or
factually correct or sufficient.

Variations Possible.  A form may call for more or less information than a particular
court requires.  The fact that a form asks for certain information does not mean that every
court or a particular court requires it.  And if the form does not ask for certain
information, a particular court might still require it.  Consult the rules and caselaw that
govern in the court where you are filing the pleading.

Examples Only.  The forms do not try to address or cover all the different types of
claims or defenses, or how specific facts might affect a particular claim or defense.  Some
of the forms, such as the form for a generic complaint, apply to different types of cases.
Others apply only to specific types of cases.  Be careful to use the form that fits your case
and the type of pleading you want to file.  Be careful to change the information the form
asks for to fit the facts and circumstances of your case.

No Guidance on Timing or Parties.  The forms do not give any guidance on when
certain kinds of pleadings or claims or defenses have to be raised, or who has to be sued.
Some pleadings, claims, or defenses have to be raised at a certain point in the case or
within a certain period of time.  And there are limits on who can be named as a party in a
case and when they have to be added.  Lawyers and people representing themselves must
know the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the caselaw setting out these and other
requirements.  The current Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are available, for free, at
www.uscourts.gov.

Privacy Requirements.  Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2 addresses the privacy and
security concerns over public access to electronic court files.  Under this rule, papers filed
with the court should not contain anyone’s full social-security number or full birth date;
the name of a person known to be a minor; or a complete financial-account number.  A
filing may include only the last four digits of a social-security number and taxpayer
identification number; the year of someone’s birth; a minor’s initials; and the last four
digits of a financial-account number.

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

Case No.
________________________________
(to be filled in by the Clerk’s Office)

(Write the full name of each plaintiff who is filing this complaint.
If the names of all the plaintiffs cannot fit in the space above,
please write “see attached” in the space and attach an additional
page with the full list of names.)

Jury Trial:  ☐  Yes  ☐  No

(check one)

v.

(Write the full name of each defendant who is being sued.  If the
names of all the defendants cannot fit in the space above, please
write “see attached” in the space and attach an additional page
with the full list of names.)

Complaint for a Civil Case

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

I.

The Parties to This Complaint

A.

The Plaintiff(s)

Provide the information below for each plaintiff named in the complaint.  Attach
additional pages if needed.

Name

__________________________________________

Street Address

__________________________________________

City and County

__________________________________________

State and Zip Code

__________________________________________

Telephone Number

__________________________________________

E-mail Address

__________________________________________

B.

The Defendant(s)

Provide the information below for each defendant named in the complaint, whether the
defendant is an individual, a government agency, an organization, or a corporation.
For an individual defendant, include the person’s job or title (if known).  Attach
additional pages if needed.

Defendant No. 1

Name

Job or Title
(if known)

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Street Address

__________________________________________

City and County

__________________________________________

State and Zip Code

__________________________________________

Telephone Number

__________________________________________

E-mail Address
(if known)

Defendant No. 2

Name

Job or Title
(if known)

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Street Address

__________________________________________

City and County

__________________________________________

State and Zip Code

__________________________________________

Telephone Number

__________________________________________

E-mail Address
(if known)

__________________________________________

2

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

Defendant No. 3

Name

Job or Title
(if known)

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Street Address

__________________________________________

City and County

__________________________________________

State and Zip Code

__________________________________________

Telephone Number

__________________________________________

E-mail Address
(if known)

__________________________________________

Defendant No. 4

Name

Job or Title
(if known)

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Street Address

__________________________________________

City and County

__________________________________________

State and Zip Code

__________________________________________

Telephone Number

__________________________________________

E-mail Address
(if known)

__________________________________________

II.

Basis for Jurisdiction

Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction (limited power).  Generally, only two types of
cases can be heard in federal court: cases involving a federal question and cases involving
diversity of citizenship of the parties.  Under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, a case arising under the United
States Constitution or federal laws or treaties is a federal question case.  Under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1332, a case in which a citizen of one State sues a citizen of another State or nation and the
amount at stake is more than $75,000 is a diversity of citizenship case.  In a diversity of
citizenship case, no defendant may be a citizen of the same State as any plaintiff.

What is the basis for federal court jurisdiction?  (check all that apply)

☐   Federal question

☐   Diversity of citizenship

Fill out the paragraphs in this section that apply to this case.

3

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

A.

If the Basis for Jurisdiction Is a Federal Question

List the specific federal statutes, federal treaties, and/or provisions of the United States
Constitution that are at issue in this case.

B.

If the Basis for Jurisdiction Is Diversity of Citizenship

1.

