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<i>Cross on the Star of David: The Christian World in Israel's Foreign Policy 1948–1967</i> (review) | Robert O. Freedman (https://openalex.org/A5032151170) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Cross on the Star of David: The Christian World in Israel's Foreign Policy 1948–1967 Robert O. Freedman 1948–1967, by Uri Bialer. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. 240 pp. $39.95. In recent years religion has played an increasingly important role Middle Eastern foreign policy. On one hand, since Islamic Revolution Iran 1979, a radical interpretation Islam been motivating factor Iran's policy, leading Islamist regime to take bitterly anti-Israeli stance. other Evangelical Christianity significant behind Bush Administration's pro-Israeli policy from 2001 2007. While both Islamists and America's Christians became politically influential after 1967 Arab-Israeli war, religious issues were also Israeli well before that conflict, as Bialer demonstrates this very researched written book. Indeed, highlights neglected topic he outlines often troubled relations between Israel Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox Churches such topics possible internationalization Jerusalem, future Church property, missionary work Israel. considering these issues, shows dilemmas facing decisionmakers they weighed different options dealing with their backers Europe, Soviet Union, United States. early State Israel, main problem was Catholic its Pope. policymakers deeply suspicious Church, seeing refusal recognize right exist reflecting nearly 2,000 of, if not downright bigotry, then at least fear rebirth would raise major questions about doctrine which, 1965, saw destruction Second Temple [End Page 168] 70 CE Romans proof God's grace had shifted Jews Christians. points out (p. 4), L'Osservatore Romano, Vatican newspaper, published statement asserted, "Modern Zionism is true heir Biblical . therefore, Holy Land sacred sites belong which Israel." At first, however, recognition central issue but rather energetically advocating. describes detail how policymakers, having caught surprise Vatican's success pushing through Nations December 1949 declaration for worked, tacit cooperation Jordan, occupied East thwart Vatican-led declaration. ultimately successful, Jerusalem dead letter—at far UN concerned. problems Greek Russian Churches. case, while Union recognized provided it diplomatic support military assistance (via Czechoslovakia) during war Independence, there vexing ecclesiastical property Complicating issue, notes, various claimants included government, Ecclesiastical mission, Palestine Society. Initially, favored claimants, USSR chilled when Moscow switched backing Arabs, negotiations slowed, partial agreement reached until May 1964. One most interesting aspects Bialer's book his discussion government handled activity. hand feel duty propagate faith, centuries have receiving end forced conversions. With establishment Jewish leadership balance abhorrence activity desire alienate countries missionaries came, dilemma... | review | en | Protestantism|Foreign policy|Islam|Christianity|Political science|Middle East|Religious studies|Interpretation (philosophy)|Theology|Economic history|Politics|Law|Sociology|History|Philosophy|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0151 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2054565486', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0151', 'mag': '2054565486'} | Iran|Israel|Jordan|Palestine|State of Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Cultural Encounters in the Arab World: On Media, the Modern, and the Everyday</i> (review) | Peter Limbrick (https://openalex.org/A5068486535) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Cultural Encounters in the Arab World: On Media, Modern, and Everyday Peter Limbrick (bio) by Tarik Sabry. I. B. Tauris 2010. $29.00 paper. 256 pages We read not only from our disciplinary locations but geographic ones as well, so it was with pleasure a sense of immediacy that I Sabry's World while doing research Morocco Cairo, two book's key sites. makes bold convincing argument for an Studies attends closely to stuff everyday life, be lived Casablanca, or (in one his case studies) Amazigh (Berber) village Atlas Mountains. task is formidable, because he attempts make within Arabic philosophical systems also creating epistemological "bridge," calls (an actual bridge sites) between philosophies which engages does simply replicate practiced other contexts. In balancing interventions ethnographic fieldwork Cairo Morocco, Sabry builds compelling might perform renovation thought, better equip challenges here now. The first chapter (effectively, introduction) begins claim very history culture cultural encounters others. Rather than search "authentic" identity, aim embrace these ongoing histories encounter thus possibilities contradictions they bring. this respect shares company others who have fought distance thinking hermetic model such [End Page 173] late Samir Kassir, whose book Considérations sur le malheur arabe (somewhat misleadingly titled Being its English edition) embraces long intellectual exchange world others.1 looks models take seriously outside world, Al-Jabri's Critique Reason, leans on heavily throughout book, Ibrahim Abu-Lughod's Rediscovery Europe: A Study Encounters, earlier firsthand accounts travel those Al-Tahtawi Al-Saffar, even far back Ibn Khaldun Batouta.2 Having established starting point, then, suggests three realms understand through "modernness": self-reflexivity. These terms structure collection chapters follows: 2 deals contemporary thought; 3 4 expand about life; 5 6 (the latter functioning conclusion) concern questions self-reflexivity thought question Studies. Chapters 1, 2, 3, are more theoretical ones, debating positions around modernness takes central, whereas remaining detail Egypt do serious work connecting concrete examples overall argument. explorations enormous service scholars. While declaring bias toward influential Maghrebian philosophers like Abdullah Laroui Mohammed Abed Al-Jabri, ranges wide engagement. His addresses material originally published Arabic, introducing Anglophone audience (as Kassab) debates always available translation.3 Moreover, rather just outlining their (which does, clearly), actively critiques sources, bending insights into new areas relevance. Most important, argues when philosophy has approached modernity, stayed what "whatness" modernity leaving out the... | review | en | Argument (complex analysis)|Everyday life|Ethnography|Immediacy|Pleasure|Aesthetics|Sociology|Media studies|Art|Anthropology|Epistemology|Philosophy|Psychology|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Neuroscience | https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2012.0116 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2062828034', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2012.0116', 'mag': '2062828034'} | Egypt|Morocco | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Cinema and Media Studies |
<i>Cultures of Confinement: A History of the Prison in Africa, Asia, and Latin America</i> (review) | John Pincince (https://openalex.org/A5013361911) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Cultures of Confinement: A History the Prison in Africa, Asia, and Latin America John R. Pincince America. Edited by Frank DikötterIan Brown. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2007. 384 pp. $45.00 (cloth). Incarceration, as primary form punishment, deterrence, reform, or rehabilitation criminal offenders, has a life history some two hundred years. At various times places, modern prison supplanted premodern forms punishment such bodily mutilation, banishment, slavery, fines, execution. This collection essays, which emerged out series workshops 2005, explores ways global historical context but was articulated, situated, informed local conditions. The contributors aim to examine projected disciplinary goals governing authorities America, while questioning reality an ordered rigid penal system evident Michel Foucault’s influential work on genealogy European prison, Discipline Punish (1977). In introduction, Dikötter explains that state evinced Foucault, symbolized penetrating gaze Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon, far less certainty real-life discursive practice incarceration realms other than Europe. Instead, six this nine-essay volume explore “messy realities incarceration” “limits state” (p. 9). social relations at level reveals odds sorts with discourse rationality. Moreover, Foucault [End Page 556] theorists Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim focused Europe, thus not only were workings colonial non-European states ignored, prisoner agency, violence, resistance, convict-warder remained notably absent concerns about relationship between transformation rationalizing discourses practices (e.g., discipline punishment) prison. Proposed eight essays is consideration, though regionally located, era. One main themes apparent all degree lived up instrumentalist visions otherwise incarceration. Each essay considers role played over period years deterring, punishing, reforming, rehabilitating offenders. Significant understanding intersection institutions like emergence consolidation state. How pervasive authority creating rational order, inside outside porous walls prison? For most part, authors show essentially reinforced societal inequalities served laboratories for scientific research into behavior prisoners who deemed representative their communities walls. reflected Carlos Aguirre’s “Prisons Prisoners Modernising (1800–1940),” Florence Bernault’s “The Shadow Rule: Colonial Power Modern Punishment Africa,” both cover longue durée incorporating rule development independent nation-states. his “Regulation, Reform Resistance Middle Eastern Prison,” Anthony Gorman examines evolution from 1830s Algeria, Egypt, Ottoman Empire (and after 1923, Republic Turkey). central are similar those found exploring how became mode prisons, however, failed exist systems reform rehabilitation, globally, reproduce entrenched inequities. next situated topically South Asia Indian Ocean. David Arnold’s “India: Contested Prison” looks British India 1790s 1940s. By twentieth century... | review | en | Prison|Latin Americans|Punishment (psychology)|Solitary confinement|State (computer science)|Context (archaeology)|Discipline|History|Criminology|Political science|Sociology|Law|Archaeology|Psychology|Social psychology|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.0.0026 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2075039222', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.0.0026', 'mag': '2075039222'} | Algeria|Egypt|Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>Daughter of the Revolution: The Major Nonfiction Works of Pauline E. Hopkins</i> (review) | Janet Gabler-Hover (https://openalex.org/A5070767457) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Daughter of the Revolution: The Major Nonfiction Works Pauline E. Hopkins Janet Gabler-Hover Hopkins. Edited and with an introduction by Ira Dworkin. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2007. 406 pp. $70.00 cloth/$34.95 paper. Dworkin has given us a useful compilation prolific prose late nineteenth-century black literary artist political activist Elizabeth Hopkins, most often recognized as author Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative Negro Life North South for her publications within relationships Colored American Magazine. Successful in its broad circulation wide-ranging scope but besieged money troubles, Magazine ultimately was destroyed forces, explains. In his substantive to Hopkins's nonfiction, he provides unequivocal transparent account intrigue involved Booker T. Washington's firing from periodical. stealth determination strategies reveal just how politically powerful thought or might possibly be. According Dworkin, Washington driven animus activism, cautionary view program industrial education, conviction that women should figure more broadly workings society. Once dismissed, periodical became tool propaganda, it never recovered popularity. Some overt convictions can be seen, argues, neglected she wrote magazine. By compiling nonfictional works, shows methodically used nonfiction express such convictions. Dworkin's collation "Famous Men Race" Women Race," example, draws our attention coherence thematic continuities series. Most volume's ten parts are organized around series, although several grouped otherwise (such "Juvenilia" "The Controversy"). [End Page 339] points out lacks materialist aspects publication. particular, discusses what convincingly argues is ideological significance visual apparatus While edited magazine, exhibited cover portraits successful African women, cameos Philis Wheatley Frederick Douglass, lush borders elegant flowers leaves. All disappeared after dismissal. As concession lack material features reprints, reader facsimiles, including handwritten copy youthful, award-winning essay on temperance covers Era, another which contributed. volume allows readers insight into rich history culture, since words references vital social fabric extensive network intellectuals, philanthropists, other notables who have been erased from, were made present in, cultural memory. Central bounteous identifications allusions. Taking multitude historical, political, literary, philosophical sources quite task, attributions sketchy nonexistent. reveals himself ingenious sleuth formidable scholar, providing vision depth breadth reading. Scholars will also find ample their continuing work For show found organizing principle guiding argument race politics Thomas Carlyle's On Heroes, Hero-Worship, Heroic History. volume, Carlyle heroes sculpt great civilizations—Rome, Egypt, Ethiopia—that fall oblivion when killed oppressed. apparent influences include documentations heroes. She civilization judged these standards, pointing white racists barred blacks simple privileges constitute self-development perpetuated hatred oppression judging unfair comparing them those many privileges... | review | en | Politics|Conviction|Romance|History|Law|Art history|Classics|Literature|Sociology|Art|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/leg.0.0034 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2050752914', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/leg.0.0034', 'mag': '2050752914'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Legacy |
<i>Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights</i> (review) | Petra Goedde (https://openalex.org/A5042091199) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights Petra Goedde (bio) Roland Burke , (Philadelphia: University Philadelphia Press, 2010), 264 pages, ISBN 978-0-8122-4219-5. A persistent criticism levelled against Universal Declaration Rights, adopted by United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948, has been that it is more reflective Western than universal values. That not without merit. The leading figures involved in framing declaration, were undoubtedly dedicated proponents enlightened humanism. Eleanor Roosevelt, wife late President Franklin Delano chaired UN-appointed Commission. John Peters Humphrey, a Canadian legal scholar first Director Division Secretariat, produced original draft Declaration. René Cassin, French jurist, gave its distinctive structure, drawing Napoleonic code. Commission included non-Western members, among them Charles Malik from Lebanon, C.P. Chang China, Carlos Romulo Philippines, yet all had [End Page 563] received at least part their education West. Nonetheless, as demonstrates this engaging book, Asian, African, Arab human rights specialists played key role evolution program almost inception. He shifts focus story creation Declaration, which primarily story, to how implementation evolved both within political interactions between First Third World. In doing so he shows intricate ways process decolonization agenda influenced shaped one another. puts forward three interrelated arguments. First, assigns decisive "decolonization force UN agenda." Second, maintains for anti-colonialists, represented "rhetorical weapon lambasting democracies." Third, argues overall outcome was neither complete failure nor an unqualified success.1 above arguments goes heart current debate about place history conversely decolonization. other two are diffuse less original. They dissecting competing interpretations existing scholarship finding middle ground them. Fortunately those sections do diminish excellent quality argument, welcome addition burgeoning field history. sees 1955 Bandung conference defining moment anti-colonial debate. At Bandung, delegates affirmed commitment universality rights, same time took liberty define self-determination "first" right. By prioritizing collective rather individual set stage global hierarchies rights. As long struggle underway, issues national sovereignty carried far greater weight anti-colonialists civil defined served Asian African interests well. question whether or should be considered right subject considerable scholarly A.W. Brian Simpson (and recently Samuel Moyn) argued apply thus self-determination, core feature broader decolonization, postwar agenda. However, addressed though does make specific reference self-determination. seems inside outside 1950s. sentence, refers "primacy over rights," another, writes anti-colonialist position that... | review | en | Human rights|Declaration|Law|Political science|Decolonization|Commission|International human rights law|Criticism|Sociology|Politics | https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2011.0018 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2034134364', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2011.0018', 'mag': '2034134364'} | Lebanon | C144024400|C169437150|C86615163 | Human rights|International human rights law|Sociology | Human Rights Quarterly |
<i>Departures: An Introduction to Critical Refugee Studies</i> by the Critical Refugee Studies Collective (A Book Review) | Giacomo Traina (https://openalex.org/A5046745837) | 2,022 | Departures is the introductory volume to interdisciplinary field of Critical Refugee Studies, written by Studies Collective and published University California Press. The book works on many levels can be read in as ways. Partly a guide, partly manifesto, dutifully performs its pre-set task introducing general reader all while engaging with larger issues challenges. Its manifold nature made explicit title itself, intended both an allusion action leaving that deviating from regular path. Highly readable sharp-edged, tailor-made for audience includes (and transcends) colleges universities, this text will likely find way into class syllabi reading lists. Located at crossroads theory resistance, advocacy academia, oozes rage, energy, optimism, unapologetically political.
 authors state “Introduction,” “a seize control image narrative, refugees, centered refugee epistemologies experiences." As community-engaged critical field, it postulates necessity moving past pre-existing humanitarian narratives frameworks, exposing underlying threads tie militarism migration, power memory, empire race. Channeling Somali British Palestinian poetry, Syrian visual art, Vietnamese American independent cinematography, seven contributors call new methodologies approaches, well stories go beyond simple “formula … escape, despair, rescue” embedded mainstream narratives. book's aim break mold, underscoring “invisible relations broker how we see consume subject”; say, radically twist ways which latter defined law, arts, collective conscious. Bold provocative, not fail spark conversations coming years. | review | en | Refugee|Power (physics)|Politics|Media studies|Criticism|Narrative|Field (mathematics)|Political science|Sociology|Gender studies|Art|Literature|Law|Physics|Mathematics|Quantum mechanics|Pure mathematics | https://doi.org/10.31261/rias.14773 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4320019680', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.31261/rias.14773'} | Somalia|Syria | C144024400 | Sociology | Review of International American Studies |
<i>Deterrence and the Revolution in Soviet Military Doctrine</i> (review) | Timothy D. Hoyt (https://openalex.org/A5084044612) | 1,991 | BOOK REVIEWS 203 more useful when placed in the broader context of two issues outside scope book—other uses for basing and trends logistics. First, his study global military presence, Robert Harkavy identifies following ten types bases: airfield, naval, ground forces, missile, space, communications, intelligence command, environmental monitoring, research testing, Bases also support in-theatre training peacetime as well enable a country to respond crises timely manner. Although Blaker correctly movement forces most important use bases, bases must be judged by their contribution other objectives. Second, last decade has witnessed possible trend toward decreased reliance on same analyzed book due improvements U.S. logistical capabilities. Airlift capacity been enhanced with introduction C-141 Starlifters, C-5 Galaxies, KC-IOs, C-130s. Also, increased sealift command funding resulted purchase 96-ship Ready Reserve Fleet eight SL-7 fast ships. Lastly, equipment prepositioned ships Marine Corps, Army, Air Force. Operation Desert Shield showed how this strategy proved very effective, thereby decreasing requirements. Within weeks notification, 13 Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) Indian Ocean arrived offloaded Saudi Arabia, marrying 33,000 Marines all enough supplies 30-day conflict. Similarly, Army supply unloaded stocks days after notification. Future requirements will have re-evaluated light logistics lessons Shield, budget constraints. The technique network analysis is an indispensable tool which approach task. United States Overseas Basing: An Anatomy Dilemma timely, well-organized, clearly written. It fills gap demonstrating essential method assessing value bases. Deterrence Revolution Soviet Military Doctrine. By Raymond L. Garthoff. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1990. 209 pp. $29.95/ Hardcover. Reviewed Timothy D. Hoyt, SAIS M.A. 1988 Ph.D. Candidate. Garthoffs latest affairs unlikely surprise any reader familiar author's earlier works. analyzes thinking deterrence war prevention "pre-Gorbachev" period, examines "new thinking" 1985-90 its effect doctrine, finally lays foundation rethinking policy new era U.S.-Soviet relations. Garthoff does not attempt hide opinions. He begins stating that he believe world safer result development ofnuclear weapons theory. Further, believes Union would gone even if nuclear had existed—in opinion, stakes were never high justify such cataclysm. 204 SAISREVIEW At point, no doubt, some readers inclined shut book, they heard before. Resisting temptation may worth your while — I found readable, informative, reasonably wellbalanced , considering heated opinions surrounding subject matter. There is, course, rehashing old (but still unsettled) arguments regarding intentions capabilities: Garthoffis change mind ifyou already hold contrary Ifyou are, like reviewer, interested doctrine but handicapped lack knowledge Russian, provides synopsis evolution primary Western interpretation capabilities, examination recent debates journals. first three chapters focus concepts ofdeterrence prevention. are familiar. West focussed military-technical (an assured deterrent), assumed (incorrectly, GarthofFs view) inclination attack. This of... | review | en | Peacetime|Context (archaeology)|Aeronautics|Scope (computer science)|Combat readiness|Operations research|Doctrine|Political science|Navy|Engineering|Business|Law|Geography|Computer science|Archaeology|Programming language | https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1991.0001 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2074144515', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1991.0001', 'mag': '2074144515'} | Saudi Arabia | C2776765990 | Peacetime | SAIS review |
<i>Disability in the Middle Ages: Reconsiderations and Reverberations</i> ed. by Joshua R. Eyler (review) | Wendy J. Turner (https://openalex.org/A5043981394) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Disability in the Middle Ages: Reconsiderations and Reverberations ed. by Joshua R. Eyler Wendy J. Turner , Reverberations. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2010. x + 235 pp. $99.95 (978-0-7546-6822-0). The edited volume is a welcome addition to recent literature medieval disability studies. draws from larger studies community for his introduction subject. He elucidates current debate as which of many models best fits disabilities: medical model, social or cultural model (p. 6). As points out, scholars find none these completely satisfying have put forth new models. Edward Wheatley proposes "religious model" Ages.1 "In establishing this he uses framework propose that religion played same role society science medicine modern world" Irina Metzler recommends use definition "disability" it tied economic disadvantage while using "impairment" an overarching etic idea. In her framework, individual could be impaired without being disabled culture.2 suggests term with understanding some people are more than others. Three fourteen brief essays deal subject blindness. Mark P. O'Tool offers study patients at Quinze-Vingts hospital. finds majority [End Page 118] were businesspersons, who because their occupations either used chemicals led blindness worked poorly lit otherwise fatiguing conditions eyestrain. utilizes charts, outlining professionals, no way "poor blind beggars" 12). Julie Singer investigates composers musicians became truly "play[ed] ear" 39). Their sight seems amplified other senses. Francesco Landini "represents us meeting-point theoretical reflections on link between intellectual activating, actual production its end result" 47). For cross-eyed Guillaume de Machaut 48), visual impairment was "a hurdle overcome" 51) may well imbued poetry richer and, suggests, prosthetic narratives. Scott Wells writes Francis Assisi. "began experience 'weakening eyes' early 1220 conjunction journey Egypt preach Christianity Sultan al-Malik" 67). Wells's work insightful. "[B]lindness had kept bounded within clearly demarcated limits; beyond those constraints, would become 'disabling' Francis's potential embodiment sanctity" 80). articles consider works Chaucer. Edna Edith Sayers analyzes deafness Wife Bath. With usual adroit lovely prose, writes, "Deafness, real-life condition rather symbol refusal listen, quintessential individualizer, plucking deafened levelling effects intercourse isolating them though behind glass wall all idiosyncrasies" 91). Tory Vandeventer Pearman considers pregnancy form female body Merchant's Tale. links figure Sheela-na-Gig oversized vagina, lecher, ideas about monstrous births grotesqueness swollen, pregnant body. character May "with illegitimate child, functions corporeal reminder remains inextricable linked body" 37). Andrew Higl scrutinizes Cresseid's leprosy Troilus Criseyde Testament Cresseid. observes how few printers published two together effort give Cresseid fitting "end" through "[t]extual prosthesis narrative [that] reveal concerns meanings when they coupled sort 'double prosthesis... | review | en | Middle Ages|Context (archaeology)|Inclusion (mineral)|Sociology|History|Gender studies|Ancient history|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0012 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086708147', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0012', 'mag': '2086708147'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Bulletin of the History of Medicine |
<i>Dissident Dramaturgies: Contemporary Irish Theatre</i> (review) | Susan Harris (https://openalex.org/A5089013960) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Dissident Dramaturgies: Contemporary Irish Theatre Susan Cannon Harris Eamonn Jordan. Theatre. Dublin: Academic Press, 2010. Pp. 277. £40.00 (Hb). Ironically, the first crop of books on Celtic Tiger literature and culture hit market right around time that global economic crisis smashed miracle to smithereens. Unlike some his less fortunate predecessors, Jordan had incorporate bust into boom narrative [End Page 590] before book went press. notes, in introduction Dramaturgies, spectacular implosion economy investigations followed indicate ultimately was as mythological a beast unicorn: "These factors suggest many those local prosperity wealth gains were driven by spurious speculation much anything else are now about recede" (3). contends, introduction, "while great deal work under consideration [in Dramaturgies] performed just or during period Tiger, it is vital remember did not necessarily bear relation reality" (10). Tigers come tigers go, but they have, Jordan's view, little intercourse with fabulous beasts populating contemporary drama. Unlike, for instance, Patrick Lonergan's Globalization: Drama Era (Macmillan, 2009), Dramaturgies focused how theatre transformed cultural matrix which Ireland fully integrated 1990s. amply demonstrates awareness recent has insisted reading "Irish" part system exchange, he acknowledges "[a]lthough this word its title … does provide either coherence composure metanarrative" (9). But while goes considerable effort discuss all ways very concept "contemporary drama" been challenged, forges ahead study same. Under rubric "dramaturgy," opens up analysis theory production well dramatic text itself, organizes "six specific, if restricted, dominant patterns, configurations constructions shape blatant dramaturgy primarily text-based theatre" (13). These history memory, innocence, pastoral, myth, storytelling (this last theme split two chapters, one general other "Glut Monologues" drama). Most plays considered date from 1980s later; authors who garner most attention Brian Friel, Frank McGuinness, Martin McDonagh, Marina Carr, Conor McPherson, Mark O'Rowe, Thomas Kilroy, Marie Jones. The greatest strength method close performance, adds complexity readings makes among things, valuable record these original productions. also shortcomings. important curious disconnect between book's extremely well-informed discussion relevant criticism actual plays. During turn studies, points out others have suggested McDonagh's true context "British In-Yer-Face movement" spawned 1990s at 591] Royal Court He notes co-produced Leenane trilogy next premiered London National Shakespeare Company (136). Pillowman pointing "substantially drafted" 1993–94, produced, "more common British writers, like Ravenhill Sarah Kane" (203), props aforementioned "In-Yer-Face" movement. There is, however, no sustained Kane Ravenhill; Court's cultivation... | review | en | Celtic Tiger|Irish|Celtic languages|History|Drama|Art|Economic history|Media studies|Ancient history|Literature|Sociology|Philosophy|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/mdr.2010.0018 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2046222328', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mdr.2010.0018', 'mag': '2046222328'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Modern Drama |
<i>District 9</i> (review) | M. Jones (https://openalex.org/A5082778718) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: District 9 Matthew Jones (2009). Directed by Neill Blomkamp. Distributed TriStar Pictures. www.sonypictures.com 112 minutes. When, in 1982, a metropolis-sized alien spaceship took up residence the Earth's skies it did not hover above London or New York as one might expect, but instead hung over Johannesburg, city still grip of apartheid. With their craft immobile and strange disease holding sway amongst population, anthropoid aliens were taken pity on, welcomed to Earth invited live alongside human population. It was long, however, before tensions with locals ignited South Africa's new guests forcibly relocated into shantytown slum populated murderous gangs, [End Page 120] cat food peddlers (the equivalent drug pushers for aliens) prostitutes. The situation destabilised 2010 creatures, now 1.8 million number, again facing involuntary violent relocation camp outside city. When Wikus van de Merwe heavy military force are sent serve eviction notices, trouble really begins. So begins 9, directed Blomkamp produced Lord Rings' Peter Jackson. At its heart, this is science fiction blockbuster that has, Watchmen, sought recover some respectability genre amid 2009's crop popcorn spectacles (Transformers: Revenge Fallen, Terminator: Salvation Gamer come mind). Replete obvious allusions brutally segregated past, film which something much more interesting at work beneath sci-fi gloss than multiplex cousins. Indeed, media has done promote way engages history apartheid, using 'Otherness' discuss racial Others recent decades. There within itself support claims exploits possibilities social commentary inherent genre. Coming screen entrenched strong sense man's inhumanity man, satisfied apartheid looks deeper 20th century connects dots between all cruelty finds. warns go 10, built specifically visitors, urgency horror his voice leads imagine inspiration solution problem have been drawn from Nazi's Final Solution Soviet Gulags. These camps themselves based on precedents set Spanish during Ten Years' War, Americans Philippine-American War British Boer Africa itself. 9's 10 draws long dreadful heritage interment casts horrors an too imaginable future. Thus suggests we perceive physical difference, be terms race species, signifier psychical dissimilarity then such brutalisation will recur. not, only historical allowed emerge text. underground, militarised experimentation site operated shadowy Multinational United, subjected inhuman so information can gathered about him, displays passing similarity function purpose Guantanamo Bay so-called CIA 'black sites' across globe. fact non-governmental organisation manages operation recalls farming out security responsibilities Blackwater Worldwide (now Xe) profiteering Haliburton ongoing war Iraq. Though makes explicit efforts draw connections dystopian future specific atrocities, also seeks comment current disregard beings displayed contemporary conflicts. In doing part our own histories, repeating brutality past and, if continue unabated, projecting... | review | en | Alien|Pity|Population|Pariah group|Creatures|Media studies|Sociology|Law|Art|History|Political science|Politics|Demography|Literature|Archaeology|Natural (archaeology)|Census | https://doi.org/10.1353/flm.0.0146 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2031674650', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/flm.0.0146', 'mag': '2031674650'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Film & History |
<i>Documenting endangered languages: Achievements and perspectives</i> ed. by Geoffrey L. J. Haig et al. (review) | Dmitry Ganenkov (https://openalex.org/A5090486705) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Documenting endangered languages: Achievements and perspectives ed. by Geoffrey L. J. Haig et al. Dmitry Ganenkov perspectives. Ed. Haig, Nicole Nau, Stefan Schnell, Claudia Wegener. (Trends in linguistics: Studies monographs 240.) Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2011. Pp. ix, 344. ISBN 9783110260021. $140 (Hb). This volume is a tribute to Ulrike Mosel on the occasion of her retirement, sign respect for significant contribution field language documentation. The conceived as milestone, summing up experience, most important achievements, future decade after launch documentation program Dokumentation Bedrohter Sprachen (DoBeS) funded Volkswagen Foundation. opens with preface written Nau that summarizes Mosel's contributions documentation, which list publications best evidence. In Ch. 1, 'Introduction: languages before, during, DoBeS programme', editors outline history what now called 'documentary linguistics', highlighting innovations distinguish it from its precursors, provide an overview papers volume. [End Page 366] first part book, 'Theoretical issues documentation', contains three chapters. 2, 'Competing motivations documenting languages', FRANK SEIFART identifies four possible (i) preserve human cultural heritage, (ii) enhance empirical basis linguistics, (iii) speech community, (iv) study contact. Without being mutually exclusive, these have specific requirements content apparatus so no 'in general' possible, priorities each particular project should be set. 3, 'Evolving challenges archiving data infrastructures' DAAN BROEDER, HAN SLOETJES, PAUL TRILSBEEK, DIETER VAN UYTVANCK, MENZO WINDHOUWER, PETER WITTENBURG, provides state-of-the-art technical related handling large amounts data, including formats, organization versioning, access restrictions, legal ethical archiving, tagging, annotation tools, well archived resources. 4, 'Comparing corpora projects: Explorations typology based original texts', GEOFFREY HAIG, STEFAN SCHNELL, CLAUDIA WEGENER advocate promote idea typological investigations textual projects. They claim method text comparison integral typologist's toolkit demonstrate viability comparing how core arguments are realized different families geographical areas—Awetí (Tupí-Guaraní), Gorani (Iranian), Savosavo (Papuan isolate), Vera'a (Oceanic). For comparison, they apply system syntactic annotation, GRAID, developed Schnell. show texts remarkably similar certain properties, such ratio transitive intransitive clauses, suggestive fact monologic narratives, type, enough commonalities make cross-language feasible meaningful. proposed methodology powerful discover areas variation test hypotheses explaining this variation. case investigating distribution pronouns across functions demonstrates this. Documentation work always raises questions about structure documented. Five studies various aspects reported chapters Part 'Documenting structure'. JOHN PETERSON's 5, ' "Words" Kharia—Phonological, morpho-syntactic, "orphographical" aspects', explores notion 'word' Munda Kharia phonological morphosyntactic points view, showing there class clitics attach host both phonology syntax. author then describes experiment reveals intuitions native speakers regard elements... | review | en | Documentation|Tribute|Endangered species|Library science|History|Linguistics|Classics|Art history|Sociology|Computer science|Philosophy|Programming language|Population|Demography | https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2013.0022 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2090487766', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2013.0022', 'mag': '2090487766'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Language |
<i>Dough</i> (review) | Jocelyn Bartkevicius (https://openalex.org/A5018769548) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Dough Jocelyn Bartkevicius (bio) Dough. By Mort Zachter. University of Georgia Press, 2007. 192 pages, cloth, $24.95. There are two kinds dough in Zachter's memoir that name: a bakery product, and money. Coincidentally, I began reading (winner the 2007 AWP Award Creative Nonfiction) with show called Millionaire as background noise. was trapped medical waiting room, small crowded. On loud TV, contestant tried to answer enough questions win tantalizing sum. Usually such an absorbing book eclipses annoying But several people room were calling out answers if they could help contestant, themselves million. Against backdrop, read description out-of-the-blue phone call spilled family secret: his uncle, sitting right across from him haze advanced Alzheimer's disease, had stocked away million dollars. We've all heard them, hoarders like Collyer brothers, who live penny-pinching, restricted lives hundreds thousands dollars bank (or stuffed mattress). One strand traces men, mother's brothers. They slaved business, Ninth Street Bakery New York; shared bachelor apartment; lived quiet, work-centered lives. That same explores childhood strapped for money (the dining their Brooklyn apartment makeshift bedroom), frustrated dreams, daily life bakery, place where nothing baked, day-old bread cakes shipped sell locally. In chapter aptly named "The Food-Stamp Seders" he recalls family's meager Passover celebrations at uncles' apartment. mother waited on everyone only Haggadah, story Jewish exodus slavery Egypt, provided free by Manischewitz kosher wine company. (Later learns there versions many quite beautiful, but not Manischewitz.) [End Page 186] As youngest (and only) child, Zachter has honor singing Four Questions Hebrew. no one ever answers. "No said Kiddush, blessing wine, before my chanting Questions," writes. "Afterward, broke middle matzo hiding afikoman. did know what afikoman was." Only adult does learn children hide then return gift or money, Seder cannot even end until occurs. "But apartment, never since we discussed Haggadah. The sound slapping Mom's house slippers linoleum floor she brought soup plates first course chicken balls." book—and interrogates past—opens these powerful lines: "Bread. noticed much else, smelled bread; but, known look, would have experienced more." From there, lays history begun 1926 grandparents who'd immigrated Russia. He describes old photograph uncles includes book, cash register, breads laid well vintage shot business outside, window packed piled-high, unwrapped cakes). creates gorgeous portrait lost time place. other narrative moves forward discovery hoarded most chapters reflect upon various members' attitudes toward those ideas about mean. At point, brags "my Morton doesn't money." Long confused means, is "convinced gave awards liking If so, to... | review | en | Memoir|Bachelor|Phone|Reading (process)|Art|Advertising|Apartment|Media studies|Art history|Visual arts|Sociology|Law|Business|Political science|Linguistics|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/fge.0.0010 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4229814974', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/fge.0.0010'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction |
