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21,645,374 | Do mitochondria play a role in remodelling lace plant leaves during programmed cell death? | {
"contexts": [
"Programmed cell death (PCD) is the regulated death of cells within an organism. The lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) produces perforations in its leaves through PCD. The leaves of the plant consist of a latticework of longitudinal and transverse veins enclosing areoles. PCD occurs in the ... | Results depicted mitochondrial dynamics in vivo as PCD progresses within the lace plant, and highlight the correlation of this organelle with other organelles during developmental PCD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mitochondria and chloroplasts moving on transvacuolar strands to form a ring structure surrounding the nucleus during developmental PCD. Also, for the first time, we have shown the feasibility for the use of CsA in a whole plant system. Overall, our findings implicate the mitochondria as playing a critical and early role in developmentally regulated PCD in the lace plant. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "The following paper elucidates the role of mitochondrial dynamics during developmentally regulated PCD in vivo in A. madagascariensis. A single areole within a window stage leaf (PCD is occurring) was divided into three areas based on the progression of PCD; cells that will not undergo PCD (NPCD), cells in early stages of PCD (EPCD), and cells in late stages of PCD (LPCD). Window stage leaves were stained with the mitochondrial dye MitoTracker Red CMXRos and examined. Mitochondrial dynamics were delineated into four categories (M1-M4) based on characteristics including distribution, motility, and membrane potential (ΔΨm). A TUNEL assay showed fragmented nDNA in a gradient over these mitochondrial stages. Chloroplasts and transvacuolar strands were also examined using live cell imaging. The possible importance of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) formation during PCD was indirectly examined via in vivo cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. This treatment resulted in lace plant leaves with a significantly lower number of perforations compared to controls, and that displayed mitochondrial dynamics similar to that of non-PCD cells."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
16,418,930 | Landolt C and snellen e acuity: differences in strabismus amblyopia? | {
"contexts": [
"Assessment of visual acuity depends on the optotypes used for measurement. The ability to recognize different optotypes differs even if their critical details appear under the same visual angle. Since optotypes are evaluated on individuals with good visual acuity and without eye disorders, differ... | Using the charts described, there was only a slight overestimation of visual acuity by the Snellen E compared to the Landolt C, even in strabismus amblyopia. Small differences in the lower visual acuity range have to be considered. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Differences between Landolt C acuity (LR) and Snellen E acuity (SE) were small. The mean decimal values for LR and SE were 0.25 and 0.29 in the entire group and 0.14 and 0.16 for the eyes with strabismus amblyopia. The mean difference between LR and SE was 0.55 lines in the entire group and 0.55 lines for the eyes with strabismus amblyopia, with higher values of SE in both groups. The results of the other groups were similar with only small differences between LR and SE."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, PATIENTS AND METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
9,488,747 | Syncope during bathing in infants, a pediatric form of water-induced urticaria? | {
"contexts": [
"Apparent life-threatening events in infants are a difficult and frequent problem in pediatric practice. The prognosis is uncertain because of risk of sudden infant death syndrome.",
"Eight infants aged 2 to 15 months were admitted during a period of 6 years; they suffered from similar maladie... | "Aquagenic maladies" could be a pediatric form of the aquagenic urticaria. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Apparent life-threatening events in infants are a difficult and frequent problem in pediatric practice. The prognosis is uncertain because of risk of sudden infant death syndrome."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND or CASE REPORTS ? | BACKGROUND |
17,208,539 | Are the long-term results of the transanal pull-through equal to those of the transabdominal pull-through? | {
"contexts": [
"The transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) is becoming the most popular procedure in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD), but overstretching of the anal sphincters remains a critical issue that may impact the continence. This study examined the long-term outcome of TERPT versus conventi... | Our long-term study showed significantly better (2-fold) results regarding the continence score for the abdominal approach compared with the transanal pull-through. The stool pattern and enterocolitis scores were somewhat better for the TERPT group. These findings raise an important issue about the current surgical management of HD; however, more cases will need to be studied before a definitive conclusion can be drawn. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "The transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) is becoming the most popular procedure in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD), but overstretching of the anal sphincters remains a critical issue that may impact the continence. This study examined the long-term outcome of TERPT versus conventional transabdominal (ABD) pull-through for HD."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: PURPOSE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | PURPOSE |
10,808,977 | Can tailored interventions increase mammography use among HMO women? | {
"contexts": [
