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1 0 MAINE WON’T WAIT S T R A T E G Y A Embrace the Future of Transportation in Maine Transportation is responsible for 54% of Maine’s annual greenhouse gas emissions. To meet our emissions-reductions goals by 2030 and 2050, our state must pivot to the future by pursuing aggressive transition strategies and innovative solutions within this import-ant sector. 1 Accelerate Maine’s Transition to Electric Vehicles • Achieve emissions-reduction goals by putting 41,000 light-duty EVs on the road in Maine by 2025 and 219,000 by 2030. • By 2022, develop a statewide EV Roadmap to identify necessary policies, programs, and regulatory changes needed to meet the state’s EV and transportation emissions-reduction goals. | 1 |
1.1.3 Ocean Scientific evidence is mounting of the significant changes occurring in the oceans. This is captured in the recent IPCC report:14 “It is virtually certain that the global ocean has warmed unabated since 1970 and has taken up more than 90% of the excess heat in the climate system (high confidence). Since 1993, the rate of ocean warming has more than doubled (likely). | 1 |
103 Land Stewardship Project. “LSP White Paper: Farming to Capture Carbon and Address Climate Change Through Building Soil Health.” January 27, 2020. 104 U.S. Department of Agriculture. Wisconsin Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative: Stategic Plan 2011–2016. December 2011. | 0 |
14 F. State agencies and local governments should develop climate change adaptation plans for critical infrastructures for which they are responsible. Climate change impacts, particularly sea level rise and storm surge vulnerability in coastal areas of Virginia, should be taken into account in all critical infrastructure planning, project design, and prioritization of projects for funding, as well as infrastructure management, operations, and maintenance. VTRANS 2035, the Commonwealth’s statewide long-range multimodal transportation plan, should include a complete reevaluation of the state’s transportation plans, capital investment programming, and projects in light of climate change, higher energy prices, and changing demographics. | 1 |
211 “Overview: Weather, Global Warming and Climate Change,” NASA, accessed November 10, 2020. 220 “Ecosystem Services,” National Wildlife Foundation, accessed October 28, 2020. | 0 |
24. Corringham, T. W., Westerling, A. L. & Morehouse, B. J. Exploring use of climate information in wildland fire management: A decision calendar study. J. Forest. 106, 71–77 (2008). 25. Pulwarty, R. S. & Redmond, K. T. Climate and salmon restoration in the Columbia River Basin: The role and usability of seasonal forecasts. | 0 |
257 “Explaining Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” U.S. EPA, last modified October 29, 2020. 258 Delaware Department of Finance, Division of Revenue, State of Delaware Tax Preference Report: 2019 Edition. 259 “Scientific Consensus: Earth’s Climate is Warming,” NASA, accessed November 10, 2020. php?id=790. | 0 |
3. Merton, R. K. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1973). 4. Gibbons, M. The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies (Sage, 1994). 5. | 0 |
4 The project released a report in April 2015 putting forth recommendations for local gov-ernments to make their communities more resilient to the effects of climate change. The report outlines six main conclusions as well as 36 specific recommendations that touch on assessing, planning, and man-aging for resilience; developing and sharing information; engaging the public and stakeholders; and building capacity. 5 There are several communities around the state that have already shown success implementing new ideas or committing to GHG emission reductions. | 1 |
42 AEP initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions include improving plant efficiencies, utilizing renewables such as wind (800 MW) and hydro (300 MW), and using forestry projects to help offset emissions. The current $500,000 per year investment in forestry projects offsets .35MM tons of CO2 emissions. AEP believes that the path forward to reducing emissions is dependent on several factors. | 1 |
43 3. Observed Trends and Future Projections 8 Wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity While forest fires occur naturally and provide important ecological benefits for many ecosystems, the frequency and severity of fires is expected to increase due to climate change. Warmer air temperatures, reduced snowpack, and reduced summer precipitation lead to reduced soil moisture and longer dry seasons that prolong the period in which fires could occur.56 Observed trends: Over the period 1987-2003, major wildfire frequency in the western U.S. increased fourfold compared to the period 1970-1986. The area of forest burned was six times greater in 1987 to 2003 than during the previous 16-year period from 1970 to 1986.57 Future projections: In the Pacific Northwest, wildfires are projected to burn twice as many acres yearly by the 2040s and three times as much forest area by the 2080s (relative to 1916-2006). | 1 |
5-7 Transportation and Land Use Sectors Policy Descriptions The policy options described briefly here not only result in significant emission reductions but also offer a host of additional benefits, such as reduced local air pollution; more livable, healthier communities; and increased transportation choices. A more thorough description of these policy options along with their goals, implementation strategies, and other details is available in Appendix H. TLU-1. Smart Growth Bundle with Transit This policy option calls for incentives and programs to encourage smart growth, including downtown revitalization, transit-oriented development, and enhancing the pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, thereby reducing VMT. Current land-use development practices increase vehicle travel by dispersing destinations, which separates activities and favors automobile travel over alternative modes. "Smart growth" planning by local, regional, and state governments refers to development that reduces sprawl and maximizes environmental, fiscal, and economic resources. | 1 |
55. Glantz, M. H. Consequences and responsibilities in drought forecasting: The Case of Yakima, 1977. Water Resour. Res. 18, 3–13 (1982). | 0 |
6. Build on existing monitoring and evaluation programs to detect problems with tree growth, phenology, reproduction, or tree health. F-3. | 0 |
96 6. Ocean and Coastlines Washington Shellfish Initiative In December 2011, Washington became the first state in the nation to have the Governor endorse an agreement among federal and state government, tribes, and the shellfish industry to respond and expand Washington’s shellfish resources, promote clean-water commerce, and create family-wage jobs. The agreement builds on the National Shellfish Initiative created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to stimulate coastal economies and improve the health of ailing estuaries through increasing commercial shellfish production and native shellfish populations and habitats in our nation’s waters. As a part of the Washington Shellfish Initiative, and with strong support from the NOAA administrator and scientists, Governor Gregoire has convened a Blue Ribbon Panel on Ocean Acidification of leading tribal, local, state, and federal policymakers; scientific experts; public opinion leaders; and industry representatives. | 1 |