The Plaintiff(s)

a.

b.

If the plaintiff is an individual
The plaintiff, (name) _________________________________________,
is a citizen of the State of (name) _______________________.

If the plaintiff is a corporation
The plaintiff, (name) ________________________________________,
is incorporated under the laws of the State of (name)
______________________, and has its principal place of business in the
State of (name) _______________________.

(If more than one plaintiff is named in the complaint, attach an additional page
providing the same information for each additional plaintiff.)

2.

The Defendant(s)

a.

b.

If the defendant is an individual
The defendant, (name) ______________________, is a citizen of the
State of (name) _______________________.  Or is a citizen of (foreign
nation) _______________________.

If the defendant is a corporation
The defendant, (name) _______________________, is incorporated
under the laws of the State of (name) _______________________, and
has its principal place of business in the State of (name)
_______________________.  Or is incorporated under the laws of
(foreign nation) _______________________, and has its principal place
of business in (name) _______________________.

(If more than one defendant is named in the complaint, attach an additional
page providing the same information for each additional defendant.)

4

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

3.

The Amount in Controversy

The amount in controversy—the amount the plaintiff claims the defendant owes
or the amount at stake—is more than $75,000, not counting interest and costs of
court, because (explain):

III.

Statement of Claim

Write a short and plain statement of the claim.  Do not make legal arguments.  State as briefly
as possible the facts showing that each plaintiff is entitled to the damages or other relief sought.
State how each defendant was involved and what each defendant did that caused the plaintiff
harm or violated the plaintiff’s rights, including the dates and places of that involvement or
conduct.  If more than one claim is asserted, number each claim and write a short and plain
statement of each claim in a separate paragraph.  Attach additional pages if needed.

5

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

IV.  Relief

State briefly and precisely what damages or other relief the plaintiff asks the court to order.  Do
not make legal arguments.  Include any basis for claiming that the wrongs alleged are
continuing at the present time.  Include the amounts of any actual damages claimed for the acts
alleged and the basis for these amounts.  Include any punitive or exemplary damages claimed,
the amounts, and the reasons you claim you are entitled to actual or punitive money damages.

V.

Certification and Closing

Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, by signing below, I certify to the best of my
knowledge, information, and belief that this complaint: (1) is not being presented for an
improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase the cost of
litigation; (2) is supported by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for extending,
modifying, or reversing existing law; (3) the factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if
specifically so identified, will likely have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for
further investigation or discovery; and (4) the complaint otherwise complies with the
requirements of Rule 11.

A.

For Parties Without an Attorney

I agree to provide the Clerk’s Office with any changes to my address where case-
related papers may be served.  I understand that my failure to keep a current address on
file with the Clerk’s Office may result in the dismissal of my case.

Date of signing: _____________________, 20_____.

Signature of Plaintiff
___________________________________________
Printed Name of Plaintiff   ___________________________________________

6

MIED ProSe 1 (Rev 5/16)  Complaint for a Civil Case

Additional Information:

7

JS 44   (Rev. 10/20)

CIVIL COVER SHEET
The JS 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as
provided by local rules of court.  This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the
purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet.    (SEE INSTRUCTIONS ON NEXT PAGE OF THIS FORM.)
I. (a) PLAINTIFFS

County in which action arose: _______________

DEFENDANTS

(b) County of Residence of First Listed Plaintiff

(EXCEPT IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES)

County of Residence of First Listed Defendant

NOTE:

(IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES ONLY)
IN LAND CONDEMNATION CASES, USE THE LOCATION OF
THE TRACT OF LAND INVOLVED.

(c) Attorneys (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone Number)

Attorneys (If Known)

II. BASIS OF JURISDICTION (Place an “X” in One Box Only)

III. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES (Place an “X” in One Box for Plaintiff

1 U.S. Government
Plaintiff

3 Federal Question

(U.S. Government Not a Party)

Citizen of This State

PTF
1

DEF
1

(For Diversity Cases Only)

and One Box for Defendant)

PTF

Incorporated or Principal Place
of Business In This State

2 U.S. Government

Defendant

4 Diversity

Citizen of Another State

(Indicate Citizenship of Parties in Item III)

