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https://aviationdreamer.com/udan-2-0-ready-take-off/ | 2024-02-29T18:48:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474852.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229170737-20240229200737-00212.warc.gz | 0.925537 | 675 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__191949591 | en | UDAN 2.0 Ready for Take-Off Through Out the Country
UDAN 2.0 is an acronym for ‘Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik’. The government scheme for connecting all over the world it may be a small town or a big town. And remote regions on the country’s aviation map by subsidizing airlines for flying on select routes at a fixed fare. And that can be loosely translated to ‘Let the common man fly’.
The success of the first phase of RCS has rendered the path toward a smooth transition into UDAN 2.0. With an impetus to stimulate helicopters and small fixed-wing aircraft operations.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation promised to provide air connectivity to currently underserved and unserved airports. the MOCA launched UDAN regional connectivity scheme in October 2016. After the first round of successful bidding under RCS-UDAN. the MOCA launched the second round on August 24, 2017. To boost the mammoth growth of the country’s domestic aviation sector and to take flying to the common Indians. The government launched the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) with its unique and affordable flying strategy.
UDAN is an aviation program of the National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP). And this was released by the Ministry of Aviation, India, on June 15, 2016. The AAI followed a transparent bidding process by inviting interested bidders. And airline operators to submit their initial proposals under the provisions of RCS and subsequently invite counterproposals against such initial proposals. This was followed by the opening and scrutiny of technical bids. And subsequent financial bids, for initial proposals as well as counter-proposals.
UDAN 2.0 by the Ministry of Civil Aviation
The routes and networks were awarded to bidders who submitted valid proposals and quoted the lowest Viability Gap Funding (VGF) in the form of a subsidy from the government for such routes and networks. After the first initial bidding, five airlines won bids to operate on 128 routes that would connect 33 unserved and 12 underserved airports. Airline Allied Services Limited, SpiceJet Limited, Turbo Megha Airways Private Limited, Air Deccan and Air Odisha Aviation Private Limited were the five winning bidders.
Bidding Wars The Central Government has awarded contracts to 15 airliners to operate flights and chopper services on 325 new routes under the second phase of RCS. UDAN 2.0 saw contracts for the new routes being awarded to improve air connectivity to remote areas such as Kargil, Darbhanga, Pakyong, Cooch Behar, Jorhat, and Almora. With an increasing emphasis to cover priority areas, maintaining operational flexibility, and improving helicopter operations, UDAN 2.0 will connect 56 new airports and helipads to 36 existing aerodromes.
Know more about UDAN Program – Click here
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For more details, you can send me my youtube video or message me on my Facebook page. Also, you can comment below for getting a quick reply … | aerospace |
https://paragonde.com/industries/aerospace/ | 2020-10-26T09:28:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107891203.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026090458-20201026120458-00696.warc.gz | 0.916255 | 205 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__94567621 | en | Paragon designs and manufactures prototype to production tooling in aluminum, steel, invar and composites for simple to complex aerospace parts. Paragon designs and manufactures fixtures (trim & drill, inspection, assembly, etc.) as well. We excel in compression tooling for composite parts. Paragon also machines and CMM inspects composite and metal parts including titanium and inconel.
Paragon has experience in a wide range of aerospace and defense projects. Machining X-Frames, building tooling for wing tips, tools for Nacelle skins and a variety of other forms of parts are all in Paragon’s wheelhouse.
Need a large INVAR layup tool? Paragon is your source. Need a cast steel RTM mold, we know how to do that too. Does your project need a specialty heated mold, we are your experts. Even drilling and trimming carbon fiber parts are a specialty at Paragon.
You can count on the Paragon team for your next project. | aerospace |
http://readwatchwrite.com/trailer-the-martian/ | 2017-04-27T12:46:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122167.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00039-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.931294 | 226 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__64527867 | en | We do love our trailers here, so it’s always exciting when a new one is released and blows us away. Today, we’v got the full trailer for Ridley Scott’s The Martian…and it’s awesome.
Based on the novel of the same name by Andy Weir, The Martian finds a group of astronauts having to evacuate their mission on Mars due to an incoming mega-storm that’s sweeping across the planet’s surface. While they’re making their way off planet, however, the team’s botanist, Mark Watney (Matt Damon), gets hit by a piece of debris and is left for dead. Now, Watney must figure out how to survive on the barren Red Planet long enough for NASA to realize he is alive and get a rescue team to back to him.
And while anyone who has seen Interstellar, knows it’s always a risky proposition to rescue Matt Damon from an uninhabited planet, The Martian looks like it’s definitely worth risking it.
The Martian hits theaters on October 2nd. | aerospace |
https://space-companies.com/jsc-str-makeev/ | 2024-04-24T21:55:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819971.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424205851-20240424235851-00573.warc.gz | 0.913031 | 219 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__160575138 | en | JSC “STR Makeev”
Launch vehicle and spacecraft manufacturing
Launch vehicle and spacecraft manufacturer
country of registration:
JSC Makeyev Design Bureau is a Russian missile design company founded in 1947 and located in Miass. The enterprise is a lead developer of liquid and solid-propellant strategic missile systems and one of the largest design centers in Russia specializing in the development of rocket and space technologies.
In 2009 with the decree of the Russian president on the base of Makeev State Rocket Center it was formed the integrated structure which included JSC Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant, JSC Miass Machine-Building Plant, OJSC Scientific and Research Institute Germes, JSC Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant.
Now, the priority areas of the company are the development, production, and modernization of strategic missile systems, civil spacecraft and launch vehicles, and provision of launch services. | aerospace |
https://www.huewire.com/category/business/indian-b/page/184/ | 2019-10-18T12:27:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986682037.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20191018104351-20191018131851-00403.warc.gz | 0.779028 | 166 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__129513760 | en | IndiGo, the world’s largest customer for the Airbus 320/21 new engine option (Neo) aircraft, has opted for CFM engines over the snag-prone Pratt & Whitney (PW) engines for this plane. The low cost carrier has placed an order worth $20 billion for CFM’s LEAP-1A engines for 280 A320 and A321 Neo planes, making it the largest ever single engine order ever.
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https://glenn.osu.edu/kevin-cullen | 2023-06-07T01:21:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653501.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607010703-20230607040703-00347.warc.gz | 0.930264 | 494 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__23374 | en | Kevin P. Cullen, Colonel, US Air Force (Retired) is the Interim Executive Director of the Ohio State Battelle Center and also serves as the Assistant Vice Provost and Director for Military & Veterans Services supporting the 2,300+ military, veteran and family member students attending the university including the Naval, Army, Air Force and Space Force ROTC units.
Additionally, Kevin serves as a Professor of Practice in the John Glenn College of Public Affairs Battelle Center for Science, Engineering & Public Policy. Prior to his military retirement, he served as Department Chair for Aerospace Studies and the Commander of the Air Force ROTC Det 645.
Additionally, Kevin consults for Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory as a Senior Professional Staff Strategic Systems Analyst specializing in nuclear operations.
Kevin entered the Air Force in 1992 following his graduation from the United States Air Force Academy with a Bachelor of Science Degree. His military career includes numerous unit and staff positions, to include chief of nuclear security, detachment commander, squadron commander, branch chief, division chief, executive officer, group commander, field training unit commander, and wing commander as well as deployments to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq (twice) and Afghanistan.
Kevin earned a Master of Arts in Public Administration from Bowie State University and a Master of National Security Strategy from the National Defense University’s National War College. Additionally, he graduated from the US Air Force Squadron Officer School, the Defense Nuclear Weapons School, the Joint Special Operations University, the US Air Force Special Operations School, the US Air Force Air Command and Staff College, the US Army Command and General Staff College, the US Air Force Air War College, the US Air Force Safety and Accident Investigation Board President Course and the Center for Creative Leadership Development Program.
He serves on many boards, councils and committees including: National Veterans Leadership Foundation, Pat Tillman Foundation University Partner, Ohio State’s Suicide Prevention Advisory Board and MilVet Student Wellness Committee, Ohio Department of Higher Education Chancellor’s Military Strategic Implementation Team, Ohio Veterans Education Council, the Big 10 Veterans Council and the National Association of Naval ROTC Colleges and Universities.
This commentary is intended as an addendum and recent update to the original research article published in World Affairs, “The High Representative in Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Unusual Institutional Arrangement of a Non-Authoritarian, yet Controlled, Democracy” | aerospace |
https://vwreviews.us/read/jet-engine-efficiency-vs-temperature | 2019-07-16T02:44:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195524475.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190716015213-20190716041213-00317.warc.gz | 0.911805 | 764 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__177374137 | en | Jet Engine Efficiency Vs Temperature - Jet engine efficiency temperature | 2018, 2019, 2020, Jet engine efficiency vs temperature - thermal efficiency engines epi, ., equation 2. this tool is also an important yardstick for comparing the performance of one engine to another and for evaluating the reasonableness of performance claims.. an excellent bsfc for a well-developed, 4-stroke naturally-aspirated, high-performance liquid-cooled engine at 100% power is in the neighborhood of 0.44 – 0.45.. 3.7 brayton cycle - massachusetts institute technology, figure 3.24 shows the expression. Why jet engines fuel efficiency high, Thermal efficiency. at cruise altitude tamb is only 220 k (-53.15°c or -63.7°f), and the same fuel flow relative to air flow will lift the maximum temperature only to 1320 k (in reality even less; for a more precise reasoning see below). now the thermal efficiency is 83.33%! if the maximum temperature is maintained,. Which jet engines highest thermal efficiency, 2 answers. since then ge claimed on the 28th of april 2016, a world record for thermal efficiency, with 62.22%, for a combined cycle plant, in france. ge state that it normally takes about a decade to gain 1% in efficiency. the high thermal efficiency is significantly due to operating at a very high temperature.. Jet engines - stanford computer science, Inside the typical commercial jet engine, the fuel burns in the combustion chamber at up to 2000 degrees celsius. the temperature at which metals in this part of the engine start to melt is 1300 degrees celsius, so advanced cooling techniques must be used.. 11.6 performance jet engines - mit, 11. 6 performance of jet engines. in chapter 3 we represented a gas turbine engine using a brayton cycle and derived expressions for efficiency and work as functions of the temperature at various points in the cycle. in this section we will perform further ideal cycle analysis to express the thrust and fuel efficiency of engines in terms of. Does engine efficiency increases temperature , It sounds like you are talking about intake air temperature. as with all things engine efficiency related, this depends on target specific torque output (aka load, or intake air density). if you don’t know what this means, think of it in terms of. Jet engine performance - wikipedia, A husk plot is a concise way of summarizing the performance of a jet engine. the following sections describe how the plot is generated and can be used. thrust/sfc loops. specific fuel consumption (i.e. sfc), defined as fuel flow/net thrust, is an important parameter reflecting the overall thermal (or fuel) efficiency of an engine.. Thermal efficiency - princeton university, Carnot efficiency of an engine is to increase , the temperature at which the heat is added to the engine. the efficiency of ordinary heat engines also generally increases with operating temperature, and advanced structural materials that allow engines to operate at higher temperatures is an active area of research.. Jet engine - wikipedia, In addition to propulsive efficiency, another factor is cycle efficiency; a jet engine is a form of heat engine. heat engine efficiency is determined by the ratio of temperatures reached in the engine to that exhausted at the nozzle. this has improved constantly over time as new materials have been introduced to allow higher maximum cycle temperatures..
Jet engine efficiency vs temperature 2018, 2019, 2020 → Why do jet engines get better fuel efficiency at high → Which jet engines have the highest thermal efficiency → Jet engines stanford computer science → 11.6 performance of jet engines mit → Does engine efficiency increases as temperature of → Jet engine performance wikipedia → Thermal efficiency princeton university → Jet engine wikipedia → | aerospace |
https://www.dualdove.com/asteroid-impact-event-could-happen-this-weekend-as-a-massive-space-rock-heads-towards-earth/7445/ | 2020-10-21T04:08:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107875980.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021035155-20201021065155-00435.warc.gz | 0.949656 | 448 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__148615399 | en | A possibly dangerous space rock that’s large enough to start a nuclear winter or mass destruction events on our planet was identified. The asteroid will intersect Earth’s route on Saturday. According to the information gathered by NASA, the approaching asteroid is more massive than the highest human-made building or formation in the world.
NASA’s CNEOS (Center for Near-Earth Object Studies) has discovered the latest asteroid as 163373 (2002 PZ39). As registered in CNEOS’ records, this cosmic feature is currently moving close to our planet at a speed of approximately 34,000 miles/hour.
Also, CNEOS measured that 163373 (2002 PZ39) is almost 3,250 feet, making it much bigger than the Burj Dubai, known as the highest building worldwide. According to such details, 163373 (2002 PZ39) will be the most magnificent space object to get close to Earth this month.
The 163373 (2002 PZ39) space rock was identified as a dangerous asteroid
CNEOS indicated that 163373 (2002 PZ39) is an Apollo asteroid. Such a thing means that this type of cosmic feature approaches Earth’s way around the Sun from time to time. Due to its hazardous orbit and large dimension, it was labeled as a PHA (Potentially Hazardous Asteroid).
“Potentially Hazardous Asteroids are currently defined based on parameters that measure the asteroid’s potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth,” stated NASA. As 163373 (2002 PZ39) goes on an Earth-crossing orbit, it could crash our planet every time it approaches us. If the cosmic feature hits with Earth, the consequences would be massive.
NASA and other space agencies have talked about such possibilities and warned that kilometer-sized space objects could harm our planet a lot. It would kill millions at its first blast. Then, because of its size, the energy from its eruption would be enough to start a global nuclear winter. The harsh environmental transformations triggered by the space object’s blast could also lead to mass destruction of various species. | aerospace |
https://spartacus-educational.com/FWWhavilland.htm | 2023-02-05T13:59:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00040.warc.gz | 0.976383 | 590 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__61982325 | en | Geoffrey De Havilland, the son of a clergyman, was born in Haslemere, Surrey, in 1882. As a young man he designed and built steam cars and motorcycles. With a £1,000 gift from his grandfather, De Havilland began work on his first plane in 1908. Completed in early 1910, its only flight took place at Crux Easton. With De Havilland at the controls, the plane crashed after flying only 100 feet. De Havilland continued with the project and his second aircraft, the FE-1, was purchased by the British War Office.
In 1911 De Havilland worked on a new plane for the Royal Aircraft Factory. The BE-2 flew for the first time in January, 1912. Soon afterwards, the BE-2 set a new British one-passenger altitude record of 10,560 feet (3,912 m). On the outbreak of the First World War, the BE-2 was the standard military aircraft employed by the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). The design of the plane was constantly being revised and during the war there were five different versions.
De Havilland's next aircraft was the Airco DH-2. Despite a lack of speed and an unreliable engine, the DH-2 was more manageable than German Fokker E- types and helped to establish allied air supremacy over Germany during the Battle of the Somme.
De Havilland designed the Airco DH-4 in 1916 as a single-engined bomber and was so impressive in trials that it went into immediate production. The first of these aircraft were delivered to the Royal Flying Corps in March 1917. The pilot sat beneath the centre of the wing, with the gunner behind. The Airco DH-4 was easy to fly, could travel at over 100 mph and had a high ceiling of 23,500 feet (7,163 m) and was considered the best single-engineered bomber of the First World War.
In 1920 he established the De Havilland Aircraft Company and produced a series of light transport aircraft and the Moth series of private planes, including the highly successful Tiger Moth. In 1934 De Havilland's Comet won the England to Australia air race.
On the outbreak of the Second World War, De Havilland the Mosquito fighter-bomber. The all-wood Mosquito was at first rejected by the Air Ministry, but went into service in September, 1941. Faster than the Spitfire, the Mosquito could out-fly virtually anything in the air.
Knighted in 1944, De Havilland designed and built the Comet in 1949, the world's first jet-driven airliner to enter commercial service. In 1961 De Havilland's company became part of the Hawker-Siddeley organisation. Geoffrey De Havilland died in 1965. | aerospace |
https://www.elon.edu/u/news/2021/09/27/school-of-communications-to-host-elon-drone-day-on-nov-8/ | 2023-03-29T09:59:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948965.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329085436-20230329115436-00712.warc.gz | 0.933408 | 880 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__176973480 | en | The free, public daylong event will center around safety practices and feature FAA safety officials, aviation leaders, drone delivery specialists and video storytellers, among others.
The rapid growth of the drone industry is undeniable, with the drone services market size expected to increase to $63.6 billion by 2025. As more drones take to the sky for commercial and recreational purposes, a bevy of questions regarding regulations, safety and overall use remain.
To address these topics and other trends in the drone industry, the School of Communications will host Elon Drone Day, a daylong program on Monday, Nov. 8. The event is free and open to recreational and commercial pilots, educators, students and other members of the community interested in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS).
According to Senior Lecturer Randy Piland, who is organizing the event, Elon Drone Day’s overarching objective is to promote safe practices when flying drones. The program will feature conversations with FAA safety officials, North Carolina Department of Transportation aviation leaders, drone delivery specialists, video storytellers and other experts. In addition to on-site panels and lectures, there will be displays and activities for those in attendance, with a drone demonstration in the afternoon.
“Elon Drone Day aims to provide a platform to help share knowledge within the drone community on how to fly safely by following the FAA guidelines,” said Piland, who has promoted drones and related safety regulations for the past five years. “Elon is a perfect place to discuss drone industry use openly,” he added, noting the university’s journalism and cinema programs, as well as other disciplines such as engineering, earth sciences and computer programming. “This event is open to anyone curious about how to consider drone use in their professions.”
Piland said NCDOT has been a great partner in organizing the day’s programming and activities as part of its commitment to innovation and safety. TC Freeman, an aviation safety specialist I with the NCDOT Division of Aviation, described the event as a “boon for the leaders of the next generation and a great way to help us ensure people are operating drones safely and responsibly.” He said the department “jumped on the opportunity” to collaborate with FAA and other industry partners to engage the community and university students about drone safety and the future of the industry.
While there is no cost to attend Elon Drone Day, registration is required. For more information and to register, visit the School of Communications’ website. The Nov. 8 event will be held in Turner Theatre and Dwight C. Schar Hall, located in Elon’s School of Communications.
The day’s program kicks off with a 7:45 a.m. check in at Dwight C. Schar Hall, followed by an 8:20 a.m. conversation titled “Remote ID, Night Operations & Flight Over People.” FAA speakers will include Dan Kelly, a FAASTeam program manager; Tim Haley a maintenance inspector and FAASTeam member; and Tim Camlin, an aviation safety tech.
Beginning at 9:40 a.m., TC Freeman, an aviation safety specialist with NCDOT, and Elon Senior Lecturer Randy Piland will lead a conversation titled “The TRUST Program & the need for a Part 107 certification.”
A panel discussion will follow at 10:50 a.m. examining autonomous flight, drone delivery, how drones can assist in the public safety sector and what legal concerns pilots should know. Panelists will include Paul Rossi, COO and chief pilot of 910 Drones; Yancy King, director with Alamance County Emergency Management; Josh Warshofsky, a visual storyteller with Vertograph; Tom Walls, a UAS technical trainer and chief pilot with NCDOT; and Bruce Brandon, an aviation attorney and retired airline captain with Aviation Barristers.
Following a break for lunch, the event will conclude with a flight demonstration led by Part 107 pilots at 1:15 p.m.
For more information about Elon Drone Day, visit bit.ly/ElonDroneDay, or contact Senior Lecturer Randy Piland at (336) 278-5232 or email@example.com. | aerospace |
https://defence247gr.com/how-much-does-a-pilot-in-the-air-force/ | 2024-03-02T19:36:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475897.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302184020-20240302214020-00345.warc.gz | 0.949046 | 1,954 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__4057153 | en | How much does a Pilot make at U.S. Air Force in the United States? Average U.S. Air Force Pilot yearly pay in the United States is approximately $83,452, which is 34% above the national average.
What is the highest pilot salary
In the May 2021 report, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the range of salaries for airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers from less than $100,110 a year, to the highest 10 percent earning more than $208,000.
What is a fighter pilot salary
The average Fighter Pilot salary is $97,514 as of , but the salary range typically falls between $86,137 and $109,581. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.
How many Air Force One pilots are there
The wing employs 80 pilots and 89 flight attendants who are handpicked for this mission from the greater Air Force pool.
Do Air Force pilots get paid well
An Air Force pilot salary depends on the pilot’s rank and how long they’ve been in the military. An entry-level officer with three years of experience earns about $47,000 annually, as of 2017. A top-ranking colonel with three years of experience earns about $92,000 annually.
What’s the highest paying job in the military?
- Aircraft Launch and Recovery Officers.
- Armored Assault Vehicle Officers.
- Artillery and Missile Officers.
- Command and Control Center Officers.
- Infantry Officers.
- Special Forces Officers.
- Military Officer Special and Tactical Operations Leaders.
- Medical, Pharmacy, and Dental Services.
Can a pilot be Millionaire
Pilots have high salaries that can reach up to $7 million. Find out how! Due to the constant high demand for pilots and their rising salaries, the aviation industry is a great option for your future career.
Who is the world’s best pilot?
Charles Yeager was a former fighter pilot and officer in the United States Air Force. Yeager is widely regarded as the best pilot in the world, with a vast list of achievements to support that claim. He was the first pilot ever to travel faster than the speed of sound, attaining Mach 1..
How many hours do pilots work
Airline pilots fly an average of 75 hours per month and work an additional 150 hours per month performing other duties, such as checking weather conditions and preparing flight plans. Pilots have variable work schedules that may include several days of work followed by some days off.
How much do astronauts get paid
Astronauts who work for civilian agencies like NASA earn a base salary of $104,898 per year. However, their salaries can increase to $161,141 per year. Furthermore, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that he would be willing to pay his astronauts up to $500,000 for a trip to Mars.
How much do Navy Seals make?
Salary Ranges for Navy Seals
The salaries of Navy Seals in the US range from $15,929 to $424,998 , with a median salary of $76,394 . The middle 57% of Navy Seals makes between $76,394 and $192,310, with the top 86% making $424,998.
Do pilots make a million a year
Established airline pilots are paid very well, with the annual earnings of senior captains around $400,000, some pilots can expect a nine million dollar career in total earnings, illustrated below according to the typical career progression.
Does Air Force 1 fly with fighter jets
The Air Force usually does not have fighter aircraft escort the presidential aircraft over the United States but it has occurred. The first instance came during the state funeral of John F.
Does Air Force 1 have a shower
Not only does it have three levels and a whopping 4,000 square feet of floor space, but the president can enjoy an extensive suite that includes a large office, gym, bathroom (with shower) and conference room.
Can Air Force One shoot missiles
Among other things, the plane is outfitted with electronic counter measures (ECM) to jam enemy radar. The plane can also eject flares to throw heat-seeking missiles off course.
Do military pilots make a lot of money
A military pilot salary can range considerably, but if you’re looking to go into the field, you might find it important to know that most military pilots get paid an average of between $80,000 to $85,000 per year. There’s more to it than that, however.
Is Air Force pilot a good career
Being an Air Force pilot is a dynamic, challenging, but highly rewarding role with excellent career opportunities.
How much does an Air Force pilot make an hour
As of , the average annual pay for an Air Force Pilot Officer in the United States is $68,319 a year. Just in case you need a simple salary calculator, that works out to be approximately $32.85 an hour. This is the equivalent of $1,313/week or $5,693/month.
Who is the highest paid soldier
The highest-paid military job is a general or admiral.
Generals and admirals average approximately $197,000 regardless of the branch of the military. These high-paying salaries are quite plush compared to the roughly $20,000 a year that a private earns.
Do you get paid after 20 years in the military
Mid-career retention bonuses. A monthly annuity for life after 20 years of service. The annuity is based on a calculation of 2% per year served. The legacy retirement annuity is based on 2 ½% per year served.
Is there any billionaire pilot
Jared Isaacman (born ) is an American entrepreneur, pilot, philanthropist, and commercial astronaut. He is the founder, CEO of Draken International, a private air force provider and Shift4 Payments, a payment processor. As of September 2022, his estimated net worth is US$1.5 billion.
Can a pilot make 500k?
However, some Southwest pilots earn as much as $549,000. Similarly, United Airlines pilots earn an average of $205,000. The average Delta Airlines pilot earns $192,000 with top-earners making $526,000.
Is pilot a stressful career
Being a pilot can be stressful at times. It requires immense concentration, quick decision-making, and a lot of patience. A pilot is responsible for the well-being of all crew members and passengers on board, and they sometimes have to fly under unpredictable conditions.
Are Greeks the best pilots in the world?
The enthusiasm over the skills of Greek pilots is not unjustified given they are considered among the best pilots in the world and regularly come on top in international competitions.
Who is the deadliest pilot
1. Erich “Bubi” Hartmann. Erich Hartmann is the most successful fighter pilot of all times – with 352 kills. A number that will never be surpassed.
Can Tom Cruise fly a jet?
It’s not just a stunt for Top Gun: Cruise is actually an experienced pilot who’s been in possession of a professional license since 1994. In an interview with James Corden, Cruise mentioned that he has a flying license for several types of aeroplane, including fighter jets and commercial flights.
Do pilots get family time
In terms of actual days, some publications say most short-haul pilots will either travel home every day if possible or work for five days and then spend three or four days at home. Long-haul pilots are said to spend more time away from home, although they do get 10 to 15 days off per month to see their families.
Do pilots go home every night
Do pilots go home every night? Flight instructors and pilots who fly short-haul domestic flights are able to be home every night more or less; however, airline pilots who fly longer routes are unable to go home every night and can be away from home for up to two weeks at a time.
Do pilots get days off
We average 11-14 days off per month and most pilots will fly several weekends and most holidays unless you are senior. This usually means four 4-day trips (for me) with 2-4 days off between trips. Some senior pilots can get weekends off and choose to only fly 60-70 hours with 16-17 days off.
Do astronauts pay taxes
The US taxes based on citizenship, meaning that all Americans have to file US taxes, regardless of whether they are in the US or not, or even if they’re ‘off-planet’.
How long is 1 hour in space
Explanation: The clocks in space tick more slowly than clocks on Earth., HENCE COVERING LESS TIME AS COMPARED TO EARTH IN THE SAME DURATION. One hour on Earth is 0.0026 seconds in space. Thus, upon calculation we find that one hour on Earth is equivalent to seven years in space.
How much did Neil Armstrong get paid to go to the moon
At the time of the Apollo 11 flight in 1969, Neil Armstrong was paid a salary of $27,401 and was the highest paid of the flying astronauts, according to the Boston Herald. That translates to $190,6 dollars. | aerospace |
http://arizona.usarunforthefallen.org/maj-troy-l-gilbert/ | 2021-06-25T01:18:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488560777.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624233218-20210625023218-00425.warc.gz | 0.968173 | 719 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__112670241 | en | MAJ. TROY L. GILBERT
Hometown / City: STEPHENS, TX
Date of Death: Friday, December 1, 2006
Conflict: Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq)
Branch: U.S. Air Force
Unit: 309TH FIGHTER SQUADRON, LUKE AFB, AZ
Birth: Feb. 19, 1972
Death: Nov. 27, 2006, Iraq
CANNON AIR FORCE BASE, N.M. (AP) - The missing pilot of an F-16 from Cannon Air Force Base that crashed in Iraq earlier this week has been identified as Maj. Troy Gilbert, a 1993 Texas Tech graduate who was assigned to the 309th Fighter Squadron at Luke Air Force Base in Phoenix.
The military classified Gilbert, 34, as "whereabouts unknown" Wednesday.
Lt. Gen. Gary North, commander of the U.S. Central Command Air Forces, said Wednesday that a priority would be identifying the human remains found at the crash site.
Gilbert graduated from Tech with a bachelor's degree in economics, according to Luke AFB officials.
U.S. forces investigating the crash have said insurgents reached the site before American forces. Videotape pictures obtained by Associated Press Television News appear to show the wreckage of the F-16CG jet in the farm field where it crashed Monday and the remains of a U.S. serviceman with a tangled parachute nearby.
The jet crashed about 20 miles northwest of Baghdad while supporting ground combat by coalition forces in Anbar province, where many of Iraq's insurgent groups operate, the Air Combat Command said.
DNA samples were taken from the scene and would be tested at a military medical facility in the United States, the central command said.
Cannon had said earlier that the pilot was not from the eastern New Mexico base.
The 524th Fighter Squadron, part of the 27th Fighter Wing from Cannon, has been operating from Balad Air Base in Iraq since being deployed in September. Gilbert was deployed to the 332nd Expeditionary Wing at Balad Air Base.
Cannon officials confirmed markings from the base were apparent on news photos and television images that showed sections of the single-pilot aircraft.
An Iraqi witness reported seeing the jet flying erratically before it crashed. A U.S. military spokesman in Iraq said he doubted the plane was shot down because F-16s fly very fast and have not encountered weapons in Iraq capable of taking them down.
The cause of the crash is under investigation.
Air Force spokeswoman Susan Stout said the Air Force has been in contact with family members in the Phoenix area. A man who answered the phone Wednesday at a number listed under Gilbert's name said the family has no comment and referred members of the media to the Air Force's public affairs office.
Gilbert's family later released a statement through the Air Force, although details about his immediate family were unavailable.
"Troy was first and foremost a wonderful husband and father. His Christian faith, personal values and work ethic guided his personal life and his career as a military officer," the statement said. "He was highly respected by and deeply loved by so many. At the time of the tragedy during combat operations, he was unselfishly protecting the lives of other American military members. We, his family, cherish the worldwide prayers and support during this extremely difficult time."
(Avalanche-Journal staff contributed to this report.)
Arlington National Cemetery
Plot: SECTION 60 SITE 8520 | aerospace |
https://www.gasworld.com/isro-satellite-powered-by-cryogenic-engine/2009775.article | 2019-02-17T01:29:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247481428.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217010854-20190217032854-00034.warc.gz | 0.905405 | 414 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__198164722 | en | By Jagdish Kumar2016-01-08T10:35:00+00:00
India’s space network agency, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has unveiled its heaviest rocket, capable of carrying satellites weighing 10 tonnes into space.
The rocket will be powered by semi-cryogenic engine being built by Godrej Aerospace, a private firm engaged in hi-tech aerospace manufacturing activities.
The proposed new rocket would be powered by a semi-cryogenic engine that runs on kerosene and liquid oxygen, which the space agency is currently developing. S. Somanath, Project Director of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mark III, said that ISRO currently uses a CE-20 engine to power the upper stage of GSLV.
The CE-20 engine is a cryogenic rocket engine being developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, a subsidiary of ISRO. Using the semi-cryogenic engine in such a combination, the payload of the rocket will increase to 10 tonnes.
The space agency has not set a deadline by when the rocket will be ready for use, but it is estimated that a fully-fledged rocket with a communication satellite will be launched in 2017.
Cryogenic engineering and equipment manufacturer INOXCVA will be providing cryogenics technologies along with associated equipment and project management for the upcoming FLNG terminal of LNG BHARAT, within the breakwaters of the Krishnapatnam Port on the east coast of India.
Month on month the gasworld website continues to be the primary portal for information, on a global scale, about our industry - be it through the provision of news and features, or information in the expansive company directory section. Launched in 2004, it is the only independent online news provider and information portal for the global industrial gas community and the larger end-user markets. The website also now incorporates news for gasworld US and Specialty Gas Report.
To find out more about gasworld's advertising opportunities click here. | aerospace |
https://www.bigtecz.com/idrss-satellites-to-fluency-team-communication-launch-gaganyaan-mission-by-isro/ | 2022-06-29T07:12:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103624904.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629054527-20220629084527-00305.warc.gz | 0.935484 | 563 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__121189286 | en | The Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS) will be the nation’s very own, continuous space transmission system to astronauts.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has published that it tries to launch its satellite partners for space communication purposes, called the Indian Data Relay Satellite System (IDRSS).
Quoting ISRO chief Dr. K Sivan, a statement by The Hindu states that IDRSS is previously being operated on and will be crucial in managing communication with the astronaut crew and ground mission command at any provided point, when manned space missions.
India is set to embark upon its first-ever manned space mission including Gaganyaan in 2022, and Sivan has declared that IDRSS will be compelling to the mission.
The two satellites, which will be disposed of in phases, are previously doing run on by ISRO.
According to sources, the first of the two satellites will be started into low-Earth orbit at the end of 2020, leading off the unmanned Gaganyaan test flight that will additionally carry a humanoid dummy onboard, laden with sensors.
The second satellite will be launched in 2021 before the manned mission is begun upon in 2022.
Sivan stated on this topic that while IDRSS will be a critical element of Gaganyaan, he ideally wants this first of the two satellites deployed and running leading of also the first trials, to have lots of experiment spaceflight time — something that is equal parts critical and time-consuming.
India is not an anomaly in fixing up its space travel communication system. The USA now owns a three-satellite communication fleet in space, identified as Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS).
Russia, another space major, previously has a 10-satellite communication system, recognized as Satellite Data Relay Network (SDRN).
The European Space Agency (ESA) also has the European Data Relay System (EDRS), while China too manages its Tianlian space communications infrastructure. With IDRSS, India will join the elite company as it follows the unexplored limit in the years to come.
IDRSS will be important in the permanent monitoring of India’s spaceflights, which will be especially valuable to do with Gaganyaan since it will affect human life onboard.