A six-week campaign was offered to Abbott employees and their covered spouses to educate, motivate and build skills in the area of stress management. | 0 |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS E ala! E alu! E kuilima! The Office of Planning would like to acknowledge the many individuals, organizations, and state and county agencies that contributed to the development of this plan. Mahalo to the Hawai‘i 2050 Sustainability Plan project team who supported the development of this plan, led by Danielle Bass with support from Brittaney Key of the State of Hawai‘i Office of Planning's Statewide Sustainability Program, the ICF team lead by Susan Asam and Leslie Chinery with support from Brad Hurley, Jamie Liu, Mollie Carroll, Samantha Heitsch, Grace Tamble, and Eliza Puritz. Mahalo to Neil Hannahs for providing support throughout this project. | 0 |
ADAPTiNG TO A CHANGiNG CLiMATE Climate change will have significant economic, health, and natural resource impacts throughout New Hampshire in the twenty-first century. Unfortunately, because of the levels of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere, the state’s climate will continue to change even if immediate steps are taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly. This is because greenhouse gases reside in the atmosphere for a century or more, and interdependent physical, chemical and biological processes in the oceans, atmosphere, and on land respond slowly to changes in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas emissions. | 1 |
Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. Maryland Department of the Environment 2030 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act Plan XIII partners and individual actions, and often evolves at different spatial and temporal scales. Maryland recognizes the need to include robust adaptation and resiliency efforts alongside the aggressive GHG mitigation measures put in place to effectively address and protect the state from climate change impacts. | 1 |
Additionally, partnerships with community groups and organiza-tions known as trusted resources can help reach vulner-able populations. Increase Public Education Offerings Related to Climate and Energy • Develop enhanced educational opportunities for climate science and clean-energy careers in Maine public schools to meet increasing interest from students and educa-tors. Launch a process in 2021 to engage key stakeholders including students, older youth, educators, and state leaders in next steps. | 1 |
Additionally, residents who receive food assistance through Hawai‘i's emergency food relief system often receive donated foods that have high levels of fat and sugar and poor nutritional quality, impacting residents who receive food assistance (Creamer 2019a). Other health challenges include lack of access to mental health services, rising e-cigarette use by youth, public health impacts from climate change (such as heavy rain, flooding, sea level rise, and hurricanes), and poor diet and exercise trends. There is also a dearth of detox facilities to help treat those with drug-and alcohol-related disorders (DOH 2020). | 0 |
All changes relative to 1916-2006; numbers rounded to nearest whole value (Elsner et al. 2010) The risk of lower low flows (e.g., lower 7Q10** flows) increases in all basin types to varying degrees. The decrease in 7Q10 flows is greater in rain dominant and transient basins relative to snow-dominant basins, which generally see less snowpack decline and (as a result) less of a decline in summer streamflow than transient basins. (Mantua et al. 2010; Tohver and Hamlet 2010) Changes in flood risk vary by basin type. Spatial patterns for the 20-year and 100-year flood ratio (future/historical) indicate slight or no increases in flood risk for snowmelt dominant basins due to declining spring snowpack. | 1 |
All reports issued by the IPCC undergo a rigorous four-tiered approval process, with the first three tiers each involving an expert review and revision under supervision of review editors, and the fourth and final review consisting of a line-by-line approval by government delegations in a joint plenary session. The 4th Assessment Report concludes that evidence of global warming is “unequivocal.” The findings of the 4th Assessment Report, as presented to the Commission, include: • Global GHG emissions have grown 70% between 1970 and 2004. • Carbon dioxide (CO2) accounted for 77% of total worldwide emissions in 2004. | 1 |
Almost 12 inches of precipitation was reported over the 10-day period in a series of events. April 2017 has preliminarily been ranked as the wettest April on record by NOAA. Additional details for historical flood events are provided in the following paragraphs. | 1 |
As a result, extensive mapping and hydraulic analyses have been provided for areas protected by the SPFC, high-resolution imagery has been developed for the California coastal shoreline, and maps characterizing the geologic conditions of California’s alluvial fans are available. Flood forecasts have greatly improved California’s climate data collection and evaluation, and warning efforts. Information is shared and exchanged with local, state, and federal partners and the public through the California Data Exchange Center (CDEC). | 1 |
As in the Colorado River basin, the projected changes in monthly runoff for the South Platte basin across all studies show a strong tendency towards earlier spring peak flows and reduced summer flows. Arkansas River Basin The BCSD5 projected changes in annual runoff for the Arkansas River basin for mid-century shown in Figure 5-13, with a range of -10% to +19%, are shifted wetter than previous results based on CMIP3, FIGURE 5-18. Projected change in April 1 snow-water equivalent (SWE) for Colorado river basins under RCP 4.5 for 2035–2064 Fig. 5-18. Projected area-averaged change in April 1 snow water-equivalent (SWE) for major river basins in Colorado for 2050 (2035–2064) compared to a 1971–2000 baseline under RCP 4.5, from the BCSD5 hydrology dataset (BCSD-downscaled CMIP5 GCM output run through the VIC hydrologic model). The basins are listed in the same order as in Figure 5-13. | 1 |
Assess and monitor assets in subsidence zones, leveraging available public agency data. Increased wildfire frequency and intensity Assess wildfire risk through weather forecast model data and communicate risks to guide operational fire prevention activities and readiness for response. Implement broad strategy of wildfire prevention that includes pre-treatment of infrastructure, an infrared program, a wires-down program, right-of-way vegetation management clearances and a wood pole test and treat program. | 1 |