DEF
4

5

6

4

5

6

2

3

2

Incorporated and Principal Place
of Business In Another State

3

Foreign Nation

Click here for: Nature of Suit Code Descriptions.
OTHER STATUTES

BANKRUPTCY

IV. NATURE OF SUIT (Place an “X” in One Box Only)

TORTS

CONTRACT

110 Insurance
120 Marine
130 Miller Act
140 Negotiable Instrument
150 Recovery of Overpayment

PERSONAL INJURY
310 Airplane
315 Airplane Product

Liability

320 Assault, Libel &

& Enforcement of Judgment

Slander

151 Medicare Act
152 Recovery of Defaulted

Student Loans
(Excludes Veterans)
153 Recovery of Overpayment
of Veteran’s Benefits

160 Stockholders’ Suits
190 Other Contract
195 Contract Product Liability
196 Franchise

REAL PROPERTY
210 Land Condemnation
220 Foreclosure
230 Rent Lease & Ejectment
240 Torts to Land
245 Tort Product Liability
290 All Other Real Property

330 Federal Employers’

Liability

340 Marine
345 Marine Product
Liability
350 Motor Vehicle
355 Motor Vehicle

Product Liability

360 Other Personal

Injury

362 Personal Injury -

Medical Malpractice

CIVIL RIGHTS
440 Other Civil Rights
441 Voting
442 Employment
443 Housing/

Accommodations
445 Amer. w/Disabilities -

Employment

446 Amer. w/Disabilities -

Other
448 Education

Citizen or Subject of a
Foreign Country

FORFEITURE/PENALTY

625 Drug Related Seizure

of Property 21 USC 881

690 Other

PERSONAL INJURY
365 Personal Injury  -
Product Liability

367 Health Care/

Pharmaceutical
Personal Injury
Product Liability

368 Asbestos Personal
Injury Product
Liability

422 Appeal 28 USC 158
423 Withdrawal
28 USC 157

PROPERTY RIGHTS
820 Copyrights
830 Patent
835 Patent - Abbreviated

New Drug Application

840 Trademark
880 Defend Trade Secrets

PERSONAL PROPERTY

LABOR

710 Fair Labor Standards

Act of 2016

Act

720 Labor/Management

Relations

740 Railway Labor Act
751 Family and Medical

Leave Act

790 Other Labor Litigation
791 Employee Retirement
Income Security Act

IMMIGRATION

462 Naturalization Application
465 Other Immigration

Actions

SOCIAL SECURITY
861 HIA (1395ff)
862 Black Lung (923)
863 DIWC/DIWW (405(g))
864 SSID Title XVI
865 RSI (405(g))

FEDERAL TAX SUITS
870 Taxes (U.S. Plaintiff
or Defendant)
871 IRS—Third Party
26 USC 7609

370 Other Fraud
371 Truth in Lending
380 Other Personal

Property Damage
385 Property Damage
Product Liability

PRISONER PETITIONS

Habeas Corpus:
463 Alien Detainee
510 Motions to Vacate

Sentence
530 General
535 Death Penalty
Other:
540 Mandamus & Other
550 Civil Rights
555 Prison Condition
560 Civil Detainee -
Conditions of
Confinement

375 False Claims Act
376 Qui Tam (31 USC

3729(a))

400 State Reapportionment
410 Antitrust
430 Banks and Banking
450 Commerce
460 Deportation
470 Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations

480 Consumer Credit

(15 USC 1681 or 1692)

485 Telephone Consumer
Protection Act
490 Cable/Sat TV
850 Securities/Commodities/

Exchange

890 Other Statutory Actions
891 Agricultural Acts
893 Environmental Matters
895 Freedom of Information

Act
896 Arbitration
899 Administrative Procedure
Act/Review or Appeal of
Agency Decision
950 Constitutionality of
State Statutes

V. ORIGIN (Place an “X” in One Box Only)

1 Original

Proceeding

2 Removed from
State Court

3 Remanded from
Appellate Court

4 Reinstated or
Reopened

5 Transferred from
Another District
(specify)

6 Multidistrict
Litigation -
Transfer

8  Multidistrict
Litigation -
Direct File

Cite the U.S. Civil Statute under which you are filing (Do not cite jurisdictional statutes unless diversity):

VI. CAUSE OF ACTION

Brief description of cause:

VII. REQUESTED IN

COMPLAINT:
VIII. RELATED CASE(S)

IF ANY

CHECK IF THIS IS A CLASS ACTION
UNDER RULE 23, F.R.Cv.P.

DEMAND $

CHECK YES only if demanded in complaint:

JURY DEMAND:

Yes

No

(See instructions):

JUDGE

DOCKET NUMBER

DATE

SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

RECEIPT #

AMOUNT

APPLYING IFP

JUDGE

MAG. JUDGE

PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE 83.11

1.

Is this a case that has been previously dismissed?

If yes, give the following information:

Court:

Case No.:

Judge:

2.