<i>Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City</i> (review) | Jordan Patrick Lieser (https://openalex.org/A5066221997) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City Jordan Patrick Lieser Michael A. Lerner. City. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. Pp. 351, notes, index. Cloth, $28.95; Paper, $17.95.) by Lerner has accumulated a number of accolades since its release 2007, ranging from glowing review the Times to Slate Magazine Best Book Year distinction. The author holds Ph.D. and presently serves as Associate Dean Studies at Bard High School Early College Lerner’s book is refreshingly straightforward; it monograph analyzing prohibition era City, with central argument that nation’s “noble experiment” failed miserably (2). well organized functions classic case-study format: localized aspect detail, but applying historical lessons broader level. In Manhattan, studies applies American general. begins his emphasizing political roots briefly discussing unique environment which allowed inception. adheres formula focusing on Anti-Saloon League lobbyist efforts NYC, specifically arrival effectiveness State Superintendant William H. Anderson. However, opinion had larger importance, stating “Anderson’s success or failure would prove critical national campaign for Prohibition. . While was only one state, loomed than most battle dry United States” (8). believed serve symbol movement—the idea being if could succeed notable “ethnic city,” point made [End Page 360] “the state hostile cause,” anywhere (13). treatment origins exemplifies style used throughout book, using an extremely detailed record City’s experience then, when appropriate, giving work wider meaning proving pitfalls were universal. discussion interesting, majority focuses absolute near 14-year period. Central breakdown abundance issues stemming logistically administering 18th Amendment. argues focal enforcement agencies such Bureau Prohibition, whom eventually “engendered widespread opposition Amendment” points out “Dry’s,” those people favor prohibition, seemed doomed beginning due ambiguous incomplete nature legislation. Amendment did not ban consumption alcohol, “manufacture, sale, transportation intoxicating liquors.” second important legal measure, Volstead Act, also problematic, leaving several loopholes liquor ownership failing mention possession alcohol offense. absence new laws, Act left openings medicinal whiskey, industrial use religious sacramental wine. These cracks legality caused problems side effects. For example, reveals after bars restaurants closed decrease profits; however, their place boom pharmacies opening up around city, freely vended under auspice whiskey. Many shortcomings actually brought about ineffective fall utopia swift; fact, what calls “full scale riot” against followed mere months into program (60). As continued, anti-prohibition movement grew size—eventually enjoying three margin over Dry’s according nationwide poll. rebellion in... | review | en | League|Politics|Argument (complex analysis)|Law|Economic history|Sociology|History|Law and economics|Art history|Political science|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Physics|Astronomy | https://doi.org/10.1353/pnh.0.0047 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4210990359', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pnh.0.0047'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies |
<i>Early Libyan Christianity: Uncovering a North African Tradition</i> by Thomas C. Oden (review) | Jonathan J. Armstrong (https://openalex.org/A5065985967) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Early Libyan Christianity: Uncovering a North African Tradition by Thomas C. Oden Jonathan J. Armstrong Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2011 Pp. 332. $22.00. This book is the third volume in an open-ended series on early Christianity, following How Africa Shaped Christian Mind (2007) and The Memory of Mark (2011). Renowned as editor Ancient Commentary Scripture series, has established himself prominent advocate importance ancient studies for resourcing contemporary evangelical ecumenical theology. core was delivered lectures Tripoli at Da’wa Islamic University 2008. While information that author presents interesting insightful, also serves blueprint grander vision Center inspiring generation young scholars to reclaim Africa’s heritage. Studies field Christianity have been inexcusably scarce, contends: “To enter arena venture into least studied theater patristic scholarship” (27). traces earliest reference Irenaeus’s famed rule faith Adversus Haereses 1.10.1 (63), but he explores wealth New Testament evidence pointing conclusion had gained deep hold Libya even first century. As one very few western researching this subject, encounters all problems would anticipate truly pioneering study—sparse citations tenuous conclusions, willing acknowledge many his conclusions are probable best (303). In quest reconstruct lost history, leaves no hypothesis unprobed, positing Pope Victor I Tertullian may born Libya, suggesting marked absence persecutions under Septimus Severus due emperor’s personal relationship with I. “This seems like grist fantasy ‘historical novel’ more than history,” concedes, “but indicators make it plausible” (115). Added difficulty paucity sources inconvenient reality theological trajectory did not always tend toward orthodoxy, ranks Libyan-born theologians include [End Page 311] Sabellius Arius. nevertheless right point out arguments drawn against orthodoxy contributed overall development doctrine: “The commonly received from apostles long run generally held be most reliable truth. But these centuries experimentation needed meticulous testing stronger. Arius eastern provided those challenges” (120). chapter six, reconstructs story Synesius Cyrene—the brilliant theologian who certainly known come modern-day Libya. recounts Synesius’s education Hypatia portrays philosophy some respects anticipating Augustine’s De Civitate Dei. chapters seven through nine, takes reader narrative tour archeological sites describes baptistery church Cyrene, exquisite Byzantine mosaics Qasr five basilicas Apollonia, imposing imperial architecture Sabratha Leptis Magna. Additional volumes groundbreaking projected, reviewer can only hope forthcoming will give history Ethiopian Christianity. Moody Bible Institute–Spokane Copyright © 2013 Johns Hopkins Press | review | en | Christianity|Early Christianity|Scholarship|Faith|Theology|Philosophy|History|Classics|Religious studies|Political science|Law | https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.2013.0024 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1976835250', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.2013.0024', 'mag': '1976835250'} | Libya | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
<i>Early Modern Jewry: A New Cultural History</i> (review) | Joost Daalder (https://openalex.org/A5059394637) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Early Modern Jewry: A New Cultural History Joost Daalder Ruderman, David B. , History, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2010; cloth; pp. 336; 5 maps; R.R.P. US$35.00, £24.95; ISBN 9781400834693. From the outset, I should like to explain that am not writing this review of Professor Ruderman's book as someone at all expert on his subject area, but eager learn more about it. And readable study has certainly disappointed me. In a way find it easiest start my discussion where Ruderman ends it, namely with what he say term 'Early Modern'. He discusses problems associated very well, in view, concluding: 'Put simply, early modernity [as label] betrays its indebtedness flawed theory modernization and thus term, employed literally, is misleading. Only conventional neutral label referring period between medieval modern, implying nothing more, might historian cautiously employ term' (p. 226). Where many Modern' [End Page 252] have ideological axes grind, aims offer sober factual account. His differs, however, from major predecessor, Jonathan Israel, whose European Jewry Age Mercantilism 1550-1750, which appeared 1985, by own admission 'marked significant moment emergence field' 207). As sees Israel's work would us believe Jewish intellectual history 'essentially derivative'. states, generally represents version universal trend, while terms engagement tradition past, exhibits little intrinsic significance. regards such view 'only partial', 'corrective' that, effect, concentrates (pp. 212-14). It appears me succeeds remarkable extent, although occasionally perhaps related matters overall context than does. However, valuable so much informative probing material during assembled, will be possible for other scholars establish links they see. By specifically concentrating thorough rather anything broad, fact achieves great deal interest. suggests, one result 'undermine once long entrenched modern historiography an inevitable one-dimensional one-directional path servitude emancipation, communal solidarity disintegration, ghettoization citizenship, normative radical assimilation' 204). Indeed, thing stands out after reading complexity dealt with. contemporary point Australia, live who see themselves having something 'dual identity', was particularly interested descriptions meant Jews or another saw themselves, and/ were seen others, being both 'something else'. Let consider example says 'The Ambiguity Converso Lives'. Conversos (Spanish Portuguese 'converts') those had become Christians, particularly, usually pressure, two centuries preceding Alhambra Decree 1492 whereby not, did become, expelled Spain country's Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand Isabella. (Ruderman essence starting period.) unusual position, least if chose leave Spain. makes interesting observations following: 'For 253] Christians fully returned Judaism, their rite passage neither simple nor complete. They retained consciously unconsciously deeply ingrained attitudes associations distant religious notions ethnic loyalties that... | review | en | Modernity|Ideology|Modernization theory|Nothing|Period (music)|Classics|Subject (documents)|History|Early modern period|Literature|Philosophy|Sociology|Art history|Aesthetics|Law|Art|Epistemology|Politics|Ancient history|Political science|Library science|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2011.0015 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2056424899', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2011.0015', 'mag': '2056424899'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Parergon |
<i>Echinococcosis multilocularis</i> in south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey | Ali Kemal Uzunlar (https://openalex.org/A5081395889)|Fahri Yılmaz (https://openalex.org/A5074858962)|Muharrem Bıtıren (https://openalex.org/A5005713901) | 2,004 | To quantify the human prevalence, elucidate possible risk factors and present other epidemiological parameters of alveolar echinococcosis in south-eastern region Turkey.A retrospective study.South-eastern (Anatolia) Turkey by two medical centres: Dicle University Medical Faculty Diyarbakir Harran Urfa.Forty seven cases were presented between period 1980 2000.For majority our patients, personal anamnestic, clinical data addresses available from their files, we visited villages to investigate for echinococcosis. Epidemiological evaluated.The 47 consisted 18 (38.3%) males 29 (61.7%) females. The average age was 34.6 years. In all cases, lesions occurred liver. No village or district had more than one case. patients (73.8%) farmers 33 a history dog ownership.This has higher incidence as whole, domestic dogs free-ranging seem be main source infection. | article | en | Echinococcosis|Medicine|Epidemiology|Alveolar echinococcosis|Echinococcus multilocularis|Incidence (geometry)|Veterinary medicine|Demography|Environmental health|Surgery|Pathology|Physics|Sociology|Optics | https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v80i8.8728 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2080479818', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v80i8.8728', 'mag': '2080479818', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14601778'} | Turkey | C107130276|C144024400 | Epidemiology|Sociology | East African Medical Journal|PubMed |
<i>Elijah in Upper Egypt: The Apocalypse of Elijah and Early Egyptian Christianity</i> (review) | John O. Gooch (https://openalex.org/A5035625567) | 1,995 | Reviewed by: Elijah in Upper Egypt: The Apocalypse of and Early Egyptian Christianity John O. Gooch David Frankfurter . Studies Antiquity Christianity. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993. Pp. xviii + 380. $42.00. began by looking at the gap between religious cultures Alexandria those monasticism, saw nothing about rural Egyptians Greco-Egyptians. It was that Christianity, he said, would form links "Alexandria monastery, apocalyptic Judaism epichoric folk religion fanatical martyrs, scribal traditions native priesthood Coptic literature, Alexandrian ecumenism nationalism monastic culture" (p. 1). He argues Elijah, written latter half third century, is unique evidence this phase represents an eschatological faith outside world Alexandria. used a combination social history, literary criticism, history religions to examine trying show how book as literature functioned within particular historical situation. Part 1 his focuses on apocalypse literature. Here outlines critical questions, research previously done, sets context both Bible pseudepigraphy Egypt. Then examines questions: genre, audience, major themes traditions, relationship question martyrdom. Out analysis, suggests following conclusions: 1. primarily oral performance-oriented, which its audience was, best, semi-literate. 2. interests indicate itself "pre-millennial." 3. people from backgrounds. 4. themselves "wise men," is, who know signs, signs deceit practiced "lawless one." 5. author likely have been first "performer" text before audience. 6. may had some connections with priesthood. 7. rigorism seems reflect roots Melitian schism. 8. references martyrdom correlate time Decius Valerian, even though there are no specific references. 2 ("Envisioning Collapse Things: Convergence Christian Worldviews Elijah") draws old tradition Chaosbeschreibung, or times distress This comes describe accession decline kings, showing their glory chaos resulted interregnum. Always background idea demonic opposition kingship attempt threaten order. Chaos periphery. foreign invader, threat posed desert encroaching fertile Nile valley, creatures (from scorpions demons). demons, gods [End Page 237] periphery, argues, key part Elijah. traces through Hellenistic period into Roman, shows helped shape popular cultural ideas one more Egypt reveals Christ real "king sun" restores order harmony cosmos. fairly lengthy section criticism contributions book, broad millennialist authors, inside 3 ("A Silhouette Millennium: Toward A Historical Social Context for deals three levels context: century; Millenialism 260-270; "A Sect Crossfire Asceticism Debates," ca. 260-290. On level, the... | review | en | Christianity|Faith|Monasticism|Context (archaeology)|Early Christianity|History|Nothing|Art|Religious studies|Literature|Philosophy|Classics|Theology|Ancient history|Archaeology|Epistemology | https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0066 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1976903528', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0066', 'mag': '1976903528'} | Egypt | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
<i>Empire of Landscape: Space and Ideology in French Colonial Algeria</i> (review) | Kurt Rahmlow (https://openalex.org/A5063540796) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Empire of Landscape: Space and Ideology in French Colonial Algeria Kurt Rahmlow Zarobell, John . Algeria. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Press, 2010. Pp. xv + 196. ISBN: 978-0-271-03443-0 Historians nineteenth-century art have been slow to embrace post-colonial critiques Western culture. Although Linda Nochlin took up Edward Said's project 1983, it is only since the mid-to-late 1990s that theory has had a notable impact on scholarship. Beginning with work by MacKenzie Todd Porterfield, gathering some momentum early years new millennium studies Darcy Grigsby Ronald Benjamin, historians gradually, but increasingly, developed an interest links between imperialism. At same time, authors tended restrict their inquiries cultures elite. These two features discourse—the reluctance undertake critique emphasis high art—structure Zarobell's intervention Zarobell addresses these concerns employing concept orientalism examine works traditionally neglected within discipline. In process, he offers sustained analysis genre received surprisingly little attention criticism. Instead persons, peoples, or identities, author considers representations land itself—a subject that, at risk stating obvious, prominently rhetorics processes argues "since colonialism about control space—literally seizing territory—its complement imposition colonizer's understanding space onto colonized" (5). His goal, then, demonstrate how popular otherwise nontraditional landscape reflects propagates official colonial policy pertaining develops his inquiry over course six chapters brief epilogue, organizing volume as series case (several which appeared print before). The opens discussion lost work, Jean-Charles Langlois' Panorama Algiers (1833). He then treats large-scale watercolor Portes de Fer executed for Museum History Versailles 1840-41 highly regarded well-traveled illustrator Adrien Dauzats. Next, illustrated Journal l'expédition des (1844), privately commissioned, limited run, celebration Prince Ferdinand Philippe's journey through Chapter 5, surveys photographic landscapes, discussing variety works, returning regularly Félix-Jacques-Antoine Moulin's ambitious [End Page 153] multivolume album, L'Algérie photographiée (1856-57), another failed achieve wide circulation indeed, may never completed. Along way, discussions oil paintings Horace Vernet, Eugène Fromentin, Gustave Guillaumet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir Henri Matisse. concentrating exclusively culture, unlike predecessors, attempts sample "amazing forms" imagery assumed (1). book does few problems. More demanding readers will be irked occasional passages turgid prose (in contrast what generally readable study). And there are moments arguments either fall short stated goals simply flat. For instance, despite author's introductory remarks 4 asserts "Fromentin's artistic practices manifested [a] broader historical development" [77]), neither details shift 1850s nor clearly relates Fromentin's period. although late-Second fully effectively 6, fails offer compelling reading Guillaumet's remarkable painting Desert (1867), situates culminating analysis. On structural note, book's single Matisse, undercuts unity a... | review | en | Colonialism|Empire|Ideology|Scholarship|History|Criticism|Sociology|Literature|Ancient history|Law|Art|Political science|Politics|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2011.0052 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1964514049', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2011.0052', 'mag': '1964514049'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Nineteenth-century French Studies |
<i>Empire, Architecture, and the City: French-Ottoman Encounters, 1830-1914</i> (review) | Preeti Chopra (https://openalex.org/A5046063411) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Empire, Architecture, and the City: French-Ottoman Encounters, 1830-1914 Preeti Chopra (bio) Zeynep Çelik Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008. 368 pages. 223 illustrations with 33 in color. ISBN 978-0-295-98779-8, $60.00 HB correctly points out Introduction to this impressive book that comparative studies modern empires have usually focused on Western European empires, most notably French British. She also notes at same time scholars overwhelmingly ignored contemporaneous Ottoman which they considered be less developed. What leaves unsaid is few linguistic ability, training, sheer energy needed undertake daunting task comparing creation public space as she does work. The list archives conducted her research notable. Ambitious scope, marvelously conceived, meticulously researched, generously illustrated, an important contribution architecture, urbanism, imperialism, colonialism, visual culture. One central concepts underpinning project (borrowing phrase coined by historians C. A. Bayly Leila Tarazi Fawaz) historical existence a "connected world empires." In framework, follow learn from concepts, plans, policies, programs, technologies, schemes other empires. Rather than perceived one-way traffic ideas west east (in case Europe modernizing empire), careful point moved both directions, although not rate magnitude, between Empires. Another organizing principle work decision focus peripheries rather capital cities Paris Istanbul. words, are drawn Maghrib (Algeria Tunisia) Arab provinces (Syria, Beirut, Aleppo, Baghdad, Basra, Mosul, Hijaz, Yemen, Tripoli, latter formerly referred Trablusgarb). By investigating peripheries, able show how imperial stamp was shaped reconfigured regional social, spatial, artistic, cultural characteristics. peripheral areas examined had great affinities one another. For example, Arabic dominant language Islam religion vast majority colonies North Africa provinces. addition, sixteenth century until before nineteenth century, entire region been under rule. colonial interventions were thus superimposed landscape previously To reveal complexities these interactions, examines territories 1830 doing so contrasts modernization projects new, energetic, expanding empire those old venerable regime whose domain shrinking. 1830, France occupied Algeria began transforming its landscape, 1839, Sultan Abdülmecid, head issued Tanzimat Edict, ushered series plans empire. closing date 1914 similarly for It marks beginning World War Iand end Empire. (including Morocco) terms design major themes, consists Introduction, five chapters, epilogue. Both discussed each chapters. However, since author drew [End Page 122] very different recording practices, choose distinct strategies presenting materials, sometimes discussing developments together, times treating related category discretely. Although number themes undergird project, underscores two. First, "Ordering, documentation, classification, filing information" became functioning state. argues orientations "made their lasting mark macro-to microscale" (7). Tracing... | review | en | Architecture|Empire|Colonialism|History|Politics|Classics|Urbanism|Sociology|Ancient history|Law|Political science|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/bdl.2012.0006 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2030510274', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/bdl.2012.0006', 'mag': '2030510274'} | Algeria|Morocco|Syria|Tunisia|Yemen | C144024400 | Sociology | Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of The Vernacular Architecture Forum |
<i>Enclosed: Conservation, Cattle, and Commerce Among the Q'eqchi' Maya Lowlanders</i> by Liza Grandia (review) | Molly Doane (https://openalex.org/A5023792945) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Enclosed: Conservation, Cattle, and Commerce Among the Q'eqchi' Maya Lowlanders by Liza Grandia Molly Doane , Lowlanders. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2012. 304 pp. Environmentalism is great moral crusade our age, one that has defined shaped a new generation scholars in anthropology. two decades experience working her Guatemalan fieldsites, which she first encountered as an employee environmental NGO attempting to promote conservation projects. Like Grandia, most us anthropology have gravitated toward themes out passion for causes desire make them more effective. As scholars, we see how emerged significant form development, land use, tool governance, making it part agrarian problem traditionally studied anthropologists. Grandia's seamlessly merges close analysis processes lead deforestation northern Guatemala's forests with its preceding history. The resulting narrative shows successive waves enclosure or privatization indigenous common lands established pattern dispossession from agricultural lowlands migration into forested hinterlands. Colonial liberal-era enclosures—established aid rural oligarchy dependent on cash crops like coffee ideologically invested cattle ranching— steadily encroached communally-managed lands, threatened their livelihoods subsistence farmers. In turn, centuries families been accustomed move south neighboring Belize further north Petén region when pushed, sometimes encouragement government programs, [End Page 645] establish communities there, vast unpopulated forest sure refuge well source guaranteed subsistence. Beginning late 1990s, these forms enclosure—for market conservation—collided create serious conflict between community formation conservation. Between 1998 2008, World Bank sponsored project regularize holdings private titles inhabitants untitled lands. However, did not advertised effect solving through market. Instead, allowed nearby farmers ranchers access capital develop speculative real estate markets. Perennially indebted were easy prey offers parcels; assumed they could resettle empty hinterlands be convinced sell at very low prices, buyers subsequently those parcels intensive enterprises hugely inflated prices. But another now awaited them. One-third protected under Biosphere Reserve. Now transformed reserves, migrants are caught types enclosure—one encloses property nature. this context, seeking reconstitute frontier recast invading devastating "ants." Nowhere I such cogent illuminating illustration "invasion" national parks preserves Latin America. high cost enclosures presented light avalanche recent scholarship (e.g., Chapin 2004; Dowie 2009; West, Igoe, Brockington 2006) documenting displacing effects conservation, enveloped 12 percent Earth's land, 80 home peoples, tens thousands whom displaced enclosures. argument developed over course introduction conclusion plus six chapters. Chapter 1, "Liberal Plunder," argues need social economic elites control labor underlies development Guatemala colonial times modern era. She describes history Guatemala, establishment during liberal era economy, people's... | review | en | Maya|Indigenous|Subsistence agriculture|Agrarian society|Sociology|Ethnology|Political science|History|Archaeology|Ecology|Agriculture|Biology | https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2013.0028 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2045906096', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2013.0028', 'mag': '2045906096'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Anthropological Quarterly |
<i>Engineering Nature: Water, Development, and the Global Spread of American Environmental Expertise</i> (review) | Paul S. Sutter (https://openalex.org/A5019951905) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Engineering Nature: Water, Development, and the Global Spread of American Environmental Expertise Paul S. Sutter (bio) Expertise. By Jessica B. Teisch. Chapel Hill: University North Carolina Press, 2011. Pp. x+260. $27.50. Teisch’s is not quite as expansive its title might indicate. It is, rather, a narrower history roles that handful California water engineers played in developing only state’s early irrigation infrastructure, but also similar projects far-flung parts world late nineteenth twentieth centuries—a period Frederick Newell, first head Bureau Reclamation, called “Age Engineer” (p. 8). Nature has several virtues to commend it. First most important, it insists environmental expertise developed transnational context. Anyone who traced careers nation’s Progressive-era experts managers cannot help [End Page 221] notice how much traveling comparative work they did, scholars have begun develop this story, part because historiography conservation been so relentlessly national focus. study an important corrective. A second virtue quality case studies, all which are interesting well told, reveal difficulties taking forged one political culture trying make another. The book whole does cohere might, however, largely overarching argument, key concepts inform it, remain underdeveloped. Teisch begins by revisiting development law infrastructure. tale other told great detail, though show example British India mattered engineers, even if nascent would countenance statist aspects colonial India. then turns her attention series profiles specific mining engineers—cousins William Hammond Hall John Hays Hammond, brothers Ben George Chaffey, Elwood Mead prominent among them—and their efforts spread ideas frontier societies Australia, South Africa, Hawaii, Palestine. In each these cases, consulting attempted transfer wide variety technologies new soil, with decidedly mixed results. Throughout analysis, shows growth global economy during allowed travel avatars enlightened progress, works often served further uneven development. As attends travels, provides enlightening group portrait. But ultimately suffers from lack precision terms concepts, historians technology may find frustrating read result. To give example, refers main characters “California engineers,” she little define either two terms. Was there something particular made prone work? What qualified be “California” engineer, did differ found states? Why, words, focus on California? point out around water, environments worked had some similarities California’s, significance California’s discrete community clearly articulated. Other scholars, such Michael Smith Ian Tyrrell, more successfully argued was unique connections. 222] Similarly, engineering central concept. We get very about training received, and... | review | en | Context (archaeology)|Expansive|Chapel|Historiography|Notice|Environmental movement|Environmental ethics|Political science|Engineering|Management|History|Economic history|Sociology|Law|Politics|Archaeology|Economics|Art history|Philosophy|Materials science|Compressive strength|Composite material | https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0038 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2023770183', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0038', 'mag': '2023770183'} | Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Technology and Culture |
<i>Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948</i> (review) | Donna Robinson Divine (https://openalex.org/A5017439536) | 1,994 | 144 SHOFAR Fall 1994 Vol. 13, No. 1 BOOK REVIEWS Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948, by Nur Masalha. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestinian Studies, 1992. 235 pp. $24.95 (c); $11.95 (p). Palestinians contains an .argument that is both familiar and novel. Masalha contends movement systematically intentionally deprived Arabs their homes lands. masses refugees were necessary consequence Zionism's successes. If this theme seems well-trodden, it dges presentation break new ground. reasons there are several separate considerations which support view "organized removal indigenous population Palestine to neighboring countries ... occupied a central position strategic thinking leadership movements ..." (p. 1). At heart Masalha's book argument he adduces about policy-making. idea transfer, exchange through voluntary incentives or forced expulsion, may have been deeply submerged private correspondence informal discussions but was, according reading history, lurking as time bomb beneath facade benign, liberal, humanitarian Zionism pronouncements . Citing letters, memoirs, papers, claims wide spectrum political figures espoused Arab from Palestine. posits separation Jewish economies was also premised on transfer work force. Ultimately, his view, exile 1948 eighty percent Palestine's actualized dream held check previously only force circumstances. There troubling aspects analysis, rather than simply discussing them, I wish engage them serious way. First, issue context. Transfer gained ascendancy initially middle 1930s during height Revolt, three-year violent crusade unleashed against Yishuv mandatory government. Royal Commission investigating upheaval recommended be partitioned into national territories, thus raising possibility populations means accommodating irreconcilable differences. Book Reviews 145 Second, problem with methodology. not joins together public declarations, equate them. underlying assumption, speculations all without regard official positions had palpable influence establishing policy, problematic at best. full correspondence-including responses musings well reference terms discourse counterpart community-is addressed. Without attending larger cultural landscape, meaning cannot properly conveyed. Nor policy-making process within institutions examined. Finally perhaps most important, these individuals operated sovereign power. It clear embraced Zionists or, if seized upon vision, what practical moral conclusions necessarily follow. Even expulsion villages war fails vindicate thesis. Although conquered many cases exiled aftermath battles, still impossible demonstrate such tactics constituted part Israeli battle plan, let alone blueprint. To see clash between Jews stark good evil contradicts we know fury chaos warfare. Scholarship historians has made plain military strategy excluded expelling areas incorporated state. But adopted long after hostilities erupted significant portion already left home, city, village. How apportion historical responSibility no simple straightforward task. project so flawed, why, then, take seriously? investigations... | review | en | Zionism|Politics|Population|Argument (complex analysis)|Judaism|Democracy|Political science|Law|Memoir|Sociology|Political economy|Theology|Philosophy|Demography|Biochemistry|Chemistry | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1994.0090 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2012678397', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1994.0090', 'mag': '2012678397'} | Israel|Palestine|State of Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Faces, Bodies, Personas: Tracing Cuban Stories</i> (review) | Scott Larson (https://openalex.org/A5011291208) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Faces, Bodies, Personas: Tracing Cuban Stories Scott Larson Stories. Babak Salari, Plovdiv: Janet-45 Print and Publishing, 2008. 120 pp., photos, biographic notes. US$25.00 paper (ISBN 9-5449-1412-9). Living any form of alternative lifestyle in contemporary Cuba is a complicated proposition. Even to be isolated – not only from the political economic rhythms rest world, but social psychological currents as well. So gay on enigmatic island enter into realm outsider's outsider, netherworld sexual identity politics where merely waking up can become an existential journey. For sure, days when homosexuality was considered crime by eager engineers revolution are long gone. In 2010 Fidel Castro even went so far interview with Mexican newspaper La Jornada express his regret over "moments great injustice" Cuba's community. But still today certain aspects homosexual behavior holding hands public, for instance, other outward shows affection bring official sanction arrest, steep fines or loss job, long-standing powerful cultural tradition machismo contributes forces marginalization. Cuba, live openly queer, lesbian, transvestite man invites considerable risk. [End Page 215] Stories, Canadian-Iranian photographer Salari focuses camera life at this margin society. The resulting collection black white images first exhibited Provincial Centre Fine Arts Design Havana 2006 offers penetrating glimpse what, companion essay, poet, playwright journalist Norge Espinosa Mendoza calls "the secret gays" (p. 18). Studying more than two years after they were shown, writes: "When I see portraits now understand looks eyes which fragile time wall makes eternal map what those lives were, desires that serve hidden guide" 7). hardly visual artist explore evocative universe homosexuality. Indeed, recent representations have come occupy special niche imagination wider number works engaging theme gained critical popular acclaim. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea's hugely successful 1993 film Fresa y chocolate just one example. Yet Espinosa's intimation secrets mystery suggests, many these mainstream projects fail plumb beyond stereotyped spaces erotic tension intrigue drag queens stage beauty pageants fabulous underground fiestas. To Espinosa, who owns singular perspective both commentator subject Salari's lens, result all too often mere artistic voyeurism, cynical, unwelcome gaze provides little deeper insight majority gays 22). work rejects ideal exotic otherness focus instead mundane, day-to-day impoverished, improvised space-time 21st-century Cuba. As exhibition, Faces divided thematic sets. largest two, entitled comes end comprised artists, writers, poets, musicians, academics filmmakers, whom otherwise "fill some vacuums discourses silenced" 114). These if celebrity figures been simultaneously embraced demonized, revered ostracized judiciously navigate landscape rotted through "discrimination contempt" 20). "A Map Desires," writes fellow "creators"– name, their appear alongside short biographical sketches, descriptions testimonials status hard-won legitimacy. Few household names, inside... | review | en | Queer|Lesbian|Politics|Persona|Affection|Gender studies|Sociology|Realm|History|Art|Humanities|Political science|Law|Psychology|Social psychology | https://doi.org/10.1353/lag.2011.0018 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2087280503', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/lag.2011.0018', 'mag': '2087280503'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Latin American Geography |
<i>Families in Ancient Israel</i> (review) | Jonathan M. Watt (https://openalex.org/A5008671068) | 1,999 | Hebrew Studies 40 (1999) 279 Reviews in and by itself.-, it is commended for the presentation of a broad spectrum issues, which should be found productive uninitiated reader modem poetry as well adult who seeks to acquainted with culture via its collective poetic expression. Zvia Ginor Jewish Theological Seminary New York, NY 10027 zvginor@jtsa.edu FAMILIES IN ANCIENT ISRAEL. By Leo G. Perdue, Joseph Blenkinsopp, John J. Collins, Carol Meyers. The Family, Religion, Culture. Pp. xiii + 285. Louisville, KY: Westminster Knox, 1997. Paper, $20.00. good news that studies sociology family systems are finally informing even archaeology Bible; unfortunately, this volume remains one few comprehensive treatments written from nexus. reason delay perhaps because biblical most often reflect, rather than set, scholarly trends. On other hand, task admittedly bold: attempting write living ethnography connection lifeless material artifacts (which rarely, if ever. self-interpreting) or highly-specific religious tradition. What holds true linguist attempts draw line between languages ancient dead, namely. necessary (but always unverifiable) assumption Uniformity Principle, likewise must hold socio-archaeologists. One water shallow cisterns. This eight available date Culture series edited Don S. Browning Ian Evison, aims analyze American families light cultures. not on per se, but invariably brings current research those closely related fields bear upon . Happily us, leads contributors discuss their fmdings conclusions highly readable fashion avoids arcane technical details. five essays book aligned according major historical eras: early Israel, monarchy, second temple period. In common themes family/household relationships daily lifestyles Palestinian community. 280 Though advertises itself only "comprehensive review English language concerning Israel," understood relating diachronic sweep, treatment such Shaye D. Cohen's (ed.) Family Antiquity (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993), centers Greco-Roman era, would certainly match depth analysis. first essay, Meyers, enjoyable read yet thoroughly referenced. Her sources hew wide trail ranging staples Mendenhall, Gottwald, Stager gender Western anthropologies. thesis, pertaining Iron Age "the suprahousehold social unit was mishpachah, descriptive rendering 'protective association families' appropriate" (p. 37) reas9ns heritage, kinship, shared subsistence. Meyers describes rural Israelites period "smallholders" 3), is, stable cultivators occupying small fanned properties. Taking an functionalist approach extended Israelite household (i.e., claiming perfonn functions aimed at reaching goals), she addresses behind-the-scenes topics population density, infant mortality rates, sensibilities kinship societies, pillared four-room) house, superimposing them variety explicitly beth ab, inheritance laws, vows. strength her work lies fresh clear style prompt movement topics, undergirded promising nature (in writer's opinion) sociological interpretation. weakness haunts all Bible: shaky drawn empirical cultures assumed connect, somehow, situation. To degree essential facets human constant universal, relatively safe, whereas unforeseen factors frequently invite appending things being equal proviso onto one's conclusions. second... | review | en | Hebrew|Poetry|Judaism|Ethnography|Classics|Sociology|History|Literature|Art|Philosophy|Theology|Anthropology | https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1999.0002 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2065432214', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1999.0002', 'mag': '2065432214'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Hebrew studies |
