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During the twentieth century there has been a great change in the lives of women. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived until they were five years old. By the time the younges...
Question: The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid . Just as t tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency an...
What is your favorite color1? Do you like yellow, orange or red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, and an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer gray and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and de...
A little stream flowed down from a high mountain far, far away through many villages and forests, until it reached a desert. The stream then thought, "I've been through countless obstacles. I should have no problem crossing this desert!" But when she decided to start her journey, she found herself gradually disappearin...
Question: Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North American were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteen century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more co...
With about 10 million new iPhone 6s ordered in the initial days on the market, a lot of old iPhones are bound to be thrown into the dustbins. Sure, you could sell, donate or recycle your old iPhone, but you probably will not. And there are better things to do with it. One creative example: At the Missouri University of...
In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a "weight problem.". To many people, the cause is clear: We eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were slimmer than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people wo...
We live in a culture that sends out very mixed messages about mistakes: We're told we learn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn't. Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show tha...
A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass stays the same. On Saturday 17 September 2016, you may catch sight of hundreds of apes running around the streets of London. They'll have been filming a new Planet of the Apes movie, you'll probably think. But in fact, when the starter's pistol sounds ...
The teacher stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers. "I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test. " he said. "And because I know you are all able to understand these questions. I am ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test. '' A...
Once when I was six years old I saw an amazing picture in a book called True Stories from Nature about the primeval forest. It was a picture of a boa constrictor in the act of swallowing an animal. In the book it said:"Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole without chewing it. After that they are not able to move a...
Recently I fully understood that a little favor could really make a big difference. My daughter and I were, accidentally, in time to catch a falling heart just before it hit the ground. It all started when Charlene, one of my co-volunteers at the library, asked if I could do her duty on Tuesday since her doctor appoint...
To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains, But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain, Its first use was as a shade against the sun! Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it ...
Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) was a great naturalist, famous for his theory of evolution . One day two boys decided to play a trick on the great man. They took the body of a centipede , the head of a beetle , the leg of a grasshopper , and the wings of a butterfly, and glued them together. Putting the strange creatu...
A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbyists raise pets,build model ships,weave baskets,watch birds,hunt animals,climb mountains,raise flowers,fish,ski,skate and swim. Hobbyists also paint pictures,attend concerts and plays,and perform on musical instruments. They collect everythin...
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out , and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they must be unknown in advance You cannot make choices on this matter. You either have science or you don't and if you have it you have to accept the surpr...
A group of senior high school students are playing outside on a basketball court. They are shouting with excitement. And they all have the same dream. They wish to play in the NBA, just like Huston Rocket's Yao Ming. "Someday, there will be more Chinese players like Yao in the NBA," said 15-year-old Xie Tao, a senior 1...
Question: You may have heard of the famous saying, "East or west, home is the best." What does the word "home" mean to you? How do you say the word in French? In Chinese? In your language? Although people usually know what the word means, it sometimes has no exact translation. It's not surprising, because the idea of h...
Question: Which activity is an example of a good health habit? A. watching television B. smoking cigarettes C. eating candy D. exercising every day Answer: D Question: Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts ...
Here's how you can take the taxi in Japan *From train station or airports , go to the _ and wait there. *In the street, look for a taxi that has a red light in the front window. It means the taxi has no passengers . ( If the light is green, the taxi has passengers. ) *When you see an empty taxi, wave your hand and cal...
When a consumer finds that something he or she bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to what the producer says for it, the first step is to present the warranty ,or any other records that might help, at the store of buying. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, ther...
Question: Charles Dickens was one of the most beloved storytellers in the English language. His novels made him famous in his own time, and continue as classics in ours. Dickens began his literary career with almost no formal education. He was born in Landport, on Feb. 7, 1812, the second of eight children. When h...
Do you know Xishuangbana? It's a very beautiful place. It lies in Yunnan. The Dai people live there. Their homes are wonderful. The houses are very big and have long legs to hold them up. Sometimes those legs are over two metres tall. It can be very hot in Yunnan. But the Dai people do not need air conditioners to ...
If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase? A. nitrogen B. carbon dioxide C. carbon monoxide D. hydrogen Answer: B. carbon dioxide Several dollars equal nothing for some people, but make a difference for others. Steve has just lost his wife to cance...