The only choice is to arrange up ground controller stations all beyond the Earth, but even that happens with substantial obstacles and roadblocks.
The satellite communications setup, while, will help ISRO’s ground control room to regularly watch the space team and communicate with them at each given point of time and can be managed in both low orbit missions and more faraway missions such as those to the moon, Mars and beyond. | aerospace |
http://dev.null.org/blog/item/200504051629_gmaps | 2022-08-12T05:25:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00206.warc.gz | 0.891521 | 120 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__76565049 | en | The Null Device
Google Maps + satellite
Compulsively draggable click-toy Google Maps
has added satellite imagery to its site; you can now switch between line-art maps and satellite photographs, all zoomable. Some regions don't have satellite imagery at the highest resolution.
Interestingly enough, while the maps are still North America-only, you can drag the satellite view to anywhere in the world; most parts of the world don't let you zoom in to any level that shows signs of habitation though.
There are no comments yet on "Google Maps + satellite" | aerospace |
https://te.wizzsim.com/news/fs-news/469-wings-over-flanders-field-dev-update.html | 2020-11-28T01:14:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194982.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128011115-20201128041115-00231.warc.gz | 0.957797 | 380 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__155922313 | en | WOFF 2020 Dev update: Here are some pictures of the new massively updated scenery. Of course the main western front regions have different scenery, but also areas outside of there have been updated.
WWI brought the dawn of combat aviation - have you ever wondered what life was like for a World War One airman flying those early dawn of flight dangerous aircraft over the front lines? Would you like to experience the fear, the excitement and the desperate fight for survival on your PC? Look no further Wings Over Flanders Fields - the most immersive WWI ఫ్లైట్ సిమ్యులేటర్ .
The new features are so many now, and the list has not been internally updated for a few weeks, but here are a few meaty items ...
- Collision damage physics and effects associated with ground objects, scenery objects, terrain, and other aircraft overhauled and new effects implemented and or revised.
- Progressive damage now modelled for main wings - AI and Player which means if you have wing tip damage you had better get out of the action soon, perhaps the wing will begin to fail...
- All aircraft range/durations adjusted to be as near to actual as possible.
- E2b can now fight more as a fighter it has new code to allow this specific case.
- Implemented a new mission replay function
I mentioned the scenery is totally massively overhauled including much better blending and more, so we will have more on that later... Sorry for the lack of న్యూస్ updates, we are just knee-deep in working on the update! | aerospace |
https://www.speedguide.net/news/amazon-to-ramp-up-manufacturing-of-project-kuiper-7930 | 2023-12-01T17:22:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00783.warc.gz | 0.904019 | 241 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__10447863 | en | Amazon to ramp up manufacturing of Project Kuiper satellites2022-10-27 17:40 by Daniela
Tags: Amazon, Project Kuiper
Amazon says it'll open a 172,000-square-foot production facility in Kirkland, Wash., to manufacture thousands of satellites for its Project Kuiper broadband internet constellation.
"The new facility will create more than 200 highly skilled aerospace and manufacturing jobs in the Puget Sound region and provide the scale required to build as many as four satellites per day," the company added.
Unveiled in 2019, Project Kuiper, is Amazon's plan to build a network of 3,236 satellites in low Earth orbit to provide high-speed broadband internet. Amazon notched a key milestone in 2020 when the Federal Communications Commission authorized the satellite internet system.
Amazon already has a 219,000-square-foot facility for Project Kuiper in Redmond, Washington, that's devoted to research and development. But the company needs more room to scale up production for Project Kuiper, which entails operating thousands of satellites in Earth's orbit to beam high-speed internet to customers on the ground.
Read more -here- | aerospace |
http://cfdintl.com/airbus_h145_oms/ | 2024-03-01T20:28:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475701.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301193300-20240301223300-00597.warc.gz | 0.905373 | 72 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__199400163 | en | Hover over image to zoom
Pinch to zoom
The Airbus H145 OMS installs rapidly without aircraft modification. The customer can install the system and be ready to fly hours after removing it from the crate. This eliminates aircraft integration cost, hassle and down-time. The aircraft can execute its mission, and then be rapidly reconfigured for another mission. | aerospace |
http://waltonso.org/page/48/ | 2016-05-31T07:46:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464051196108.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524005316-00215-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.905439 | 354 | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-22__0__53643915 | en | The Aviation Unit consists of one (1) pilot and one (1) tactical flight officer. These deputies spend countless hours training both day and night to help keep the citizens and visitors of Walton County safe. Utilizing an upgraded Army OH-58 helicopter, the unit missions include: aerial support, reconnaissance, search and rescue, fugitive apprehension, domestic marijuana eradication and disaster/emergency management assessments.
The helicopter is currently outfitted with the latest in thermal imaging technology, GPS, and moving map systems. Equipped with a forward looking infra-red (FLIR) system, the aircraft is able to detect the slightest heat signatures while conducting aerial searches from higher, safer altitudes. The aircraft is furnished with a 15-inch touch screen flat panel monitor, a six-inch flat panel monitor, night sun spotlight, Avelex moving map system, and Garmin GPS system, allowing the pilot and tactical flight officer to safely complete missions.
The Aviation Unit is not a full-time active unit and is on a call-out only basis. These deputies are assigned to other specialty units within the Walton County Sheriff's Office. It is because of their commitment, dedication, and diligence that make the Aviation Unit an essential and integral part of this agency and to the citizens of Walton County.
The Aviation Unit flew over 47
mission hours in 2013 to include fugitive apprehension, training exercises, domestic marijuana eradication, and other calls for service.
Total missions for year 2013: 28
2013 Aviation Unit Highlights:
- Search and Rescue 3 flights
- Maintenance 3
- Static Display/Public Relations 7 flights
- Marijuana Eradication 6 flights
- Other Agency Assists 4 flights
- Suspect searches 3 flights
- Storm Prep 2 incidents | aerospace |
http://www.smashwords.com/books/tags/airborne_controller | 2013-05-21T06:26:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699730479/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102210-00051-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.862577 | 135 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__105991911 | en | Mosquitoes to Wolves: The Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller - T-6, F-4, C-47, A-10, T-28, B-26, A-19, O-1, O-2, OV-10, F-100 Aircraft by Progressive Management
Price: $7.99 USD. 84840 words.
Published on June 22, 2012. .
Comparable to twentieth century cavalry, early forward air controllers (FAC) probed, observed, and reported enemy activity. Flying rickety, underpowered, and unarmed aircraft, they operated on the leading edge of ground combat. | aerospace |
http://carynschulenberg.com/tag/apollo-1/ | 2021-09-23T08:47:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057417.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923074537-20210923104537-00083.warc.gz | 0.976666 | 710 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__259493098 | en | The NASA Space Program had suffered relatively few losses during it’s many years of existence, but when something happens, it is felt around the world. Like a plane crash, it hits everyone very hard. What I find very strange is the fact that NASA’s three tragedies that brought about loss of life, while years apart, all took place within a week’s time of each other. All three of these losses were very different in how they happened. The January 27, 1967 fire on the launch pad that took the lives of Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Edward White II, Roger Chaffee in a routine ground test of the capsule that would later become Apollo 1 was a fire started by an electrical spark. The fire engulfed their high-pressurized, pure-oxygen cabin, and the astronauts suffocated. There was no emergency release on the door. They couldn’t get out. The Challenger, was lost on the 28th of January, 1986. It blew up during launch because an O-ring failed when the fuel tanks were stirred, killing all seven of the astronauts, and leaving the nation in mourning at the loss of Francis “Dick” Scobee, Ron McNair, Mike Smith, Ellison Onizuka, Judy Resnik, Greg Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe.
The third NASA loss took place on February 1, 2003, and this one happened on re-entry into our atmosphere. The damage that caused the demise of the Space Shuttle Columbia happened during the launch, when a piece of foam insulation broke off and damaged the leading edge of the wing. When the shuttle re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere, the wind and heat entered the wing and blew it apart, because the heat-resistant tiles covering the left wing’s leading edge had been damaged or were missing. Pieces of the shuttle began raining down across Texas, as well as the bodies of the astronauts. This loss was very different than the others, in that is was a much less controlled situation. The prior losses could be cordoned off and kept out of the public view, but the way that Columbia was damaged, far above the Earth, causing it to rain down over such a large area, made it impossible to control, and consequently, people were coming across bodies and debris. I can’t imagine anything worse, because these were our beloved astronauts, and this was such an undignified end. It was heart wrenching for everyone in this nation. We will always remember Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Michael Anderson, Kalpana Chawla, David Brown, Laurel Clark and Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon.
With the end of the space shuttle portion of the NASA program, the future of our nation’s work in space seems to be in question. It is hard for me to imagine going from the Space Shuttle, with the amazing ability to land like an airplane, back to a rocket. The new Orion rocket is designed to go further that any other spacecraft, and the astronauts are used to living in space for six months at a time, so the possibilities are endless, and only time will tell. With each loss come a new wisdom and increased knowledge about the things that make our astronauts unsafe, and what things can keep them safe on their journeys into the unknown. Today, however, is a day to remember NASA’s lost ones on the twelfth anniversary of the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia. | aerospace |
https://indielessons.com/producthunt/musk-on-mars/ | 2023-02-05T15:00:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00624.warc.gz | 0.958068 | 86 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__279419165 | en | Bad Unicorn launched Musk On Mars in September, 2020. Visitors could bet on the day that they thought Elon Musk would actually land on Mars. The person who picked correctly would keep the pot.
9 months later, it had 187 upvotes.
He also shared more about the Product Hunt launch.
Reserve any day in the future for $1. If Elon Musk lands on Mars that day, you keep the pot! | aerospace |
https://evolution5.co.uk/sector/aviation/ | 2024-04-12T15:30:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816024.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412132154-20240412162154-00384.warc.gz | 0.94292 | 151 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__23003323 | en | A good understanding of the aviation industry enables us to make sure that your project is delivered safely in these complex environments. We have developed robust procedures to ensure our consultants meet the quality standards, specific operating procedures, security measures, and safety needs of our clients on every airport project.
Evolution5 is relatively new to the aviation sector, although we have now delivered more than 15 projects over the past couple of years. Working within highly regulated environments, we have delivered airside and landside projects for aviation clients.
Our qualified and experienced consultants are experts at managing complex projects and stakeholder relationships that exist in the aviation projects. They meet security clearance requirements and can assist you deliver an excellent end product, achieving the outline business case and specific key performance objectives. | aerospace |
https://localdronepilotsdirect.org/some-considerations-for-new-drone-enthusiasts/ | 2019-12-08T19:34:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540514475.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20191208174645-20191208202645-00331.warc.gz | 0.956952 | 1,216 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__167639186 | en | New to drones? Or interested in making drones a hobby? Maybe you’re pursuing a career that involves the use of drones. Whether you’re interested in equipping your drone with a camera for stunning aerial pictures and footage, trying to be the Usain Bolt of drone racing, or just want to casually zip around the summer sky, there are some things you should consider before taking your new drone out for a spin. This quick guide will give you tips and reminders to ensure that you’re using your drone in a fun but safe and legal manner.
Using your drone safely and responsibly
Safety is important when operating your drone. Potential accidents to yourself and others around you can often be avoided when safety guidelines are followed. You will want to carefully read the directions provided by the manufacturer before operating your drone. Once you’ve fully read the directions and completely understand them, it’s time for your maiden voyage. You will want to pick an open location, ideally a rural area where there are no pedestrians, homes, or vehicles. You will want to keep your drone in sight at all times and avoid areas with trees or other objects that may obstruct your view during flight. It is the drone operator’s responsibility to avoid collisions.
It is also important to check your drone between flights to make sure everything is where it should be. If you notice your drone is flying a bit differently, whether it be pulling to one side or the other, or seems more difficult to control, you should stop flying, land your drone, and examine it for any loose or damaged parts. It is a good idea to plan your drone flight ahead of time; have a general route you plan to take and stick to that route. Start off with simple routes until you feel comfortable and gradually increase the complexity of your routes. If you know a more experienced drone pilot, it would be a good idea to consult with them for tips.
Using Your Drone Legally and Ethically
Drones can be a great way to have fun, but it’s important to use them legally. Aside from following safety guidelines, there are also laws in place to ensure pilots are operating their drones safely. Laws may vary from region to region, but in the UK they are typically as follows:
- Keep your drone within your line of sight at all times.
- Maximum height for a drone cannot exceed 400ft(122m).
- Your drone must remain 500m from you horizontally.
- You must avoid aircraft, helicopters, airfields, and airports.
- If your drone has a camera attached, you must remain 50m from any persons or property not owned by the drone operator.
- Drones with cameras must remain 150m away from any large group of people, such as concerts or sporting events.
- You are liable for any damage cause by your drone.
- You cannot fly your drone at night.
Law violation committed by a drone pilot with his or her drone is a criminal offense. Violation of drone laws can result in a prison term. No-fly zones are important to be aware of. There may be restricted areas in your region that you cannot operate your drone in. The UK Air Navigation Order has deemed these ‘no-fly zones’ for various reasons. No-fly zones are often military bases, controlled airspace for airports, or privately owned property.
It is sometimes possible for a drone operator to contact a property owner and receive permission to fly their drone over their property. Other restricted areas may include prisons or nuclear facilities. It is important to know and follow the laws your region has set in place for drone use. Many drones are capable of exceeding the limits of the laws set in place.
With the increasing popularity of cameras on drones, it may be tempting to use the camera as the main means of sight for your drone. While flying your drone, using a first person point of view via camera can be fun; it is important to remember you must keep direct visual sight on your drone at all times. It is very easy to get distracted with the first-person view the camera offers and lose direct visual sight of your drone.
Drone racing is another hobby that may be very fun but can lead to law violations if precautions are not taken. It is possible to get a spotter, which is another person who maintains direct visual sight of your drone for you. This practice is mainly used by intermediate drone users who prefer to use the first person view their drone camera can offer.
Drones in the workplace
With the boom in drone technology, popularity, and ease of access, many individuals and companies are incorporating drones into the workplace. While drones can be extremely useful and convenient, there are some laws that must be followed to ensure drones are used safely and ethically. While recreational drone use requires no permit, commercial use of drones does. You must get permission to do any sort of paid work with your drone. The permit must be renewed annually and is acquired from the CAA (Civil Aviation Authority). To get a Permission for Aerial Work permit, you will need to show an understanding of aviation theory, and pass a flight test. You will also need to demonstrate which basic procedures you wish to conduct with your drone(s), and incorporate these procedures into a manual.
While the myriad uses of drones for commercial work are vast and ever-growing, the largest use has been photography. Drones have become an invaluable tool for filmmakers and photographers as they are much cheaper than helicopters and other manned aircrafts, while offering the same advantages. Other examples of drones in a professional setting include: wildlife study, sports photography, and even food delivery.
The world of drones is a diverse and exciting new frontier that is certain to have a huge impact on our future. It’s important to remember that with the convenience and excitement these machines bring, there are also potential dangers. Following safety guidelines and laws are crucial to the safety of ourselves and others. | aerospace |
https://www.seattleworldcruiser.org/june-10th | 2019-10-20T11:02:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986707990.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20191020105426-20191020132926-00161.warc.gz | 0.977833 | 191 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__25422424 | en | World Flight flies to Haiphong
The World Flight will stay in Haiphong overnight and leave for Tourane in the morning if the weather is good.
by Lt. L. H. Smith, Commanding
This morning, the flight left Hongkong at 11:15 a.m., following the coast to the northern edge of Luichow Peninsula where it crossed over land for 30 miles and again picked up the coast staying close to the mainland until it reached Haiphong. The weather was excellent during the entire flight, the second time since leaving Seattle; the Yellow Sea crossing being the first. At Haiphong, a landing was made in the river at 6:41 p.m., where excellent arrangements had been made by the Vacuum [Standard] Oil Company and a United States Destroyer. This was the first landing in French Territory and the flight was received at a large reception given by the French Governor of that district. | aerospace |
https://www.eyeofdubai.ae/news/details/saudia-technic-successfully-upgrades-the-first-suites-in-boeing-b777-aircraft-with-the-support-of-saudi-talent | 2024-04-21T14:55:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00874.warc.gz | 0.948413 | 532 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__17931957 | en | Saudia Technic, a subsidiary of Saudia Group, has initiated a project to enhance the First Suites of its Boeing 777 aircraft fleet, exclusively designated for long-haul and direct Saudia flights. The company has successfully upgraded the First Suites of aircraft HZ-AK37 with plans to upgrade the remaining nine aircraft of the same model in the near future. This development aligns with the latest advancements and innovations in the field of aircraft maintenance, geared towards enhancing operational quality and elevating the travel experience for guests.
A team of highly skilled Saudi engineers and cabin maintenance technicians at Saudia Technic led a collaborative initiative with Seat Air Systems to enhance the First Suites. Following the successful procurement and approval of all necessary materials, a state-of-the-art workshop has been established at the company's headquarters at King Abdulaziz International Airport, Jeddah. This workshop is fully equipped with advanced facilities and tools to support the seamless execution of the required modifications and assembly processes. The development was carried out under the supervision of inspectors from regulatory authorities who oversaw the issuance of required permits.
The procedures included changing the mechanism for securing and operating the First Suite cabin doors by adding an additional latch and increasing the number of movable paths to allow smooth and steady door movement. Additionally, an advanced, high-quality metal gear system was installed horizontally to mitigate any potential impact caused by the door's weight. These technical measures have resulted in the reduction in the aircraft's overall weight and enhanced efficiency, which significantly contribute to reducing operational costs.
His Excellency Engr. Ibrahim Al-Omar, Director General of the Saudia Group, highlighted that one of the key features of the new era of the Group is the localization of the aviation industry. This includes all maintenance, development, and technical manufacturing operations within the Kingdom and regionally through Saudia Technic, employing qualified and highly skilled Saudi talent.
The successful upgrade of the First Suite for Saudia’s Boeing 777 has been completed while adhering to international standards. This achievement has enabled Saudia to obtain the necessary accreditation and licenses from the General Authority of Civil Aviation and the Federal Aviation Administration to further develop and upgrade the remaining aircraft within the fleet.
In the framework of its new era, Saudia Group is diligently working towards increasing and developing the local content. This multifaceted approach includes several strategies, with a particular focus on the localization of the aviation industry. This effort earns substantial importance, considering the high level of trust vested in Saudia Technic by global manufacturers for the execution of various forms of aircraft maintenance on both civilian and military levels. | aerospace |
https://keckobservatory.org/scientist_from_uh_helps_nasa_get_photos_of_wild_2/ | 2024-02-28T18:13:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474744.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228175828-20240228205828-00801.warc.gz | 0.958811 | 509 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__118405723 | en | MAUNA KEA, Hawaii (April 6th, 2004) A University of Hawaii astronomer’s observations with the Keck telescope on Mauna Kea enabled the NASA spacecraft Stardust to get closer to comet Wild 2 than it planned in a Jan. 2 flyby.
As a result, images of the comet are among the best ever recorded, astronomers said.
The Stardust was able to take images of the comet with its camera and do navigation, but the pictures could provide only two of three dimensions, said Dave Tholen of the Hawaii Institute for Astronomy.
“One thing they didn’t have a very good handle on was the third dimension—basically the direction in which the spacecraft was traveling—so they could accurately determine how far the spacecraft would go from the planet,” he said.
They needed images from a ground-based telescope to help calculate when they were going to pass the comet at the closest approach, he said.
On Dec. 18, 19 and 20, at NASA’s request, Tholen used the Keck telescope to get images of the comet, which was behind the sun.
“There was a very narrow window of two weeks before the Jan. 2 encounter when the comet was visible very, very low in the sky during the morning twilight,” he said.
He said he pointed the Keck telescope 5 degrees above the horizon and, with the weather cooperating, took about 50 observations over three nights.
“They were absolutely crucial for helping the navigation team say exactly when the encounter was going to occur.”
As a result, he said, the science team decided to take a more aggressive imaging sequence, every 10 seconds.
The Keck images also showed the comet was less active than predicted so the team decided to try for a closer approach, he said.
The targeted approach of 186 miles was changed to 155 miles, and the spacecraft got within 145 miles of the comet’s nucleus, he said.
Don Brownlee of the University of Washington, principal investigator for the mission, said on a Jet Propulsion Laboratory Web site that the spacecraft obtained the highest-resolution images ever taken of a comet’s nucleus.
Wild 2 is the most active planetary surface in the Earth’s solar system other than the sun, Brownlee said, “jetting dust and gas streams into space and leaving a trail millions of kilometers long.”
By Helen Altonn | aerospace |
https://www.windowonphuket.com/news/811/goair-commences-phuket-operations | 2019-06-19T11:22:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998959.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619103826-20190619125826-00230.warc.gz | 0.947307 | 491 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__78564924 | en | Phuket, October 11th, 2018: GoAir, one of India's fastest growing airlines, who had recently announced Phuket as its first international destination, today landed its first ever direct flight into Phuket from New Delhi. The new international schedule introduces direct flights connecting Phuket to India — Mumbai and New Delhi
The launch was initiated with the customary lamp lighting ceremony followed by ribbon-cutting. Flight G8 31 was given a ceremonial flag off on arrival with 182 passengers which departed from New Delhi on its maiden flight to the Phuket International Airport, Phuket. In sync with the aviation tradition to mark key milestones, the flight was welcomed with a grand water cannon salute upon its arrival at the Phuket Airport. Passengers were pleasantly surprised with gifts and a personal reception by GoAir at the Phuket airport.
Commenting on the launch of their international operations, Mr. Arjun Dasgupta, Vice President -international. GoAir said, "As Phuket is a popular destination, we are delighted to be responding to the growing demand for tourist and business travel with the first addition to the international route network. On the other hand, India has a significant base for business and tourism and we look forward to extending our hospitality to our passengers in this new phase of growth."
General Manager of Phuket International Airport, Mr. Thanee Chuangchoo said, "It is heartening to witness a direct connectivity between Phuket and India. Today, GoAir commenced its first ever direct flight service from India to Phuket. Phuket International Airport welcomes the passengers from India and extend all the support to the airline. We believe the new services offered by GoAir will greatly contribute to the growth of tourism of Thailand. We look forward to working together with GoAir towards our goal of establishing Phuket International Airport as the Gateway to Thailand."
Tickets for the new flights can be booked through the company website, www.GoAir.in or online travel portals, GoAir Call Centre, airport ticketing offices, through travel agents and the GoAir mobile app that is available on both Apple iOS and Google Android. HKT airport: [email protected] BKKTown- [email protected] / [email protected] Tel.: HKT Phone: 076-349 956 BKK Phone: 02-236-9300 / 02-635-1765 | aerospace |
https://www.fs2000.org/2014/12/01/fsx-alpha-mig-25-foxbat-update/ | 2022-08-08T18:40:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00687.warc.gz | 0.932421 | 105 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__21204176 | en | FSX – Alpha Mig 25 Foxbat complete package. This is an update for FSX of the Alpha Mig 25 Foxbat. This is my second update for the aircraft. While flying it, I noticed that it would not slow down properly from high speed to cruise speed or below. I have fixed that, changed the smoke effects, and made minor changes to the panel. This is the whole aircraft, you don’t need any other update for this to work.
By Bob Chicilo | aerospace |
https://www.begadistrictnews.com.au/story/8524107/australian-tech-start-up-receives-3m-for-aerial-firefighting/ | 2024-04-24T18:40:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819847.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424174709-20240424204709-00560.warc.gz | 0.966173 | 810 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__112142111 | en | An Australian tech start-up will take its flying car project, fit it with a huge tank and convert it into a long-range, zero emissions firefighting machine using a $3 million federal government research grant.
AMSL Aero, based out of Bankstown airport in Sydney's west, already has test-flown a tethered prototype of its Vertiia aircraft as a proof of concept and is now preparing a remote-piloted version which it says can be adapted for fire-fighting. The latest $3 million grant comes after a $5.43 million funding boost from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency last year.
The company is combining with the University of Sydney, experienced aerial firefighting specialist Pay's Air Service and robotics company Mission Systems to develop remote-piloted VTOLs which can carry 500kg of water or fire retardant deep into a fireground and attack critical areas and ignition points.
It's a high-tech skew on traditional waterbombing methodology and one which AMSL Aero chief executive Max York says has the potential to change up bushfire fighting practices by having a number of these VTOLS "swarming" over a target area and dropping water very precisely, without putting pilots and crew at risk.
"Aerial firefighting is dangerous work and it's only going to get more dangerous as our warming climate brings intense heat waves and fast-moving wildfires," he said.
"Our solution is to develop a remote piloted VTOL which combines the virtues of an aircraft and a helicopter and has a flying range of 1000kms so it can operate at low cost across a fire front for longer, and which removes that danger to pilots and crew."
Three US crew members were killed when their large air tanker crashed near Adaminaby, in NSW, during the devastating Black Summer bushfires of 2019-2020, and there were reports of several "close calls" involving other types of firefighting aircraft due to pilot fatigue, intense smoke, and mechanical issues.
While VTOL aircraft are under development all around the world, Mr York said the key AMSL Aero point of difference was that it was working on a hybrid hydrogen-fuelled battery-electric solution which boasts much greater range than the battery-only alternatives which need lengthy periods of time on the ground to recharge.
"We believe we've cracked the code on this," he said.
"Because we use liquid hydrogen which is very dense and light weight, our aircraft recharges its batteries in flight using fuel cells. We're on the ground five per cent of the time instead of 50 per cent of the time like the battery versions.
"It only takes 10 minutes to refuel with liquid hydrogen but the challenge of course, is to get that fuel to those refuelling points.
"But when you have a very long range as we do, you can fly somewhere, pick up some fuel at the end of the day, and then you are ready to go again, fighting fires, the next day."
The Vertiia has eight variable pitch rotors mounted in pairs across four control surfaces, with a central compartment which can be adapted for multiple uses including passengers, cargo, or a mixture of both. On the remote control fire-fighting version, it's expected a huge water or retardant tank would be tailored to fit the compartment.
While several Australian companies have already provided seed money for the AMSL Aero program, Mr York said the federal grant will accelerate their aircraft into autonomous testing. As the project grows, there is an opportunity for other Australian companies to become key component suppliers.
Federal Science and Industry Minister Ed Husic said climate change was "making bushfires more extreme and more damaging, so it's really important we find better ways of fighting them and that's what this $3 million investment is all about".
"This is Aussie knowhow being used on the frontline to protect lives and homes, which will always be something the Albanese government takes extremely seriously." | aerospace |
http://lakeelmoleader.com/2018/02/15/the-trump-administration-wants-to-privatize-the/ | 2018-02-17T19:44:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891807660.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180217185905-20180217205905-00383.warc.gz | 0.957034 | 1,017 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__134672703 | en | Government in turmoil as Barnaby Joyce slams 'inept' Malcolm Turnbull
Another federal appeals court strikes down Trump 'travel ban'
Democrats flip House District 72 in upset victory
Bill and Melinda Gates take on the "tough questions" about their foundation
Tillerson, Erdogan meet amid heightened strain over Operation Olive Branch
The Trump administration wants to privatize the International Space Station
15 February 2018, 07:09 | Kara Nash
Sergey Savostyanov TASS
The station is a joint project of several space-faring nations, and NASA has contracted with private companies, like Boeing and SpaceX, to reach it in recent years.
The ISS is not exclusively a Nasa project - Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada are all involved, as are several private companies.
NASA has spent close to $100 billion on the orbiting outpost since the 1990s.
Private companies have made it clear that they are not yet prepared to be fully involved with the station by the time USA funding ends in 2024.
The space station now is authorized through 2024 and while many at NASA believe the outpost's lifetime could be extended at least another four years to 2028, no such decisions have been made by the United States and its worldwide partners - Russia, the European Space Agency, Canada and Japan.
"We're building capability for the eventual human exploration of deep space and the moon is a stepping stone", NASA's acting chief financial officer Andrew Hunter said in a Monday news conference. "We look forward to working together with the Administration and Congress to preserve American leadership in space with the resources to match". Congress earlier this month passed a spending package that set limits through the end of the next budget year. Donald Trump signed this new directive in the presence of astronaut Jack Schmitt, who had participated in this last human mission on the Moon. The president also plans to end education programs in the space agency.
Less clear is how such a plan would be coordinated with the station's global partners.
NASA also supplies the lion's share of the station's electrical power through four huge sets of solar arrays and operates the four massive gyroscopes used to maintain the station's orientation as required without using rocket thrusters.
Auto Expo 2018: Tata Tiago, Tigor JTP revealed The company showcased the concept e-SURVIVOR targeting it to take to the electric transition taking place in the country. India's automobile market is now the world's 5th largest, with almost 3.8 million vehicles sold per year.
And the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, which represents companies like Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin, said defunding the station before 2028 "would not allow sufficient time" for a private sector transition.
And SpaceX and Boeing are each developing spacecrafts to send astronauts to and from the space station.
The government has cited higher priorities at the US space agency for backing the cancellation.
Putting $150 million toward commercial development for the space station would be a "great indication" the administration is confident in what the private sector can do, CSF executive director Tommy Sanford told CNN.
The International Space Station is seen in an undated NASA handout picture, June 10, 2015. No company would accept the liabilities and risks associated with the station, he said, if the sprawling complex went out of control and came crashing down.
"In short, we are once again on a path to return to the Moon with an eye toward Mars".
The station has allowed global crews - notably in collaboration with the Canadian, European and Japanese space agencies - to pursue scientific research in the environment of a low Earth orbit.
NASA in 2022 hopes to launch the first portion of a small station to be placed in orbit around the moon.
Policeman killed, two wounded in Georgia shooting
Corley's brother Wade asked for prayers for the officers' families and said he felt lucky his brother was not more seriously hurt. But while trying to serve the warrant, an altercation broke out, according to the sheriff, and all three officers were shot.
Treasury bond yield spike spooks stock market bulls
Analysts are attributing this fall to rising global bond yields, which have unsettled investors and central banks the world over. Stocks closed lower Wednesday, but not before swinging wildly to sharply higher and lower levels, as interest rates rose.
Israel, Iran and the war for Syria
He continued to put Syria on warning that Israel will immediately annihilate any threat in the skies - as it has done before. The Israeli planes were met with a barrage of missiles fired by Syria , one of which hit an F-16 jet that had a crew of two.
Oxfam sex scandal: Sacked staff found new aid job in Bangladesh
However, the minister said Oxfam did "absolutely the wrong thing" by not reporting the detail of the incidents to the government. Meanwhile, Oxfam is facing further allegations, reported in the Observer , that its staff used prostitutes in Chad in 2006. | aerospace |
http://www.greencarcongress.com/aviation/index.html | 2013-12-08T16:50:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163066444/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131746-00094-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.91075 | 5,916 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__63428615 | en | [Due to the increasing size of the archives, each topic page now contains only the prior 365 days of content. Access to older stories is now solely through the Monthly Archive pages or the site search function.]
Amyris and Total form joint venture to produce and market renewable diesel and jet fuel
December 05, 2013
Amyris, Inc. and Total have formed Total Amyris BioSolutions B.V., a 50-50 joint venture that now holds exclusive rights and a license under Amyris’s intellectual property to produce and market renewable diesel and jet fuel from Amyris’s renewable farnesene. (Earlier post.) Total is Amyris’ largest investor, holding approximately 18% of its outstanding common stock, and is committed to the development of next-generation renewable fuels from biomass.
Amyris’ synthetic biology platform enables the modification of the genetic pathways of microorganisms, primarily yeast, to turn them into living factories to produce target molecules via fermentation. The primary biological pathway within the microbe Amyris currently uses to produce target molecules is the isoprenoid pathway.
Shell develops lead-free aviation gasoline
December 04, 2013
Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Shell is the first major oil company to do so. The new lead-free formulation comes after 10 years of R&D, as well as successful initial testing, carried out in the last two months by two original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
Avgas is one of the last common transportation fuels—and the only fuel in the US—to contain the additive tetraethyl lead (TEL); avgas is used by light aircraft and helicopters. (Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.) Avgas includes lead in its formulation to meet fuel specifications, to boost combustion performance, and to prevent knock.
NASA, Boeing finish tests of 757 vertical tail with active flow control technology
November 15, 2013
|The full-sized test tail modified and equipped with sweeping jet actuators. (Image credit: NASA Ames Research Center) Click to enlarge.|
NASA’s Ames Research Center and NASA’s Langley Research Center, in partnership with The Boeing Co., have completed wind tunnel testing of a full-scale Boeing 757 vertical tail model equipped with active flow control (AFC) technology. The project is one of eight large-scale integrated technology demonstrations that are part of NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project. (Earlier post.)
Active flow control involves the manipulation of a flow field—through the addition of energy—to improve the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft structure. Active flow control can enable the design of simpler, smaller and more aerodynamically efficient structures that help reduce aircraft weight, drag, and fuel consumption.
GE Aviation signs 10-year supply agreement for biomass FT jet fuel for engine testing; baseline of 500,000 gallons per year
November 07, 2013
|Schematic of the DG Energy facility that will produce the cellulosic synthetic jet fuel. Click to enlarge.|
GE Aviation, which consumes more than 10 million gallons of jet fuel annually at its engine testing centers, has signed an agreement to purchase cellulosic synthetic biofuel from The D’Arcinoff Group (DG), based in Washington, DC, to be used for production and development testing of GE jet engines, starting in 2016.
