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physics/9403001
Desperately Seeking Superstrings
We provide a detailed analysis of the problems and prospects of superstring theory c. 1986, anticipating much of the progress of the decades to follow.
1986-04-25
2015-06-26
[ "physics.pop-ph", "hep-th" ]
Paul Ginsparg and Sheldon Glashow
hep-th/9108028
Applied Conformal Field Theory
These lectures consisted of an elementary introduction to conformal field theory, with some applications to statistical mechanical systems, and fewer to string theory. Contents: 1. Conformal theories in d dimensions 2. Conformal theories in 2 dimensions 3. The central charge and the Virasoro algebra 4. Kac determinant and unitarity 5. Identication of m = 3 with the critical Ising model 6. Free bosons and fermions 7. Free fermions on a torus 8. Free bosons on a torus 9. Affine Kac-Moody algebras and coset constructions 10. Advanced applications
1988-11-11
2008-02-06
[ "hep-th" ]
Paul Ginsparg
math/9201207
The Rademacher cotype of operators from $l_\infty^N$
We show that for any operator $T:l_\infty^N\to Y$, where $Y$ is a Banach space, that its cotype 2 constant, $K_2(T)$, is related to its $(2,1)$-summing norm, $\pi_{2,1}(T)$, by $K_2(T) \le c \log\log N \pi_{2,1}(T) $. Thus, we can show that there is an operator $T:C(K)\to Y$ that has cotype 2, but is not 2-summing.
1989-11-17
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
Stephen J. Montgomery-Smith and Michel Talagrand
math/9201206
On the volume of the intersection of two $L_p^n$ balls
This note deals with the following problem, the case $p=1$, $q=2$ of which was introduced to us by Vitali Milman: What is the volume left in the $L_p^n$ ball after removing a t-multiple of the $L_q^n$ ball? Recall that the $L_r^n$ ball is the set $\{(t_1,t_2,\dots,t_n);\ t_i\in{\bf R},\ n^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^n|t_i|^r\le 1\}$ and note that for $0<p<q<\infty$ the $L_q^n$ ball is contained in the $L_p^n$ ball. In Corollary 4 we show that, after normalizing Lebesgue measure so that the volume of the $L_p^n$ ball is one, the answer to the problem above is of order $e^{-ct^pn^{p/q}}$ for $T<t<{1\over 2}n^ {{1\over p}-{1\over q}}$, where $c$ and $T$ depend on $p$ and $q$ but not on $n$. The main theorem, Theorem 3, deals with the corresponding question for the surface measure of the $L_p^n$ sphere.
1989-11-09
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA", "math.MG" ]
Gideon Schechtman and Joel Zinn
math/9201239
A note on canonical functions
We construct a generic extension in which the aleph_2 nd canonical function on aleph_1 exists.
1989-04-15
2009-09-25
[ "math.LO" ]
Thomas Jech, Saharon Shelah
math/9201205
Volume ratios and a reverse isoperimetric inequality
It is shown that if $C$ is an $n$-dimensional convex body then there is an affine image $\widetilde C$ of $C$ for which $${|\partial \widetilde C|\over |\widetilde C|^{n-1\over n}}$$ is no larger than the corresponding expression for a regular $n$-dimensional ``tetrahedron''. It is also shown that among $n$-dimensional subspaces of $L_p$ (for each $p\in [1,\infty]), \ell^n_p$ has maximal volume ratio.\vskip3in
1989-10-26
2008-02-03
[ "math.MG", "math.FA" ]
Keith Ball
math/9201204
Shadows of convex bodies
It is proved that if $C$ is a convex body in ${\Bbb R}^n$ then $C$ has an affine image $\widetilde C$ (of non-zero volume) so that if $P$ is any 1-codimensional orthogonal projection, $$|P\widetilde C| \ge |\widetilde C|^{n-1\over n}.$$ It is also shown that there is a pathological body, $K$, all of whose orthogonal projections have volume about $\sqrt{n}$ times as large as $|K|^{n-1\over n}$.
1989-10-26
2016-09-06
[ "math.MG", "math.FA" ]
Keith Ball
math/9201203
Convex bodies with few faces
It is proved that if $u_1,\ldots, u_n$ are vectors in ${\Bbb R}^k, k\le n, 1 \le p < \infty$ and $$r = ({1\over k} \sum ^n_1 |u_i|^p)^{1\over p}$$ then the volume of the symmetric convex body whose boundary functionals are $\pm u_1,\ldots, \pm u_n$, is bounded from below as $$|\{ x\in {\Bbb R}^k\colon \ |\langle x,u_i\rangle | \le 1 \ \hbox{for every} \ i\}|^{1\over k} \ge {1\over \sqrt{\rho}r}.$$ An application to number theory is stated.
1989-10-26
2016-09-06
[ "math.MG", "math.FA" ]
Keith Ball (Texas A&M University) and Alain Pajor (Paris VII)
cs/9301111
Nested satisfiability
A special case of the satisfiability problem, in which the clauses have a hierarchical structure, is shown to be solvable in linear time, assuming that the clauses have been represented in a convenient way.
1990-01-01
2008-02-03
[ "cs.CC" ]
Donald E. Knuth
cs/9301112
A note on digitized angles
We study the configurations of pixels that occur when two digitized straight lines meet each other.
1990-04-01
2008-02-03
[ "cs.GR" ]
Donald E. Knuth
math/9201303
Stable husbands
Suppose $n$ boys and $n$ girls rank each other at random. We show that any particular girl has at least $({1\over 2}-\epsilon) \ln n$ and at most $(1+\epsilon)\ln n$ different husbands in the set of all Gale/Shapley stable matchings defined by these rankings, with probability approaching 1 as $n \to \infty$, if $\epsilon$ is any positive constant. The proof emphasizes general methods that appear to be useful for the analysis of many other combinatorial algorithms.
1990-01-01
2008-02-03
[ "math.CO", "math.PR" ]
Donald E. Knuth, Rajeev Motwani, and Boris Pittel
math/9201276
New examples of manifolds with completely integrable geodesic flows
We construct Riemannian manifolds with completely integrable geodesic flows, in particular various nonhomogeneous examples. The methods employed are a modification of Thimm's method, Riemannian submersions and connected sums.
1990-12-04
2008-02-03
[ "math.DS", "math.DG" ]
Gabriel Paternain, Ralf J. Spatzier
math/9201275
The Julia sets and complex singularities in hierarchical Ising models
We study the analytical continuation in the complex plane of free energy of the Ising model on diamond-like hierarchical lattices. It is known that the singularities of free energy of this model lie on the Julia set of some rational endomorphism $f$ related to the action of the Migdal-Kadanoff renorm-group. We study the asymptotics of free energy when temperature goes along hyperbolic geodesics to the boundary of an attractive basin of $f$. We prove that for almost all (with respect to the harmonic measure) geodesics the complex critical exponent is common, and compute it.
1990-09-26
2009-10-22
[ "math.DS", "math-ph", "math.MP" ]
Pavel Bleher, Mikhail Lyubich
math/9201274
One-dimensional maps and Poincar\'e metric
Invertible compositions of one-dimensional maps are studied which are assumed to include maps with non-positive Schwarzian derivative and others whose sum of distortions is bounded. If the assumptions of the Koebe principle hold, we show that the joint distortion of the composition is bounded. On the other hand, if all maps with possibly non-negative Schwarzian derivative are almost linear-fractional and their nonlinearities tend to cancel leaving only a small total, then they can all be replaced with affine maps with the same domains and images and the resulting composition is a very good approximation of the original one. These technical tools are then applied to prove a theorem about critical circle maps.
1990-08-12
2016-09-06
[ "math.DS" ]
Grzegorz Swiatek
math/9201273
Remarks on iterated cubic maps
This note will discuss the dynamics of iterated cubic maps from the real or complex line to itself, and will describe the geography of the parameter space for such maps. It is a rough survey with few precise statements or proofs, and depends strongly on work by Douady, Hubbard, Branner and Rees.