Other than stated above, are there any pending or previously
discontinued or dismissed companion cases in this or any other
court, including state court? (Companion cases are matters in which
it appears substantially similar evidence will be offered or the same
or related parties are present and the cases arise out of the same
transaction or occurrence.)

Yes

No

Yes

No

If yes, give the following information:

Court:

Case No.:

Judge:

Notes :

JS 44 Reverse (Rev. 10/20)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATTORNEYS COMPLETING CIVIL COVER SHEET FORM JS 44

Authority For Civil Cover Sheet

The JS 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replaces nor supplements the filings and service of pleading or other papers as
required by law, except as provided by local rules of court.  This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is
required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet.  Consequently, a civil cover sheet is submitted to the Clerk of
Court for each civil complaint filed.  The attorney filing a case should complete the form as follows:

I.(a)  Plaintiffs-Defendants.  Enter names (last, first, middle initial) of plaintiff and defendant.  If the plaintiff or defendant is a government agency, use

only the full name or standard abbreviations. If the plaintiff or defendant is an official within a government agency, identify first the agency and then
the official, giving both name and title.

(b) County of Residence.  For each civil case filed, except U.S. plaintiff cases, enter the name of the county where the first listed plaintiff resides at the
time of filing. In U.S. plaintiff cases, enter the name of the county in which the first listed defendant resides at the time of filing. (NOTE: In land
condemnation cases, the county of residence of the "defendant" is the location of the tract of land involved.)

(c) Attorneys.  Enter the firm name, address, telephone number, and attorney of record.  If there are several attorneys, list them on an attachment, noting

in this section "(see attachment)".

II.

III.

IV.

V.

Jurisdiction.  The basis of jurisdiction is set forth under Rule 8(a), F.R.Cv.P., which requires that jurisdictions be shown in pleadings.  Place an "X"
in one of the boxes. If there is more than one basis of jurisdiction, precedence is given in the order shown below.
United States plaintiff.  (1) Jurisdiction based on 28 U.S.C. 1345 and 1348.  Suits by agencies and officers of the United States are included here.
United States defendant.  (2) When the plaintiff is suing the United States, its officers or agencies, place an "X" in this box.
Federal question.  (3) This refers to suits under 28 U.S.C. 1331, where jurisdiction arises under the Constitution of the United States, an amendment
to the Constitution, an act of Congress or a treaty of the United States. In cases where the U.S. is a party, the U.S. plaintiff or defendant code takes
precedence, and box 1 or 2 should be marked.
Diversity of citizenship.  (4) This refers to suits under 28 U.S.C. 1332, where parties are citizens of different states.  When Box 4 is checked, the
citizenship of the different parties must be checked.  (See Section III below; NOTE: federal question actions take precedence over diversity
cases.)

Residence (citizenship) of Principal Parties.  This section of the JS 44 is to be completed if diversity of citizenship was indicated above.  Mark this
section for each principal party.

Nature of Suit.  Place an "X" in the appropriate box.  If there are multiple nature of suit codes associated with the case, pick the nature of suit code
that is most applicable.  Click here for: Nature of Suit Code Descriptions.

Origin.  Place an "X" in one of the seven boxes.
Original Proceedings.  (1) Cases which originate in the United States district courts.
Removed from State Court.  (2) Proceedings initiated in state courts may be removed to the district courts under Title 28 U.S.C., Section 1441.
Remanded from Appellate Court.  (3) Check this box for cases remanded to the district court for further action.  Use the date of remand as the filing
date.
Reinstated or Reopened.  (4) Check this box for cases reinstated or reopened in the district court.  Use the reopening date as the filing date.
Transferred from Another District.  (5) For cases transferred under Title 28 U.S.C. Section 1404(a).  Do not use this for within district transfers or
multidistrict litigation transfers.
Multidistrict Litigation – Transfer.  (6) Check this box when a multidistrict case is transferred into the district under authority of Title 28 U.S.C.
Section 1407.
Multidistrict Litigation – Direct File.  (8) Check this box when a multidistrict case is filed in the same district as the Master MDL docket.
PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE IS NOT AN ORIGIN CODE 7.  Origin Code 7 was used for historical records and is no longer relevant due to
changes in statue.

VI.

Cause of Action.  Report the civil statute directly related to the cause of action and give a brief description of the cause.  Do not cite jurisdictional
statutes unless diversity.  Example: U.S. Civil Statute: 47 USC 553 Brief Description: Unauthorized reception of cable service.