Attribution is the process of establishing the most likely causes for the detected change with some defined level of confidence. Climate Climate is first defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The typical period for averaging these variables is 30 years. | 1 |
Both the greenhouse gas scenarios and global climate models are periodically updated as the science of climate change advances. The most recent projections for 21st century climate change (IPCC 2013)[1] align with and confirm earlier projections (e.g., IPCC 2007).[2] 1. How much and how fast climate changes occur depends on both the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and how the climate changes in response to those emissions. As a result, projecting future climate requires making assumptions about future greenhouse gas emissions and then modeling the climate’s response to those emissions. | 0 |
But there is unlikely to be a significant reduction in the range of model projections at global or regional scales under a given emissions scenario. Key points • The global climate system has warmed since 1900, particularly in the past 30 years, as evidenced by increased surface, atmospheric, and ocean temperatures; melting glaciers and ice sheets; rising sea levels; and increased atmospheric water vapor. • These global climate changes have been attributed mainly to anthropogenic (human-caused) influences, primarily the increase in atmospheric concentrations in greenhouse gases to the highest levels in at least 800,000 years. • In North America, temperatures have increased by about 2°F in the last 30 years, with anthropogenic influences making a substantial contribution. | 1 |
CHAPTER 4–PROFILING CALIFORNIA’S SETTING CALIFORNIA STATE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN │ SEPTEMBER 2018 SECTION 4.3 -PAGE 157 Best Practices Highlight 4.A: Santa Cruz County Plan for Climate Action and Adaptation In 2017, the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors approved a county Climate Action Strategy that incorporated adaptation efforts. In addition to addressing greenhouse gas emissions through emission reduction targets and strategies, the Strategy also identified the vulnerabilities to climate change that the county is expected to face by 2100, but acknowledges that uncertainly is a condition that must be accepted and dealt with through the decision-making process. Based on these identified vulnerabilities, the Strategy provides a risk assessment of the effects of climate change, followed by goals and strategies to assist in reducing significant impacts from climate change. | 1 |
CHAPTER 7–FLOOD HAZARDS CALIFORNIA STATE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN │ SEPTEMBER 2018 SECTION 7.4 -PAGE 490 CURRENT LEVEE FAILURE HAZARD MITIGATION EFFORTS State Flood Management Initiatives California voters have approved billions of dollars in bonds over the years to finance various critical infrastructure improvements and retrofit projects. A November 2006 bond election resulted in provision of $4.9 billion of levee repair and improvement funding. The 2006 levee bond election led to formation of the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Delta Risk Management Strategy (DRMS) program and to initiation of a comprehensive flood mitigation program in the Central Valley. In June 2011 the final Phase 2 Risk Reduction report was issued building on the knowledge gained from the DRMS Phase 1 assessment evaluating scenarios to reduce risk to the state economy. | 1 |
CHAT is a decision-support tool for city, county, and state practitioners involved in public health and local planning efforts to better prepare for extreme heat in the future. This online, interactive tool will support the inclusion of extreme heat and its impact on human health into long-term policy and planning decisions in California. CHAT will be launched in 2018. MyPlan and MyHazards The purpose of MyPlan is to improve the quality of hazards and risk assessment by local communities in preparing Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMPs), general plan safety elements, and Local Coastal Programs (LCPs). | 1 |
Chapter 4 examines the complex relationships involving California’s disaster history, growth factors exacerbating hazards and risk, development trends, vulnerable populations and new statewide climate change mitigation and adaptation planning initiatives. Notably, the Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update integrates hazard mitigation planning with statewide and climate change adaptation initiatives. The Safeguarding California Plan is a benchmark document that all state agencies can refer to in aligning their mitigation efforts to the state adaptation policy. | 0 |
Chapter 8. Public Health 64 These mechanisms can be supported through integrated local and regional transportation planning using Complete Streets principles. Reductions in fuel use and emissions can also be achieved through congestion mitigation and smart growth planning that facilitates the establishment of more walkable communities, with sidewalks, bike lanes, and bike paths. Policies and technologies to reduce congestion, such as congestion pricing and traffic signal synchronization, can alleviate major bottlenecks and improve local air pollution, especially in communities located near busy roads. Bike sharing programs have become a popular feature in cities across the nation, providing additional opportunities for physical activity. | 1 |
Climate Impacts Group P a g e | 3‐1 College of the Environment, University of Washington SECTION 3 Making Sense of the New Climate Change Scenarios The speed with which the climate will change and the total amount of change projected depend on the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and the response of the climate to those emissions. To make projections, climate scientists use greenhouse gas scenarios – “what if” scenarios of plausible future emissions – to drive global climate model simulations of the earth’s climate. Both the greenhouse gas scenarios and global climate models are periodically updated as the science of climate change advances. | 1 |
Climate projections are distinguished from climate predictions in order to emphasize that climate projections depend upon the emissions (or radiative forcing) scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning, for example, future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized and are therefore subject to substantial uncertainty. Regional climate models (RCMs) These models are similar to global climate models but run at finer scales over smaller spatial domains. They use the coarser global climate model output to drive the conditions at the boundaries of their domain and then simulate wind, temperature, clouds, evapotranspiration, and other variables on the finer grid with their domain. | 1 |
Climatic Change 102(1-2): 159-186, doi: 10.1007/s10584-010-9852-3. TAG 1, Built Environment: Infrastructure and Communities Interim Report January 26, 2011 43 Jevrejeva, S., J. C. Moore, and A. Grinsted. 2010. How will sea level respond to changes in natural and anthropogenic forcings by 2100? Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07703, doi:10.1029/2010GL042947. Mantua, N.J., I. Tohver, and A.F. Hamlet. 2010. | 0 |