The 10-year agreement calls for GE’s baseline commitment of 500,000 gallons annually of the low-emissions jet fuel to be used at the company’s main jet engine testing facility in Peebles, Ohio. Options are in place to order up to 10 million gallons annually of the synthetic biofuel, which be be produced via the gasification of biomass to produce syngas, followed by Fischer-Tropsch conversion.
Amyris to enter partnership to supply renewable jet fuel from sugar to GOL Airlines
October 23, 2013
|An overview of the direct sugar to hydrocarbon (DSHC) process for the production of renewable jet fuel. Source: Amyris. Click to enlarge.|
Renewable fuels and chemicals company Amyris, Inc. and GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S.A., the largest low-cost and low-fare airline in Latin America, signed a memorandum of understanding that could pave the way for GOL commercial flights to use Amyris renewable jet fuel in 2014. The anticipated partnership was announced during the first commercial flight with a renewable jet fuel in Brazil by the airline earlier today.
Under the memorandum of understanding, GOL and Amyris will work together to establish a framework for bringing Amyris renewable jet fuel produced from Brazilian sugarcane (direct sugar to hydrocarbon pathway, DSHC) to GOL’s commercial flights following regulatory approvals and validation by standard-setting bodies, including ASTM International and Brazil’s Oil, Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP).
FAA launches new Center of Excellence for alternative jet fuels; $40M in funding over 10 years
September 13, 2013
The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has selected a team of universities to lead a new Air Transportation Center of Excellence (COE) for alternative jet fuels and the environment. Led by Washington State University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the COE will explore ways to meet the environmental and energy goals that are part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen).
Core team partners include Boston University; Oregon State University; Purdue University; the University of Dayton; the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; the University of Pennsylvania; the University of Washington; Missouri University of Science and Technology; Georgia Institute of Technology; Pennsylvania State University; Stanford University; the University of Hawaii; the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and the University of Tennessee.
ICCT report assesses domestic fuel efficiency performance of US airlines for 2010; Alaska Airlines on top, Allegiant on the bottom
September 10, 2013
|Relative fuel efficiency for the domestic operations of the 15 largest US airlines in 2010 across each carrier’s entire network (higher score means greater efficiency). Zeinali et al. Click to enlarge.|
The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), a nonprofit research organization based in Washington, DC, released a report assessing and comparing the fuel efficiency of airlines serving the US domestic market in 2010. The study is the first to quantify that performance gap using publicly available data and accounting for differences in business operations across airlines.
The analysis compares the efficiency of all airlines independent of size, network structure, or type of service using fuel-consumption data reported annually by the airlines to the US Bureau of Transportation Statistics. It employs a new methodology, developed by a team of researchers (Zou et al.) at FAA’s National Center of Excellence for Aviation Operations Research (NEXTOR) at the University of California, Berkeley, to evaluate an airline’s fuel efficiency relative to both the mobility (straight-line passenger miles between origin and destination) and access (airports served and/or flight frequency) it provides.
NRL researchers optimizing two-step process for synthesis of jet-fuel-range hydrocarbons from CO2
September 09, 2013
Researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) are investigating an optimized two-step process for the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons in the jet fuel range from CO2 and hydrogen. The process, reported in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels, could leverage a recently reported process, also developed by NRL, to recover CO2 from sea water.
CO2 is 140 times more concentrated in seawater than in air on a weight per volume basis (g/mL), the authors note. With scaling and optimization of this CO2 recovery technology already underway, NRL researchers and others are working on new and improved catalysts for the conversion of CO2to useful hydrocarbons.
DOE and Air Force issue RFI on Mil-Spec jet fuel production using coal-to-liquid technologies
September 05, 2013
The US Department of Energy (DOE) in partnership with the US Air Force has issued a request for information (RFI)—DE-FOA-0000981—on research & development aimed at greenhouse gas emissions reductions and cost competitiveness of Mil-Spec jet fuel production using coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuel technologies.
The DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), on behalf of the US Air Force, intends to issue a funding opportunity announcement (FOA) in 2013 that would solicit for the most promising research and development projects on advanced concepts for and/or unit operations within a CTL fuels plant; the areas of interest may be developed based in part on the responses to the RFI. The DOE and US Air Force anticipate the need for projects of no less than $3 million and that would have duration of not more than 3 years.
New FOX method estimates black carbon emissions from civil aviation ~2.7 times higher than standard estimates
August 26, 2013
Using an alternative approach to determine the amount of black carbon (BC) emissions from civil aviation, researchers from the University of Cambridge, MIT, and Forschungszentrum Jülich have estimated that in 2005, total BC emissions from this sector were 16.9 Gg/year, with a fleet average emissions index (EIBC, the mass of BC emitted per kg of fuel burned) of 0.093 g/kg-fuel. These are a factor of ∼2.7 higher than estimates obtained using standard methods (6.3 Gg/year and 0.035 g/kg-fuel).
The new method, Formation OXidation (FOX), is an empirical method, independent of smoke number (SN), that the team developed to obtain EIBC for all engines in the fleet using only data available in the ICAO engine emissions databank (EDB) representing the physical mechanisms (with significant simplification) by which soot is formed and oxidized. A paper describing the method and the results is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology.
NASA rolls out new strategic vision for aeronautics research
August 15, 2013
NASA Administrator Charles Bolden unveiled a new strategic vision better to align the work of the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) to address looming challenges in global air transportation. Bolden shared the strategic vision in a keynote speech at the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics’ Aviation 2013 conference in Los Angeles.
The new vision addresses three “mega-drivers” that are expected to alter aviation during the next 20 to 40 years: significant growth in planet-wide demand for air mobility, prompted by Asian market growth and global urbanization; mounting concerns related to climate and energy; and the convergence of technologies ranging from new materials to embedded sensors to ubiquitous networking.
CAAFI R&D team releases critical challenges position paper and white papers for alternative jet fuel industry
August 06, 2013
The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI) R&D team released its current position paper on critical R&D challenges facing the alternative jet fuel industry, highlighting near-, mid-, and long-term priorities. The Position Paper is supported by a series of white papers describing the path forward on these key topics.
The position paper is the result a meeting last fall at which more than 80 members of the CAAFI R&D team—comprising a range of stakeholders from the aviation and alternative fuels industries, academia, and government—identified and discussed key immediate and longer-term needs for targeted funding to maximize the efficacy of the incipient alternative jet fuels industry. Critical enablers requiring immediate development are:
Aviat, Aviation Foundation unveil concept CNG-fueled single-engine aircraft
July 31, 2013
|Aviat Husky CNG. Click to enlarge.|
Airplane manufacturer Aviat Aircraft, Inc. and Minneapolis-based Aviation Foundation of America, Inc. unveiled the first dual-fuel, piston-powered aircraft to operate on both compressed natural gas (CNG) and aviation gasoline. The Aviat Husky CNG is on display outside the Innovations Pavilion throughout AirVenture 2013 in Oshkosh, Wis. (29 July through 4 August).
The proof-of-concept Aviat Husky CNG, which flew more than 1,000 miles from Aviat’s headquarters in Afton, Wy., to be at AirVenture, can be powered by CNG or 100LL aviation gasoline with the flip of a switch. It is a mostly standard Aviat Husky A1-C that has been fitted with a 3600 psi (248 bar) CNG fuel tank in addition to its standard aviation gasoline tanks. The only modification made to the engine, a Lycoming IO-360-A1 D6, was the installation of new pistons to increase the compression ratio from 8.50:1 to 10:1.
UPS sets 2017 goal of 1 billion alternative fuel miles
July 27, 2013
UPS released its annual Sustainability Report announcing that while the total number of packages shipped in 2012 increased, the company reduced its total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Environmental achievements included ground and air fuel savings, increased investments in alternative fuel vehicles, and retooled routes that shaved 12.1 million miles from ground deliveries.
UPS also set a new alternative fuel goal of one billion cumulative miles (from a baseline of the year 2000) driven by alternative fuel/advanced technology vehicles by 2017, said David Abney, UPS Chief Operating Officer—more than double the previous goal of 400 million miles. Through the end of 2012, UPS has logged 295 million cumulative alternative fuel miles.
Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy
June 27, 2013
A team from Austria and Norway has found that the climate impact from a long-distance trip (500–1,000 km, or 310–621 miles) can easily vary by a factor of 10 per passenger depending on mode choice, vehicle efficiency, and occupancy. Among the findings of the study, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology, is that a car’s fuel efficiency and occupancy are central to whether the impact from a trip is as high as from air travel or as low as from train travel.
With only one passenger in a car, corresponding to 20−25% occupancy, the climate impact is at the level of an average air trip, whereas a car with three or more passengers, 60% occupancy or more, it is at the low level of average trains or coaches. A notable exception is for the small diesel car; with two passengers ( i.e., 50% occupancy), the specific climate impact is lower than for an average train or bus trip.
EADS demonstrating electric and hybrid aviation propulsion; innovative distributed propulsion series hybrid
June 17, 2013
|E-Thrust is a “series hybrid” electrical distributed propulsion system concept using one gas power unit providing the electrical power for six fans for lower fuel consumption, fewer emissions and less noise. Click to enlarge.|
The EADS Group—comprising Airbus, Astrium, Cassidian and Eurocopter—is demonstrating at the Paris Air Show 2013 a number of initiatives in the field of electric and hybrid propulsion, which it calls its “E-aircraft projects”.
The Group has developed and built a battery-electric general aviation training aircraft in cooperation with Aero Composites Saintonge (ACS), called E-Fan. EADS has also engineered together with Diamond Aircraft and Siemens an updated series hybrid electric motor glider, the Diamond Aircraft DA36 E-Star 2. EADS is also cooperating with Rolls-Royce on a future distributed propulsion system concept (DEAP) for full-size passenger aircraft.
NREL, Navy and Cobalt Technologies to make jet fuel from switchgrass via butanol intermediate; cellulosic alcohol-to-jet
June 07, 2013
|Overview of the Cobalt/Navy pathway for converting butanol to renewable jet fuel (alcohol-to-jet, ATJ). Source: Dr. Michael Wright, NAVAIR. Click to enlarge.|
The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is partnering with Cobalt Technologies, US Navy, and Show Me Energy Cooperative to demonstrate that jet fuel can be made economically and in large quantities from a renewable biomass feedstock such as switchgrass using an alcohol-to-jet pathway.
The project, which will convert biomass into sugars for fermentation into butanol with subsequent conversion of that intermediate into JP5 jet fuel, is one of four biorefinery projects funded recently by the DOE. (Earlier post.) The process is expected to result in up to a 95% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the current production of jet fuel.
United purchasing 15M gallons of renewable jet fuel from AltAir Fuel; Honeywell’s UOP Green Jet
June 04, 2013
United Airlines executed a definitive purchase agreement with AltAir Fuels (earlier post) for cost-competitive, sustainable, bio-synthetic paraffinic kerosene at commercial scale. With United’s strategic partnership, AltAir Fuels will retrofit part of an existing petroleum refinery to become a 30-million gallon, advanced biofuel refinery near Los Angeles, Calif.
AltAir will produce low-carbon, renewable jet fuel and other renewable products. United has collaborated with AltAir Fuels since 2009 and has agreed to buy 15 million gallons of lower-carbon, renewable jet fuel over a three-year period, with the option to purchase more. The airline is purchasing the advanced biofuel at a price competitive with traditional, petroleum-based jet fuel, and AltAir expects to begin delivering five million gallons of renewable jet fuel per year to United starting in 2014.
Australian techno-economic analysis of renewable aviation fuels identifies research priorities to lower the high costs
May 22, 2013
A techno-economic analysis of renewable aviation fuels by Australian researchers has found that, based on currently available long-term reputable technological data, biorefineries producing biofuels from microalgae, oil seeds of the Pongamia tree, and sugarcane feedstocks would be competitive with crude oil prices at $1,343, $374, and $301/bbl, respectively.
Sensitivity analyses of the major economic drivers suggest technological and market developments that would bring the corresponding figures down to $385, $255, and $168/bbl, the researchers said in their paper, published in the journal Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. The results of the study, which was conducted as part of the Queensland Sustainable Aviation Fuel Initiative, were presented at the Boeing-hosted Aero Environment Summit in Sydney.
US DOE to award nearly $18M to 4 biorefinery projects for mil-spec renewable hydrocarbon fuels
April 22, 2013
The US Department of Energy (DOE) will award nearly $18 million to four innovative pilot-scale biorefineries in California, Iowa and Washington that will produce and test drop-in renewable biofuels that meet military specifications for jet fuel and shipboard diesel.
The pilot-scale biorefinery projects selected today will use a variety of non-food biomass feedstocks, waste-based materials, and algae in innovative conversion processes. The projects will demonstrate technologies to cost-effectively convert biomass into advanced drop-in biofuels and assist these organizations to scale up the processes to commercial levels. Recipients are required to contribute a minimum of 50% matching funds for these projects.
Joule expands solar CO2 conversion platform to produce renewable gasoline and jet hydrocarbons
April 15, 2013
Joule, the developer of a direct, single-step, continuous process for the production of solar hydrocarbon fuels (earlier post), has extended its solar CO2 conversion platform to produce renewable gasoline- and jet fuel-range hydrocarbons.
Joule has engineered photosynthetic biocatalysts that convert waste CO2 into hydrocarbons through a patented, continuous process. Joule has been successfully scaling its process for making ethanol (Sunflow-E) while also developing long-chain hydrocarbons for diesel (Sunflow-D). With this latest development, Joule can now also directly produce medium-chain hydrocarbons which are substantial components of gasoline (Sunflow-G) and jet fuel (Sunflow-J).
Boeing details improvements to Li-ion battery system for 787; more than 200,000 engineering hours applied so far
March 15, 2013
On 12 March, Boeing received approval from the US Federal Aviation Administration of its plan to test and certify improvements to the 787’s Li-ion battery system. (Earlier post.) On 14 March, Mike Sinnett, Vice President and Chief Project Engineer, 787 program provided a technical briefing to media on the set of improvements to the lithium-ion batteries on 787 commercial jetliners.
The company’s intent is to provide three layers of protection: preventing initiation of an event at the cell level; preventing propagation of an event to the other cells in the pack; and preventing impact to the airplane. To do so, Boeing is making changes to the battery, to the battery charger, and is building a new enclosure for the battery.
NASA begins ACCESS flight research to study effects of biojet fuels on engine performance, emissions and contrails
March 01, 2013
NASA researchers have begun a series of flights using the agency’s DC-8 flying laboratory to study the effects of alternate biofuel on engine performance, emissions and aircraft-generated contrails at altitude. The Alternative Fuel Effects on Contrails and Cruise EmiSSions (ACCESS) research involves flying the DC-8 as high as 40,000 feet while an instrumented NASA Falcon HU-25 aircraft trails behind at distances ranging from 300 feet to more than 10 miles.
During the flights, the DC-8’s four CFM56 engines will be powered by conventional JP-8 jet fuel, or a 50-50 blend of JP-8 and an alternative fuel of hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids that comes from camelina plants.
UDRI researchers conclude that an algal renewable jet fuel strategy that maximizes the highest liquid fuel yield should focus on renewable diesel
February 08, 2013
Researchers at the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) investigating the conversion of algal triglycerides to renewable diesel and HEFA (hydrotreated esters and fatty acids) renewable jet fuel have concluded that a renewable aviation turbine fuel strategy that preserves the overall highest liquid fuel yield from the renewable feedstocks would target the production of primarily diesel fuel.
Renewable aviation fuel would be recovered from the cracked fraction that naturally accompanies the hydroisomerization of the original n-alkanes derived from the algal triglycerides to the extent required for meeting an appropriate diesel fuel pour point specification. Such an approach would limit the loss of algal alkane fuel value to less than 10%, according to their paper published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.
NTSB investigation into Dreamliner Li-ion fire finds signs of short circuiting, thermal runaway
January 24, 2013
|Damaged electrode with sign of internal short circuit from the 787 Li-ion battery. Source: NTSB. Click to enlarge.|
At a briefing on the progress in the investigation of the Li-ion battery fire on-board a JAL Boeing 787 at Logan Airpot in Boston (earlier post), NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman reported that the investigating team had found signs of electrical short circuiting and thermal runaway in the cells. The NTSB is working to determine the cause.
The next steps in what appears will be a lengthy investigation will be to complete the in-house laboratory examinations; conduct examinations and testing of exemplar batteries; and to synthesize lab examination findings with fire forensics and aviation systems investigation.
UDRI and Air Force researchers ramping up production of new renewable fuel formula for aviation
January 23, 2013
University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) and Air Force researchers at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base have ramped up production of a new research fuel formula and a fuel derived from seed oils, and now have enough fuel to move from lab testing to testing in engines and auxiliary power systems.
The ACS journal Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research published an article about the work on the fuel formula—a research jet fuel composition comprising methyl-branched tetradecane isomers—led by Heinz Robota, Ohio Research Scholar in alternative fuels and the Research Institute’s alternative fuels synthesis group leader.
FAA grounds US Boeing 787 Dreamliners after second incident with Li-ion battery; GS Yuasa Lithium Power the manufacturer
January 17, 2013
As a result of an in-flight battery incident on a Boeing 787 Dreamliner yesterday in Japan, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued an emergency airworthiness directive (AD) to address a potential battery fire risk in the 787 and to require operators to temporarily cease operations of the aircraft.
Before further flight, operators of US-registered, Boeing 787 aircraft must demonstrate to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that the batteries are safe. The FAA said it will work with the manufacturer and carriers to develop a corrective action plan to allow the US 787 fleet to resume operations as quickly and safely as possible.
Flight and static engine tests of ReadiJet 100% renewable biojet show significant reduction in emissions, slight improvement in fuel consumption
January 08, 2013
|T33 tailing the Falcon 20 in a test flight to measure emissions. Click to enlarge.|
Results from the world’s first civil flight powered by 100% biofuel that met petroleum fuel specifications without blending released by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) show that the biofuel used in the flight last October is cleaner than and as efficient as conventional aviation fuel. (Earlier post.)
Data collected in-flight revealed a 50% reduction in aerosol emissions when using biofuel compared to conventional fuel. Furthermore, additional tests performed on a static engine showed a significant reduction in particles (up to 25%) and in black carbon emissions (up to 49%) compared to conventional fuel. These tests also show a comparable engine performance, but an improvement of 1.5% in fuel consumption during the steady state operations.
NASA moves Environmentally Responsible Aviation project into next phase of research with 8 large-scale technology demonstrations
NASA has selected eight large-scale integrated technology demonstrations to advance aircraft concepts and technologies for reducing the impact of aviation on the environment over the next 30 years.
The demonstrations, which are part of by NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project, will focus on five areas: aircraft drag reduction through innovative flow control concepts; weight reduction from advanced composite materials; fuel and noise reduction from advanced engines; emissions reductions from improved engine combustors; and fuel consumption and community noise reduction through innovative airframe and engine integration designs.
Neste Oil to produce 4,000 tons of NExBTL renewable aviation fuel as part of the EU-funded ITAKA project
December 19, 2012
Neste Oil has joined the ITAKA (Initiative Towards Sustainable Kerosene for Aviation) project, which is being funded by the EU to support the commercialization and use of renewable aviation fuel comprising hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids in Europe. Neste Oil’s role in the consortium will be to produce the renewable fuel used in the project.
The 36-month ITAKA project has been granted approximately €10 million (US$13.3 million) of funding under the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Development (2007-2013). In addition to Neste Oil, the consortium members include companies and research centers in: feedstock production (BIOTEHGEN and Camelina Company España); renewable fuel production (RE-CORD); fuel logistics (CLH and SkyNRG); air transport (Airbus, EADS IW UK, Embraer and SENASA); and sustainability assessment (EADS IW France, EPFL and MMU). | aerospace |
https://japan-videography.com/en/787-photo/ | 2020-11-25T02:19:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141180636.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125012933-20201125042933-00253.warc.gz | 0.962293 | 399 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__84983594 | en | This is a reconstruction support flight by ANA All Nippon Airways, which was conducted at Sendai Airport in Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture Japan on October 30, 2011.The Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner, the world’s first commercial flight by ANA, carried out sightseeing flights with people affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
The Boeing 787-8, which was introduced by ANA ahead of the rest of the world, uses carbon fiber reinforced plastics and composite materials to significantly reduce weight.At the same time, the latest turbofan engine is installed to improve fuel efficiency and reduce noise.
A temporary stake was built around Sendai Airport, and reconstruction support flights were carried out by ANA without recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Depart for a sightseeing flight with children affected by the Tohoku coastal area on a Boeing 787.
The Boeing 787 features a streamlined body and long, flexible main wings. The first and second Boeing 787s operated by ANA are specially painted.
ANA’s Boeing 737-700 also had gold paint on the first and second aircraft in the image of Nagoya Castle’s gold shachihoko.
In the year that this aircraft was delivered, special paint has been applied to commemorate the opening of the Chubu International Airport.
In the past, United Airlines operated scheduled international flights between Sendai Airport and Guam International Airport.
Although the Boeing 767-300 was seen at Sendai Airport as a matter of course, retirement due to aging is progressing in Japan, and the number of operating aircraft is gradually decreasing.
The Boeing 787, which has completed its reconstruction support flight, flew to Narita International Airport in the evening.
Picture taken at: Sendai Airport, Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture Japan
Date: October 30, 2011
The article also includes videos of reconstruction support flights. | aerospace |
https://mechstuff.com/tag/parts/ | 2023-11-29T05:17:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100056.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129041834-20231129071834-00805.warc.gz | 0.976815 | 471 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__80312964 | en | Is it necessary to invest in a dirt bike mod?
There are numerous dirt bike mods that you can add to your bike. Whether you have a new bike or you just bought a second-hand one, mods can greatly improve your bike’s performance or looks. So if you’re in either of them or even if you are just a dirt bike or racing enthusiast, you should definitely go for modifications. more “Should you consider getting dirt bike mods?”
When I was a kid, I always used to think, is there a need of clutch ? what does it do exactly ? & as a kid I was able to imagine the working of brakes & how does the speed increase but I was never able to understand clutches ! It was truly a satisfying moment for me when I was completely able to understand clutches. So here it is, today we’ll see everything you need to know about Clutches ! more “How car clutches work ? | Parts and Types of Clutch!”
Rotary Gnome engines were widely used in aviation before & during WW I ! Besides aviation, Gnome engines were also used in some early motorcycles & aircrafts. So lets see what are & how do rotary engines(gnome engines) work ? more “How do Rotary engines(Gnome engines) work ?”
No more boring introductions, lets get started & understand how does a Wankel engine work & what exactly it is !
The first Wankel engine was developed by German engineer – Felix Wankel. Wankel received his first patent for the engine in 1929. more “How does a Wankel engine work ?”
Rotary/gnome engines were used to power aircrafts during WW-I & radial engines during WW-II. Then came the era of jet engines which completely revolutionized the aviation technology ! Jet engines were very much efficient & powerful than those used during World wars ! The power jet engines deliver is so high that an airplane weighing hundreds of tons lifts off the ground with such ease. How are they capable of producing so much of power/thrust ?
So lets not waste our time & have a look on how do jet engines work ? more “How do Gas turbines or Jet engines work ?” | aerospace |
https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2011-04-06a.377.6 | 2020-02-20T13:26:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875144979.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20200220131529-20200220161529-00305.warc.gz | 0.949708 | 249 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__6747205 | en | Only a few days to go: We’re raising £25,000 to keep TheyWorkForYou running and make sure people across the UK can hold their elected representatives to account.Donate to our crowdfunder
To ask Her Majesty's Government whether they have conducted or commissioned scientific and medical evaluation of the proposals to amend European flight time limitation regulations.
To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the effect of their proposals to alter the flight time limitation regulations on the hours worked by civil aviation pilots.
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has consulted on draft implementing rules establishing flight time limitations for EU airlines. These have been reviewed by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and it has submitted a large number of detailed comments to EASA. The CAA has also published its comments on the CAA website.
The CAA believes that overall the EASA proposals are a significant improvement on the current EU rules. However, it believes that the draft rules need to be strengthened in three areas: (i) the maximum flight duty period for overnight operations; (ii) the number of recovery days; and (iii) the maximum number of duty hours in any 14 day period. | aerospace |
https://jayanthsugavasi.wordpress.com/2013/12/25/faa-gives-santa-sleigh-crew-a-go-for-launch/ | 2018-10-22T06:21:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583514708.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022050544-20181022072044-00314.warc.gz | 0.932693 | 205 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__125787427 | en | This Christmas, the FAA gives you a chance to track where Santa is! click on the image above to see where he is right now. The FAA has taken all necessary steps to ensure Santa’s flight is uneventful, and safe, so that all “good boys and girls everywhere” may get the gifts they deserve. From Santa, of course.
New equipment, and a crew member, Amelia Elfhart (the spirit of Amelia Earhart?), who meets the mandatory 1500 hours on type, have been approved by the FAA.
The FAA stated, “Santa Claus, his elfin crew and the Santa One sleigh are GO for the annual round-the-world flight that will deliver presents to good boys and girls everywhere.”
“This is my first holiday season as Secretary of Transportation, and I feel a special responsibility to make sure Santa’s flight goes off without a hitch,” said Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx.
View original post 248 more words | aerospace |
https://www.robotbirds.co.uk/aircraft/sports-aerobatic/flyzone-extra-300sx-ep-rxr.html | 2020-09-29T10:17:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401641638.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929091913-20200929121913-00395.warc.gz | 0.784819 | 463 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__59890165 | en | This is the flyzone Extra 300sx. For nearly 30 years the full-scale Extra 300 has been mesmerizing audiences at air shows around the world. Flyzone's first truly 3D-capable model pays homage to this legendary performer, combining a powerful brushless motor and ESC with an extremely high power-to-weight ratio. The result? An airplane that excels at everything from solid sport flying and precision aerobatics to impressive vertical performance and heart-pumping high alpha maneuvers. If you're an experienced pilot ready to expand your flight envelope, the Extra 300SX Rx-R is the plane to take you there!
* Durable AeroCell foam airframe.
* Factory-installed motor, ESC & servos.
* Double-beveled control surfaces.
* Magnetic cowl, canopy and wheel fairings.
* Removable wing.
* Steerable tail wheel.
* Preinstalled electronics.
* Molded clear plastic canopy with magnetically attached AeroCell foam
hatch, dashboard decal and pilot helmet
* Landing Gear: Prebent wire with 2" (51mm) foam main wheels and
19mm steerable tailwheel, magnetically attached landing
gear covers and wheel pants that pop off during rough landings to
* Wingspan:1055mm / 41.5"
* Weight:795-880grams / 28-31oz
* Aileron Control: Dual servo
* Motor: 30-35-1000kV brushless outrunner
* Electronic Speed Control: 30A with star connector, 3A BEC
* Servos: Four micro
* Propeller: 10x4.5 black plastic
* Spinner: 1.25" (44mm) diameter red plastic
Whats in the box
* Flyzone Rx-R Extra 300SX 3D Airplane with Motor, ESC, four Servos,
Y-Harness, Landing Gear, Wheels, Covers and Wheel Pants, Spinner
Decals and Instruction Manual
Required to complete
* Radio: At least 4 channel transmitter and receiver
* LiPo Battery: 3S 11.1V 1800-2200mAh 30C
* LiPo charger and charging bag | aerospace |
http://store.ssa.org/cgi/display.cgi?item_num=909902&title=Commercial-Pilot-Glider-Checkride-Made-Easy%21 | 2017-12-13T09:25:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948522343.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213084839-20171213104839-00308.warc.gz | 0.873692 | 54 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__94601426 | en | "The second volume in the "Gliding Made Easy Series". Clearly a premier self study guide to commercial pilot's oral and flight test. For those desiring additional reading material on the subject, a topical reading list is included. By Bob Wander "
Out of Stock | aerospace |
https://www.rmit.eu/en/events | 2020-07-14T13:10:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655880665.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714114524-20200714144524-00201.warc.gz | 0.764282 | 113 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__73194 | en | You're viewing program information for local students.
Not a local student?
RMIT considers you a local student if you are:
If you are unsure or hold a different visa type, please contact Info Corner for more information.
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Join us for a global webinar with industry leaders in the aerospace and aviation sector on the skills graduates need to be work ready. | aerospace |
https://www.zenger.news/2022/08/03/russians-launch-military-satellite-into-orbit/ | 2023-01-30T05:08:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499801.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130034805-20230130064805-00077.warc.gz | 0.956868 | 912 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__10074472 | en | Russians Launch Military Satellite Into Orbit
Russia claims it has launched a military satellite into orbit, as this footage allegedly shows.
The footage allegedly shows a Soyuz rocket blasting off from the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region in northern Russia, on Monday, August 1, at 11.25 p.m.
The Russian authorities stated that it was carrying a military satellite named ‘Cosmos-2558′.
The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed in a statement (in English) obtained on the morning of Tuesday, August 2: “A lightweight Soyuz-2.1v launch vehicle carrying a spacecraft developed for the Russian Defense Ministry was launched from the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome of the Russian Defense Ministry in Arkhangelsk Region by the Space Forces’ combat crew.
“The launch of the launch vehicle and insertion of the spacecraft into the target orbit went smoothly. Three minutes after liftoff, the Soyuz-2.1v launch vehicle was escorted by the facilities of the ground automated control system of the German Titov Main Test Space Center.
“At the estimated time, the spacecraft was injected into its target orbit by the Volga launch vehicle and taken over by the ground control facilities of the Space Forces of the Aerospace Forces.
“A stable telemetry link was established and maintained with the spacecraft. The onboard systems of the spacecraft are operating normally.”
We have not been able to independently verify the claims or the footage. The purpose of the satellite is currently unclear.
Zenger News contacted the Russian MoD for further comment, as well as the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense, but had not received a reply at the time of writing.
Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24 in what the Kremlin is calling a “special military operation”. Tuesday marks the 160th day of the invasion.
The General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine reported that between February 24 and August 2, Russia had lost about 41,170 personnel, 1,768 tanks, 4,014 armored combat vehicles, 936 artillery units, 259 multiple launch rocket systems, 117 air defense systems, 223 warplanes, 191 helicopters, 739 drones, 174 cruise missiles, 15 warships, 2,914 motor vehicles and fuel tankers, and 82 units of special equipment.
Russia has claimed that its casualties have been much lower, but provides infrequent updates on its latest figures.
Antonio Guterres, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, has warned that nuclear annihilation is only one miscalculation away at the opening of a nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) conference in New York. He said that the world is facing “nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War”.
He added that the war in Ukraine was a significant factor and said: “Humanity is just one misunderstanding, one miscalculation away from nuclear annihilation.”
Russian President Vladimir Putin said in a letter addressed to the attendees of the NPT conference in New York on Monday that there could be “no winners” in the event of nuclear war and that it should “never be unleashed”.
But in February, Putin warned outsiders that any attempt to interfere with his invasion of Ukraine would “lead you to such consequences that you have never encountered in your history”. He then put Russia’s nuclear forces on high alert.
U.S. Secretary Of State Antony Blinken said Washington was “deeply concerned” that Russia is using a captured Ukrainian nuclear power plant – the largest in the country – as a military base and firing on Ukrainian forces from around it. He labeled Moscow’s actions “the height of irresponsibility”. The U.S. has accused Russia of using the nuclear power plant as a “nuclear shield”.
The U.S. is sending over $500 million in additional weaponry to Ukraine, including ammunition for rocket launchers and artillery. The Minister of Defense of Ukraine, Oleksii Reznikov, 56, said on Monday that Ukraine had received four additional HIMARS – High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems – from the U.S.
France’s President Emmanuel Macron said on Monday that his country is donating a mobile DNA laboratory to the Ukrainian authorities to help ensure that Russia’s war crimes do not go unpunished. | aerospace |
http://macsblog.com/2013/07/in-defense-of-icon-and-the-faa/ | 2016-07-27T09:35:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257826759.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071026-00088-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.954579 | 659 | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-30__0__111250848 | en | Some people are upset that the FAA granted the ICON aircraft petition to increase the maximum takeoff weight of the A5 LSA amphib above the 1,420-pound certification limit. But the FAA has followed well-settled precedent in granting the exemption to ICON.
The FAA found that the spin-resistant flying qualities of the A5 deliver the equivalent safety level of the lighter maximum weight in the standard LSA rules. That is the very logical rules flexibility that most of us want to see from the FAA.
And this type of significant certification rule adjustment is nothing new. One of the biggest previous examples of such a rules change came back in the 1980s when the FAA created the commuter category of the FAR Part 23 light airplane rules.
Several turboprop regional airliners were limited in payload and usefulness by the maximum takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds for Part 23 airplanes. Clearly airplanes like the Beech 99 and Merlin Metro could carry more weight. But the 12,500 rule forced any heavier airplane into the much more restrictive FAR 25 transport category that includes huge jets such as the Boeing 747.
The FAA decided that if an airplane could demonstrate safe engine-out performance, has good redundancy of systems, and the pilot has a type rating, it could move into a new commuter category and fly at weights greater than 12,500 pounds.