VII. Requested in Complaint.  Class Action.  Place an "X" in this box if you are filing a class action under Rule 23, F.R.Cv.P.

Demand.  In this space enter the actual dollar amount being demanded or indicate other demand, such as a preliminary injunction.
Jury Demand.  Check the appropriate box to indicate whether or not a jury is being demanded.

VIII. Related Cases.   This section of the JS 44 is used to reference related pending cases, if any.  If there are related pending cases, insert the docket

numbers and the corresponding judge names for such cases.

Date and Attorney Signature.  Date and sign the civil cover sheet.

Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
(Rev. 10/20)

Contract
Code
110

Title
Insurance

120

Marine

130

Miller Act

140

Negotiable Instrument

150

Recovery of Overpayment & Enforcement
Judgment

151

Medicare

152

153

160

Recovery of Defaulted Student Loans
(Excludes Veterans)
Recovery of Overpayment of Veterans'
Benefits
Stockholders' Suits

190

Other Contract

195

Contract Product Liability

Actions primarily alleging personal injury
or property damage caused by a defective
product should be classified under the
appropriate nature of suit code under
“TORTS.”
Franchise

196

Description
Action alleging breach of insurance contract, tort claim, or other cause
related to an insurance contract, except for maritime insurance
contracts.
Action (Admiralty or Maritime) based on service, employment,
insurance or other contracts relating to maritime vessels and other
maritime contractual matters.
Action based on performance and payment bonds agreed to by
contractors on federal construction projects as required under the
Miller Act, 40 U.S.C. § 3131-3134.
Action relating to an agreement to pay a specific amount of money,
including promissory notes, loan agreements and checks.
Action to recover debt owed to the United States, including
enforcement of judgments, based on overpayments and restitution
agreements involving matters other than Medicare benefits, student
loans and veterans’ benefits.
Action relating to Medicare payments, including actions for payments of
benefits, to recover overpayments, and for judicial review of
administrative decisions.
Action to recover debt owed to the United States from defaulted
student loan.
Action relating to payments of veterans’ benefits, primarily including
actions to recover overpayments.
Action brought by stockholder(s) of a corporation (including both
stockholder derivative suits and direct actions based on plaintiff’s rights
as a stockholder), usually alleging claims based on contract and/or tort
law and/or fiduciary obligations.
Action primarily based on rights and obligations under a contract not
classifiable elsewhere under the specific natures of suit under
“Contract.”
Action concerning damages caused by a defective product, not primarily
involving personal injury or property damage, and based primarily on
breach of contract, breach of warranty, misrepresentation, and/or
violation of consumer protection laws.

Action arising from a dispute over a franchise agreement, typically
alleging breach of contract, misrepresentation or unfair trade practices.

Page 1 of 8

Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
(Rev. 10/20)

Real Property

Code
210

Title
Land Condemnation

220

230

240

Foreclosure

Rent Lease & Ejectment

Torts to Land

245

Tort Product Liability

290

All Other Real Property

Torts/Personal Injury

Title
Airplane
(Excludes airplane product liability
claims)
Airplane Product Liability

Description
Action by a governmental entity to take privately-owned real property
(land or buildings) for public use for compensation.
Action to enjoin foreclosure on real property by mortgage lender.

Action for rental or lease payments owed on real property and/or to
eject a party occupying real property illegally.
Action alleging trespass to land, nuisance, contamination or other
unlawful entry on or interference with real property possessed by
another.
Action alleging harm by an unsafe product based on negligence, breach
of warranty, misrepresentation, and strict tort liability.
Action primarily based on unlawful conduct relating to real property
that cannot be classified under any other nature of suit.

Description
Action alleging personal injury or wrongful death from an air crash or
other occurrence involving an airplane.

Code
310

315

320

330

340

345

350

355

360

362

365

367

368

Motor Vehicle

Marine Product Liability

Marine
(Excludes marine product liability claims)

Assault, Libel & Slander
(Excludes a government employee)
Federal Employers' Liability