"Telephone counseling and tailored print communications have emerged as promising methods for promoting mammography screening. However, there has been little research testing, within the same randomized field trial, of the efficacy of these two methods compared to a high-quality usual care system ... | The effects of the intervention were most pronounced after the first intervention. Compared to usual care, telephone counseling seemed particularly effective at promoting change among nonadherent women, the group for whom the intervention was developed. These results suggest that telephone counseling, rather than tailored print, might be the preferred first-line intervention for getting nonadherent women on schedule for mammography screening. Many questions would have to be answered about why the tailored print intervention was not more powerful. Nevertheless, it is clear that additional interventions will be needed to maintain women's adherence to mammography. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): mammography screening, telephone counseling, tailored print communications, barriers. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Women were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: (1) usual care, (2) tailored print communications, and (3) tailored telephone counseling."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTION, MAIN OUTCOME or RESULTS ? | INTERVENTION |
23,831,910 | Double balloon enteroscopy: is it efficacious and safe in a community setting? | {
"contexts": [
"From March 2007 to January 2011, 88 DBE procedures were performed on 66 patients. Indications included evaluation anemia/gastrointestinal bleed, small bowel IBD and dilation of strictures. Video-capsule endoscopy (VCE) was used prior to DBE in 43 of the 66 patients prior to DBE evaluation.",
... | DBE appears to be equally safe and effective when performed in the community setting as compared to a tertiary referral center with a comparable yield, efficacy, and complication rate. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "The mean age was 62 years. Thirty-two patients were female, 15 were African-American; 44 antegrade and 44 retrograde DBEs were performed. The mean time per antegrade DBE was 107.4±30.0 minutes with a distance of 318.4±152.9 cm reached past the pylorus. The mean time per lower DBE was 100.7±27.3 minutes with 168.9±109.1 cm meters past the ileocecal valve reached. Endoscopic therapy in the form of electrocautery to ablate bleeding sources was performed in 20 patients (30.3%), biopsy in 17 patients (25.8%) and dilation of Crohn's-related small bowel strictures in 4 (6.1%). 43 VCEs with pathology noted were performed prior to DBE, with findings endoscopically confirmed in 32 cases (74.4%). In 3 cases the DBE showed findings not noted on VCE."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
26,037,986 | 30-Day and 1-year mortality in emergency general surgery laparotomies: an area of concern and need for improvement? | {
"contexts": [
"Emergency surgery is associated with poorer outcomes and higher mortality with recent studies suggesting the 30-day mortality to be 14-15%. The aim of this study was to analyse the 30-day mortality, age-related 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality following emergency laparotomy. We hope this wil... | Emergency laparotomy carries a high rate of mortality, especially in those over the age of 70 years, and more needs to be done to improve outcomes, particularly in this group. This could involve increasing acute surgical care manpower, early recognition of patients requiring emergency surgery, development of clear management protocols for such patients or perhaps even considering centralisation of emergency surgical services to specialist centres with multidisciplinary teams involving emergency surgeons and care of the elderly physicians in hospital and related community outreach services for post-discharge care. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Emergency surgery is associated with poorer outcomes and higher mortality with recent studies suggesting the 30-day mortality to be 14-15%. The aim of this study was to analyse the 30-day mortality, age-related 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality following emergency laparotomy. We hope this will encourage prospective data collection, improvement of care and initiate strategies to establish best practice in this area."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: AIMS, METHODS or RESULTS ? | AIMS |
26,852,225 | Is adjustment for reporting heterogeneity necessary in sleep disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"Anchoring vignettes are brief texts describing a hypothetical character who illustrates a certain fixed level of a trait under evaluation. This research uses vignettes to elucidate factors associated with sleep disorders in adult Japanese before and after adjustment for reporting heterogeneity in... | Sleep disorders are common in the general adult population of Japan. Correction for reporting heterogeneity using anchoring vignettes is not a necessary tool for proper management of sleep and energy related problems among Japanese adults. Older age, gender differences in communicating sleep-related problems, the presence of multiple morbidities, and regular exercise should be the focus of policies and clinical practice to improve sleep and energy management in Japan. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "We investigated a dataset of 1002 respondents aged 18 years and over from the Japanese World Health Survey, which collected information through face-to-face interview from 2002 to 2003. The ordered probit model and the Compound Hierarchical Ordered Probit (CHOPIT) model, which incorporated anchoring vignettes, were employed to estimate and compare associations of sleep and energy with socio-demographic and life-style factors before and after adjustment for differences in response category cut-points for each individual."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
17,113,061 | Do mutations causing low HDL-C promote increased carotid intima-media thickness? | {
"contexts": [
"Although observational data support an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD), genetic HDL deficiency states often do not correlate with premature CHD.",
"Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurements were obtained in case... | Genetic variants identified in the present study may be insufficient to promote early carotid atherosclerosis. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "In a 1:2 case-control study of sex and age-related (+/-5 y) subjects (n=114), cIMT was nearly identical between cases (0.66+/-0.17 cm) and controls (0.65+/-0.18 cm) despite significantly lower HDL cholesterol (0.67 vs. 1.58 mmol/l) and apolipoprotein A-I levels (96.7 vs. 151.4 mg/dl) (P<0.05)"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