1990-05-12
2008-02-03
[ "math.DS" ]
John W. Milnor
math/9201272
Dynamics in one complex variable: introductory lectures
These notes study the dynamics of iterated holomorphic mappings from a Riemann surface to itself, concentrating on the classical case of rational maps of the Riemann sphere. They are based on introductory lectures given at Stony Brook during the Fall Term of 1989-90. These lectures are intended to introduce the reader to some key ideas in the field, and to form a basis for further study. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the rudiments of complex variable theory and of two-dimensional differential geometry.
1990-04-20
2016-09-06
[ "math.DS", "math.CV" ]
John W. Milnor
math/9201271
Conformal dynamics problem list
This is a list of unsolved problems given at the Conformal Dynamics Conference which was held at SUNY Stony Brook in November 1989. Problems were contributed by the editor and the other authors.
1990-01-18
2009-09-25
[ "math.DS" ]
Ben Bielefeld (editor), Adrien Douady, Curt McMullen, Jack Milnor, Misuhiro Shishikura, Folkert Tangerman, Peter Veerman
math/9201220
The proportional UAP characterizes weak Hilbert spaces
We prove that a Banach space has the uniform approximation property with proportional growth of the uniformity function iff it is a weak Hilbert space.
1990-12-31
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
William B. Johnson and Gilles Pisier
math/9201219
On quotients of Banach spaces having shrinking unconditional bases
It is proved that if a Banach space $Y$ is a quotient of a Banach space having a shrinking unconditional basis, then every normalized weakly null sequence in $Y$ has an unconditional subsequence. The proof yields the corollary that every quotient of Schreier's space is $c_o$-saturated.
1990-11-16
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
Edward Odell
math/9201216
Some deviation inequalities
We introduce a concentration property for probability measures on $\scriptstyle{R^n}$, which we call Property~($\scriptstyle\tau$); we show that this property has an interesting stability under products and contractions (Lemmas 1,~2,~3). Using property~($\scriptstyle\tau$), we give a short proof for a recent deviation inequality due to Talagrand. In a third section, we also recover known concentration results for Gaussian measures using our approach.}
1990-09-05
2009-09-25
[ "math.FA" ]
Bernard Maurey
math/9201215
p-summing operators on injective tensor products of spaces
Let $X,Y$ and $Z$ be Banach spaces, and let $\prod_p(Y,Z) (1\leq p<\infty)$ denote the space of $p$-summing operators from $Y$ to $Z$. We show that, if $X$ is a {\it \$}$_\infty$-space, then a bounded linear operator $T: X\hat \otimes_\epsilon Y\longrightarrow Z$ is 1-summing if and only if a naturally associated operator $T^#: X\longrightarrow \prod_1(Y,Z)$ is 1-summing. This result need not be true if $X$ is not a {\it \$}$_\infty$-space. For $p>1$, several examples are given with $X=C[0,1]$ to show that $T^#$ can be $p$-summing without $T$ being $p$-summing. Indeed, there is an operator $T$ on $C[0,1]\hat \otimes_\epsilon \ell_1$ whose associated operator $T^#$ is 2-summing, but for all $N\in \N$, there exists an $N$-dimensional subspace $U$ of $C[0,1]\hat \otimes_\epsilon \ell_1$ such that $T$ restricted to $U$ is equivalent to the identity operator on $\ell^N_\infty$. Finally, we show that there is a compact Hausdorff space $K$ and a bounded linear operator $T:\ C(K)\hat \otimes_\epsilon \ell_1\longrightarrow \ell_2$ for which $T^#:\ C(K)\longrightarrow \prod_1(\ell_1, \ell_2)$ is not 2-summing.
1990-07-23
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
Stephen J. Montgomery-Smith and Paulette Saab
math/9201214
On the complemented subspaces of X_p
In this paper we prove some results related to the problem of isomorphically classifying the complemented subspaces of $X_{p}$. We characterize the complemented subspaces of $X_{p}$ which are isomorphic to $X_{p}$ by showing that such a space must contain a canonical complemented subspace isomorphic to $X_{p}.$ We also give some characterizations of complemented subspaces of $X_{p}$ isomorphic to $\ell_{p}\oplus \ell_{2}.$
1990-07-20
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
Dale E. Alspach
math/9201213
Permutations of the Haar system
General permutations acting on the Haar system are investigated. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for permutations to induce an isomorphism on dyadic BMO. Extensions of this characterization to Lipschitz spaces $\lip, (0<p\leq1)$ are obtained. When specialized to permutations which act on one level of the Haar system only, our approach leads to a short straightforward proof of a result due to E.M.Semyonov and B.Stoeckert.
1990-06-25
2009-09-25
[ "math.FA" ]
Paul F. X. M\"uller
math/9201212
Complemented subspaces of spaces obtained by interpolation
If Z is a quotient of a subspace of a separable Banach space X, and V is any separable Banach space, then there is a Banach couple (A_0,A_1) such that A_0 and A_1 are isometric to $X\oplus V$, and any intermediate space obtained using the real or complex interpolation method contains a complemented subspace isomorphic to Z. Thus many properties of Banach spaces, including having non-trivial cotype, having the Radon-Nikodym property, and having the analytic unconditional martingale difference sequence property, do not pass to intermediate spaces.
1990-06-20
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
D. J. H. Garling and Stephen J. Montgomery-Smith
math/9201211
Nuclear operators on spaces of continuous vector-valued functions
Let $\Omega$ be a compact Hausdorff space, let $E$ be a Banach space, and let $C(\Omega, E)$ stand for the Banach space of all $E$-valued continuous functions on $\Omega$ under supnorm. In this paper we study when nuclear operators on $C(\Omega, E)$ spaces can be completely characterized in terms of properties of their representing vector measures. We also show that if $F$ is a Banach space and if $T:\ C(\Omega, E)\rightarrow F$ is a nuclear operator, then $T$ induces a bounded linear operator $T^\#$ from the space $C(\Omega)$ of scalar valued continuous functions on $\Omega$ into $\slN(E,F)$ the space of nuclear operators from $E$ to $F$, in this case we show that $E^*$ has the Radon-Nikodym property if and only if $T^\#$ is nuclear whenever $T$ is nuclear.
1990-03-27
2008-02-03
[ "math.FA" ]
Paulette Saab and Brenda Smith
math/9201210
Integral Operators on Spaces of Continuous Vector-valued Functions
Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff space, let $E$ be a Banach space, and let $C(X,E)$ stand for the Banach space of $E$-valued continuous functions on $X$ under the uniform norm. In this paper we characterize Integral operators (in the sense of Grothendieck) on $C(X,E)$ spaces in term of their representing vector measures. This is then used to give some applications to Nuclear operators on $C(X,E)$ spaces.
1990-03-15
2009-09-25
[ "math.FA" ]
Paulette Saab
math/9201209
Operators which factor through Banach lattices not containing c_0
In this supplement to [GJ1], [GJ3], we give an intrinsic characterization of (bounded, linear) operators on Banach lattices which factor through Banach lattices not containing a copy of $c_0$ which complements the characterization of [GJ1], [GJ3] that an operator admits such a factorization if and only if it can be written as the product of two operators neither of which preserves a copy of $c_0$. The intrinsic characterization is that the restriction of the second adjoint of the operator to the ideal generated by the lattice in its bidual does not preserve a copy of $c_0$. This property of an operator was introduced by C. Niculescu [N2] under the name ``strong type B".
1990-02-19
2016-09-06
[ "math.FA" ]
Nassif Ghoussoub and William B. Johnson
math/9201240
Categoricity over P for first order T or categoricity for phi in L_{omega_1 omega} can stop at aleph_k while holding for aleph_0, ..., aleph_{k-1}
Suppose L is a relational language and P in L is a unary predicate. If M is an L-structure then P(M) is the L-structure formed as the substructure of M with domain {a: M models P(a)}. Now suppose T is a complete first order theory in L with infinite models. Following Hodges, we say that T is relatively lambda-categorical if whenever M, N models T, P(M)=P(N), |P(M)|= lambda then there is an isomorphism i:M-> N which is the identity on P(M). T is relatively categorical if it is relatively lambda-categorical for every lambda. The question arises whether the relative lambda-categoricity of T for some lambda >|T| implies that T is relatively categorical. In this paper, we provide an example, for every k>0, of a theory T_k and an L_{omega_1 omega} sentence varphi_k so that T_k is relatively aleph_n-categorical for n < k and varphi_k is aleph_n-categorical for n<k but T_k is not relatively beth_k-categorical and varphi_k is not beth_k-categorical.