Action alleging personal injury or death from an air crash or other
occurrence involving an airplane and caused by a defective product.
Action alleging intentional acts of assault, libel, trade libel or slander by
a private party.
Action for personal injury or wrongful death brought by a railroad
employee or his survivors under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act
(FELA), 45 U.S.C. § 51, et. seq.
Action (Admiralty and Maritime) alleging personal injury or death from
an accident involving a water vessel or harbor/dock facilities, including
suits brought under the Jones Act and the Limitation of Liability Act.
Action (Admiralty and Maritime) alleging personal injury or wrongful
death from an accident involving a water vessel or harbor/dock
facilities and caused by a defective product.
Action alleging personal injury or wrongful death from negligence
involving a motor vehicle but not caused by a defective product.
Action alleging personal injury or wrongful death involving a motor
vehicle and caused by a defective product.
Action primarily based on personal injury or death caused by
negligence or intentional misconduct, including suits brought against
the United States under the Federal Tort Claims Act, and which cannot
be classified under any other nature of suit.
Action alleging personal injury or wrongful death caused by negligence
in medical care provided by a doctor or other health care professional.
Action alleging personal injury or death resulting from a defective
Personal Injury - Product Liability
product.
(Excludes a marine or airplane product)
Action alleging personal injury or death caused by a defective medical
Health Care/Pharmaceutical Personal
or pharmaceutical product.
Injury Product Liability
Asbestos Personal Injury Product Liability  Action alleging personal injury or death caused by exposure to asbestos

Personal Injury - Medical Malpractice

Motor Vehicle Product Liability

Other Personal Injury

products.

Page 2 of 8

Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
(Rev. 10/20)

Personal Property

Code
370

371

Title
Other Fraud
(Excludes any property that is not real
property)
Truth in Lending

Actions relating to fraud or
misrepresentation in the transfer of real
property should be classified under
nature of suit 290, “All Other Real
Property,” or, if foreclosure is involved,
under nature of suit 220, “Foreclosure.”
Other Personal Property Damage

380

385

Property Damage Product Liability

Civil Rights

Code

440

441

442

443

445

446

Title
Other Civil Rights
(Excludes claims against corrections
officials)
Voting

Employment

Housing/Accommodations

Americans With Disabilities -
Employment
Americans With Disabilities - Other

448

Education

Description
Action primarily based on fraud relating to personal property that
cannot be classified under any other nature of suit.

Action alleging violation of the federal Truth in Lending Act arising from
consumer loan transactions involving personal property including
automobile loans and revolving credit accounts.

Action primarily based on damage to personal property caused by
harmful conduct such as negligence, misrepresentation, interference
with business relationships or unfair trade practices.
Action alleging damage to personal property caused by a defective
product.

Description

Action alleging a civil rights violation other than the specific civil rights
categories listed below or a violation related to prison. Example:
Action alleging excessive force by police incident to an arrest.
Action filed under Civil Rights Act, 52 U.S.C. § 10101, and Voting Rights
Act, 52 U.S.C. § 10301
Action filed under Age Discrimination in Employment Act 29:621:634,
Equal Employment Opportunity Act (Title VII) 42:2000E, Performance
Rating Act of 1950 5:4303
Action filed under the Fair Housing Act (Title VII), 42 U.S.C. § 3601 &
3602.
Action of discrimination against an employee with disabilities of any
type in the work place, filed under 42 U.S.C. § 12117
Action of discrimination against an individual with disabilities in areas
other than employment, filed under 42 U.S.C. § 12133 (exclusion or
discrimination in provision of services, programs or activities of a public
entity) or 42 U.S.C. § 12188 (public accommodations)
Action filed under the Individuals with Disabilities Educations Act, 20
U.S.C. § 1401 and Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972, 20
U.S.C. § 1681 et seq.

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Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
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Prisoner Petitions
Habeas Corpus
Title
Alien Detainee

Code
463

510

Motions to Vacate Sentence

530

General

535

Death Penalty

Other
Prisoner Petitions

Code
540

Title
Mandamus & Other

550

Civil Rights

555

Prison Condition

560

Civil Detainee - Conditions of
Confinement (Excludes actions by alien
detainees)

Description
Immigration habeas petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. All cases filed
with this nature of suit code are restricted to case participants and
public terminals. Petition is filed by an alien detainee.
Action by a prisoner to vacate or modify a sentence imposed in federal
court, other than a death sentence, under 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
Action by a federal or state prisoner currently in custody challenging
the legality of confinement or other punishment. This includes claims
alleging illegalities that occurred in trial (for example, ineffective
assistance of counsel), sentencing (including fines and restitution
orders), or disciplinary proceedings in prison (for example, loss of good
time credits). Habeas petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 or prisoner
habeas under 28 U.S.C. § 2241.
Action by a federal or state prisoner challenging a death sentence.