The commuter category worked. Several turboprop regional airliners qualified, but more importantly, newly designed light business jets could also qualify. Several models of the Cessna CJ family, Embraer Phenom 300, and others are certified under those commuter rules.
So ICON is the first airplane to get relief from the LSA weight cap. And to companies that have struggled to keep their LSA under the weight limits that may seem unfair. But the reality is that somebody had to go first, and then others can point to that precedent and seek their own exemptions from the rules.
The FAA actually operates much like the courts in the United States. There are laws, of course, but those laws must be interpreted and that’s what courts do. And judges look back at previous decisions to find precedent for a case before them.
The FAA considered the significant safety value of an airplane that won’t spin even though full pro-spin controls are applied and held. It then looked back and found many precedents where imposing different safety standards achieved the objective of the rule in the book, but in a different way. Just as the added requirements of the commuter category more than made up for the slight risk of a heavier airplane.
ICON spent the time and lots of money to develop and demonstrate its spin-resistant A5 without any assurance the FAA would grant the necessary weight increase exemption to account for the larger and heavier wing needed. It was a gamble. And now it has paid off. Instead of gaining an unfair advantage over other LSA makers, ICON has actually paid the initial cost for any who want to follow.
For other LSA designers and builders the route forward is clear. You, Mr. FAA, let ICON do it, and if I meet the same standard, you must allow me to weigh more, too. That’s how progress is made. | aerospace |
https://ajarndonald.wordpress.com/2014/01/28/christa-mcauliffe-biography-2/ | 2017-03-29T15:22:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190753.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00648-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.951308 | 123 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__67210586 | en | Remember teacher Christa McAuliffe, the first American civilian selected to go to space, who died in the Challenger space shuttle explosion, on Biography.com.
Christa McAuliffe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 2, 1948. A high school teacher, she became the first American civilian selected to go into space in 1985. After being selected by NASA in 1985, she trained at the Johnson Space Center. On January 28, 1986, McAuliffe boarded the Challenger space shuttle in Orlando, Florida. The shuttle exploded shortly after lift-off, killing everyone on board.
See on www.biography.com | aerospace |
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https://winnercommunication.com/the-first-man-on-the-moon-on-july-20-1969/ | 2021-04-16T16:52:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038088245.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416161217-20210416191217-00095.warc.gz | 0.975175 | 9,650 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__127915265 | en | It was 1961. John F. Kennedy was the president of the United States. He wanted to land humans on the moon. The United States had just started trying to put people in space. Was NASA ready to go to the moon? The president and NASA knew they could do it. They were ready to put people on the moon. Apollo 11’s mission was to land two men on the moon. They also had to come back to Earth safely.
The morning of July 16, 1989. A few kilometers around the Cape Kennedy Space Center in the United States are crowded. The whole area has been crowded with cars, jeeps, buses, boats and even small planes since last night. Many have set up temporary shelters in small tents. Some are under the open sky in the existing tabiyate. With cameras, binoculars and radios in their hands, they are anxiously waiting and counting the hours of excitement.
Most of them have come to rejoice. Some carried placards and banners to protest the US government’s huge waste of money in the space sector. But pros and cons, everyone present that day knew they were going to witness a great history of mankind today. This is a history that will not be old even if it can be told for ages.
After a while, the Apollo 11 spacecraft with three adventurous astronauts will run to the moon at a distance of about 374,000 kilometers. Not only that, for the first time in human history, people will set foot outside the earth, in the land of the old woman with the spinning wheel. Yes, not instruments, but aquatic people. With this, the United States will give a broken tooth to the eternal rival Soviet Union in the space competition on that day. So the whole American race (or mankind) went to the moon with three astronauts – Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins – on the wings of imagination.
9:23 a.m. local clock. Bright lights began to shine on the underside of the rocket aimed at Cape Kennedy’s horizon. With the light of intense fire, the white smoke began to overwhelm all around. The Saturn V rocket slowly launched into the sky with its tail on fire like a comet. Gradually his speed began to increase. The command module and lunar module have been specially placed on the top of the rocket. In it, three astronauts are sitting and breaking the strong bond of gravity by clenching their teeth.
Thousands of people standing below burst into joy at the sight of Apollo 11 ascending into space, overcoming the illusion of Earth’s gravity. Some, however, could not bear the burden of emotion and did not hesitate to cry. Just then the tension of the three astronauts sitting in the safe control room at the head of the rocket has now calmed down a lot. Because for the past few years they have been waiting for this day. That is why it is very difficult to take all the training in artificial environment. In many cases, the training was more difficult than in reality. So the future events were memorized by them.
Three hours after the launch of the Saturn V rocket, it came into Earth orbit and separated the Columbia and the Eagle from the rocket. The two spacecraft then left Earth’s orbit together and embarked on a three-day journey to the moon. At the beginning of this long journey, the explorers pulled out the Lunar Module Eagle from behind Columbia and annexed it to Columbia. Then they started traveling between the two modules as needed. The two vehicles are named after two US national symbols. The first is the American female Columbia and the second is the Eagle, the national bird of the United States.
The previous Apollo missions were in fact just preparations and exercises for this final Apollo 11 mission. So the three Apollo explorers, NASA, knew how to get there. Before reaching the moon’s orbit, they examined the various instruments of the two modules to see if there were any defects. The three astronauts-command module pilot Michael Collins, lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin and commander Neil Armstrong were able to take a break, except for eating, sleeping and broadcasting live on TV with Earthlings.
U.S. political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s sensational book, The Clash Civilization and the Remaking of the World Order . In that book, he says, “Ordinary people, whether they understand it or not, always like to be divided between us and them, us and their party, our civilization and their barbarism.” Such a split and the fierce competition that ensued began with the plan to launch a mission to the United States. It was many times more political than it was in the interests of scientific research. NASA’s Apollo mission began with the Cold War with Russia (then the Soviet Union).
One by one, the rival Soviet Union was losing to the United States in space research. Russia (then Soviet Union) sent the first satellite Sputnik-1 into space. When that satellite sat in Earth orbit and gave light signals flying in the skies of the United States, the whole American had nothing to do but stare like a fly in the face. The first animal in space, a dog named Leica. He is also a Soviet achievement. Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space in 1971. The Soviet Union once again became famous all over the world. As well as socialism. Valentina Tereskova was the first woman and civilian to fly into space on June 16, 1963. He also achieved Soviet. Luna 2 is the first spacecraft to land on the moon. That achievement is also in the possession of the socialist Soviet Union. With the tip of the nose of the capitalist superpower, one parallel rivalry after another can be tolerated. There is nothing comparable to that of the United States. They also did everything one by one in space. But to the whole world, they are nothing more than following in the footsteps of the Soviet Union. So the world did not find or remember the first American animal, the first man, the first woman sent into space. Despite many attempts by the US administration, it did not compete with the Soviet Union in space. But did capitalist Americans succumb to socialism? Is the world celebrating socialism today? The world did not find or remember the first woman. Despite many attempts by the US administration, it did not compete with the Soviet Union in space. But did capitalist Americans succumb to socialism? Is the world celebrating socialism today? The world did not find or remember the first woman. Despite many attempts by the US administration, it did not compete with the Soviet Union in space. But did capitalist Americans succumb to socialism? Is the world celebrating socialism today? The world did not find or remember the first woman. Despite many attempts by the US administration, it did not compete with the Soviet Union in space. But did capitalist Americans succumb to socialism? Is the world celebrating socialism today? The world did not find or remember the first woman. Despite many attempts by the US administration, it did not compete with the Soviet Union in space. But did capitalist Americans succumb to socialism? Is the world celebrating socialism today?
Thus the mountains of anger and humiliation began to accumulate in the minds of the American people. That anger finally erupted into a volcano in the 1980 US presidential election. John F. Kennedy took over the reins of power, ousting President Eisenhower, calling for more emphasis on space exploration. Kennedy. In fact, Kennedy understood exactly what was on the minds of the American people. Understood that in space research (better said, in competition) the Soviet Union would have to compete at any cost. But how is that possible? Because in all cases of space, they are already sitting first. After much discussion and debate, the Kennedy administration decided that the only way to respond to the Soviet invasion was to send people to the moon. So on May 25, 1971, at a joint session of the Congress, he declared, ‘I believe,
Soon after Kennedy’s announcement, the era of real space competition began in the United States. Despite the objections of many, huge amount of money was allocated to the space research sector this time. About ২৫ 25 billion was budgeted in 1980, which was 2.5% of US GDP. And this budget is given for 10 consecutive years. However, a class of Americans were outraged. They were joined by some scientists and researchers. They claim that there is no point in wasting money in the name of competition alone. Instead, money needs to be poured into many other important studies, including cancer.
As criticism mounted, Kennedy was forced to respond. He gave the answer on September 12, 1982 at the inauguration of NASA’s manned spaceflight center at Rice University in Houston, USA. About 40,000 people were present at the football stadium that day. Standing on the crowd stage, Kennedy said firmly, ‘Many have raised the question, why do we want to go to the moon? Why have we set such a goal? They might even ask, why do we climb to the top? Why did I cross the Atlantic 35 years ago? This decade we wanted to go to the moon … we wanted to go to the moon … we wanted to go to the moon.
Before Kennedy could finish speaking, the whole area burst into applause and cheers from 40,000 people. In that thunder, the opponents of the lunar expedition flew away like straw in one fell swoop. The Kennedy administration cared little for the critics then. Saj Saj Rob fell all over the United States. NASA began to make extensive preparations to send people to the moon. Millions of people are associated with it. The Gemini Project began towards the end of Eisenhower’s tenure. Even the Apollo project was considered then. This time there is a strong wind in his sail too. A new project called Apollo started. Such is the name of the Greek god of light, music, and sun. Named after NASA manager Abbey Silverstein. One evening in the early 1970’s, he suddenly thought of giving the name to his home. Abe thought that the way Apollo traveled in his chariot could not be a better name for this large-scale program proposed by NASA.
But Kennedy was acquitted by the announcement. When the United States thought of sending people to the moon, they didn’t really have that power. They had no advanced computers, rockets, spacesuits or other technologies like today. Again, the American scientists did not know what obstacles to overcome on the journey, which way, how to go. Despite many such shortcomings and unknowns, the impossibility of making the impossible possible in just 9 years with a strong will is a remarkable example of human history. But unfortunately Kennedy could not visualize it. He was shot dead by assassins on November 22, 1973.
February 21, 1986 Kennedy, the 35th US president killed by assassins. In his memory, in 1983, the NASA rocket launch center in Florida was named Cape Kennedy. From here, the first humanitarian program of the Apollo project will start. A few days later, the orbit of the Earth will be tested by riding on Apollo 1. His rehearsal will be given today. Rockets used to go into space with one or two astronauts in previous Gemenee missions. But this time three astronauts will go into space. They are Virgil Grisham, Edward White and Roger Chaffy. The final exercise of the operation was going on in the command module placed on the head of the rocket. At the beginning of the work, a spark suddenly appeared from the electric wire. As there was pure oxygen in the control room, the fire spread to the various equipments made of combustible material in the control room. The three astronauts burned in the blink of an eye and turned into coal. Another 28 workers were killed along with them that day.
In the beginning, such an accident was a big shock for the Apollo mission. Many feared that the Apollo mission was over from the beginning. But instead, NASA became stronger in their work. Scientists have tightened security for astronauts. From then until Apollo 8, they conducted missions without crews. In the meantime, NASA has done a lot of experiments on safety and other issues. That’s why there have been no more accidents on this mission since Apollo 1.
Apollo 7 was launched into Earth orbit on October 11, 1986. Apollo 7 returned from orbit on October 22 after more than a week. This mission was also a milestone for NASA. By doing so, the crew members got a better idea of the basics of rocket service and command modules. At the same time, people gained the experience of working together with space machines.
After the success of Apollo 8, the first lunar mission Apollo 7 was launched. This was the second manned mission of the Apollo Project. Much depended on the success of this mission. This is the first time that humans have been able to move from Earth’s orbit to the Moon’s orbit. This was the journey of man to the farthest place outside the world. Apollo 7 set sail on December 21, 1986, with three astronauts, James Lowell, William Anders, and Commander Frank Bormann. The spacecraft orbits the moon 10 times. 7 days later, on December 26, it returned to Earth. This mission guided the subsequent lunar missions. The expedition is also looking for a convenient place to land on the moon for Apollo’s future mission. Through this mission, NASA has greatly improved the navigation system and acquired more new techniques. The astronauts also took pictures of the rise of the earth on the surface of the moon.
In a statement issued by NASA on the lunar mission, the Soviet Union said it wanted to conduct machine-powered missions to other parts of the solar system rather than win a silver medal in the lunar mission competition. For that purpose, on January 10, 1989, they sent a probe named Venus 8 to Venus. As the parachute floated in the atmosphere of Venus, the Russian vehicle continued to send various information for 51 minutes. In fact, the Russian plan was to show the world that what the United States sends to people, they can do at a lower cost by sending equipment. But that is what happened to them in the end. Coming later in that context.
On March 3, 1969, NASA launched the Apollo 9 mission to the moon from the Kennedy Space Center. This year’s astronauts are James McDevitt, David Scott and Rusty Schwartz. The 10-day mission was carried out in Earth orbit. It was the first manned lunar excursion module (LEM) or lunar vela test to land on the moon. Space connections are made between the lunar module and the command module. In addition, this mission is used to test self-contained new spacesuits. After experiments, Apollo 9 returned to Earth on March 13.
Apollo 10 was sent into lunar orbit on May 16 of that year. This expedition can be called a copy of Apollo 11. It was sent just two months before the Apollo 11 mission to check all the functionality for the last time. It had service and command modules; Whose name was’ Charlie Brown. It also had a lunar module called ‘Snoopy’. Apollo 10 could have landed on the moon if it wanted. But they were already strictly forbidden. So the lunar module was disconnected from the command module but could not land on the moon. Instead, for the first time in human history, three astronauts, John Young, Thomas Stafford and Jean Carnan, orbited the moon. In fact, in this operation, the lunar modules are disconnected from the command module and then reconnected and tested. While Young was in charge of the command module, Thomas and Jean visited the proposed Apollo 11 landing area in the future. At that time their distance from the lunar surface was only 14,500 meters.
Thus, after Kennedy’s historic announcement, all preparations for the lunar landing were completed in a long eight years. This time it was Mahendrakshan, July 16, 1989. Apollo 11 embarked on an adventurous mission in human history. Three astronaut-command module pilots Michael Collins, lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin and commander Neil Armstrong boarded the rocket.
Stephen Conive Armstrong and Viola Luiz Angel were married on October 8, 1929. Neil Alden Armstrong was born on August 5 of the following year on a farm 6 miles from Wapakoneta, a small town in Ohio. Father Stephen came from the Scottish border and settled in the United States. On the other hand, his mother’s family came from Germany. As an auditor by profession, Stephen had to travel from one state of the United States to another. Before Neel’s 14 years, the whole family had to live in a total of 18 cities. However, when Neel was 14, the family settled in Wapakoneta.
At just two years old, Neil was taken to Cleveland Air Race by his father Stephen. Since then, the tendency to fly in the sky is blue. After boarding the first plane at the age of six, that tendency turned into a dream. So he tried hard to get a student pilot’s license. That day was his 18th birthday. The funny thing is, Even then he did not have a driving license. However, he did not feel the need to take it. Then he dreamed of becoming a professional pilot. But except for the financial problems of the family. Technical education was needed to fulfill the dream of becoming a professional pilot. But the family could not afford to send Neel to college. An opportunity came in 1948 when Neil almost gave up. The US Navy announced scholarships to study at the university. However, in return, after completing his studies, he will have to serve in the Navy. Neil had no desire to go into the military. But he was forced to apply. It was approved without any hindrance. At the suggestion of one of his high school teachers, Neil went to study at Prado University in Indiana, then known as the renowned Aeronautical Engineering School. But after only 18 months of finishing his studies, the US sent him to Florida for flight training.
Shortly afterwards, the Korean War began. A few days later, Neel was called to the battle. So on June 26, 1951, he left for Korea. He had to conduct a total of 6 war campaigns in the Korean War. He could finally return to the country in early 1952. After returning to the country, Neel resigned from the navy. Then he started studying at Prado University again. There he was introduced to Janet Elizabeth Sharon. Neel was then 22 years old. And Sharon’s 16. So it did not take long for the chemical reactions to take place in the body and mind of the two. However, the faceless blue mind could not tell Sharon in time.
Neil graduated in aeronautical engineering in 1955. Soon the job as a research pilot in the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics also matured. This year’s workplace is at the Edward Air Force Base in the San Gabriel Mountains in the Dhu Dhu Desert of California.
A few days after getting the job, Neil gathered a little courage and one day proposed marriage to Sharon. Although he was hesitant at the beginning, Sharon agreed after a while. The next year, on January 26, the two sat on the wedding pedestal. Neil and Sharon start their family in a small cabin in the desert. That cabin on Juniper Hill had no electricity or running water. There were rough Joshua trees and poisonous rattlesnakes everywhere. However, Neil later mentioned that this difficult time is the best time of his life. The couple later had three children at home. They have a daughter and two sons, Rick and Mark. Her daughter died long before the Apollo 11 mission. However, the two boys were then 12 and 6 years old respectively.
In 1956, the United States launched the first manned spaceflight, Mercury. In the 1980’s, NASA sent people to the Edward Air Force Base to recruit astronauts for the project. However, Neel had no interest in becoming an astronaut. On February 22, 1972, John Glenn, the astronaut of the project, circled the earth three times in less than five hours. In this incident, the adventurous pilot Neel was a little shaken. The astronauts were called for the second time in April of that year. In the first phase, the astronauts were taken from the military. But this time civilians are also given a chance. Despite having a lot of good experience and skills in aviation, Neel was a little hesitant about whether NASA would respond to the request at all. The applicant’s eligibility was determined by NASA. Applicants must have a college degree in engineering, not more than 6 feet tall, Age cannot be more than 35. Neil Armstrong, who weighs 165 pounds with blue eyes, is 5 feet 11 inches tall. Again, his experience in aviation is much more than any civilian. So he hurriedly applied. NASA selected 9 civilians for the service. Neel was one of them.
Later that year it was moved to El Lago, near the Mand Spacecraft Center on Clear Lake, in Galveston Bay, 30 miles from Houston. In 1975, Neil was selected as the backup crew for the Gemini 5. But in the end, they had to stay away from Houston to watch the launch of the Gemini 5. He was then selected as the crew of Gemini 7. Neil went into space on March 17, 1968 as the first U.S. civilian to fly as a command pilot. This is the first time the two spacecraft have been successfully docked in this mission. He returned to Earth safely after completing the expedition that lasted for more than 10 and a half hours.
He was then selected as the backup crew for the Gemini 11 and Apollo 8. However, the last chance to make history for him came on January 9, 1989. Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin were officially announced as the crew of Apollo 11 that day. However, among the three members of this mission, NASA decided that Aldrin would be the first to set foot on the moon. However, in March, NASA suddenly changed its decision. Blue was chosen for the historic move instead of lightning. For this reason, it is heard that there was a small tension between the blue and the lightning. That eternal civil-military conflict. Because Buzz Aldrin came up from the military.
Edwin Buzz Aldrin was born on January 20, 1930, just a few months before Neil Armstrong. He was born at Mountainside Hospital in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, USA. His father was Edwin Eugene Aldrin Sr. and his mother was Marion Aldrin. Dad was an Army Aviator during World War I. He later served as Assistant Commandant at the Army Test Pilot School in McCook Field, Ohio. Baz’s mother was also born in a military family. Aldrin is the youngest of three siblings. Younger sister Faye Ann was two years old then. When he went to call his younger brother ‘Brother’, he could not pronounce it properly and said ‘Bazar’. From then on, Aldrin’s nickname became lightning.
Lightning was the second man to land on the moon with his father when he was two years old. However, the journey was not very pleasant. After finishing high school in 1948, he agreed to go to military school at his father’s request. The father wanted his son to be admitted to the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. But instead he was admitted to the Military Academy in West Point, New York. After completing his studies here, Baz joined the Air Force. He wanted to be a fighter pilot. He learned to operate an F-7 fighter interceptor after training at an air base in Nevada. He was then sent to Seoul, South Korea in the 1951 Korean War.
After the ceasefire on July 1, 1952, Baz returned to the country. Before going to war in Korea, he met Joan, the daughter of a woman known to his father. A little attention was paid to the service. Seeing her happy return to the country, Baz proposed marriage to Joan. The bride did not hesitate to respond. The couple got married on December 29, 1954. Two days after the wedding, Baz was sent to Squadron Officer School in Maxwell Field, Alabama. He was then appointed Dean of the Colorado Air Force Academy. Six months later he took over as flight instructor.
In 1958, he flew with Joan to Beitburg, West Germany. There he took training to fly F-100 warplanes. He returned to the country again in 1959. This time he joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology directly. Buzz decided to pursue a doctorate in astronomy to advance his career in the military.
When Kennedy gave his famous speech in 1971 to launch a mission to the moon, Baz was 30 years old. His research was also progressing rapidly. In December of the following year, he wrote a thesis entitled Line of Site Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous . It was sent to the Air Force Space Systems Division in Los Angeles. Because of this thesis, his name became Dr. Rendezvous.
In 1973, NASA issued a third notice in search of a crew for a manned lunar mission. Buzz Aldrin submitted the application. NASA selected 14 new potential astronauts for the service. One of them was lightning. For these astronauts, NASA set up a new settlement at NASA Bay next to the Mand Spacecraft Center. The Baz family got a place there with their two sons Michael and Andrew and a daughter Janice.
Seeing the background of the lightning, he was given the responsibility of mission planning. However, even though he was selected as an astronaut, he was annoyed at not being sent on a mission for a long time. Finally, in 1986, he went into space on the Gemini 12 mission. He conducted various mechanical tests there for more than five hours. And he got the opportunity to go on the Apollo 11 mission in 1989 like a fruitful patient.
Apollo 11 arrives in lunar orbit according to US schedule, July 19. The next day, July 20, 100 hours and 12 minutes after leaving the surface, Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module pilot Buzz Aldrin entered the Eagle from Columbia. After a while the eagle undoing from Columbia. This time their destination is the surface of the moon.
The Eagle was a self-contained spacecraft. It was 6.9 meters high and 7.3 meters in diameter. Weighing about 1600 kg, the spacecraft accommodates two passengers on the upper floor. The spacecraft was built in such a way that it would not be affected by extreme variations in space temperature and would not be rendered useless even in minor accidents.
From the orbit of the moon for about two and a half hours at a very smooth speed, they continue to descend to the ground of the moon. In the previous expedition the landing place was determined-C of Tranquility. Sea of peace in simple Bengal. Aldrin kept a sharp eye on the eagle’s control equipment. On the other hand, Neel’s eyes are then on the surface of the moon, he is looking for a convenient landing place. The eagle is gradually descending due to the gravity of the moon. Only five minutes left to land on the moon. At that time a danger signal sounded in Chandravela. The spacecraft’s computer showed an error, Whose code is 1202. The distance of the eagle from the surface of the moon was only 9 thousand meters. But neither Neil Armstrong nor Buzz Aldrin understood what the signal was. Ground control in Houston, USA did not understand that. Do they have to go so close to the moon in the end or go back? Trying to go back to the very last time can bring another danger. At the same time, the mission control is trying to find the meaning of the code 1202 by manipulating their manual. In the meantime, another alarm bell rang. Mission Control then loses the hair of the head in intense excitement. But no solution is being found.
Another thought then crossed the minds of the two eagle explorers. The whole world is looking at them now. It is as if they are silently saying that the mission must be completed by landing on the moon at any cost. Mission Control also instructed to end the operation as per the previous plan.
Row upon row of Eagle Aldrin is trying to figure out if the alarm is a bug in the computer software, but Neil Armstrong is in another danger. They have gone beyond their scheduled landing grounds busy with alarm bells. If you go down to the place you see now, the eagle will just fall to the ground and fall to pieces. The two of them will be just a roof over the moon.
Meanwhile, the fuel indicator shows that the Eagle’s fuel tank has only one minute of fuel left to land on the moon. In the meantime, they have to get down there or go back. Of course, coming so close to the moon and going back is not a trivial matter. Danger can happen there too. The distance between the surface of the moon and the eagle is only 100 meters left. Just then, Neil Armstrong hurried through the window of the Eagle to find a place to land. With only 30 seconds left to land, Buzz Aldrin began to land on the moon’s gray chest. As soon as he reached the ground, the dust of the moon turned gray due to the pressure of the gas coming out of the engine of the eagle.
The blue and the lightning were completely in the dark about what happened to the eagle in the last few meters of landing. Has he been able to land on the moon at all? If the eagle’s foot lands safely on the ground of the moon, then the blue contract light is supposed to be on in the control panel. The two explorers waited for the light to shine. Even a few seconds seemed like time to them. Finally, yes finally the blue light came on. This means that the three-legged eagle has finally landed on the moon. The two explorers breathed a sigh of relief. Staff at the Houston Control Center were also able to breathe. Bangladesh time was then July 21, 1979, at 2:15 pm. However, the time in the United States is still July 20.
But the danger did not leave here. The third danger occurred when the ice line froze on the fuel line after landing. The problem is, there is a risk that the line will burst as the pressure builds up. And if that really happens, then blue and lightning may have to spend the rest of their lives on the moon until they die. Because then the eagle will no longer be able to launch from the lunar surface. But the fate of the explorers must be said to be good. They were able to clear the line before it burst. In this way, Neel and Baj were saved from danger three times.
It was decided in advance that after landing on the moon, blue and lightning would sleep for a few hours. Then land on the lonely black and white land of the moon. But coming so close to the creation of history, what is the sleep in the eyes? The two explorers could not unite the two-eyed leaves. However, half asleep, half awake, they rested on the second floor of the eagle for about four hours. Then came that historic moment.
Compared to today, the communication technology of 1979 was many times behind. Facebook, YouTube Live, Nor was there a TV set in the house. The only resource was radio. And a few people had a television in their hands that day. So many people were sitting in front of the radio that day. Listening to the section description. Some were staring at the astronauts on the surface of the moon through binoculars. But it is not possible from so far away. One-fifth of the world’s people are sitting in front of the TV set. The image sent from a camera set at the bottom of the eagle shows the ladder coming out of the eagle. Shortly afterwards, Armstrong was seen vaguely on the scene. With that, his mechanical voice is coming a long way. Neil Armstrong set foot on the first step of the descent. The whole world seemed to forget to breathe. One by one, Neel started to come down slowly. When he came to the end of the nine-step ladder, he paused. Are you a little scared? The viewers sitting in front of the TV set were also afraid of the unknown. Thousands outside the earth
Mother Viola Armstrong was sitting in front of the TV watching the scene of her son’s adventurous moon victory while sitting at home with others with deep interest. Neil Armstrong spent his childhood in this house in Wapakoneta, Ohio, USA. From this house he used to look at the night sky and dream of flying in the sky. Viola Armstrong once feared that the moon’s soil might be too soft. Like cheese. As soon as Neel puts his foot there, he may sink deeper into the ground in the blink of an eye. But because of the difference in the lunar gravity ball, the weight of the blue was reduced by six percent compared to the weight of the earth (175 pounds).
However, if there is a real danger of landing on the moon, what will happen? What if Armstrong’s spacecraft is completely crippled? What if they can never come back to earth? NASA and the US administration had thought long before the mission. They were prepared in advance for the possible danger. If for some reason the eagles were crippled, the blue and the lightning could have survived for a maximum of a few hours using the oxygen cylinders on their backs. Then came the historic death of Dhuke Dhuke. Because there was no hope of rescuing them. That is why a priest was appointed to perform the cosmic interaction of blue and lightning in Christianity from the earth. Interestingly, the then US President Richard Nixon recorded a televised speech on television to promote the nation. In a recent speech, Nixon reportedly said:
‘Good evening, my fellow Americans. Tonight I want to speak of a deep concern for all Americans and for all people around the world. Misfortune has interfered with the peaceful search of the moon. They will now rest in the peace of the moon. These two brave men, Neil Armstrong and Edward Aldrin, know that there is no hope for their salvation. But they also know that there is still hope for mankind through their sacrifice.
Fortunately, the video did not need to be aired on TV in the end. Blue can land safely on the moon by climbing the eagle’s ladder. Putting his foot on the moon, he made the memorable statement, ‘That’s a small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind.’ Dia, Neel painted his footprints in the dust like fine powder on the chest of the moon. Through this he became the first man to set foot on the moon.
Of course, Armstrong’s sudden landing on the moon is not the case. In fact, NASA had already decided what Armstrong would say and what he would do at that time. There was some controversy at that time about the statement he made. One group claimed that Armstrong did not pronounce the word ‘A’. The meaning of the statement changes. Others said he had just pronounced ‘a’, but could not hear it due to mechanical reasons.
However, when the blue lands on the moon, the sun sets in the lunar sky. The five-foot-11-inch blue shadow of that sun was seen lengthening on the moon’s gray ground. He was surprised to see his own 35 feet long shadow. About 20 minutes later, Buzz Aldrin joined Neil Armstrong on the moon. Going down there, he saw the desolate, barren moon surface like a desert before his eyes and said, ‘Excellent view. Extraordinary solitude. ‘
Who knows whether this word has been taught in advance. However, what to do after the moon was decided in advance. So Neel and Baaz went to work without a moment’s delay. At first they looked around. Place the instrument on the moon’s surface for some scientific experiments. Because of this the distance between the earth and the moon was accurately determined up to centimeters. Blue and lightning also placed a metal plaque on the lunar surface to commemorate the first human footfall on the moon. The plaque reads: ‘In July, 1979, people from the earth came here and set foot on the first moon. We have brought a message of peace for all mankind. ‘
Apart from these, parts of the clothes used by Grisham, White and Chaffy are kept on the ground of the moon in memory of the unfortunate adventurers killed in the lunar mission. And there were two medals. The two medals were won by Russian astronauts Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Komarov. Also kept is a silicone disc and olive branch. The silicon disc engraved greetings from 63 countries, including US President Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. And olive stalks were kept as a symbol of peace. After giving so much to the moon, it is time to take something from there. The time at hand is quite short. Gradually the time of return is approaching. So this time, as a souvenir, he hurriedly picked up about 23 kilograms of blue or lightning rocks and soil from the moon. They did not have time to list them properly. Calculating the cost, it cost only one lakh dollars per village to collect moon soil and stones.
Earlier, on September 12, 1959, the Soviet Union sent a spacecraft named Luna 2 to the moon. That was the first man-made object sent to the moon. Two days later, at a speed of about three and a half kilometers per second, it crashed into the rocky ground of the moon. But what happened to the service work is a source of great pride for the Soviets. The Soviet symbol hammer and sickle painted on Luna II and the inscription CCCP survived on the moon. Later, in 1967, the Russians landed Luna 9 on the moon in a controlled manner. Needless to say, It also had the symbol of socialist brand. So Americans want a symbol on the moon. That’s why the US Nixon administration decided to fly the US flag there. So now it’s time to place the US flag on the moon. There was a lot of controversy about the flagship before the Apollo 11 mission. There is no wind on the moon. So the flag will not fly there. That is why the flag had already been hoisted with hard starch. Again, two rods were given to each side to keep it tight like a curtain. But after so many incidents, in the end the flag could not be fixed on the ground of the moon. Unfortunately, the surface of the moon was very hard. So with a lot of effort, Neil was able to lower the flagpole to just a few inches. That’s why when the eagle left the ground of the moon, the gas came out of the engine at high speed and the flag fell on its face. The surface of the moon was very hard. So with a lot of effort, Neil was able to lower the flagpole to just a few inches. That’s why when the eagle left the ground of the moon, the gas came out of the engine at high speed and the flag fell on its face. The surface of the moon was very hard. So with a lot of effort, Neil was able to lower the flagpole to just a few inches. That’s why when the eagle left the ground of the moon, the gas came out of the engine at high speed and the flag fell on its face. The surface of the moon was very hard. So with a lot of effort, Neil was able to lower the flagpole to just a few inches. That’s why when the eagle left the ground of the moon, the gas came out of the engine at high speed and the flag fell on its face. The surface of the moon was very hard. So with a lot of effort, Neil was able to lower the flagpole to just a few inches. That’s why when the eagle left the ground of the moon, the gas came out of the engine at high speed and the flag fell on its face.
After spending about two hours on the moon, blue and lightning rode the eagle at the appointed time. This time their destination is the command module orbiting the moon. Commander Michael Collins is waiting for them there.
Then Command Module pilot Michael Collins continues to take Columbia into lunar orbit. Lonely, alone. In the meantime, he has eaten 12 times around the moon. There is no sound anywhere except the gentle monotonous mechanical sound. Collins described the feelings of that time in his autobiography, Carrying the Fire . He recalls that every time he walked on the opposite side of the moon, all communication with the earth was completely cut off. ‘I was completely alone then. Isolated from any real creature. ‘
He already knew that he would have to be alone in this historic mission to the moon. After being selected as an Apollo 11 astronaut, Collins was asked if he would be able to orbit the moon alone when his two companions orbit the earth. Whether he is disappointed because of this. In response, Sojasapta said, “If I say that my seat is the best of the three, it will be a lie, otherwise it will be like a fool.” But all three seats are important in this campaign. I also want to land on the moon, who does not want? But I am a part of this integrated campaign. Despite everything, I am happy to go on this mission. I will go 99.9 percent of the way, but I am not disappointed at all. This is Michael Collins, the self-sacrificing explorer of Apollo 11.