10,966,337 | A short stay or 23-hour ward in a general and academic children's hospital: are they effective? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the usefulness of a short stay or 23-hour ward in a pediatric unit of a large teaching hospital, Westmead Hospital, and an academic Children's hospital, The New Children's Hospital, to determine if they are a useful addition to the emergency service.",
"This is a descriptive comp... | This data demonstrates the robust nature of the short stay ward. At these two very different institutions we have shown improved bed efficient and patient care in a cost-effective way. We have also reported on greater parental satisfaction and early return of the child with their family to the community. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "This is a descriptive comparison of prospectively collected data on all children admitted to the short stay ward at Westmead Hospital (WH) during 1994 and the short stay ward at the New Children's Hospital (NCH) during 1997-98. These hospitals service an identical demographic area with the latter (NCH) a tertiary referral center. The following outcome measures were used: length of stay, appropriateness of stay, rate of admission to an in-hospital bed, and rate of unscheduled visits within 72 hours of discharge. Adverse events were reported and patient follow-up was attempted at 48 hours after discharge in all cases."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
25,432,938 | Did Chile's traffic law reform push police enforcement? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the current study is to determine to what extent the reduction of Chile's traffic fatalities and injuries during 2000-2012 was related to the police traffic enforcement increment registered after the introduction of its 2005 traffic law reform.",
"A unique dataset with assemb... | Findings suggest that traffic law reforms in order to have an effect on both traffic fatality and injury rates reduction require changes in police enforcement practices. Last, this case also illustrates how the diffusion of successful road safety practices globally promoted by WHO and World Bank can be an important influence for enhancing national road safety practices. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "A unique dataset with assembled information from public institutions and analyses based on ordinary least square and robust random effects models was carried out. Dependent variables were traffic fatality and severe injury rates per population and vehicle fleet. Independent variables were: (1) presence of new national traffic law; (2) police officers per population; (3) number of traffic tickets per police officer; and (4) interaction effect of number of traffic tickets per police officer with traffic law reform. Oil prices, alcohol consumption, proportion of male population 15-24 years old, unemployment, road infrastructure investment, years' effects and regions' effects represented control variables."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
18,847,643 | Therapeutic anticoagulation in the trauma patient: is it safe? | {
"contexts": [
"Trauma patients who require therapeutic anticoagulation pose a difficult treatment problem. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the incidence of complications using therapeutic anticoagulation in trauma patients, and (2) if any patient factors are associated with these complications."... | Trauma patients have a significant complication rate related to anticoagulation therapy, and predicting which patients will develop a complication remains unclear. Prospective studies are needed to determine which treatment regimen, if any, is appropriate to safely anticoagulate this high risk population. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "One-hundred-fourteen trauma patients were initiated on therapeutic anticoagulation. The most common indication for anticoagulation was deep venous thrombosis (46%). Twenty-four patients (21%) had at least 1 anticoagulation complication. The most common complication was a sudden drop in hemoglobin concentration requiring blood transfusion (11 patients). Five patients died (4%), 3 of whom had significant hemorrhage attributed to anticoagulation. Bivariate followed by logistic regression analysis identified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 9.2, 95%CI = 1.5-54.7), UH use (OR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.1-13.0), and lower initial platelet count (OR = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.000-1.008) as being associated with complications. Patients receiving UH vs. FH differed in several characteristics including laboratory values and anticoagulation indications."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: PURPOSE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
18,239,988 | Differentiation of nonalcoholic from alcoholic steatohepatitis: are routine laboratory markers useful? | {
"contexts": [
"Specific markers for differentiation of nonalcoholic (NASH) from alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) are lacking. We investigated the role of routine laboratory parameters in distinguishing NASH from ASH.",
"Liver biopsies performed at our hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed, 95 patients... | Higher MCVs and AST/ALT ratios in ASH reflect the severity of underlying liver disease and do not differentiate NASH from ASH. Instead, these biomarkers might prove useful in guiding selection of patients for liver biopsy and in targeting therapy. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Liver biopsies performed at our hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed, 95 patients with steatohepatitis identified and their data prior to biopsy reevaluated. The diagnosis NASH or ASH was assigned (other liver diseases excluded) on the basis of the biopsy and history of alcohol consumption (<140 g/week). Logistic regression models were used for analysis."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: AIMS, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