<i>Farmcarts to Fords: A History of the Military Ambulance, 1790-1925</i> (review) | Ralph C. Gordon (https://openalex.org/A5001675373) | 1,993 | 348CIVIL WAR HISTORY The general reader will welcome the editor's long introduction to text and shorter ones for each of seven debates. questions raised conclusions offered will, at same time, give scholars much ponder. In some ways Douglas "won" debates: he was better than Lincoln impromptu address, crowd-pleasing bombast, natural fluency with language; and, course, did gain reelection Senate. advantage lay in other regards. His wit humor, logical reasoning, powers moral suasion came through well Other Republicans running time somewhat counties that hosted And precisely because less effective extemporaneous speaking, stood benefit more from polished version. It surely had considerable impact on his quest presidency i860 ultimate goal shaping public sentiment aright slavery issue. retrospect it is remarkable no one thought an unexpurgated debates before. Harold Hölzer publisher are be commended effort. can now begin their assessment its value. Major L. Wilson Memphis State University Farmcarts Fords: A History Military Ambulance, 1700-1915. By John S. Haller, Jr. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 1992. Pp. 285. $32.50.) title this book obscures real a very detailed study management military wounded World War One. first chapter deals early history beginnings Egyptian Roman care, continues Crusades, includes American Civil War. Particularly quite interesting discussion French system important contributions Larrey medicine. second ambulance technology reviews such diverse topics as camel litters used by British India, hospital ships, railway trains last seems little disjointed. My understanding regular use cars designed Elisha Harris occurred Kentucky. This just after battle Perryville October 1862 when Sanitary Commission agent established L & N train between Lebanon Louisville. author states these were Marietta, Georgia (then Confederate territory), Louisville, which unlikely. reference support has 1 86 publication date. U.S. Christian Commission, according manner most historians, given brief mention importance care referred new not usual or official name. BOOK REVIEWS349 Additional chapters outline medical aspects Crimean war, medicine, FrancoPrussian war. roles Florence Nightingale Jean-Henri Dumont Red Cross organization also reviewed. Hard-to-find material Americans involved Phillipine Insurrection, Spanish-American War, border conflicts Mexico 191 provide insight into our involvement there do service reader. I think valuable Fords excellent collection illustrations photographs. many graphic pictures related transportation One bring home stark reality problems encountered transition horse-drawn vehicles modern times. found section written fascinating part book. would recommend readers interested development triage systems wounded. certainly serve good textbook course Ralph C. Gordon Michigan Kalamazoo Center Medical Studies Return Bull Run: Campaign Battle Second... | review | en | Presidency|Value (mathematics)|Memphis|Impromptu|History|State (computer science)|Law|Political science|Classics|Media studies|Sociology|Computer science|Politics|Botany|Algorithm|Machine learning|Biology|Programming language | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1993.0034 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2025809574', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1993.0034', 'mag': '2025809574'} | Egypt|Lebanon | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection in water buffalo <i>Bubalus bubalis</i> in three provinces of the Nile Delta, Egypt: a cross-sectional study | Abdelgawad Salah El-Tahawy (https://openalex.org/A5056329385)|Nigel C. L. Kwan (https://openalex.org/A5003727551)|Katsuaki Sugiura (https://openalex.org/A5058650004) | 2,018 | A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Alexandria, Beheira, and Kafr el-Sheikh governorates (provinces) Nile Delta Egypt identify underlying risk factors associated with infection. total 29 farms (10 10 9 el-Sheikh) were randomly selected all buffaloes that resided on these from 21 February 2015 20 2016 included study. The sampling approach target-based where examined screened for clinical signs All suspected then subjected fecal examination, those positive eggs underwent antibody testing using indirect hemagglutination test. Consequently, data 3,356 analyzed a multiple logistic regression model. final model showed age body condition score buffalo, location type farm, application prophylactic treatment, temperature relative humidity farm's significantly affected rate highest observed Alexandria governorate (19.6%), followed by Beheira (15.5 9.1%, respectively). | article | en | Bubalus|Veterinary medicine|Fasciola hepatica|Fasciola|Nile delta|Water buffalo|Feces|Prevalence|Animal science|Biology|Medicine|Helminths|Epidemiology|Immunology|Internal medicine|History|Ecology|Ancient history|Paleontology | https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0282 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2750466090', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0282', 'mag': '2750466090', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29151443', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5797855'} | Egypt | C107130276 | Epidemiology | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science|Europe PMC (PubMed Central)|PubMed Central|PubMed |
<i>Five Models of Spiritual Direction in the Early Church</i> (review) | John Chryssavgis (https://openalex.org/A5091199311) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Five Models of Spiritual Direction in the Early Church John Chryssavgis George Demacopolous. Church. Notre Dame, IN: University Dame Press, 2007. Pp. 274. $30.00. Originally a doctoral dissertation at North Carolina on pastoral strategies Pope Gregory I, this book explores struggles five patristic authorities (Athanasius Alexandria, Theologian, Augustine Hippo, Cassian, and I Rome) to reconcile their ascetic principles with responsibilities. With exception authors were bishops important medieval churches. All them, however, sought balance tension between spiritual idealism secular realism diverse geographical cultural contexts throughout early Christendom. The subtle varieties among models direction demonstrate both complexity issue as well variable nature Christianity during foundational formative decades monasticism. In late antiquity, rising number Christians entering priesthood faced profoundly dilemma: whether adhere more traditional approach church life, or advocate monastic model direction. dilemma was institutional administrative inspirational charismatic approach. truth is that never fully reconciled these two ways, even if, hands individual leaders, it tended toward one another From age Constantine until formal (or "hierarchical") ecclesiastical institution "lay") tradition continued be regarded complementary essential [End Page 611] integrity gospel church. Neither world nor flight desert without its respective weaknesses: monastics reminded unadmitted temptation complacency, while unrelenting tendency isolation (169). Over time, gradual shift priority regarding direction—" from Athanasius' ambivalence Gregory's systematic integration clerical traditions" (166)—would harden into difference practice regard leadership. Demacopoulos social political dimensions. Yet, out leaders examined book, Athanasius alone are said have "offered little (if any) endorsement father/spiritual disciple supervision. described Antony father, but he developed for himself; seems ignored altogether. Perhaps because spent much episcopacy throes theological conflict" (167). While certainly display similarities terms doctrinal pressures shaped ministries, although clearly himself indirectly influenced by Athanasius, nevertheless there surely something about way revered "father monasticism." For, if does not explicitly articulate theology asceticism his works, which primarily controversy conflict addressed refuted, yet incarnated Even pattern formation "not developed" (81), great Alexandrian visionary able within himself. Were activity certain exceptional such Basil, monasticism might devolved para-ecclesiastical movement, frequently threatened do. Although recognizes "some readers will question [his] selection authors" (20), study would benefited comparison unique proposed renowned elders Gaza, Barsanuphius Great Prophet. These struggled achieve promote an extraordinary reconciliation establishment hierarchy (there letters bishops), experience world, laity (numerous directed lay Christians). This appeal... | review | en | Monasticism|Bishops|Asceticism|Charisma|Early Christianity|Dilemma|Renunciation|Philosophy|Theology|Classics|History|Religious studies|Law|Political science|Epistemology | https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0224 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2080512419', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0224', 'mag': '2080512419'} | Gaza | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
<i>For Our Soul: Ethiopian Jews in Israel</i> (review) | James Quirin (https://openalex.org/A5036230280) | 1,997 | 118 SHOFAR Fall 1997 Vol. 16, No. I For Our Soul: Ethiopian Jews in Israel, by Teshome G. Wagaw. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993. 293 pp. $44.95. One of the most dramatic stories migration during last decade has been movement an entire people-the Beta IsraellFalasha/Ethiopian Jews-from their homeland Ethiopia to reputed ultimate Israel. This book provides a useful survey ofthese events, including preliminary analysis absorption into Though is packed with much information, particularly related educational experience it unduly marred sloppy scholarship. Chapter 1 overview ofthe Israel's historical and cultural background Ethiopia. The part this chapter author's account his personal experiences encounters Israel Gondar region. accepts uncritically partial view origins history not based on research many primary sources or even thorough secondary sources. Throughout book, author assumes that religion was unbroken tradition dating back 2500 years (pp. 4,54,56) 2700 109,216), despite overwhelming evidence story more complex than that.! He states term "Ethiopia" as used Old Testament/Torah included area modern country (p. 7), when accepted Greek refer broadly Africa south Egypt, specifically KushlNubia region what today northern Sudan. Errors incomplete interpretations abound 1. "Queen Judith/Gudit" tenth-century Jewish rebel, which indeed one interpretation according 8-10). But two he cites for assertion footnote 15 both argue such connection problematic.2 Other factual errors include: Islamic invasion led Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ("Gragn") did occur reign ofSarsa Dengel (1563-97), but those ofLebna (1508--40) Galawdewos (1540-59); emperors Za Susenyos were merely "suspected" having become Catholics actually so; afford sanctuary some rebels against none ofthem sons; edicts ofsegregation city issued 'Kay Kaufman Shelemay, Music, Ritual, Falasha History (East Lansing, 1986); James Quirin, Evolution Jews: A (Falasha) 1920 (Philadelphia, 1992); Steven Kaplan, (New York, 1992). 2Edward U1lendorfT, Ethiopians, 2nd ed. (London, 1965), 60-61; History, p. 30-31. no pages Ullendorff wrong Shelemay. Book Reviews 119 Yohannes (who reigned from 1667 1682 '~between 1668 1678") should be interpreted providing either "religious freedom" "tolerance" (all 11). With regard problematic accounts Eldad Danite Benjamin ofTudela concerning Ethiopia, "most reports hearsay lacked bases" 14), nevertheless evidently veracity! In general, unclear confusing ofkey aspects culture. On hand, several times they distinct group whose dated (or 2700) years, other hand often indicates similarities Ethiopians simplistically "the are all intents purposes Amhara" 56). These views may fact mirror ambiguities various development, process illuminated bald statements. 2 deals home immigrants. 3 4 focus harrowing secret migration, well as... | review | en | Homeland|Scholarship|Soul|History|Torah|Land of Israel|Judaism|History of Israel|Ancient history|Religious studies|Classics|Theology|Sociology|Law|Political science|Philosophy|Politics|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1997.0076 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2073838388', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1997.0076', 'mag': '2073838388'} | Egypt|Israel|Sudan | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Forgotten Genocides: Oblivion, Denial, and Memory</i> (review) | Benjamin Voth (https://openalex.org/A5059014121) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Forgotten Genocides: Oblivion, Denial, and Memory Ben Voth, Associate Professor, Chair of Communication Studies (bio) (René Lemarchand ed., University Pennsylvania Press 2011), 224 pages, ISBN 978-0-8122-4335-2. Noted Holocaust survivor, author commentator Elie Wiesel famously observed, "What hurts the victim most is not physical cruelty oppressor, but silence bystander." Genocide commentary consistently abides in wisdom this admonition, providing a measure documentation for humanity's serious crimes. René Lemarchand's book interrupts key silences surrounding variety such events human history—dispelling that readily contributes to ongoing practice genocide. The itself notes Hitler's famous rhetorical pretext Holocaust: "Who remembers Armenians?," revoking stubborn premise anchored by "lost" histories. Genocides an excellent contemporary compilation significant authors contributing growing academic consciousness on This achieved focusing their intellectual arts less known acts mass violence. In so doing, raise three central questions: "How do scholars decide what [End Page 310] counts as genocide?"; can prevent social erasure cultural knowledge common diabolical projects?"; assess accuracy competing public memories?" eight chapter work strong researched anecdotes filling out these enduring questions. establishes rather visible dialectic with current government Rwanda examining historical moments preceding following Rwandan genocide 1994. Perhaps provocative effort establish genocidal conduct part aftermath Hutu slaughter Tutsis. murders Eastern Congo 1996 concerns about Kagame larger questions appropriate responses genocide: shall we respond perpetrators?" reconciliation be once achieves closure?" bookends 1994, slaughters Hutus before after event, emphasizes vicious circularity model pained struggle identifying perpetrators versus victims. often begin labeling themselves victims overwhelming Herero account was unusually compelling among those read. Though Schaller stresses too much should made German connections between early twentieth century atrocity Southwest Africa 1940s, it difficult drawn eerie similarities regard ethnic superiority, camps, civil servant logics gone mad. does job connecting details narratives involving national identity expressed leaders Wilhelm II. Breen's essay Aborigines Tasmania connects relatively small death count great sweep global genocides ethical system how injustices proceed. elevates theme throughout inherent challenges validating intent standards commonly necessary Lemkin's original vision term international jurisprudence question. Levenson's Tibet intuitive case study prospers from his detail attention. Taking tough increasingly important Chinese colonialism, Levenson us long yet role family planning limiting exterminating group stark relief particular example. As all essays book, makes categorization instance. Hardi's Anfal Kurds Iraq pleasant surprise. Although might characterized "forgotten," given recent US military action Iraq. inclusion wise due political polarization war tends obscure explicit history weapons destruction used flagrantly manner. Hardi provides narrative mapping crimes motives. scenic players Iran Turkey are missed course... | review | en | Genocide|The Holocaust|Silence|Crimes against humanity|Denial|History|Humanity|Media studies|Criminology|Psychoanalysis|Political science|Sociology|Law|Psychology|War crime|Art|Aesthetics|International law | https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2012.0008 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2087072700', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2012.0008', 'mag': '2087072700'} | Iran|Iraq|Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Human Rights Quarterly |
<i>Forgotten Victims: The Abandonment of Americans in Hitler's Camps</i> (review) | Michael Berenbaum (https://openalex.org/A5032199504) | 1,996 | 148 SHOFAR Winter 1996 Vol. 14, No.2 grew dissatisfied with Wise's diplomacy and Roosevelt's lack of commitment . More than just documenting the evolution American Zionism, Shpiro's book reveals important insights into social history. His work illustrates how Jews helped expand limits acceptable ethnicgroup expression in society. In prewar period, assimilation reigned. Zionism loomed as a threat to Jews' status loyal patriotic Americans. When Hitler emerged common enemy both Americans Jews, though, Zionists enjoyed greater political latitude. They could, Silver demonstrated, employ language advocate creation Jewish state. Shpiro has done masterful job researching this book. Using organizational records, government documents, personal papers, oral histories from United States Israel, paints finely textured portrait brings his readers everyday lives struggles subjects. study, fourth Holocaust series published by Pergamon Press, is an needed contribution Marc Dollinger Department History Bryn Mawr College Forgotten Victims: The Abandonment ofAmericans Hitler's Camps, Mitchell G. Bard. Boulder, co: Westview 1994. 171 pp. $19.95. Victims, Bard's task twofold. first he accomplishes quite well; less successful meeting second goal. Bard recovers experience that been concealed sources, seemingly forgotten all but its victims. fact is, so compellingly demonstrates, Prisoners ofWar were taken Nazi concentration camps. POW's singled out for special treatment subjected npt only discrimination persecution because their religion-regardless prisoners war-and was at best uninterested fate. fact, proves least some GIs victims "Final Solution." Nothing before, during, or after acknowledge these prisoners. How could anything be reader might ask? Book Reviews 149 Dog tags specify religion soldier. military need know soldier clear: dead. must identified, wounded healed. Still, H (for Hebrew) on dog tag lethal European campaign if captured Germans. As shows, soldiers not even informed such religious identification optional. briefed regarding danger. No effort made use cOdes identify religion. C Catholic, P Protestant. Even Germans Hogan's Heroes (the most popular portrayal POWs) figure one out., Through examination original archival material fine testimony, tells story ofwhat happened men, camps incarceration, circumstances imprisonment, condition quarters-one hesitates call them barracks. He uses first-hand narrative give sense anguish difficult choices. Should himself Jew conceal identity lie about origins? treated vivid plight GI, integrity those who chose themselves truthfully thus suffer soldiers. So too, describes struggle lived marranos, fury, self-loathing, lingering scars. This had growing anger abandonment POWs I read portions If u.S. unconcerned during incarceration oblivious circumstances. imprisonment war, then much attention we expect officials foreign nationals suffering throughout continent grandparents Jewish? point well taken. Left unanswered-though unasked-is why. relate details to... | review | en | Zionism|The Holocaust|Politics|Judaism|Diplomacy|Abandonment (legal)|History|Antisemitism|State (computer science)|Government (linguistics)|Law|Sociology|Religious studies|Political science|Linguistics|Philosophy|Archaeology|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1996.0053 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2058756269', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1996.0053', 'mag': '2058756269'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention</i> (review) | Jack Wasserman (https://openalex.org/A5091085279) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention Jack Wasserman Intervention. By Gary J. Bass. New York: Alfred Knopf, 2008. Pp. x + 509. ISBN 978 0 307 26648 4. $35.00 / Can $40.00. For battle once begun,Bequeath'd by bleeding Sire to Son,Though baffled oft is ever won. (The Giaour, 123-25) author this book an Associate Professor Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University his work addresses one aspect the rapidly expanding, cross-disciplinary field often broadly described as 'ethnic conflict'. There are many reasons for ethnic conflict – religious, racial, linguistic, cultural tribal, among others. Since end World War II, academics others have struggled identify initial causes signs incipient conflict, indescribable barbarism savagery that erupts manner which such conflicts may be prevented or, commenced, ended. intervention defined use armed force or more sovereign nations prevent slaughter suffering innocents in another nation. Such method terminating bloodshed it has begun. Bass argues humanitarian its current form developed early nineteenth century, 'the diplomats a century three quarters ago were negotiating same questions Bill Clinton faced Bosnia Rwanda George W. Bush Congo Darfur'. His presents Lord Byron new light. It Bass's position 'Byron did not live long enough fully realize abilities either artist political leader, but he died poetic hero first modern intervention'. dust jacket reproduction famous painting, Reception Missolonghi Theodoros Vryzakis, now National Gallery Athens. title comes from Byron's Giaour lines quoted above stand alone on preliminary page following dedication page. followed inscription: 'Posted Solidarity activist, Lenin Shipyards, Gdansk, Poland, 1980' (Peter Cochran advised me Polish translation posted shipyard was Adam Mickiewicz). efforts behalf Greek patriots seized hold European imagination acts legend flow through book. Towards [End Page 77] Gladstone, great Midlothian Campaign toppled Prime Minister Disraeli, successfully urged 'Bulgarian atrocities'. Gladstone roared 'Lord brought cause dawn emancipation [of East] only enthusiasm poet, reckless daring rover' also 'treated subject with strongest practical good sense, profound insight been shamed results'. hoped deeds words 'may yet supply guiding light some British statesman'. Gladstone's language aimed directly Disraeli who, youth, had idolised Byron. begins 50-page introduction sets out basic themes. First, question: 'why do we let evil happen?' Second, 'freedom home can help promote freedom abroad'. Third, 'there something learned way managed practice To set stage development themes, explores concepts fundamental human rights, imperialism aggression masquerading and, perhaps most interesting, enormous impact free press still instigating intervention. sections provides extensive historical analyses nineteenth-century interventions powers into Ottoman Empire. entitled 'Greeks', 'Syrians' 'Bulgarians'. ends lengthy conclusion (in considers the... | review | en | Battle|Humanitarian intervention|Politics|Law|Barbarism|Intervention (counseling)|Sociology|Political science|History|Ancient history|Psychology|Psychiatry | https://doi.org/10.1353/byr.0.0012 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2050677410', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/byr.0.0012', 'mag': '2050677410'} | Syria | C144024400 | Sociology | The Byron Journal |
<i>From Enemy to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933–1965</i> (review) | Nelson H. Minnich (https://openalex.org/A5046161809)|Eugene J. Fisher (https://openalex.org/A5057740319)|Thomas F. Stransky (https://openalex.org/A5045717501)|Susannah Heschel (https://openalex.org/A5086124245)|Alberto Melloni (https://openalex.org/A5058537137)|John Connelly (https://openalex.org/A5004724427) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: From Enemy to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933–1965 Nelson H. Minnich, Eugene J. Fisher, Thomas Stransky, Susannah Heschel, Alberto Melloni, and John Connelly 1933–1965. By Connelly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2012. Pp. viii, 376. $35.00. ISBN 978-0-674-05782-1. Introduction by Minnich (The of America) This book began as an open-ended study Catholics who opposed racism anti-Semitism interwar years. I wanted find out about those swam against racist currents their time. It turned that virtually all concerned protecting “other” were people Central Europe considered “others.” solidarity these new with other was a sense self-interest: Oesterreicher recalled bitterness some refused take Communion from fingers “Jew” (Connelly, Enemy, p. 290). Connelly’s research archives Munich, Vienna, Seton Hall New Jersey, Washington, DC, well numerous journals books period, have helped him trace origins teachings chapter 4 Declaration Nostra Aetate (1965) Second Vatican Council relations Jews. He has identified process more than two-dozen persons whom he describes “border transgressors” (p. 287) converts Catholicism it come understanding Judaism. summary his will concentrate major figures. In formulating teachings, church leaders guided what previously taught scripture tradition findings science. Testament made many relevant statements: Jesus Nazareth, mother, apostles, early followers Jews (Matt. 1:16, 10:2–4; Luke 1:27, 2:23, 6:13–16; Acts 2:5–42). His mission house Israel 10:6, 15:24). rejected called down blood upon them children 27:25, 3:14–15). established everlasting covenant 26:28; Mark 14:24; 22:20; Heb. 12:24, 13:20), former becoming obsolete (Heb. 8:13). As regards Gospel, are enemies [End Page 751] God (Rom. 11:28). They persecuted sought kill (John 5:16–18). denied killed author life (Acts 3:15). ordered apostles go make disciples nations [πάντα τà ɛ́θνη] 28:19), beginning Jerusalem (Luke 24:47; 1:8; 2:5, 38). Over centuries Christians seen this commission call work for conversion also destruction scattering sufferings punishments having hindered spread Gospel 19:41–44, 21:20–24; Thess. 2:16). fathers fourth century claimed signs they been cursed because deicide. Some Christian writers saw special genetic traits or propensities evil, kind second original inherited sin (Erbsünde) committed rejecting Messiah renders morally deficient (deceitful, subversive, lascivious, so forth). To protect evil influence, expelled segregated. Ethnologists anthropologists nineteenth early-twentieth discussed question race, holding humanity naturally divided into various races national Volkstümer, environment culture shaped Volk civilized superior others. Moral theologians doctrine love whereby one is oneself first then family, friends, colleagues, coreligionists, people, nation. Although Christ should one’s neighbor 19:19, 22:39; Mark... | review | en | Brother|Religious studies|Declaration of independence|Adversary|Theology|Racism|History|Law|Classics|Sociology|Politics|Philosophy|Political science|Statistics|Mathematics | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0288 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2043318063', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0288', 'mag': '2043318063'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>Going Nuclear</i> (review) | Matthew Baum (https://openalex.org/A5068414530) | 1,988 | BOOK REVIEWS 247 it was the Palestine crisis, Porath argues, that "stands as perhaps single most important factor which contributed to growth of pan-Arab ideology, feeling solidarity among Arab peoples and attempt at shaping a unified general position policy." Indeed, Palestinian Arabs actively sought support other Arabs. The British policy toward pan-Arabism in interwar years marked by ambivalence ambiguity. This motivated partly concerns about how unity would affect strategic interests Middle East. Perhaps more important, however, diverse perceptions various government departments dealing with East, infighting them, made policymaking difficult if not impossible. Finally, commitments allies friends— including French, who were resolutely opposed pan-Arabism; Zionists; regimes— any clear-cut decision fraught danger. can thus be characterized delicate balancing act based on procrastination. In reading Search ofArab Unity, is impossible get sense déjà vu, or conclude little has changed. competition regimes world for preeminence narrow self-interest national leaderships remain fundamental characteristics politics, do conflicting even contradictory an outside great power. this strikes one opening pages, describe Iran-Iraq conflict during 1930s Iraq's subsequent "look wider framework might feel secure." (The main difference Iraq looked Syria, while today these two countries are archenemies.) Unity mainly archival material prodigiously footnoted. Notwithstanding occasionally cumbersome writing, like Porath's volumes politics between wars, basic source crucial stage political development Going Nuclear. By Leonard S. Spector. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1987. 370 pp. $9.95/paper. Reviewed Matthew A. Baum, M.A. candidate, SAIS. One critical, though often deemphasized, aspect arms control process multilateral desire minimize (if eliminate) possibility nuclear weapons proliferation beyond five existing recognized powers. concern arises from fear unstable volatile governments possession may abide standard international norms behavior responsibility. Although nonproliferation regime, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), been established institutionalized past twenty years, many nations have subordinated their commitment preventing spread what perceived 248 SAIS REVIEW critical interests. Furthermore, demonstrated interest acquiring refused subject programs IAEA safeguards (for example, regulations inspections required under Non-Proliferation Treaty). Nuclear Spector presents survey, updated through early 1987, current multinational efforts, led IAEA, limit technology materials. identified those considered principle threats regime. These nations, according Spector, Argentina, Brazil, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Pakistan, South Africa. Each mentioned discussed length both nation's history regarding its attempts acquire capabilities recent activities area. Through such historical perspective reader familiarized each motivations desiring weapons. also provides information degree success failure addition, he analyzes likelihood obtaining future. discussions aforementioned nations' thorough easy understand. Spector's analysis insight extremely successful in... | review | en | Politics|Political science|Ambivalence|Foreign policy|Ideology|Political economy|Power (physics)|Government (linguistics)|Solidarity|Middle East|Feeling|Sociology|Law|Social psychology|Psychology|Linguistics|Philosophy|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1988.0016 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2095006295', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1988.0016', 'mag': '2095006295'} | Iran|Iraq|Israel|Libya|Palestine|Syria | C144024400 | Sociology | SAIS review |
<i>Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948–1967</i> by Hillil Cohen (review) | Noah Haiduc-Dale (https://openalex.org/A5082439149) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Arabs, 1948–1967 by Hillil Cohen Noah Haiduc-Dale 1948–1967. By Cohen. Translsted Haim Watzman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. 296 pp. $40.00 (cloth); $18.95 (paper e-book). When Israel declared independence in 1948 new state included 156,000 Arabs who had managed to remain their villages while hundreds thousands Palestinians fled became refugees neighboring countries. leaders viewed within boundaries with suspicion sought control potentially dangerous minority using a wide range methods, including military governance until 1967. One most useful tools at disposal was assistance from themselves. In 1948–1967, Hillel continues where his previous book, Army Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration Zionism, 1917–1948 (2008), left off. gained access recently declassified files Police, intelligence, interrogation, detailing workings Regional Committees on Arab Affairs, which political relationship community engaged many different levels. While documents are clearly an perspective, creates nuanced picture assisted security agencies, offering window into complex politics Israelis’ state. topic is controversial one, careful not [End Page 1021] include names people mentioned sources. risk, it seems, accepting argument made both nationalists personnel, suggests there two types living Israel: those support do not. sides disagree about “good” or “bad,” they each have special category for assist Israel. argues that understanding cooperation much more difficult than either side would admit. organized chapters increasingly theoretical. sets stage chapter 1 describing creation “collaborator class” among through system threats, punishments, rewards, connecting who, variety reasons, were comfortable, sometimes even excited about, supporting He introduces firmly believed Jewish dominance best interest Arabs; he describes others only wanted gun permit, job, reunification dispersed family members. Chapter 2 places these collaborators broader history twenty-year period, focusing conflicts between officially recognized Communist Party mainstream Mapai Labor Party. These lay groundwork important theme runs throughout book: worked authorities did so number all actions need be understood complicated political, social, economic setting early Chapters 3 4 intriguing mix social examine how forces used concrete ways, such as policing against “infiltrators” (Palestinian often benign entry back Israel) assisting efforts purchase land. Both heart Zionist project establishing country ownership land, few possible. strength lies vast array material collected. Telling story requires examples, provides them clarity amazing detail. recounts story, example, village leader prevents son’s deportation exchange providing information. Another young man collaborates effort gain police protection pregnant girlfriend, well-known thief turns other smugglers order avoid prosecution own crimes. Many provide evidence coercive between... | review | en | Politics|Arab–Israeli conflict|Zionism|Jewish state|Law|State (computer science)|Political science|Independence (probability theory)|Palestinian refugees|National security|Good governance|Refugee|Sociology|Corporate governance|Management|Statistics|Mathematics|Algorithm|Computer science|Economics | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0099 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1992753299', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0099', 'mag': '1992753299'} | Israel | C144024400|C58250639 | Arab–Israeli conflict|Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>Gordon: Victorian Hero</i> (review) | Edward M. Spiers (https://openalex.org/A5034843136) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Gordon: Victorian Hero Edward M. Spiers Hero. By C. Brad Faught. Washington: Potomac Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59797-144-7. Chronology. Notes. Select bibliography. Index. Pp. xiv, 11. $21.95. Potomac's Military Profiles series seeks to provide a 'concise blend of analysis and well-crafted writing', with its books providing 'a starting point for those who wish pursue more advanced study the subject'. In fulfilling these restricted parameters, Faught's biography Major-General Charles "Chinese" Gordon is likely have only limited appeal. It well-written book by Canadian scholar has undertaken archival research in voluminous correspondence held British Library. Having also read principal biographies this hero, he alludes various controversies about both text brief bibliographical essay. He gives short shrift critics Gordon, whether missionaries criticising treatment Taiping prisoners after victory at Taitsan or uncorroborated smears Chaille-Long during Equatorial campaign biographers alleging 'subconscious' homosexuality Gordon's support boys' schools, robustly dismissed as 'groundless speculation' generation 'introduced loose musings Lytton Strachey' (p. 40). Although accepts claim that had authority his final, fatal 'evacuate Sudan', Faught admits was over sanguine prospects, underestimated religious impulse fervour Mahdist revolt unwise phrasing telegrams from Khartoum. [End Page 660] The provides excellent contextualisation respect historical events which involved: Crimean War honed skills an engineer; imperial China, where commanded Ever Victorious Army; Egypt Sudan, explored upper reaches Nile, broke slave trade southern provinces later conducted ill-fated mission Where less convincing depicting how Victorians idealised hero life death. More could been said, space permitted, mid-century revival concept Christian soldier, coupled it cult chivalry, notions manliness, widely revered virtues patriotism, duty honour, perceived value war ultimate test character. As 'soldier fortune', often depicted serving (and dying) alone, embodied fully than any other general, and, Douglas Johnson argued, many crystallised mythologizing Unfortunately dimension not really addressed concentrates on itself. Nevertheless, demonstrated rare gifts concise perceptive commentary within nicely illustrated work. Unfortunately, maps are sparse indistinct. Given extent diversity military services, provision better would helped reader, particularly following remarkable travels Sudan. University Leeds Leeds, United Kingdom Copyright © 2009 Society History | review | en | HERO|Victory|Biography|History|Classics|Appeal|Law|Literature|Sociology|Art history|Politics|Art|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0234 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2061937883', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0234', 'mag': '2061937883'} | Egypt|Sudan | C144024400 | Sociology | The Journal of Military History |
<i>Governing Gaza: Bureaucracy, Authority, and the Work of Rule, 1917-1967</i> (review) | Avram Bornstein (https://openalex.org/A5059555732) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Governing Gaza: Bureaucracy, Authority, and the Work of Rule, 1917-1967 Avram Bornstein 1917-1967. By Ilana Feldman . Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2008. 344 pp. $84.95 (cloth); $23.95 (paper). Histories Israel-Palestine have been dominated by political biographies diplomatic studies, but a growing number researchers writing social histories that focus on ordinary everyday instead famous infamous. With keen attention to diffuseness power in modern life, Feldman's Gaza explores working lives Gazan bureaucrats employed under British Mandate (1917-1948) Egyptian Administration (1948-1967). is theoretically informed an evidence-rich contribution scholarship colonialism, bureaucracy, Middle East. combed through archives government offices religious records Gaza, Cairo, Jerusalem; interviewed retired employees; observed contemporary offices. She argues despite extremely unstable circumstance two different foreign occupations, "ordinary bureaucratic procedures unremarkable office work" (p. 1) were tremendous significance rule. In this case, "the authority tenacity derived not so much from legitimacy, authenticity, or even 'good policy,' form, shape, habits its daily practice" 13). translates interprets documents they illuminate how minutiae customs "both follow produce governing logic exceeds scope their immediate interests" These behaviors crucial worked as well it works elsewhere maintain The first part book examines production "reiterative" practices filing "repetitive habits" civil servants 15). Managing files, explains, creates kind based reiteration. Reiterative techniques are evident [End Page 645] close regulation document styles rhetoric meeting minutes promotion requests. police which consider no information irrelevant, emerges accumulation. access such including storage, circulation, layout office, seen acts power. Reiteration repetition also service culture, "habits thought," promotes "ideas about good bad (p.66). Reports, evaluations, complaints made expectations would sense nation, family, self; behave with respectability etiquette; professionalism, efficiency, effectiveness; refrain engaging politics. "forms competence" "repertoires authority" 93). examples echo Max Weber's descriptions suggest these shaped rule absence legitimacy. second looks at services both administrations practiced "tactical government—a means shifts response crisis, often without long-term planning, presumes little stability conditions" 3). occupation governments' involvement crisis aftermath war circumstances conflict was motivated human compassion security concerns; reports frequently connected poor living conditions Palestine threats 126). However, provision had implications. describes housing required solving need, while trying avoid larger struggles over who should land what happen long term Palestinian refugees created 1948 war. Similarly, providing water, transportation, communication, (all explored Feldman) needs be addressed making clear commitments national strategies. education tensions tactical policies strongly articulated; for teachers politics curricular depoliticization" constant battle 207). While frustrating many, maintained weakness popular preference temporary, piecemeal, makeshift... | review | en | Bureaucracy|Politics|Legitimacy|Government (linguistics)|Law|Mandate|Mandatory Palestine|Sociology|Power (physics)|Public administration|Political science|History|Palestine|Ancient history|Philosophy|Linguistics|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0072 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2011298556', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0072', 'mag': '2011298556'} | Egypt|Gaza|Israel|Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>Graded Holiness: A Key to the Priestly Conception of the World</i> (review) | David P. Wright (https://openalex.org/A5066145908) | 1,994 | Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 160 Reviews interests of the child, for now girls also study Torah, even in Orthodox world. Thus, if that is a ground (even not sole one) custody decision , it could argue placing children both genders with parent can finance their education! Shifman does dwell on this, whole point his article contemporary Israeli law forbids rabbinic courts to award solely grounds which partner more likely raise child religious way; they must rather be governed by all aspects child's welfare-although, as he points out, practice this only means clever enough couch concerns language about welfare. In what fascinating case interaction legal and moral norms, Elimelech Westreich discusses normative status father's duty maintain children. While most Amoraim saw obligation stemming from an enactment Usha 150 C.E., Babylonians exclusively without express remedies non-compliance, later Jewish authorities thus based itself general obligations charity. Ya'akov Meron compares other family counterparts Moslem law, Antoine Garapon same French providing good comparative lens materials. Part 2 includes wonderfully clear thorough exposition Martin Edelman current freedom American Daniel Sinclair briefly Messianic Jews, Reform marriages, various forms conversion Judaism. Finally, 3 helpful survey recent articles books law. All all, worthwhile book topics critical interest scholars but anyone interested realities. Elliot N. Dorff University ofJudaism Los Angeles. CA 90077 GRADED HOLINESS: A KEY TO THE PRIESTLY CONCEPTION OF WORLD. By Philip Peter Jenson. JSOTSup 106. Pp. 281. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992. Cloth, $60.00. This book, whose goal historical-theological, explores gradations holiness (and cleanness impurity) found dimen- 161 sions priestly cuitic practice. The synchronic "systematic," treating subsumed under rubric (including materials). work inspired studies such Menahem Haran (on material tabernacle) Jacob Milgrom haillill sacrifice ). Jenson brings conclusions these together, reworks them, adds many discoveries own. heart analysis spatial, personal, ritual, temporal dimensions (chaps. 4-7). specifically deals degrees (a) Tabernacle surrounding camp, (b) among groups society (with examines personal impurity), (c) stages purification), (d) festivals holy days. each matters adduces several complementary bodies evidence establish gradations. For example, social looks at hierarchical interrelationships groups; rites de passage setting certain persons apart others; prohibitions, duties, privileges origins; places dwelling wilderness camp; clothing (priestly); cultic access. allows one see close systematic connectedness different dimensions. Gradations dimension viewed reflection intertwined goes far suggest writings manifest system result careful intellectual activity. Indeed, concluding chapter, observes guiding notion or theological principle prescriptions "order"; are intensely concerned classification, structure, grading. key... | review | en | Obligation|Law|Duty|Torah|Judaism|Religious law|Political science|Normative|Verdict|Sociology|Philosophy|Theology|Islam | https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1994.0006 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2064808528', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1994.0006', 'mag': '2064808528'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Hamartia</i>: Foucault and Iran 1978–1979 (2: Scholarship and significance) | Johann Beükes (https://openalex.org/A5038465013) | 2,009 | Against the backdrop of introduction and analysis Foucault’s Iran writings in first two articles, this second article attempts to contribute an understanding involvement revolution (1978–1979) by 1) employing concluding suggestions as premises for 2) three explicit contributions (Janet Afary Kevin Anderson, Ian Almond, Danny Postel) that have been made recently on traditionally neglected issue Foucault scholarship, 3) and, via notion ‘ethics Self-discomfort’, arguing acknowledgement philosophical significance his from period. | article | en | Scholarship|Acknowledgement|Sociology|Period (music)|Epistemology|Social science|Philosophy|Law|Political science|Aesthetics|Computer security|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v65i1.125 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2113410221', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v65i1.125', 'mag': '2113410221'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Theological Studies/Teologiese Studies|DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