1990-01-15
2008-02-03
[ "math.LO" ]
Bradd Hart, Saharon Shelah
math/9201241
The primal framework. I
This the first of a series of articles dealing with abstract classification theory. The apparatus to assign systems of cardinal invariants to models of a first order theory (or determine its impossibility) is developed in [Sh:a]. It is natural to try to extend this theory to classes of models which are described in other ways. Work on the classification theory for nonelementary classes [Sh:88] and for universal classes [Sh:300] led to the conclusion that an axiomatic approach provided the best setting for developing a theory of wider application. In the first chapter we describe the axioms on which the remainder of the article depends and give some examples and context to justify this level of generality. The study of universal classes takes as a primitive the notion of closing a subset under functions to obtain a model. We replace that concept by the notion of a prime model. We begin the detailed discussion of this idea in Chapter II. One of the important contributions of classification theory is the recognition that large models can often be analyzed by means of a family of small models indexed by a tree of height at most omega. More precisely, the analyzed model is prime over such a tree. Chapter III provides sufficient conditions for prime models over such trees to exist.
1990-01-15
2009-09-25
[ "math.LO" ]
John T. Baldwin, Saharon Shelah
math/9201242
Full reflection of stationary sets below aleph_omega
It is consistent that for every n >= 2, every stationary subset of omega_n consisting of ordinals of cofinality omega_k where k = 0 or k <= n-3 reflects fully in the set of ordinals of cofinality omega_{n-1}. We also show that this result is best possible.
1990-01-15
2008-02-03
[ "math.LO" ]
Thomas Jech, Saharon Shelah
math/9201218
The plank problem for symmetric bodies
Given a symmetric convex body $C$ and $n$ hyperplanes in an Euclidean space, there is a translate of a multiple of $C$, at least ${1\over n+1}$ times as large, inside $C$, whose interior does not meet any of the hyperplanes. The result generalizes Bang's solution of the plank problem of Tarski and has applications to Diophantine approximation.
1990-09-25
2009-10-22
[ "math.MG", "math.FA" ]
Keith Ball
math/9201217
Ellipsoids of maximal volume in convex bodies
The largest discs contained in a regular tetrahedron lie in its faces. The proof is closely related to the theorem of Fritz John characterising ellipsoids of maximal volume contained in convex bodies.
1990-09-25
2009-09-25
[ "math.MG", "math.FA" ]
Keith Ball
math/9201208
Remarks on Talagrand's deviation inequality for Rademacher functions
Recently Talagrand [T] estimated the deviation of a function on $\{0,1\}^n$ from its median in terms of the Lipschitz constant of a convex extension of $f$ to $\ell ^n_2$; namely, he proved that $$P(|f-M_f| > c) \le 4 e^{-t^2/4\sigma ^2}$$ where $\sigma$ is the Lipschitz constant of the extension of $f$ and $P$ is the natural probability on $\{0,1\}^n$. Here we extend this inequality to more general product probability spaces; in particular, we prove the same inequality for $\{0,1\}^n$ with the product measure $((1-\eta)\delta _0 + \eta \delta _1)^n$. We believe this should be useful in proofs involving random selections. As an illustration of possible applications we give a simple proof (though not with the right dependence on $\varepsilon$) of the Bourgain, Lindenstrauss, Milman result [BLM] that for $1\le r < s \le 2$ and $\varepsilon >0$, every $n$-dimensional subspace of $L_s \ (1+\varepsilon)$-embeds into $\ell ^N_r$ with $N = c(r,s,\varepsilon)n$.
1990-02-16
2016-09-06
[ "math.PR", "math.FA" ]
William B. Johnson and Gideon Schechtman
math/9201301
Involutory Hopf algebras and 3-manifold invariants
We establish a 3-manifold invariant for each finite-dimensional, involutory Hopf algebra. If the Hopf algebra is the group algebra of a group $G$, the invariant counts homomorphisms from the fundamental group of the manifold to $G$. The invariant can be viewed as a state model on a Heegaard diagram or a triangulation of the manifold. The computation of the invariant involves tensor products and contractions of the structure tensors of the algebra. We show that every formal expression involving these tensors corresponds to a unique 3-manifold modulo a well-understood equivalence. This raises the possibility of an algorithm which can determine whether two given 3-manifolds are homeomorphic.
1990-05-19
2016-09-06
[ "math.QA", "math.GT" ]
Greg Kuperberg (UC Berkeley)
cs/9301113
Textbook examples of recursion
We discuss properties of recursive schemas related to McCarthy's ``91 function'' and to Takeuchi's triple recursion. Several theorems are proposed as interesting candidates for machine verification, and some intriguing open questions are raised.
1991-08-01
2008-02-03
[ "cs.CC" ]
Donald E. Knuth
cs/9301115
Context-free multilanguages
This article is a sketch of ideas that were once intended to appear in the author's famous series, "The Art of Computer Programming". He generalizes the notion of a context-free language from a set to a multiset of words over an alphabet. The idea is to keep track of the number of ways to parse a string. For example, "fruit flies like a banana" can famously be parsed in two ways; analogous examples in the setting of programming languages may yet be important in the future. The treatment is informal but essentially rigorous.
1991-12-01
2008-02-03
[ "cs.DS" ]
Donald E. Knuth
cs/9301114
Theory and practice
The author argues to Silicon Valley that the most important and powerful part of computer science is work that is simultaneously theoretical and practical. He particularly considers the intersection of the theory of algorithms and practical software development. He combines examples from the development of the TeX typesetting system with clever jokes, criticisms, and encouragements.
1991-11-01
2008-02-03
[ "cs.GL" ]
Donald E. Knuth
hep-th/9112076
Lectures on W algebras and W gravity
We give a review of the extended conformal algebras, known as $W$ algebras, which contain currents of spins higher than 2 in addition to the energy-momentum tensor. These include the non-linear $W_N$ algebras; the linear $W_\infty$ and $W_{1+\infty}$ algebras; and their super-extensions. We discuss their applications to the construction of $W$-gravity and $W$-string theories.
1991-12-31
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
C.N. Pope
hep-th/9201001
Combinatorics of the Modular Group II: the Kontsevich integrals
We study algebraic aspects of Kontsevich integrals as generating functions for intersection theory over moduli space and review the derivation of Virasoro and KdV constraints. 1. Intersection numbers 2. The Kontsevich integral 2.1. The main theorem 2.2 Expansion of Z on characters and Schur functions 2.3 Proof of the first part of the Theorem 3. From Grassmannians to KdV 4. Matrix Airy equation and Virasoro highest weight conditions 5. Genus expansion 6. Singular behaviour and Painlev'e equation. 7. Generalization to higher degree potentials
1991-12-31
2016-09-06
[ "hep-th", "math.QA" ]
C. Itzykson and J.-B. Zuber
hep-th/9112074
Non-linear WKB Analysis of the String Equation
We apply non-linear WKB analysis to the study of the string equation. Even though the solutions obtained with this method are not exact, they approximate extremely well the true solutions, as we explicitly show using numerical simulations. ``Physical'' solutions are seen to be separatrices corresponding to degenerate Riemann surfaces. We obtain an analytic approximation in excellent agreement with the numerical solution found by Parisi et al. for the $k=3$ case.
1991-12-30
2010-11-01
[ "hep-th" ]
F. Fucito, A. Gamba, M. Martellini and O. Ragnisco
hep-th/9112075
Exactly Solvable Potentials and Quantum Algebras
A set of exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum mechanical potentials is described. It is defined by a finite-difference-differential equation generating in the limiting cases the Rosen-Morse, harmonic, and P\"oschl-Teller potentials. General solution includes Shabat's infinite number soliton system and leads to raising and lowering operators satisfying $q$-deformed harmonic oscillator algebra. In the latter case energy spectrum is purely exponential and physical states form a reducible representation of the quantum conformal algebra $su_q(1,1)$.