25,957,366 | Prompting Primary Care Providers about Increased Patient Risk As a Result of Family History: Does It Work? | {
"contexts": [
"Electronic health records have the potential to facilitate family history use by primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide personalized care. The objective of this study was to determine whether automated, at-the-visit tailored prompts about family history risk change PCP behavior.",
"Automat... | No change occurred upon instituting simple, at-the-visit family history prompts geared to improve PCPs' ability to identify patients at high risk for 6 common conditions. The results are both surprising and disappointing. Further studies should examine physicians' perception of the utility of prompts for family history risk. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "The 492 eligible patients had 847 visits during the study period; 152 visits had no documentation of response to a family history prompt. Of the remaining 695 visits, physician responses were reviewed family history (n = 372, 53.5%), discussed family history (n = 159, 22.9%), not addressed (n = 155, 22.3%), and reviewed family history and ordered tests/referrals (n = 5, 0.7%). There was no significant change in problem summary list documentation of risk status or screening interventions for any of the 6 diseases."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
24,866,606 | Do emergency ultrasound fellowship programs impact emergency medicine residents' ultrasound education? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of emergency ultrasound (EUS) programs in the United States. To date, there is no evidence supporting that EUS fellowships enhance residents' ultrasound (US) educational experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of EUS fellowsh... | Emergency US fellowship programs had a positive impact on residents' US educational experiences. Emergency medicine residents performed more scans overall and also used bedside US for more advanced applications in programs with EUS fellowships. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "A total of 244 EM residents participated in this study. Thirty percent (95% confidence interval, 24%-35%) reported they had performed more than 150 scans. Residents in programs with EUS fellowships reported performing more scans than those in programs without fellowships (P = .04). Significant differences were noted in most applications of bedside US between residency programs with and without fellowships (P<.05). There were also significant differences in the barriers to US education between residency programs with and without fellowships (P<.05)."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVES, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
26,578,404 | Patient-Controlled Therapy of Breathlessness in Palliative Care: A New Therapeutic Concept for Opioid Administration? | {
"contexts": [
"Breathlessness is one of the most distressing symptoms experienced by patients with advanced cancer and noncancer diagnoses alike. Often, severity of breathlessness increases quickly, calling for rapid symptom control. Oral, buccal, and parenteral routes of provider-controlled drug administration... | Opioid PCT is a feasible and acceptable therapeutic method to reduce refractory breathlessness in palliative care patients. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Breathlessness is one of the most distressing symptoms experienced by patients with advanced cancer and noncancer diagnoses alike. Often, severity of breathlessness increases quickly, calling for rapid symptom control. Oral, buccal, and parenteral routes of provider-controlled drug administration have been described. It is unclear whether patient-controlled therapy (PCT) systems would be an additional treatment option."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES, METHODS or RESULTS ? | CONTEXT |
11,729,377 | Is there still a need for living-related liver transplantation in children? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess and compare the value of split-liver transplantation (SLT) and living-related liver transplantation (LRT).",
"The concept of SLT results from the development of reduced-size transplantation. A further development of SLT, the in situ split technique, is derived from LRT, which itself... | The short- and long-term outcomes after LRT and SLT did not differ significantly. To avoid the risk for the donor in LRT, SLT represents the first-line therapy in pediatric liver transplantation in countries where cadaveric organs are available. LRT provides a solution for urgent cases in which a cadaveric graft cannot be found in time or if the choice of the optimal time point for transplantation is vital. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Outcomes and postoperative liver function of 43 primary LRT patients were compared with those of 49 primary SLT patients (14 ex situ, 35 in situ) with known graft weight performed between April 1996 and December 2000. Survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
17,096,624 | Do patterns of knowledge and attitudes exist among unvaccinated seniors? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine patterns of knowledge and attitudes among adults aged>65 years unvaccinated for influenza.",
"Surveyed Medicare beneficiaries in 5 areas; clustered unvaccinated seniors by their immunization related knowledge and attitudes.",
"Identified 4 clusters: Potentials (45%) would recei... | Findings suggest that cluster analyses may be useful in identifying groups for targeted health messages. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Surveyed Medicare beneficiaries in 5 areas; clustered unvaccinated seniors by their immunization related knowledge and attitudes."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
22,694,248 | Is there a model to teach and practice retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the retroperitoneal approach has been the preferred choice for open urological procedures, retroperitoneoscopy is not the preferred approach for laparoscopy. This study aims to develop a training model for retroperitoneoscopy and to establish an experimental learning curve.",