<i>Hamartia:</i> Foucault and Iran 1978–1979 (1: Introduction and texts) | Johann Beükes (https://openalex.org/A5038465013) | 2,009 | In 1978 Michel Foucault went to Iran as a distinguished intellectual but novice political journalist, controversially reporting on the unfolding revolution, undeniably compromising and wounding his reputation in European community. Given revolution’s bloody aftermath its violent theocratic development, is Foucault’s Iranian expedition simply be understood hamartia, critical error judgement, with disastrous consequences for legacy? What exactly did hope achieve 1979, explicitly supporting cause of revolting masses effectively isolating himself from community Western liberal tradition? This series two articles attempts shed light these questions by, first article, 1) introducing contextualising philosophical issues 2) discussing relevant texts; then, second 3) elaborating three explicit contributions (Janet Afary Kevin Anderson; Ian Almond; Danny Postel) that recently have been made this neglected issue scholarship 4) eventually indicating possible signifi cance peculiar mixture naïveté perceptivity – indeed hamartia regarding events Iran. Presenting ‘self-conscious Greek Persia’, argument both ‘present-historical’ writings revolution were closely related general theoretical discourses power cynical perspectives inherent risks modernity. journalistic 1979 are therefore appreciated essentially extensive modern-critical oeuvre. power, revolt, Otherness, ‘political spirituality’ ‘ethics Self-discomfort’ may prove significant an understanding our world today author considers them during September April Tehran’s self-esteem still radiating desert skies 30 years later. | article | en | Argument (complex analysis)|Judgement|Modernity|Power (physics)|Politics|Theocracy|Sociology|Philosophy|Scholarship|Epistemology|Literature|Law|Political science|Art|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v65i1.124 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2122120470', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v65i1.124', 'mag': '2122120470'} | Iran|Persia | C144024400 | Sociology | Theological Studies/Teologiese Studies|DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
<i>Harriet Martineau, Victorian Imperialism, and the Civilizing Mission</i> (review) | Joanne Shattock (https://openalex.org/A5090238463) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Harriet Martineau, Victorian Imperialism, and the Civilizing Mission Joanne Shattock (bio) Deborah A. Logan , (Farnham Burlington: Ashgate, 2010), pp. xiv + 280, £60.00 cloth. "After all she is a trump—the only English woman that possesses thoroughly art of writing," Marian Evans, future "George Eliot," commented on Martineau in summer 1852 (George Eliot Letters 2:32). Logan's offers ample evidence support Eliot's judgment. The comment was made light forthcoming article Westminster Review, which Evans then assistant editor. radical quarterly one main outlets for 1850s, to be exchanged 1858 Edinburgh edited by her cousin Henry Reeve. Another outlet Daily News, wrote regular leaders 1850s 1860s. And there were also Monthly Repository, People's Journal, Tait's Magazine, New Household Words, Once Week, Atlantic Monthly, published articles aspects British Empire past present, from America Ireland through India, Far East, Egypt, Africa. For many readers, book will introduce an unknown or little-known author Eastern Life, Present Past (1848), History England During Thirty Years' Peace 1816-46 (1849-50), (1852), Rule India: A Historical Sketch (1857), Suggestions Towards Future Government India (1858), [End Page 243] as well "China Present," "Christian Missions," "The Slave Trade 1858," "Travel Last Half Century." These written, would have it, "informally educated" middle-class who had access, time time, highest circles government policy making. Her interests broad energy seemingly inexhaustible. Some best most engaging writing empire emerged travels: (Society America, Retrospect Western Travel), (Letters Ireland), Palestine (Eastern Past). fame Illustrations Political Economy (1832-34) preceded her, particularly story "Demerera," claimed established credentials anti-slavery campaigner gave entrée into homes American abolitionists, privilege not extended other travellers like Dickens. sheer pluck comes across Past, where waved hand smiled face Bedouin tribesmen brandished spears, remained unphased when spat upon Palestine, insisted walking very edge waterfall order experience sound. She issued practical instructions would-be lady travellers, advising them leave their silks stays maids behind, pack washable garments sturdy boots, learn "do" themselves. discovered benefits smoking chibouque, Turkish pipe, habit continued return England. When illness struck with finality travel became impossible, so imperial affairs study—on aftermath Sepoy Uprising 1857, strategic importance Afghanistan, opening up China Japan, impact Suez Canal, beginning colonisation Several themes ran articles: abhorrence slavery, demonstrated still existence 1850s; view officers missionaries alike more successful if relations cultures based reciprocity mutual regard, rather than assumed superiority; unwavering belief modern science provide solutions social problems. both supportive mission critical it. criticized role but argued against repeal union. supported controversial Rajah Brooke Sarawak, visited Ambleside 1858. praised work... | review | en | George (robot)|Empire|British Empire|History|Sociology|Law|Art history|Classics|Ancient history|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2012.0012 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2094090198', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2012.0012', 'mag': '2094090198'} | Egypt|Palestine|Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Victorian Periodicals Review |
<i>Hebrew Poetry of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance</i> (review) | David Rabeeya (https://openalex.org/A5034482149) | 1,992 | 104 SHOFAR Palestinians may come as a shocking surprise, even for those who keep up with the daily news. In addition to the' strictly political issues, Pogrebin also reflects upon various cultural phenomena which helped form her self-identity, most specifically movies. She correctly identifies prevailing stereotypes and bemoans limited images available identification. But here, elsewhere , personal responses substitute thoroughgoing analysis. Her thumbnail sketch of representation Jewish women presented by Hollywood is selective incomplete. Although Pogrebin's experience in movie theater be familiar many readers, it only one possible response out multitude, certainly self-image we develop happily more complex than what was provided Hollywood. this quibble. ends book reaffirmation difficult often frustrating process dialogue. It not perfect process. book, consciously or unconsciously, an extension methodology thus serves open rather summarize issues. respect provides valuable function at moment history. Patricia Brett Erens Department ofCommunicationArts & Science Rosary College Hebrew Poetry Middle Ages Renaissance, Dan Pagis. Berkeley: University California Press, 1991. 84 pp. $22.50. This publication small but important essays concerning medieval poetry. can instructive well enjoyable both student scholar. Dr. Pagis warns reader dangers inherent making generalizations about poetry Muslim Christian Spain bctwccn twelfth fifteenth centuries. He describes vast variety individual poets living territories, writing styles, performing different settings period. By generalizations, declares, individuality poet universality each poet's message would destroyed. avoids ideological value judgments these frequent literary attributing such attitudes lack knowledge Arabic, Spanish, Italian languages. Many anthologists made their own Vol. 10, No. 4 Summer 1992 105 choices confined themselves genres they were familiar. According Pagis, did pursue inner depth poem its unique development poet. Also, confusion frequently occurred when anthologist mistakenly changed "I" into collective "we," vice versa. contributes all our understanding Spanish-Hebrew stating, "Contrary accepted views, secular required conform fIXed enjoined from transgressing them." repeatedly emphasizes need eliminate terms "classical," "romantic," "mythological" describing truly diverse elements Ages. Though period had ornamental side, should ignore device vehicle genuine self-expression. One striking example concept cited follows: Judah Halevi's Hartirdof Na'arut Alpar l;Iamishim? (Would you youth after age fifty?), stormy sea his 'journey Holy Land. Surprisingly, imagery end turns magnificent paean integration man nature. "Now sky are pure, glittering ornaments night. The color sky-they two seas bound together. And between two" my heart third sea, new waves praise surge on high." sees quote )')alevi's stunning creativity just he find There no question that has discovered genius proven validity cautionary words superficiality generalization. reminds us while Spanish influence extended far beyond borders Turkey, Holland, Italy during awareness the... | review | en | Hollywood|Surprise|Literature|Hebrew|Poetry|Politics|Judaism|History|Sociology|Aesthetics|Art|Art history|Classics|Law|Philosophy|Theology|Political science|Communication | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1992.0105 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1965388542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1992.0105', 'mag': '1965388542'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Helen in Egypt and Other Plays</i> by John Heath-Stubbs (review) | Vedder M. Gilbert (https://openalex.org/A5049390504) | 1,959 | 1959 BOo.K REVIEWS 65 dialect! Even to drama, and perhaps especially we may apply Mallanne's dictum, "A poem is made, not of ideas, but words." Whatever Miss Falk reveal about language or dramatic irony, however, secondary her business-like concern with the action reaction character in play. She an aficionado, nor she "trying like O'Neill." Her search for "order coherence" O'Neill's characters on basis what consciously Jungian unconscious anticipation Homey Fromn. conclusion that vision was a degree affirmative, certainly existential: "The tragic tension between opposite masks does result kind creativity action, be sure, it directed toward objective world which demands such action. It within against self. In this sense really supporting framework, psychological normal order one can move produce. trap where doomed lifelong participation conflict values self-conceptions." If, then, occasionally finds herself limbo aT-personality, only natural, because home these O'Neill people. RICHARD B. VOWLES HELEN IN EGYPT AlvD OTHER PLAYS, by John Heath-Stubbs, London, Oxford Press, 1958, 127 pp. Price $3.00. Heath-Stubbs' most recent contribution type religious verse play made popular Masefield later strengthened T. S. Eliot, Charles Williams, Christopher Fry, Dorothy Sayers. Two three plays his Helen Egypt other Plays are written church audience. Like their medieval counterparts, they make contemporary biblical incidents. The Talking Ass Harrowing Hell, as well Helen, demonstrations belief traditional maintained at price continued change flexibility. Mr. "Preface," makes large claims literary ancestry Ass. From Elizabethans comes underlying symbolic-structure from W. Yeats Berthold Brecht derived non-naturalistic approach. Aristophanes, he absorbs fundamental inspiration creation "a lyrical, canonical, liturgical farce, topical joke pantomime donkey." might recalled craftsman York Chester accomplished same end less self-conscioUS manner. One must forget admonition change. old mysteries us. Our society seeks intelligent, emotional, religion. Twentieth-century Angel Lord's benediction upon spectators no simple "peace you," Learn humbleness charity, And prophesying tongues, Salvation lies, yet formulas Of words, metaphysics, physics; So sweet Spirit prove your true Comforter, To Whom now, Father Son, Be glory everlasting, Amen. Balaam, Prophet, has learned although tangled ambiguous net words plaything powers understand, been allowed brief future King Kings, Redeemer, Saviour. offers riches Balak if curses Israelites appeal 66 MODERN DRAMA May Balaam's wife, casts off power evil Djinn allies Wmself future. forsaken ass comforted: God will despise you; When late time He comes, content share stable-stall ox shall ride you Jerusalem Upon His day palm-boughs hosannas. Hell more rigid, static, rightly so. author's aim give shape playlet properly substitute sermon Easter Even. introduction well... | review | en | Action (physics)|Drama|Order (exchange)|Irony|Anticipation (artificial intelligence)|Unconscious mind|Economic Justice|Psychoanalysis|Sociology|Psychology|Aesthetics|Literature|Philosophy|Law|Art|Political science|Computer science|Physics|Finance|Quantum mechanics|Artificial intelligence|Economics | https://doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1959.0005 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2072300765', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1959.0005', 'mag': '2072300765'} | Egypt | C139621336|C144024400 | Economic Justice|Sociology | Modern Drama |
<i>Hemingway and the Natural World</i> (review) | Larry E. Grimes (https://openalex.org/A5011474868) | 2,000 | - BOOK REVIEWS · Hemingway and the Natural World. EditedbyRobert F. Fleming. Moscow, ID: University ofIdaho Press, 2000. 259 pp + index. Cloth $39.95 From a rich array ofpapers presented at Seventh International Conference, held in Ketchum-SunValley, Idaho 1996, Robert Fleming has edited must-read collection ofessays. In his introduction, Flemingreminds readers that Hemingwayengaged careful physical observation of natural world studied through books. The essays this volume examine double vision, calling our attention to nature place Hemingway's works situating those within larger tradition ofnature writing. Terry Tempest Williams's empathetic keynote essay evokes power for contemporary writers. She writes: "We read. We eat words as sacrament." For her situation is complicated, paradoxical and, above all, erotic. writes, "Ernest Hemingwayreminds me not thatwe are conquerors ofnature, but rather we can be lovers." relation naturalworld TempestWilliams notes several dichotomies: Hunting loving. Physical spiritual. Life death. Controlling masculine wild feminine. dichotomies no surprise. sees inside naturalist's heartthere preoccupation onlywith an erotics ofplace also with Nearlyhalfofthe thisvolume share TempestWilliams's relationship reflects divided heart. This group ofessays forms bookwithin abook . first ofthese by Fredrik Brögger, who offers seminal reading of"Big Two-Hearted River." He challenges traditional readings using Gérard Genette's narrative theory distinguish "narratorial view" landscape from "actorial" one. argues "the two-heartedness river analogous itself, projecting two differing views nature—on one hand Nick's anthropocentric need master environment, on other review, voi. 20, no. i, EALL Copyright © 2000 Ernest Foundation. Published Idaho. 105 narrator's non-anthropocentric openness respect whatever may represent." David Cremean provides second look "Big TwoHearted divide between looks carefully "abomination combination" (bait fishing fly rod) Catholic, incarnational resolution division. Ann Putnam contributes exceptionally fine beautifully written Green Hills ofAfrica. Her focus feminist; close sharp. division pastoral impulse merge a"tragic" center ofHemingway's imagination. As she puts it, Hills"what most loved must finally slain, end silencedbythe tragic destroyit." Lisa Tyler combines mytho-poetic feminist theoryto Whom Bell Tolls. makes strong case Bellas extension ofthe myth ofDemeter Persephone, action allowingmatricentric mythto redeem patricentric novel. Pilar Maria doubles (Pilar Demeter, GrainMother ; daughter, Persephone) initiate Jordan into which parallels, narratologically, sacred redemptive rites Eleusinian Mysteries. Rod Romesburg's Tolls uses ecofeminist explore two-hearted view world. His connection domination ofwomen under system ofpatriarchy."He rejects polarization war machine (GoIz) benevolent Mother Earth (Maria) favor characters model "in between"—^Anselmo Pilar. Romesburg concludes interesting analysis "divide" these words: Anselmo get he having integratedwith acceptingboth chaos order. However,by forcing disconnection main character, Hemingwayseems admit wayto trulyintegrate worlds or getbeyond dualism constructed... | review | en | Surprise|Natural (archaeology)|Literature|Power (physics)|Art history|Reading (process)|Naturalism|Art|History|Relation (database)|Philosophy|Sociology|Epistemology|Archaeology|Linguistics|Physics|Communication|Quantum mechanics|Database|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/hem.2000.0006 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1998507599', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hem.2000.0006', 'mag': '1998507599'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | The Hemingway Review |
<i>Here and Now: History, Nationalism, and Realism in Modern Hebrew Fiction</i> (review) | Esther Fuchs (https://openalex.org/A5020582734) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Here and Now: History, Nationalism, Realism in Modern Hebrew Fiction Michal Raizen-Colman Todd Hasak-Lowy . Fiction. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008. Pp.ix,176. Hardcover/cloth, $22.95. ISBN 978-0-8156-3157-6. In a reaction to Sidra Ezrahi's reading of S.Y. Abramovitz's The Travels Benjamin the Third as lampooning characterization utopian Zionist visions, poses following question: "How can this pre-maskilic Jew be read post-maskilic Zionist?" (28) Hasak-Lowy's binary witticism pre-Jew post-Zionist with Haskalah between captures playful inquisitive manner his methodological critical approach Hasak Lowy bases study on close five texts widely considered foundational context literary canon: Third, Yosef Chaim Brenner's From There, Agnon's Only Yesterday, S.Yizhar's "The Prisoner" "Chirbet Chiz'ah." He interrogates concept Jewish "return history" focal point realist poetics that evolved diachronically rise national consciousness. describes emerged from dialogue cultural political realms nineteenth century European thought, entailed communal act imagining collective. This proved shaping historical narrative functioned both representation event. applies Raymond Williams' theoretical writings novel means intervention broader category fiction. Using methodology, explores how four modern authors "intervened" narrate past forward-looking present stylistic modalities stretched contours first chapter Now focuses its author engaged departed paradigm. According Hasak-Lowy, nusakh—an innovative prose idiom gained Abramovitz reputation having forged linguistic medium ideal for mimetic approach—at times frustrated writing's capacity. But it did so service social criticism. satirical bent—he included genres such mock epic picaresque—allowed him create what characterizes multivalent non-transparent text acquired new layers meaning author's auto-translations Yiddish Hebrew. Casting Jewry late ideologues respective objects gaze, used out trappings society he regarded steeped mystification. doing so, crafted an ongoing work defies categorization purely text. devotes second There so-called "Mimetic Poetics Fragmentation." writing, maintains, embodies tension commitment [End Page 100] represent accurately unstable reality (that Yishuv Palestine) duty, taking prophetic role Watchman figure, critique within. thus exhibits modernist qualities fragmentation multiple subjectivities. trait makes self-consciously oscillates modes. Brenner does not depart impulse. Rather, shifts grounds mimesis order fragmented reality. third deals thematization secularized through controversial Balak plot Yesterday. figure Balak, dog who internalizes ultimately enacts words "mad dog" painted body, only disrupts realism —the also serves... | review | en | Hebrew|Haskalah|Nationalism|Judaism|Realism|Literature|Jewish history|Jewish literature|History of literature|Politics|History|Philosophy|Jewish studies|Art|Theology|Law|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/jji.0.0010 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1981798256', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jji.0.0010', 'mag': '1981798256'} | Palestine | C171533372 | History of literature | Journal of Jewish Identities |
<i>Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation</i> (review) | James Conlon (https://openalex.org/A5009333621) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation James Conlon (bio) Eyal Weizman New York: Verso, 2007 Theory, practice, and space—there is a substantial bibliography writings across the humanities social sciences theorizing complexity through geographic architectural metaphors.1 uses balance three to shape Land, study Israeli architecture after 1967 occupation. But his work goes far beyond this metaphor. immediately opens reader's understanding as not only physical structures that sustain but also "a conceptual way political issues constructed realities" (6). From position, generals settlers may be counted builders, just one would expect planners architects be. Land extension power, classical language politics in seemingly mundane spatial regimes well explicit control Occupied Territories. When discussing archaeology, we often turn ideology nation-state our entry point. This for good reason. Historic monuments find their significance power represent codify narrative past. These ideologies are even more crucial Territories, where archaeology provides materiality Biblical traditions, bolsters claims nationalists over contested land.2 To quote Setany Shami, it academic disciplines "work together define, explain, enhance, anchor notion modernity,"3 make these ideas tangible.4 (Upon visiting Parthenon 1903, Sigmund Freud wrote friend Romain Rolland great excitement "all really does exist, learnt at school.") Whether give an ancient pedigree new settlements or drive aesthetic urban design, use heritage means authenticate legitimize evident various points Land.)5 there particular instrumentality conservation interpretation documents with clarity. For reason alone interest conservators, simply point encyclopedic work. [End Page 72] Like history conflict itself, scale times daunting. As explained audience York's Alwan Center Arts,6 he faced same problems readers, so approached subject architect tackling complex structure: drew section establish clearer view its internal workings multiple dimensions. cut explains double pun book's title: evening, "Hollow Land" refers "Holy three-dimensional "hologram" territories. While never directly holography employs imagery throughout. His introduction likens contemporary airport, multitiered organization arrivals departures, spaces consumption, movements bodies information, security bottlenecks. clever phrase when applied The space dimensions renders historical precedence, legal rulings, recognized borders ineffective face territorial expansion. After all, what mediated border if airspace, points, groundwater on one's side it?7 Holography, then, structuring metaphor design ordering logic Weizman's text. first chapters open deep beneath surface level territories, analyzing contest West Bank's vast aquifers. text then moves up archaeological strata ground examine different appropriations remains Readers travel space, above below among modernist building projects, mountaintop land grabs, the... | review | en | Ideology|Politics|Architecture|Materiality (auditing)|Narrative|Metaphor|Power (physics)|Sociology|History|Aesthetics|Archaeology|Law|Art|Political science|Literature|Philosophy|Theology|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/fta.0.0021 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2052775987', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/fta.0.0021', 'mag': '2052775987'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Future Anterior |
<i>Hollywood Planet: Global Media and the Competitive Advantage of Narrative Transparency</i> (review) | Danielle Vinson (https://openalex.org/A5003950166) | 2,000 | Book Reviews 97 debate over the value of English as a colonial discourse: how was framed, what appeals were made on behalf ideological positions, concessions made, and other questions important to rhetorical criticism. Even so, this oversight does not detract from overall Pennycook's analysis, in fact provides an excellent platform which more rhetorically concerned approach ELT might be launched. Pennycook performs valuable service clearly convincingly articulating reciprocal effects discourse. The recognitions apparent by research is that colonialism do end when governor sails away, nor can we believe colonizers are themselves deeply lastingly affected having such intimate contact with another culture. Colonialism, understood practices English-language teaching, no longer considered "top-down" practice, but rather series competing often conflicting ideas bind nations together long-lasting relationship . This book will resource for those interested post-colonial theories language still rife meanings implications. analysis intelligent means understanding implications it continues assert itself global marketplace communication, broadens our interpretations rhetoric substantive, ingrained discursive material practice. John W Jordan University Georgia Hollywood Planet: Global Media Competitive Advantage Narrative Transparency By Scott Robert Olson. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. 1999; pp. xiv + 215. $45.00 cloth; $24.50 paper. Why American movies television programs have dominated international markets possible consequences hegemony been widely debated academic political circles. Olson fresh look at issue, addressing some inadequacies previous subject calling into question assumed widespread appeal media. Pointing out deficiencies purely or economic explanations dominance programs, posits new theory transparency accounts competitive advantage U.S. According theory, text "allows audiences project indigenous values, beliefs, rites, rituals imported media ... making texts resonate same they if indigenous" (56 ). then argues variety reasons—economic, political, cultural —the adept producing transparent programs. 98 Rhetoric & Public Affairs Furthermore, enhances its potential success through synergy—the coordinated marketing across multitude (18). Thus, Disney's movie Lion King both because included archetypal dramatis personae ellipticallity allowed fill their own narrative detail (138-139) synergy strategy used market soundtrack, books, specials, toys, among things. shows his supported empirical data studies. And he illustrates difference between opaque case studies countries enjoyed varying degrees failure internationally. makes several contributions. Olson's review communications literature pertaining extensive, synthesis ties disparate related economic, explain Through wide-ranging examination existing literature, able reveal weakness media—our lack attention actual texts. Without looking text, cannot why one well Europe while not. To remedy problem, us useful, pluralist theory. Although idea... | review | en | Colonialism|Hollywood|Ideology|Media studies|Rhetoric|Sociology|Rhetorical question|Narrative|Value (mathematics)|Political science|Politics|History|Law|Literature|Linguistics|Art|Art history|Philosophy|Machine learning|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/rap.2010.0104 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2091482297', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/rap.2010.0104', 'mag': '2091482297'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Rhetoric and public affairs |
<i>Holy City on the Nile: Omdurman during the Mahdiyya, 1885–1898</i> (review) | Anders Bjørkelo (https://openalex.org/A5075264817) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Holy City on the Nile: Omdurman during Mahdiyya, 1885–1898 Anders Bjørkelo (bio) 1885–1898, by Robert S. Kramer Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2010; pp. 214. $28.95 paper. was founded in 1884 west bank of White Nile opposite Khartoum. It grew out camp where Mahdist forces organized their siege After fall Khartoum January 1885, it question for leadership to leave buq’a, or place Mahdi, favor “contaminated” Turkish capital, became therefore logical capital. The people were forced move Omdurman, and looted all its valuables. death Mahdi June left Khalifa Abdullahi turn into a proper capital holy city. This book is milestone study Sudanese Mahdiyya. By focusing able describe analyze functions central state institutions relationship between authorities people. He paints vivid pictures imprint Mahdiyya city’s structure population gives us an idea how experienced life under this new regime. We also get understand problems facing efforts impose laws regulations multiethnic population, most whom had perhaps never lived town before. begins with historical overview Muslim towns Sudan, based mainly accounts European travelers, nearly four-page history prior background leads directly Omdurman. Five months after Khartoum, died. khalifa create city disorganized assemblies mud houses straw huts. For long time, looked more like huge village than town. public buildings solid nature, built mudbricks. author outlines location treasury, court, grave tomb parade ground, Kara garrison Jihadiyya, prison, main mosque, market, other institutions. has been estimated as having around 30,000 at time foundation increasing over 200,000 1890s. describing creation city, goes (in chapter [End Page 314] 3) discuss governed. shows that administration modeled military command structure, he quotes informant who notes “urban organization tantamount organization” (58). Administrative/political leaders commanders. First there what calls settlement zones divided ethnically group quarters fariqs. Clans ethnic groups assigned separate ease civil administration. These functions, being led appointed amirs attached flag (military division). Each amir held accountable Ya’qub (the khalifa’s brother) well-being his soldiers. To put differently, “This instances derived from already-existing social hierarchies” (59). concerned significance layout (127) “social climate,” which discusses 5. Chapter 4 deals order, is, define enforce order envisaged Mahdi. foundations laid many proclamations political decisions, but ideals practice. Public behavior strictly regulated: women be veiled avoid mixing men; drinking smoking forbidden. duty police heads keep eye morals apprehend those... | review | en | Capital (architecture)|Capital city|State (computer science)|Population|Turkish|Ancient history|Economic history|Political science|History|Law|Sociology|Geography|Demography|Mathematics|Philosophy|Linguistics|Economic geography|Algorithm | https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.2012.0040 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2008314513', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.2012.0040', 'mag': '2008314513'} | Sudan|Turkey|West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Northeast African Studies |
<i>Hurban: Responses to Catastrophe in Hebrew Literature</i> (review) | Sara R. Horowitz (https://openalex.org/A5060984050) | 1,998 | Hebrew Studies 39 (1998) 267 Reviews pression in their sennons. Some preachers, perhaps a significant number of them, considered the sennon an appropriate vehicle for presenting moral and philosophical ideas. Accordingly, no connection with any particular time or place was necessary such sennons, thus preacher had reason to discuss contemporary events. Other however, felt obligated issues, e.g., when audiences were need solace reassurance, events accordingly discussed Shaul Regev Bar-llan University Ramat-Gan 52900,Israel regevs@mail.biu.ac.iI HURBAN: RESPONSES TO CATASTROPHE IN HEBREW LITERATURE. By Alan Mintz. Pp. xiv + 283. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Press, 1996. Paper, $16.95. The reissue Mintz's superb Hurban: Responses Catastrophe Literature is welcome event literary Holocaust studies. groundbreaking study representation interpretation catastrophe tradition continues illuminate challenge popular scholarly views on literature force rethinking our reading literature. Ambitious both scope depth, Hurban places imaginative responses continuum Jewish tradition, rather than looking at isolation across cultures. This approach enables Mintz develop sense how culture interprets absorbs (or fails absorb) that threaten its collective identity continuity. Like other events, acquires meaning interpretive communities. Central work his concept catastrophe, defined not as measurement pain, suffering, death, but by degree which engenders crisis continuity culture. Thus, does focus level actual posed community'S itself, role history, God covenant-in short, paradigms community understands itself. asserts, "a destruc- 268 tive becomes it convulses vitiates shared assumptions about destiny people world." Rather focusing tragedy expression fascination death Jews Judaism, explores reconstruction society aftermath catastrophes, what terms "creative survival." Under rubric fall only poetry fiction, also prophecy, rabbinic exegesis, liturgy. seeks represent, repair, ways respond catastrophe's "power shatter existing meaning," offering means reshape reinstate paradigm. To understand movement this reconstructive project fully, analyzes pertinent factors strategies. He explores, example, implication writer's relationship event-a time, proximity, personal involvement-as well own act writing. In addition, he examines strategies negotiating meaning, use modes (metaphor, parable, personification, example) image absence) enemy. Beginning close portions Book Lamentations Isaiah, studies rhetoric mourning consolation biblical prophecy. It then midrash against backdrop Jerusalem subsequent exile. Rabbinic looks sacred texts give provide hope . Although, insightfully illustrates, all book consolation, rabbis succeeded way affirm justice covenant. Embedded parables midrashim depicting victimization martyrdom assurance future redemption, linked view... | review | en | The Holocaust|Hebrew|Jewish literature|Interpretation (philosophy)|Isolation (microbiology)|Jewish identity|Judaism|Literature|History|Sociology|Aesthetics|Classics|Philosophy|Art|Jewish studies|Theology|Linguistics|Biology|Microbiology | https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1998.0001 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2073231704', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1998.0001', 'mag': '2073231704'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Iceland Imagined: Nature, Culture, and Storytelling in the North Atlantic</i> (review) | Arne Kaijser (https://openalex.org/A5006628509) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Iceland Imagined: Nature, Culture, and Storytelling in the North Atlantic Arne Kaijser (bio) . By Karen Oslund. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011. Pp. 280. $35. On 25 August 1772 brig Sir Lawrence arrived at Reykjavik after a rough trip from England. The ship was hired by Joseph Banks, who brought with him team for making an exploratory expedition, including botanist Linné disciple Daniel Solander young Swedish student, Uno von Troil, would later become archbishop. Von Troil wrote book about this describing strange landscapes group saw, native population they encountered, hardships met traveling through climbing volcano Hekla. This translated to several languages spurred interest whole region, many other European travelers made similar voyages following two centuries. In Imagined, Oslund examines how some these experienced envisioned Iceland, Greenland, Faroe Islands. particular, she analyzes visitors region its landscape nature, technology material culture, language literary heritage. She also examples travels opposite direction, inhabitants Denmark, England, places. Oslund's approach is inspired Edward Said's classical Orientalism (1978), where he concluded that Western writings Orient depict it as irrational "other," contrasted rational West. served contrast Europe, argues, but somewhat different way. Here categories "self" "other" became less distinct; on periphery largely inhabited people originated Norway rich cultural past "sagas" medieval times. Some emphasized similarities continental while others focused contrasts. One chapter describes Icelandic were described depicted actors over time. While early wild, harsh, almost diabolic character lava volcanoes shaped them, Danish artists late nineteenth century instead serene grass meadows only far distance. These images unthreatening demonstrate integral part kingdom, not so heathlands Jutland. Contemporary painters sought out wild barren landscapes, wanting illustrate sufferings Icelanders under rule. [End Page 702] Imagined easy categorize specific academic field, narrative moves swiftly elegantly unusual grounds. chapters lean toward environmental history. Other discuss multilayered history linguistics Atlantic, administrative spoken officials higher standing, large majority spoke Icelandic, Faroese, or Inuit languages. leans culture. Here, focuses points Europeans had ambivalent relation technologies Inuit. Many observers admired their clothing, kayaks, dogsleds, harpoons, tools, which well adapted harsh conditions skills used tools killing seals, whales, fish, polar bears, animals. fact, presence Greenland depended skills, since export sealskin, whale oil, baleen economic ground. Also, explorers like Fridtjof Nansen Robert Peary adopted techniques such dogsleds harpoons expeditions. But admiration combined condescending view lack improvement development same tools. eighteenth- nineteenth-century Europe cult industrial progress implied seen deficient moral state. final discusses present-day controversies Iceland. concerns biotech firm, deCODE genetics, striving create genetic database of... | review | en | Storytelling|Travel writing|Archbishop|History|Population|Atlantic World|Ethnology|Narrative|Ancient history|Classics|Art|Literature|Sociology|Demography | https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0106 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2091584292', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0106', 'mag': '2091584292'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Technology and Culture |
<i>Identity and Difference. Studies in Hegel’s Logic, Philosophy of Spirit, and Politics</i> (review) | Brady Bowman (https://openalex.org/A5084248905) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Identity and Difference. Studies in Hegel’s Logic, Philosophy of Spirit, Politics Brady Bowman Edited by Philip T. Grier. Albany: State University New York Press, 2007. Pp. vii + 289. $74.10 h.c. 9780791471678. $25.95 pbk. 0791471683. In the introduction to this collection twelve essays originally presented at 2004 meeting Hegel Society America, Grier situates volume context politics identity suggests that one aim book is draw on order clarify “some deep philosophical confusions over very concepts difference . inhibit our ability think through these challenges successfully” (3). To some project might seem ill-conceived light postmodernist portrayals as deeply complicit oppression “otherness” differential identities issue such power struggles. defend against charge therefore instrumental book’s major goals, roughly two-thirds contributions seek vindicate a more nuanced Hegelian notion inclusive plurality difference. Persistently critical voices, however, are also be heard. Four parts make up volume, each devoted different aspect core topic. Part 1 centers The Science Logic. William Maker argues claim have achieved completely self-contained science logic entails [End Page 229] his recognition nonthinkable otherness from which differs its totality. an essay combines methodological reflections with detailed exposition dialectic mutual recognition, Robert Williams focuses “double transition,” i.e., idea not only any given thought determination passes into opposite (e.g., quality quantity) but second, opposed equally transforms itself first. He shows pervasive feature betokens “antireductive, antimonist” (40) stance. Martin De Nys, too, casts analysis defense denies reality interprets conception speculative “Idea” “absolute knowing” so demonstrate self-determination “does require mediated unity being reduced self-mediated ” (96). Christopher Yeomans demonstrates does justice pragmatic, “erotetic” questions answers regarding individuation integrating content concept way purely formal approaches cannot. part 2, philosophy mind, Richard Dien Winfield when it taken epistemologically foundational, paradigm represented Wittgenstein, Sellars, Davidson leads “relativist holism” (104). avoids relieving psychology foundationalist pretensions. said imply consciousness inseparable discursive knowledge, thus rendering acquisition language children mysterious. By developing model mental psyche can had independently intelligence, solves problem, too. “Peoples, Genders, Nations” focus 3. Angelica Nuzzo mobilizes resources Logic argue “dialectically, boundaries do preexisting first institute it” (136). While inherently instable, “concept” offers positive instituted freedom culture differences. Andrew Buchwalter similarly although rejected form global governance, cultural includes “a plural even ‘hybrid’ dimension” (160) inherent Right. Patricia Anne Simpson sounds note: She points toward connections between violence ambivalent treatment particularity intersection war, nationhood, feminine. Bernasconi gives evidence contemporaries would assumed ancient Egyptians were black because understood... | review | en | Hegelianism|Identity (music)|Oppression|Politics|Philosophy|Epistemology|Context (archaeology)|Political philosophy|Sociology|Aesthetics|Law|History|Political science|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.0.0038 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1969968555', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.0.0038', 'mag': '1969968555'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Speculative Philosophy |