Co-Benefits: The actions supporting this strategy will also support smart growth, improvements to non-auto modes of transportation which will help reduce GHG emissions, and water quality. Technical Feasibility: Yes Strategy 4: Increase the resilience of critical infrastructure to severe weather and other climate change threats by improving system efficiency, reliability and redundancies. While the actions in Strategy 3 focus on specific facilities, this strategy includes actions that seek to make systemwide improvement in resilience. | 1 |
Communities can support long-term, secure livelihoods for their residents through diverse economic development and employment opportunities. Business support, skills training programs, and access to financing options can help people and businesses respond to natural disasters and economic challenges linked to climate change. N E X T S T E P S L-4.1. Actively identify and catalog opportunities to replicate or scale-up elements of the Community and Watershed Resilience Program being implemented to support post-Rim Fire recovery and resilience in Tuolumne County. (The Program is funded through a National Disaster Resilience Competition grant.) L-4.2. Identify and develop innovative and equitable market-based strategies to support new approaches for implementing and financing resilience projects in communities and natural systems. | 1 |
Compensation Compensation & & Benefits Benefits We offer a competitive and integrated total rewards package designed to attract, motivate and retain top talent. | 0 |
Complex and global issues such as climate change require a strong understanding of natural science, resource management, and environmental change. The best way to address this is by increasing edu-cational attainment in Alaska and increasing student proficiency in math, technology, engineering, and science. Because of Alaska’s land and resource endowment, it is additionally important to include a focus on natural resource and environmental science, which will ground future Alaskans in the sus-tainable management, development, and conservation of renewable and nonrenewable resources. A critical and firm understanding of energy issues, both for export and domestic use, and the ways Alaskans power and heat their homes or run their businesses, is especially important in a state with current high costs of energy and a dependence on oil and gas revenue. Ultimately, what is taught in the classroom depends on the quality of the state’s teachers and the resources they have at hand, and decisions made by local school boards. | 0 |
Consider the adoption of a “one water approach” to provide integrated planning and implementation approach to managing finite water resources for long-term resilience and reliability, meeting both community and ecosystem needs. Utilize green building performance tracking and metrics for building retrofits and consider impacts to building occupant health. Collaborate with design professionals, developers, and contractors to identify synergistic sustainability and greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies that meet larger State and County goals while supporting affordability and workforce development. Establish partnerships and capital to build, maintain, and enhance infrastructure and fund the development of sustainable housing. | 1 |
Creating new wetlands to offset anticipated loss or degradation of refugia elsewhere, 5. Managing water levels to reduce fluctuations and to maintain water temperature & chemistry (identify and reduce water diversions, and reintroduce native species such as beaver. State water pollution laws and regulations State water resources laws and regulations Lake Management Districts Lake Management Plans SMA Noxious weed laws and programs Volunteer lake monitoring Dam licensing Statewide lake monitoring program Remote sensing methodologies for lakes Data on lakes sufficient to support adaptation is limited. Monitoring and modeling would be resource intensive to provide statewide coverage of major lakes. | 1 |
CropScience carried out additional training courses on the subject of sustainability audits. | 0 |
Develop a state water plan that allows holistic planning of water resources and responses climate change. (Freshwater 2.2.1) 4. Evaluate Shoreline Master Programs to address current practices and institutional barriers that prevent inland migration of critical coastal habitats at risk from inundation. Options might include greater development setbacks, dynamic setbacks, and requiring planning that addresses future climate change impacts prior to allowing development projects to be built. (Marine/Coastal 2.1) 5. Build climate change into marine spatial planning from the start. TAG3 Interim Report February/2011 26 | P a g e GOAL #8: Develop applied tools for decision makers and land managers Climate change requires new ways of assessing information and determining the best tools or course of action for land managers and other decision makers. | 1 |
Develop and provide state and local jurisdictions with green shoreline design manuals for different types of shoreline along Puget Sound and the Pacific coast. 5. Incorporate future sea level rise in the prioritization, design, and post-project maintenance of toxic clean-up sites near the shoreline. C-4. | 1 |
During 2016, technical and professional checks were carried out on 124 firms (29 contractors and 95 subcontractors) and a positive opinion of the execution of the works and services contracted was given for 94 firms (9 contractors and 85 subcontractors). | 0 |
EJ areas—Shorthand for “Environmental Justice census tracts,” where 20% or more individuals live in poverty, and/or 30% or more of the population is minority. Overburdened populations—“Minority, low-income, tribal, or indigenous populations or geographic locations … that potentially experience disproportionate environmental harms and risks.” EJ areas are used in this assessment as a proxy for locations where populations are already overburdened by hazards and other structural disadvantages. OPPORTUNITIES TO ADAPT TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 122 areas are 1.8 times as exposed to high numbers of high-heat days and are slightly over-represented in high-risk flood zones, compared to the state overall. | 1 |
Each participant measured their daily step count using an accelerometer and entered their results online. | 0 |
Energy-intensive industries contribute a similar level of emissions to buildings— from onsite fuel usage and emissions inherent in certain industrial processes like cement manufacturing. Natural and working lands – which include emissions from agriculture and land-use changes (i.e., developing green spaces or impacting wetlands) – contribute the smallest percentage of overall emissions. However, because natural and working lands also present an opportunity to capture GHG emissions—an important piece of the carbon neutrality puzzle—they should not be undervalued or overlooked. | 1 |