"Fiftee... | RPN in a porcine model is feasible and could be very useful for teaching and practicing retroperitoneoscopy. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Although the retroperitoneal approach has been the preferred choice for open urological procedures, retroperitoneoscopy is not the preferred approach for laparoscopy. This study aims to develop a training model for retroperitoneoscopy and to establish an experimental learning curve."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, MATERIAL AND METHODS, RESULTS or DISCUSSION ? | INTRODUCTION |
22,990,761 | Cardiovascular risk in a rural adult West African population: is resting heart rate also relevant? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is a neglected marker in cardiovascular risk factor studies of sub-Saharan African populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated RHR and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to investigate any associations between RHR an... | Significant associations were observed between RHR and several established cardiovascular risk factors. Prospective studies are needed in sub-Saharan African populations to establish the potential value of RHR in cardiovascular risk assessment. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is a neglected marker in cardiovascular risk factor studies of sub-Saharan African populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated RHR and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to investigate any associations between RHR and these risk factors in a rural population in Ghana."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, DESIGN, METHODS or RESULTS ? | INTRODUCTION |
19,394,934 | Israeli hospital preparedness for terrorism-related multiple casualty incidents: can the surge capacity and injury severity distribution be better predicted? | {
"contexts": [
"The incidence of large-scale urban attacks on civilian populations has significantly increased across the globe over the past decade. These incidents often result in Hospital Multiple Casualty Incidents (HMCI), which are very challenging to hospital teams. 15 years ago the Emergency and Disaster ... | Hospital preparedness can be better defined by a fixed number of casualties rather than a percentile of its bed capacity. Only 20% of the arriving casualties will require immediate medical treatment. Implementation of this concept may improve the utilisation of national emergency health resources both in the preparation phase and on real time. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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| "The incidence of large-scale urban attacks on civilian populations has significantly increased across the globe over the past decade. These incidents often result in Hospital Multiple Casualty Incidents (HMCI), which are very challenging to hospital teams. 15 years ago the Emergency and Disaster Medicine Division in the Israeli Ministry of Health defined a key of 20 percent of each hospital's bed capacity as its readiness for multiple casualties. Half of those casualties are expected to require immediate medical treatment. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the current readiness guidelines based on the epidemiology of encountered HMCIs."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND |
11,481,599 | Acute respiratory distress syndrome in children with malignancy--can we predict outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to delineate early respiratory predictors of mortality in children with hemato-oncology malignancy who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).",
"We conducted a retrospective chart review of children with malignant and ARDS who needed mechanical ven... | Peak inspiratory pressure, PEEP, and ventilation index values could distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors by day 3. This may assist in early application of supportive nonconventional therapies in children with malignancy and ARDS. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Seventeen children with ARDS and malignancy aged 10.5 +/- 5.1 years were identified. Six of the 17 children (35.3%) survived. Sepsis syndrome was present in 70.6% of all the children. Peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and ventilation index values could distinguish outcome by day 3. A significant relationship between respiratory data and outcome related to efficiency of oxygenation, as determined by PaO(2)/FIO(2) and P(A-a)O(2), was present from day 8 after onset of mechanical ventilation."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: PURPOSE, MATERIALS AND METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
21,669,959 | Secondhand smoke risk in infants discharged from an NICU: potential for significant health disparities? | {
"contexts": [
"Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) threatens fragile infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Smoking practices were examined in families with a high respiratory risk infant (born at very low birth weight; ventilated>12 hr) in a Houston, Texas, NICU. Socioeconomic status, race... | The most disadvantaged families were least likely to have protective health behaviors in place to reduce SHSe and, consequently, are most at-risk for tobacco exposure and subsequent tobacco-related health disparities. Innovative SHSe interventions for this vulnerable population are sorely needed. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) threatens fragile infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Smoking practices were examined in families with a high respiratory risk infant (born at very low birth weight; ventilated>12 hr) in a Houston, Texas, NICU. Socioeconomic status, race, and mental health status were hypothesized to be related to SHSe and household smoking bans."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, METHODS or RESULTS ? | INTRODUCTION |