Collins was born in Rome, Italy, on October 31, 1930, not in the United States. Michael Collins was the second of four children of U.S. Army officer James Lawton Collins. Mother Virginia Stewart’s family immigrated to the United States from Ireland. For the first 18 years after his birth, Collins had to travel to different countries because of his father’s job. James Lawton Collins was in Rome at the time of his birth.
During World War II, they moved to the capital, Washington DC. Collins finished school there in 1947. He joined the Air Force in 1952 with a bachelor’s degree in military science. He was sent to Nevada Air Force Base for advanced fighter pilot training. He also trained to carry out atomic bomb attacks. In 1954, he was sent to a NATO base in France with an F-8 fighter squadron. Two years later, he met Patricia Finnegan, a civilian worker. Shortly afterwards, the two got engaged. The couple got married on April 26, 1956. A few months later, they returned to the United States. He was given the responsibility of coach. He joined the Experimental Test Pilot School at Edward Air Force Base in 1970.
NASA issued a second notice in 1982 in search of potential astronauts. Collins applied for the service. However, his application for the service was rejected. He also applied for the third phase of NASA in 1973. NASA selected 14 people from the service, one of whom was Collins. Then, like Buzz Aldrin, Collins’s family moved to NASA with their two sons, Michael and Kathleen and Ann.
His house was very close to Aldrin’s house. Naturally, his friendship with lightning was a little more. So when Collins met Eagle and Lightning at the end of Colombia’s successful docking back from the moon, he hugged her passionately. After a while, he kissed the forehead of the lightning. Collins then embraced Neil Armstrong, the first human to land on the moon.
The campaign was successful, now it’s time to return home. The three adventurers began to return to the earth in the guise of victors. Three days later, on July 24, their vehicle returned to Earth orbit. Shortly afterwards, it landed in the Pacific Ocean on three parachutes. They returned about 195 hours and 17 minutes after leaving Earth. The USS Hornet rescued them from the Hawaiian coast.
Naturally, they got heroic respect back in the country. However, they were quarantined for three weeks in a closed room to check if any unknown germs came from the moon’s chest. Then they went on a world tour. However, the US administration had organized it to inform the world about the victory of the US. They also had Dhaka on that travel list. In this way, the United States defeated the Soviet Union in the Russian-American Cold War space competition.
The question may arise as to why the Soviet Union did not send people to the moon. In fact, the then Russian president wanted to show the world that the United States can do the same thing by sending people to do the same thing by sending machines. At the same time as the Apollo 11 mission, the Soviet Union sent Luna 15 to the moon. However, it did not land successfully. There is no doubt that the idea of sending instruments is quite good, but in doing so the Soviet Union simply lost the competition to the world. Because it is not possible to get the thrill of stepping on the top of the Himalayas, the thrill that gives birth, the motivation to be adventurous, by sending instruments. The footprints of the blue Armstrong on the ground of the moon evoke that shiver in our minds.
Since then, NASA has sent people to the moon five more times. Even then, 10 more people have set foot on the moon. But most people only remember the first one. People remember Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, the conquerors of Mount Everest, the inaccessible peak of the Himalayas. But then until now how many people are conquering the summit of Everest every day, the news does not matter to people. That’s why the world doesn’t remember the first American astronaut, it remembers Yuri Gagarin, the world’s first astronaut. For the same reason, the Apollo 11 mission is more important than NASA’s other lunar missions. The adventures that Neil, Baz and Collins embarked on 50 years ago are still the most important events of the twentieth century to the world. Even in the 21st century, its importance has not diminished. That will be the case until we set foot on Mars, which can be expected quite strongly.
Apollo 11 / David Whitehouse, Icon Books, 2019
1989: The Year Everything Changed / Rob Kirkpatrick, Skyhorse Publishing, 2009
Carrying Fire: An Astronaut’s Journey / Michael Collins, Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, April 2019
BBC Sky at Night Magazine, August 2019
Life Magazine: Moon Landing, 2019
Life Magazine: Neil Armstrong, 2019
Science Thought, July 2019 | aerospace |
https://neemopani.com/fly-jinnah-something-different-to-offer/ | 2024-02-22T18:53:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00345.warc.gz | 0.96863 | 514 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__114003062 | en | With inflation and economic crisis, transportation and travel fares have gone high. Post pandemic, the aviation industry is trying to cover its loss. Due to staff shortage and layoffs, the industry has been struggling, but the good news is that they are back on its feet. Fly Jinnah, which is a venture of Air Arabia, is set to launch in June. It has something different to offer.
Due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine ongoing conflict, the oil has gone past $100 causing a hike in the airfares. But the airlines which are gulf bound to have the advantage of not being affected by it. According to Air Arabia CEO Adel Al Ali, “A good fuel price is good for the region because the economy will be good and that’s when people will have more disposable income to travel.”
They introduced the recruitment plan early, which saved them, unlike their European counterparts. “It has been a challenge. Many people who were close to the retirement age decided not to come back–when it comes to the manpower challenge, the cost will go up a little, but I think it will look better every month.”
Air Arabia has launched two airlines, Fly Arna and Fly Jinnah. Fly Jinnah will cater to the Pakistani diaspora who have strong VFR (visiting friends and relatives) traffic. Ali said, “Pakistan, on the other hand, has a population of 200 million-plus–we think there’s an opportunity.” They are expanding their fleet to meet the demand on these routes, which will grow to 160-200 aircraft by 2030. If needed, they will also add Airbus A220 and the Embraer E2 to the fleet.
Fly Jinnah is a joint venture of Air Arabia and Lakson Group, one of Pakistan’s leading and most diversified business firms. Fly Jinnah has received the “regular public transport license for the operation of passenger and cargo services in July 2021 from the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority.” The cabin crew for Islamabad, Lahore, and Karachi have been recruited. The fare would be lowest for the domestic flights. According to an official, “Fly Jinnah will benefit from the experience of Air Arabia, which is its minority stakeholder”.
Three leased A320 aircraft will be used for domestic flights and then for international flights. The airbuses will be leased from Air Arabia. More details about the destination networks will be shared. Stay tuned for that. | aerospace |
https://www.model-power.cz/en/planes/2-slickx360-292m-imac | 2023-12-11T18:01:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679516047.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211174901-20231211204901-00432.warc.gz | 0.71486 | 377 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__122065014 | en | SlickX360 2,92m IMAC
The SlickX360 is our newest most up-to-date creation.
The SlickX360 was created in collaboration with several well known competition pilots, the voluminous fuselage and the very neutral design ensures extremely clean flight characteristics in classic aerobatics.
The IMAC layout has significant smaller ailerons and elevator.
For a perfect force transmission we recommend the slitted rudder option and the use of our GFK rudder horns!
The Carbon canopy is standard, a slightly tinted canopy is available as an option.
The SlickX360 IMAC is available with 2 positions for the wing tube(2-Zyl /4-Zyl) .
The SlickX360 IMAC is prepared for 4 aileron servos and 2 elevator servos.
Bundle discount 5-10% on the accessory depending on the supplier.
- 2x Savöx SA-1230SG (2x rudder)
- 4x Savöx SA-1283SG (4x aileron)
- 3x Savöx SA-1256TG (2x elevator, 1x gas)
- 12x Gabriel CFK Y-rudder-arm variable
- 10x Gabriel Y-servo-arm 46mm
- 1x Gabriel Ball joint pack (10 pieces)
- Powerbox Champion SRS
- Powerbox SparkSwitch
- Powerbox Smokepump
- 3W-170 XiB2
- Müller 31x12 2-blade oder 30x12 3-blade
- 2x PEFA RDL90 muffler
- 2x PEFA custom-made bend
- Model Power Pilot 3,1m class
- Model Power Poloshirt, Cap and Jacket | aerospace |
http://dgriesem@iit.edu/about/history/hall_of_fame/leonard_reiffel.shtml | 2014-04-20T05:49:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609538022.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005218-00326-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.892685 | 98 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__36314556 | en | back to Hall of Fame »
Inventor, popular educator and entrepreneur. Reiffel’s inventions have contributed to nuclear physics, optics, electronics, video systems, and space sciences. He was group vice president for IIT Research Institute, deputy director of NASA’s Apollo Program, and on-air science commentator for CBS radio and television. His many honors include the prestigious Peabody Award.
Last modified: 09/27/2013 11:37:16 | aerospace |
http://game-game.com/183812/ | 2018-12-12T05:33:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823738.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212044022-20181212065522-00386.warc.gz | 0.942441 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__112590753 | en | Somehow miraculously wild cats managed to get to the space base, which manages nuclear weapons! It is necessary urgently to neutralize the criminals, until they blew up the entire Galaxy in the game Stop the Nuke! Cats are transformed through the armored door of the space base, they fly up on flying saucers and other air transport vehicles. Immediately remove from the various debris the flight control panel and protective attributes and begin to eliminate the feline. Click on each tail, which only climbed into the room with the remote control. Do not spare your own forces and defend the base from an increasing attack and missile bombardment. | aerospace |
https://nrgprojects.wixsite.com/droneworx/home | 2020-02-28T08:51:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875147116.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200228073640-20200228103640-00024.warc.gz | 0.91372 | 291 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__39286366 | en | With our drones we can reach places that are out of range or difficult to inspect. Our drones are equipped with cameras for digital and thermal imaging, or multispectral sensors. A perfect solution for inspecting wind turbines, bridges, chimneys, cable installations or any high altitude project.
With the most professional UAV on the market, a usable and accurate solution can be provided for surveying and updating map material. Using modern UAV mapping technology, a resolution of 1 to 2 cm is easy to achieve at a cost that is definitely competitive when compared to other methods of collecting data.
Every day, policemen, firefighters and leading officers are out there to serve and protect. Having real-time reliable access to critical information is paramount for each one of them. DroneWorx provides operational solutions through fast and easy support. We offer dedicated solutions for planning & briefing, crime & traffic control analysis, law enforcement, and lots more.
" THE SOLUTION COMES FROM ABOVE "
There’s a new tool on the block, the Unmanned Aircraft System – more commonly called a drone. A tool we use to offer innovative technical services. Wind turbine blade inspection, digital terrain mapping, surveillance, disaster management, HD photo and movie shoots. The possibilities stretch as far as your imagination. Our drones are versatile, have a very low environmental impact, and are affordable.
Member of the Belgian Unmanned Aircraft Systems Association | aerospace |
https://shop.rmg.co.uk/products/nasa-lunar-module-postcard | 2020-01-29T09:30:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251789055.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20200129071944-20200129101944-00504.warc.gz | 0.876552 | 175 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__159929736 | en | NASA Lunar Module Postcard
A striking image of a NASA lunar module caught in the sunlight. Printed square postcard.
- A front view of the Apollo 14 Lunar Module (LM), which reflects a circular flare caused by the brilliant sun, as seen by the two moon-exploring crew men of the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission
- Captioned "AS09-24-3657, 5 February 1971"
- Reverse is left blank for your message
- Dimensions: 14cm x 14cm | 5.5 x 5.5 in
- © NASA - Johnson Space Center
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We have moon-inspired homewares, clothing, jewellery, books, prints and astronomy gifts. Created in response to 'The Moon', our new major exhibition. At the National Maritime Museum from 19 July 2019 until 5 January 2020. | aerospace |
https://www.twi-global.com/media-and-events/press-releases/2019/simutool-workshop-to-be-held-at-loiretech-france?month=03 | 2019-05-24T14:02:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257624.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190524124534-20190524150534-00337.warc.gz | 0.929029 | 287 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__66286743 | en | Tue, 05 March, 2019
As a leading organisation on microwave heating of composites, TWI has been working on the technology for nearly three decades. On the 15th March 2019 a workshop will be held at Loiretech, where project SIMUTOOL and the future of this technology will be discussed with stockholders from the aerospace and automotive supply chains. This is held in conjunction with Loiretech’s new facility inauguration. The details can be found in the flyer.
The SIMUTOOL project started in September 2015, to develop a simulation platform for the manufacturing of composites through microwave (MW) heating. The simulation includes an electromagnetic field coupled with heat transfer mechanisms that take place during the production process. It also includes the process control loop which enables the optimum design for the manufacturing process. One of the major outputs of the simulation platform will be the successful design of a ceramic matrix composite tool with an MW absorbing layer, in order to maximise the energy saving potential of the MW heating process. The project addresses the manufacturing issues of MW heating of composites, which stem from the lack of understanding of the basic physics of the process.
The project has reached its final stage where the process simulator will be optimised and packaged through a series of validation experiments using aerospace and automotive test cases. The project will be concluded this summer.
You can find out more about the SIMUTOOL project on the dedicated website. | aerospace |
http://online.findgift.com/gift-ideas/pilot-teddy-bear-pid-221619/ | 2013-05-22T05:29:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701370254/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104930-00052-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.862255 | 137 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__80487926 | en | Our plush Pilot Teddy Bear is soft and cuddly. This Pilot Teddy Bear, called "Propwash", is ready for flight in its faux flight jacket, scarf, and goggles. Propwash also makes an entertaining mascot for any pilot! MoreBest selection of quality aviation & airplane gifts. Top Service Yahoo Store! Always low prices at www.tailwinds.com
Children Get Well Gifts
Keep bored hands busy. Comfort, encourage, inspire!
Personalized Grad Gifts
Custom gift to celebrate graduation Frames, keepsakes & career gifts
Beary Big Bear Hug to Mom
Wrap Mom in a Big Hug-Build Bear Bunch with All Family. Names FREE! | aerospace |
https://www.kelownanow.com/news/news/National_News/17/04/20/WestJet_will_launch_a_new_ultra_low_cost_carrier_by_the_end_of_2017/ | 2018-05-22T14:04:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864790.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522131652-20180522151652-00327.warc.gz | 0.916021 | 345 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__4240647 | en | Cheaper flights could be on the way for Canadians.
WestJet announced on Thursday its intention to launch a new, ultra-low-cost carrier (ULCC) in Canada.
We plan to launch a new ultra-low-cost-carrier by the end of 2017. More details below. https://t.co/smPnrskpPi— WestJet (@WestJet) April 20, 2017
The new service is subject to agreement with its pilots and any required regulatory approvals.
If everything goes to plan, service will start in late 2017 with an initial fleet of 10 high-density Boeing 737-800s.
“We have built WestJet from its low-cost, regional roots into a renowned, international airline with service to 21 countries and today it’s all about disrupting at the price-sensitive end of the market,” said WestJet co-founder Clive Beddoe. “Launching a ULCC will broaden WestJet’s growth opportunities and open new market segments by offering more choice to those Canadians looking for lower fares.”
The ULCC will provide Canadians with a no-frills, lower-cost travel option.
"The complete unbundling of services and products in order to lower fares for the price-sensitive traveller has created the ULCC category,” explaiend WestJet President and CEO, Gregg Saretsky. “Our new airline will provide Canadians a pro-competitive, cheap and cheerful flying experience from a company with a proven track record."
WestJet won the 2017 award for the Best Airline in Canada through TripAdvisor’s Travelers’ Choice awards. | aerospace |
http://studentpilotguide.co.uk/reasons-your-flight-could-be-cancelled/ | 2022-06-27T06:03:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103328647.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20220627043200-20220627073200-00260.warc.gz | 0.938958 | 1,138 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__42406651 | en | Part of learning to fly is dealing with the frustration of cancelled flights, and waiting with baited breath to see if your lesson will actually go ahead. Here, we find Five Reasons Your Flight Lesson Could Be Cancelled.
In this post we discuss reasons your flight could be cancelled, and what your instructor may be looking at to make their decision. – it all centres around aircraft ability, safety and legality.
Beforehand however, keep in mind that there are other ways to learn without being airborne. Ground School is an important part of a PPL and general flying!
For the majority of people, the physical act of flying is what gets them interested in general aviation. But there are some really interesting subjects when it comes to ground school. If you allow yourself to enjoy the theoretical parts of flying you will become less frustrated with the journey.
A good rule is to expect ground school and be pleasantly surprised if the weather is good enough to fly!
Here’s a list of reasons your flight could be cancelled:
Five Reasons Your Flight Lesson Could Be Cancelled
1 – Visibility
Flying under VFR rules means you have to see where you are going! If visibility is going to be lower than VMC Minima (the legal minimum level to fly VFR rules) then your flight will be cancelled due to safety. As a general rule, VMC Minima for training flights is 5km, although you’d want visibility to be above that and know that it will stay above for the duration of your flight. Officially you should use the Met Office to find weather information, including METAR and TAF (requires registration). SkyDemon is a useful tool and shows this information. You’ll be looking for visibility of 10km or more across the whole route you are taking for good flying conditions.
For similar reasons to Visibility, if the cloud cover above you is too low you will be unable to fly under VFR rules. VMC Minima. Usual lessons take place between 1000-3000ft aal (as long as there are no obstructions), therefore you’d be good to fly with a cloud ceiling above 2000ft aal. Anything under that would be classed as dangerous and your flight could be cancelled!
As well as low cloud, wind affects your ability to get airborne. Aircraft have a maximum wind threshold – especially crosswind.
Simply put, the NoticesToAirmen (NOTAMs) is a list of temporary warnings and notices that are published by NATS. These could include temporary restrictions that would affect your aerodrome, or events such as airshows that would make the local area both busy and very dangerous for a novice pilot.
4: Future Weather
The skies are clear blue, no wind, and you’ve checked NOTAM’s. So why have you been cancelled? One good reason is the weather that is about to happen. Pilot’s check future weather reports to see what the situation will be predicted to be once you are airborne, and way past your percieved landing time. It may be blue skies at 8am when you are eager to leave for the airfield, but you probably won’t be airborne until 10.30, and may land afetr midday – by which-time a dangerous weather front could be overhead! The MET Office have regularly updated maps that you will need to understand before becoming a licensed pilot.
5: Wind Direction
OK, you’ve checked all weather, NOTAM’s, and forecasts and STILL you’re cancelled. Because of an 18 knot wind. Seriously!? Well, another possibility to have your flight cancelled could be the direction of the wind. Cross Winds are an integral part of flight training and light aicraft have a usual maximum crosswind capability of 15knots. However, training flights need a little more of a conservative allowance.
- Log In/Register
- Select PART 3 – AERODROMES
- Expand AD3 to find your departure aerodrome,
- Select AD 2.24 EGHF CHARTS RELATED TO AN AERODROME
- The scroll down on the right hand screen to AD 2.24 CHARTS RELATED TO AN AERODROME
- Select the link at the top of the table marked ‘ AERODROME CHART – ICAO ‘
- Breathe a sigh of relief when your hard work pays off with a beutifully illustrated chart of your aerodrome.
- (Alternatively simply look up your aerodrome in the Pooley’s Guide if you have one)
The runway length is shown both in a table at the bottom corner of the chart and on the runway itself. The above example shows Lee-On-Solent’s aerodrome to have a runway direction of 05/23 – or a takeoff direction of either 50 degrees North East, or 230 degrees South West.
With the example of Lands End below there are up to four runways that can be used, giving greater flexibility on windy days.
So next time your flight is cancelled, hopefully you’ll be able to tell your instructor why it is and gain some much needed brownie points!
Other Factors that are less likely but can happen are listed below If you can think of any more let me know and I’ll add to the list.
- Mechanical Issues
- Instructor Illness | aerospace |
https://www.swri.org/tracking-systems | 2021-10-21T18:28:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585439.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20211021164535-20211021194535-00437.warc.gz | 0.858655 | 194 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__37442566 | en | The Emerging Technologies Section in the Defense and Intelligence Solutions Division at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) develops satellite-based and terrestrial radio frequency (RF) tracking and tag applications and technologies. Focus is on development of short-range (to 1000 feet), medium-range (to 30 miles), and long-range (worldwide, satellite-based) tracking and tagging requirements. Particular attention is given to requirements for specialized packaging of beacons and tags to accommodate unique operational constraints. Satellite-based devices use GPS for geolocation and low-earth-orbit and geosynchronous satellites for communication. Satellite downlink terminals and line-of-sight receivers intercept the transmitted geolocation messages and disseminate the data to users worldwide. Situational awareness and combat identification systems are under development to support customer-defined operations.
- Passive and semi-passive identification tags using RF
- Low-power, miniature beacon transmitters
- Tracking, including satellite systems | aerospace |
https://thebeginnerslens.com/bmw/bmw-airplane-engine | 2019-09-17T05:05:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573052.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917040727-20190917062727-00443.warc.gz | 0.955102 | 312 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__36360469 | en | Bmw Airplane Engine Service
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Any content, trademark/s, or other material that may be found on the https://thebeginnerslens.com website that is not https://thebeginnerslens.com’s property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does Nayabfun.com claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner. | aerospace |
https://www.bedminsterchurches.net/upcoming-satellite-to-help-india-keep-an-eye-on-borders-near-real-time.html | 2022-05-17T05:24:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515501.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517031843-20220517061843-00688.warc.gz | 0.92448 | 828 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__188748115 | en | India programs to start on March 28 an earth observation satellite that will provide it in close proximity to serious-time pictures of its borders and also empower brief monitoring of all-natural disasters.
GISAT-one is slated to be lofted into house by GSLV-F10 rocket from Sriharikota spaceport in Andhra Pradesh’s Nellore district, about a hundred kms north of Chennai.
“We are looking to start this Geo imaging satellite on March 28, issue to weather conditions problems”, an official of the Bengaluru-headquartered Indian Room Investigation Organisation (ISRO) advised PTI on Sunday.
The rocket will put the spacecraft in a geosynchronous orbit. It will be subsequently positioned in geostationary orbit, about 36,000 kms over earth’s equator, applying its onboard propulsion method.
The start of GISAT-one onboard GSLV-F10 rocket was at first prepared for March 5 very last calendar year but postponed a working day just before the blast-off owing to technological reasons.
Authorities stated positioning the state-of-the-art agile earth observation satellite in geostationary orbit has important benefits.
“It really is heading to be a game-changer in some sense for India”, a Division of Room official stated.
“With onboard large resolution cameras, the satellite will allow for the region to check the Indian land mass and the oceans, particularly its borders continually”.
Listing the objectives of the mission, ISRO has earlier stated the satellite would provide in close proximity to serious-time imaging of the huge location region of fascination at frequent intervals.
It would help in brief monitoring of all-natural disasters, episodic and any limited-phrase gatherings.
The third aim is to receive spectral signatures of agriculture, forestry, mineralogy, disaster warning, cloud attributes, snow and glacier and oceanography.
GISAT-one will aid in close proximity to serious-time observation of the Indian sub-continent, underneath cloud-absolutely free affliction, at frequent intervals, ISRO stated.
The prepared start of GISAT-one, weighing about 2,268 kg, will come close on the heels of the thriving February 28 PSLV- C51 mission that orbited Brazil’s earth observation satellite Amazonia-one and eighteen co-travellers, which include five designed by students.
Secretary in the Division of Room and ISRO Chairman K Sivan advised PTI very last week that the technological problems that led to postponement of GISAT-one mission have been solved and the even more delay in the start was owing to COVID-19-induced lockdown which influenced standard do the job.
According to resources, GISAT-one will be adopted by the maiden flight of Modest Satellite Launch Car, ISRO’s compact launcher, probable in April.
SSLV has been intended to satisfy “start on desire” needs in a price tag-productive manner for modest satellites in a committed and trip-share method.
It is a a few-phase all stable vehicle with a ability to start up to five hundred kg satellite mass into five hundred km small earth orbit (LEO) and 300 kg into Solar Synchronous Orbit (SSO).
By comparison, PSLV — the workhorse start vehicle of ISRO — can just take up to one,750 kg payload into SSO of 600 km altitude.
With decreased for every kg start price tag, the mini launcher will have many satellite mounting selections for nano, micro and modest satellites.
Sivan had earlier termed the SSLV an progressive vehicle which can be assembled in just 72 hours.
“Rather of 60 days (for creating a PSLV), it (SSLV) will be assembled in a few days as a substitute of 600 men and women (necessary to create a PSLV), it (SSLV) will be finished by six men and women”, he had stated. | aerospace |
https://smallsatnews.com/2023/01/31/swissto12-hummingsats-secure-strong-support-from-the-esa-ministerial-council/ | 2024-02-24T02:48:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474482.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224012912-20240224042912-00871.warc.gz | 0.918769 | 481 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__157098897 | en | SWISSto12 is moving forward with the roll-out of the HummingSat satellite product line, thanks to fresh subscriptions in excess of 30 million euros received at the ESA Ministerial Conference Meeting. Participating states include Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Canada, Austria, Norway and the Netherlands, with further subscriptions expected to soon be received.
The funding will allow SWISSto12’s HummingSat product line being developed in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) to fully roll-out. Recently, SWISSto12 announced that it will produce the first satellite of this product line, the Intelsat IS-45, making SWISSto12 the first scale-up specialist in the history of the industry to sign a contract of this nature with an established telecommunications operator.
Named after the tiny, agile hummingbird, SWISSto12’s HummingSat product line is a showcase for the disruptive technologies emerging in Europe’s space landscape. Lightweight and small, it is far more cost-effective and sustainable than conventional satellites, paving the way for better connectivity across the globe.
Dr. Emile de Rijk, SWISSto12 founder and CEO, said, “At SWISSto12, we are proud to be at the core of Europe’s new space ecosystem. With our HummingSat product line, we are building a next-generation telecommunications infrastructure with the goal of reliably connecting communities and businesses. ESA has been an invaluable partner in funding and expertise along this journey. The new funding will help us to make the disruptive technology of HummingSat a global success.”
Andreas Mauroschat, ESA Partnership and Opportunity Satellites Program Manager, said, “HummingSat is a showcase for a successful ESA Partnership Project and we are delighted to support European and Canadian industry in this exciting new-space venture. The project has been set up in record time and within only a few months SWISSto12 has sold the first commercial HummingSat to global satellite operator Intelsat. ESA Partnership Projects federate the European and Canadian space industry around large-scale programmes, achieving competitive leaps forward and economic impact. They support end-to-end space systems from start-up to in-orbit validation, after which commercial partners operate the system.” | aerospace |
https://www.mclarens.com/join-us-at-abace-2015-in-shanghai/ | 2023-12-04T03:28:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100523.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204020432-20231204050432-00888.warc.gz | 0.918514 | 286 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__183246134 | en | McLarens Aviation is pleased to announce that we will be exhibiting for the first time at this year’s Asian Business Aviation Conference & Exhibition (ABACE) in Shanghai from the 14th – 16th April. Members of our Claims, Risk and Asset Management teams will be available to discuss your upcoming technical needs.
Since 1964 we have supported aircraft insurers, financiers, lessors, and operators globally with a range of industry leading technical consultancy services. From expert claims management through to operator risk audits, aircraft pre-purchase inspections and bespoke portfolio asset assurance programs, we are the technical partner of choice to help mitigate risks associated with the ownership and operation of aircraft.
Dennis Shoulei Dong, Kevin Betts, and Ben Dean from our Claims, Risk and Asset Management teams will be attending, so please take the opportunity to visit our stand P503 during the event to learn more about how we can support your organisation in China and beyond.
With 31 offices in 23 countries worldwide, McLarens Aviation’s dedicated team of 130+ specialists manage in excess of 3000 assignments per year. Further information on our services, global network, and how we can support you, please visit our Services webpage.
If you would like to schedule a meeting with one of our team members, please email email@example.com or call +44 7525 411652. | aerospace |
https://www.eurofinance.com/news/2015/04/15/when-risk-goes-infinityand-beyond | 2018-05-24T10:04:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866201.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524092814-20180524112814-00114.warc.gz | 0.950826 | 1,477 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__143624165 | en | How did you get to become the head of risk for NASA?
I have worked for NASA in various capacities since the late 1980s. I was hired as the risk manager for the International Space Station program office about 12 years ago.
With management’s new focus and attention on risk, I led the efforts to redesign, develop, implement and improve the agency’s risk management processes through a phased, systematic approach setting the standard for NASA’s new risk practice. Since leaving the International Space Station office, I have worked in risk management on many different NASA programs and projects recreating the success of the International Space Station office efforts.
How is your job of risk management different at NASA – how is it the same?
Working at NASA is extremely challenging and never ceases to be fascinating. The opportunities and excitement of working on many different high-risk, high-reward programs with some of the most talented people in the world is impossible to describe. It’s a mix of a traditional fast-paced customer-oriented corporate environment combined with the research and analytics of a university campus.
Our focus in risk management mainly concentrates on the operational side – obviously being a government agency, there are no credit or market risks. Even though NASA’s risks can often result in loss of human life and tremendous adverse political impacts, our risk processes are probably quite similar to those employed by many other organisations and companies.
At heart, risk management is used to make informed decisions regarding many critical aspects facing an organisation. That improves the chance the organisation meets its goals. Management often relies on the risk team to assist in decisions regarding many critical organisational aspects.
Often I find the most challenging part of any position is human. Human interactions within a system often are the hardest to predict and are usually the root cause of many costly risks that mature. It is also often where processes break down and introduce new risks.
Walk me through a big project – at what point do you get involved?
Risk management is interjected at the conceptual design phase of a project (earliest stages), so that risk conversations can start. Risks trades and analysis can steer a project clear of major risks when they are obviously less costly even to mitigate.
When your job involves putting billions of dollars in the sky and lives at risk – are there other parameters that don’t figure in the equations?
NASA’s risk management approach is integrated throughout all levels of a project. NASA and all our contractor teammates, no matter their level in the organisation, are responsible for the identification and management of risks. Risks are continually identified and discussed at working group levels whether technical, financial, schedule or safety in nature.
People with a focus on risk who work directly within the teams comprising a project (called risk integrators) help shepherd risks through the identification and analysis phases and coordinate the formal discussion and vetting at team meetings and risk boards. Once a risk is approved, it is assigned a risk owner and managed at the lowest level where budget and resources are assigned and oversight of mitigation efforts can be appropriately managed.
Political and reputational risks are all within the sphere of risks that must be identified and managed. However, most of the more global, agency-wide risks are managed by NASA headquarters and not by individual programs and projects like Space Shuttle and Space Station offices. In addition some risks are managed external to the agency, ones which the agency does not have the ability to influence.
NASA’s website has simple equations of motion explaining how aircraft and space rockets fly – but the measurements and variables are enormous. Are there equations for risk management and do the same observations apply
Unlike other disciplines within science and engineering, risk management doesn’t always lend itself to an optimal solution – there are no standard equations that will lead to the best answer. Uncertainty is a critical facet of risk, so as a manager, you must make the best risk-informed decision based on the current quantification of both the likelihood and consequences of the risks that are determined through statistical analysis.
As an example, a recent risk trade analysis was done on the Orion spacecraft (similar to the Apollo/Saturn V rockets) as to whether its return capsule should land in the ocean (like Apollo) or land on land (like the Russian Soyuz). One of the major advantages with an ocean landing is that the spacecraft wouldn’t need extensive attenuation systems to safely protect the astronauts from high impact loads/ forces (the parachutes and ocean water would provide most of the attenuation).
However, because of the corrosive nature of salt water, crew capsules could not be reused. Because of the overall life cycle costs and the performance of the launch vehicle carrying the capsule into space (with the added weight of the attenuation systems), it was decided to go with the less risky water-landing option. This and other risk trade analysis was done using Probabilistic Risk Assessment modelling, a detailed and effective stochastic modelling approach used in many industries.
How do you avoid ‘boxology’ (check box risk management)?
Effective risk management is critical to mission success. The implementation of a thorough, disciplined risk management framework is required on all NASA programs and projects. However, NASA encourages program managers to tailor their risk management approach to fit the unique needs of how the program may be managed. So the focus is to implement and tailor the risk system versus having managers tick the box for compliance. All risk facets are managed including ensuring systems and capabilities are delivered in time and within budget.
The implementation and refinement of the NASA risk system supports a holistic and risk-informed decision-making process to ensure our strategic and operational goals and objectives are fully met. This requires that all programs and projects manage and integrate their processes into an enterprise risk system. Internal and external audits of the risk system are performed to determine the efficacy and support at all levels of each organisation.
Your projects are long and large – how do you take the long view?
NASA’s core risk strategy is to use systematic risk processes and tools for the effective early identification of anything that could adversely affect the performance, schedule, cost, or safety of our programs, projects or systems. Determination of the probability of occurrence and the size of any potential consequences enables risk informed decision making and proactive planning designed to improve the probability of achieving our missions. Following these principles focuses proper attention on the long-term horizon.
What have been the main challenges of risk management when budgets are being squeezed?
Risk management is more critical in times of budgetary cuts and refocusing/restructuring efforts. More and more emphasis has been placed to ensure that our programs are executed successfully and most importantly, safely within the constraints set in these changing environments. Squeezing budgets naturally tend to increase risks while reducing the risk budgets to mitigate them.
And finally, is where you work really space age?