Engagement is the state of emotional and intellectual involvement and commitment that leads people to do their best at work. | 0 |
Ensure that water quality improvement and water reuse strategies are incorporated with land use planning. Establish mandatory recycled water use zones within reasonable transport distances from major sources of recycled water and establish incentives for developers. Upgrade Water Reuse regulations to allow unrestricted irrigation with R-1 recycled water and allow use of municipal delivered R-1 recycled water in individual residences for landscape and crops irrigation. Allow groundwater recharge with recycled water for: use as a barrier against seawater intrusion, aquifer storage and recovery, indirect potable reuse, and as a flood mitigation strategy. Mandate use of recycled water where available for golf course, landscape, and agriculture irrigation within designated recycled water use zones. Develop standards and guidelines for stormwater reclamation and reuse. Conduct water audits of public water systems to verify use and aid water providers in identifying water losses. | 1 |
Evaluation versus valuation. Although evaluation is not explicit in most definitions of climate services (Table 1), these experts agreed that it is crucial and an important weakness in current prac-tice17. Participants reported that few organizations are attempting systematic and comprehensive evaluation because it is difficult, time-consuming, costly and subject to important scientific, financial and institutional constraints. | 0 |
Expand capacity of DSS from pilot scope to statewide/ regional scope WDFW – Priority Habitat and Species Database; online NOAA/USGS Pilot Project in Methow to develop climate change DSS for land use managers. DataBasin Long-term, sustainable decision support system. TAG3 Interim Report February/2011 50 | P a g e FORESTS Existing Programs/Tools New Programs or Policies Needed Institutional Barriers or Information Gaps Strategy 2.2.6: Conduct vulnerability assessment for different ecological systems and key species within forest habitats and implement findings in planning, policy and management actions. | 1 |
External influences such as public pressure, the perception of vulnerability41,59,60 or actual water scar-city22 can help overcome resistance to using novel information. For instance, because of intense water-supply challenges, water resource managers in Australia perceived themselves to be at greater risk from not using available climate information than from using it38. They believed that many in their constituency would find it unacceptable “if a known risk to supply was ignored in earlier planning”(ref. 38). Finally, knowledge-seeking behaviour among potential users, valuing research, and organizational incentives also shape knowledge use7,8. | 1 |
Figure 47 outlines the types of strategies that can be deployed in sequence to identify and adapt to the impacts of increased average temperatures on the Commonwealth’s recreation and tourism sector. The order in which strategies are deployed is dependent on actors’ understanding of impacts, the availability of decision support tools, and funding. Opportunity for Cross Sector Coordination: Climate monitoring for weather, pests, and other ecological conditions can be pursued across sectors. For example, the agriculture, natural resources, and recreation and tourism sectors will all be interested in water quality monitoring. | 1 |
Finally, this policy should provide specific incentives or policies that would eliminate or limit barriers and expand distributed generation in South Carolina. 6-1 Chapter 6 Transportation and Land Use Sectors Overview of Greenhouse Gas Emissions The transportation sector is the second largest contributor to South Carolina’s gross GHG emissions. In 2005, the sector accounted for 34%, or about 32 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMtCO2e), of South Carolina’s gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. | 1 |
Findings from a case study in Rajasthan, India. Environ. Dev. 25, 43–58 (2018). 104. Maharjan, A. et al. Migration and household adaptation in climate-sensitive hotspots in South Asia. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. 6, 1–16 (2020). | 0 |
Fish and wildlife resources suffered, recreational use of lakes and rivers decreased, forestry losses and fires increased, and hydroelectric power production decreased. In February 1991, DWR and Cal OES surveyed drought conditions in all 58 California counties and found five main problems: extremely dry rangeland, irrigated agriculture with severe surface water shortages and falling groundwater levels, widespread rural areas where individual and community supplies were going dry, urban area water rationing at 25 to 50 percent of normal usage, and environmental impacts. Storage in major reservoirs had dropped to 54 percent of average, the lowest since 1977. | 1 |
Florida sources would be expected to mitigate 18.46 MMtCO2e more than required to meet targets due to the relatively low cost of mitigation and the opportunity to sell allowances to other WCI Partner sources. Complete 7 A 100 percent auction is assumed due to limitations in the model resulting from RGGI’s low cost mitigation opportunities (see Annex 1 to Appendix B). As a policy matter, the Action Team is neither recommending nor assuming that Florida will use 100 percent auctions as a means of initially distributing allowances. | 1 |
For example, if the pivot point for all passenger cars is, say, 23 mpg (or 0.043 gpm), then a car getting 18 mpg (0.056 gpm) is 0.013 gpm worse than the pivot point, and so incurs a $1,300 fee. Another car getting 36 mpg (0.028 gpm) is 0.015 gpm better than the pivot point, so it earns a $1,500 rebate. With a $1,000 per 0.01 gpm rise, the maximum incentives and disincentives would run around $2,500. Because vehicles will (it is hoped) become more efficient, the pivot point will need to be re-adjusted every year to reflect the most recent year's gasoline mileage data. | 0 |
For example, managers are assessed on how well they work to ensure diversity among job candidates. | 0 |
For instance, the state’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory estimat-ed that the land-use sector offset roughly 4.6% of Delaware’s gross greenhouse gas emissions in 2016.153 However, the tools and methods for estimating the carbon seques-tration potential from some ecosystems, such as tidal and nontidal wetlands, are still in the early stages of development. Use of remote sensing technology and other methods to assess land use continue to improve account-ing for the carbon sink potential of natural and working lands. 3.1.5.2 Strategies and Actions for Sequestering Carbon A policy report by the University of Delaware Cooperative Extension builds on efforts by DNREC staff to summarize best management practices that contribute to maintaining and increasing carbon sequestration and storage on agricultural lands, forest lands, urban greenspaces and wetlands.154 The report also identifies programs that support these cli-mate benefits and meet other environmental goals, including for water quality, soil health and wildlife habitat protection. | 1 |