Question: Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological discovery and is one of South America's largest tourist sites. As many as one thousand visitors visit the ancient Incan ruins daily. What draws vacationers and adventurers to this remote location high in the Andes Mountains of Peru ? A la...
Once, there was a beautiful girl who didn't like herself, because she was blind, she couldn't see anything. In fact, the girl loved nobody except her boyfriend, for he was always ready to help her. She used to tell her boyfriend, "If I could see the world, I would marry you." One day, someone donated a pair of eyes to ...
If someone has a bag of old sandwich wrappers, they way that they can do damage to the area they live in is to Answer: discard them The rainbow lorikeet is a kind of parrot in the northeast of Australia. It is the most colorful and noisy bird in the world. The bird has green, orange, blue, red, yellow, purple and gr...
Yes, it's still 2015, but as USA Today says, "it's never too early to plan your 2016 travels". With so many hot destinations around the globe, "where should I go?" can be difficult to answer. According to Lonely Planet, though, Brazil is a fine choice - on April 29, the travel guide named that country the top one to ...
Question: A food additive is any substance that is added to food. Many people are put off by the idea of "chemicals in food". The truth is that all food is made up of chemicals. Natural substances like milk, as well as man-made ones like drinks on sale in the market, can be described by chemical formulas . Some chem...
Question: There will come a time when you must decide to lead the life someone else has chosen for you... or the life you want. According to legend, when a young boy asked the great Renaissance artist Michelangelo why he was working so hard hitting the block of marble that would eventually become his greatest sculpture...
What do you use to get around town? A car? A bike? Your feet ? perhaps you should try a segway! The Segway is perfect for short journeys. It's an electric vehicle that consists of a platform between two wheels, with a pole that connects the platform to the handlebars. To ride it , you step up onto the platform, and con...
Every year Chris Brogan posts his three words for a new year. Many others and I have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot. My words for last year were"passion", "focus"and"delegate"and I stayed true to them. This year, 2013, my goals are more personal and less professional. FOCUS Foc...
Bob comes out of the station and at once he doesn't know where to go. He comes to see his good friend, Peter. Peter is a worker. He works in a factory, but Bob doesn't know where the factory is. He walks along the street. He passes a hospital, a post office, a bookshop and at last he gets to a school. Some students are...
Throughout time, people have loved music for its ability to transport them into a world of rhythm and melody. Recently more and more hospitals and clinics have been _ the power of music -not only to comfort patients, but to help cure them as well. Welcome to the world of music therapy . After each of the two world wars...
We thought we had it all---a beautiful house, three healthy children and one more on the way, two cars, a couple of four-wheelers for entertainment---and we loved it. Then, the market turned and my husband's job at a construction company was gone. The company was closing down for good.We both started looking for jobs r...
Today there are 7 billion people on the earth.By the year 2050 there may be 9.0 billion.We will have a lot more people to feed.We need more food. One way to produce more food is by growing stronger plants.For thousands of years,farmers have made plants better.Every season,they pick the best plants for the next season.I...
When Julio Diaz stepped off the subway after work one night, he was simply planning to go to his favorite local diner for a meal. But when a teenage boy approached him with a knife, Diaz knew the evening was about to take a more dramatic turn. The young man demanded Diaz's wallet, and Diaz passed it over without objec...
Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the am...
The relationship between humans and animals has always been complex. Some cultures have developed entire belief systems around favored animals. Even in cultures with less formal belief systems, connections between people and animals still lead to commonly accepted opinions about animals. These belief systems usually de...
In 1974, the price of petrol in Britain rose by 120 percent; cars became expensive to run and train and bus fares increased. People who hadn't used a bicycle since they were children decided that they would buy bicycles.They discovered that cycling could be enjoyable and cheap. Bicycle sales had been falling for many y...
Science can't explain the power of pets,but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack,reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.For some.an animal provides more comfort th...
Dear Addie, Greetings from New Jersey, how is New Zealand? I'm very excited to have you as my pen pal. I guess it's my turn to tell you about myself. First off, I live with my parents, two sisters, and our pet dog Brighty. Our town is called Whippangong. It is only about a half-hour away from New York City. My oldest s...