It’s a government agency – so it doesn’t have the coolest designer offices. Drab yellow-brown walls, furniture that looks like something from the fifties. In my opinion, it conceals one of the best jobs in risk management, recreating the environment and excitement when space travel fully captivated the world. | aerospace |
http://www.johnrussellpalmer.com/Confessions.html | 2019-11-15T15:31:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668682.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115144109-20191115172109-00539.warc.gz | 0.962429 | 7,245 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__34768283 | en | This was one of those things that are good to write to just get off one's
chest. I just scanned through it and see that there are a few editorial
changes I could make if I were sufficiently inclined, but it hanga together
pretty clearly; the main thing is to realize that I was writing it around
1993. It would not have been good for my "career dynamic" to have released
it at the time I wrote it, or perhaps even now, for that matter. Needless
to say, the following in no way represents the official position of any of
the government or corporate interests involved. I invented the pseudonym
thinking I would publish it somewhere, but I never did so. (23 May,
2004 15:16:52 PDT)
What reminded me of this was the x-prize activity. One of the interesting
aspects of this story is that google found it first coming from the Chinese
news agency (headquarters in Beijing). The key criteria in the x-prize
are these: "... flown twice within a 14-day period ... carry at least
one person, to minimum altitude of 100 km (62 miles) ... [able] to carry a
minimum of 3 adults." This flight was 2/3 of the way there in altitude
and energy, if you just want to reach altitude and drop. Orbital energies
are substantially greater. For years I've been intrigued with Burt Rutan
designs; he's done a fair amount of ground breaking. Suffice it
to say that when these guys succeed it will be a huge embarrassment to the
apologists for NASA who want to spend untold billions on another space shuttle
system to replace the current ones.
I was an Engineering Welfare Bum
I spent several years as a systems engineer on the NASA Space Station program
before realizing my job was actually that of a science fiction writer.
During those years I observed the space station workers (both NASA and contractor)
struggle under a deliberately disorganized management structure that
allowed numerous redesign exercises to systematically add costs and slide
the program schedule.
Now, the space station program has undergone yet another redesign effort,
the press reports of cost overruns on the program, and a major reorganization
is in work. In light of this, I wonder why anyone should believe that
NASA is competent to manage any large development effort?
Come on in, the water's fine
Then-President Reagan announced in the early eighties that the United States
would build a space station within a decade for $8B. When I graduated
from college there were few prospects I thought as interesting as that of
human beings like me, leaving this earth and making a life among the other
planets and stars. Perhaps not surprisingly, when in 1984 the opportunity
arose for me to participate in the new NASA space station, I jumped.
Since that time my interest in space exploration has not diminished.
My perception of NASA as a means to that end, however, has gone from cautious
optimism to deep skepticism. After eight years on the project, I reached
the conclusion that so long as NASA is in charge of getting people into space,
the costs will be astronomical and the number of human space travellers will
be pitifully few. And I won't be among them.
It has now been more than a ten years since Reagan made his pronouncement,
and NASA has already spent more than $8B on the program [R.W. Stewart &
R. Abramson, Los Angeles Times, 5/20/93]. In case you were wondering,
no part of the space station is in orbit, it is in the midst of yet another
redesign, but appears to have barely survived cancellation votes in congress.
What follows is an account of some of the fundamental technical, management,
and political issues in which the space station project is embroiled.
Although the story is anecdotal, perhaps it will provide an understanding
for what causes the program to be in such a mess.
FREEDOM, the FREEDOM Station, and Space Station FREEDOM
are the officially mandated and only formally accepted names for the orbiting
hardware and associated ground facilities considered to be the NASA flagship
program for the next century. I resist using these names, so I will
simply abbreviate with SS, and not fail to point out the other connotations
associated with these two letters, both diabolical and wasteful.
The SS is a program in search of a constituency and sponsors. That
is, constituency and sponsors beyond the NASA and contractor establishment.
For the people laboring on it, the mission of the SS is to find a mission
that is independent of shifting political winds.
For the general public, on the other hand, the ostensible purpose of the
NASA SS program is to build a low earth orbiting facility that will house
a crew of humans, allow them to perform experiments, and test their ability
to survive the rigors of long duration space flight. It is to be a base
for performing tests upon materials, plants, and animals that can be done
in the micro-gravity and near vacuum environment of earth orbits. It
is also to be used for earth and celestial observations. Unfortunately,
not all of these goals are compatible with each other or with the design constraints
placed on the program.
As a result, no one seems to know exactly what SS is supposed to accomplish.
Or more appropriately, everyone knows what they want a space station to do
for them, but the political leaders rarely discuss whether it is suitable
to integrate those goals into one vehicle. This problem was never reconciled
early in the project, because the objective at that time was to build a constituency.
Consequently, as the political influence of various potential users wax and
wane, the mission direction for the SS changes as well. In the attempt
to satisfy everyone, no one is satisfied very well.
A visible science or technology objective has always been required to sell
the program. Even in the midst of the current redesign effort, the participants
have had to scramble to find out which science or technology objective the
SS is supposed to accomplish. In March, NASA was given 90 days to come
up with options to the current design, but they were not given guidance on
the SS mission until a letter dated April 30 from Clinton's science advisor
John Gibbons [A. Lawler, 'Gibbons: Science is Civil Space Priority, Space
News, 5/10/93, 8].
Ultimately, the mission of the SS has been more to employ engineers and
technicians than to provide a science platform. As time progresses,
planned accommodations for experiments grow less and less. The logical
conclusion of this trend is the creation of a space station with no usefulness
other than to provide a habitat for a small crew for short durations, at
the cost of millions of dollars a day.
The key to understanding the problems with the SS lies in the program\'d5s
origins: it was deliberately disorganized. It was set up from
the start to have as many different elements as interwoven as possible.
Responsibilities were diffuse, and integration authority was kept from being
assigned and then later enforced. The reason for this was politics.
James Beggs was the NASA administrator when the concept for the current
SS project was concocted. The Shuttle had been flying for a few years,
so development costs were turning down, and NASA needed another big project
to bolster funding. Beggs decided to make the SS his legacy, and convinced
Reagan to do the same. But selling the idea in Washington was a big
challenge, and the SS promoters needed very broad support.
What came about as a result was what a subsequent NASA administrator - Andrew
Stofan - called 'the rather cumbersome management structure' to which the
SS was saddled. The SS needed broad congressional support, so pieces
of it were spread across as many districts as possible. SS needed broad
support within NASA, so development responsibilities were spread among the
most powerful centers. And SS needed broad support from the contractors,
so lots of subcontractors were favored, especially if their operations were
in different congressional districts, or districts represented by powerful
appropriations committee members.
So, a consensus was reached and the program was kicked off. The senior
management must have had some idea of the morass into which they were headed,
because in 1987 they reorganized the program. Previously, there were
three levels of NASA management directing the activity of the contractor
'work packages'. These levels had been designated 'A' for NASA headquarters,
'B' for the program integration management, and 'C' for the various NASA
field centers that directed the work package contractors. After the
reorganization they were called 'Level I', 'Level II', and 'Level III', representing
NASA headquarters, the program integration management, and the various NASA
field centers that directed the work package contractors.
As for the Work Packages, their responsibilities overlap in almost every
area. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Johnson Space Center (JSC),
share most of the development responsibility. A third NASA site, Lewis
Research Center (LeRC), is responsible for the electrical power system.
Goddard Space Flight Center was removed from the program back around 1989;
they were responsible for attached payload accommodations that got spun off
to be the Earth Observation System (another boondoggle if the space station
is any indication). Of course, a program as big as the space station
couldn\'d5t let the other centers be left with nothing, so Kennedy, Langley,
JPL, and all the rest get to do special studies.
Each of the NASA centers are largely independent, with their own agendas
of budgets to maintain, clientele to serve, and technical interests.
The space station managers at the field centers report first to their center
director, then to the Level II program office. In the face of this independence,
the authority of the program integration management (NASA Level II) was never
commensurate with their responsibilities.
Each Work Package was given responsibility over distributed systems (e.g.
data management, communications) and configuration elements, such as the truss
and the U.S. Laboratory module. Each work package distributed systems
hardware is scattered among the elements of the other work packages.
As a consequence, no work package has responsibility for an end item that
is independent of the other organizations; they all depend on each other
to make their own elements work properly. The effects of this stretch
from design through test and assembly, and whenever a change is required the
approvals must often get worked through two layers of NASA management and
back. The Work Packages are so intermingled in each others affairs it
has been a wonder they have managed to get much of anything right (in spite
of awful organizations, good people have been able to make some progress).
Reporting to the NASA centers are Boeing (MSFC), McDonnell Douglas (JSC),
and the Rocketdyne division of Rockwell (LeRC). Reporting to them are
dozens of subcontractors, including IBM, Lockheed, and numerous others.
Of the Work Package contractors, it is interesting to note the situation
with the electrical power system development when the contracts were about
to be awarded. At that time, Rocketdyne was in competition with TRW,
and the baseline design included both photovoltaic panels and a solar dynamic
option (large solar energy concentrators used to drive an engine). TRW
had stated that as long as the solar dynamic option was part of the program,
they would not be interested in the work. Rocketdyne was awarded the
contract, but shortly thereafter NASA set the Solar Dynamic option aside for
The Bottom Lines
Consider the official story in the summer of 1990. SS was to be a
permanently manned spacecraft supporting eight crew working on rotations
of between 70 and 150 days each. It was to be assembled on orbit using
the space shuttle orbiters beginning 31 March 1995, being expanded to greater
and greater capability using a total of 29 flights, completing assembly on
15 June 1999. It would support initial experiment operations in a man
tended capability on 15 June 1996, and be permanently manned with 4 crew
on 30 August 1997. It would devote 30 kW of the total power capability of
75 kW to user experiments. All this for a cost of approximately $30
Billion to develop and launch into orbit (more funds would be required to
continue to operate it for 30 years).
The official story, however, assumed that the technical parameters of SS
were not at all what was honestly expected by anyone working the problem of
getting SS into orbit. The official story assumed that the SS hardware
would weigh about 10% less than expected - estimates showed that closer to
40 flights would be required. Once on orbit, SS would be very power
poor - actual power available for experimenters was estimated to be closer
to 20 kW, not 30kW, because the systems required to keep the crew alive and
the spacecraft in orbit consumed 20% more power than advertised.
Then there is the problem NASA has in getting shuttles into orbit. Routinely
there have been delays in the launch schedule; in 1990, 5 months passed
between shuttle flights, while the station required a 45 day flight frequency
to keep the assembly on schedule and the crew resupplied with provisions.
This all assumed that the crew would actually have time for experiments;
estimates of the time required to perform extra-vehicular (EVA) maintenance
operations amounted to over 2200 crew-hours per year, which didn\'d5t include
1100 crew hours required for an additional person inside the pressurized volume
to monitor the people outside. That's 3 people over 20 hours every
week for external maintenance. This at a time when the NASA total aggregate
EVA experience base for almost 30 years of space flight was on the order
of 200 hours. And then there were the problems of crew time required
for internal maintenance and operations, internal storage volume, logistics,
debris protection, and communications bandwidth.
One step forward, two steps back
Periodically there is progress made against the weight and power problems,
but typically at the further expense of experiment capability (e.g. cutting
the main radiator size reduced overall weight but limited the heat rejection
capability). The design changes also add cost. On the other hand,
things could get worse all on their own; by September, 1990, the EVA
estimates had gone up to ~3,800 hours per year on the average, with peaks
well above that.
In 1985, 1992 was to be the date for launch of the first portion of the
station. In 1991, official launch of the first element was to be November
1995. Now the SS redesign team is trying to find a way to get the laboratory
element on orbit by 1996, but assuming a plan can be prepared and approved,
I would be surprised if the launch occurs any earlier than 1997.
As for the cost, the current NASA estimate is $31.3 B, while the GAO estimates
$43B is closer to the mark for the baseline SS [R.W. Stewart & R. Abramson,
accompanying graphic, Los Angeles Times, 5/20/93]. The reduced cost
redesign option favored by the Administration is estimated to cost $34.3B
over 10 years [A. Lawler, 'Details of Redesign Team Findings Sent to White
House,' Space News, June 14, 1993, 20]. Even when the costs go down,
they go up.
Revealing of the management morass that NASA has become is the statement
of John Gibbons, President Clinton\'d5s science advisor. He admitted
June 24, 1993 that the current NASA organization spends only 30% of their
total funding on actual hardware, while 25 years ago during the Apollo days,
that fraction was 80% [A. Lawler, 'Effort to Reduce NASA Work Force Begins,'
Space News, 6/28/93, 21].
Which space station do you mean?
Given the organizational problems, it should not be surprising that there
are numerous management problems.
At the start of full scale development, a well prepared program should have
compatible requirements, cost, schedule, and configuration baselines.
With the space station program, however, there was no hope for them to be
consistent. Not only did each of the Work Package contractors have to
be consistent within their own organizations and with their subcontractors,
they had to match their respective NASA customers, who themselves had to match
each other and Level II, the erstwhile integrators. Trying to match
on top of all this the sometimes contradictory direction coming from NASA
headquarters and from congress has been extremely difficult.
At any given time on the SS program there can be four different, incompatible,
configurations among the participants. As an illustration, consider
a typical change directive originated at Level II, who have incorporated the
change in their baseline. This directive is provided to each of the
three NASA Work Packages for assessment, who in turn provide it to their contractors.
Each of the contractors make an estimate of how much the change will cost
to implement, and provide the estimate back to the NASA field centers.
Because of the additional cost associated with the change, approval at the
Work Package level is often delayed, sometimes to the point of renegotiating
with Level II about the nature of the change. Finally the renegotiated
change must pass back through the other Work Packages to ensure they still
agree. When this is all done, then everyone can implement the change.
Compound this problem by the literally hundreds of changes that may be in
circulation at any given time, and it is no wonder these guys have trouble.
Of course it helps if everyone has established an original baseline against
which changes are to be judged. In the case of SS, the change process
had started before any of the full scale development contracts had even been
awarded, placing the tentative program in turmoil from the beginning.
No sooner had authorization to proceed been given, than several significant
requirements changes were introduced to the contractors as directives.
Before anyone had time to settle in to the contracts that had been awarded,
they were already being changed in big chunks.
Aside from the normal day-to-day changes required to just get the requirements
nailed down, every year or so NASA recognizes that some major aspect of the
program is wrong. Sometimes it is the budget, other times the schedule.
Still other times the problem is weight, power, EVA time, debris protection,
or resupply requirements. During these exercises, other considerations
are typically set aside while the crisis of the hour is resolved. Since
all of these aspects are interrelated, there is little that can happen in
one area that does not result in changes elsewhere, some bigger than others,
some much bigger. And they all seem to end up costing more.
Even the exercises that have cost as the primary motivator end up costing
more. Congressional budget cycles being what they are, the major concern
is the cost this year or next year, rarely as many as 5 years from now, and
hardly ever as far ahead as the 30 year SS operational lifetime.
Programs planned in excruciating detail to \'d2work\'d3 in a particular
funding profile no sooner have settled into that profile than are caught
up in a study to reassess and cut near term costs. There have been
at least six redesign efforts since full scale development contracts were
awarded in December 1987.
As an example, the Configuration Budget Review (CBR) was supposed to lower
the program costs in fiscal years 1990 and 1991. Instead it turned out
to add cost, complexity, schedule delays, and frustration to the program from
top to bottom. The contractors could have known this would happen, and
they might have been able to pull NASA in line by refusing to support it.
But there is not much incentive for them to fail to go along - the more the
project costs and the longer it takes to build, the more the contractors
make on the deal. Every change that is approved means that much greater
award fee, and the CBR was one gigantic change.
The original bid price for the portion of the SS managed by MSFC in 1987
was approximately $800 Million. In 1988 the price was renegotiated to
account for changes requested by NASA for a total price in excess of $1.5
Billion. The cost of the \'d2Rephased Program\'d3 resulting from the
CBR changes was close to $2.1 Billion. In 1993, the value of this contract
is reported to be $2.7B [R. W. Stander & R. Abramson, Los Angeles Times,
Assembly Sequence Misunderstandings
Understanding of the assembly sequence has driven more of the configuration,
capability, schedule, and budget of the station, than any other aspect of
Or rather, misunderstanding of the assembly sequence. From the start
the complexities of assembling large space structures in earth orbit were
not well appreciated. This combined with the unknown SS mission to create
a design that was continually being reworked to meet the need of the moment.
The program cycled through studies with emphasis on weights to meet the shuttle
capability, then emphasis on costs, schedules, and back to weight, with occasional
interruptions for investigations into power and EVA requirements.
To help understand the complexities of on-orbit spacecraft assembly, NASA
arranged the EASE/ACCESS orbital flight experiment to demonstrate space construction
techniques. Due in part to the success of this experiment, NASA decided
to baseline an erectable truss instead of a deployable one. But the
problem with that decision was that the truss is only the frame, the backbone.
Ask what was to be attached to that truss and the answer gets complicated.
The more the truss was analyzed, the more it became clear that it was being
used to support plumbing, cabling, and attachments for all sorts of fixtures
ranging from propulsion modules to control moment gyros, communications antennae,
EVA translation aids, trays to protect the plumbing and cables, radiators,
solar arrays, batteries, radiators for the solar arrays, make-up gases for
atmosphere, the pressurized modules, airlock, Shuttle docking adapters, and
various other items.
All of these additions made that experiment on the shuttle in December of
1985 a gross simplification. Finally, in 1990 NASA decided to abandon
the erectable truss design in favor of a ground integrated truss.
As the new space station design emerges from NASA and the White House for
congressional review, it appears that at least some of these lessons are going
to be learned again: the configuration favored by the administration
and congress is characterized by NASA as risky from the standpoint of assembling
and maintaining the station [D. Pendick, 'Freedom's redesigns reach the White
House,' Science News, 6/19/93, 389].
A rock and a hard place
Weight is critical parameter in most aerospace systems; it has been
particularly so for the Space Station. The key is to balance the weight
of the hardware against the lift capability of the launch vehicle. The
shuttle performance is an unforgiving constraint; it can lift only so
much into space at a time. Running in conflict with this limit is the
weight of all things.
A contributing factor that placed the assembly sequence in such a mess was
the consistent insistence on the part of NASA to refuse to recognize how much
things would actually weigh. The goal is always to jam as much equipment
into the orbiter as possible, but this problem was always simplified or ignored
by making assumptions that equipment will not weigh as much.
For example, NASA was initially convinced that two of the elements called
Resource Nodes, fully outfitted at the time, should be able to fly on a single
shuttle flight. The little fact that this could only work if some of
the radial berthing ports were eliminated was glossed over. Similar
assumptions that the systems were exceptionally light weight allowed NASA
to conclude in 1986 that the entire dual keel station could be assembled in
19 shuttle flights.
At the start of the full scale development program, with each proposal delivered
by the contractors came a set of corresponding weight estimates aimed at meeting
the NASA allocations. Following contract awards, many design changes
were made to add more features and capabilities, but the implications on
system weights were not addressed by the program management for many months.
Furthermore, reserves were not explicitly retained to account for additional
capability or for technical problems downstream. So as the capability
grew, so did the weights, by leaps and bounds.
By the time this story started to reach Level II, the weights placed the
assembly sequence in serious trouble. Iteration after iteration of the
sequence would band-aid the problem, allowing a little weight relief here
or there. Compounding the issue was the periodic reduction in shuttle
lift capability, or recognition of some additional EVA that had to be performed,
or determination that the assembly altitude had to be just a few miles higher
to keep the whole thing from falling to earth.
The assembly sequence iterations were made with such frequency, and with
such minor variations one from another, that at one point each version was
given a name. The significance of subsequent comparisons to hurricanes
was not lost on anyone working the problem. At another time during the
program, assembly sequence variants were being developed at such a rate that
they were known by the date and time stamp shown on the summary.
Weight and power improvements gained at great cost in performance or actual
dollars were squandered due to inadequate control over the design and its
evolution. More was blundered away as NASA Level II again failed to
recognize the true weight and power estimates coming from the work packages.
For example, when the weight allocations were handed down by Level II, margins
for contingencies were sometimes eliminated. For some new hardware items
the Level II allocations were based on the most light weight numbers they
happened to have on hand, regardless of their relative fidelity. For
power, when one new program configuration was defined, the design had only
75% as much power available than before. Once again, lower allocations
were the response.
NASA Level II would consistently ignore data provided by the work packages
relative to weight and power allocations. Their objective was not to
define consistent performance and resource requirements, but to brew up resource
allocations that were consistent with the tale being told on capitol hill.
In retrospect, I believe NASA could not face reporting to congress that
the SS could not be assembled in twenty flights (or 24, or 13, or whatever
the fashionable number was at the time). The reason was that Congress
would perhaps cancel the whole program. On the other hand, perhaps
NASA was simply engaged in delaying tactics, with the premise being that
if they could just get the political ground softened by having a few more
thousand contractors working on SS, then when the piper was paid in the form
of additional shuttle assembly flights, the spectacle would not collapse.
If so, that approach seems to have worked for another year.
Shuttle Launch Costs
All of that brings up another strange aspect of the NASA Space Station dilemma
- that of the relationship to cost of use of the Shuttle fleet. Frequently
the value of a pound of payload delivered to orbit by the shuttle is attempted
to be calculated.
Shuttle launch costs vary quite a bit depending upon who is doing the calculating.
Estimates range from ~$70M to ~$300M per flight. The low end is
cited as the incremental costs to perform a single launch, assuming there
have been other launches in the year in question. But the low estimate
fails to consider the development costs that have been expended, as well as
the costs to create and maintain the standing army of NASA and contractor
people who are hanging around in case there is a Shuttle launch. Nor
does it consider replacement costs for Orbiters that wear out over time, let
alone those that fail catastrophically.
It is crucially important to have confidence in the launch cost figure,
because this is a figure used frequently to justify spacecraft characteristics.
The launch costs are often converted into dollars per pound payload.
When they are, one can compare the cost of making a design change with the
'savings' or 'cost' in launch expenses. By using your favorite value
for shuttle launch costs, almost any conclusion can be reached.
The risks involved with flying the Shuttles is also an element rarely spoken
out loud. The Challenger disaster can easily be repeated, potentially
leaving a partially assembled spacecraft in orbit. Or perhaps worse,
leaving a crew of four to eight people on board with no way back to earth.
But SS is not at risk only to the magnitude of failure that Challenger represented
- launch delays occur on almost every flight the shuttle makes. The
assembly sequence, and subsequent resupply flights have been scheduled to
occur every 45 days, but SS capabilities are so tightly balanced that any
delay may result in crew members beginning to consume their reserves.
Similarly, lack of orbit reboost propellants leave crew members with an unsatisfying
choice: 1) immediately boost the station much higher and make it more
difficult for the Shuttle to reach it again, 2) allow the station's orbit
to decay further and risk further delays in the shuttle launch, or 3) boost
the orbit just a bit, use up the most propellants, and still risk the further
Shuttle. launch delays. The latest shuttle flight is now late three
Here is an example of one of the circles that NASA runs in. Back in
1985, the SS propulsion system was based on hydrazine propellant, because
it was relatively well understood and inexpensive to develop. In 1986,
studies of a hydrogen/oxygen (H/O) system indicated that there would be operations
costs savings as a result of higher performance, with some added development
costs that could pay off in the first year of operation. As a consequence,
the design was changed to the H/O system. However, the objective of
the cost cutting review in 1989 was to reduce expenses in fiscal years 1990
and 1991. In such an environment the only conclusion is that the H/O
system is a terrible choice - Hydrazine is the best thing for Space Station!
And so it was, decisions were made, paths taken, and the H/O system went back
to the wayside.
The propulsion system is also an example of how the development responsibilities
were traded among the various NASA field centers. MSFC has for decades
been known for its expertise in propulsion systems. It was at MSFC that
Von Braun and company set up to build the Saturn vehicle that delivered Apollo
to the moon. MSFC is also responsible for the main engines and solid
rocket motors of the Space Shuttle. One would think that with all of
that experience MSFC would be responsible for Space Station propulsion development.
Well, they are not, JSC is. On the other hand, environmental control
systems have in the past been the responsibility of JSC, yet on SS MSFC does
Those who will not learn from the past . . .
The Configuration Budget Review (CBR) mentioned earlier struck the program
in August of 1989 as a cost saving exercise driven by recent congressional
funding action. Unfortunately, the only cost savings allowed were those
that saved money in the following two fiscal years. The whole program
was running around, preparing presentations, trying to prove that they could
reduce outlays in the next two years. Generally the result would increase
the long term costs both in real contract terms and in more intangible measures
such as shuttle flights.
These presentations were prepared in a matter of days, with loose ends left
for the clean up that would take the next year to re-baseline, prepare proposals,
and negotiate contracts. And loose ends there were. How could
there not be, when the program had not even fully agreed to a baseline that
would satisfy each party. How many holes through the program were created
by the CBR, simply because no one had the time to fully evaluate the implications
of the changes that were being made?
The SS program has been caught in one fire drill after another. The
fire drill of the minute mentality doesn't allow for assessing implications
of changes until the decision has already been made. The program then
goes off to make whatever change has been directed, and only later realizes
the unresolved issues with the original decision, most with cost increases
tied to them. And the cost to change now is even more because everyone
has already reset. Not to mention the time lost, frustration, dissatisfaction,
. . . . are doomed to repeat it
The NASA space station appears to have survived the congressional budget
battle this year. Now, the new redesign of the space station is being
assessed. The redesign option was developed in just 90 days. How
many disconnects remain to be uncovered is anyone's guess, but more likely
than not they will be finding them for many months to come, especially since
it appears as if a major management shakeup is in the works for the same
time [A. Lawler, Redesign Team Recommends Radical Space Station Management
Changes, Space News, 6/14/93, 10]. It will take another month for congress
to decide definitively on this year's space station, eight months more to
prepare and negotiate new contracts, and by that time a new budget cycle will
have begun, forcing implementation of this change to occur in the face of
the next change. If past experience is any indication, no sooner will
a new baseline be established than another revised program plan will be in
development. The result will be an even more reduced space station that
will take longer to build and cost even more to develop and operate.
copyright John R Palmer 1993 | aerospace |
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https://s127041.gridserver.com/.tmb/journal/6nmqq7b.php?e5b311=mars-probe | 2021-10-19T11:16:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585265.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019105138-20211019135138-00050.warc.gz | 0.700065 | 2,703 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__241607848 | en | So far, the probe has performed two mid-course correction maneuvers to fine-tune its path toward Mars, setting up for a critical burn to enter orbit around the Red Planet in February. Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) Measures the radiation environment near Mars. This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 08:13. Unfortunately, communications with the lander ceased after only a few seconds. The mission returned images of the Martian surface. Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) - Acquired narrow-angle and wide-angle images of weather patterns and surface features. The Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) serves as a context imager for the LIBS instrument. The United States launched a pair of Mars Exploration Rovers in 2003.
Mars Science Laboratory Website, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The probe successfully landed at Chryse Planitia. The launch occured at Vandenberg Air force Base, launch complex SLC-3E. /CCTV. Each rover successfully landed on the red planet in January of the following year. Disaster struck in 1998.
The mission was launched in November 2013 on a PSLV-XL rocket. On 19 December 2003, Mars Express released the Beagle 2 lander.
The failure occurred at the second ignition of the Proton Block D-2 upper stage, while the spacecraft was out of range of Russian ground stations. The sterilized capsule, including heat-resistant areroshell, was encapsulated in a pressurized cocoon known as the bioshield. The Orbiter portion of the spacecraft entered orbit and returned data for several months. Mars 2 was launched on 19 May 1971. As the probe neared the ground, the three terminal descent engines would fire. "Upon further analysis, we believe it is reasonable that the impact was in fact on land. There is disagreement between American and Russian sources on the timeline.. When controllers believed a suitable landing site had been found, the lander would separate form the orbiter and begin its descent into the atmosphere. Chemistry & Mineralogy X-Ray Diffraction/X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument (CheMin) - Will be used to identify and measure concentrations of minerals in Martian rock samples. Studies of planet structure were to find the thickness of the crust, study the Martian magnetic field, study of thermal flux, search for the possibility of active volcanoes, and study seismic activity. The launch vehicle was an Atlas V rocket. Volgens de organisatie werd de haalbaarheid van het project onderzocht door experts, waaronder de financiële, psychologische en ethische aspecten.. The rovers both operated for years beyond their 90 day design life. The later launch of Opportunity required a more powerful rocket then Spirit needed. Included within the SAM is a mass spectrometer, a tunable laser spectrometer and a gas chromatograph. Er zijn 50 mannen en 50 vrouwen geselecteerd, waaronder Brad uit België (maar geen Nederlander). Both landing sequences were identical. Mast Camera (Mastcam) - A pair of cameras mounted on the mast, approximately two meters above the planets surface.
The Viking 2 spacecraft launched on 9 September 1975 and entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976. They can be broken down into several categories. In the images, Tianwen 1’s solar array wings and dish-shaped high-gain communications antenna are prominently visible. Each experiment was performed multiple times on different soil samples. , Het project staat los van de organisatie Mars Society. NASA’s Perseverance rover and the Hope orbiter developed by the United Arab Emirates also launched in July, and are on track to arrive at Mars in February.
Mission planners developed a new trajectory that would reach Mars in December 2003, four years later then originally planned. Hiervan kwam de grootste groep (297) uit de Verenigde Staten, gevolgd door Canada (75) en India (62).
Mariner 8 (Mariner H) was launched on 8 May 1971. At launch, the lander was attached to the orbiter. , Mars One heeft kritiek uit verschillende hoeken gekregen. 1929 ließ Dorothy L. Sayers im Kriminalroman Strong Poison Lord Peter Wimsey und seinen Diener Bunter den Test in der von Berzelius modifizierten Variante durchführen. Check out the latest offerings from NASA. In mei 2013 had SpaceX nog geen contract gesloten met Mars One. Daarnaast kunnen experts kandidaten selecteren om naar de volgende ronde te gaan.. Mars Color Imager (MARCI) - An assembly of two cameras, wide angle and medium angle, to image the Martian atmosphere and surface. The fourth stage re-entered on a later orbit. The lander, released shortly before reaching Mars, malfunctioned and crashed into the surface of Mars. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is equipped with an array of scientific instruments to gather information about the history of water on Mars. After 20–22 hours, the Penetrator would encounter the Martian atmosphere.
Launched in 1971, the Soviet Mars 2 and 3 missions each consisted of an orbiter and a lander component. Hoewel al deze kandidaten even geschikt zullen zijn, zullen de eerste vier die naar Mars gaan waarschijnlijk door het kijkpubliek gekozen worden. The orbiter was turned off on 25 July 1978. Waarschijnlijk zullen de pakken ontwikkeld worden door het bedrijf ILC Dover. A small lander, Beagle 2, was carried to Mars on the Mars Express spacecraft. The white section of the spacecraft is the mission’s entry module and heat shield, which contains a Chinese rover designed to land on Mars and explore the surface. No further contact was made with the spacecraft. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) - A spectrometer used to analyze the composition of rock and soil samples.
The spacecraft continues to operate. Chemistry & Camera (ChemCam) - The ChemCam consists of two components. Power is provided by a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, or RTG. As the spacecraft neared the ground, a number of large airbags inflated, completely covering the folded, four-sided lander. (Photos: Richard Kruse, 2009). More problems arose and the spacecraft did not enter Mars orbit. , Het pak dat door de kolonisten buiten gedragen zal worden moet flexibel genoeg zijn om te kunnen werken met moeilijke bouwmaterialen en verfijnde apparatuur. Some of the equipment designs from Mars 96 were used for Mars 500 experiments. Near the surface, the parachute and aeroshell separated from the spacecraft. Arsenik wird durch naszierenden Wasserstoff zu gasförmigem Arsenwasserstoff reduziert.
Less capable versions of this experiment equipped the earlier Sojourner and Mars Exploration Rovers. The six-wheeled rover, named Sojourner, was equipped with cameras and an Alpha-Proton-X-ray Spectrometer (APXS). , De landers zullen naar verwachting gebaseerd zijn op de SpaceX Dragon. Two wide-angle lenses on the deployable camera were programmed to one image every second. In 2015 gaf Mars One aan dat de volgende stappen gepland zijn: Het doel van de organisatie is om, na de landing van het eerste team, elke twee jaar vier nieuwe kolonisten naar Mars te sturen. So far, the probe has performed two mid-course correction maneuvers to fine-tune its path toward Mars, setting up for a critical burn to enter orbit around the Red Planet in February. After the propulsion unit was jettisoned, the orbiter had a low power thrust system for orbit maintenance. De volgende tijdlijn voor het project werd gepresenteerd:. Ze zullen ook hun eigen voedsel moeten kweken. SpaceX executive pitches Starship for space debris cleanup, Atlas 5 launch from Cape Canaveral scheduled for next week, China launches three military spy satellites, Russia launches Glonass navigation satellite, Water molecules detected on moon’s sunlit surface, adding impetus to Artemis, © 1999-2018 Spaceflight Now / Pole Star Publications Ltd, Video: JPL’s Rob Manning explains InSight’s entry, descent and landing, All systems go for launch of InSight, a mission to reveal the inside of Mars, Video highlights from Chandrayaan 2’s launch campaign. The Viking program consisted of two orbiters and two landers. The combined spacecraft would enter Mars orbit. Contact with the probe was lost in August 1993. After release, the spacecraft would perform a deflection maneuver to change the orbiter's trajectory to a fly-by path in preparation for orbit insertion. Three cameras, an atmospheric sounder, a subsurface sounding radar, and an imaging spectrometer. During the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, the probe will be affected by the deviation of orbit entry and control accuracy. During the 2003 launch window, NASA sent the twin Mars Exploration Rovers to the red planet. Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) - A package of equipment that included a stereo imager, a robotic arm, a weather station, and a gas analyzer. In elke regio zullen naar planning 20 tot 40 kandidaten deelnemen aan uitdagingen om hun geschiktheid aan te tonen. The spacecraft reached Mars in September 1999, but failed to enter orbit as planned. The launch vehicle was a Delta-II rocket (right). Die Marshsche Probe ist eine klassische Nachweisreaktion in der Chemie und Gerichtsmedizin für Arsen, Antimon und Germanium.Sie wurde 1836 von dem englischen Chemiker James Marsh entwickelt. A 5 degree-of-freedom robotic arm is mounted on the front of the rover.