For the two studies with small ensembles of projections deliberately selected to span the range of the full ensemble, the individual projected changes are shown with horizontal bars. The values in red show the percentage of individual projections indicating a future decrease in flow. “HModel” identifies the hydrologic model used to simulate the streamflow changes, and “Runs” is the number of individual hydrologic projections. All of these studies used the BCSD method for downscaling the GCM output. | 0 |
Four of the nation’s 15 largest cities are in California (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco), and all are at risk for some type of flooding. Integrated Water Management (IWM) is, along with land use planning and increasing agency collaboration, one of the top priorities for addressing the states flood approach.28 Wildfire has a different set of considerations. When an area has been burned, one major factor of the hazard in the immediate area–fuel load–has been reduced. | 1 |
From informal mentoring to formal classroom instruction for new hires and seasoned veterans alike, we provide targeted work-related training and development opportunities to our team members. | 0 |
Further, the APSC should identify appropriate incentives that are necessary and in the public interest, to further encourage the utilities to offer energy efficiency, conservation, and DSM programs. There are currently no regulatory requirements for municipally owned electric systems and electric cooperatives to offer energy efficiency programs to their customers, although this could change in the next several years. Off-Peak and Interruptible Electric Service Rate Schedules and Demand Response Programs—In addition to the specific programs listed above, all of the electric utilities offer a variety of rate schedules to encourage commercial and industrial customers to avoid or reduce electricity usage at peak periods. | 0 |
Generally, wetland areas have low commercial potential and are valued for their ecological, recreation and aesthetic qualities, so expanded protections are likely equitable. Cost-effectiveness: Identification of these critical areas through remote sensing and analysis is relatively cost-effective, but will require some investment in state agencies, universities, or consultants to conduct the work. Site specific analysis will be more costly. | 0 |
Global sea level rise, which integrates many of the effects of warming, continues at the same rate as in the 1990s. So why is global surface temperature— which is based on thousands of land-surface and sea-surface measurements—showing a recent slowdown in warming? A large part of the explanation involves the natural variability of the oceans, which store much more heat (>90% of the global total) than the land surface and the atmosphere combined. The very strong 1997–98 El Niño event caused a spike in global surface temperature in 1998 (as can be seen in Figure 4-1), as enormous amounts of heat were released from the Pacific Ocean. Since 2000, however, there have been no strong El Niño events, and neutral or La Niña conditions have prevailed. | 1 |
Having a market for harvested wood products is important to incentivize forest management that will result in higher carbon removal from the atmosphere over the long term, but perhaps an even greater benefit is the incentive it gives the landowner to 157 Maryland Clean Energy Center. 2020. Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Future Biomass Potential in Maryland. Maryland Department of the Environment 2030 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act Plan 115 maintain the land as forest rather than sell for development or other purposes. Figure 3.2-17. Carbon Benefits in the broad view (USFS 2019). | 1 |
Having a system in place to gather and track fossil fuel usage data at the municipal level, as well as best practices for municipalities to implement for reduction of fossil fuel use, are action that enables other actions that help Vermont reach its GHG mitigation requirements. Equity: To enhance equity of this strategy, traditionally underserved and impacted communities will be identified, and their input will be solicited on equitable practices for data collection, display of data, and accessibility of data. As this strategy is implemented, consideration should also be given to how this data is shared and explained to traditionally underserved and impacted communities, so the impact of data collection is clear. | 1 |
Horizontal and vertical integration continues to be an ongoing process in California as shown by 2018 SHMP Goal 4 that promotes integration of mitigation efforts and policy within and among state agencies and with regional and local jurisdictions. Parallel to this general movement toward formal integration, California has increased state-level coordination by expanding of the State Hazard Mitigation Team (SHMT) and promoting participation of all members in SHMP goals, objectives, strategies, and hazard assessment material. The interagency coordination accomplished through the SHMT informs the state’s mitigation strategy. | 1 |
However, 2 0 1 8 National Climate Assessment warns that “the prevailing evidence strongly suggests” climate change will partially counteract the progress made in reducing ozone precursors.56 The 2018 National Climate Assessment clearly documents that impacts to air quality, particularly ozone and particulate matter-related effects, will harm certain groups more than others: the elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses.57 Impacts from climate change on outdoor air quality will affect urban areas where larger proportions of minority, low-income, and immigrant populations reside. Louisiana Climate Action Plan, 2022 24 A recent study by researchers at the EPA-funded Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions found that people of color are largely exposed to more particulate air pollution on average across income level, within individual states, and within individual urban and rural areas.59 These findings were reinforced by a November 2021 EPA report on Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States. In the report, the EPA found that -among the social vulnerability factors of income, race, education, and age -people of color are most likely to currently live in areas that are projected to have the highest levels of climate change impacts with 2° Celsius of warming or 50 cm of global sea level rise. | 1 |
However, as the concentrations of these gases continue to increase in the atmosphere, the Earth’s temperature is rising above traditional levels. According to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration data, the Earth’s average surface temperature has increased by about 1.2 to 1.4° Fahrenheit in the past 100 years. The eight warmest years on record (since 1850) have all occurred in the past 10 years (since 1998), with the warmest year being 2005. Human Activities are Changing the Earth’s Climate In May 2001, the White House asked the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to assess the current understanding of climate change by answering key questions related to both causes of climate change and projections of future change. | 1 |