<i>Ignatius of Antioch and the Parting of the Ways: Early Jewish-Christian Relations</i> (review) | John-Paul Lotz (https://openalex.org/A5010652232) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Ignatius of Antioch and the Parting Ways: Early Jewish-Christian Relations John-Paul Lotz Relations. By Thomas A. Robinson. (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. 2009. Pp. xiv, 285. $27.95 paperback. ISBN 978-1-598-56323-8.) Catholic Protestant scholars have debated seven letters St. since Reformation. After all, is an early witness to threefold ministry bishops, elders, deacons, a vital theological [End Page 751] link between New Testament period so-called early-Catholicism second century. In last half nineteenth century, Zahn-Lightfoot consensus resolved many historical ambiguities surrounding Syrian bishop (although by no means all); however, this was challenged in twentieth century new concerns longer focused on authenticity Ignatius's writings but rather their claims. Was really celebrated carried off martyrdom for his faithful leadership Church Antioch, or he somehow tragic figure who psychologically suspect writing apologetically defend discord over which presided (or possibly caused) while shoring up legacy through voluntary martyrdom? The also features largely another debate: parting ways Jews Christians antiquity. It into matrix unresolved issues that Robinson steps with remarkable confidence clarity. Whereas modern tended view as eccentric unrepresentative Christianity, other begun blur alleged boundaries "Judaisms Christianities" age before Constantine, has edged carefully decisively opposite direction. Methodologically, provides overview key demographics history question proselytes God-fearers Judaism, motive churches. each case, supported comprehensive engagement scholarship, disentangles suppositions hypotheses undergird much scholarship's deconstruction reconstruction two issues. chapter 1 demographic presuppositions are ferreted out sparse available evidence arriving at account affirms privileged, politically contingent, place Antioch. time Ignatius, position likely more fragile than times, due war Rome. ambiguous Jewish community must been feature anxiety following rise increasingly gentile-Jewish Christianity. Chapters 2 4 deal Judaism these analyses, issue plays major role. diverse its fluid, were they aware proselytes, did exigencies refugees narrow sense insiders outsiders? particular, can featured about belonging? does not think so, buttresses undermining some untested notions allegedly significant groups. 752] chapters 3 5 takes Ignatian enigma assessing fruits twentieth-century scholarship perspective—that failed embroiled moved unanchored psyche toward death. shows, first representative normative opposed pluriform "Christianities" Bauerian hypothesis, understood "Christianity" "the other" quite clearly, whether "Judaism" docetic heretics. Second, undermines arguments used construe alternative narrative traditional "persecution martyrdom" hermeneutic posit discord, personal ambition, rivalry concluding 6 addresses weaknesses revisionist interpretations parting... | review | en | Bishops|Early Christianity|Judaism|Classics|Philosophy|Witness|New Testament|Protestantism|Theology|History|Revelation|Religious studies|Law|Linguistics|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2011.0216 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2027551024', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2011.0216', 'mag': '2027551024'} | Syria | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>Imagination and Innovation: The Story of Weston Woods</i> (review) | Jan Susina (https://openalex.org/A5029447615) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Imagination and Innovation: The Story of Weston Woods Jan Susina (bio) Woods. By John Cech. New York: Scholastic Press, 2009. Cech has written a superb history Woods, the innovative influential film studio known for adapting high-quality children's picture books into films other forms media. reminds readers that although media always been field mingled business with art, stands out as company successfully championed art over commerce. story is essentially its founder, Mort Schindel, first person to pursue graduate degree from Columbia University's Teachers College desire become producer educational films. was, points out, closest equivalent an "art film" children in United States (15). makes telling contrast more successful Disney Corporation Nickelodeon, which have reshaped their own aims. As relates, began 1950s "a devoted making quality through process not driven primarily by profit or wholly commercial motives" (14). In brief foreword book, Maurice Sendak, who worked closely adapt Where Wild Things Are several his short films, praises Schindel having ingenious idea "bringing together isolated world mainstream television movies" atmosphere valued both writers illustrators (7). When working on adaptation, was James Daugherty's Andy Lion 1954, hardly anyone interested production rights books. Since then produced than four hundred based literature. These include titles some best-known authors books, including Wanda Gág, Leo Lionni, Robert McCloskey, Marshall, Crockett Johnson, Virginia Lee Burton, Ezra Jack Keats, William Steig, Pat Hutchins, Rosemary Wells. also created series thoughtful documentaries noted Beatrix Potter, A. Milne, Edward Ardizzone, McCloskey. technology evolved so Its visual oral adaptations appeared 16-mm 35-mm audiocassettes, LP records, CD-ROMs, DVDs, MP3s. While expanded original goal create literary broader [End Page 115] creating media, remained consistently high. established gold standard producing Credited coining term "edutainment" describe work he doing at developed simple panning camera still pictures, called iconographic technique. He pioneered this technique while part Marshall Plan Turkey early 1950s. Returning States, Weston, Connecticut, using Through cousin, Arthur Kleiner, composed background music able secure 1956 screening eight Museum Modern Art hopes sparking interest showing network television. It didn't happen. However, delay Gene Dietch's Tom Terrific cartoons, aired Captain Kangaroo program, resulted opportunity be shown Kangaroo. notes association Kangaroo, continued until 1970s, significant studio. For adults certain age, versions Make Way Ducklings, Mike Mulligan His Steam Shovel, Stone Soup, were frequently the... | review | en | Studio|Corporation|Movie theater|Art history|Art|Visual arts|Sociology|Law|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.2011.0003 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2034210313', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.2011.0003', 'mag': '2034210313'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Children's Literature Association Quarterly |
<i>Imagining Ethiopia: Struggles for History and Identity in the Horn of Africa</i> (review) | Donald N. Levine (https://openalex.org/A5008043046) | 1,995 | Book Reviews 91 Railways (SGR) and the Commissioner of Port Sudan. The SGR was responsible for management harbor, town itself. conflicts discussed illustrate underlying tensions between two major viewpoints on development city, i.e., those who saw Sudan as an urban conglomeration built around a it harbor to which city appended. In existing literature, African cities tend be categorized into with traditional core, that were creation colonial powers. author puts entirely in second category , product. To further this point, Perkins draws his earlier research efforts French North Africa. Whereas such also created by colonialists, they were, unlike Sudan, outside, "old cities" already there, Tunis, Fez, Algiers. Similarly, case ports like Casablanca or Aden, small insignificant towns made seaports, adding cases "twin cities." We may extend Perkins's comparative list port Subsanaran Africa—Lagos Mombasa—as have been described recent books Sandra Barnes (1986) Frederick Cooper (1987). story presented Kenneth J. is largely British sources, yet reproduces views dominant groups critical policy. sensitive fact did not act isolation. It hoped wider contexts alluded reviewer will carried out. This goes various regional interlinkages well local developments period after 1950s. either case, book remain useful reference. Leif Manger University Bergen Imagining Ethiopia: Struggles History Identity Horn ofAfrica John Sorenson New Brunswick: Rutgers Press, 1993. 216 pp. + xii. Mama Zeinab, Eritrea's "national poet," wails us from jacket spirited tract. Its clearly loves Eritreans, evincing compas- 92 sion their suffering admiration independence struggle. Too bad he write poem behalf. Instead, using trappings scholarship, has woven tale embarrass sophisticated Eritreans alienate scholarly colleagues. I find unfortunate, writer talent subject much interest—the images Ethiopia purveyed contemporary discourses. He proceeds unassailable tenet construct narratives order articulate identities assert control, identifies number rhetorical devices—"construction absence" (tendentious omission significant information), "inoculation " (admitting fault avoid owning greater one), "ventriloquism (using native's voice express valorize one's own views), inventing facts, delegitimizing dissent, like—which employ process. pursuing Foucauldian project aspires escape Foucault's vagueness looking at concrete "roles interests produce these discourses, nationalist intellectuals, mass media, representatives state" (p. 11). more than Foucault but no rigorous generous. gives sense how representative sometimes extreme specimens media are supposed be. conflates superficial sensationalist aired work scrupulous scholars. implies only techniques used public discourse agonistic if malevolent ones. result damages otherwise stimulating investigation. seeks chiefly fight . ably represents rationale struggle: shared experience Italian colonialism, wish emulate independent status claimed other former colonies, Ethiopia's illegitimate abrogation Federation 1962, emerging national consciousness 1974. levels apt criticisms discourses fail grasp rationale. However, pitting Eritrean narrative against the... | review | en | Colonialism|Port (circuit theory)|French horn|Viewpoints|Identity (music)|History|Geography|Economy|Economic history|Archaeology|Sociology|Engineering|Art|Economics|Pedagogy|Electrical engineering|Visual arts|Aesthetics | https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.1995.0006 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1981158278', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.1995.0006', 'mag': '1981158278'} | Sudan | C144024400 | Sociology | Northeast African Studies |
<i>In Spite of Partition: Jews, Arabs, and the Limits of Separatist Imagination</i> (review) | Deborah A. Starr (https://openalex.org/A5052732584) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: In Spite of Partition: Jews, Arabs, and the Limits Separatist Imagination Deborah A. Starr (bio) Imagination. By Gil Z. Hochberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007. 204 pp. Cloth $39.95. Much has been written—by journalists, pundits academics—about Israeli-Palestinian conflict last sixty-plus years Arab-Jewish tensions in Palestine that preceded it. The emphasis, here, is on terms "tension" "conflict" on, particular, human suffering armed between Jews Arabs caused. Trolling through this literature, [End Page 119] one encounters appeals both sides to a similar rhetoric victimization parallel religio-historical claims territory. her engaging book, Imagination, Hochberg upends polarization, offering instead nuanced exploration deeply intertwined identities "Jew" "Arab." Hochberg's analyses also transcend superficial similarities, delving into literary texts reflect shared history, culture, language identity common spite as result conflict. book's title derived from line Edward Said's 1999 essay "What Can Separation Mean?"—indeed, writing sustains an ongoing dialogue with oeuvre. constructing argument, traces "Zionism's orientalism" "the dubious status Jew within European orientalist imagination" (10). Zionism's goal creating "New Jew" who could build participate modern, Western state threatened by figures Arab "backward Jew." pivotal argument indeed most important theoretical contributions, two 'threats' [to Zionism]—that presented 'Jew' 'Arab'—are fact one" (14). Throughout are compelling engaging. She masterfully presents sophisticated, arguments critical interpretations clear accessible. first chapter examines possibilities offered figure "Arab discussion Pillar Salt (1953) One Thousand Years, Day (1986) Albert Memmi Edmond Amram el Maleh respectively, francophone, North African Jewish authors. next three chapters explore various articulations nexus Israel. Chapter 2 unpacks notion "levantinism" outlined essays Jacqueline Kahanoff, which were written English published Hebrew translation Israeli press 1958 1978 revisited Ronit Matalon novel Facing Us (1995). This opens perhaps lucid explanation interpretation "levantine" "levantimism" I have ever encountered; analysis these their idiom incisive illuminating. readings Arabesques Palestinian-Israeli novelist, essayist, poet playwright Anton Shammas Bound (1990), Swissa, Mizrahi novelist Moroccan descent 3 4, offer pointed, well-deserved, critique questionable sometimes downright racist assumptions evident (often positive) 120] reception works Particularly strong reading narrative abjection, relies formulations Julia Kristeva Jacques Lacan. 5 addresses writers emerge out experience Lebanese civil war: Amin Maalouf's Ports Call (1996) Mahmoud Darwish's Memory for Forgetfulness (1987). Certainly will raise hackles those parties invested separatist ideology. Partition critiques foundational discourse offers examples array themselves exemplify articulate inherent Jewish-Arab imaginary. book provocative refreshingly new approach predominant, divisive discourse. However, find underlying well... | review | en | Zionism|Rhetoric|Orientalism|Partition (number theory)|Judaism|History|Jewish identity|Literature|Religious studies|Sociology|Philosophy|Art|Theology|Mathematics|Combinatorics | https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.2011.0016 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2022207539', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.2011.0016', 'mag': '2022207539'} | Israel|Lebanon|Morocco|Palestine|State of Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Comparative Literature Studies |
<i>In the Shadow of Munich: British Policy towards Czechoslovakia from the Endorsement to the Renunciation of the Munich Agreement (1938-1942)</i> (review) | Benjamin Frommer (https://openalex.org/A5050105876) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: In the Shadow of Munich: British Policy towards Czechoslovakia from Endorsement to Renunciation Munich Agreement (1938-1942) Benjamin Frommer (1938-1942). By Vít Smetana . Prague: Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press, 2008. 360 pp. $20.00 (paper). a world dominated by English language, non-Anglophone scholars often struggle make an impact on profession. Czech historian Smetana's challenging book is welcome exception this rule and hopefully beginning new trend publishing. Thanks innovative program American studies at Faculty Social Sciences, wrote his dissertation English. [End Page 647] Publishers (Prague) deserves praise for their decision publish untranslated distribution available United States through Chicago Press. Anglophone readers can now be exposed different perspective old set questions, which provocatively effectively challenges common assumptions about critical juncture twentieth-century history. The examines British-Czechoslovak relations run-up September 1938 Pact point (roughly 1941-1942) when Edvard Beneš secured recognition government-in-exile, developed plans expel Sudeten Germans, walked away project federation with Poland. author's impressively extensive archival research three countries, contributes significantly our understanding series events that first destroyed then reshaped Central Europe. as much history it Czechoslovak, developments analyzes chart evolution elite thinking policies appeasement fears postwar Soviet expansion. central organizing theme revisionist argument did not continue after Munich. number long-held perfidy, example, he argues foreign aid Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938-1939) was "surprisingly high." Although Prague had sought more, London gave almost rest combined. This relative largesse, view disgruntled diplomats, came expense spending armaments (p. 93). Nor turn its back completely persecuted. Diplomatic officials inquired repeatedly situation Jews made contingent treatment them German refugees. Then again, there were limits concern. When Gestapo tried Jews, balked accepting (while same time helping Gentile political leaders escape). concludes, "British assistance refugees before war exceeded support any other country," albeit only right type 156). provides important corrective facile condemnations prime minister Neville Chamberlain diplomats. And yet still appear depressingly cynical wake December 1938, deputy undersecretary state dismissed idea honoring country's commitments Czechoslovakia: "It though Germany guarantee 648] Egypt!" 68). antagonism expressed toward rump striking today: another high-ranking diplomat called "a distasteful indefensible mosaic" 167). As became clear state's days numbered, scrambled escape responsibility debacle avoid having take action response. After invasion March 1939, disingenuously claimed disintegrated own, hopes justifying government's inaction: "our against exercise moral pressure" 107). French joint protest occupation, what they could prevent such utterance later water down. "the overall pattern influencing policy Central... | review | en | Renunciation|Shadow (psychology)|Praise|History|Classics|Law|Art history|Media studies|Economic history|Political science|Sociology|Art|Literature|Theology|Philosophy|Psychology|Psychotherapist | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0077 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2030277814', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0077', 'mag': '2030277814'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>In the Shadow of the Holy Mountain: The Genesis of a Rural Greek Community and Its Refugee Heritage</i> (review) | William H. McNeill (https://openalex.org/A5005852065) | 1,988 | 314 Reviews juxtaposition and repetition than by close argumentation, this is perhaps the consequence of seeking to make an argument great generality through particular vehicle ethnography Greece. A more generic phrasing question might have been, How has dominance West Europeans their construction own genealogy (which includes Greece) also been refracted in development anthropology? To pursued question, however, would required Herzfeld sacrifice his synthesis Greek semiotic models. Thus, ambitions for book may weakened Europeanist anthropology. But at same time, these enabled him a valuable contribution on several fronts—to historical reflexive anthropology, comprehensive theorization , treatment formation national identity. In each he moved scholarship decisively forward set new standards Katherine Verdery Johns Hopkins University Stephen D. Salamone, Shadow Holy Mountain: The Genesis Rural Community Its Refugee Heritage. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia Press. 1987. Pp. 245. This little portrays fishing village, Amuliani from its establishment 1920s previously uninhabited island near Mt. Õthos until mid-1970s. Salmone relies oral reports reconstruction what life had like villagers Asia Minor home, Marinarás islands Sea Marmora. He follows community flight Turks 1922 reestablishment part group that monastic estate but no permanent inhabitants. story interesting itself, told with sensivitity role key individual leaders interaction traditional patterns behavior. Salamone sensitive technical aspects as practiced Marmora subsequently Aegean, shows how labor system collaboration 315 across familial lines interacted marketing dictates technique sustain specific local social structure village. While studies farming villages communities dependent principally sheep goats are familiar work last generation anthropologists, first study (so far I know) it see fishermen's affect filótimo other cultural puts emphasis autonomy village under Ottoman rule; leadership nikokiraii— independent householders, specifically men who hired others boats or farming. Depending skillfully nikokiris caught marketed fish, engaged economically remunerative enterprise, either flourished retreated into lesser class daily sustenance. His way fluid fitted market context. Fishing was not simple subsistence Turkey Instead all sorts equipment, boats, nets, time engines fuel oil be purchased paid selling fish urban markets. begin with, effective lacking took second place elsewhere villagers' livelihood. horizon point was, strangely enough, World War II occupation, when unlike most communities, due black operations fairly diverse character. position remoteness police headquarters assisted achieving result; presence seafaring population accustomed perils sea added critical ingredient. After war, commercial changing technology came strong. participation wider network, old autonomous Amuliani, grouped around nikokiraii crews, began... | review | en | Ethnography|Argument (complex analysis)|Scholarship|Narrative|History|Anthropology|Refugee|Sociology|Classics|Literature|Art|Archaeology|Political science|Law|Biochemistry|Chemistry | https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0105 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1979593344', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0105', 'mag': '1979593344'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Modern Greek Studies |
<i>India's Foreign Policy Since 1971</i> (review) | Anil Thomas George (https://openalex.org/A5084944336) | 1,993 | BOOK REVIEWS 157 adapting to the international environment, a problem not specific Third World. This "Janus Faced" nature ofthe state is starting point ofMichael Barnett's stimulating work Confronting Costs ofWar: MilitaryPower, State, andSociety in EgyptandIsrael. Barnett argues that state's domestic goals—political stability and economic growth—often with conflict even contradict its aims, particularly defense preparation which often necessitates tradeoffbetween various goals. The ability deal this affected by opportunities , constraints, threats ofboth environments strength relative society. provides three broad strategies available states: an "accommodational strategy" limited changes are made status quo; "restructural "attemptls] restructure present state-society compact order increase total amount of financial, productive [material], manpower resources ... for war "; "international forms alliances gain military support from external sources. applies framework examine how both Egypt Israel used these different adjust changing domestic, regional, global conditions . He countries initially pursued accommodational when proved insufficient face threats, real or perceived, they tried relations increasing former. When strategy inadequate, sought assistance. As synthesis, ofWar demonstrates utility sustained use explicit framework, one emphasizes governments pursue theirgoals, illuminate decisions choices over time leaders. By using Middle East theoretical arguments about relationship states' power society drawn European experience, able refine them emphasize need increased sensitivity relationship's dynamic time. War valuable contribution variety literatures most clearly those on comparative politics, Politics. Frameworks derived insights other areas periods, including expanding literature political economy, should increasingly be analyze East, as test them. India's Foreign Policy Since 1971. Robert Bradnock. New York: Council Relations Press, 1990. 128 pp. $14.95/Paperback. Reviewed Anil George, JD., American University, 1992. In 1947 India began course independent what was christened first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, "tryst destiny." postcolonial decades have followed, western sometimes understood foreign policy unique history geopolitical position, 158 SAIS REVIEW perceived it anti-Western, slighted world. light ofa new Democratic administration United States must post-Cold world, students ofIndia would profit reading Bradnock's analysis 1971 V.P. Singh government. Commissioned Royal Institute International Affairs London, quick education scholarly oftwo ofIndian policy, year world's largest democracy signed Indo-Soviet Treaty ofPeace Friendship. Bradnock asserts treaty offriendship former Soviet Union interpreted ideological shift non-aligned pro-Soviet stance. Instead, adroitly explains, intended protect national security interests; event less motivated ideology than pragmatism It formally announced towardthe People's Republic ofChina eventually led diplomatic ties between two nations. Just nine years earlier, had fought devastating China regarding Himalayan border. was... | review | en | Status quo|State (computer science)|Restructuring|Order (exchange)|Politics|Political science|International relations|International community|Work (physics)|Foreign policy|Development economics|Political economy|Business|Economics|Engineering|Law|Computer science|Finance|Mechanical engineering|Algorithm | https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1993.0036 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2009383943', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1993.0036', 'mag': '2009383943'} | Egypt|Israel | C47768531 | Development economics | SAIS review |
<i>India's Nuclear Policy</i> (review) | Benjamin P. Greene (https://openalex.org/A5083159061) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: India's Nuclear Policy Benjamin P. Greene Policy. By Bharat Karnad. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International, 2008. ISBN 978-0-275-99945-2. Notes. Index. Pp. xi, 221. $49.95. Karnad, one of leading strategic thinkers, presents a thoughtful and provocative argument challenging the view that growing nuclear arsenal contributes to instability in South Asia. In his view, development force is credible, effective, survivable ("credible minimum deterrence") essential for it remain moderate responsible state become valuable counterweight China. Karnad's description evolution program underscores how nation developed its weapons autonomously, but firmly integrated thinking with prevailing theories warfare. He discusses powers have recently modernized arsenals confirmed policies on use weapons. linking strategy posture those top tier states, Karnad argues India deserves be considered power rather than pariah along lines North Korea or aspirant such as Iran. The author labors hard alter perception Asia, history warfare between Pakistan, has flash point. Trough analysis limited war an assessment previous conflicts, shows terrain, offensive capabilities, [End Page 1015] overwhelming logistical difficulties would make decisive conventional military victory unlikely. More importantly, contends multiple cultural historical ties Pakistan render chance all-out nations near zero likelihood exchange even more remote. becoming "sideshow." Instead, greatest security threat China, which possesses sharper cultural, political, economic differences. After detailing several sources tension could trigger conflict, concludes peaceful coexistence depends upon achieving parity This notion he laments not shared by many politicians, whom chastises committing resources developing triad acting forcefully "in wielding forces deter China's egregiously policies" (p. 139). Will U.S. India, following civilian cooperation agreement, able act concert counter rising China? optimistic. agreement "could turn out sugar-coated poison pill Indo-US relations" 157). For deal will inhibit, facilitate, program. cautions conduct tests perilously freeze technology flawed design. Moreover, required splitting into sections eliminate tremendous efficiencies had enjoyed combining expertise resources. Finally, warns may leverage pressure agree international Fissile-Material Cut-Off treaty before produced credible deterrent. places onerous terms conditions programs under nonproliferation regime, acknowledging status potential suggests desired this outcome, against backlash much less favorable citizens been led believe. crafted book merits attention anyone interested implications China peace, order, stability Although convince all readers expanding source stability, they challenged reconsider their thoughts current situation Asia role twenty-first century. Stuttgart, Germany Copyright © 2009 Society Military History | review | en | Nuclear weapon|China|Offensive|Deterrence theory|Political science|Nuclear energy policy|Development economics|Nuclear power|Law|Political economy|Sociology|Engineering|Economics|Operations research|Ecology|Biology | https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0342 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2026251228', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0342', 'mag': '2026251228'} | Iran | C144024400|C47768531 | Development economics|Sociology | The Journal of Military History |
<i>Indigenous Knowledge and Education: Sites of Struggle, Strength, and Survivance</i> (review) | Tiffany S. Lee (https://openalex.org/A5037250412) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Indigenous Knowledge and Education: Sites of Struggle, Strength, Survivance Tiffany S. Lee Malia Villegas, Sabina Rak Neugebauer, Kerry R. Venegas, eds. Survivance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Review, 2008. 351 pp. Paper, $32.95. This book offers a compilation essays from the academic journal Review that address ideas applications knowledge education. The span 1958 to 2006 with concentration in more recent years. is organized into three sections thematically discuss educational struggles, strengths, survivance. timely, significant for understanding contextually across world. As I read each essay became exceedingly interested particular contexts selected sites; moreover, how they connected one another. very well, prologues help reader discover those connections between essays. editors pose useful reading questions at end prologue as well. scholars are speaking publishing about their understandings value systems (IKS) education Native students well-being people communities. adds this discussion important learning IKS, particularly international perspectives. Its strength background which place would be courses related education, philosophies foundations, sociology American or studies. Being “survivance” major theme third section and, recognize later book, not commonplace term, introduction [End Page 405] needs fuller definition survivance employ it thematic stance. provided well section, thus readers might benefit prior all sections. first includes four representing struggles North America, Mexico, Haiti, “Third World.” Each addressed various where powers be, including intellectuals, determined what best populations without true even consultation peoples themselves. described assimilationist policy (Adams), evolution movements Mexico (Ruiz), characterizations Haitian children’s intelligence (Hudicourt-Barnes), control production world books (Altbach). section’s concluding by Battiste poignantly argues recognition IKS distinct calls solutions rethink creating fair just system can integrate build on both Eurocentric knowledge. She summed up struggle charge contended when she said, “The traditional view heritage exotic objects have nothing do science progress over” (89). second consists collection sources define purpose, power, action. In particular, share “communal action-oriented nature knowledge” (93) community student center analysis. revealed emanate communities Sub-Sahara Africa, Western Australia, Nicaragua, United States. Definitions contextualized these places perspectives, such MaClure Lomawaima, who describe growth importance community-based community-controlled research. while endogenous research Africa has grown, still ambiguous much valued entire process controlled external agencies. Lomawaima another aspect research, completely tribal (in States) an exercise... | review | en | Indigenous|Prologue|Traditional knowledge|Publishing|Reading (process)|Value (mathematics)|Sociology|Native American studies|Media studies|Political science|Social science|Anthropology|Literature|Law|Art|Ecology|Biology|Machine learning|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0060 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2063328732', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0060', 'mag': '2063328732'} | Western Sahara | C144024400 | Sociology | American Indian Quarterly |
<i>Intercultural Communication Under New Challenges</i>. The 14<sup>th</sup> RISA Convention | D. S. Gorshenev (https://openalex.org/A5058575803) | 2,022 | MGIMO University started a new academic year with the 14th Russian International Studies Association (RISA) Convention. Held on October 13th–15th Convention invited leading scholars to discuss historical, socio-economic, political, and legal aspects of shaping world order. Its traditional interdepartmental panel Intercultural Communication this brought together speakers from Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Uruguay, Iran cultural diversity under challenges. An interdisciplinary array 52 reports by philosophers, culturologists, linguists, political scientists, regionalists, religious scholars, art historians specialists in field media studies presented vivid picture modern research sphere intercultural communication. The exchange opinions encouraged scientists investigate related fields expand their theoretical horizons getting acquainted achievements knowledge. Among most discussed topics that aroused keen interest audience are following: linguistic reality interaction example evolution Spanish language, preservation heritage peoples context globalization, various ways visualizing culture influence formation regional national identity, philosophical understanding challenges facing manifestations much more. session demonstrated communication lying at intersection multiple parties’ interests remains flexible adaptable dialogue cultures is reciprocal ever-important process. | article | en | Convention|Politics|Context (archaeology)|Globalization|Sociology|Media studies|Political science|Intercultural communication|Social science|Law|Pedagogy|History|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2022-4-24-160-161 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4312086008', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2022-4-24-160-161'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Koncept: filosofiâ, religiâ, kulʹtura|DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
<i>Interpreting Francis and Clare of Assisi: From the Middle Ages to the Present</i> (review) | Cheryl Taylor (https://openalex.org/A5045931239) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Interpreting Francis and Clare of Assisi: From the Middle Ages to Present Cheryl Taylor Mews, Constant J. Claire Renkin, eds, Present, Melbourne, Broughton Publishing 2010; paperback; pp. xvi, 416; 39 colour illustrations; R.R.P. AU$89.95; ISBN 9780980663464. This cross-disciplinary collection stems from a conference at Yarra Theological Union in November 2009, one several events held worldwide celebrate eighth centenary founding Franciscan Order. Meticulously imaginatively printed presented, volume reaffirms art making fine books. The essays, together with splendid gathering [End Page 233] coloured plates, trace impact ideas their beginnings into contemporary world, encompassing countries as diverse Italy, England, France, Ireland, Bohemia, Egypt, Australia. book reasserts Clare’s message strenuous self-giving simple living powerful response twenty-first-century conflicts disasters. Like Christianity whole, history embodies paradox movement built on love for identification poor, which has deviated too readily oppression, hypocrisy, corruption. counters research effort that been put medieval Renaissance anti-fraternal satire by recalling challenge ideals purity have always posed capitalist values. In seeking, imitation founders, implant caritas leading aspiration active contemplative lives individuals, traditions are potentially more radical than any left-wing ideology. Accordingly, essays this focus Franciscans’ confrontations economic determinism papal authority. Drawing Francis’s authenticated writings other early sources, Jacques Dalarun delineates each saint’s basic iconoclasm: ‘[Francis] overcomes divisions social, cultural sexual categories subverting them, turning them topsy-turvy. [Clare] ignores haughtily. individual, beginning Francis, she sees immediately transparency Christ’ (p. 11). A study Michael Cusato delves friars’ relationship money, reviled turpe lucrum, stercus, serpens. responded Gospel teachings money’s power corrupt poverty path perfection historical moment when coin credit first infiltrated European life. fierce renunciation money his Rule, Regula non bullata (1208–21), recognized ‘a terrible devastating social reality’ – ‘Money … it was experienced common folk central including Assisi, an instrument exploitation used gain profit themselves expense rest population, most especially daily labourer, vulnerable poor’ (pp. 21–22). Not much changed! Other explore tensions, many creative, within beyond thought institutions. Of these, Anne M. Scott’s traces Lady Poverty greatest evil yet liberating Christian virtue selected literary works. Peta Hills examines new concept religious life her Forma Vitae (1253), enclosed, permeable boundaries working poor. She quotes Clarissan view, astonishing many, is simultaneously 234] privilege freedom 115). Essays Julie Ann Smith Robert Curry inner uncertainties outer generated sisters’ property. Janice Pinder’s analysis French verse translations Thomas Celano’s Vita Prima exemplifies role idealism popular culture. Another group keyed offers insights visual arts. They include Judith Collard’s exposition images English manuscripts Matthew Paris’s Chronica Maiora Liber Additamentorum; Hugh Hudson’s description Friar Pietro Teutonico’s reliquary diptych National Gallery Victoria; Renkin’s account Magdalena Steimerin’s German translation Clare, manuscript colourfully illuminated Sibylla von Bondorf. These studies culminate Ursula Betka Margaret Pont’s examination thirteenth-century... | review | en | Contemplation|Middle Ages|Publishing|Art history|Sociology|History|Law|Art|Theology|Ancient history|Philosophy|Literature|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2012.0012 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2077957916', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2012.0012', 'mag': '2077957916'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Parergon|ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) |
<i>Introspection in Biography: The Biographer's Quest for Self-Awareness</i> (review) | Louis A. Renza (https://openalex.org/A5087477192) | 1,988 | REVIEWS 79 gence agencies of 1975-1976 and the Iran-contra hearings 1987 have underscored, more disturbing reality is that secrecy permits abuses power. In case FBI Director Hoover, despite holding an ostensibly subordinate administrative appointment Hoover succeeded in advancing his own political agenda did so by successfully circumventing legal constitutional restrictions. Perhaps most interesting aspect Powers's book involves uncritically positive reaction reviewers prominence given to reviews bookthereby indirectly confirming continuing interest fascination Hoover's life career. Inevitably, then, we can expect dearth biographies will be replaced a plethora—of scope comparable involving Franklin D. Roosevelt. Yet, although FOIA has breached principal barrier research career, until records are deposited at National Archives would-be biographers labor under major restrictions—for effective use requires researcher able identify, sight unseen, relevant wait lengthy time period needed for their processing release. Äthan Theoharis Marquette University Samuel H. Baron Carl Pletsch, eds., Introspection Biography: The Biographer 's Quest Self-Awareness. Hillsdale: Analytic Press, 1985. 367 pp. What Is Literature? (1947), Sartre polemically declared literary critics, motivated desire escape freedom, paradoxical imperative change present worlds through writing, choose "dead" subjects. For bad existential reasons , is, they prefer write about works "[wjritten dead man things" or "nothing which interests us directly." Indeed, such went on suggest, wish subjects dead: "It holiday [the critic] when contemporary authors do him favor dying. Their books, too raw, living, urgent, pass other shore; become less affecting beautiful"—more socially as well autobiographically irrelevant critic readers. To many outside observers, this provocative accusation still applies late twentieth -century criticism, reflex action which, least criticism's recent neo-historical turn, seems entail dissemination authorial person into elusive "text." But Sartre's words could just easily apply ongoing practice biographical writing. Almost convention certainly often than not, fact subjects; else regard living ones if were relatively stable objects study—as if, epistemologically speaking, dead. both cases, moreover, subject becomes synonymous with texts written spoken her; excavations her privately lived experiences, themselves intellectual psychological agendas biographer biography's audience; simply becomes, short, "subject to": codes understanding suppress, smooth out or, so-called psychobiographies, hermeneutically absorb "raw" otherness subject's life. seventeen essays comprising Biography, originally delivered papers conference entitled "The Psychology Biogra- 80 biography Vol. 11,No. 1 phy" Chapel Hill 1981, effectively would deny charge it pertains act. Each essay testifies problematic poses scene postbiographical reflection. This turns quite alive, someone biographer's original conception him, hence misreading dialectically discloses psychic needs desires writing biography. sense, serve kind pretext "self-discovery" (Baron, 13). As volume it, however, dynamic relation between self-aware author "other" method introspection mediated third party conversant potential rationalizations merely freelance self-analysis would... | review | en | Introspection|Biography|Secrecy|Power (physics)|Law|Politics|Sociology|History|Psychoanalysis|Political science|Psychology|Philosophy|Epistemology|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/bio.2010.0635 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2070361015', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/bio.2010.0635', 'mag': '2070361015'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Biography |