1991-12-30
2009-01-23
[ "hep-th" ]
V.Spiridonov
hep-th/9112073
Higher-Rank Supersymmetry and Topological Field Theory
The $N=2$ minimal superconformal model can be twisted yielding an example of topological conformal field theory. In this article we investigate a Lie theoretic extension of this process.
1991-12-25
2015-06-26
[ "hep-th" ]
Toshiya Kawai, Taku Uchino and Sun-Kil Yang
hep-th/9112071
Three Manifolds and Graph Invariants
We show how the Turaev--Viro invariant can be understood within the framework of Chern--Simons theory with gauge group SU(2). We also describe a new invariant for certain class of graphs by interpreting the triangulation of a manifold as a graph consisiting of crossings and vertices with three lines. We further show, for $S^3$ and $RP^3$, that the Turaev-Viro invariant is the square of the absolute value of their respective partition functions in SU(2) Chern--Simons theory and give a method of evaluating the later in a closed form for lens spaces $L_{p,1}$.
1991-12-24
2008-02-03
[ "hep-th", "math.QA" ]
S. Kalyana Rama and Siddhartha Sen
hep-th/9112072
Partition Functions and Topology-Changing Amplitudes in the 3D Lattice Gravity of Ponzano and Regge
We define a physical Hilbert space for the three-dimensional lattice gravity of Ponzano and Regge and establish its isomorphism to the ones in the $ISO(3)$ Chern-Simons theory. It is shown that, for a handlebody of any genus, a Hartle-Hawking-type wave-function of the lattice gravity transforms into the corresponding state in the Chern-Simons theory under this isomorphism. Using the Heegaard splitting of a three-dimensional manifold, a partition function of each of these theories is expressed as an inner product of such wave-functions. Since the isomorphism preserves the inner products, the partition function of the two theories are the same for any closed orientable manifold. We also discuss on a class of topology-changing amplitudes in the lattice gravity and their relation to the ones in the Chern-Simons theory.
1991-12-24
2009-09-17
[ "hep-th" ]
Hirosi Ooguri
hep-th/9112070
Generalized Duality in Curved String-Backgrounds
The elements of $O(d,d,\Z)$ are shown to be discrete symmetries of the space of curved string backgrounds that are independent of $d$ coordinates. The explicit action of the symmetries on the backgrounds is described. Particular attention is paid to the dilaton transformation. Such symmetries identify different cosmological solutions and other (possibly) singular backgrounds; for example, it is shown that a compact black string is dual to a charged black hole. The extension to the heterotic string is discussed.
1991-12-23
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Amit Giveon and Martin Rocek
hep-th/9112069
Unitary And Hermitian Matrices In An External Field II: The Kontsevich Model And Continuum Virasoro Constraints
We give a simple derivation of the Virasoro constraints in the Kontsevich model, first derived by Witten. We generalize the method to a model of unitary matrices, for which we find a new set of Virasoro constraints. Finally we discuss the solution for symmetric matrices in an external field.
1991-12-23
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
David J. Gross and Michael J. Newman
hep-th/9112068
On the General Structure of Hamiltonian Reductions of the Wznw Theory
The structure of Hamiltonian reductions of the Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) theory by first class Kac-Moody constraints is analyzed in detail. Lie algebraic conditions are given for ensuring the presence of exact integrability, conformal invariance and $\cal W$-symmetry in the reduced theories. A Lagrangean, gauged WZNW implementation of the reduction is established in the general case and thereby the path integral as well as the BRST formalism are set up for studying the quantum version of the reduction. The general results are applied to a number of examples. In particular, a ${\cal W}$-algebra is associated to each embedding of $sl(2)$ into the simple Lie algebras by using purely first class constraints. The importance of these $sl(2)$ systems is demonstrated by showing that they underlie the $W_n^l$-algebras as well. New generalized Toda theories are found whose chiral algebras are the ${\cal W}$-algebras belonging to the half-integral $sl(2)$ embeddings, and the ${\cal W}$-symmetry of the effective action of those generalized Toda theories associated with the integral gradings is exhibited explicitly.
1991-12-22
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
L. Feher, L. O'raifeartaigh, P. Ruelle, I. Tsutsui and A. Wipf
hep-th/9112066
The Solution Space of the Unitary Matrix Model String Equation and the Sato Grassmannian
The space of all solutions to the string equation of the symmetric unitary one-matrix model is determined. It is shown that the string equation is equivalent to simple conditions on points $V_1$ and $V_2$ in the big cell $\Gr$ of the Sato Grassmannian $Gr$. This is a consequence of a well-defined continuum limit in which the string equation has the simple form $\lb \cp ,\cq_- \rb =\hbox{\rm 1}$, with $\cp$ and $\cq_-$ $2\times 2$ matrices of differential operators. These conditions on $V_1$ and $V_2$ yield a simple system of first order differential equations whose analysis determines the space of all solutions to the string equation. This geometric formulation leads directly to the Virasoro constraints $\L_n\,(n\geq 0)$, where $\L_n$ annihilate the two modified-KdV $\t$-functions whose product gives the partition function of the Unitary Matrix Model.
1991-12-21
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Konstantinos N. Anagnostopoulos, Mark J. Bowick and Albert Schwarz
hep-th/9112062
Quantum Mechanics and Black Holes in Four-Dimensional String Theory
In previous papers we have shown how strings in a two-dimensional target space reconcile quantum mechanics with general relativity, thanks to an infinite set of conserved quantum numbers, ``W-hair'', associated with topological soliton-like states. In this paper we extend these arguments to four dimensions, by considering explicitly the case of string black holes with radial symmetry. The key infinite-dimensional W-symmetry is associated with the $\frac{SU(1,1)}{U(1)}$ coset structure of the dilaton-graviton sector that is a model-independent feature of spherically symmetric four-dimensional strings. Arguments are also given that the enormous number of string {\it discrete (topological)} states account for the maintenance of quantum coherence during the (non-thermal) stringy evaporation process, as well as quenching the large Hawking-Bekenstein entropy associated with the black hole. Defining the latter as the measure of the loss of information for an observer at infinity, who - ignoring the higher string quantum numbers - keeps track only of the classical mass,angular momentum and charge of the black hole, one recovers the familiar a quadratic dependence on the black-hole mass by simple counting arguments on the asymptotic density of string states in a linear-dilaton background.
1991-12-20
2009-09-11
[ "hep-th" ]
J. Ellis, N. Mavromatos, and D. Nanopoulos
hep-th/9112060
W Gravity From Chern--Simons Theory
Starting with three dimensional Chern--Simons theory with gauge group $Sl(N,R)$, we derive an action $S_{cov}$ invariant under both left and right $W_N$ transformations. We give an interpretation of $S_{cov}$ in terms of anomalies, and discuss its relation with Toda theory.
1991-12-20
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Jan de Boer and Jacob Goeree
hep-th/9112063
Integrability of the quantum KdV equation at c = -2
We present a simple a direct proof of the complete integrability of the quantum KdV equation at $c=-2$, with an explicit description of all the conservation laws.
1991-12-20
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
P. Di Francesco, P. Mathieu and D. Senechal
hep-th/9112061
Symmetries and Special States in Two Dimensional String Theory
We use the W-infinity symmetry of c=1 quantum gravity to compute matrix model special state correlation functions. The results are compared, and found to agree, with expectations from the Liouville model.
1991-12-20
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Ulf H. Danielsson
hep-th/9112065
Euclidean Black Hole Vortices
We argue the existence of solutions of the Euclidean Einstein equations that correspond to a vortex sitting at the horizon of a black hole. We find the asymptotic behaviours, at the horizon and at infinity, of vortex solutions for the gauge and scalar fields in an abelian Higgs model on a Euclidean Schwarzschild background and interpolate between them by integrating the equations numerically. Calculating the backreaction shows that the effect of the vortex is to cut a slice out of the Euclidean Schwarzschild geometry. Consequences of these solutions for black hole thermodynamics are discussed.