However, many developers may not be taking full advantage of existing EE incentive programs in this sector. Opportunities exist to better align multifamily utility EE incentives with new NC Housing Finance Agency projects and their refinancing cycles, and to seek out complementary funding such as US Department of Agriculture (USDA), state weatherization and other non-regulated sources. 155 Many of the ideas and some of the text for this recommendation were taken from the EE Roadmap’s Recommendation #13 and #16. | 0 |
However, the rate at which emission reductions can be achieved is highly uncertain. View Description CLIMATE JUSTICE During the listening sessions conducted in association with the State Climate Strategy, Nevadans expressed support for adoption of Clean Cars Nevada in that it would improve air quality. On the other hand, they expressed concerns about the up-front a�ordability of low-and zero-emissions vehicles currently available on the market. | 0 |
If such substances are used during research into new pharmaceuticals, they are first checked with respect to the Convention on Biological Diversity. | 0 |
In addi-tion, increased temperatures and CO2 levels would lead to increased pollen production in several key allergenic species such as ragweed12. Infectious Diseases – An increase in hot weather would likely facilitate the spread of vector-borne infectious diseases such as Lyme disease, eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile virus. Intense public health monitoring programs have already been implemented for vector-borne disease. | 1 |
In addition, we are updating our Supplier Guiding Principles implementation guide, which will further address land rights. | 0 |
In aquatic environments, invasive species threaten aquaculture operations, recreational boating, agriculture, water conveyance, commercial and recreational fishing, marine transportation, and tourism, among other industries, all of which are essential to California’s economy. In 2013, California’s ocean-based economy employed roughly 500,000 people and accounted for almost $41 billion of California’s total gross domestic product.252 In California’s freshwater lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, zebra and quagga mussel infestations now pose a significant threat to the state’s complex water conveyance system. As of 2016, more than $24 million has been spent on control and management of these species in California.253 Water hyacinth, an invasive aquatic plant, has clogged the waterways of the California Delta. | 1 |
In contrast to RCI-1, -2, -4, and -6, which affect a wide range of energy uses, RCI-9 focuses on a specific end use through adoption of appliance standards. RCI-7 targets a set of energy users— state and local governments—that are in a good position to demonstrate the benefits of energy-efficient building design and operations to the general public. 4 The net cost savings, based on fuel expenditures, operations, maintenance, and administrative costs, and amortized, incremental equipment costs, are shown in constant 2005 dollars. | 1 |
In some contexts, salience and interplay become more important in driving usability. For example, in a study of climate information use in the context of a boundary organization, it was found that credibility and trust were established quickly allowing interactions to focus primarily on improving information fit and promoting positive interplay8. Second, trust and two-way communication establish long-term rela-tionships between producers and users, and promote better under-standing of each others’ contexts, needs and limitations7,8,11,33,41,43,49. | 1 |
In the U.K., where we began our programs more than a decade ago, the breakfast clubs supported by Kellogg serve more than 1.5 million morning meals annually. | 0 |
In this example, choose Flood Buyout 2015. The Spatial filter dropdown menu will give the user the option to query results that have a spatial relationship (intersect or inside) with a shape drawn on the map or with features in another layer. For this example, choose the second (Only return features that have a spatial relationship with features in another layer). | 0 |
In this section, we examine the role of temperature and precipitation in hydrology, and explore the range of future hydrologic outcomes for Colorado as presented in recent studies and assessments. Because the translation of the CMIP5 climate model projections into basin-scale hydrology output for Colorado and the western U.S. is still at an early stage, we share initial results with the caveat that subsequent hydrology results based on CMIP5 projections that use different downscaling methods or hydrologic models may show different changes. Accordingly, at this time, we encourage users to consider the CMIP5-based hydrology results alongside the CMIP3-based results, as in Figure 5-13. Runoff and streamflow The state of Colorado includes most or all of the headwaters of the Arkansas River, South Platte River, Colorado River, and the Rio Grande. Of these basins, the most-studied with respect to climate change impacts has been the Colorado River; it is among the most-studied basins in the country. | 1 |
Incremental effects are not simply the Annual Effects of a given year minus the Annual Effects of the prior year, since these net effects would fail to account for program attrition, equipment degradation, building demolition, and participant dropouts. Please note that Incremental Effects are not a monthly disaggregate of the Annual Effects, but are the total year's effects of only the new participants and programs for that year.“ US Energy Information Administration Glossary, accessed 7/3/19. Some of the discussions generated substantial debate and disagreement among various parties that could be impacted by a new paradigm for EE. | 0 |
It is therefore important that articles are clear about the appropriateness of inferring trends from their sample to generalized insights and discuss whether their results are representative of some larger population, what biases might arise and to what extent their results are generaliz-able. In several instances, the sample was drawn from existing networks to allow for easy access of data; for example, Shi et al. (2015) use the ICLEI's network of 1,200 municipalities in 86 countries as a sampling frame and extract data on adapta-tion for 156 cities in the United States to analyze the influence of 13 indicators for climate change adaptation planning. Although insightful, such sampling methods are designed to generate insights about adaptation in the sampled cities only. | 0 |
It shows how ongoing state-funded research is supporting and informing adaptation policy and action, then details each sector’s ongoing actions and next steps for every high-level recommendation. This structure is also intended to link directly with the “Natural and Managed Resources and Systems, and Their Uses” chapter in the International Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment Report. California’s alignment with local, regional, national, and international efforts is part of its global efforts to lead climate action and make policy based on the best available science. | 1 |