<i>Inventing the Modern Self and John Dewey: Modernities and the Traveling of Pragmatism in Education</i> (review) | Victor J. Rodriguez (https://openalex.org/A5072931136) | 2,009 | Introduction Modernity, Pragmatism and Dewey as Indigenous Foreigner T.Popkewitz THE EUROPEAN SPACE an Foreigner: The Progressive Concepts of 'Liberty', 'Interest' 'Experience' in the Technologies Subjectivation Secondary Pupil (1880-1950) J.Ramos do O 'Society School' Constructivist Pedagogies Changing Fashion Governing Self K.Petersson & U.Olsson John Creation Modern Spain: Building 'New' Spaniards Old Nation M.A.Pereyra Balkanizing N.W.Sobe Language Homeland: European Reception Challenge Modernity D.Trohler Belgium - A Libation for M.Depaepe , F.Simon T.Decoster A.Van Gorp AMERICAS Discursive Inscriptions Fabrication a Self: Mexican Educational Appropriations Dewey's Writings R.N. Buenfil Burgos Foreign that did not become Indigenous: History New School Movement Argentina (1920-1940) I.Dussel M.Caruso Circulation Brazil: Study Dissemination Strategies M.J.Warde Appropriation Colombia: 1914-1946 J.Saenz Obregon Asia/Asia Minor Postwar Japan K.Ohkura Present on Chinese Intellectuals: Confucianism J.Qi Modernization Turkey S.Bilgi S.Ozsoy | review | en | Pragmatism|Philosophy|Sociology|Psychoanalysis|Epistemology|Psychology | https://doi.org/10.1353/eac.0.0015 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2070105852', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/eac.0.0015', 'mag': '2070105852'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Education and Culture |
<i>Ireland, India, and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Literature</i> (review) | Howard Keeley (https://openalex.org/A5065686040) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Ireland, India, and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Literature Howard Keeley (bio) Julia M. Wright , (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 280, $106 cloth. Covering the nineteenth early twentieth centuries, comprehensively instructively analyzes inscriptions of India other British oriental colonies literary texts with Irish authors or characters. regularly identifies sensibility: moral sympathy "fellow-feeling" towards others' poor, painful conditions. For example, she quotes James Clarence Mangan's 1840s poetic demand that, concerning likes "The swart slave Kaffirland," youths manifest "Soul-felt grief." Wright's Introduction holds especially after Act Union (1800), Ireland is difficult to assimilate into "this / Other" binary whereby "this" metropolitan England "the exotic periphery its empire. The sees Ireland—European, Christian, "literate . enfranchised white"—as in-between: an instance "that" per John Barrell's formulation that Other." Being physically like English—and culturally more them 1831 Stanley Education Act—the could mimic, better than Indians, their colonial superiors, either subvert emulate them. In each last five her six full chapters, compares contrasts two three major texts, making elegant, historically grounded arguments about Irish-Oriental nexuses. first chapter, however, offers a contextualizing claim through "political writings" newspapers—and documents Charles Hamilton Teeling's 1828 1832 memoirs 1798 Rebellion—the United Irishmen advanced notion "sentimental nationalism." Irishness became less matter proving cultural purity (the mission antiquarians) asserting one's ideological commitment sympathy. A Scots-Irish Presbyterian was if he felt, responded benevolently to, woes inflicted upon his fellow countrymen by "unfeeling" regime. Chapter 2 focuses on Lady Morgan's Wild Girl (1806) works Edgeworths, father daughter. These authors, argues, use education trope fostering suggest effective means recalibrating Anglo-Irish relations Union. Morgan characterizes as achieved Milesian woman who educates English suitor national sympathy, facilitating emergence kind foster-father. such tales orphan Dominick O'Reilly, becomes Indian secretary (Essay Bulls [1803]), Edgeworths allegorize country young male needs pedagogy achieve full, prosperous manhood. [End Page 295] Taking starting point press coverage 1806 Vellore Mutiny over religious symbols, 3 examines hugely popular orientalist texts: Missionary (1811) Thomas Moore's multi-narrative Lalla Rookh (1817). Both universal human expose proselytism calculating imperial strategy. Oscar Wilde's mother, writing Young Nation newspaper, identified subtext Rookh: persecuted Sunnis Iran resemble Catholics pre-Emancipation Erin. work remains famous for offering oily Fadladeen parody Edinburgh Review critic Francis Jeffrey. remaining chapters dissect gothic critique wealth—the dark side whose acquisition Edmund Burke's prosecution Warren Hastings exposed. 4 problematizes Edgeworths' ideal muscular frontier innovative interpretation Matthew G. Lewis's Ceylonese short story Anaconda" (1808). detailed reading C.R. Maturin's complex Melmoth Wanderer (1820) 5 violent appropriations native property precipitating patterns failure colonized spaces India. Respecting Picture Dorian Gray (1891), 6 probes how significantly East End London commercial aesthetic economy apparent West End's surfeit luxury goods. chapter also presents Bram Stoker's late fiction advocating revitalization interventions there hardy, savvy colonials, Anglo-Australian Anglo-Burmese wife, heroes Lair White Worm (1911). glory... | review | en | Wright|Irish|Nationalism|Colonialism|Sympathy|History|Poetry|Expansionism|Sensibility|Sociology|Politics|Literature|Art history|Art|Law|Philosophy|Political science|Psychology|Archaeology|Social psychology|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/vpr.0.0080 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2015542227', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/vpr.0.0080', 'mag': '2015542227'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Victorian Periodicals Review |
<i>Islam, Ethics, Revolt: Politics and Piety in Francophone West African and Maghreb Narrative</i> (review) | Aaron Rosenberg (https://openalex.org/A5022162076) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Islam, Ethics, Revolt: Politics and Piety in Francophone West African Maghreb Narrative Aaron L. Rosenberg (bio) Narrative. By Donald R. Wehrs. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008. x + 279 pp. $75.00. Wehrs has provided a valuable addition to comparative literary scholarship with his recent volume on group of novels from Northern Sub-Saharan Africa. conspicuously left out the work Anglophone writers. He also tightly defined purview by focusing only novelistic expression (albeit frequent extensive references other expressive forms integral Judaic Christian ethical identity). It is clear that these scholarly circumscriptions were necessary project prevent observations ranging too widely thus losing their intellectual force. We can hope some enterprising scholar will see fit carry Wehrs's endeavor looking at Islamic narratives this region (and possibly others) languages such as poetry, popular song, drama. stands an important remedy lacuna contemporary literature. Stephanie Newell's entitled Literature: Ways Reading (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006), take one current example, wide-ranging well-organized which tackles practical theoretical issues both [End Page 428] Literatures, although its less thorough. An additional weakness treatment Islam As Alioune Sow noted review Studies Quarterly: "[Newell's] chapter relatively short for what yet neglected aspect literatures . absence figures Amadou Hampâté Bâ or Yambo Ouologuem, devastating response values Le devoir de violence questionable" (10. 1 [Spring 2008]). Even cursory glance table contents reveals extent study remedies oversights. His text considers socio-cultural implications works authors who emerge environment. devotes unpacking complicated messages Ouologuem's (Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1968) does not deal Ahmadou Ba's famous novel The Fortunes Wangrin (Bloomington: Indiana 1999), choice include him analysis may have do content inefficacy vis à present project. Of more significance ability demonstrate overlap between North Africa through creative discourse. This task he carries off admirably. That focus varied intellectually divergent accounts propriety systems action them crucial, timely nature underscored events throughout globe. newly instated American president inauguration speech simultaneously expressed willingness "extend hand" governments willing "unclench [their] fist[s] emphasized determination crush insurgents Iraq, Afghanistan, elsewhere globe." President Obama stated "To Muslim world we seek new way forward based mutual interest respect." At points, however, invoked strongly tone; claiming "God calls us shape uncertain destiny," "our security emanates justness our cause." even went so far claim America's democratic ideals spread because "we did turn back nor falter eyes fixed horizon God's grace upon carried forth great gift freedom delivered it safely future generations." All course before closed following: Bless You God United States America" (my transcriptions). mixed feelings responses Muslims are hearing pronouncements logical outcome this... | review | en | Scholarship|Piety|Islam|French|Politics|Narrative|History|Sociology|Literature|Gender studies|Anthropology|Religious studies|Political science|Philosophy|Law|Art|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0088 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2022004300', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0088', 'mag': '2022004300'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Comparative Literature Studies |
<i>Islamic Art</i> (review) | Sajjad Rizvi (https://openalex.org/A5060761039) | 1,992 | 120 Reviews speech in the Canterbury Tales' is less focussed as an essay, perhaps because stories about saints do not have such a primary function for Chaucer they Christine de Pisan. The essay of Jo Ann McNamara, 'The need to give: suffering and female sanctity Middle Ages' matches that Vauchez breadth scholarship vision. She looks at way which communities religious women were gradually transformed from being centres active care-giving relatively impoverished pursed vocation spiritual purification on behalf wider community. In restrictive society, ambitious turned setf-imposed deprivation continue be caregivers society. essays John Coakley, 'Friars confidants holy medieval Dominican hagiography', Elizabeth Robertson, corporeality life Saint Margaret' indirectly Richard Kieckheffer 'Holiness culture devotion: remarks some late male saints' all draw attention differences between saints. Here subject worthy volume its own. As with so many volumes emanate conferences, this coUection mixed bag. It contains sufficient treasure, however, it missed. Constant J. M e w s Department History Monash University Brend, Barbara, Islamic Art, London, British Museum Press, 1991; paper; pp. 240; 105 colour 60 black white illustrations; R.R.P. AUSS49.95 [distributed Australia by Thames Hudson]. Early eighth-century traditions evolved architects artists conquered Byzantine principalities surrounding Mediterranean those Persian Sassanid empire extending Iraq Central Asia. Later on, symphony blue ornamentation tiles bonowed Chinese stone carvings Indians bestowed monuments brilliance glamour indescribable beauty delicacy. arrangements arch forms, domes minarets conjunction geometrical patterns, vegetal ornamentations different calligraphic styles their mosques, khanqahs (stiff monasteries) madrasas (seminaries) were, dictated own needs demonstrate Oneness omnipotence Divine Almighty. Only few specimens metal work, pottery, jade, jewels, ivory, arts book, paintings,textiles,carpet wood survived museums private collections. Nevertheless go long towards showing cross-cultural influences artistic both east west 121 Barbara Brend her book traces historically period individual media art architecture over 1200 years. Starting legacy Umayyads, who ruled 661 750, successors 'Abbasids, overthrown Mongol conquerors 1258, she goes describe distinctive features lands West (Egypt North Africa Spain), regions Turks Transoxiana Western Iran Anatolia. Before describing majestic tile work Mongols Tabriz, Samarqand Shahr-i Sabz fourteenth fifteenth century paintings Mongols, had converted Islam, picks up architectural Aleppo Cairo built rulers dynasties Northern Mesopotamia, Syria Egypt wake expulsion Crusaders region. then discusses achievements Safavids Qajars Ottomans also Bosphoras. Her last chapter deals development Indian environment under Sultans Delhi Mughal emperors. conclusion points out interest patterns passing. lecturer Library, has developed knack explain complex concepts lay visitors. Whtie summarizing standard works brings bear upon sktil simplifying controversial issues general... | review | en | Treasure|Scholarship|SAINT|Islam|Sociology|White (mutation)|History|Publishing|Subject (documents)|Classics|Religious life|Religious studies|Theology|Gender studies|Art history|Art|Law|Literature|Philosophy|Political science|Library science|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Gene|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.1992.0038 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1972084057', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.1992.0038', 'mag': '1972084057'} | Egypt|Iran|Iraq|Syria | C144024400 | Sociology | Parergon |
<i>Jewish Women in Greco-Roman Palestine</i> (review) | Amy-Jill Levine (https://openalex.org/A5017405724) | 2,000 | Book Reviews 155 writing, and the study ofJewish culture. Indeed, Alcalay's essay plays a critical role in volume which is actively pushing boundaries studies asking readers to think new different ways. Boyarin suggest that cultural could provide function as useful tool for of Jews Jewishness. They frame their an invitation use multi-valanced notion difference approach reinvigorate Jewish academic work, they want put scholars conversation with others whose work deals differences many kinds. But argument would have been even more powerful had defined greater detail. The introduction contained too unexamined assumptions regarding relationship between difference; claims stronger these carefully unpacked. Still, book succeeds drawing attention insights academically rigorous can provide. individual essays are provocative well written; taken together, compelling example riches "the studies" has offer. Deborah Glanzberg-Krainin Temple University Women Greco-Roman Palestine, by Tal Ilan. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1996. 270 pp. $19.95. Seeking document social, political, religious status women Palestine from Alexander Great ca. 200 C.E., Ilan produced engaging compendium materials ranging Ben Sirach Jubilees Talmud Midrash. Equally helpful her survey previous works on topic, those apologetically or polemically viewing Rabbinic sources normative period reductively contrasting liberating Jesus Christian movement misogynist Judaism. Somewhat problematic, however, methods conclusions. originated Ph.D. dissertation late 1980s under Menahem Stem was completed, following Stem's death, Isaiah Gafni. recounts during post-doctoral year at Harvard's "Women's Studies Religion" program she came realize writing "feminist criticism" (p. xi) all along. Yet there little makes "feminist" per se. It does not define employ method, it explore gender category analysis, utilizes androcentric language ("the historian ... he"). frequently notes other authors' political ideological alliance, ifan explicit agenda were incompatible historical 156 SHOFAR Winter 2000 Vol. 18, No.2 investigation. "Feminism" thus appears mean looking, objectivity, women. Ban's suggestion that"extreme" groups influenced movementsto tighten control over women's activities emphasize chastity plausible, but supported documents suggests. Moreover, increasing segregation sexes attendant restrictions may also be occasioned economic, ecological changes; result only internal sectarian pressure, external shifts. These matters fully addressed. Her assertion lives much varied than literary representations legal codes surely correct, albeit hardly original and, again, less argued been. By presenting thematically (e.g., daughters, marriage, biology, chastity, divorce, system, public, employment [maids, prostitutes, witches]) rather according class, Ban leaves impression preMaccabean until post-Bar-Kochba world, upper Galilee Negev, urban rural environments, patron peasant, relatively static. Contributing this concentrated dependence sources: Mishnah Tosefta, both Talmuds various Midrashim, cited meager discussion dating. Although skepticism concerning Beruriah traditions proper, wariness generalities public presence, reliance later positivistic warranted. Had made Qumran scrolls fmdings Judean Desert (she has... | review | en | Judaism|Politics|Talmud|Jewish culture|Sociology|Jewish studies|Classics|History|Theology|Philosophy|Law|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2000.0145 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2027617113', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2000.0145', 'mag': '2027617113'} | Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Jewish-Christianity Reconsidered: Rethinking Ancient Groups and Texts</i> (review) | Kathryn J. Smith (https://openalex.org/A5070025152) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Jewish-Christianity Reconsidered: Rethinking Ancient Groups and Texts Kathryn J. Smith Matt Jackson-McCabe, editor. Texts. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2007. Pp. 394. $35. The editor of this volume essays acknowledges that “Jewish-Christianity” is a categorization slippery full pitfalls. Accordingly, he asked the contributors to address two primary issues. first introduce readers varieties social groups literary genres era embody both Jewish Christian characteristics. second question terminology. Is term “Jewish Christianity” appropriate for describing phenomenon under study when definitions terms individually are fraught with uncertainty, especially reference few centuries Common Era? Contributors were selected primarily because they have articulated wide variety options classifying Christianity.” Jackson-McCabe begins by offering much needed, concise, well-represented discussion about scholarship on Christianity over last 200 years. Though limits his sources in English translation, reason doing so make essay accessible more general audience. He demonstrates how difficult it find set categories describe first-century whose members some way bear taxonomic resemblance early Jews Christians but, other ways, show differences. focuses Part I texts II. spotty, stronger work represented introductions current texts. William Arnal contributes an excellent will serve students well as introduction Q document Two-Source Hypothesis. Warren Carter equally strong chapter Gospel Matthew, very good survey secondary literature late Anthony Saldarini one side Donald Hagner starting point examining extent which such or “Christian Judaism” helpful Matthew’s group. Patrick Hartin, writing James, makes clear what reader, now, has recognized, i.e., terms—Jewish Christian—are simply inappropriate defining goes Second Temple period. John Marshall’s [End Page 255] contribution Apocalypse helps reader appreciate cultural ideological problems plague modern New Testament. Jonathan Draper argues dating Didache can shed light group identity evolved among Syrian followers Jesus, F. Stanley Jones’s piece Pseudo-Clementines case significance Circuits Peter understanding Jesus interacted larger world their time. Other chapters include those Craig Hill, arguments uneven failed convince, Jerry Sumney, who proposed awkward that, while certainly accurate, too unwieldy any sustained use. Both Petri Luomanen’s Nazarenes Raimo Hakola’s Johannine community stumbled identity. If we cannot determine “who Jew?” Christian”? authors attempt use category “Jewish” not reducible limitations each places it. By end, consensus emerges why “Christian” only problematic but often unhelpful sorting out field. Instead, propose picture complex, rich, fluid. ways organizing data allowing fluidity may be most gaining accurate assessment As such, undergraduate graduate seek communities traditionally now labeled Christian,” also methodological debates Azusa... | review | en | Christianity|Judaism|Terminology|Scholarship|Early Christianity|History|Literature|Classics|Religious studies|Philosophy|Art|Archaeology|Law|Linguistics|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0002 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2047226330', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0002', 'mag': '2047226330'} | Syria | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
<i>Jews and Other Differences: The New Jewish Cultural Studies</i> (review) | Deborah Glanzberg-Krainin (https://openalex.org/A5034472315) | 2,000 | 154 SHOFAR Winter 2000 Vol. 18, No.2 Jews and Other Differences: The New Jewish Cultural Studies, edited by Jonathan Boyarin Daniel Boyarin. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. 407 pp. $22.95. issue of"difference" is a popular, yet contentious, topic in number academic discussions. It can be particularly complicated for those us engaged scholarly work, as we attempt to unravel the myriad ofmeanings attached notion ofdifference relation Jewishness, Jews, Judaism(s). In editing andOther have provided compelling example ofthe diverse forms study ofJewish difference-as well ofdifference-might take. work contains rich variety essays which explore these issues from wide range personal perspectives. Many use questions ofJewishness provocative tool address larger regarding identity politics difference. Indeed, difference provides thematic contours book, many focus on gender, sexuality, race, language. For example, Naomi Seidman contributes piece entitled "Lawless Attractions, One Night Stands: Sexual Politics Hebrew-Yiddish Language War." this essay she explores ways cultural constructions gender informed revival spoken Hebrew, social turmoil that surrounded it. She uses popular narratives life Eliezar Ben Yehuda unpack early Zionist assumptions relationship between language gender. Similarly, Ann Pellegrini examines "interarticulation" race construction within imagination fm-de-siecle Christian Europe. considers formulation antisemitic arguments concerning "racial difference" ofJews, attends way formulations were buttressed tropes ofsexual Both exhibit serious playfulness their essays, style shared pieces book. They approach an intricate web desires, quite revealing when carefully explored. Ammiel Alcalay takes similar desires assumptions, but his field ofstudy hits unnervingly close home. Alcalay's critique differences are attended Studies scholars, both Israel United States. addresses Eurocentrism he believes undergirds much especially ofliterature, field. He with discourse marginalizes, ghettoizes, or apologizes experiences contributions Sephardic, Arab, mizrachi Jews-and challenges colleagues reconsider categories developed. decidedly not superficial "political correctness." On contrary, complex, sophisticated analysis ofreading, Book Reviews 155 writing, culture. plays critical role volume actively pushing boundaries studies asking readers think new different ways. suggest could provide function useful Jewishness. frame invitation multi-valanced reinvigorate they want put scholars conversation others whose deals kinds. But argument would been even more powerful had defined greater detail. introduction contained too unexamined difference; claims stronger unpacked. Still, book succeeds drawing attention insights academically rigorous provide. individual written; taken together, riches "the studies" has offer. Deborah Glanzberg-Krainin Temple Women Greco-Roman Palestine, Tal Ilan. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1996. 270 $19.95. Seeking to... | review | en | Judaism|Jewish identity|Sociology|Politics|Hebrew|Jewish culture|Jewish studies|Antisemitism|Media studies|Gender studies|Religious studies|History|Classics|Theology|Law|Political science|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2000.0014 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2074074468', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2000.0014', 'mag': '2074074468'} | Israel|Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Jüdische Kunstmusik im 20. Jahrhundert: Quellenlage, Entstehungsgeschichte, Stilanalysen</i> (review) | Joshua S. Walden (https://openalex.org/A5002365674) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Jüdische Kunstmusik im 20. Jahrhundert: Quellenlage, Entstehungsgeschichte, Stilanalysen Joshua Walden Stilanalysen. Edited by Jascha Nemtsov. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006. Cloth €68. ISBN 3447052937. The year 2008 marks the centennial of founding Society for Jewish Folk Music in St. Petersburg a group composers, performers, and ethnographers music that musicologist Leonid Sabaneev called "Jewish National School" 1924 essay. These musicians shared goals promoting ethnographic study secular religious traditional rural areas urban centers, creating an art style would represent national identity. society lasted only decade half, folding early 1920s due to lack adequate financial support emigration many its most important members face growing anti-Semitism restrictions on culture Russia. During brief existence, however, was hugely influential. It inspired formation satellite groups other similar associations provoked interest throughout Diaspora music. Jahrhundert is based proceedings 2. Potsdamer Tage jüdischer Musik, second series two conferences held Potsdam, Germany 2002 2004. Nemtsov, it brings together collection English German language essays international body scholars, covers broad range subjects relating legacy through twentieth century present day. book divided into five sections. first these combines articles summarize history contents archives' collections manuscripts papers belonging composers Joachim Stutschewsky, Solomon Rosowsky, Lazare Saminsky, father son Grigory Yulian Krejn. provide critical background information scholars who wish view primary sources. Gina Genova's description holdings Saminsky particularly lucid presentation. Genova opens her essay with essential biographical about Saminsky's work as ethnographer, essayist, composer, followed clear outline collection's holdings, descriptions some salient contents. Her provides useful roadmap researchers, alerts readers vital being done Milken Archive American Music, which maintains estates number musicians. section this addresses compositional performance activities half 20th century. What emerges from three nature [End Page 159] musical movement Diaspora. In addition Russia Poland, includes article Neil W. Levin illuminating Palestine Chamber Ensemble, or Zimro. This founded Russian aspired give recitals works alongside canonical Western concert venues around globe, order raise funds build "Temple Art." Zimro performed compositions internationally, Europe, Asia, United States. Its spread awareness associated cause homeland Palestine. book's third offers case studies examine closely individual composers. Section four contains compelling set describe how relates music, discuss influence newly developed methodologies sound recording technologies. Lyudmila Sholokhova informative discussion ethnography between 1898 1914. chief proponents included Joel Engel, Shlomo An-sky, Susman Kiselgof, who, makes clear, viewed the... | review | en | Judaism|Jewish music|Centennial|German|Sacred music|Diaspora|Folk music|Style (visual arts)|Musicology|Art|Emigration|History|Art history|Classics|Sociology|Literature|Jewish studies|Gender studies|Musical|Haskalah|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/jji.0.0030 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2080363310', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jji.0.0030', 'mag': '2080363310'} | Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Jewish Identities |
<i>Kairos</i> and Comics: Reading Human Rights Intercontextually in Joe Sacco’s Graphic Narratives | Rose Anne Brister (https://openalex.org/A5020628118)|Belinda Walzer (https://openalex.org/A5061829330) | 2,013 | Although the graphic narrative genre is increasingly being utilized to represent human rights atrocities in complex ways, scholarship on this topic tends focus analysis of issues historical representation. Therefore, essay contributes conversation a nuanced understanding contextual reading practices discourse by analyzing Joe Sacco’s Palestine (2001) and Footnotes Gaza (2009) through rhetorical concept kairos current theories comics narratology. If draws attention layered contexts operating within narratives as they stake claims for studies focuses spatio-temporal dynamics form, then together these critical approaches can disrupt linear notions time bounded spaces involved denial Palestinians’ property, land, return. Such an approach urgency project even while he questions its efficacy. | article | en | Kairos|Comics|Narrative|Narratology|Human rights|Sociology|Media studies|Scholarship|Rhetorical question|Literature|Aesthetics|Law|Linguistics|Art|Political science|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2013.0032 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2035277118', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2013.0032', 'mag': '2035277118'} | Gaza|Palestine | C144024400|C169437150 | Human rights|Sociology | College Literature |
<i>Kairos</i> moments and prophetic witness: Towards a prophetic ecclesiology | John de Gruchy (https://openalex.org/A5063516049) | 2,016 | The thirtieth anniversary of the publication Kairos Document was celebrated in August 2015. This most radical several theological declarations issued by Christians during struggle against apartheid. Arguing that theology itself had become a site struggle, it rejected ‘state theology’, which gave legitimacy to apartheid, and ‘church theology’ promoted reconciliation without justice as its pre-requisite. Against these, presented ‘prophetic challenge churches response what perceived kairos moment. Since then has inspired global movement social analysis understanding prophetic been adopted variety contexts, notably Kairos-Palestine (2009). In reflecting on significance this movement, I firstly examine meaning ‘prophecy’ arguing is continuity with message Hebrew prophets ministry mission Jesus. Secondly, use term describe historical turning points demand such response. Thirdly, address need for an ecumenical ecclesiology foregrounds responsibility church discern understand those God-given moments history | article | en | Kairos|Ecclesiology|Theology|Philosophy|Witness|Meaning (existential)|Christology|Sociology|Epistemology|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3414 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2508490798', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3414', 'mag': '2508490798'} | Palestine|State of Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Theological Studies/Teologiese Studies |
<i>L. Q. C. Lamar: Pragmatic Patriot</i> (review) | J. P. Harahan (https://openalex.org/A5039541197) | 1,974 | 70CIVIL WAR HISTORY of John R. Baylor and early Confederate military activities in Texas. It is too brief to be thorough biography or history. F. Marszalek, Jr. Mississippi State University L. Q. C. Lamar: Pragmatic Patriot. By James B. Murphy. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana Press, 1973. Pp. 294. $11.95.) Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (1825-1896) was a pivotal figure the reconstruction nation his life career have attracted biographers. In 1935 Wirt Armisted Cate published , Secession Reunion, which, until now, has been standard statesman. Long, laudatory, laced with effusive claims about Lamar's abilities as an original thinker, political theorist, great jurist, Cate's stands DunningBowers school southern historical writing. contrast, Murphy draws much more sober, probably accurate, picture accomplishments. Based on investigation manuscript sources, detailed reading Congressional Record, extensive work newspaper files, Murphy's judgments character are firmly rooted convincing. Thus, he sees "essentially orator propagandist" not "an thinker" (p. 45); politician who combined "statesmanship high order" "bald deception northern people" race question 133); transitional between Sumner eulogy Hayes-Tilden election 1876 which cemented Home Rule 187). appointive offices found "reasonably competent" Secretary Interior 259), but rather weak Associate Justice Supreme Court 264). With these grounded so securely evidence, it peculiar that author's concluding chapter, Epilogue, should contain remarks laudatory man. After tracking subject, evaluating at each stage, final judgement how produced "a synthesis nationalism sectionalism " seems lackluster. importance lies colloquy began midwestern politicians December, 1873 Charles Sumner. Although national debate centered reconciliation recognition federal power, true issues were "Home Rule" white supremacy. success Congress testament pervasiveness racist attitudes among throughout nation, tenacity ideas local government "grassroots" democracy nation. men both parties advocating troop removal restoration "legitimate state governments south. Clearly this transition, precisely BOOK REVIEWS71 why chose role nationalist when did adequately explained account. Within life, particularly years saw suicide father substitution strong willed intellectual, A. Lonstreet, surrogate, there lead psychoanalytic interpretation motivation. The example set by David Donald Coming Civil War (1960) shows inner drives can motivate man's actions just decisively outer forces. But if psycho-history offensive, another way viewing would see him representational within class, perhaps Eugene D. Genovese's seigneurial class. As leader particular class could use, suggests, achieve sectional state-rights ends; conversely evaluated well represented Seen Dr. might revised last word title from "patriot" "paternalist." J. P. Harahan Richmond North Carolina Troops, 1861-1865: A Roster. Volume IV: Infantry. Compiled Weymouth T. Jordan, Unit Histories Louis H. Manarin. (Raleigh: Office Archives History, xv, 687. $12.00.) This fourth twelve projected volumes continues already widely acknowledged finest roster soldiers ever published. is... | review | en | Biography|State (computer science)|Baton rouge|Eulogy|Politics|Law|Public figure|Classics|Religious studies|History|Sociology|Art history|Philosophy|Political science|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1974.0003 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2011065352', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1974.0003', 'mag': '2011065352'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>LRRK2</i> G2019S in the North African Population: A Review | Hani Ts Benamer (https://openalex.org/A5031371145)|Rajith de Silva (https://openalex.org/A5068863988) | 2,010 | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, for which environmental and/or genetic factors are postulated as possible causes. Over the past decade there has been substantial increase in knowledge of genetics PD. Mutations Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) most frequent causes PD, and G2019S mutation identified various ethnic groups with variable frequency. The aim this article to review literature relating LRRK2 North African population, composed two main - Berbers Arabs. frequency 30-41% familial PD 30-39% apparently sporadic Africa. Within healthy controls, Moroccan appear have highest carrier at 3.3%. majority available studies do not draw clear distinction between groups, despite distinct possibility that their ancestral origins different. Further research looking respective prevalences Arabs, different Arab populations, seems justified. | review | en | LRRK2|Ethnic group|Disease|Demography|Population|Ethnic origin|Ethnic chinese|Genetics|Medicine|Geography|Biology|Parkinson's disease|Pathology|Political science|Sociology|Law | https://doi.org/10.1159/000279653 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2019456102', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1159/000279653', 'mag': '2019456102', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20413974'} | Morocco | C144024400 | Sociology | European Neurology|PubMed |
<i>La Grande Italia:The Myth of the Nation in the Twentieth Century</i> (review) | Stanislao G. Pugliese (https://openalex.org/A5037631170) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: La Grande Italia:The Myth of the Nation in Twentieth Century Stanislao G. Pugliese Italia: The Century. By Emilio Gentile. Translated by Suzanne Dingee and Jennifer Pudney [George L. Mosse Series Modern European Cultural Intellectual History.](Madison: University Wisconsin Press. 2009. Pp. xiv, 406. $29.95. paperback. ISBN 978-0-299-22814-9.) Gentile, professor contemporary history at Rome "La Sapienza," is best known to scholars America as an historian fascism. His seminal work, Sacralization Politics Fascist Italy(Cambridge, MA, 1996), forced students alike re-examine reinterpret Mussolini's regime. Here he turns "myth nation" constructing, or rather deconstructing, Italy's last century. original Italian version was published 1997 Mondadori. Press be commended for taking on ambitious most worthy project this translation. With assistance from Ministry Foreign Affairs Institute Chicago, English readers can now examine judge themselves fruits Italy. Gentile employs a Sorelian definition myth "a constellation beliefs, ideas, ideals values combined compacted into symbolic image that arouses individual masses strong conviction, enthusiasm, desire act" (p. xiv). nationalism holds it "any cultural political movement aims assert supremacy nation historical, cultural, entity … identifying itself with fatherland" book opens fiftieth anniversary national unification 1911, moving back nineteenth century Risorgimento founding so-called "Third Italy" (after two previous Italies Caesars popes.) has rounded up extraordinary cast characters who are given chance expound myriad manifestations nation: Cavour Mazzini Calabrian Corrado Alvaro communist Antonio Gramsci. Liberals, socialists, fascists (of various stripes), communists, Catholics all here well represented. Whether all-pervasive argued open debate. While country congratulating 1911 half-century unified nation-state prepared war Ottoman Empire over Libya, millions poor peasants artisans had migrated corners earth. Declining living standards millions—including not just hunger but actual starvation—and banditry leading outright civil were powerful indictments against failed promise [End Page 849]and new nation. In Mezzogiorno (the impoverished South), far more attractive than As demonstrates, inseparable other myths: Rome, history, imperialism, religion, art, prosperity. Some twenty black-and-white illustrations, taken Fry Collection History Culture Wisconsin-Madison Memorial Library, also available online http://specialcollec-tions.library.wisc.edu/exhibits/Fascism/ closes look festivities, if they could called that, centenary unification, 1961.After passing through crucibles fascism, (international civil), "economic boom," consumerism, was, according "Jubilee Simulacrum," "last performance" 337). preface penned October 2005, argues, "There reawakening cult Italy today there today" vii). seems assume good thing; whether is, themselves. Hofstra Copyright © 2009 Catholic Press... | review | en | Mythology|Politics|Nationalism|History|Conviction|Classics|Religious studies|Sociology|Art history|Law|Political science|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0562 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2013801528', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0562', 'mag': '2013801528'} | Libya | C144024400 | Sociology | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>La Rabbia</i> (1963) (review) | Leo Goldsmith (https://openalex.org/A5039849344) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: La Rabbia (1963) Leo Goldsmith (bio) (1963); DVD DISTRIBUTED BY Raro Video, 2011 While the tidy dozen fiction films made by Pier Paolo Pasolini between years of 1961 and his death in 1975 are now widely available on home video—most recently Criterion Collection's Blu-ray edition final film, Salò, or 120 Days Sodom—the filmmaker's nonfiction works remain largely unseen North America. Often taking form companion pieces appunti, "notes," for works, Pasolini's nine documentaries reveal rather more explicitly filmmaker poet's life as a public intellectual postwar Italy, strident left-wing critique country's modernization, complex relationship with Communist Party, often scandalous persona. Video's release two-part compilation film (The Anger), which pairs essay conservative humorist journalist Giovannino Guareschi somewhat forced point-counterpoint format, offers crucial insight into both political climate 1960s Italy important, if unstable, role within it. [End Page 156] The history is itself difficult to parse, but extensive supporting material Raro's edition—including writings filmmakers, essays scholars Guareschi, contemporary reviews, an exhaustive sixty-eight-minute documentary critic Tatti Sanguinetti— useful context about film's tortured production short circulation. Originally, producer Gastone Ferranti, whose Mondo Libero newsreel provides raw much conceived project single feature-length Pasolini. (Guiseppe Bertolucci released eighty-three-minute reconstruction this longer cut 2008 that not included release.) Later, Ferranti decided would be profitable reconfigured sort cinematic debate left- right-wing ideologies, each attempting answer question, "why our dominated discontent, anguish, fear war, war?" Trumped up war ideas two figures opposite sides spectrum, finally proved dissatisfying nearly everyone: its April 1963, critics savaged it, audiences ignored disowned Thereafter was split two, part screened individually, only occasionally, respective partisan groups—leftist rightist— before dropping out circulation entirely. Subsequent screenings black-and-white 16mm print complete were rare until 2005, when rediscovered color negative mislabeled L'Arabia, source edition's restoration. Despite relative coherence concept—not mention Ferranti's aggressive marketing campaign, trailers statements from berating other ideological narrowness—the parts sit awkwardly side mismatched style barely responding one another. Not surprisingly, contribution far poetic, even cryptic, deftly mixing footage 1956 Hungarian counterrevolution, France's occupation Algeria, arrest Patrice Lumumba paintings Jean Fautrier, George Grosz, Renato Guttuso. latter also voice-overs, turn elegiac, exultant, scathing, comment Republican nomination Dwight Eisenhower: "the joy American who feels equal millions Americans love democracy: disease future world." Working legendary editor Nino Baragli, constructed elegant, ideologically slippery, juxtaposed images major events period those subproletarian workers revolutionaries Africa, Middle East, Europe, Latin In way, first half product idiosyncratic Marxism, deep skepticism modernity, outspoken views sexuality exploitation. Beginning... | review | en | Film director|Counterpoint|Context (archaeology)|Art|Persona|Politics|Art history|Communism|Literature|History|Humanities|Movie theater|Law|Political science|Sociology|Pedagogy|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/mov.2012.0013 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2056960598', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mov.2012.0013', 'mag': '2056960598'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | The Moving Image |