Mars Odyssey carried three scientific instruments.
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) represents India's first mission to another planet.
Later it was to re-ignite to begin the trans-Mars injection maneuver.
Mars is as close as your living room, thanks to lesson plans and activities for educators, parents and students. The twin Mars Exploration Rovers, known as Spirit (MER-A), and Opportunity (MER-B), were launched on separate Delta II rockets in 2003. Der nach Zugabe einer Arsenik enthaltenden Probe im Gefäß entstehende Arsenwasserstoff zersetzt sich in der Flamme und bildet an einem dort hineingehaltenen Porzellanstück einen schwarzen sogenannten Arsenspiegel. The probes were known as Deep Space 2. Mars 3 was launched on 28 May 1971. The lander, released shortly before reaching Mars, became the first probe to successfully land on the surface of Mars.
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https://robocrafthq.com/spacex-launch-liftoff-time-live-stream-and-nasa-astronauts/ | 2021-01-25T15:52:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703587074.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20210125154534-20210125184534-00430.warc.gz | 0.934964 | 743 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__155326339 | en | SpaceX launch: liftoff time, live stream, and NASA astronauts
The SpaceX launch is go for liftoff, with weather conditions seeming favorable. The official launch time, 4:33pm EDT (that's 9:33pm BST for everyone in the UK), is just under an hour from now, and we have the launch live stream video embedded below.
Today's historic SpaceX Demo-2 mission is happening at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. It's the first such launch on American soil in nearly a decade – since NASA retired the Space Shuttle in 2011. It's also the first time that a SpaceX reusable spacecraft will be sending NASA astronauts into space.
The destination of this SpaceX launch? The International Space Station (ISS) for a one- to four-month duration for NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken, according to our friends over at Space.com.
We, of course, have more questions answered. What time is the SpaceX launch live streaming starting in your region of the world? What's happened so far that you've missed? And who are the lucky astronauts? We have all of that information below.
SpaceX launch time
The official Demo-2 SpaceX launch time is 4:33pm EDT. Across the continental US, you'll be able to see it at 3:33pm CDT / 2:33pm MDT / 1:33pm PDT. You may want to show up a couple of minutes ahead of time to take in the rocket while grounded.
The UK SpaceX launch time will be 21:33 BST. In addition to tuning into the video live stream, you should go outside and see if you can catch a glimpse of the SpaceX-built spacecraft in the sky at 21:50 BST.
In Australia, it'll already be Thursday, with the launch time occurring at 6:33am ACT. If today's mission happens to be scrapped for any reason (weather was and still is a concern for this countdown), then the next possible day for a launch is Saturday.
How to watch the SpaceX launch
Live YouTube video is already up-and-running ahead of the launch time, with both the official NASA and SpaceX accounts offering a live stream of the preparations. You don't have to tune into both – they're offering the same content.
You can start watching the SpaceX launch here:
In fact, we just saw SpaceX founder Elon Musk visit suited up astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken, exchanging a few words before liftoff time. Musk then went to greet US Vice President Mike Pence, who is there to watch the launch (President Donald Trump is also expected), while Hurley and Behnken traveled to the launch site in a Tesla Model X (Tesla being another company Musk founded).
SpaceX spacecraft, SpaceX suits and NASA astronauts
Astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken are inside the Dragon capsule, which sits atop the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. It's situated on a launch pad at legendary Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida’s Cape Canaveral. LC-39A was originally built for the Apollo missions and remodeled for the Space Shuttle program.
Hurley (the spacecraft commander) and Behnken (the joint operations commander) are NASA astronauts, engineers and both former members of US military (Hurley is a former marine, while Behnken was in the US Air Force).
The two-man NASA crew is not only flying in a SpaceX-built craft, but also outfitted in SpaceX pressurized suits, first shown off in 2017.
Developing with live updates… | aerospace |
https://asianthinktank.com/space-force-opens-indopacom-component-process-questions-remain/ | 2022-11-28T09:38:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710488.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128070816-20221128100816-00711.warc.gz | 0.860979 | 184 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__26258011 | en | Home Aerospace and Defense Space Force opens INDOPACOM component, process questions remain Space Force opens INDOPACOM component, process questions remain November 23, 2022 1 FacebookTwitterPinterestWhatsAppLinkedinReddItTumblrTelegram The new Space Forces – Indo-Pacific component command is headed by Brig. Gen. Anthony Mastalir, and comprises 21 Guardians embedded at US Indo-Pacific Command. RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR Aerospace and Defense Top Polish general: No need for Ukrainian forces to change tactics near border Aerospace and Defense UK increases Ukrainian military support, delivers first helicopter Aerospace and Defense There is no panacea, competition with China occurs in peace and war LEAVE A REPLY Cancel reply Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here You have entered an incorrect email address! Please enter your email address here Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. | aerospace |
http://futureurbanism.blogspot.com/2011/11/paris-charles-de-gaulle-terminal-3.html | 2019-01-21T09:39:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583771929.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20190121090642-20190121112642-00328.warc.gz | 0.903857 | 124 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__205752999 | en | |The expansion will make the terminal able to handle 56 Airbus A380s or 112 Airbus A320s at the same time.|
|The current terminal 3 will be expanded, but still handle regional jets.|
|The airlines could have their own private area for their passengers, but still corporate closely with the other airlines using the airport.|
|The four cargo halls will make this terminal unlike any other terminals in the world, because passenger and cargo aircraft can stand side by side allowing world class service and efficiency.|
All cargo will flow under ground level to the cargo terminals behind the aircraft stands. | aerospace |
http://www.impeachobamacampaign.com/drone-sighting-reported-near-nyc-airport/ | 2013-12-06T21:43:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052641/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00048-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.933012 | 205 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__191817948 | en | Federal officials are investigating a pilot’s report that he saw a small, unmanned drone flying near New York City’s John F Kennedy International Airport.
The FBI and the US Federal Aviation Administration are both looking into Monday’s report by an Alitalia pilot who said he saw the craft as he approached a JFK runway.
The pilot described to air traffic controllers a drone that he said was about 3ft (1 metre) wide and flying about five miles (8km) east of the busy air hub at an altitude of about 1,500ft (457 metres).
A web site that catalogues air traffic radio communications, LiveATC.net, posted audio of the pilot saying, “We saw a drone, a drone aircraft.”
The craft reportedly came within 200ft (61 metres) of the Alitalia jet.
Read More at news.sky.com . By Sky News US Team.
Photo credit: axeman3d (Creative Commons) | aerospace |
https://langford.ca/nasas-perseverance-rover-to-drill-into-mars-using-part-made-in-langford/ | 2023-09-25T12:14:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233508977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925115505-20230925145505-00126.warc.gz | 0.944242 | 577 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__206518213 | en | NASA’s Perseverance rover to drill into Mars using part made in Langford
When the Perseverance rover successfully landed on Mars last month, it arrived with a B.C.-made tool in its figurative tool belt.
The six-wheeled, plutonium-powered U.S. rover landed on the red planet on Feb. 18, with a mandate to drill down and collect tiny geological specimens that will be returned to NASA in about 2031. That drilling will be done using a drill bit tip designed and manufactured by a company based in Langford, B.C.
“It has great wear and fracture resistance so it is perfect for a Mars application,” said Ron Sivorat, business director for Kennametal Inc., during an interview on CBC’s All Points West.
The drill bit tip is made from K92-grade tungsten carbide blanks, which Sivorat said are one of the toughest grades used for drilling here on earth and he is confident it will be good enough for Mars.
According to Sivorat, the company has had a relationship with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 2014, when the space agency first began ordering and testing Kennametal Inc. drill bit tips. In 2018, the company learned NASA wanted to work with it to build a bit for Perseverance.
Sivorat said staff built the drill bit to NASA’s specifications and then sent it to the agency who finessed it somewhat for its Mars mission.
When Perseverance landed safely on the fourth planet from the sun, it was an exciting moment for Kennametal Inc. employees, many of whom watched the landing online and are continuing to check on Perservance’s daily progress updates.
“We know that we are going to be part of, in one way or another, an historical event that will be remembered for many years to come,” said Sivorat.
Sivorat said he expects the drill bit built in B.C. to start penetrating the surface of Mars in the next couple of weeks.
And B.C. is not the only Canadian province with a connection to Perseverance.
Canadian Photonic Labs, based in Minnedosa, Man., manufactured a high-speed and highly-durable camera that played an instrumental role in landing the rover.
The Manitoba company’s relationship with NASA dates back roughly 15 years, he said — but much of the work that’s happened in that time has been cloaked in secrecy. | aerospace |
https://digondesign.com/blog/drone-photography/what-happens-if-you-fly-a-drone-without-remote-id/ | 2023-12-01T06:42:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100276.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201053039-20231201083039-00629.warc.gz | 0.909631 | 1,415 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__264400414 | en | If you’re thinking about flying a drone without Remote ID, you should be aware of the potential penalties, legal consequences, and risks involved. Operating a drone without Remote ID can lead to hefty fines and even legal trouble.
Not only does it compromise drone safety, but it also puts others at risk. In this article, we will explore the impact of flying a drone without Remote ID and the enforcement measures that are in place.
So, before taking off, make sure you understand the consequences.
- Flying a drone without Remote ID can lead to hefty fines and the suspension or revocation of your drone pilot license.
- Operating a drone without Remote ID can result in fines of up to $35,000 for each violation and the confiscation of your drone.
- Criminal charges may be imposed for operating a drone without Remote ID.
- Flying a drone without Remote ID raises privacy concerns, compromises public safety, and makes it difficult to monitor and control unauthorized drone activities.
Potential Penalties for Flying a Drone Without Remote ID
If you fly a drone without Remote ID, you could face potential penalties.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has implemented regulations to ensure the safe operation of drones in the national airspace. One of these regulations is the requirement for drones to have Remote ID, which allows for the identification and tracking of drones in real time.
Failure to comply with this regulation can result in possible fines and other consequences. The FAA has the authority to impose civil penalties for violations of drone regulations, with fines ranging from hundreds of dollars to thousands of dollars depending on the severity of the offense.
Additionally, flying a drone without Remote ID may also lead to the suspension or revocation of your drone pilot license.
It is crucial to familiarize yourself with the FAA regulations and ensure your drone is equipped with Remote ID to avoid potential penalties.
Legal Consequences of Operating a Drone Without Remote ID
Operating a drone without remote ID can result in potential legal consequences for you, such as fines or penalties. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires all drones weighing over 0.55 pounds to have remote identification, which allows authorities to identify and track drones in real-time. Failure to comply with this regulation can lead to serious legal ramifications.
If caught flying a drone without remote ID, you may face fines of up to $35,000 for each violation. In addition to financial penalties, your drone may be confiscated, and you could also face criminal charges.
The purpose of remote ID is to enhance safety and security in the airspace, as it enables authorities to easily identify and locate drones, ensuring accountability and preventing unauthorized activities.
To avoid potential fines and legal issues, it is crucial to comply with the remote ID requirements set by the FAA.
Risks of Flying a Drone Without Remote ID
When you fly a drone without remote ID, you run the risk of facing serious legal consequences. Not only does it violate federal regulations, but it also raises significant privacy concerns and compromises public safety.
Remote ID is a system that allows authorities to identify and track drones in real-time, ensuring accountability and protecting airspace integrity. By not complying with this requirement, you put yourself at risk of fines, penalties, and even criminal charges.
However, the consequences extend beyond legal issues. Flying a drone without remote ID raises concerns about invasion of privacy, as it becomes difficult to monitor and control unauthorized drone activities. Additionally, without remote ID, it becomes challenging to ensure public safety, as drones can potentially interfere with other aircraft, emergency operations, or sensitive areas.
It is crucial to understand and adhere to the regulations to avoid these risks and contribute to a safer airspace environment.
Impact on Drone Safety Without Remote ID
The impact on drone safety is significant without remote ID. It compromises accountability and makes it difficult to ensure airspace integrity. Safety concerns arise when drones operate without remote identification. It becomes challenging for authorities to track and identify rogue or malfunctioning drones. Without remote ID, it becomes nearly impossible to hold drone operators accountable for any safety violations or accidents that may occur. This lack of accountability poses a risk to both people and property.
Additionally, privacy implications come into play when drones are flown without remote ID. Without the ability to identify the operator or the purpose of the flight, individuals may feel their privacy is being violated. Remote ID plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and privacy of both the drone operators and the general public.
Enforcement Measures for Drones Operating Without Remote ID
To ensure compliance with remote ID regulations, you should familiarize yourself with the enforcement measures in place for drones.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has implemented strict rules to regulate the operation of drones without remote ID. If you fly a drone without remote ID or fail to comply with the regulations, there are serious consequences to consider.
Non-compliant drone operators may face fines, penalties, and even criminal charges. The FAA has the authority to take enforcement actions against those who violate the rules, including revoking their pilot certificates or imposing civil penalties.
Additionally, law enforcement agencies have the power to confiscate drones operated without remote ID and take legal action against the operators.
It is crucial to understand the potential repercussions of non-compliance with remote ID regulations to avoid any legal issues and ensure the safe and responsible operation of drones.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Still Fly a Drone Without Remote ID in Certain Areas or Under Specific Circumstances?
In specific areas or under certain circumstances, you may still be able to fly a drone without remote ID. However, it’s important to note that this can vary depending on local regulations and restrictions.
Is Remote ID Required for Recreational Drone Use or Only for Commercial Purposes?
To fly a recreational drone, you must comply with Remote ID requirements. These apply to both commercial and recreational drone use. Without Remote ID, you risk penalties and legal consequences. Ensure you understand and follow the rules to avoid any issues.
What Steps Can I Take to Ensure My Drone Is in Compliance With Remote ID Regulations?
To ensure your drone is in compliance with remote ID regulations, follow this drone compliance checklist. Understand the remote ID implementation challenges and make sure your drone has the necessary identification and broadcasting capabilities.
How Does Remote ID Affect the Privacy of IndivIDuals on the Ground?
Privacy concerns and legal implications arise with Remote ID. It allows authorities to identify and track your drone, potentially compromising personal privacy. Failure to comply with Remote ID regulations can result in penalties and legal consequences.
Are There Any Exceptions or Waivers Available for IndivIDuals Who Are Unable to Comply With Remote ID Requirements Due to Technical Limitations or Other Reasons?
If you are unable to comply with remote ID requirements due to technical limitations or other reasons, there may be exceptions or waivers available. However, it’s important to consider the impact on privacy and ensure compliance whenever possible. | aerospace |
http://www.apolloartifacts.com/2008/04/gene-cernans-ap.html | 2014-12-21T15:46:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802771592.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075251-00049-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.964923 | 823 | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-52__0__101728725 | en | This beta cloth Astronaut Preference Kit belonged to Apollo 17 Commander Gene Cernan "the last man on the moon" and was flown to the lunar surface. The APK was carried to lunar orbit in December 1972 aboard the Command Module America and was then transferred to the Lunar Module Challenger for the descent to the moon.
This bag remained on the moon inside the LM for more than three days, the longest stay of any lunar mission. After docking with the command module in lunar orbit after lunar surface operations, the APK was transferred back into America for the return trip to Earth. In total, this APK spent more than twelve and a half days in space, and a record of more than six days in lunar orbit or on the surface. It traveled a remarkable 1.3 million miles during the mission.
The Apollo 17 lunar landing site was the Taurus-Littrow highlands and valley area. This site was picked as a location where rocks both older and younger than those previously returned from other Apollo missions. Apollo 17 was the final in a series of three J-type missions planned for the Apollo program. These J-type missions can be distinguished from previous G and H-series missions by extended hardware capability, larger scientific payload capacity and by the use of the battery powered Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV).
APKs were permitted by NASA to contain items for the astronauts' personal use, or for use by them as personal gifts. APKs carried on board the Lunar Module were limited to just one half pound per astronaut.
The APK, marked "SEC 12100087-301 S/N 1007 ASTRONAUT KIT," appears in the Apollo Storage List for mission J-3, CM 114, LM-12 dated 12-12-72. The bag is approximately 4" x 8" x 1.5" with a drawstring top and original red wax seal. It has been cut open around the back near the top.
Also included in the collection is the original NASA Astronaut Preference Kit Release Form for this APK. The form (click the photo to see a larger image), signed by Gene Cernan and Tom Stafford, acknowledges receipt of the Astronaut Preference Kit from Command Module 114. Dated December 21, 1972 (two days after the return of Apollo 17), this official form shows all of the steps necessary for the transfer of the APK from NASA to Captain Cernan after the flight. At the time, Tom Stafford was Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations at the NASA Manned Spaceflight Center and was responsible for assisting the director in planning and implementation of programs for the astronaut group.
Apollo 17 was the first mission to be under scrutiny after the discovery of a stash of unauthorized postal covers that were flown on Apollo 15 and subsequently sold. Apollo 16 had already flown by the time of the Apollo 15 discovery. The Astronaut Preference Kit Policy permitted Apollo flight crew to carry certain items of a personal nature on each manned spacecraft flight and the items must have been carried in an approved Astronaut Preference Kit. The articles carried in the APK are for the astronauts' personal use, or for use by them as personal gifts.
We discussed the contents of the APK and he quickly recalled most of the items that he carried in the bag. He said that in total there were only about a dozen items flown to the lunar surface in his APK.
- American flag that had also flown on Gemini 9A and Apollo 10
- Gemini 9A patch that had also flown on Gemini 9A and Apollo 10
- Apollo 10 patch that had also flown on Apollo 10
- Apollo 17 patch
- Silver dollar that had also flown on Gemini 9A and Apollo 10
- $2.00 bill that had also flown on Gemini 9A and Apollo 10
- His mother’s rosary that had also flown on Gemini 9A and Apollo 10
- Photographs of his wife and daughter
- Three Apollo 17 gold medallions
- His wedding ring | aerospace |
http://bristolcars.blogspot.com/2010/03/lives-and-costbenefit-analysis.html | 2022-12-08T02:33:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711232.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20221208014204-20221208044204-00741.warc.gz | 0.972799 | 517 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__286076049 | en | The one we haven't covered yet was an 11 year old, Alexander Bjoroy, flying to Clifton College from Brazil. Here's the school with a US flag at half mast. Why the US flag? At half mast? The Omaha Beach landings of D-Day were planned here by the US army. Decisions were made there that impacted the lives of people all round the world. After the war, the US army presented their flag -this one is apparently a replacement which formerly flew above the US Congress.
In 2009, Alexander Bjoroy died because of other decisions made. Der Spiegel has put up a fairly bleak an analysis of what happened on AF-447.
- With the passenger and freight loads of the flight from Rio to Paris, the only way the Airbus 330 had the fuel capacity for flight + minimum emergency fuel was by pretending the destination was Bordeaux, and then, if when they get close to there and they "happen" to have enough fuel, continuing to Paris. Yet the landing costs and delays aren't included in the schedule, so it's not something the pilots are actually encouraged to do.
- There was a storm, and without the surplus fuel, the pilots chose to fly through it, rather than round.
- All three pitot tubes, which measure airspeed, froze. The online computer didn't know what to do.
- The airplane stalled and fell out the sky. Attempts to restart the flight computer were recorded by messages sent from the airplane's computer to Air France, but they clearly had no effect.
- The plane crashed into the sea with a force of 36G; so hard the tailfin sheared off. The oxygen marks didn't deploy, nobody had life jackets out and the stewardesses weren't in their emergency seats.
- Everybody died.
- Military airplanes heat their pitot tubes to prevent freezing
- The civilian FAA test requirements predate jet planes and only test for temperatures expected at or below 9km, yet this plane (and all other planes for which pitot tube freezes have been recorde) was at 10km.
- Air France has opted not to spend the €300K per plane needed to add some software that Airbus sells to help pilots angle the plane correctly after airspeed indicator failure.
[some coverage in the software engineering community. The A320 was the first civilian fly-by-wire plane, and there's still debate about whether it was a wise decision for it, its successors, and recent Boeing planes. | aerospace |
http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2014/jul/09/nasa-comes-colvin-run-elementary/ | 2024-04-15T09:01:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816954.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415080257-20240415110257-00511.warc.gz | 0.969273 | 427 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__108236834 | en | NASA came to Colvin Run Elementary in Vienna on June 17. Students got a real hands-on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) experience by linking directly with the NASA international space station. Part of the school's newly created STEM lab program at Colvin, lab students prepared questions for the astronauts in advance. They got to pose the questions to astronauts Steve Swanson and Reid Wiseman, currently orbiting Earth aboard the International Space Station.
Some of the questions had surprising answers. One student was curious about how birthdays are celebrated in space. Swanson and Wiseman went on to explain that since they didn't have the option to go out and get presents, they focus on a favorite meal instead.
Elementary students were also surprised to hear about the plants both astronauts have grown in the space station, including lettuce and onions. Another participant asked them how long it takes to go back to adjust once they land. The astronauts told the audience that the adjustment period varied anytime between fifteen minutes to a few days.
In addition to the ones orbiting the earth, Colvin Run was also treated to meeting another astronaut in person: Dan Tani, a local resident who gave a brief presentation and introduced the current astronauts to the audience. His presentation included several pictures taken from the space station including shots of the northern lights, lightning storms, and erosion patterns that delighted the audience. He described the sight of the northern lights from above looking “like a ghost flying below you.” Prior to attending the NASA link event, Tani also took time out to visit the STEM lab and answer some questions as well, including “what is a spacewalk,” “were you nervous,” and “do you have fun up in space?”
The NASA link was broadcast on the NASA television station and many other Fairfax County public schools. NASA is an education partner with Colvin Run Elementary and the event was part of NASA's Teaching From Space curriculum, which promotes learning opportunities through NASA's human spaceflight program. For more information visit http://www.nasa.gov/education. | aerospace |
http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Optionally_piloted_aircraft | 2017-08-21T14:08:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886108709.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821133645-20170821153645-00676.warc.gz | 0.900522 | 114 | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__19330592 | en | An optionally piloted aircraft (OPA) is "[a]n aircraft that may be operated by an onboard pilot or a remote pilot."
- ↑ UVS International, RPAS Glossary 120821, at 4 (full-text).
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https://progress-is-fine.blogspot.com/2015/10/westland-wyvern.html | 2023-06-02T02:02:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648245.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602003804-20230602033804-00339.warc.gz | 0.963364 | 80 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__248159232 | en | The Wyvern was a British carrier-based design first flown in 1946. Basically obsolete before it was built by development in jet fighters, it was used through the 50s. This photo is of a prototype using the Rolls Royce 24 cylinder Eagle engine. The production version used a turboprop with the engine located behind the pilot.
Post a Comment | aerospace |
https://www.cheapflights.ca/flights-to-London/Terrace/ | 2019-06-20T20:17:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999273.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620190041-20190620212041-00314.warc.gz | 0.887276 | 139 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__135813192 | en | During this time it is forecast that there will be
1 mm less rain in London than in Terrace
In the next ten days, Terrace will be 21°C, whereas
London will be 21°C, that’s
the same temperature
As such, there are no days where direct flights are available
Which airlines fly from Terrace to London?
There is no direct flights from Terrace to London.
There have been
no other users looking for flights to London from Terrace
in the past thirty days.
How many flights depart from Terrace to London on average per day?0 flight departures from Terrace to London per day on average. | aerospace |
https://iaa2023.welcome-manager.de/front/content.php?id_article=556 | 2023-06-07T19:33:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654012.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607175304-20230607205304-00057.warc.gz | 0.928124 | 224 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__117974572 | en | Sponsoring Partnership Program SSEO 2023
Thank you very much for your interest in becoming a sponsor of the 14th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth System Observation
The aim of the IAA 2023 Symposium is to provide a forum for scientists, engineers, and managers to exchange information about planned and on-going programs and missions, and present new ideas, covering small satellite mission objectives as well as technology and management aspects
for dedicated satellites for Earth and Moon observation.
The sponsors will get a platform for presenting their companies, products and services as well as to get in touch with the interested guests
Different sponsoring packages have been designed in order to meet the needs of all sponsors.
All information for sponsors of the SSEO 2023 you will find in the
Sponsoring Partnership Program
If you get interest to become a sponsor of SSEO 2023 or you have further questions regarding the sponsoring partnership program,
please do not hesitate to contact Dr. Matthias Hetscher, email@example.com. | aerospace |
https://conferences.oreilly.com/where2008/public/schedule/detail/4387 | 2017-04-29T15:33:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123530.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00075-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.947295 | 180 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__319342552 | en | The Earthscape Augmented Reality System (ARS) is a product for aerial first responders and military tactical control officers that dramatically improves situational awareness. With the touch of a button, live Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) video can be overlaid with computer-generated mapping data — showing street names, parcel address and ownership information, and flight hazards such as radio towers. With a touch of another button, the operators can view a synthetically generated image using satellite or aerial imagery for instances in which the on-board camera isn’t adequate
Tom Churchill is the Founder and CEO of Earthscape. He has over 20 years of high technology experience, with much of that in the Internet and mapping space. He was previously the founder and CEO of AdKnowledge, a Kleiner-Perkins backed enterprise ad serving company, as well as the lead engineer/manager of Yahoo! Auctions. | aerospace |
https://www.24thmeu.marines.mil/News/Article/Article/510784/24th-meu-soc-aviation-equipment-safety-mechanics-a-pilots-lifeline/ | 2023-09-26T21:38:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510225.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926211344-20230927001344-00560.warc.gz | 0.95387 | 972 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__100001489 | en | ROTA, Spain -- The AV-8B Harrier II+ is by all standards a highly sophisticated machine, and so are its individual systems. The aviation egress system, commonly known as the ejection seat, is certainly no exception. Only the people who maintain them, the aviation equipment safety mechanics, or "seat mechs", as they call themselves, exceed its degree of precision and efficiency.
These Marines are responsible for maintaining the aircraft's oxygen, environmental control, and cabin pressurization systems in addition to the seats themselves, according to Staff Sgt. James Anderson, chief aviation equipment safety mechanic for the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable). The environmental control system, which runs the heating and air conditioning in the cockpit, works like a car's cooling system, he said. The cold air turbine spins and compresses the air, which goes through a heat exchanger, which will alter the temperature depending upon the desired setting. The aircraft's main engine will "bleed" air, letting it pass over the heat exchanger and into the cockpit. The same basic process fuels the oxygen system and maintains cabin pressure.
One of the many things that sets the Harrier apart from other aircraft is the design of its ejection system, beginning with the canopy. Unlike other planes, the Harrier's canopy does not open or jettison itself when the pilot pulls the ejection control handle -- instead, it explodes. "There's a detonation cord vacuum-sealed to the canopy," said Anderson. It blows the acrylic plexiglas to bits, allowing the pilot to exit the cockpit. Should that fail, the seat has "canopy piercers" on its top that will achieve the same effect.
New mechanics must learn the system and its various components, and how they function in the egress process overall. "It can be frustrating for the new guys - there's quite a bit to learn and remember," said Anderson. The MEU (SOC)'s seat mechanics agree. "You could work on these aircraft for twenty years and never learn everything about them. There are changes and updates every year," said Cpl. Clayton Judd, a seat mechanic from Springfield, Ill.
One of the fundamental tasks to master is an understanding of what happens upon egress.
If a pilot ejects in mode four, or a high-altitude mode, a complex sequence of events takes place in a matter of seconds, beginning with the destruction of the canopy. "Ballistic gas goes through the system," said Anderson, starting the process. Catapult tubes, driven by an explosive device that resembles a stick of dynamite, raise the seat 20 to 22 inches off the floor of the cockpit. Then the seat's two-foot long rocket motors fire, launching the pilot roughly 150 feet from the aircraft. Since the pilot may be injured or unconscious, a drogue chute, tether line and a WORD rocket (wind oriented rapid deployment) helps stabilize the seat and slow it down, while leg restraints automatically retract to keep the pilot stable and sitting upright.
The pilot and the seat will fall to an altitude of 14,000 feet before the main parachute deploys. According to Anderson, this is critical, because if a pilot ejects at a significant altitude, like 30,000 feet or more, he or she may drift for too long if the chute opens at that height. "The pilot only has about five minutes of emergency oxygen," he said. Sensors called "aneroids" detect when the seat reaches the appropriate altitude, and then the main chute is deployed by a spreader gun, which ensures its opening. At 7000 feet, the pilot separates from the seat and continues the descent.
Overall, the ejection system is 98 percent gas-activated and has few mechanical parts. This makes for a very reliable mechanism, but it still requires a fair amount of maintenance and daily inspections. Before every flight, "seat mechs" will inspect the canopy, detonation cord, the parachute and its risers, and recharge the emergency oxygen tanks. Every 448 days, they will conduct a total rebuild of the seat and all its components.
Anderson finds his job very rewarding, and has more than nine years experience in the field. He worked in a related field for two years due to a lack of boatspace in his military occupational specialty, and is thrilled to be back. " I stayed in touch with all my friends (in the community) to get back in. I'm glad to have this job," he said. The most rewarding aspect of the job is seeing the equipment function in a real emergency. "We don't wish to see our equipment tested, but we're glad when it does its job, saving a pilot's life." | aerospace |
http://www.purdueaviationllc.com/aircraft-rental/piper-seneca | 2018-03-22T19:11:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648000.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322190333-20180322210333-00781.warc.gz | 0.807233 | 1,034 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__250457802 | en | |Aircraft Number||Empty Weight||Empty Moment||Useful Load|
|55908||2811.4 lbs.||239648.8||1388.6 lbs.|
|Ramp Weight||4200 lbs.|
|Takeoff Weight||4200 lbs.|
|Landing Weight||4000 lbs.|
|Baggage Weight||200 lbs.|
|Area 1||100 lbs.|
|Area 2||100 lbs.|
Lycoming IO-360 on left side, Lycoming IO-360 on right side, 200BHP @ 2700 RPM. Four cylinders, direct drive, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, carburetor-equipped.
|Minimum for Local Flight||6 qt.|
|Minimum for X-Country||7 qt.|
|Grade and Type||Summer - 100W50 wt.
Winter - 65W30 wt.
|Approved Grades||100LL (blue), 100 (green)|
|Total Fuel||98.0 Gal.|
|Total Usable||93.0 Gal.|
The airplane is equipped with a standard fuel system consisting of four vented fuel tanks, fuel tank selector valves, fuel strainer, engine driven fuel pump, auxiliary electric fuel pump, and fuel injection system. Fuel is pressure feed from the wing tanks to the fuel selector/crossfeed valve, through a fuel strainer to the fuel pumps and then to the fuel metering unit. From the metering unit, fuel flows to the intake valves through injectors. Electrical driven fuel pumps are used as backup pumps and should be on for takeoff and landing. Crossfeed valves are provided for fuel balance to extend single engine range. There are 8 fuel drains on this aircraft, 2 for each wing, 2 for fuel filters, and 2 for each crossfeed drain.
Landing Gear and Brakes
Landing gear is a retractable tricycle type with a steerable nose wheel. Shock absorption is accomplished through air/oil main gear struts and an air/oil nose gear strut. Nose wheel steering will turn the nose wheel through a 15 degree arc each side of center. Differential braking will increase the turning arc up to 30 degrees each side of center. Each main gear is equipped with a hydraulically actuated disc type brake. When the gear lever is moved up or down, it creates a pressure change which electrically activates the hydraulic power pack which then hydraulically raises or lowers the gear. The gear is held in the UP position by hydraulic pressure and in the DOWN position by mechanical locks. A squat switch on the nose gear prevents inadvertent raising of the gear while on the ground. A hand operated hydraulic release is provided for manual extension of the landing gear in the event of a hydraulic power pack failure. A gear warning horn sounds when the one or all of the gear are not locked down and the manifold pressure drops below 12 inches or flaps are extended beyond 20 degrees. A green gear light indicates all three gear are down and locked. An amber light indicates that the one or all of the gear are not down and locked or the hydraulic power pack is operating.
|Alternator||14 volt, 60 ampere|
Power is supplied to most general electrical items through the primary bus. All avionics are powered by the avionics bus. The two busses are tied together through the avionics power switch, which also functions as a circuit breaker for the avionics bus. The ammeter is connected to the battery and shows whether the battery is charging or discharging. .