1991-12-20
2011-04-20
[ "hep-th" ]
Fay Dowker, Ruth Gregory and Jennie Traschen
hep-th/9112064
Topological gauge theories from supersymmetric quantum mechanics on spaces of connections
We rederive the recently introduced $N=2$ topological gauge theories, representing the Euler characteristic of moduli spaces ${\cal M}$ of connections, from supersymmetric quantum mechanics on the infinite dimensional spaces ${\cal A}/{\cal G}$ of gauge orbits. To that end we discuss variants of ordinary supersymmetric quantum mechanics which have meaningful extensions to infinite-dimensional target spaces and introduce supersymmetric quantum mechanics actions modelling the Riemannian geometry of submersions and embeddings, relevant to the projections ${\cal A}\rightarrow {\cal A}/{\cal G}$ and inclusions ${\cal M}\subset{\cal A}/{\cal G}$ respectively. We explain the relation between Donaldson theory and the gauge theory of flat connections in $3d$ and illustrate the general construction by other $2d$ and $4d$ examples.
1991-12-20
2015-06-26
[ "hep-th" ]
M Blau and G Thompson
hep-th/9112050
Topics in String Unification
I discuss several aspects of strings as unified theories. After recalling the difficulties of the simplest supersymmetric grand unification schemes I emphasize the distinct features of string unification. An important role in constraining the effective low energy physics from strings is played by $duality$ symmetries. The discussed topics include the unification of coupling constants (computation of $\sin ^2\theta _W$ and $\alpha _s$ at the weak scale), supersymmetry breaking through gaugino condensation, and properties of the induced SUSY-breaking soft terms. I remark that departures from universality in the soft terms are (in contrast to the minimal SUSY model) generically expected.
1991-12-19
2008-02-06
[ "hep-th" ]
Luis E. Ibanez
hep-th/9112067
On the Symmetries of Integrability
We show that the Yang-Baxter equations for two dimensional models admit as a group of symmetry the infinite discrete group $A_2^{(1)}$. The existence of this symmetry explains the presence of a spectral parameter in the solutions of the equations. We show that similarly, for three-dimensional vertex models and the associated tetrahedron equations, there also exists an infinite discrete group of symmetry. Although generalizing naturally the previous one, it is a much bigger hyperbolic Coxeter group. We indicate how this symmetry can help to resolve the Yang-Baxter equations and their higher-dimensional generalizations and initiate the study of three-dimensional vertex models. These symmetries are naturally represented as birational projective transformations. They may preserve non trivial algebraic varieties, and lead to proper parametrizations of the models, be they integrable or not. We mention the relation existing between spin models and the Bose-Messner algebras of algebraic combinatorics. Our results also yield the generalization of the condition $q^n=1$ so often mentioned in the theory of quantum groups, when no $q$ parameter is available.
1991-12-19
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
M. Bellon, J-M. Maillard, C. Viallet
hep-th/9112057
One-Point Functions of Loops and Constraints Equations of the Multi-Matrix Models at finite N
We derive one-point functions of the loop operators of Hermitian matrix-chain models at finite $N$ in terms of differential operators acting on the partition functions. The differential operators are completely determined by recursion relations from the Schwinger-Dyson equations. Interesting observation is that these generating operators of the one-point functions satisfy $W_{1+\infty}$-like algebra. Also, we obtain constraint equations on the partition functions in terms of the differential operators. These constraint equations on the partition functions define the symmetries of the matrix models at off-critical point before taking the double scaling limit.
1991-12-19
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Changrim Ahn and Kazuyasu Shigemoto
hep-th/9112049
Flat Holomorphic Connections and Picard-Fuchs Identities From $N=2$ Supergravity
We show that in special K\"ahler geometry of $N=2$ space-time supergravity the gauge variant part of the connection is holomorphic and flat (in a Riemannian sense). A set of differential identities (Picard-Fuchs identities) are satisfied on a holomorphic bundle. The relationship with the differential equations obeyed by the periods of the holomorphic three form of Calabi-Yau manifolds is outlined.
1991-12-19
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Sergio Ferrara and Jan Louis
hep-th/9112052
$W$-Infinity Ward Identities and Correlation Functions in the $C=1$ Matrix Model
We explore consequences of $W$-infinity symmetry in the fermionic field theory of the $c=1$ matrix model. We derive exact Ward identities relating correlation functions of the bilocal operator. These identities can be expressed as equations satisfied by the effective action of a {\it three} dimensional theory and contain non-perturbative information about the model. We use these identities to calculate the two point function of the bilocal operator in the double scaling limit. We extract the operator whose two point correlator has a {\it single} pole at an (imaginary) integer value of the energy. We then rewrite the \winf~ charges in terms of operators in the matrix model and use this derive constraints satisfied by the partition function of the matrix model with a general time dependent potential.
1991-12-19
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Sumit R. Das, Avinash Dhar, Gautam Mandal and Spenta R. Wadia
hep-th/9112053
C.S.Xiong
We generalize Toda--like integrable lattice systems to non--symmetric case. We show that they possess the bi--Hamiltonian structure.
1991-12-19
2015-06-26
[ "hep-th" ]
Generalized Integrable Lattice Systems
hep-th/9112056
Mirror Manifolds And Topological Field Theory
These notes are devoted to explaining aspects of the mirror manifold problem that can be naturally understood from the point of view of topological field theory. Basically this involves studying the topological field theories made by twisting $N=2$ sigma models. This is mainly a review of old results, except for the discussion in \S7 of certain facts that may be relevant to constructing the ``mirror map'' between mirror moduli spaces.
1991-12-19
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
Edward Witten
hep-th/9112058
Loop Equations and Virasoro Constraints in Matrix Models
In the first part of the talk, I review the applications of loop equations to the matrix models and to 2-dimensional quantum gravity which is defined as their continuum limit. The results concerning multi-loop correlators for low genera and the Virasoro invariance are discussed. The second part is devoted to the Kontsevich matrix model which is equivalent to 2-dimensional topological gravity. I review the Schwinger--Dyson equations for the Kontsevich model as well as their explicit solution in genus zero. The relation between the Kontsevich model and the continuum limit of the hermitean one-matrix model is discussed.
1991-12-19
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
Yu.Makeenko
hep-th/9112051
Topological Matter in Two Dimensions
Topological quantum field theories containing matter fields are constructed by twisting $N=2$ supersymmetric quantum field theories. It is shown that $N=2$ chiral (antichiral) multiplets lead to topological sigma models while $N=2$ twisted chiral (twisted antichiral) multiplets lead to Landau-Ginzburg type topological quantum field theories. In addition, topological gravity in two dimensions is formulated using a gauge principle applied to the topological algebra which results after the twisting of $N=2$ supersymmetry.
1991-12-19
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
J.M.F. Labastida and P.M. Llatas
hep-th/9112054
Internal Frame Dragging and a Global Analog of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
It is shown that the breakdown of a {\it global} symmetry group to a discrete subgroup can lead to analogues of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. At sufficiently low momentum, the cross-section for scattering of a particle with nontrivial $\Z_2$ charge off a global vortex is almost equal to (but definitely different from) maximal Aharonov-Bohm scattering; the effect goes away at large momentum. The scattering of a spin-1/2 particle off a magnetic vortex provides an amusing experimentally realizable example.
1991-12-19
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
John March-Russell, John Preskill, and Frank Wilczek
hep-th/9112048
$O(N)$ Vector Field Theories in the Double Scaling Limit
$O(N)$ invariant vector models have been shown to possess non-trivial scaling large $N$ limits, at least perturbatively within the loop expansion, a property they share with matrix models of 2D quantum gravity. In contrast with matrix models, however, vector models can be solved in arbitrary dimensions. We present here the analysis of field theory vector models in $d$ dimensions and discuss the nature and form of the critical behaviour. The double scaling limit corresponds for $d>1$ to a situation where a bound state of the $N$-component fundamental vector field $\phi$, associated with the $\phi^2$ composite operator, becomes massless, while the field $\phi$ itself remains massive. The limiting model can be described by an effective local interaction for the corresponding $O(N)$ invariant field. It has a physical interpretation as describing the statistical properties of a class of branched polymers.\par It is hoped that the $O(N)$ vector models, which can be investigated in their most general form, can serve as a test ground for new ideas about the behaviour of 2D quantum gravity coupled with $d>1$ matter.