Journal of the American Water Works Association, 92(9), 77-87. 17 Salathe Jr, EP, Zhang Y, Leung LR, Qian Y (2009) Regional climate model projections for the State of Washington, Washington climate change impacts assessment: evaluating Washington’s future in a changing climate. In press. Shea, K.M., Truckner, R.T., Weber, R.W., and D. Peden, 2008. Climate change and allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 122(3), 443-453. doi: l0.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.032. Setzer, C. and M.E. Domino, 2004: Medicaid outpatient utilization for waterborne pathogenic illness following Hurricane Floyd. Public Health Reports, 119, 472-478. Thomas, M.K., D.F. Charron, D.Waltner-Toews, C. Schuster, A.R. Maarouf, and J.D. Holt, 2006: A role of high impact weather events in waterborne disease outbreaks in Canada, 1975-2001. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 16(3), 167-180. Wade, T.J., S.K. Sandu, D. Levy, S. Lee, M.W. LeChevallier, L. Katz, and J.M. Colford, Jr., 2004: Did a severe flood in the Midwest cause an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms? American Journal of Epidemiology, 159(4), 398-405. Wyler C., Braun-Fahrlander C., Kunzli N., Schindler C., Ackermann-Liebrich U., Perruchoud A.P., Leuenberger P., and B. Wuthrich, (2000): The Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lund Diseases in Adults Team. | 1 |
Jurisdictions can meet the requirements of SB 379 by including climate change in their LHMPs and adopting their LHMP into the safety element of their general plans, which can also gain the post-disaster financial benefits of AB 2140. This effort encourages cross-linkages of various local planning efforts with hazard mitigation and provides an avenue to review existing plans; assess community vulnerability; create a comprehensive set of goals, policies, and objectives; define an implementation strategy; and implement identified mitigation measures. The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) has compiled resources to assist local jurisdictions in determining climate-related assets, resources and populations that are sensitive to various climate change impacts. | 1 |
Keene, New Hampshire 30. Albany, New York 31. Groton, Connecticut 32. Guilford, Connecticut 33. New York, New York 34. Chester, Pennsylvania 35. Baltimore, Maryland 36. Anne Arundel, Maryland 37. Dorchester County, Maryland 38. Somerset County, Maryland 39. Lewes, Delaware 40. Worcester County, Maryland 41. Satellite Beach, Florida 42. Punta Gorda, Florida 43. Lee County, Florida 44. Miami-Dade County, Florida 1 2 3 12 13 4 5 6 7 14 8 9 10 11 15 16 18 19 20 21 2424 26 27 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 39 23 22 17 41 42 43 44 29 30 Figure 1 | Communities with stand-alone climate change adaptation plans that comprised our sample. Information). | 0 |
L-5.4. Make climate justice in local planning a key connection to state activities around climate adaptation. L-5.4a. Support local implementation of general plan statute requirements on climate justice. L-5.5. Collaborate with foundations, non-profits, and community groups to foster greater engagement with State agencies on policy that can improve equity and grassroots resilience. | 1 |
Lack of infrastructure (chiefly community wastewater and water systems) makes compact settlement a challenge, thereby causing housing development to follow the path of least resistance, which is dispersed single-family home development on large lots along rural roads. This de facto development pattern will only exacerbate energy use patterns that will make achievement of many of the goals and objectives of the GWSA a challenge, and underscore the need to create an effective land use planning and regulation rubric that can achieve housing development and accessibility, compact settlement, smart growth, and just transitions policy imperatives. News headlines in 2021 also report disruptions to the supply chain due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to 2020 and continuing through the pandemic are transportation disruptions due to coastal storms. | 1 |
Low tax levels are expected to have little impact on purchasing decisions. High taxes and subsequent tax holidays will have a greater impact on consumers' buying energy-efficient equipment. ! The assumed state tax rate is 6%, which is the amount used to estimate the increased purchases from the tax holiday. | 1 |
MAIN POLICIES The management Model adopted mirrors the main Group Policies, among which we can recall the “Values and Ethical Code”, the “Code of Conduct” and the “Premium Integrity” Programme (to which an update paragraph is dedicated later in this report), the “Social Responsibility Policy for Occupational Health, Safety and Rights, and Environment”, the “Equal Opportunities Statement”, the “Green Sourcing Policy”, the “Global Tax Policy”, the “Corporate Lobbying Policy”, the Group Whistleblowing procedure (to which an update paragraph is dedicated later in this report). | 0 |
MEA recorded the talks and are using these talks as educational material for legislators and their staff. • Maryland Geological Survey is working with NASA to identify any technologies that would assist in identifying methane emitters such as transmissive geologic faults, poorly abandoned wells, fissures, etc. There is presently no funding for this activity, and this project is in its infancy. Existing Regulations EPA regulates geologic carbon sequestration. | 1 |
Many of these rules have been rescinded or delayed, leading to significant uncertainty in the regulatory landscape. Given this uncertainty at the federal level, Maryland has elected to lead by example by mitigating SLCP from sources such as the natural gas industry and landfills. Maryland is working on an ambitious set of actions that have the potential to reduce SLCP emissions as part of the State’s 40% by 2030 GHG reduction goal. | 1 |
Modeling the Fate of New Jersey’s Salt Marshes Under Future Sea Level Rise. Center for Remote Sensing & Spatial Analysis, Rutgers University. 30 Richard Lathrop. 2014. Modeling the Fate of New Jersey’s Salt Marshes Under Future Sea Level Rise. | 1 |
More detailed discussion of these and other approaches can be found in Means et al. (2010), Vogel and Smith (2010), Vogel et al. (2011), and Barsugli et al. (2012). Vulnerability Assessment Typically, a prerequisite for integrating climate change information into adaptation planning is conducting a vulnerability assessment to identify the resources and outcomes that are most sensitive to change under a range of potential future climates. The most time-intensive type of vulnerability assessment is a scenario analysis that uses downscaled climate projections for the basin(s) of interest (Barsugli et al. 2012). | 1 |
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