The system is standard with a heated pitot head under the left wing and static ports on both sides of the nose cowling. The alternate static source is located on the panel below the throttle and supplies static pressure from inside the cockpit..
|Best Rate of Climb Single Engine||||Vyse||105 MPH|
|Minimum Controllable Airspeed||||Vmc||80 MPH|
|Stall in Landing Configuration||||Vso||69 MPH|
|Stall in Cruise Configuration||||Vs1||76 MPH|
|Rotate Speed||||Vr||90 MPH|
|Best Angle of Climb||||Vx||90 MPH|
|Best Rate of Climb||||Vy||105 MPH|
|||4200 lbs.||||146 MPH|
|||2750 lbs.||||133 MPH|
|0 - 10°||160 MPH|
|10 - 25°||140 MPH|
|25 - 40°||125 MPH|
|Max Landing Gear Operating Speed||Vlo||125 MPH|
|Max Landing Gear Extended Speed||Vle||150 MPH|
|Max Structural Cruising Speed||Vno||190 MPH|
|Enroute Climb Speed||120 MPH|
|Approach Speed||115 MPH|
|Final Approach Speed||90 MPH|
|Never Exceed||Vne||217 MPH|
|Demonstrated Crosswind Component||12 MPH | aerospace |
https://www.guardianjet.com/aircraft-for-sale-listings/aircraft-for-sale.cfm?aid=Gulfstream-GIVSP-1299-429 | 2022-09-30T06:28:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335444.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220930051717-20220930081717-00340.warc.gz | 0.836498 | 133 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__641749 | en | GoGo Avance L5 WiFi
Collins Venue Cabin Management System
Rolls Royce Corporate Care Engine Program / MSP Gold
Painted by Gulfstream Savannah, Jan. 2015
Interior done 2022 @ Clay Lacy
Announcing the latest version of our online aviation asset management tool, complete with brand new features.
Receive your FREE copy of "The Ultimate Airplane Buying Guide," to get exclusive insights into the aircraft acquisition process, from finding a specific plane to managing your asset post-purchase. | aerospace |
https://www.ti.com/applications/industrial/aerospace-defense/space/overview.html?HQS=sys-ind-ad-space21_spacepowerwebinar-bti%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B-pp-training_portal-eu | 2022-07-01T04:57:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103920118.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701034437-20220701064437-00167.warc.gz | 0.860189 | 772 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__271962561 | en | Space: engineering the next frontier
High-reliability products, design resources and expertise to perform in the harshest environment.
Our radiation-hardened and radiation-tolerant products and technical resources help you design satellite systems that can operate for decades in Space.
Our immediately-available inventory of Space-grade products and deep system expertise allow you to meet mission-critical requirements and create systems with greater integration and power density, highest precision accuracy and highest bandwidth (>7 GHz).
The below documents feature our radiation-hardened and radiation-tolerant products that help you design advanced spacecraft systems. These space circuit documents go into detail on how to design with our space-grade products and meet mission-critical requirements.
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Navigate through interactive block diagrams to find products and reference designs tailored to support the longevity and dependability of your next mission. Design smarter, more energy efficient systems that are optimized against harsh environmental conditions. Whether you are designing for deep space travel, low earth orbit or anywhere in between, take your design to new heights with us.
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Our space-qualified integrated circuits and reference designs help you create next-generation radar payloads to monitor surface conditions from space with maximum performance.
Satellites harness power from solar panels to poer the spacecraft. This high-voltage supply needs to be stored and converted for all the on-board electronics.
Our high-speed data converters, clocks and timing products and system designs help you deliver the highest bandwidth (>7 GHz) in a harsh radiation environment – giving you the ability to support multiple communication channels with higher throughput in a smaller amount of space, while also supporting advanced radar imaging applications.
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This IP has been architected to downstream digital processing and other application logic while isolated from most performance- and timing-critical constraints of the JESD204 protocol.
Evaluate our ADC12DJ3200QML-SP, a low-power, 12-bit, dual 3.2-GSPS/single 6.4-GSPS, RF-sampling ADC with a buffered analog input, integrated digital down converter and JESD204B interface.
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This development kit for the Xilinx XQRKU060 FGPA uses a 100% TI power solution of DC/DC converters, LDOs and DDR termination regulation to meet power density and voltage tolerance requirements.
Our latest precision technologies for Space deliver highest accuracy and integration for sophisticated instrumentation.
Learn more about the plug-and-play compatibility of this compact evaluation kit for evaluating the ADS1282-SP, a radiation-tolerant, extremely high-performance, dual-channel ADC.
This application note shows how to take advantage of TI’s Analog engineer's calculator and TINA-TI simulation tool to speed up the development of a precision data acquisition system. | aerospace |
http://news.carltonleisure.com/zambia/05-12-2013/fastjet-announced-low-cost-flights-into-lusaka/ | 2015-04-19T15:37:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246639191.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045719-00267-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.954827 | 230 | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__55115692 | en | fastjet, the new low-cost airline with ambitions to provide pan-African services has announced the launch of its second international route from Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania to Lusaka, Zambia. The launch of this new service coincides with celebrations marking one year of flight operations from fastjet’s main hub at Dar Es Salaam’s Julius Nyerere airport in Tanzania.
A steady increase in heavy 25 hour cross-border journeys undertaken by both Tanzanians and Zambians by road, demonstrates the real need for affordable air travel between both these countries, which fastjet intends to fulfill by launching its flights to Lusaka, Zambia along this route.
The first flight to Lusaka is scheduled to take place on 1st February 2014. According to Ed Winter, interim chairman and chief executive of fastjet, Building on the successes of past year, the launch of second international route to Lusaka moves fastjet further along the path to becoming a truly pan African carrier. The airline is looking forward to bringing the benefits of affordable, high-quality air travel to the people of Zambia. | aerospace |
http://www.4erevolution.com/en/skyhopper-drone-cargo/ | 2020-04-07T20:06:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371805747.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407183818-20200407214318-00444.warc.gz | 0.941859 | 411 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__217526568 | en | History of aviation is punctuated by crazy projects, crazies who proposed a different approach on the sidelines of that aircraft manufacturers have always done. The designer of the SkyHopper is one of those. The project team not only offers a transport drone capable of transporting 100 kg over a hundred km but also the entire transport system that will implement a fleet of such drones. Another originality, even if it is a particularly ambitious project on the technical level, the first prototype of this drone will be funded by crowdfunding.
A powerful drone capable of meeting multiple needs
The availability of a vertical take-off drone capable of lifting a hundred kilograms has potentially multiple applications. Cargo transport, supply of isolated, maritime surveillance, agricultural, medical rescue missions or intervention in the emergency zones, provided that the legislation on drones evolve as a drone could find multiple opportunities.
Led by a group of English aeronautical engineers, the SkyHopper project seems crazy and yet it is conducted in a very rational and measured way.
More than just a drone, a real transport system
These experienced engineers imagined a progressive approach in order to lead the design of the drone to good. These have received support from a few British companies but they are betting on crowdfunding to raise the £ 500,000 needed to assemble the first prototype.
Besides the drone itself, the designers have approached the SkyHopper as a complete transport system, with Aero Park sizes larger or smaller to accommodate the SkyHopper. Some are true logistics centers, others simple “docking stations” automated to recharge drones in transits. The team is open to any proposal to evolve its drone and this transport system.
The SkyHopper initiative is ambitious but remains pragmatic and the drone of the certification issue, essential for truly hope to see the fly in the airspace, was built from the start of the project. Its promoters claim to work closely with the English air authorities (CAA and NATS) so that the drone can obtain its certificate of airworthiness after the tests of the future prototype. | aerospace |
https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/92392/why-didnt-the-t-1000-kill-the-helicopter-pilot | 2021-06-16T15:10:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487623942.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616124819-20210616154819-00530.warc.gz | 0.976086 | 289 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__155242267 | en | At the Cyberdyne building, the T-1000 drove through a window in the building in order to commandeer the police helicopter. After entering the helicopter he ordered the pilot to "get out" -- which the pilot did -- instead of killing him:
The helicopter doesn't have much altitude so the pilot might have survived the jump; the pilot obviously thought he had a better chance of survival by jumping than remaining in the helicopter with the T-1000 (and the pilot didn't even know the T-1000 was a Terminator or what a Terminator is).
Since it's possible the pilot survived yet it would have been easy for the T-1000 to kill him (e.g. by forming a blade and stabbing him), why didn't the T-1000 simply kill the pilot?
As a Terminator it's not like the T-1000 would have any moral qualms about killing him, and there's been such an extensive firefight already that investigators wouldn't be particularly surprised upon finding the pilot's corpse. On the other hand, if the pilot survived the jump he could tell a tale about a strange "policeman" who could turn into liquid metal -- possibly compromising Skynet's future. (Granted, it's doubtful anyone would believe the pilot and he'd probably be sent to an insane asylum like Sarah, but why take a chance?)
Note: I am looking for an in-universe answer. | aerospace |
http://yournewsnet.com/toyota-teams-up-with-japans-space-agency-for-lunar-rover/ | 2019-05-19T12:42:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254882.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519121502-20190519143502-00554.warc.gz | 0.924538 | 106 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__114782377 | en | In about 10 years, Toyota hopes people will be riding around the Moon in a fuel cell-powered electric lunar rover.
Toyota and Japan’s space agency are teaming up to build it.
It will be 20 feet long and will be able to carry two people thousands of miles across the Moon’s surface.
And passengers can live in it without wearing spacesuits.
So when will this moon buggy become reality?
Toyota says it hopes it can be sent into space in 2029. | aerospace |
https://www.wmtw.com/article/maine-native-to-blast-off-wednesday-to-international-space-station-update/29204751 | 2021-10-26T05:13:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587799.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026042101-20211026072101-00101.warc.gz | 0.898393 | 177 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__33361835 | en | 3... 2... 1.... Maine native blasts off to International Space Station
Maine native Jessica Meir will spend the next six months at the International Space Station.
Meir, who grew up in Caribou, left for the space station Wednesday. She will return to Earth next spring.
This marks Meir's first visit to space, according to NASA.
Meir and two other astronauts blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz MS-15 spacecraft just before 10 a.m. Wednesday.
Meir was selected as an astronaut in 2013 while serving as an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital.
She holds a bachelor's degree in biology from Brown University, a master's degree in space studies from International Space University and a doctorate in marine biology from Scripps Institution of Oceanography. | aerospace |
https://corporatetaxratenow.com/is-there-a-helicopter-simulator-in-fsx-x/ | 2023-04-01T17:31:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950110.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401160259-20230401190259-00766.warc.gz | 0.941196 | 453 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__106440479 | en | Is there a helicopter simulator in FSX X?
FSX Helicopters. FSX doesn’t only allow users to fly fixed-wing aircraft; they can also download and install helicopter and rotorcraft expansions too. Most people buy Microsoft Flight Simulator X in order to pilot large, commercial aircraft and civil jets, however there is also a market and niche group for helicopter add-ons.
What kind of physics does FSX weapon use?
Realistic physics of gradual partial to total damage. Each shot is driven by realistic weapon physics engine. Weapon and target fire, launch, hit, splash and explosion sounds. Weapon and target fire, wake, smoke, launch, hit, splash, explosion and damage effects. Provides one-click installation to any FSX aircraft /rotorcraft.
How to repaint a helicopter for FSX fly away?
Texture repaint for the Alphasim Westland Lynx GLYnX-variant in the “Fat cat” paint scheme of a German Lynx (requires LYNXAH7AH9FSX.ZIP). The combination of the helicopter model and that paint scheme is not realistic, because the real Lynx-vari… This is a USMC repaint of the payware Area 51 Bell UH1Y “Venom”.
Can You Fly a helicopter in a flight simulator?
Helicopters are much harder to fly in any flight simulator package, and in real life for that matter – there is a lot more going on in the cockpit of a helicopter compared to that of a fixed wing aircraft. As well as controlling pitch, rotor angle and engine speed – pilots also have to control many of the other systems that go with it.
Are there any helicopters in FSX Area 51?
Includes new features like realistic engine sound, speed up to 250 kias, background sounds, floats and four different livery colors. This is a repaint for MH-47G “Chinook” from Area 51 Simulations. The paint is fictitious and was created by using the original paint kit released with the aircraft. Repaint only, Area 51 MH-47 “Chinook” is required. | aerospace |
https://presse.cnes.fr/en/soyuz-successfully-orbits-microscope-sentinel-1b-and-fly-your-satellite-guiana-space-centre | 2021-10-19T21:17:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585281.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019202148-20211019232148-00677.warc.gz | 0.904931 | 557 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__33895009 | en | For its 14th flight from the CSG, the Soyuz launcher successfully orbited three satellites.
CNES’s Microscope science satellite (MICROSatellite à trainée Compensée pour l’Observation du Principe d’Équivalence) is designed to test for the first time in space the validity of the founding principle of the theory of general relativity developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915, in which he assumed the equivalence of a gravitational field and a corresponding acceleration of the reference system. The challenge for Microscope will be to achieve a level of precision 100 times better than any experiment yet performed on Earth, thus opening new vistas for theories of gravitation. Microscope will test the principle in the vacuum of space where free fall is a lot less perturbed and lasts a lot longer. It will thus be able to study the relative motion of two test masses on the satellite in permanent free fall over the course of several months.
The Sentinel-1B synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite will add to the capability already being provided by its twin Sentinel-1A for ESA and the European Union’s Copernicus programme. Operating in tandem, the two satellites will cover a full range of environmental monitoring and security requirements.
Fly Your Satellite! is an outreach programme led by ESA that offers European students the opportunity to acquire hands-on experience with cubesats. This ambitious project includes OUTFl-1 from Liege University in Belgium, E-st@ar-II from the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy and AAUSAT4 from the University of Aaborg in Denmark.
After the launch, CNES President Jean-Yves Le Gall commented: “It is very satisfying to be here to see this first successful launch of the year for Soyuz from the CSG, continuing our partnership with Russia in this 50th anniversary year of our cooperation in space; with the environment and climate community on the day of the signature in New York of the climate agreement reached at the COP 21; with the younger generations learning all about space technologies; and of course with the scientific community working on our Microscope project. I would therefore like to warmly congratulate all of our partner teams at the European Commission, ESA, Arianespace, Starsem, European and Russian manufacturers and of course at CNES. This success marks a major milestone, particularly with the much-awaited results from Microscope and Sentinel-1B. I am also delighted to see that the range of Europe’s launchers operated from the CSG is giving European students the chance to learn more about space technologies.”
See the launch on https://microscope.cnes.fr/ | aerospace |
https://www.eyecinema.ie/movie/prisoners-of-the-moon-golden-eye | 2022-06-25T11:20:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103034930.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625095705-20220625125705-00472.warc.gz | 0.885675 | 127 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__58263677 | en | Prisoners of the Moon Golden Eye
Book Tickets for Prisoners of the Moon Golden Eye
Director: Johnny Gogan
Cast: Cathy Belton, Jim Norton
Release Date: 28/06/2019
Feature Runtime: 1 hr 15 mins
Trailers: Approx. 20 mins
Filmmaker Johnny Gogan's drama/creative documentary brings to life the story of Arthur Rudolph, a scientist who played a key role in NASA's historic 1969 moon landing. He was one of a number of Nazi rocket scientists who assisted America as they tried to win the space race. | aerospace |
https://standard.newsmag.in/online/blog/2023/01/12/all-flights-to-the-us-have-been-cancelled/ | 2024-02-25T21:57:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474643.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225203035-20240225233035-00601.warc.gz | 0.976194 | 76 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__178989068 | en | A computer outage at the Federal Aviation Administration has affected flights across the United States. Such information is given in the report of the US media. Due to this, all flights in America have been stopped. This is said to be the first time that all flights have been canceled in this way. Meanwhile, air travel in the United States was affected several times by the blizzard Bomb. | aerospace |
https://smallforge.com.au/products/aca-12487-academy-pby-5a-catalina-with-aus-decals-1-72-scale | 2021-10-23T18:31:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585737.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023162040-20211023192040-00370.warc.gz | 0.954856 | 357 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__231981803 | en | Academy 12487 - PBY-5A Catalina with Aus Decals, 1:72 Scale
PBY-5A Catalina with Aus Decals, 1:72 Scale
The Consolidated PBY Catalina, also known as the Canso in Canadian service, was an American flying boat, and later an amphibious aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s produced by Consolidated Aircraft. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.
During World War II, PBYs were used in anti-submarine warfare, patrol bombing, convoy escorts, search and rescue missions (especially air-sea rescue), and cargo transport. The PBY was the most notorious aircraft of its kind and the last active military PBYs were not retired from service until the 1980s. In 2014, nearly 80 years after its first flight, the aircraft continues to fly as a water bomber (or air tanker) in aerial firefighting operations all over the world.
- Fully engraved panel lines and rivet details
- Detailed seats, bulkheads, instrument panel with decal bulkheads
- Accurately reproduced engines and cowlings, optional front gun turrets
- Detailed wing tip floats and retraction mechanism
- Bomb ordnance and radar antennae included
- Australian and US Army Air Force decals included.
- Kit length 266mm
- 112 parts
Glue and paint are required but are not included.
Flat Fee Postage of $12.00 to anywhere in Australia using Australia Post. Spend $75 for FREE Postage to anywhere in Australia. | aerospace |
https://www.ibp.fraunhofer.de/en/expertise/life-cycle-engineering/sustainable-aviation.html | 2024-03-02T22:26:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476137.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302215752-20240303005752-00372.warc.gz | 0.91803 | 228 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__88938374 | en | Intelligent design for environment-friendly aviation
Aviation is an important component of a functioning global economy. Current studies predict that transport and passenger volumes in the aviation sector – and thus also the relevance of aviation for the ecological impact of the transportation industry – will grow strongly over the next few years. To bring about a long-term reduction in the ecological impact of aviation despite this expected growth, it is necessary to examine and optimize new developments and existing processes in terms of their ecological footprint.
Sustainability analysis in the aviation sector is one of the key research topics of the Life Cycle Engineering Department. Points of emphasis include the Life Cycle Assessment of materials and production processes specific to the aviation sector, of lightweight and high-tech materials, and of components, systems, and alternative fuels. The results of these Life Cycle Assessments can yield specific measures and strategies for ecologically appropriate design. The eco DESIGN approach ensures that this information is incorporated into the development process at an early stage and that ecologically unfavorable solutions are avoided. Further projects deal with the implementation of a Life Cycle Assessment data platform (virtual marketplace) for the aviation sector. | aerospace |
https://www.upscalelivingmag.com/features/bombardier-global-8000-to-become-the-fastest-business-jet/?amp=1 | 2023-12-06T10:48:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00578.warc.gz | 0.955299 | 600 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__96994160 | en | Time is valued more than anything in the world today and its importance of it stems from the rising demand for business jets. Bombardier can stake a claim to be one of the most popular names and it’s new Global 8000 turns up the volume further. Bombardier calls it the ‘world’s fastest and longest-range purpose-built business jet’ while having the only four-zone cabin business jet to have a range of 8,000 nautical miles.
The Global 8000 builds on the popularity of the 7500 and adds in a fresh dollop of speed along with that. Crucially, current Global 7500 operators will be able to retrofit their aircraft to get the same performance enhancements as the Global 8000 aircraft.
The two crucial numbers include its 8,000 nautical miles range and a top speed of Mach 0.94. That means it can do multi-city flights like Dubai-Houston, Singapore-Los Angeles, London-Perth, and many others.
Along with the speed, this is a significant increase along with having a maximum Mach operating speed (MMO) of M0.94 which now makes it the fastest business jet in the world. A demonstration flight of a 7500 flight test aircraft was done back in May 2021 along with a NASA F/A-18 chase plane and that resulted in a speed of Mach 1.015 plus. This type of speed is something that has only been witnessed since the Concorde. During the demonstration flight, the aircraft also became the first in terms of Transport Category airplane to fly supersonically with sustainable aviation fuel.
Alongside the speed, there are also claims of having the lowest cabin altitude in its class of 2,900 feet when flying at 41,000 ft. There is also the Bombardier’s Pũr Air and a HEPA filter on board. There are four personalized suites which also include the Nuage seat with the first-ever ‘zero gravity position’. This seat basically improves neck comfort and reduces lower back pressure.
There is also a Principal Suite with a full-size bed and a stand-up shower while entertainment and technology needs are taken care of by a touch CMS and OLED touch dial along with having a l’Opéra directional audio sound system being available with a 4K monitor.
Just like in new luxury cars, the cockpit gains fly-by-wire technology.
The Global 8000 enters service within the next few years in 2025 and with that, it will eventually replace the 7500 while the $78 million price tag should not deter potential buyers with its lure of speed and comfort.
Demand for the business jets has remained steady and increasing with the elite splurging more due to the convenience afforded by them. Bombardier also wants to increase its market share as it will lock horns with the Gulfstream G700 and Falcon 10X- both of which are $75 million each. | aerospace |
https://www.newsbharati.com/Encyc/2014/7/31/Vintage-NASA-spacecraft-set-for-interplanetary-probe.html | 2019-11-11T22:58:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496664439.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20191111214811-20191112002811-00200.warc.gz | 0.968384 | 270 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__176057366 | en | Washington, July 31: A team of scientists is priming a 36-year-old NASA spacecraft named International Sun-Earth Explorer 3 spacecraft, ISEE-3, to enter new science frontiers.
The spacecraft will now travel through interplanetary space after attempts to move the probe into a position closer to the Earth failed as there was not enough nitrogen pressurant left in the probe's tanks, Space.com reported.
The spacecraft was originally launched in 1978 to study interactions between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind.
"We were disappointed that we could not put it in the L-1 orbit but we are more interested in interplanetary space," Keith Cowing, a co-leader of the ISEE-3 Reboot Project, was quoted as saying.
Even after more than three decades in space, at least five of the 13 instruments on the ISEE-3 are still active. These may help scientists look for gamma-ray bursts which are the brightest explosions in the universe and often take place over just a few minutes.
The ISEE-3 Reboot Project plans to turn to crowd sourcing to ask for citizen scientists to set up radio dishes to listen in.ISEE-3 will travel in a 300-day orbit around the sun but the final coordinates are still being determined, the report added. | aerospace |
https://pimajted.org/programs/aviation-technology/ | 2022-05-19T05:56:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662525507.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519042059-20220519072059-00132.warc.gz | 0.85227 | 622 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__180076088 | en | Learn basic skills in aircraft general mechanics, including common safety practices used when working on and around aircraft and related support equipment, how to identify and use applicable maintenance publications and documents, and knowledge and understanding of Federal Aviation Administration regulations. This program is designed to expose students to aircraft maintenance and will give them the opportunity to continue in the Aviation Technology program for Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) certification*.
- Students who apply for PCC graduation: Aircraft General Mechanics
- *Airframe and Powerplant
Things to Consider About this Program
- In this program you are a high school student and a college student. Your performance is reflected on your transcript for your high school and Pima Community College.
- Your grades for this course will impact your college GPA as well as your high school GPA.
- Student earns college credit while in the program.
- Due to FAA regulations – students in Aviation are only allowed to miss two classes a semester.
- JTED pays for the college tuition for this program if not a high school graduate.
- Aircraft Panel Technician
- Aircraft Reclamation
Jobs Available After Additional or Advanced Training
- Aviation Maintenance Technician (A&P Mechanic)
- Aircraft Avionics Technician
- Aircraft Sheet Metal Technician
Students must complete the following:
- JTED & PCC onboarding requirements.
- Placement exams in reading, writing and math.
- Students must place into REA 112 & MAT 092 or higher (college level reading & HS Algebra.)
- Application to PCC (tuition is paid by JTED.)
- Attend New Student Orientation for JTED @ PCC students.
Students may complete year 1 with JTED and can continue in the college program as a graduate.
JTED @ Pima Community College Aviation Center:
- Time commitment for Exploration phase – Tuesdays & Thursdays from 4:10 to 7 p.m.
- Time commitment for General Mechanic phase – Monday through Thursday from 4:10 to 7 p.m.
- Fundamentals (Fall) AVM100A – Aircraft Maintenance Fundamentals 1
- Fundamentals (Spring) AVM100B – Aircraft Maintenance Fundamentals 2
- Aircraft General Mechanics (Year 1 Fall) GTM105V – Applied Technical Math for Aviation and AVM202 – Aviation Safety
- Aircraft General Mechanics (Year 1 Spring) AVM110 – Aircraft Blueprint Reading and AVM205 – Motion Dynamics
- Aircraft General Mechanics (Year 2 Fall) AVM114 – Regulatory Requirements and AVM206 – Materials & Processes
- Aircraft General Mechanics (Year 2 Spring) AVM207 – Weight & Balance and AVM208 – Basic Electricity
4/Year (General Mechanics)
(Fundamentals earns 6 PCC credits and Aircraft General Mechanics earns 22 PCC credits) | aerospace |
https://www.punekarnews.in/isro-creates-history-xposat-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-of-black-holes/ | 2024-02-27T03:47:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474670.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227021813-20240227051813-00377.warc.gz | 0.931752 | 375 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__110585420 | en | Bengaluru, 1st January 2024: In its inaugural mission of 2024, ISRO has successfully launched the X-ray polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat), marking its first dedicated polarimetry mission to study the diverse dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions. With this launch, India has become the second country, after the United States, to achieve this remarkable feat. The satellite was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
Minister of State for Science and Technology, Jitendra Singh, extended his congratulations to ISRO, stating, “ISRO begins 2024 in style! Successful launch of PSLV-C58 XPoSat Mission. Proud to be associated with the Department of Space at a time when Team ISRO continues to accomplish one success after the other, with the personal intervention & patronage from PM Sri Narendra Modi.”
Under the PSLV-C58 mission, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), which carries the XPoSat Satellite into space, will also host 10 other payloads, including the PSLV orbital experimental module.
The objectives of the PSLV-C58 mission include measuring the polarization of X-rays in the energy band of 8-30 keV from approximately 50 potential cosmic sources. It aims to conduct long-term spectral and temporal studies of cosmic X-ray sources. X-ray polarization serves as a crucial diagnostic tool for examining the radiation mechanism and geometry of celestial sources. The primary payload of XPoSat is POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-Rays), designed by the Raman Research Institute, and XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing), built by the U R Rao Satellite Centre, Bengaluru. The mission is slated to continue its work for a duration of 5 years. | aerospace |
https://demo.travelsecretsmag.com/inside-a-jetliners-cockpit-with-capt-karan-parmar/ | 2021-10-22T23:25:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585522.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022212051-20211023002051-00495.warc.gz | 0.9502 | 1,424 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__10259473 | en | The cockpit is the ‘sacred’ space of an airplane. It’s a mystery how pilots operate inside this shell. Pilot Capt Karan Parmar takes us right inside!
A decorated ex-Air Force personnel, Capt Parmar has flown Boeings, fighter jets and helicopters. He is currently working with a private airline.
Q – What is the standard procedure for pilots from takeoff to landing?
For domestic flights, crew members have to reach one hour before the scheduled take-off. Even earlier for international flights – roughly one and a half hour before. Then we need to do our homework. Study the route, fuel requirement, navigation, weather conditions and other technical parameters.
Accordingly, we conduct a joint briefing with the cabin crew to discuss procedures and explain the flight plan. Once we enter the plane, our primary duty is to set up instruments and get Air Traffic Controller (ATC) clearances. Next crucial step is to calculate the weight. We can only do this when passengers have boarded the plane.
From take-off to a safe height of 10,000 feet, pilots aren’t supposed to be disturbed. After we’ve crossed this climb, the lead cabin attendant calls on the intercom to check if all is well. Once communication is established, they can start service. Even pilots can ask for tea or coffee after the plane has reached top of the flight – generally after 20-25 minutes.
Now about meals: we are given meals according to the duration of the flight. Every crew member, including cabin crew, gets different meals so that in case of food poisoning, the entire crew shouldn’t fall sick together. Who would fly the plane if everyone were to be grumbling in pain! Plus, we get full fledged meals which differ from the ones passengers get.
Meanwhile, it’s a norm for the cabin crew to get in touch with the flying staff every half an hour. They can call or enter the cockpit.
After landing, it takes 15-20 minutes to wrap up all paper work and sign some documents. Then we are free to go.
Q – How do pilots rest during flights and where?
Pilots don’t need to rest during short flights. But in long flights, we alternate i.e. one member rests while the other continues to fly. Just to make it more secure, cabin crew periodically ask the pilot in control if everything is in order. We also have ‘relief crews’ with whom we take shifts in flying.
Now, of course one can’t sleep on the pilot’s seat. So there are bunks where a pilot can rest comfortably.
Q – How important is the equation between the chief pilot and first officer?
Very important. You need a cordial and symbiotic relationship because both members have to help one another. Flying involves co-ordination and no one can fly a Boeing alone. So it’s of utmost importance that pilots maintain a good connection without any age, hierarchy or seniority barriers.
Q – How do pilots respond to an in-flight medical emergency?
Every plane is equipped with an advanced medical kit which includes medicines to all kinds of necessary tools. Cabin crew are also trained extensively to deal with small emergencies. But if it is something serious, then we follow a particular procedure: we check if there is a doctor on board. If yes, then he or she calls the shots. If we can’t find anyone, then cabin attendants decide if we need to land at the earliest and ask for further medical assistance from ground control.
Q – How do you get in touch with ATC (Air Traffic Controller) immediately during an emergency?
We don’t need to. Flying staff is never really out of touch with them. We need their assistance and feedback often, so it is vital to be connected. All we have to do is pick up the micro-phone and press a button.
Q – Is language an issue between pilots and ATCs of different countries?
Not at all. All flying associated personnel communicate in English as per standard universal rules. But yes, people of different nationalities have different accents, which can be tricky. But you eventually get used to different accents and it generally doesn’t result in communication break-down.
Q – Nowadays most planes can be flown on auto-pilot with bare minimum assistance. How safe is it and what is left of the pilot’s role when you use automation?
Automation is a very sophisticated tool which is actually quite safe. The plane can manoeuvre itself with precision, even during emergencies. But it’s not like pilots can just sit back and relax. We still have to update the ATCs and maintain communication. More importantly, we need to monitor and over-see every action. Auto pilot is merely a machine to which we give instructions. We have the onus to check if instructions like altitude, direction, speed etc are being followed.
Q – Since automation has made flying easier, do you think it has affected pilot skills?
This is a very debatable issue. To some extent, yes it can be true because auto pilot does most of the work now. Disuse of a machine can make you less equipped to handle it.
Q – Should I be scared of turbulence?
There is absolutely nothing to be scared of. Look, a plane is a very strong machine. It is made to withstand adverse conditions of all sorts. Turbulence is a minor disturbance in most cases. Secondly, we have a advanced technologies and instruments to predict and avoid any unwanted weather conditions. Plus, studies suggest that there have rarely been any injuries due to turbulence. All you need to do is fasten your seat belt and sit calmly.
Q – We have heard that pilots tend to under-play the gravity of an emergency to passengers. Is it true?
Yes, I’d have to say so. The reason being: passengers don’t understand technical terms, so they might panic and create havoc. They could try and take measures on their own which could be disastrous for all of us.
Q – Lastly, it is a common belief that a pilot can be judged by his or her landing and take-off skills. The smoother the touch-down, the better pilot. How credible is this notion?
Alas! Many people hold this view, but it’s not true. Yes, a pilot could have good skills if he can make a smooth touch-down. But it doesn’t do justice to his or her flying skills.
Sometimes conditions demand firm landings and the passengers may not get this. It doesn’t mean the pilot is inexperienced; only that the pilot could be adjusting to weather conditions or runway problems.
Capt Karan Parmar spoke to Kamna Rishiraj of Team Travel Secrets | aerospace |
https://www.fishpondsvoice.co.uk/airbus-honour-for-students | 2020-07-04T03:26:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655883961.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704011041-20200704041041-00567.warc.gz | 0.970877 | 391 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__28027165 | en | Airbus honour for students
TWO students have been flying the flag for Bristol Metropolitan Academy after travelling to Germany to celebrate Airbus Foundation's 10th anniversary.
Evan Grimwood and Joshua Underhill headed for Munich to take part in a Flying Experience Day where they had a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to fly on a vintage aircraft, tour the historic city and network with fellow students from as far as China and the USA.
The youngsters are part of the foundation’s Flying Challenge programme, and were selected to represent their cohort among fellow students from five countries.
The students also had the privilege to meet Tom Enders, CEO of Airbus, and share with him their dreams of working in aviation after taking part in the programme.
The CEO parachuted into the venue from a helicopter to meet the guests.
Evan and Joshua are enrolled on Airbus’ Flying Challenge programme, which aims to improve students’ confidence and inspire them to explore careers in the aerospace industry. The programme sees them visiting the Airbus Filton site on a regular basis, where they work with their Airbus mentors to earn themselves a nationally recognised qualification.
Reflecting on the eventful weekend, Joshua said: "I feel really honoured to have been invited to this trip, I’ve had so many great experiences! My highlight was taking off in a small vintage plane and seeing Munich from the air."
Philippa Evans, teacher at Bristol Met who accompanied the students on the trip, said: "The students felt really privileged to have been invited to Munich to celebrate 10 years of the Airbus Foundation. It was a great opportunity for them to meet other Flying Challenge students from around the world and hear about the impact Airbus has had on their generation over the years."
The group also got to meet students and mentors from Airbus’ Broughton site in North Wales where the Airbus Foundation Flying Challenge programme is in its first year. | aerospace |
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