1991-12-19
2011-04-20
[ "hep-th" ]
J. Zinn-Justin
hep-th/9112055
A Conformal Field Theory Formalism from Integrable Hierarchies via the Kontsevich--Miwa Transform
We attempt a direct derivation of a conformal field theory description of 2D quantum gravity~+~matter from the formalism of integrable hierarchies subjected to Virasoro constraints. The construction is based on a generalization of the Kontsevich parametrization of the KP times by introducing Miwa parameters into it. The resulting Kontsevich--Miwa transform can be applied to the Virasoro constraints provided the Miwa parameters are related to the background charge $Q$ of the Virasoro generators on the hierarchy. We then recover the field content of the David-Distler-Kawai formalism, with the matter theory represented by a scalar with the background charge $Q_m=Q-{Q\over 2}$. In particular, the tau function is related to the correlator of a product of the `21' operators of the minimal model with central charge $d=1-3Q_m^2$.
1991-12-19
2010-12-01
[ "hep-th" ]
A.M.Semikhatov
hep-th/9112047
Abelian Landau--Ginzburg Orbifolds and Mirror Symmetry
We construct a class of Heterotic String vacua described by Landau--Ginzburg theories and consider orbifolds of these models with respect to abelian symmetries. For LG--vacua described by potentials in which at most three scaling fields are coupled we explicitly construct the chiral ring and discuss its diagonalization with respect to its most general abelian symmetry. For theories with couplings between at most two fields we present results of an explicit construction of the LG--potentials and their orbifolds. The emerging space of (2,2)--theories shows a remarkable mirror symmetry. It also contains a number of new three--generation models.
1991-12-18
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
M. Kreuzer, R. Schimmrigk, H. Skarke
hep-th/9112046
SDiff(2) KP hierarchy
An analogue of the KP hierarchy, the SDiff(2) KP hierarchy, related to the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms on a cylinder is proposed. An improved Lax formalism of the KP hierarchy is shown to give a prototype of this new hierarchy. Two important potentials, $S$ and $\tau$, are introduced. The latter is a counterpart of the tau function of the ordinary KP hierarchy. A Riemann-Hilbert problem relative to the group of area-diffeomorphisms gives a twistor theoretical description (nonlinear graviton construction) of general solutions. A special family of solutions related to topological minimal models are identified in the framework of the Riemann-Hilbert problem. Further, infinitesimal symmetries of the hierarchy are constructed. At the level of the tau function, these symmetries obey anomalous commutation relations, hence leads to a central extension of the algebra of infinitesimal area-preserving diffeomorphisms (or of the associated Poisson algebra).
1991-12-18
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th", "nlin.SI", "solv-int" ]
Kanehisa Takasaki and Takashi Takebe
hep-th/9112043
Quantum Conserved Charges and S-matrices in N=2 Supersymmetric Sine-Gordon Theory
We study the quantum conserved charges and S-matrices of N=2 supersymmetric sine-Gordon theory in the framework of perturbation theory formulated in N=2 superspace. The quantum affine algebras ${\widehat {sl_{q}(2)}}$ and super topological charges play important roles in determining the N=2 soliton structure and S-matrices of soliton-(anti)soliton as well as soliton-breather scattering.
1991-12-17
2008-11-26
[ "hep-th" ]
Ken-ichiro Kobayashi and Tsuneo Uematsu
hep-th/9112039
Topological Approach to Alice Electrodynamics
We analyze the unlocalized ``Cheshire charge'' carried by ``Alice strings.'' The magnetic charge on a string loop is carefully defined, and the transfer of magnetic charge from a monopole to a string loop is analyzed using global topological methods. A semiclassical theory of electric charge transfer is also described.
1991-12-17
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Martin Bucher, Hoi-Kwong Lo, and John Preskill
hep-th/9112038
Quantum Field Theory of Nonabelian Strings and Vortices
We develop an operator formalism for investigating the properties of nonabelian cosmic strings (and vortices) in quantum field theory. Operators are constructed that introduce classical string sources and that create dynamical string loops. The operator construction in lattice gauge theory is explicitly described, and correlation functions are computed in the strong--coupling and weak--coupling limits. These correlation functions are used to study the long--range interactions of nonabelian strings, taking account of charge--screening effects due to virtual particles. Among the phenomena investigated are the Aharonov--Bohm interactions of strings with charged particles, holonomy interactions between string loops, string entanglement, the transfer of ``Cheshire charge'' to a string loop, and domain wall decay via spontaneous string nucleation. We also analyze the Aharonov--Bohm interactions of magnetic monopoles with electric flux tubes in a confining gauge theory. We propose that the Aharonov--Bohm effect can be invoked to distinguish among various phases of a nonabelian gauge theory coupled to matter.
1991-12-17
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Mark Alford, Kai-Ming Lee, John March-Russell, and John Preskill
hep-th/9112045
Semiclassical Approach to Finite-N Matrix Models
We reformulate the zero-dimensional hermitean one-matrix model as a (nonlocal) collective field theory, for finite~$N$. The Jacobian arising by changing variables from matrix eigenvalues to their density distribution is treated {\it exactly\/}. The semiclassical loop expansion turns out {\it not\/} to coincide with the (topological) ${1\over N}$~expansion, because the classical background has a non-trivial $N$-dependence. We derive a simple integral equation for the classical eigenvalue density, which displays strong non-perturbative behavior around $N\!=\!\infty$. This leads to IR singularities in the large-$N$ expansion, but UV divergencies appear as well, despite remarkable cancellations among the Feynman diagrams. We evaluate the free energy at the two-loop level and discuss its regularization. A simple example serves to illustrate the problems and admits explicit comparison with orthogonal polynomial results.
1991-12-17
2010-11-01
[ "hep-th" ]
Olaf Lechtenfeld
hep-th/9112041
Area-Preserving Diffeomorphisms and Nonlinear Integrable Systems
Present state of the study of nonlinear ``integrable" systems related to the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms on various surfaces is overviewed. Roles of area-preserving diffeomorphisms in 4-d self-dual gravity are reviewed. Recent progress in new members of this family, the SDiff(2) KP and Toda hierarchies, is reported. The group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms on a cylinder plays a key role just as the infinite matrix group GL($\infty$) does in the ordinary KP and Toda lattice hierarchies. The notion of tau functions is also shown to persist in these hierarchies, and gives rise to a central extension of the corresponding Lie algebra.
1991-12-17
2008-02-03
[ "hep-th", "nlin.SI", "solv-int" ]
Kanehisa Takasaki
hep-th/9112042
SDiff(2) Toda equation -- hierarchy, $\tau$ function, and symmetries
A continuum limit of the Toda lattice field theory, called the SDiff(2) Toda equation, is shown to have a Lax formalism and an infinite hierarchy of higher flows. The Lax formalism is very similar to the case of the self-dual vacuum Einstein equation and its hyper-K\"ahler version, however now based upon a symplectic structure and the group SDiff(2) of area preserving diffeomorphisms on a cylinder $S^1 \times \R$. An analogue of the Toda lattice tau function is introduced. The existence of hidden SDiff(2) symmetries are derived from a Riemann-Hilbert problem in the SDiff(2) group. Symmetries of the tau function turn out to have commutator anomalies, hence give a representation of a central extension of the SDiff(2) algebra.
1991-12-17
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th", "nlin.SI", "solv-int" ]
Kanehisa Takasaki and Takashi Takebe
hep-th/9112044
$O(d,d)$-Covariant String Cosmology
The recently discovered $O(d,d)$ symmetry of the space of slowly varying cosmological string vacua in $d+1$ dimensions is shown to be preserved in the presence of bulk string matter. The existence of $O(d,d)$ conserved currents allows all the equations of string cosmology to be reduced to first-order differential equations. The perfect-fluid approximation is not $O(d,d)$-invariant, implying that stringy fluids possess in general a non-vanishing viscosity.