Description
Action by prisoner currently in custody for a writ of mandamus to
compel action by a judge or government official relating to the
prisoner’s confinement, including conditions of confinement. This
category also includes any actions other than mandamus brought by a
prisoner currently in custody, whether or not it relates to his
confinement, if it is not classifiable under any other nature of suit
category under Prisoner Petitions (for example, action by prisoner to
recover property taken by the government in a criminal case).
Action by current or former prisoner alleging a civil rights violation by
corrections officials that is not related to a condition of prison life.
Action by current prisoner, or former prisoner or their families alleging
a civil rights, Federal Tort Claims Act, or state law claim with respect to
a condition of prison life, whether general circumstances or particular
episodes. Examples: inadequate medical care or excessive force by
prison guards. Includes non-habeas actions by alien detainees alleging
unlawful prison conditions.
Action by former prisoner who was involuntarily committed to a non-
criminal facility after expiration of his or her prison term alleging
unlawful conditions of confinement while in the non-criminal facility.
This category includes, for example, an action by a former prisoner
classified as a Sexually Dangerous Person or Sexually Violent Predator
alleging civil rights violations during his detention in a medical facility.

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Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
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Forfeiture/Penalty

Code
625

Title
Drug Related Seizure of Property 21
U.S.C. § 881

Description
Action (Forfeiture) by which property itself is accused of wrongdoing
and is forfeited to the government as a result.

690

Other

Labor
Code
710

Title
Fair Labor
Standards Act (Non-Union)

720

Labor/Management Relations (Union)

740

Railway Labor Act

Action primarily based on Acts or Bills that cannot be classified under
any other nature of suit, such as: Endangered Species Act, Federal
Hazardous Substance Act 15:1261, Game & Wildlife Act 15:256C et seq.
(Penalty), Federal Trade Commission Act 15:41-51 (Penalty), Federal
Coal Mine Health & Safety Act 30:801 et seq. (Penalty), Load Line Act
46:85-85G, McGuire Bill (Federal Fair Trade) 15:45L Penalty, Marihuana
Tax Act 50 STAT 551, Motorboat Act 46:526-526T, National Traffic &
Motor Vehicle Safety Act penalty 49:1655, Veterans' Benefit Act, Title
38 Penalty.

Description
Action relating to non-union workplace related disputes filed under the
Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. § 201 including but not limited to
wage discrimination, paid leave, minimum wage and overtime pay.

Action relating to disputes between labor unions and employers as well
as all petitions regarding actions of the Nation Labor Relations Board
(NLRB)

Action relating to disputes filed under the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C.
§ 151 including labor disputes, individual claims, and response to
sanctions.

751

790

791

Family and Medical Leave Act

Action filed under the Family Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. § 2601

Other Labor Litigation

Employee Retirement Income Security
Act

Action primarily based on labor disputes not addressed by other NOS
codes (includes Labor/Management Reporting and Disclosure Act)
Action filed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 29
U.S.C. § 1132 by individuals and labor organizations.

Immigration

Code
462

Title
Naturalization Application

465

Other Immigration
Actions

Description
Action seeking review of denial of an application for naturalization [8
U.S.C. § 1447(b)] or alleging failure to make a determination regarding
an application for naturalization [8 U.S.C. § 1421(c)].

Action (Immigration-related) that do not involve Naturalization
Applications or petitions for Writ of Habeas Corpus, such as complaints
alleging failure to adjudicate an application to adjust immigration
status to permanent resident.

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Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
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Bankruptcy

Code
422

Title
Appeal 28 USC § 158

423

Withdrawal of Reference 28 USC § 157

Property Rights
Title
Copyright

Code
820

Patent

Patent – Abbreviated New Drug
Application (ANDA)

Trademark

830

835

840

880

Description
All appeals of previous bankruptcy decisions filed under
28 U.S.C. § 158
Action held in bankruptcy court requesting withdrawal under the
provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 157

Description
Action filed in support or to dispute a copyright claim.

Action filed in support or to dispute a patent claim.

Action filed in support or to dispute a patent claim involving an
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA). These cases are also known
as “Hatch-Waxman” cases.
Action filed in support or to dispute a trademark claim

Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 (DTSA)

Action filed in support or to dispute a trade secret misappropriation

Social Security
Title
HIA (1395ff)

Code
861

862

Black Lung (923)

863

DIWC/DIWW (405(g))

864

865

SSID Title XVI

RSI (405(g))

Federal Tax Suits

Code
870
871

Title
Taxes (U.S. Plaintiff or Defendant)
IRS-Third Party 26 USC 7609

Description
Action filed with regard to social security benefits associated with
Health Insurance Part A Medicare

Action filed with regard to social security benefits provided for those
who contracted Black Lung or their beneficiaries

Action filed with regard to social security benefits provided to disabled
individuals: worker or child, or widow