23,806,388 | Do nomograms designed to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) do a better job of predicting more clinically relevant prostate cancer outcomes than BCR? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the ability of various postoperative nomograms to predict prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and to validate that they could predict aggressive biochemical recurrence (BCR). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), grade, and stage are the classic triad used to predict BCR after radical... | Currently available nomograms used to predict BCR accurately predict PCSM and other more clinically relevant endpoints. Moreover, not only do they significantly predict PCSM, but do so with generally greater accuracy than BCR. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "We performed Cox analyses to examine the ability of 4 postoperative nomograms, the Duke Prostate Center (DPC) nomogram, the Kattan postoperative nomogram, the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) nomogram, and the joint Center for Prostate Disease Research(CPDR)/Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) nomogram to predict BCR and PCSM among 1778 men in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database who underwent RP between 1990 and 2009. We also compared their ability to predict BCR and aggressive BCR in a subset of men. We calculated the c-index for each nomogram to determine its predictive accuracy for estimating actual outcomes."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
17,919,952 | Are reports of mechanical dysfunction in chronic oro-facial pain related to somatisation? | {
"contexts": [
"(i) To examine the association between self-reported mechanical factors and chronic oro-facial pain. (ii) To test the hypothesis that this relationship could be explained by: (a) reporting of psychological factors, (b) common association of self-reported mechanical factors with other unexplained ... | Self-reported mechanical factors associated with chronic oro-facial pain are confounded, in part, by psychological factors and are equally common across other frequently unexplained syndromes. They may represent another feature of somatisation. Therefore the use of extensive invasive therapy such as occlusal adjustments and surgery to change mechanical factors may not be justified in many cases. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "A population based cross-sectional study of 4200 randomly selected adults registered with a General Medical Practice in North West, England. The study examined the association of chronic oro-facial pain with a variety of self-reported mechanical factors: teeth grinding, facial trauma, missing teeth and the feeling that the teeth did not fit together properly. Information was also collected on demographic factors, psychological factors and the reporting of other frequently unexplained syndromes."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVES, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
10,966,943 | Amblyopia: is visual loss permanent? | {
"contexts": [
"The records of 465 patients with an established diagnosis of age related macular degeneration who had attended a specialist macular clinic between 1990 and 1998 were scrutinised. A full clinical examination and standardised refraction had been carried out in 189 of these cases on a minimum of two... | Older people with a history of amblyopia who develop visual loss in the previously normal eye can experience recovery of visual function in the amblyopic eye over a period of time. This recovery in visual function occurs in the wake of visual loss in the fellow eye and the improvement appears to be sustained. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "12 such cases were detected. In nine of these the eye showing improvement of acuity had a history of amblyopia. The mean improvement in distance and near acuity in amblyopic eyes by 12 months was 3.3 and 1.9 lines logMAR respectively. The improvement in acuity generally occurred between 1 and 12 months from baseline and remained stable over the period of follow up."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
23,690,198 | Implementation of epidural analgesia for labor: is the standard of effective analgesia reachable in all women? | {
"contexts": [
"Social and cultural factors combined with little information may prevent the diffusion of epidural analgesia for pain relief during childbirth. The present study was launched contemporarily to the implementation of analgesia for labor in our Department in order to perform a 2 years audit on its u... | Present audit shows that the process of implementation of labor analgesia was quick, successful and safe, notwithstanding the identification of one cluster of women with suboptimal response to epidural analgesia that need to be further studies, overall pregnant womens'adhesion to labor analgesia was satisfactory. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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| "During the audit period epidural analgesia increased from 15.5% of all labors in the first trimester of the study to 51% in the last trimester (p<0.005). Satisfaction levels reported by patients and care givers were good. A hierarchical clustering analysis identified two clusters based on VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) time course: in 226 patients (cluster 1) VAS decreased from 8.5±1.4 before to 4.1±1.3 after epidural analgesia; in 1002 patients (cluster 2) VAS decreased from 8.12±1.7 before (NS vs cluster 1), to 0.76±0.79 after (p<0.001 vs before and vs cluster 2 after). No other differences between clusters were observed."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, PATIENTS AND METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
17,940,352 | Does HER2 immunoreactivity provide prognostic information in locally advanced urothelial carcinoma patients receiving adjuvant M-VEC chemotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the impact of HER2 immunoreactivity on clinical outcome in locally advanced urothelial carcinoma patients who received surgery alone, or methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin (M-VEC) as adjuvant chemotherapy.",
"We studied 114 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specim... | HER2 immunoreactivity might have a limited prognostic value for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients with adjuvant M-VEC. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "We studied 114 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from locally advanced urothelial carcinoma patients receiving surgery alone or adjuvant M-VEC. The authors evaluated HER2 immunoreactivity using immunohistochemical staining and explored the influence of pathological parameters and HER2 immunoreactivity on progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariate Cox's analyses."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS or RESULTS ? | MATERIALS AND METHODS |