1991-12-17
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano
hep-th/9112040
On Detecting Discrete Cheshire Charge
We analyze the charges carried by loops of string in models with non-abelian local discrete symmetry. The charge on a loop has no localized source, but can be detected by means of the Aharonov--Bohm interaction of the loop with another string. We describe the process of charge detection, and the transfer of charge between point particles and string loops, in terms of gauge--invariant correlation functions.
1991-12-17
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Martin Bucher, Kai-Ming Lee, and John Preskill
hep-th/9112034
A Novel Chiral Boson
We introduce a new model describing a bosonic system with chiral properties. It consists of a free boson with two peculiar couplings to the background geometry which generalizes the Feigen-Fuchs-Dotsenko-Fateev construction. By choosing the two background charges of the model, it is possible to achieve any prefixed value of the left and right central charges and, in particular, obtain chiral bosonization. A supersymmetric version of the model is also given. We use the latter to identify the effective action induced by chiral superconformal matter.
1991-12-16
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Fiorenzo Bastianelli
hep-th/9112037
From polymers to quantum gravity: triple-scaling in rectangular matrix models
Rectangular $N\times M$ matrix models can be solved in several qualitatively distinct large $N$ limits, since two independent parameters govern the size of the matrix. Regarded as models of random surfaces, these matrix models interpolate between branched polymer behaviour and two-dimensional quantum gravity. We solve such models in a `triple-scaling' regime in this paper, with $N$ and $M$ becoming large independently. A correspondence between phase transitions and singularities of mappings from ${\bf R}^2$ to ${\bf R}^2$ is indicated. At different critical points, the scaling behavior is determined by: i) two decoupled ordinary differential equations; ii) an ordinary differential equation and a finite difference equation; or iii) two coupled partial differential equations. The Painlev\'e II equation arises (in conjunction with a difference equation) at a point associated with branched polymers. For critical points described by partial differential equations, there are dual weak-coupling/strong-coupling expansions. It is conjectured that the new physics is related to microscopic topology fluctuations.
1991-12-16
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Robert C. Myers and Vipul Periwal
hep-th/9112036
Ground ring for the 2D NSR string
We discuss the BSRT quantization of 2D $N=1$ supergravity coupled to superconformal matter with $\hat{c} \leq 1$ in the conformal gauge. The physical states are computed as BRST cohomology. In particular, we consider the ring structure and associated symmetry algebra for the 2D superstring ($\hat{c} = 1$).
1991-12-16
2009-09-11
[ "hep-th" ]
P. Bouwknegt, J. McCarthy and K. Pilch
hep-th/9112035
The Path Integral for a Particle in Curved Spaces and Weyl Anomalies
The computation of anomalies in quantum field theory may be carried out by evaluating path integral Jacobians, as first shown by Fujikawa. The evaluation of these Jacobians can be cast in the form of a quantum mechanical problem, whose solution has a path integral representation. For the case of Weyl anomalies, also called trace anomalies, one is immediately led to study the path integral for a particle moving in curved spaces. We analyze the latter in a manifestly covariant way and by making use of ghost fields. The introduction of the ghost fields allows us to represent the path integral measure in a form suitable for performing the perturbative expansion. We employ our method to compute the Hamiltonian associated with the evolution kernel given by the path integral with fixed boundary conditions, and use this result to evaluate the trace needed in field theoretic computation of Weyl anomalies in two dimensions.
1991-12-16
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Fiorenzo Bastianelli
hep-th/9112033
States of non-zero ghost number in $c<1$ matter coupled to 2d gravity
We study $c<1$ matter coupled to gravity in the Coulomb gas formalism using the double cohomology of the string BRST and Felder BRST charges. We find that states outside the primary conformal grid are related to the states of non-zero ghost number by means of descent equations given by the double cohomology. Some aspects of the Virasoro structure of the Liouville Fock space are studied. As a consequence, states of non-zero ghost number are easily constructed by ``solving'' these descent equations. This enables us to map ghost number conserving correlation functions involving non-zero ghost number states into those involving states outside the primary conformal grid.
1991-12-14
2010-11-01
[ "hep-th" ]
S. Govindarajan, T. Jayaraman, V. John and P. Majumdar
hep-th/9112030
Supersymmetric String Solitons
These notes are based on lectures given by C. Callan and J. Harvey at the 1991 Trieste Spring School on String Theory and Quantum Gravity. The subject is the construction of supersymmetric soliton solutions to superstring theory. A brief review of solitons and instantons in supersymmetric theories is presented. Yang-Mills instantons are then used to construct soliton solutions to heterotic string theory of various types. The structure of these solutions is discussed using low-energy field theory, sigma-model arguments, and in one case an exact construction of the underlying superconformal field theory.
1991-12-13
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
C.G.Callan Jr., J.A.Harvey and A.E.Strominger
hep-th/9112032
Multiple Crossover Phenomena and Scale Hopping in Two Dimensions
We study the renormalization group for nearly marginal perturbations of a minimal conformal field theory M_p with p >> 1. To leading order in perturbation theory, we find a unique one-parameter family of ``hopping trajectories'' that is characterized by a staircase-like renormalization group flow of the C-function and the anomalous dimensions and that is related to a recently solved factorizable scattering theory. We argue that this system is described by interactions of the form t phi_{(1,3)} - t' \phi_{(3,1)} . As a function of the relevant parameter t, it undergoes a phase transition with new critical exponents simultaneously governed by all fixed points M_p, M_{p-1}, ..., M_3. Integrable lattice models represent different phases of the same integrable system that are distinguished by the sign of the irrelevant parameter t'.
1991-12-13
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Michael Lassig
hep-th/9112031
From Here to Criticality: Renormalization Group Flow Between Two Conformal Field Theories
Using nonperturbative techniques, we study the renormalization group trajectory between two conformal field theories. Specifically, we investigate a perturbation of the A3 superconformal minimal model such that in the infrared limit the theory flows to the A2 model. The correlation functions in the topological sector of the theory are computed numerically along the trajectory, and these results are compared to the expected asymptotic behavior. Excellent agreement is found, and the characteristic features of the infrared theory, including the central charge and the normalized operator product expansion coefficients are obtained. We also review and discuss some aspects of the geometrical description of N=2 supersymmetric quantum field theories recently uncovered by S. Cecotti and C. Vafa.
1991-12-13
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
W.A. Leaf-Herrmann
hep-th/9112027
Special geometry, cubic polynomials and homogeneous quaternionic spaces
The existing classification of homogeneous quaternionic spaces is not complete. We study these spaces in the context of certain $N=2$ supergravity theories, where dimensional reduction induces a mapping between {\em special} real, K\"ahler and quaternionic spaces. The geometry of the real spaces is encoded in cubic polynomials, those of the K\"ahler and quaternionic manifolds in homogeneous holomorphic functions of second degree. We classify all cubic polynomials that have an invariance group that acts transitively on the real manifold. The corresponding K\"ahler and quaternionic manifolds are then homogeneous. We find that they lead to a well-defined subset of the normal quaternionic spaces classified by \Al\ (and the corresponding special K\"ahler spaces given by Cecotti), but there is a new class of rank-3 spaces of quaternionic dimension larger than 3. We also point out that some of the rank-4 \Al\ spaces were not fully specified and correspond to a finite variety of inequivalent spaces. A simpler version of the equation that underlies the classification of this paper also emerges in the context of $W_3$ algebras.
1991-12-12
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
B. de Wit and A. Van Proeyen
hep-th/9112028
N=2\ $W$-supergravity
We quantise the classical gauge theory of $N=2\ w_\infty$-supergravity and show how the underlying $N=2$ super-$w_\infty$ algebra gets deformed into an $N=2$ super-$W_\infty$ algebra. Both algebras contain the $N=2$ super-Virasoro algebra as a subalgebra. We discuss how one can extract from these results information about quantum $N=2\ W_N$-supergravity theories containing a finite number of higher-spin symmetries with superspin $s\le N$. As an example we discuss the case of quantum $N=2\ W_3$-supergravity.
1991-12-12
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
E. Bergshoeff and M. de Roo
hep-th/9112029
Three-Point Functions of Non-Unitary Minimal Matter Coupled to Gravity
The tree-level three-point correlation functions of local operators in the general $(p,q)$ minimal models coupled to gravity are calculated in the continuum approach. On one hand, the result agrees with the unitary series ($q=p+1$); and on the other hand, for $p=2, q=2k-1$, we find agreement with the one-matrix model results.