A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honours a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Swede called Alfred Nobel. He was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. Alfred Nobel was a great scientist. He made two important inventions, and so he became very ric...
Mr. Green has a small garden in front of his house. There are lots of flowers in it. But he has only a few trees. His neighbor Mr. Black has a garden, too. Mr. Black's garden is smaller than Mr. Green 's garden. He has fewer flowers than Mr Green but more trees. Mr. Brown is Mr. Green's another neighbour. Mr. Brown's g...
Jack is 10 years old, and I am his pencil. I'm Jack's helper . Jack's pencil box is my home. I have some friends here. They are seven crayons, a ruler, a pencil-sharpener and an eraser. Because Jack loves me, I'm the king in the pencil box. My friends and I are happy every day. Today, I am not happy because a pen come...
When Kyle walks into Ernie's Pet World, he looks very _ . The shop owner, Ernie, jumps out of his seat to greet Kyle. He is the shop's first customer of the day. "Good morning, sir!" Ernie says, "What can I help you with?" "Well, I... "Kyle starts to say. "Wait, don't tell me," Ernie stops him, "You're looking for a......
Question: Learning How to Learn $ 24.99 Children who read this book show great interest in study. Many pictures will help understand it easily and quickly. Basic Study Manual $ 38.50 Read this book and learn: What the three barriers to study are and what to do about them. What to do if you are fed up with a sub...
The Italian island of Sardinia recently lost its oldest citizen. Family members say Antonio Todde died in his sleep early this month. Mr. Todde was 112 years old. It was less than three weeks away from his 113thbirthday. Record-keeping experts say he was the world's oldest man. His long life and that of other ...
That"Monday morning feeling"could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break. The risk of having a heart att...
Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year. The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported. The study found that eme...
Question: When animals need to recharge, they are unable to use electricity, and therefore A. take naps B. rely on fat C. use fuel sources D. rely on calories Answer: D Question: When I was in junior high school, I was really a bad boy.My history teacher--Mr.Oven criticized me a lot because I was naughty in his class....
For most students, school is over and summer fun is here. Even kids who are going to summer school don't need to be cooped up indoors during these bright sunny days. Why? Thanks to technology, many kids now have the _ of attending "virtual" summer schools online. These "virtual" classes are not new. Many colleges and u...
Believe it or not, you can't escape Disney World. Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Winnie the Pooh look out from T-shirts, school bags and lunch boxes. Cartoons such as "Snow White" and "The Lion King" shape the childhoods of countless kids. While Disney's products might have been your favorites as a child, you may no...
Here are some tips on how to talk with your parents. Try to start your talk with something fun. This will make talking easier. For example, ask your parents questions about their day. They love this! Make it clear what you want to tell your parents If they have an opinion, let them finish and don't disturb. Ask them to...
Question: "If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it!" That may seem a strange thing to say. But touching things can help you to see them better. Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is. You can feel how heavy the gla...
Which substance should a student apply to the skin if he or she gets splashed with an acid? A. water B. vinegar C. salt D. formaldehyde Answer: A. water Would you like to be a king or queen? To have people waiting on you hand and foot? Many Americans experience this royal treatment every day. How? By being customers. ...
Three Yale University professors agreed in a discussion that the automobile was what one of them called "Public Health Enemy No. 1 in this century". Besides polluting the air and overcrowding the cities, cars are involved in more than half the disastrous accidents, and they contribute to heart disease "because we won't...
THERE is an old saying: "Don't judge a book by its cover." It means that you shouldn't build your first impression of someone on his or her looks alone. But according to a new study, the famous sayingmight not be correct after all. A group of US scientists have found that the first impression we have of someone else is...
We all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles of your neck, or because an unexpected twist has made your neck ache and stiff. Your whole body feels tight. The slightest move makes you jump with pain.Nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck. That is why we use the phra...
Some people believe that international sport brings about good will between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably ...
Question: Grandfather and 3-year-old boys are natural buddies. On this particular day in May, the grandfather was pleased to have the company of his best little pal when planting the vegetable garden. For a while, the boy seemed to like it too. His small fingers were just the right size to pick up tiny seeds and drop t...
Question: Do you have bright ideas? Ideas of inventions that change society or, at least, make life easier for somebody? Perhaps we all do sometimes, but we don't often make the idea a reality. Recently, in Britain, there was a competition called British Designers for Tomorrow. The competition encourages young people t...