Action filed with regard to social security benefits provided to
Supplemental Security Income Disability under Title XVI
Action filed with regard to social security benefits provided for
Retirement, Survivor Insurance under 42 U.S.C. § 405

Description
Action filed under the Internal Revenue Code (General)
Action filed under the Internal Revenue Code - Tax Reform Act of 1976
(P.L. 94-455) Third Party

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Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
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Other Statutes
Title
False Claims Act

Code
375

376

Qui Tam (31 U.S.C. § 3729(a))

400

State Reapportionment

410

Antitrust

430

450

460

470

480

485

Banks and Banking

Commerce

Deportation

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt
Organizations
Consumer Credit

Telephone Consumer Protection Act
(TCPA)

490

Cable/Satellite TV

850

Securities/Commodities/Exchange

890

Other Statutory Actions

891

Agricultural Acts

893

Environmental Matters

Description
Action filed by private individuals alleging fraud against the U.S.
Government under 31 U.S.C. § 3729.
Action brought under the False Claims Act by private persons (also
known as "whistleblowers") on their own behalf and on behalf of the
United States to recover damages against another person or entity that
acted fraudulently in receiving payments or property from, or avoiding
debts owed to, the United States Government, 31 U.S.C. § 3730
Action filed under the Reapportionment Act of 1929 Ch. 28, 46 Stat. 21,
2 U.S.C. § 2a.
Action brought under the Clayton Act 15 U.S.C. § 12 - 27 alleging
undue restriction of trade and commerce by designated methods that
limit free competition in the market place amongst consumers such as
anti-competitive price discrimination, corporate mergers, interlocking
directorates or tying and exclusive dealing contracts.
Action filed under the Federal Home Loan Bank Act 12:1421-1449,
Home Owners Loan Act 12:1461 or Federal Reserve Acts 12:142 et seq.
Action filed under the Interstate Commerce Acts 49:1 et seq., 49:301

Action filed under the Immigration Acts (Habeas Corpus & Review)
8:1101/18:1546
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act, RICO 18:1961-1968

Action filed under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. 1681n or
15 U.S.C. 1681o, and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,
15 U.S.C. § 1692k
Action filed under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act 47 U.S.C. §
227

Action filed involving unauthorized reception of cable/satellite TV
service under 47 U.S.C. § 553 (unauthorized reception of cable/satellite
TV), or 47 U.S.C. § 605 (e)(3) (unauthorized use or publication of a
communication)
Action filed under Small Business Investment Act 15:681, Securities
Exchange Act 15:78, Securities Act 15:77, Investment Advisers Act
15:80B(1-21)
Action primarily based on Statutes that cannot be classified under any
other nature of suit, such as: Foreign Agents Registration Act 22:611-
621, Klamath Termination Act 25:564-564W-L, Federal Aid Highway Act
23:101-142, Federal Corrupt Practices Act 2:241-256, Federal Election
Campaign Act, Highway Safety Act 23:401 Immigration & Nationality
Act 8:1503, Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act 49:1671-1700,
Naturalization Acts 8:1421/18:911, 1015, 1421, et seq., 3282 or Federal
Aviation Act 49:1301 et seq.
Action filed under the Federal Crop Insurance Act 7:1501-1550,
Commodity Credit Corporation Act 15:713A-L & 4.
Action filed under Air Pollution Control Act 42:1857-57L, Clean Air Act
42:1857:57L, Federal Environment Pesticide Control Act, Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide & Rodenticide Act 7:135, Federal Water Pollution
Control Act 33:1151 et seq., Land & Water Conservation Fund Act
16:4602,460 1-4, Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act 42:1857F-1-8,

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Civil Nature of Suit Code Descriptions
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National Environmental Policy Act 42:4321, 4331-35G, 4341-47, River &
Harbor Act penalty 3:401-437, 1251.

Other Statutes (Continued)
Title
Freedom of Information Act
Arbitration

Code
895
896

899

Administrative Procedure Act/Review or
Appeal of Agency Decision

950

Constitutionality of State Statutes

Description
Action filed under the Freedom of Information Act 5:552.
Action involving actions to confirm or modify arbitration awards filed
under Title 9 of the U.S. Code.
Action filed under the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 701, or
civil actions to review or appeal a federal agency decision.

Action drawing into question the constitutionality of a federal or state
statute filed under (Rule 5.1). Rule 5.1 implements 28 U.S.C. §2403.

Note: The statutes listed above are not all-inclusive, and other statues might be applicable to each nature of suit.

Statutes that are included in the descriptions should be viewed as examples.

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