<i>Launching Global Health: The Caribbean Odyssey of the Rockefeller Foundation</i> (review) | Mariola Espinosa (https://openalex.org/A5030677749) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Launching Global Health: The Caribbean Odyssey of the Rockefeller Foundation Mariola Espinosa Steven Palmer . Foundation. Conversations in Medicine and Society. Ann Arbor: University Michigan Press, 2010. xi + 301 pp. Ill. $70.00 (978-0-472-07089-3). Foundation's worldwide initiatives public health have long been a topic scholarly investigation, historians paid them particularly intense scrutiny over past two decades—the Archive Center's list works on now runs some twenty pages. Up until now, however, foundation's earliest efforts, its International Health Commission's programs against hookworm Central America Caribbean, not received sustained attention. In Health, has remedied that oversight. As relates, even these first did enter unblazed terrain. medical understanding disease had developed latter half nineteenth century at scientific periphery, Italy, Egypt, Brazil, locations where recent insertion into [End Page 310] global capitalist economy created once dense populations newly disturbed landscapes. Although infection present human around world for millennia, circumstances together provided settings which individual infestations frequently reached such high levels as to be debilitating or fatal. condition drew attention local doctors scientists, various efforts address it were already under way by time arrived scene Costa Rica, Trinidad, British Guiana. addition challenge coming terms with existing officers faced need build—and develop good working relationships with—their staffs: aside from their wives, program directors only Americans sent foundation. This, fact wide latitude pursuit mission, meant social political landscapes profound effects shape each ultimately effectiveness. Guiana relied heavily black East Indian locals fill key positions, although this unfortunately also worked limit programs' influence colonial administration. locations, adapted colonies' diverse distributing pamphlets crafted convey message hygiene while appealing customary storytelling conventions, most intriguingly "The Demons That Turned Worms," was presented supplement traditional cycle Hindi demon stories. played crucial collaborative roles, leading directly expansion fighting providing school and, turn, creation national ministry protection. Local would prove decisive Guatemala well, but very different fashion: sharp ethnic divisions between Spanish-heritage elite came indigenous population insurmountable. marshals an impressive array detail documenting divergent paths four programs, convincingly demonstrating steps toward do fit template top-down, uniform, tightly regimented operations described scholars later campaigns. Indeed limited, restrained, extent is striking contrast ambition eradication followed. Also, racialized views prevention documented elsewhere apparently largely absent cases. made important contribution revealing differences initial forays widely held efforts. process characteristics approach discarded—or whether aspects persisted undercurrent subsequent years—will promising avenue future research origins health. 311] Yale Copyright © 2011 Johns Hopkins Press | review | en | Global health|Foundation (evidence)|Scrutiny|Public health|Political science|Commission|History|Economic history|Library science|Economic growth|Law|Health care|Medicine|Nursing|Computer science|Economics | https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2011.0029 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1987350514', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2011.0029', 'mag': '1987350514'} | Egypt | C138816342|C160735492|C46578552 | Global health|Health care|Public health | Bulletin of the History of Medicine |
<i>Learning to Live Finally: The Last Interview</i> (review) | Alan D. Schrift (https://openalex.org/A5051225045) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Learning to Live Finally: The Last Interview Alan D. Schrift Jacques Derrida. Interview. Brooklyn: Melville House Publishing, 2007. 75 pp. Derrida died, following a long struggle with cancer, on October 9, 2004. Seven weeks earlier, August 19, the French newspaper Le Monde published what would be Derrida’s final interview, under title “Je suis en guerre contre moi-même” (“I am at war myself”). volume review translates that conducted by journalist Jean Birnbaum, prefaced short introduction Birnbaum and followed bibliography, compiled Peter Krapp, of English translations texts essays. [End Page 333] Among topics discussed in interview are relation language (his “violence” towards it, his love feeling—as both Algerian Jew—a foreigner it), which he summarizes as “unfaithful fidelity” it; identification Europe even criticizes certain Eurocentrism (deconstruction “is European,” product Europe, itself,” but it is so sense which, “since time Enlightenment, has undertaken perpetual self-critique” [44–45]); future university between truth, power; cosmopolitanism, American hegemony, views “Europe”; thoughts history philosophy, marriage (in context “same sex marriage” vs. civil unions), willingness, contexts, identify Jew (“we Jews”). main theme opens closes question survival: means survive, live on, after one dead. This allows reflect fact perhaps last generation philosophers (Foucault, Deleuze, Lyotard, also Althusser, Barthes, Lacan, Levinas, Blanchot, Kofman, Bourdieu), excited inspired readers for almost half century. It him confront fact, does several occasions illness will not allow survive much longer already lived death each sent writings into world: “Each I let something go, some trace leaves me, ‘proceeds’ from unable reappropriated, my writing” (33). is, course, structure trace, animated basic insights grammatology, analyses writing, iterability, presence absence, been forefront work earliest therefore surprising ends thought survival trace. In response Birnbaum’s (“might deconstruction considered an interminable ethics survivor?”), once again returns highlighting this its futural affirmative nature: insofar “survival originary concept constitutes very we call existence, Dasein, structurally survivors, marked testament” (51). But, hastens add, wants draw attention survived—death past—but itself survives: life future. “Deconstruction always side yes, affirmation . [M]y discourse death, but, contrary, living being who prefers thus surviving because simply remains most intense possible” (51–52). 334] Readers familiar eulogistic works—Memoires: For Paul de Man essays collected Work Mourning—will surprised sensitivity thoughtfulness characterizes comments interview. Nor Mourning sensitive, careful, empathic translation Pascale... | review | en | Relation (database)|Context (archaeology)|Deconstruction (building)|Enlightenment|Lyrics|ROWE|Eurocentrism|Art history|Hegemony|Spanish Civil War|History|Sociology|Classics|Art|Literature|Philosophy|Law|Politics|Political science|Theology|Anthropology|Ecology|Archaeology|Marketing|Database|Biology|Computer science|Business | https://doi.org/10.1353/sym.0.0080 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2018901681', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sym.0.0080', 'mag': '2018901681'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Symplokē |
<i>Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook: Experience and Identity</i> (review) | Glenn R. Sharfman (https://openalex.org/A5030704622) | 1,997 | 116 SHOFAR Winter 1998 Vol. 16, No.2 Overall, this work is a major accomplishment, which includes thorough bibliography ofrelevant citations. Andrew B. Wertheimer Woodman Astronomical Library University ofWisconsin, Madison Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook: Experience and Identity, edited by John Grenville Julius Carlebach. Volume XLI. London: Seeker Warburg, 1996. 518 pp.£27.00. Seventeen scholars from several different countries have contributed to the forty-fIrst volume ofthe Yearbook. This yearbook broken into six disparate sections that cover everything Haskalah Jewish life in Breslau under Nazis. Many articles, regardless specifIc theme, take up argument Gershom Scholem put forth 1962 denying there has ever been German-Jewish symbiosis because, as he it, it takes two dialogue. The Israeli historian Evyatar Friese! invokes very question his piece on encounter historical problem. "Contemporary Jewry experiences all results spiritual cultural integration Gentile society," author asserts, "a process German period was ofoutstanding importance" (p. 275). Judging Friesel most of essays here, wrong. year's contributions, well others past volumes, are fIlled with influence Jews had culture; filled culture Jews, so for many became intertwined twentieth century. Peter Pulzer, essay "Jews nation-building Germany," briefly chronicles who were active both revolutionary national movements, noting their participation remarkable given small percentage ofJews Germany 214). He inquires whether anything distinctly about presence answers yes no--hence dilemma any study Jews. On one hand, Pulzer intones, nothing "was said or done ... could not nonJew ." Yet, then posits because sheer numbers needs grapple issue ofwhy these movements. Even areas traditionally viewed un-Jewish-like artisanship-it now seems more numerous than first thought. In her interesting artisans Berlin, Uta Lohmann doubts claim Handwerk can be dismissed peripheral element society 117). Interestingly, fmds while antisemitism obstructed growth vibrant artisan group, also ascertains community showed no interest supporting trades equated Book Reviews II7 decline social rank; despite some organizations, at least theory, championing diversifying occupations. Steven Beller, analyzing identity Austrian concludes saying "Austrian thus Germans Austrians, but remained Jews" 238). A scholar Portugal, Manual Duarte de Oliveira, reaches similar conclusion Martin Buber showing how closely Buber's ideas connected Fichte romantic notion Volk. And Jacques Kornberg shows liberal Austrians defended against organizing Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus. end, organization failed "hopelessly tied political ship sinking" 179). Yet espoused values antithetical line Enlightenment. No doubt took comfort non-Jewish liberals went such lengths defend them. Likewise, Jacob Bornt fUr jiidische Geschichte und Literatur saw contradiction between Deutschtum Judentum. writes reason group's popularity provided ammunition basic identification Judaism, culture, history way contradicted bourgeoisie 113). For majority ofJews, including Zionists, before advent ofNazism little problem being even ifthat duality denied antisemites. organization... | review | en | Yearbook|German|Theme (computing)|Judaism|Jewish identity|Classics|History|Identity (music)|Nazism|Jewish studies|Religious studies|Sociology|Theology|Philosophy|Art|Aesthetics|Computer science|Archaeology|Visual arts|Operating system | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1997.0110 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2129733738', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1997.0110', 'mag': '2129733738'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Letters</i> (review) | Cornelia B. Horn (https://openalex.org/A5062178310) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Letters Cornelia B. Horn Barsanuphius and John. Letters. Volume 1/2 Translated by John Chryssavgis The Fathers of the Church 113/114. Washington, DC: Catholic University America, 2006/2007. Pp. xv/xv + 344/346. past decade has seen a remarkable growth scholarly interest in Gaza area during early late ancient Christian times. A good number monographs (e.g., Chryssavgis, 2000; Steppa, 2002; Hevelone-Harper, 2005; Horn, 2006; Bitton-Ashkelony Kofsky, 2006), edited volumes 2004) as well editions and/or translations primary sources Neyt, de Angelis-Noah, Regnault, 1997–2002 [SC 268 is not considered bibliography]; 2003) have appeared relatively brief succession one another. Discoveries new manuscript witnesses to significant authors like Procopius rhetorical school (Schamp Amato, forthcoming) raise one’s hopes that further study can be expected for too distant future. Such an abundance tools resources contributes towards sustaining Christianity Palestine exciting field inquiry. Chryssavgis’s two-volume publication first complete English translation sixth-century correspondence two leading ascetics, John, offers appropriate timely contribution this larger enterprise. short but handy bibliography stands at head each volumes. 1 introduction corpus, which suffices orienting non-specialist reader with regard questions monasticism time, persons letters, i.e., authorship, arrangement (Chryssavgis sees Dorotheus editor corpus), basic content influences upon letter writers, aspects Nachleben influence their compositions on others, and, finally, overview manuscripts, editions, translation. Without doubt information provided useful. Yet given considerable size collection more fully developed discussion especially prime location Palestinian asceticism sixth century its relationship Judaean Desert would been desirable. lack engagement work Kofsky Palestine, region specifically, comes surprise. contains welcome variation nearly 850 letters laypeople, ecclesiastical leaders. While evidence presence women ascetics available preceding century, Barsanuphius’s John’s cover over silence almost any mention women, both among laity monks. Nevertheless, researcher otherwise interested reader, letters’ treasure trove inquires into wide range topics. Certainly, allow organized monasticism, ascetic leadership, human divine authority, spirituality. [End Page 274] they also offer rich details mundane fields inquiry private social life Gaza, including dream interpretation, health sickness, marriage, death, family household duties, economic conditions, insights slavery, penitential practices, charity poverty, relationships between Christians non-Christians (both Jews adherents Greco-Roman religion), merely single out few areas are represented. Each volume followed three indices names places, subjects key words, Holy Scripture relate text covered respective volume. In large part Greek based follows recent Sources chrétiennes edition. consulted manuscripts directly, Bodleian Cromwell 18 (B) kept Oxford Athonite MS Vatopedi 2, he availed himself edition produced Nikodemus Mt. Athos basis several from Mountain. Thus via presented here gains access differs slightly now standard by... | review | en | French horn|Palestine|Classics|Rhetorical question|History|Early Christianity|Art|Literature|Ancient history|Sociology|Pedagogy | https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0015 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4239665101', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0015'} | Gaza|Palestine | C111936747|C144024400 | Early Christianity|Sociology | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
<i>Letters</i> (review) | Jennifer L. Hevelone‐Harper (https://openalex.org/A5014584021) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Letters Jennifer L. Hevelone-Harper (bio) Letters, vol. 2. By Barsanuphius and John. Translated edited by John Chryssavgis.Fathers of the Church, v. 113-114. Washington, DC: Catholic University America Press, 2006-2007. 346 pp. $39.95 Interest in desert fathers has recent years experienced an astonishing resurgence. The avid audience for their spiritual wisdom grown beyond patristics scholars clergy to include lay Christians thirsty direction authentic vision Kingdom God. Readers recognize value perspective, which challenges both modernist postmodernist assumptions our society. We resonate refrain, "Give me a word, Abba," followed gem discernment distilled austere setting wilderness rife with temptations, demonic human form one's bothersome neighbor. However, it is very simplicity apparent timelessness pearls Sayings Desert Fathers that can be misleading today. teaching was not abstract removed from experience. Rather responses were worked out midst genuine searching failure. Real men women struggled live lives prayer ascetic discipline communal monasteries more isolated anchoritic cells. needs disciples efforts played actual relationships, merely didactic anecdotes on page. process as unfolded late antiquity, its false starts, pitfalls, transformative potential finally accessible modern reader, letters Gaza, translated now into English Fr. Chryssavgis. Old Men sixth-century holy who resided outside bustling metropolis linked Palestine Egypt, reveal transparent honesty ins outs discipleship practiced only few generations first monks Egypt. Their detail struggles, flaws, hard-won triumphs monastic, clerical, disciples, emphasizing pervasiveness sin infinite mercy "We are allowed witness each painful stages unfolding slow motion. What might normally have taken place face-to-face level recorded writing, all mutual exchange personal relationship" (I.12). 850 Gaza time entirety Greek. This work builds Chryssavgis' earlier translation selected letters, Desert: A Selection Questions Responses (St. Vladimir's Seminary 2003) ample introduction theology Men. new supersedes other partial collections based upon Russian translations John's correspondence. Drawing critical edition correspondence (Sources chrétiennes: 426-27, 450-51, 1997-2001) his own study extant manuscripts, Chryssavgis produced lucid underutilized text. came He colleague lived cells near monastery Abbot Seridos, village Tawatha, just miles Gaza. They adopted strict seclusion, they spoke no one face face, except single disciple served connection world. does mean [End Page 97] inaccessible men. Indeed, physical isolation them necessary conduct extensive wide range addressed questions anchorites written form. Among those petitioned counsel (including bishops patriarch), at every askesis, large number people. compiled monk soon after death withdrawal Barsanuphius. compiler introduced Men's short... | review | en | Discernment|Asceticism|Desert (philosophy)|Prayer|Religious studies|Contemplation|Value (mathematics)|History|Environmental ethics|Sociology|Philosophy|Theology|Epistemology|Machine learning|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/scs.0.0002 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4236642252', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/scs.0.0002'} | Egypt|Gaza|Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Spiritus |
<i>Lieux de mémoire juive</i>: Francine Christophe's <i>Après les camps, la vie</i> and Marceline Loridan-Ivens's <i>La Petite Prairie aux bouleaux</i> | Lucille Cairns (https://openalex.org/A5020032402) | 2,011 | Lieux de mémoire juive:Francine Christophe's Après les camps, la vie and Marceline Loridan-Ivens's La Petite Prairie aux bouleaux Lucille Cairns This article is inspired by Pierre Nora's foundational concept of lieux mémoire. multi-volume edited work the same name inventories places, or sites, in which national memory heritage embodied: material but also abstract intellectually constructed places.1 focus was on France; mine will be those French-speaking Jewry. choice apposite for a volume devoted to space place, since history Jews eighth century BCE has been one spatial dispersal from spiritual homeland Israel. The two primary texts treated below are both works Jewish women this diaspora who survived deportation Nazi concentration death decided many years later (re)visit them. first text Francine (2001), book combining autobiography testimony.2 second text, examined at greater length, film, (2003).3 I investigate these women's negotiations with along their memorial investments. (There now substantial body theoretical writing good overview provided Phil Hubbard's, Rob Kitchin's Gill Valentine's Key Thinkers Space Place (2004). While meanings place obviously cognate, purposes distinguish 'place' as specifically named instance 'space.' In concur observation: "place emerges particular form space, that created through acts naming well distinctive activities imaginings associated social spaces.")4 Exegeses informed insights Jacques Derrida,5 Martin Heidegger, Sarah Kofman. As its title suggests, recounts life author after camps. April 1945, twelve-year-old liberated Bergen-Belsen, she had deported age nine. evocative power names evident. For author, certain [End Page 139] such Cimiez, Amiens, Clisson ineluctably recall war. Her engenders topography memory, illustrating how memories spatially situated connotations can invested, albeit arbitrarily, specific places. following passage exemplifies mnemonics. bold font place-names fulfils wish non-professional writer emphasize bear witness painful wartime overwritten: première permission détente papa, retour l'Est, amaigri et figure défaite. Mais il est là! mon père retraite, ville bombardée, cathédrale debout au milieu des ruines. […] Clisson, jolie petite ville. On y regroupé tous officiers l'Armée Française avec interdiction bouger, même s'ils voient l'ennemi! Et cet ennemi fait prisonniers. St Nazaire, pour moi, c'est le paquebot plein à craquer blessés, qui évacue vers l'An-gleterre. Baule, l'exode, l'entrée Allemands, sur leurs motos reluisantes. se tait. Loiret, ce joli département me force penser camps Pithiviers Beaune-la-Rolande avant son miel blond crémeux. Rochefoucauld, m'arrête. Angoulême, m'emprisonne, Poitiers, m'interne, une litanie. Drancy. C'est vrai, porte nom! maquis l'Ain, Vendée, Mayenne, de, de… faudrait enseigner comme pratiquait jadis départements! L'Alsace… Je viens dire, chaque fois que je franchissais la... | article | fr | Deportation|Art|Diaspora|Humanities|Homeland|Judaism|Art history|Nazism|History|Sociology|Politics|Archaeology|Gender studies|Law|German|Immigration|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/esp.2011.0006 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2015031219', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/esp.2011.0006', 'mag': '2015031219'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | L'Esprit Créateur |
<i>Louis D. Brandeis: A Life</i> (review) | Stephen J. Whitfield (https://openalex.org/A5012246649) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Louis D. Brandeis: A Life Abraham J. Gafni (bio) Life. By Melvin I. Urofsky. New York: Pantheon Books, 2009, xiii + 953 pp. For almost five decades Urofsky has been studying what he characterizes as the four successful careers of Justice Brandeis, a lawyer, reformer, justice and Zionist leader. Now, in biography more than 900 pages, set forth Brandeis’ activities achievements each these roles reveals learned about man: who was, thought why acted did. acknowledges that it is difficult to know Brandeis beyond his public statements actions because was not an introspective man. He neither confided innermost thoughts diary nor revealed them numerous letters which survive. shared little inner feelings left impression one unfeeling two-dimensional. Nonetheless, contends, reveal him pragmatic idealist only had deep faith America’s democratic society but also felt compelled act so beliefs might be realized. This conviction reflected many areas, including opposition big government large corporate mergers, support rights laborers, women or oppressed, promotion savings bank life insurance Nowhere this idealism apparent Urofsky’s consideration first questions individual never closely connected with Jewish religion, whose contributions charities were nominal, should have become such committed Zionist. notes 1905, at event commemorating 250th anniversary landing Jews Amsterdam, Brandeis’s speech fears some [End Page 105] impact Eastern European immigration on status already resident United States. In particular, leaders established community concerned movement would raise charges dual loyalty. sought alleviate those concerns by insisting new arrivals required abandon all prior loyalties country, caste live according American ideals participate actively knowledgeably government. However, believed expressed America essentially over two thousand years earlier values. 1914 assumed leadership movement, notwithstanding opinion adherence Zionism conflicted total undivided commitment America. analyzes rejects several theories put explain transformation. finds unpersuasive notion seeking bid for confirmation Supreme Court, particularly light rising nativism country time. similarly discounts assertion reacting mild antisemitism encountered years, there no evidence suffered immediately preceding ever reason join movement. Rather, concludes, stemmed great part from belief ages Jefferson Jackson. fighting against business stifling competition undermined caused much social economic inequity poor oppressed. Palestine, envisioned could recreate Jeffersonian ideal without curse bigness. Moreover, concluded Americanism (which equated Judaism) same ethical values democracy justice, claim loyalty undercut. Multiple loyalties, spoken, objectionable if they inconsistent, supporting free Zionists were, effect, proving their To question how reconciled with... | review | en | Democracy|Economic Justice|Law|Sociology|Faith|Introspection|Idealism|Political science|Philosophy|Theology|Politics|Epistemology | https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2010.0006 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1966480315', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2010.0006', 'mag': '1966480315'} | Palestine | C139621336|C144024400 | Economic Justice|Sociology | American Jewish History |
<i>Mad as Hell: The Life and Work of Paddy Chayefsky</i> (review) | Kristine Holtvedt (https://openalex.org/A5000443481) | 1,996 | 210 SHOFAR Spring 1996 Vol. 14, No.3 the German post-war generation, yet direction taken can influence future course of history. For decades after World War II, most therapists ofHolocaust survivors were loath to delve into wartime experience their patients, a phenomenon which has been referred as vicarious traumatization, namely defense against being overwhelmed by patient's painful recall. With advent time and survivors' children coming attention with unique problems, was also increasingly directed at parents' Holocaust-related psychodynamics. This translated work is testimony reemergence psychoanalysis in Germany attempt encouraging enlarge understanding post-traumatic stress senSitizing them Holocaust intergenerational trauma contagion. Given mass killings characterize modern age, rehabilitative efforts afflicted populations must take account transmission theory this volume elaborates. Werner Israel Halpern, M.D. Rochester, New York Mad Hell: The Life Work Paddy Chayefsky, Shaun Considine. York: Random House, 1994. 426 pp. $25.00. Cbayefsky details personal life professional history one successful American writers latter half twentieth century. Chayefsky born Sidney Aaron Bronx, York, on January 29, 1923. He achieved enormous success writer working three media, creating teleplays during heyday "Golden Years" television, writing for legitimate theater Broadway, immensely screenplays Hollywood. only have earned Academy Awards Original Screenplays: Marty, Hospital, Network. Driven, temperamental, passionate, inspired, lived tumultuous dictated vivid artistic vision dominated an inner rage overwhelming need control every aspect production his work. Paradoxically, he shy, sensitive, gentle man. Considine explores idea that suffered from split, or fragmented, personality, although biography neither clinical exploration nor evaluation dual personalities, Book Reviews 211 author uses thread through-line narrative Chayefsky's It's fascinating thesis. brash, charming, aggressive, extroverted, ambitious "Paddy" masked artistic, lonely, decent, vulnerable "Sidney." How "Sidney" came be known makes story tale about firstgeneration Russian Jew who became icon culture. parents, Harry Gussie, escaped tumult terror Russia, emigrating America 1907 1909, respectively. Sidney, third son, precocious child, inherited Gussie's innate intellectual curiosity love literature father's humor theatrical talent. imagination fed cultural diversity Bronx 1930s, where Irish Italians Jews both Russia Poland formed basis characters created plays. title character Italian butcher, rang true because grew up young men like him, sharing food, playing baseball seeking boyhood adventures them. set Broadway play, Tenth Man, storefront synagogue very attended Tibbetts Avenue bar mitzvahed. Many central are "autobiographical" sense experienced something indignities yearnings wrote. As man, sensitivity insecurities humor, bravura, arrogance. However, it service II extroverted self "Paddy." When awakened 5 a.m. Sunday serve kitchen duty, asked excused attend Mass. His duty officer replied, "Yesterday you Jewish." "Yes," acknowledged, "but my mother Irish." "OK, Paddy," said, unknowingly baptized... | review | en | German|The Holocaust|Psychodynamics|Phenomenon|Psychoanalysis|World War II|Psychology|Sociology|History|Law|Political science|Philosophy|Epistemology|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1996.0011 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1994842333', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1996.0011', 'mag': '1994842333'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Making the Scene: A History of Stage Design and Technology in Europe and the United States</i> (review) | Van Santvoord (https://openalex.org/A5000834908) | 2,011 | { 155 } BOOK REV IEwS Feldman. The relation of none them to Beckett is characterized by excessive respect awe, and that a [sic] good for the future Beckett’s work” (123). Frank McGuinness’s Someone Who’ll Watch Over Me reconsidered within America during post-9/11 Iraq War era Claire Gleitman in “Another Look at Those ‘Three Bollocks Cell.’” In process, she questions recent American productions have sought triumphant human spirit amid play’s three Western characters held captive (indefinitely) Middle Eastern captors. As concludes, play reveals “we are still shackled history we did not start but perpetuate” (137). In“Faith Healer New York Dublin,”Nicholas Grene tackles “complicated business [of] trying find out truth about theatre” (146). astutely endeavors unravel, contradictory perceptions, reasons why Brian Friel’s Faith failed 1979 triumphed year later Dublin. anthology does suffer from some copyediting problems, as inclusion “a” above quote Harrington, contradicting statements found on pages 141 143. former, told Ed Flanders left cast before Baltimore tryout opening, latter page includes commentary reviews Flanders’s acting production. question actually discussed Donal Donnelly, who had replaced Flanders. Despite these minor Irish Theatre contributes favorably field theatrical diaspora. Exploring role nature drama America—whether imported Ireland or composed experience—is crucialtotheoverallunderstandingof Irishdrama. Diaspora, colonialism world immediate communication, demands this understanding, work an important step. —NElSON O’CEAllAIGH RITSCHEl Massachusetts Maritime Academy \ Making Scene: A History Stage Design Technology Europe United States. By Oscar Brockett, Margaret Mitchell, Linda Hardberger. San Antonio, Tex.: Tobin Arts Fund, 2010. xi + 365 pp. $85.00 cloth. During lifetime collecting theatre art designs, devoted patron arts Robert L. B. amassed extensive collection engravings, illus- 156 trated texts, sketches, renderings, models. Ten years making, Mak ing States uses his impetus comprehensive overview scenic design ancient Greece present. It only part Tobin’s rich legacy most welcome addition field. Writing chores shared trio. venerable author Theatre, takes care historical aspects, while professor practicing designer, handles technical side. Hardberger, founding curator Collection, acts editor writes insightful public’s relationship each period. soon I sat down with book was enthralled. It’s class act title page. glossy presentation pulled me in, myself reading familiar information renewed sense wonder. There may be any Dead Sea Scrolls here, old friends look better. photography excellent. Images seem leap off improved contrast clarity color. seen countless reproductions Giovanni Giorgi etchings Torelli’s designs Bellerofonte, hand-colored examples, arranged chronological order across two pages, revelation. generous size helps. especially comforting those us often browse oversize shelves bookstores libraries. Little known scene painting perspective Greek Roman , authors offer succinct descriptions possible precursors Renaissance methods. operative word here “possible.” account, whole, writers... | review | en | Faith|History|Relation (database)|Art history|Art|Classics|Law|Sociology|Media studies|Political science|Theology|Philosophy|Database|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/ths.2011.0010 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2010606699', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ths.2011.0010', 'mag': '2010606699'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Theatre History Studies |
<i>Manele</i>, symbolic geography and music cosmopolitanism in Romania | Ruxandra Trandafoiu (https://openalex.org/A5022054102) | 2,018 | 'Manele' has become the most successful Romanian music genre to emerge after 1989. Combining Southern Balkan, Turkish and Middle Eastern sounds, but also Euro-American pop hip-hop influences sung by mainly Roma musicians, manele are a symbol of transition democracy, with its re-examination social cultural values refashioning national identities ethnic hierarchies. This article investigates whether this hybrid musical potential connect larger transnational network and, in so doing, offer path towards fairer representation equality opportunity for new cosmopolitan engagements. This, I argue, would benefit an minority whom more traditional paths empowerment seem remain closed. To end, explore media public debates conduct analyses video clips show how challenges both Eurocentrism localism could be seen as sign democratization those culturally ethnically marginalized force their way out subaltern position. | article | en | Cosmopolitanism|Gender studies|Sociology|Localism|Universalization|Subaltern|Ethnic group|Popular music|Media studies|Political science|Anthropology|Art|Literature|Politics|Social psychology|Psychology|Law | https://doi.org/10.1558/pomh.36189 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2783857887', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1558/pomh.36189', 'mag': '2783857887'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Popular Music History|Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University)|Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) |
<i>Mass Atrocity, Collective Memory, and the Law</i> (review) | Edward T. Linenthal (https://openalex.org/A5075824007) | 1,999 | Book Reviews 149 On the general subject of collaboration, Cocks discusses briefly work German psychologist Regine Lockot, whose ownw~rk on Goring Institute appeared at same time as his original book (Lockot was a psychoanalytic candidate that time). If anyone person deserves recognition for arguing unambiguously psychoanalysts and psychotherapists in Third Reich compromised their intellectual moral ideas, it is Lockot her pioneering probing book, Erinnern und Durcharbeiten (Remember Work Through) (Fischer, 1985). Cocks's revised more thoughtful much weightier than book. He openly considers culpability ofthe members Institute. But he does so way sometimes leaves unclear what actually thinks. Struggling to be fair complex situation, often obsesses point muddy conclusions. perhaps dilemmas are those us all we strive make sense human behavior under malignant conditions. Let me conclude by placing historiographical setting. When Psychotherapy originally published, books about collusion collaboration populace with regime Nazi Germany were first flush. Until 1980s, few exceptions, historical literature had emphasized Hitler's Party's forcible hold people who, seemed, obeyed primarily because they no choice. Today, publications do otherwise. In every area being studied, argued Germans bed Nazis. Daniel Goldhagen's controversial Willing Executioners (Knopf, 1996) fits this 90s geme. Hannah S. Decker Department History University Houston Mass Atrocity, Collective Memory, Law, Mark Osiel. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1997. 317 pp. $34.95. Can criminal trials not only establish individuals implicated genocidal situations-what Osiel calls "administrative massacre"-but also influence collective memory ofa wounded culture? such function legal event, morality play, public spectacle-"monumental didactics"-or will hopes highly publicized inevitably lead perversions justice memory? Ranging over case studies from Argentina, Japan, Germany, Israel, maintains sturdy belief can contribute significant revisions cultures struggling meaning horrors. come convictions easily, however, recognizes series ofdilemmas difficult 150 SHOFAR Winter 1999 Vol. 17, No.2 way, greater part an analysis these dilemmas. argues when spectacle, may, potentially, "stimulate discussion ways foster liberal virtues toleration, moderation civil respect" (p. 2). societies deeply conflicted events, inconceivable, believes, either draw or persuasively shape kind social solidarity dreamed ofby Durkheim. Rather, serve models "dissensus"; consequently courtroom becomes place where law "advance ventilating addressing disagreement, rather concealing it-by acknowledging confronting interpretive controversy, suppressing it" 283). The shaping nation's through made (1) defendant's rights may sacrificed larger lesson; (2) distort past; (3) framed too narrowly broadly; (4) ask nations repentance possible; (5) even most carefully planned trial unexpected ways; (6) ifcollective deliberately shaped, done awareness narrative choices made? Such are, after all, volatile spectacles, shaped prosecutors plays defense attorneys tragedies. It occasion mourning, "horrific consequences illiberal vices" 67) displayed and, conversely, reaffirmed. not, have... | review | en | Nazism|German|Law|Psychoanalysis|Nazi Germany|Subject (documents)|Sociology|Culpability|Psychology|Philosophy|Politics|Political science|Linguistics|Library science|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1999.0023 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1998563149', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1999.0023', 'mag': '1998563149'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Memory, Empire and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism</i> (review) | Sarah E. Mosher (https://openalex.org/A5009092920) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Memory, Empire and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism Sarah E. Mosher Hargreaves, Alec G. Colonialism. Oxford: Lexington Books, 2005. Pp. viii + 250. ISBN: 0-7391-0821-2 Edited by Empire, seeks to analyze unravel the complex relationship that exists between past present cultural memory, identity, national politics in postcolonial [End Page 158] era twentieth twenty-first centuries. In theoretical introduction, Hargreaves reminds us prior Second World War, empire was second size strength only Great Britain. Divided into three thematic sections, brings together expertise insight fourteen diverse scholars explore intricate colonialism formation a society's collective historical memory. One volume's key strengths lies wide geographic scope addressed various chapters contributors. Rather than focusing on one particular colonized region globe or period, this work includes discussions former Indochina, Africa, Caribbean, North America, immigration France order represent aggregate colonial legacy as it influences present-day forms representations. Anchored within framework ethos Pierre Nora's ground breaking, multi-volume work, Les Lieux de mémoire, each chapter discusses memory amnesia. The four Part I, America examine slavery, Haitian Revolution, Acadians, theme globalization. Paintings, statues, sculptures Martinique Guadeloupe important realms portray slaves strong survivors who ultimately achieved their own liberation from chains past. Haiti's slave revolt, led Toussaint l'Ouverture, is perhaps most powerful example reversal iconic victim imagery often found western II, Africa Asia, focuses nostalgia evoked cinematic literary representations colonies Asia Africa. At same time, atrocities human rights violations such wide-spread use torture during Algerian War have been systematically forgotten pushed periphery France's final segment, Postcolonial Migration, pluralism, multiculturalism, identity twenty first century with emphasis movement first-generation immigrants Northern urban industrialized regions years following end War. emergence generation, referred les Beurs, resulted plethora works, films, other art which French-born children African descent reinforce unique while announcing establishment third social space borders Hexagon. Their presence France, coupled intense desire integrate mainstream society, serve painful reminders trauma disintegration empire. I highly recommend book students whose research colonization, immigration, addition, volume will be equally beneficial individuals studying torture, numerous are direct result empires. 159] University Dakota Copyright © 2011 Nebraska Press | review | en | Colonialism|Empire|Postcolonialism (international relations)|Politics|History|Collective memory|Homeland|Media studies|Sociology|Gender studies|Political science|Ancient history|Law|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2011.0043 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2026620088', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2011.0043', 'mag': '2026620088'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Nineteenth-century French Studies |