1991-12-12
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Debashis Ghoshal and Swapna Mahapatra
hep-th/9112026
Topological Kac-Moody Algebra and Wakimoto Representation
It is shown, using the Wakimoto representation, that the level zero SU(2) Kac-Moody conformal field theory is topological and can be obtained by twisting an N=2 superconformal theory. Expressions for the associated N=2 superconformal generators are written down and the Kac-Moody generators are shown to be BRST exact.
1991-12-11
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
Abbas Ali and Alok Kumar
hep-th/9112025
Aspects of W_\INFTY Symmetry
We review the structure of W_\infty algebras, their super and topological extensions, and their contractions down to (super) w_\infty. Emphasis is put on the field theoretic realisations of these algebras. We also review the structure of w_\infty and W_\infty gravities and comment on various applications of W_\infty symmetry.
1991-12-11
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
E. Sezgin
hep-th/9112024
Recursion relations in semirigid topological gravity
A field theoretical realization of topological gravity is discussed in the semirigid geometry context. In particular, its topological nature is given by the relation between deRham cohomology and equivariant BRST cohomology and the fact that all but one of the physical operators are BRST-exact. The puncture equation and the dilaton equation of pure topological gravity are reproduced, following reference \dil.
1991-12-10
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Eugene Wong (University of Pennsylvania)
hep-th/9112021
Puncture Operator in c=1 Liouville Gravity
We identify the puncture operator in c=1 Liouville gravity as the discrete state with spin J=1/2. The correlation functions involving this operator satisfy the recursion relation which is characteristic in topological gravity. We derive the recursion relation involving the puncture operator by the operator product expansion. Multiple point correlation functions are determined recursively from fewer point functions by this recursion relation.
1991-12-10
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
Yoshihisa Kitazawa
hep-th/9112023
String and Fivebrane Solitons: Singular or Non-singular?
We ask whether the recently discovered superstring and superfivebrane solutions of D=10 supergravity admit the interpretation of non-singular solitons even though, in the absence of Yang-Mills fields, they exhibit curvature singularities at the origin. We answer the question using a test probe/source approach, and find that the nature of the singularity is probe-dependent. If the test probe and source are both superstrings or both superfivebranes, one falls into the other in a finite proper time and the singularity is real, whereas if one is a superstring and the other a superfivebrane it takes an infinite proper time (the force is repulsive!) and the singularity is harmless. Black strings and fivebranes, on the other hand, always display real singularities.
1991-12-10
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lu
hep-th/9112022
New fusion rules and $\cR$-matrices for $SL(N)_q$ at roots of unity
We derive fusion rules for the composition of $q$-deformed classical representations (arising in tensor products of the fundamental representation) with semi-periodic representations of $SL(N)_q$ at roots of unity. We obtain full reducibility into semi-periodic representations. On the other hand, heterogeneous $\cR$-matrices which intertwine tensor products of periodic or semi-periodic representations with $q$-deformed classical representations are given. These $\cR$-matrices satisfy all the possible Yang Baxter equations with one another and, when they exist, with the $\cR$-matrices intertwining homogeneous tensor products of periodic or semi-periodic representations. This compatibility between these two kinds of representations has never been used in physical models.
1991-12-10
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th", "math.QA" ]
Daniel Arnaudon
hep-th/9112019
An Introduction to 2d Gravity and Solvable String Models
Continuum and discrete approaches to 2d gravity coupled to $c<1$ matter are reviewed.
1991-12-09
2008-02-06
[ "hep-th" ]
Emil Martinec
hep-th/9112018
Superloop Equations and Two Dimensional Supergravity
We propose a discrete model whose continuum limit reproduces the string susceptibility and the scaling dimensions of $(2,4m)$-minimal superconformal models coupled to $2D$-supergravity. The basic assumption in our presentation is a set of super-Virasoro constraints imposed on the partition function. We recover the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond sectors of the theory, and we are also able to evaluate all planar loop correlation functions in the continuum limit. We find evidence to identify the integrable hierarchy of non-linear equations describing the double scaling limit as a supersymmetric generalization of KP studied by Rabin.
1991-12-09
2015-06-26
[ "hep-th" ]
L. Alvarez-Gaume, H. Itoyama, J.L. Manes and A. Zadra
hep-th/9112017
Universality and Non-Perturbative Definitions of 2D Quantum Gravity from Matrix Models
The universality of the non-perturbative definition of Hermitian one-matrix models following the quantum, stochastic, or $d=1$-like stabilization is discussed in comparison with other procedures. We also present another alternative definition, which illustrates the need of new physical input for $d=0$ matrix models to make contact with 2D quantum gravity at the non-perturbative level.
1991-12-09
2010-11-01
[ "hep-th" ]
J. Luis Miramontes and Joaquin Sanchez Guillen
hep-th/9112020
Electromagnetic fields of a massless particle and the eikonal
Electromagnetic fields of a massless charged particle are described by a gauge potential that is almost everywhere pure gauge. Solution of quantum mechanical wave equations in the presence of such fields is therefore immediate and leads to a new derivation of the quantum electrodynamical eikonal approximation. The elctromagnetic action in the eikonal limit is localised on a contour in a two-dimensional Minkowski subspace of four-dimensional space-time. The exact S-matrix of this reduced theory coincides with the eikonal approximation, and represents the generalisatin to electrodynamics of the approach of 't Hooft and the Verlinde's to Planckian scattering.
1991-12-09
2016-04-20
[ "hep-th" ]
Roman Jackiw, Dan Kabat, Miguel Ortiz
hep-th/9112014
N=2 Superstrings with (1,2m) Spacetime Signature
We show that the $N=2$ superstring in $d=2D\ge6$ real dimensions, with criticality achieved by including background charges in the two real time directions, exhibits a ``coordinate-freezing'' phenomenon, whereby the momentum in one of the two time directions is constrained to take a specific value for each physical state. This effectively removes this time direction as a physical coordinate, leaving the theory with $(1,d-2)$ real spacetime signature. Norm calculations for low-lying physical states suggest that the theory is ghost free.
1991-12-06
2009-10-07
[ "hep-th" ]
H. Lu, C.N. Pope, X.J. Wang and K.W. Xu
hep-th/9112016
Virasoro Action and Virasoro Constraints on Integrable Hierarchies of the $r$-Matrix Type
For a large class of hierarchies of integrable equations admitting a classical $r-$matrix, we propose a construction for the Virasoro algebra actionon the Lax operators which commutes with the hierarchy flows. The construction relies on the existence of dressing transformations associated to the $r$-matrix and does not involve the notion of a tau function. The dressing-operator form of the Virasoro action gives the corresponding formulation of the Virasoro constraints on hierarchies of the $r-$matrix type. We apply the general construction to several examples which include KP, Toda and generalized KdV hierarchies, the latter both in scalar and the Drinfeld-Sokolov formalisms. We prove the consistency of Virasoro action on the scalar and matrix (Drinfeld-Sokolov) Lax operators, and make an observation on the difference in the form of string equations in the two formalisms.
1991-12-06
2007-05-23
[ "hep-th" ]
A.M.Semikhatov
hep-th/9112015
Model-Building for Fractional Superstrings
Fractional superstrings are recently-proposed generalizations of the traditional superstrings and heterotic strings. They have critical spacetime dimensions which are less than ten, and in this paper we investigate model-building for the heterotic versions of these new theories. We concentrate on the cases with critical spacetime dimensions four and six, and find that a correspondence can be drawn between the new fractional superstring models and a special subset of the traditional heterotic string models. This allows us to generate the partition functions of the new models, and demonstrate that their number is indeed relatively limited. It also appears that these strings have uniquely natural compactifications to lower dimensions. In particular, the fractional superstring with critical dimension six has a natural interpretation in four-dimensional spacetime.
1991-12-06
2009-10-22
[ "hep-th" ]
Keith R. Dienes (McGill University) and S.-H. Henry Tye (Cornell University)
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