20,537,205 | Is halofantrine ototoxic? | {
"contexts": [
"Halofantrine is a newly developed antimalarial drug used for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The introduction of this drug has been delayed because of its possible side effects, and due to insufficient studies on adverse reactions in humans. There have been no studies investigatin... | Halofantrine has mild to moderate pathological effects on cochlea histology, and can be considered an ototoxic drug. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "No changes were detected in the control group. The halofantrine therapeutic dose group showed loss and distortion of inner hair cells and inner phalangeal cells, and loss of spiral ganglia cells. In the halofantrine double therapeutic dose group, the inner and outer hair cells were distorted and there was loss of spiral ganglia cells."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
28,707,539 | Visceral adipose tissue area measurement at a single level: can it represent visceral adipose tissue volume? | {
"contexts": [
"Measurement of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) needs to be accurate and sensitive to change for risk monitoring. The purpose of this study is to determine the CT slice location where VAT area can best reflect changes in VAT volume and body weight.",
"60 plain abdominal CT images from 30 males [... | VAT area measurement at a single level 3 cm above the lower margin of the L3 vertebra is feasible and can reflect changes in VAT volume and body weight. Advances in knowledge: As VAT area at a CT slice 3cm above the lower margin of L3 can best reflect interval changes in VAT volume and body weight, VAT area measurement should be selected at this location. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The strongest correlations of VAT area with VAT volume and body weight changes were shown in a slice 3 cm above the lower margin of L3 with r values of 0.853 and 0.902, respectively."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
7,482,275 | Necrotizing fasciitis: an indication for hyperbaric oxygenation therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The accepted treatment protocol for necrotizing fasciitis (NF) consists of extensive surgery and wide spectrum antibiotics. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) has been recommended as adjuvant therapy for NF, improving patient mortality and outcome. However, the beneficial effect of HBO for NF remains c... | The results of this study cast doubt on the suggested advantage of HBO in reducing patient mortality and morbidity when used as adjuvant therapy for NF. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The two groups were found to be similar with regard to age, gender, the incidence of individual risk factors for ominous prognosis, and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score for disease's severity on presentation. The mortality rate among the HBO-treated patients was 36%, as opposed to 25% in the non-HBO group. The mean number of surgical débridements required per patient was significantly higher in the HBO group: 3.3 compared with 1.5 in the non-HBO-treated patients. Although the average length of hospitalization for survivors was shorter for the HBO group, the difference between the groups did not reach statistical significance."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
24,183,388 | Is the Hawkins sign able to predict necrosis in fractures of the neck of the astragalus? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess if the Hawkins sign can predict whether or not astragalus fractures of the neck will develop avascular necrosis. It is also assessed whether the occurrence of this complication is related to the displacement of the fracture, soft tissue injury, or delay in the reduction or surgery. The ... | A positive Hawkins sign rules out that the fractured talus has developed avascular necrosis, but its absence does not confirm it. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "To assess if the Hawkins sign can predict whether or not astragalus fractures of the neck will develop avascular necrosis. It is also assessed whether the occurrence of this complication is related to the displacement of the fracture, soft tissue injury, or delay in the reduction or surgery. The results were compared with those found in the literature."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, MATERIAL AND METHODS or RESULTS ? | OBJECTIVE |
9,645,785 | Is a mandatory general surgery rotation necessary in the surgical clerkship? | {
"contexts": [
"Changes in the spectrum of general surgery and the delivery of surgical care have placed the requirement for a mandatory general surgery rotation in the surgical clerkship in question.",
"We tested the hypothesis that equal mastery of surgical clerkship objectives can be obtained in a clerksh... | Effective undergraduate surgical education can be offered in many specialty settings. Removal of the requirement for general surgery in clerkship may lead to a more effective use of all educational opportunities. A careful analysis of local programs and facilities is necessary before suggesting this change to other institutions. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Changes in the spectrum of general surgery and the delivery of surgical care have placed the requirement for a mandatory general surgery rotation in the surgical clerkship in question."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND |
26,298,839 | Is Acupuncture Efficacious for Treating Phonotraumatic Vocal Pathologies? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.STUDY DESIGN/",
"A total of 123 dysphonic individuals with benign vocal pathologies were recruited. They were given either genuine acupuncture (n = 40), sham acupuncture (n = 44), or no treatment (n ... | The findings showed that acupuncture of voice-related acupoints could bring about improvement in vocal function and healing of vocal fold lesions. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