<i>Memory, History, and the Extermination of the Jews of Europe</i> (review) | Robert Melson (https://openalex.org/A5004263492) | 1,995 | 100 SHOFAR Winter 1995 Vol. 13, No.2 arguments-about the dejudaicization of Holocaust, or liberalism and liberal Judaism, for example-the book would have been more valuable. Striking in a which traces so many contemporaryJewish figures, movements, issues, events is absence women, both as thinkers subject matter. Aside from utilizing controversy over ordination women rabbis to illustrate divisiveness among branches Berenbaum's overview contemporary Jewish life thought American takes no note profusion ofJewish theologians, rabbis, scholars, ways they continue challenge reshape Judaism reflect back on past. As Berenbaum writes it, remains male discourse. clearly outlines predominant theological historical approaches making complicated occupied decades accessible larger public. One can learn each these approaches, respectful assessment his colleagues implies; essays enable readers treat different interpretations complementary, rather than competing. Sara R. Horowitz Director, Studies Program University Delaware Memory, History, Extermination Jews Europe, by Saul Friedlander. Bloomington: Indiana Press, 1993. 142 pp. $24.95. The Shoah, Nazi attempt exterminate European Jews, an event past whose meaning significance continues elude us. Although thousands books articles written about notes Friedlander, "the catastrophe Jewry has not incorporated into any compelling framework public consciousness, either within world Western cultural scene general" (p. 43). author distinguished Israeli historian who divides time teaching at Tel-Aviv California los Angeles. Earlier career he published Holocaust itself, but recent years concern shifted themselves how Shoah being interpreted, commemorated, denied. His method examine responses ofvarious publics including historians, writers, film Book Reviews 101 makers, other producers, especially those are Israelis, Germans. present work divided introduction seven chapters. Three deal specifically with Historikerstreit, German historians' Final Solution its place history. four chapters address problem general perspective. Thus, example, after war Israel destruction came be understood context "Catastrophe Redemption ." From this perspective was latest long sequence massacres ofJews diaspora, while birth ofIsrael cast redemption such cruel fate. This earlier view shared Jewry, constructed post-war identity tragedy triumph Israel, well success assimilating culture. Following Yom Kippur rise Likud power subtle significant shift occurred identity, regard Shoah. Under Ben-Gurion Israelis were brave pioneers had transcended thegalut fate their kin Europe. Begin, however, recast victims once more, surrounded implacable Arab enemies resemble Nazis, viewed better-armed Warsaw ghetto. On closer examination, it should apparent, neither theme Redemption" nor "Catastrophe-Redemption-Potential Catastrophe" does justice historicity itself. According historians done much better: "The 'Final Solution' epoch yet found historian; cannot reduced mere technical issue" 129). two-fold. It lies incapacity empathetically understand motivations killers inability survivors adequately describe experiences, camps... | review | en | The Holocaust|Judaism|Nazism|Meaning (existential)|Aside|History|Religious studies|Classics|Theology|Philosophy|Sociology|Literature|Law|Politics|Art|Political science|Epistemology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1995.0002 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086985326', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1995.0002', 'mag': '2086985326'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Monterrey Is Ours! The Mexican War Letters of Lieutenant Dana, 1845-1847</i> (review) | Willard Carl Klunder (https://openalex.org/A5002855922) | 1,991 | 166civil war history Monterrey Is Ours! The Mexican War Letters ofLieutenant Dana, 18451847 . Edited by Robert H. Ferrell. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990. Pp. xv, 218. $29.00.) Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana was aptly named. son an artillery officer, born at army post in 1822 and graduated from West Point twenty years later. He commissioned a second lieutenant the 7th Infantry, 1844 married Susan Lewis Martin Sandford. As did so many elder generation which served Civil War, received his baptism fire during conflict with Mexico. took part defense Fort Brown outbreak hostilities, participated battle for Monterrey, siege Veracruz, action Cerro Gordo. severely wounded assault on Telegraph Hill, returned home after recuperating left 1855 became partner banking concern St. Paul, serving as brigadier general state militia. After fall Sumter, he appointed colonel 1st Minnesota Infantry volunteers fought Ball's Bluff. commanded brigade John Sedgwick's division Second Corps Peninsular campaign, again seriously Antietam. rose to rank major but not engage active field service remainder war. successful businessman following retirement 1865, deputy commissioner pensions late 1890s. died 1905. This edition is culled more than one hundred letters "beloved, sweet little Sue" that wrote being posted Texas border summer 1845. During first few months banks Nueces, chief danger American "army occupation" (2) came their foes accidents. One such incident, explosion boiler aboard supply steamer Galveston, killed seven soldiers. beautifully captured romanticism time description military internment: "The beating waves Corpus Christi Bay murmur river shall make long, long requiem, will sing its strains tears those who love cease flow. There, Mexico, lie have fallen" (12). Other prevalent antebellum traits embodied included ethnocentrism fierce sense nationalism, both are evident contempt treated people. enemy troops were cowardly treacherous, women "the most revolting, forbidding, disgusting creatures world, even excepting our own Indians" (181). "señoritas do wear drawers, when wind blows right there no telling how much might see" (90), emphasized would look upon them "naked just same feeling I book reviews167 see oranutan" (144). Sue must taken cold comfort thoughts. Even Texans viewed suspicion Dana; majority dismissed fugitives justice or debt, best looked if they could steal sheep" (14). Clearly, these intended solely Sue's eyes; reveal intimate feelings her young husband contain occasion sexual references belie early Victorian era origin. example, promised play "rascal" return: "I want kiss you all over, won't let me it? May over your lips, titties, belly, legs between too? Yes, must. Tell me, dear one, may" (22). weeks passed, echoed soldier's traditional plaints: "Our mails come very seldom" (15); railed against quartermaster department sutlers stuck close "like bloodsuckers" (24). boredom leavened drilling men ("of things try one's patience," later noted, "A stupid recruit is... | review | en | Infantry|Artillery|Siege|Battle|Officer|Spanish Civil War|Ancient history|Law|History|Sociology|Management|Political science|Archaeology|Economics | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1991.0018 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1967433577', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1991.0018', 'mag': '1967433577'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>Moscow and Greek Communism, 1944–1949</i> (review) | R. V. Burks (https://openalex.org/A5089973213) | 1,991 | Reviews 265 in 1947, not 1946 (p. 45 n.47), Papagos came into power 1952, 1951 19), and the supposed 22nd Congress of KKE 267) is presumably 12th, held 1987. Although some these errors will be easily corrected by readers, others are more dangerous. The non-specialist reader, for example , probably unable to see error when author claims that advocated an anti-imperalist "New Democracy" 1977. (The concept was advanced 1973 at 9th Congress, before fall junta, but obvious reasons heard again.) As accumulate, reader begins lose confidence Spourdalakis' scholarship. Last least astonishing number typographical this volume. Greek tides fare worst, quite aside from singularly unfortunate inconsistent transliteration system employed. Generally, author's style often obscures his meaning, as a locution like "the societal configurations social configuration" 68). publisher should have insisted on thorough revision text. there excellent observations book, although he obviously has collected used large body source material, work sadly disappointing. Ole L. Smith University Gothenburg Peter J. Stavrakis, Moscow Communism, 1944—1949. Ithaca: Cornell Press. 1989. Pp. xviii + 243. $28.95. Professor Stavrakis' contribution having produced first detailed analysis Soviet involvement civil wars 1944-49. His book based primarily revelations communists after they were allowed return home foreign exile mid-1970s. Works English Russian also important interpretation, however. In August 1944, suddenly reversed itself joined George Papandreou's new government national unity, formed Lebanon, terms. communist leaders did time EAM-ELAS controlled most mainland had its own "on mountain." This basic change policy, it now turns out, ordered Stalin, who gotten Churchill's consent free hand Romania exchange granting British Greece. fashion forfeited great opportunity: seizing during German withdrawal Greece troops could bring Papandreou Athens. Stavrakis contends decided war March 1945. ELAS rising turn 1944-45 pretty well ruined Party's political prospects. Most cadres favored appeal Mars 266 any case. crucial decision postponed, however, because Stalin want Greece; hoped instead withdrawal, weak Athens politically influential Communist Party. explanation views simple. dictator wish give quondam Western allies excuse intervention East European states newly made communist. therefore Party participate election scheduled 31 1946. refused, prepared take field instead. Without participation, returns installed right, shift which led efficient purge sleepers throughout state apparatus army. goes far explain why so few urban assets mobilized final struggle. Unable prevent "third round," undertook assist Democratic Army, took place ELAS. He order limit heavy dependence DA Tito, break log-jam over future Macedonia extending proposed Balkan Federation southward. assigned objective liberation conversion sovereign with Thessaloniki capital.) But... | review | en | Communism|Power (physics)|Aside|Meaning (existential)|Scholarship|Democracy|Style (visual arts)|History|Classics|Law|Political science|Sociology|Literature|Philosophy|Art|Politics|Epistemology|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0316 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2039715852', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0316', 'mag': '2039715852'} | Lebanon | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Modern Greek Studies |
<i>Mountains So Sublime: Nineteenth-Century British Travellers and the Lure of the Rocky Mountain West</i> (review) | Teresa Heffernan (https://openalex.org/A5066642310) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Mountains So Sublime: Nineteenth-Century British Travellers and the Lure of Rocky Mountain West Teresa Heffernan Terry Abraham . West. University Calgary Press. xxiii, 224. $29.95 Sublime is a beautifully designed book. The extensive quotations from both published unpublished travel accounts [End Page 280] Rockies are accompanied by an impressive collection black-and-white photographs sketches mountain scenery that presented in vintage postcard format. Much primary material ranges date 1848, beginning gold rush California saw influx tens thousands abroad, to 1898, Spanish American civil war. Geographically, extend Peace River Canadian north Colorado south. broadly include scientists, tourists, sportsmen, journalists, artists, members clergy, engineers; famous (Sir Richard Burton, Oscar Wilde, Rudyard Kipling) obscure; odd woman such as Isabella Bird, sickly when confined domestic life England but robust travelling, evidenced her letters sister about 800-mile trek through mountains 1873 (later A Lady's Life Mountains). sheer number variety cited suggest once avid market for narratives North West, Abraham, who served head Special Collections Archives at Idaho over twenty years, has done job gathering them together. book, however, suffers precisely its breadth it skims more interesting details these narratives. We get very little travellers' biographies, instance. Bird's gendered perspective revolt against domesticity hardly touched upon, Wilde reduced 'the exemplar fading social fad' described belonging group 'what could only be called foppish young men'; hence his aesthetic philosophy resistance realism art never fully accounted descriptions mountains. References 'Red Men' 'Chinamen,' which pop up many narratives, sufficiently analyzed. Class tensions between Americans considered; historical frame suggests, context mostly lacking. But fair, goal book not cultural analysis; rather author explicitly asks us consider terms landscape been lost. Yet difficulties this 'recovery' many, conventions particular sensibilities writers inevitably shape representation Western scenery. Thus we find Kipling, was writing 1889 visit America South Asian newspaper, describing around Columbia 'crowned with ruined bastions Oriental palaces,' while would later Orient, rocks were like 'gay, massive, Saracenic architecture' (Abraham oddly lists passage discussion landscapes 'European architectural ruins'). Moreover, also wrote their failure words describe 'otherness' landscape, 'utterly beyond words,' 281] or, put it, 'Art cannot add nature.' Further, sense belatedness common nineteenth-century grappling ubiquity modernity, Flaubert's travels Egypt or Kinglake's Eothen, equally evident Colon South's response long-lost 'primeval forests,' destroyed 'Vandalic hand man' 'has penetrated sacred recesses Nature's sylvan temples shorn all original grandeur.' It surprising then concluding 'set forth nearly comprehensive record was.' Nevertheless things buffalo being slaughtered train windows make Abraham's point rapidity change, even though berating... | review | en | Sublime|White (mutation)|Sister|History|Art history|Travel writing|Archaeology|Art|Anthropology|Sociology|Literature|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Gene | https://doi.org/10.1353/utq.0.0277 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1981422111', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/utq.0.0277', 'mag': '1981422111'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | University of Toronto Quarterly |
<i>Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity</i> (review) | Nelson Wiseman (https://openalex.org/A5011331526) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity Nelson Wiseman Will Kymlicka. Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. 374 pp. Bibliography. Index. $39.95 hc. Canada is a pioneer in multicultural policy, and Canadian political philosopher Kymlicka an internationally recognized authority on multiculturalism. The range, research, relevance this intellectually rigorous textured book are impressive. [End Page 220] examines origins forms “liberal multiculturalism,” diffusion idea by international organizations, experiences Western, post-communist, post-colonial states. Liberal multiculturalists believe that recognition accommodation ethnic diversity contributes to expanding human rights freedoms, strengthening democratic institutions, diminishing hierarchies. draws practices, Canadianists will be familiar with them, but one state sampled his global compass, thus there comparative lessons drawn. interest students institutions theory comparativists focussed ethnocultural questions. A self-professed liberal “foot soldier” (7) “fellow traveller” (15) policy networks engaged discourse, hopeful, somewhat uncertain, frustrated, pessimistic about how contribute advancing internationalizing position. He points, for example, some perverse results policies pursued he sceptical their efforts. project must, nevertheless, risked, believes, however modest effort challenging conundrums it poses different societal contexts. Kymlicka’s analysis sophisticated sobering, nuanced if not neutral. uses “multiculturalism” as umbrella term refer related non-dominant groups, itself, acknowledges, problematic. Most commonly deployed West, both governmental nongovernmental organizations generally shun often prefer “cultural diversity,” “minorities,” “pluriculturalism,” “interculturalism.” In states, Britain where “minorities” preferred term, refers only newer immigrant groups not, Welsh. As work, include national minorities (e.g., French Canadians) indigenous peoples Métis what now termed “First Nations”), well groups. “Liberal” multiculturalism implies policies, intended advance preserve vulnerable minority consistent foundational principles individual freedom, equality, polity. Even politics largely pacified normalized, face resistance and, sometimes, retreat. Some Western have signed UN Draft Declaration Rights Indigenous Peoples, others, including Canada, not. Among many illuminations differences among upshots This complicates composed same members acting autonomously — such UNESCO, 221] Labour Organization, World Bank nominally “pro-multicultural,” they perceive issue ways, adopt norms standards, proffer “solutions” formulae situations. Despite rhetoric multiculturalism, disagree issues can reconciled concerns principles. philanthropic NGOs, academics enterprise Western-based, while states preached to, especially world, less sanguine virtues look upon its discourse another expression imperialism paternalistic, condescending, platitudinous. see threat social stability, traditional identities, security. elites post-communist European grudgingly adopted price pay joining EU or NATO. reminds me Christian missionaries who, convinced gospel’s singular truth, feel obliged spread throughout world enlightenment benefit others. Many the... | review | en | Multiculturalism|Politics|Political science|Liberalism|Liberal democracy|Skepticism|Diversity (politics)|Democracy|Minority rights|Sociology|Social science|Law|Epistemology|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.0.0030 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2048503526', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.0.0030', 'mag': '2048503526'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Canadian Ethnic Studies |
<i>Narrative Conventions and Race in the Novels of Toni Morrison</i> (review) | Ondra Krouse Dismukes (https://openalex.org/A5088259088) | 2,011 | Journal Article Narrative Conventions and Race in the Novels of Toni Morrison. Jennifer Lee Jordan Heinert. New York: Routledge, 2008. 114 pages. $125.00 cloth; $39.95 paper. Get access Ondra Krouse Dismukes University Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MELUS, Volume 36, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 201–203, https://doi.org/10.1353/mel.2011.0032 Published: 01 2011 | review | en | Narrative|Race (biology)|History|Art history|Art|Media studies|Literature|Sociology|Gender studies | https://doi.org/10.1353/mel.2011.0032 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2079290493', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mel.2011.0032', 'mag': '2079290493'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | MELUS |
<i>New Boundaries in Political Science Fiction</i> (review) | Edward K. L. Chan (https://openalex.org/A5040084135) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: New Boundaries in Political Science Fiction Edward K. Chan Donald M. Hassler and Clyde Wilcox, eds. Fiction. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2008. xii + 362 pp. Cloth, $44.95, ISBN: 9781570037368. This volume continues the exploration politics science fiction that began Wilcox's previous collection, (1997), which itself as a special issue Extrapolation 1993. Some same issues have carried over into Boundaries, including essays devoted to Star Trek megatext, cyberpunk, feminist fiction, Latin American course utopia dystopia. Although humanities scholars predominate newer book, there are significant contributions from those social sciences—political science, government, law—as well one neuroscientist. In preface Wilcox had noted historic anniversaries attended preparation 1995: fifty years after Victory-in-Europe Day, twenty-five [End Page 174] "Kent State massacre" less frequently remembered shootings at Jackson State. The obvious event overshadows current collection is 9/11, which, course, only intelligible within context ever-increasing technologies global interconnectivity, solidifying neoconservative/neoliberal states economies West, transnational networks aligned against Western states, reconfigured racial gender formations. "new" terrorized/terrorist/ terrorizing state affairs attends early twenty-first century shapes, large degree, what editors identify core around congregate: "whether identity meaning human stem results changing linear, even digital, developments resemble evolution 'progress' or 'eternal return' realities such war, death, competitive survival" (xiii). Traversing this pattern twenty-two essays, group three categories. Part 1, "On Personal 'New Man,'" might also been titled Identities," exploring it does political implications both means, mean, be how Other figured incorporated community. 2, Power 'Nation,'" deals with militarism, Bush regime's fictional politics, several ideological readings television shows includes two on Brazilian fiction. 3 focuses individual authors, Iain Banks, China Miéville (two essays), Stephen Donaldson, Philip Dick, Walter Mosley. clear why chose end Marleen S. Barr's punchy character sketch Condoleezza Rice cyborg, her contribution would fit nicely next Davis's take regime rhetoric part 2. Several deal directly substantively "Politicized Dystopia Biomedical Imaginaries: Case 'The Machine Stops'" (Decker) historicizes Forster's short story its embrace "incorrect science" time by looking British fear degenerating humanity ideas German physician, popular critic, Zionist Max Nordau expressed his 1892-93 work Degeneration. "Science Politics: Cyberpunk Philosophy" (Michaud) builds off Robert Nozick's theories 1970s make case for anarcho-technological utopianism cyberpunk writing. "A Metafiction: Paulo de Sousa Ramos's Dystopian Novella" (Sousa Causo) provides useful history utopian/dystopian tradition literature situates 175] novella's metafictional strategies tradition. "Outside Context Problems: Liberalism Work Banks" (Jackson Heilman) discusses Banks's "Culture" novels constructing "a perfect liberal utopia" (242) plays out confrontation alien levels: "less powerful Others," "Others equal power," superior power." "To Perdido Street Station: Representation Revolution Miéville's Iron Council" (Freedman) reads novel, la Bloch, an attempt "keep... | review | en | Dystopia|Politics|State (computer science)|Context (archaeology)|Utopia|Sociology|Victory|Media studies|History|Political science|Law|Archaeology|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/utp.2011.0007 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2007308395', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/utp.2011.0007', 'mag': '2007308395'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Utopian Studies |
<i>New Jews: The End of the Jewish Diaspora</i> (review) | Noam Pianko (https://openalex.org/A5067270412) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: New Jews: The End of the Jewish Diaspora Noam Pianko Diaspora, by Caryn Aviv and David Shneer. York: York University Press, 2005. 214 pp. $18.95. Buses whisked a group college students from Ben Gurion airport to room where first Prime Minster Israel signed Declaration Independence in 1948. "Welcome Home," trip leader called out disoriented exhausted participants Birthright program. As one counselors on this several years ago, I looked around see how would respond. Even as Jew who felt very strongly connected Israel, wondered whether language "at home" reflected my own understanding Diaspora-Israel relationship. expected that young adults wearing baseball caps sweatshirts with logos find message homecoming even more bewildering less than two hours into their country. was reminded experience while reading Shneer Aviv's provocative study, Diaspora. authors' argument State no longer represents central address for new generation Jews contextualized response Hall [End Page 188] part larger trend. Contemporary Jews, argue, feel increasingly at home fully settled all over world San Francisco Moscow. This phenomenon is transforming role plays construction personal communal identity among population, whom they label "New Jews." No burdened sense inferiority, outside homeland have created locally nourished expressions life de-centered networks render dichotomy between questionable descriptive value. Subtitling book "The Diaspora" reflects conviction cultural, religious, geographic hierarchies encoded within concepts "Israel" "Diaspora" belie experiences support bold claims providing ethnographic reports thriving centers. These case studies illuminate overlooked corners world. We tour Crown Heights Hasidic Discovery Center, pray American tourists neo-Hasidic synagogues Safed, visit female rabbi Russia. One particularly fascinating chapter, "Castro, Chelsea, Tel Aviv," explores queer create different identities America Israel. At same time, also maintain global communities transcend geography. Focusing rarely studied community provides an effective lens clarifying importance considering local milieu formation identity, prevalence multiple transnational each built shared interests concerns, give-and-take nature dialogue Israelis living elsewhere Other chapters, however, suggest there remains significant gap ideal typology Jews" respective realities encountered research. For instance, "Let My People Stay," chapter book, sets replace perceptions Russian moribund images secure which parallels patterns North Jewry. Yet long discussion antisemitism Russia, disturbing popularity Protocols Elders Zion, left me more, rather fewer, questions about long-term viability life. pockets renaissance described remainder certainly significant, did not persuade narrative Jewry's decline can be largely dismissed, authors imply, myth propagated Israeli organizations. It evident documenting youth travel gravitational pull Israel-Diaspora model exerts ongoing influence, cohort. programs explored 189] such Israel... | review | en | Diaspora|Judaism|Homecoming|Declaration of independence|Tel aviv|Independence (probability theory)|History|Theology|Religious studies|Sociology|Media studies|Gender studies|Political science|Art history|Law|Philosophy|Politics|Archaeology|Library science|Statistics|Mathematics|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0119 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2032980182', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0119', 'mag': '2032980182'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>New York Jews and the Great Depression: Uncertain Promise</i> (review) | Frederic Cople Jaher (https://openalex.org/A5080465454) | 1,998 | 160 SHOFAR Fa111998 Vol. 17, No.1 in the Five Books of Moses can be offset by some other comment within those same books. The Vanishing American Jew, after discussing a wide array subjects general Jewish interest like antisemitism and Israel, ultimately focuses upon how many Jews have been "lost" best to encourage retain aspects their heritage. narrative is filled with stories, jokes, anecdotes which clearly illustrate author's main points. Those who knowledge topics discussed are looking for significant new perspectives will disappointed. prefer nice read that includes comments observations friends may also made, see own thoughts reiterated an "authority," pleased. If this kind book you enjoy, then Jew-easy understand, easy agree with, not particularly taxing intellect-is you. Leonard Dinnerstein Judaic Studies University Arizona New York Great Depression: Uncertain Promise, Beth S. Wenger. Haven: Yale Unive.~sity Press, 1996. 269 pp. $30.00. What could more compelling? largest community world; mostly first- second-generation Americans Eastern European origins, avidly striving make it chosen land. Until 1929 ambitions, adjustments, sacrifices seemed gradually, though often grudgingly, fulfilled acceptance achievement. Then came Depression. York, U.S., Europe now confronted dashed dreams success mounting hostility accompanied growing sense dread beleaguerment. Wenger competently chronicles ofthis predicament but conveys little its drama depth. Put another way, Depression has virtues drawbacks studies social history. Its assets important detachment regrettable. Let's begin plaudits: Industrious research; abundant information; skills assembling institutional data; mastery standard categories history-charity organization, family structure, occupational distribution, residential patterns. Although praiseworthy these respects, problems emerge. discussion former emblem commercial pride, Bank United States, speculates fmancial circles might responsible collapse 1930. source suggestion Times editorials. Book Reviews "11.'•• 161 More rigorous investigation bankruptcy substantiated charges uncovered real causes failure. In exploration asserts "prospective teachers were identified excluded through oral examination designed detect particularities speech" (pp. 22-23). Actually, all prospective teachers, Gentile, had take exam, they screened accent, specific accent. Logical inconsistencies mar work. Immediately loss "paternal control" due "protracted unemployment" comes assertion "patriarchal authority remained intact despite independence youth uncertainty male employment" (p. 52). Another dubious contention emerges chapter on philanthropy. claims welfare agencies accepted less public aid than did benevolent organizations because belief should care and, important, successful getting private contributions. But she finds "Jewish relinquished bulk ofrelief work government" 152). Maybe received voluntary funds denominations, obviously get enough primary support needy co-religionists. A fundamental flaw omission comparative analysis. impact gentile communities or elsewhere rarely mentioned never elaborated contrasts. Hence, difficult ascertain much experience ofNew York's 1930s was shared unique religious ethnic background particular locale. Comparisons... | review | en | Antisemitism|Judaism|Intellect|Narrative|History|Great Depression|Religious studies|Classics|Sociology|Psychoanalysis|Literature|Psychology|Theology|Law|Art|Philosophy|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1998.0044 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2075786592', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1998.0044', 'mag': '2075786592'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>One Family under God: Love, Belonging, and Authority in Early Transatlantic Methodism</i> (review) | Jane Donovan (https://openalex.org/A5078797475) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: One Family under God: Love, Belonging, and Authority in Early Transatlantic Methodism Jane Donovan Methodism. By Anna M. Lawrence. [Early American Studies.] (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2011. Pp. viii, 282. $42.50. ISBN 978-0-8122-4330-7.) Lawrence’s exploration fictive, yet powerfully felt, kinship relations among early Methodists Great Britain North America is timely, arriving the midst political religious debate about definition family. Methodism’s impact on development modern notions family relevant, as it was largest Protestant denomination United States for more than a century (from 1840 to 1950), still claims 8 million adherents. Lawrence laments dearth scholarship eighteenth century, period during which financial concerns parental authority gave way romantic feelings primary criteria spousal choice. That transition coincided with rise evangelical Protestantism—of Methodist Movement significant part—a contextual connection that previous scholars have avoided. “Evangelicalism predominant emergent moral movement era,” points out, “and brought new sensibility domestic social ideas family” (p. 4). discussion affective kinships excellent. The followers childless John Wesley referred him their father, he spoke them his children. itinerant preachers formed brotherhood paternal direction, lay called one another “Brother” “Sister.” A convert addressed preacher whose ministry she came faith her “spiritual father,” women leaders were “Mothers Israel.” As explains, becoming often considerable opposition, if not entire alienation, from believer’s birth Converts turned affection support change had cost them. For enslaved, who been ruthlessly ripped families cultures, fictive religion-based invaluable. societies, classes, bands became only sacramental home but something far more. Courtship marriage practices may contributed cultural notion spouses should be chosen amorous attachment rather or economic reasons, although [End Page 772] looked spiritual partnerships, romance. Wesley’s own disastrous strengthened insistence “it necessary enter into union utmost caution find mate equally devoted mission” 145). vet potential spouses; then, after much prayer and, perhaps, sign God’s approval, would they say “I do.” Her effective courtship marriage, however, leads overemphasize encouragement celibacy. Yes, leader Francis Asbury both believed distracted faithful, especially preachers, celibacy never required theological reasons; rather, encouraged practical ones. Some did cease itinerating due acquisition wife children, at least many located chronic health problems death caused by hardships circuit-riding. occasionally stumbles. She frequently uses terms interchangeably. love feast involved bread water, not, implies, Eucharist. assessment polity egalitarian belies unresolved conflict between hierarchical theology has riven once. These modest aside, opened evangelicalism’s influence life. hopes will pursue further. West Virginia Copyright © 2012 Catholic Press | review | en | Methodism|Protestantism|Politics|Religious studies|Sensibility|Scholarship|Kinship|History|Sociology|Theology|Political science|Law|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0266 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1969108121', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0266', 'mag': '1969108121'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>Other Renaissances: A New Approach to World Literature</i> (review) | Michael Malouf (https://openalex.org/A5066095024) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Other Renaissances: A New Approach to World Literature Michael G. Malouf Literature. Edited by Brenda Deen Schildgen, Gang Zhou, Sander L. Gilman. York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. xvi + 336 pp. $69.95. The latest addition the required reading list for anyone interested in how read, teach, and understand world literature, offers twelve rigorous case studies from an interdisciplinary international group of scholars on transnational circulation concept Renaissance its origins Italy [End Page 384] nineteenth- twentieth-century permutations Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Ireland, India, Mexico, China, as well among Jews Germany, African Americans Harlem Chicago, Maori Zealand. formidable contribution current debates over both definition literature ways which we organize it a discipline, this “new approach” follows David Damrosch’s observation that should not be perceived canon texts but rather mode focusing complex processes cross-cultural reception understanding through idea practice comes into formation. While provide useful overviews these various renaissances non-specialist, they also seek intervene construction purpose term each period region. Among common set questions arise are issues (what is renaissance?), dating (when was legacy (how does memory—and central figures—change national consciousness?). fact haunt even Italian model (does begin with Dante or Petrarch?) indicative problems complicate utility contexts. As Walter Andrews acutely observes his essay Ottoman Renaissance, itself “is embedded broader biological metaphor has long been used describing cultural change” (18). So inextricable contradictions seem escape us: if renaissance assumes cultures, like bodies, move youth maturity old age then death, when renaissance, implies recovery youth, occur? more than one collection asks, can revival past modern? This includes asking whether precedent synonym modernization. Thus, western “modernity” informs culture ever had Egyptian case, role realist novel defining “success” Arabic Nahdah. But temporal ambiguity facilitates concept’s adaptability, Orit Bashkin argues regarding Iraqi intellectual Zaki al-Arsuzi whom disjunctive nature temporality integral theory linking Arab linguistics nationalism. paradox becomes part appeal rhetoric postcolonial intellectuals looking make relevant diminished present. discursive instability translations across within cultures speaks complexity. approximate definitions Nahdah—which mean variously 385] Revival, Awakening—refers problem apparent, Kathleen Heininge observes, shifts Irish Celtic Twilight, Revival. contradictory. For example, Ba’ath roots “awakening,” refer Day Judgment. Furthermore, terms late eighteenth- early nineteenth-century Hebrew oscillate between Hatehiyah [Revival, Rejuvenation] Haskalah, refers Enlightenment. And reveal conflicts aesthetics politics, twin concepts tino rangitiratanga, political economic self-governance, division apparent China guxue fuxing [“restoration antiquity” (116)] wenyi [“a art” (117)]. In way, Zhou notes... | review | en | Reading (process)|History|World literature|China|Classics|Period (music)|Sociology|Media studies|Literature|Political science|Art|Law|Aesthetics|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0036 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2025689366', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0036', 'mag': '2025689366'} | Egypt|Iraq|Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Comparative Literature Studies |
<i>Ozone Diplomacy: New Directions in Safeguarding the Planet</i> (review) | Alexander Wood (https://openalex.org/A5079861152) | 1,992 | BOOK REVIEWS. Elliot A. Posner, editor Benedick, Richard Elliot, Ozone Diplomacy: New Directions in Safeguarding the Planet ................................ 168 Bland, Douglas L., The Military Committee of North Atlantic Alliance: A Study Structure and Strategy .......................... 170 Jordan, Robert S., Alliance Navies: Evolution Scope ofNATO's Maritime Dimension ......... Calingaert, Daniel, Soviet Nuclear Policy Under Gorbachev: ofDisarmament ................................. 172 Chomsky, Noam, Deterring Democracy 173 Clifford, Clark with Holbrooke, Counsel to President: Memoir ............................................. 174 Gleijeses, Piero, Shattered Hope: Guatemalan Revolution United States, 1944-1954 ........................... 176 Goodman, Melvin A., Gorbachev's Retreat—The Third World .......... 178 Kanet, Roger E. Edward Kolodziej, eds., Cold War as Cooperation .............................. 180 Langley, Lester D., Mexico States: Fragile Relationship 182 Lowenthal, Abraham F., ed., Exporting Democracy: States Latin America ...................................... 184 Stein, Arthur Why Nations Cooperate: Circumstance Choice International Relations 186 167 SAISREVIEW Planet. By Benedick. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991. 211 pp. $10.95/ Paperback. Reviewed by Alexander Wood, MA. Candidate, SAIS. In 1974, two articles appeared scientific reviews describing chemical interplay occurring stratospheric ozone layer between molecules atoms ofchlorine. chlorine, borne into stratosphere compounds known chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were breaking down particles. Although there was no evidence at that point serious lasting damage layer, it feared any deterioration ozone, which shields Earth from excessive levels biologically active ultraviolet (UV) radiation, could have consequences on human, animal plant health. It especially ironic being inflicted directly attributable CFCs, had long been considered sweetheart industry . Indeed, quality made CFCs so popular, their stability, now large part root problem. compound stable instead or rained out lower atmosphere , would only break when exposed solar radiation ofthe upper stratosphere, where effect be most marked. These initial gave rise a considerable body evidence, including first series influential National Academy Sciences reports 1976, eventually banning use nonessential aerosols Canada Nordic countries. Despite these findings, however, delay obtaining kind international action. But early 1980s, growing consensus, fueled incontrovertible initiated negotiations resulted Montreal Protocol Depleting Substances September 1987. story ofthose tortuous difficult is told Benedick's chief U.S. negotiator for Protocol, framework Vienna Convention preceded them, London Revisions completed cycle June 1990, recounts how opposition regulated CFC (and halons other harmful compounds) consumption (from developing world) production European Community) overcome through combination forceful American leadership irrefutable evidence. account does suffer, firsthand accounts invariably do, certain lack objectivity, repeated descriptions "unique unprecedented unparalleled" cooperation goodwill demonstrated throughout negotiation process. trouble all ofthis Benedick becomes cheerleader process that, his own admission, far perfect. As result, reader often left impression an apology offered reasoned explanation. position him advantage privy some more interesting behindthe -scenes negotiations, he detail add REVIEWS 169 dimension story. conclusions, demonstrates imagination robs book ofwhat might its important contribution final chapter... | review | en | Diplomacy|Alliance|Safeguarding|Political science|Democracy|Economic history|Memoir|Ozone layer|History|Law|Geography|Politics|Meteorology|Ozone|Medicine|Nursing | https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1992.0021 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1969368770', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1992.0021', 'mag': '1969368770'} | Jordan | C2776743756 | Safeguarding | SAIS review |
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