Question: The rise of the so-called "boomerang generation" is revealed in official figures showing that almost one in five graduates in their late 20s now live with their parents. By contrast, only one in eight university graduates had failed to fly the nest by the same age 20 years ago. It also found that grown-up son...
Question: Scientists working for a company are testing a new medicine that they think will help heal damaged tissue. In which part of the company are the scientists working? A. distribution B. mass marketing C. public relations D. research Answer: D. research Question: When Parents were told that their child, Son, sho...
People often use gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that the gestures can be understood in different ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in Engl...
Weird Homes We All Wish We Live in Your home is one of the biggest purchases you're going to make in your entire life, but that doesn't mean you can't live somewhere you enjoy. If you're looking for the weird, the wonderful, or just odd, then these houses are the top of the list. Upside Down Like the previous upside do...
When you hear the words "streets dancer", what is the picture that appears in your head? For most people, it is a picture of a person wearing unusual clothes with a hat on his head, dancing to the music in a cool way. For example, a person who wears a large T-shirt dances on the street. Clearly, clothes those street da...
Americans are less inclined to get married than at any time in US history, posing social and public-policy dilemmas and the threatening to dissolve the "glue" that connects fathers to their children, experts say. A report released by the US National Marriage Project found "a rather weakening of the institution of marri...
Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure. Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later genera...
Jerry was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side o...
A Tale of Two Cities was written by the famous English writer Charles Dickens. The tale is mainly about the French Revolution in 1789, where the poor rose up against the king and the nobles. Dickens showed deep sympathy for the poor and deep hatred for the cruelty of the upper class, though he wrote quite a lot about t...
Roll over, sit and fetch aren't commands normally given to a robot, but the smart toy company WowWee has developed a new way of owning a puppy. CHIP (Canine Home Intelligent Pet) is a robotic dog with blue LED eyes and pointy ears and can sit, shake, dance and make all types of dog noises. It also has tracking capabili...
My wife and I have always been friendly with the clerks at the local convenience store. I don't think many people appreciate what a difficult job these folks have. They work for a little over minimum wage and I often wonder how they make ends meet. One of the clerks, Charlie, was always wearing his glasses but he didn'...
My parents are amazing. I had the most wonderful childhood, and it's not because I had everything I wanted or because I was a cool kid. I have learned a lot about parenting from what my parents did. Here are a few gems that I use now or plan to use in the future with my two boys. Here's how a conversation often went ...
Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time? A. centimeters B. grams C. milliliters D. seconds Answer: D While at the park one day, a woman sat down next to a man on a beach near a playground. "That's my son over t...
For the kids in Matt Marciano's sixth-grade social studies class, Thanks-giving is a time for great ideas. "We look at different foods that people eat around the world," says Marciano. "The lesson," he explains, "teaches students to admit that some people are unlucky. And it also gets them thinking about Thanksgiving, ...
Reality TV is a type of programme. It means that real-life people, not actors, are followed and filmed in a real situation, or game. Reality TV is very popular in the UK. At their best, these programmes give us a good look into the lives of different people in Britain. At their worse, they are a very cheap way to make ...
NEW YORK---One in five U.S. workers regularly attends after-work drinks with coworkers, where the most common mishaps range from badmouthing another worker to drinking too much, according to a study released on Tuesday. Most workers attend so-called happy hours to bond with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear th...
If you usually take the school bus or sometimes need to take public buses to school, there are some important rules you should know. *When you are waiting for the bus, you should wait at the bus stop, and stand well back. *When you get off the bus, make sure you and the driver can see each other, and wait for the drive...
Question: When looking for a good renewable resource in order to avoid wasting anything that will eventually run out, a man decides to use A. colored pencils B. snow cones C. murky river fluid D. fresh flounder Answer: C Question: It was the day after Halloween when my grandmother was admitted to the hospital with the...
On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease? A birds with long, probing beaks B birds with thick, strong beaks C birds with thin, short beaks D birds with large, pouch beaks Answer: B. birds with thick, strong...
Once there was a little girl in a village. She spent summers on her grandfather's farm. The year she was four, she knew some ducks. The ducks were white with orange feet. They lived in a little wooden house near the road. The little girl liked these ducks very much. Every day they walked down the road to the pond . Th...
"In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight." "Two full inches in the first three days!" These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device (;). The promoters (;) of products say they can shape the l...
Charlie was always happy. He liked helping others and people asked him for help when they were in trouble. He even got the name"Happy Charlie". One day, a boy called Waterworks came to the town on holiday. No matter what Charlie said to him, Waterworks would always find some reason to be sad-- My parents didn't buy me ...
As I grew older, my dad and I grew further apart.We always had totally different opinions.He thought that college was a waste of time,but for me it was important to finish college.He wanted me to work my way to the top as he had done in his field,but l wanted a different life.There was a time when we did not talk with...
The Winter Palace was built between 1754 and 1762 for Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great. Unfortunately, Elizabeth died before the palace was completed and only Catherine the Great and her successors were able to enjoy the great interior of Elizabeth's home. Many parts of the palace's impressive inter...
Question: People who cannot tell all colors apart are said to be color-blind. Most color-blind people can see yellows and blues, but confuse reds with green. It is very rare for a person to be blind to all colors, but they may see everything in shades of black, white and gray. It is interesting to point out that many c...
One of my China Dialogue colleagues in Beijing recently bought a Philips energy-saving light bulb to replace a standard one.He was happy with his choice.It may have cost 30 yuan (just under US$4.50) - ten times the price of a filament bulb - but he wanted to save energy as part of his low-carbon lifestyle.And accordi...
Few buildings on earth can compete with the legendary beauty of the Taj Mahal. Towering over the ancient Indian city of Agra, the Taj Mahal is the grandest monument to love ever created. The lovers in this story are the 17th century Indian emperor Shah Jehan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal. She took a leading role in advis...
Question: In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have f...
Sheep always follow each other and never really think about where they are going. Perhaps fashion makes us into " _ ". Maybe we should find our own way and not follow the crowd. Everyone wants to wear top brand clothing. However, we should remember that clothes designers study what ordinary people wear on the street. ...
Sprinklers during the summer is prohibited because of A documentation B vaporization C solicitation D rowdy neighbors Answer: B. vaporization About 150 years ago, a village church priest, Patric Bronte, in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes fell entirely on the only male heir, Br...
Question: Twenty-three-year old Rio Safiyanto sells face masks, or coverings, for about 30 cents each in central Jakarta, Indonesia. He makes enough money to buy a cell phone that permits him to visit websites. He says every average person has a cellphone. He likes having one because he can talk to his family when he i...
As I was leaving to meet Lynne, my roommate told me that I'd better take some money. But I didn't listen to him. I thought that Lynne would pay because she had invited me. I arrived at the restaurant exactly on time. I'd been told that Americans expect you to be on time. Lynne and I sat at a table in the corner of rest...
ONE of Britain's favorite pastimes, gardening is to be celebrated during the Olympics. Last week, the Olympics minister Tessa Jowell announced a public competition to design a typically British garden within London's new Olympic park. Jowell said the idea behind the competition was to show off to the world one of the n...
It is unlawful for an employer to publish a discriminatory advertisement. How to identify a discriminatory advertisement: * It must be read as a whole, and account must be taken not only of the words, but also of the pictures that it uses. * Job titles that have sexual connotations mean an intention to discriminate o...
Immigrants are always being told by politicians to learn the language. But some people want to know how long it takes to speak good English. There are plenty of people in the UK for whom even basic English is a problem. According to a census , 726,000 people in England and Wales said they could not speak English well,...
A good brand agency can create for you a brand identity of your products. Having the best agency to help with your business, no matter how small, can be one of the biggest steps you can take in letting the world know and get familiar with your products and brands. Brand agencies work hand in hand with the company i...
Question: Mr. Zhang was a sports fan. He worked in a hospital in the capital. He was busy all the time and had little time to have a rest. And one day he felt unwell and couldn't go on working. He decided to spend a week's holiday in a quiet village where he could go swimming or fishing. He got off at a small railway s...
Woody organisms that produce plants like oak tree seeds and leaves are a source of energy for Answer: consumers like deer Sam hated doing chores. And he had many chores. For example,on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays he took out the rubbish. And on weekends he always washed his father's car. He also cleaned his own ro...