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"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.STUDY DESIGN/"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVES, METHODS or RESULTS ? | OBJECTIVES |
24,153,338 | Is aneurysm repair justified for the patients aged 80 or older after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"With the advancement of an aging society in the world, an increasing number of elderly patients have been hospitalized due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). There is no study that compares the elderly cases of aSAH who receive the definitive treatment with those who treated conservati... | Better prognosis was obtained when ruptured aneurysm was repaired in the elderly than it was treated conservatively. From the results of this study, we should not hesitate to offer the definitive surgery for the elderly with aSAH. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
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The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "We reviewed 500 consecutive cases with acute aSAH with surgical indication for aneurysm repair. Inoperable cases such as dead-on-arrival and the cases with both pupils dilated were excluded. We compared the cases aged 80 or older that received clipping or coil embolization with the controls that the family selected conservative treatment."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
18,534,072 | Do general practice characteristics influence uptake of an information technology (IT) innovation in primary care? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent evaluations of IT innovations in primary care have highlighted variations between centres and practices in uptake and use. We evaluated whether structural characteristics of a general practice were associated with variations in use of a web-based clinical information system underpinning a ... | The analyses show that structural characteristics of a practice are not associated with uptake of a new IT facility, but that its use may be influenced by post-graduate education in the relevant clinical condition. For this diabetes system at least, practice nurse use was critical in spreading uptake beyond initial GP enthusiasts and for sustained and rising use in subsequent years. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Initially there were a few practices which made very frequent use of the information system, with relatively high numbers of practices using the facility infrequently. However, overall use gradually became more evenly spread. This effect was particularly evident among nurse users. Frequent use by GPs was evident in only a small number of practices, with mean GP use decreasing over the three years. In linear regression analyses, none of the general practice variables were associated with online use, either overall or stratified by staff type, except for the numbers of diabetes-educated staff. This was consistently associated with increased use by nurses and GPs."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
8,847,047 | Prognosis of well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma--is well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma clinically early cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not well differentiated (w-d) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is indeed clinically early cancer.",
"Seventy six patients with solitary small HCCs up to 3 cm in diameter, who underwent hepatectomy, were observed for at least 2 years for possibl... | W-d HCCs were clinically demonstrated not to be early cancer, because there was no significant difference in disease free survival between the patients with w-d and l-d HCCs. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not well differentiated (w-d) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is indeed clinically early cancer."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: AIMS, MATERIALS AND METHODS or RESULTS ? | AIMS |
10,575,390 | Do follow-up recommendations for abnormal Papanicolaou smears influence patient adherence? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare adherence to follow-up recommendations for colposcopy or repeated Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for women with previously abnormal Pap smear results.",
"Retrospective cohort study.",
"Three northern California family planning clinics.",
"All women with abnormal Pap smear result... | Adherence to follow-up was low in this family planning clinic population, no matter what type of follow-up was advised. Adherence was improved by the use of up to 3 reminders. Allocating resources to effective methods for improving adherence to follow-up of abnormal results may be more important than which follow-up procedure is recommended. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Three northern California family planning clinics."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, INTERVENTION, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES or RESULTS ? | SETTING |
20,084,845 | Biomolecular identification of allergenic pollen: a new perspective for aerobiological monitoring? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate and updated information on airborne pollen in specific areas can help allergic patients. Current monitoring systems are based on a morphologic identification approach, a time-consuming method that may represent a limiting factor for sampling network enhancement.",
"To verify the feas... | The real-time PCR approach revealed promising results in pollen identification and quantification, even when analyzing pollen mixes. Future perspectives could concern the development of multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of different taxa in the same reaction tube and the application of high-throughput molecular methods. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Accurate and updated information on airborne pollen in specific areas can help allergic patients. Current monitoring systems are based on a morphologic identification approach, a time-consuming method that may represent a limiting factor for sampling network enhancement."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND |
15,703,931 | Does diabetes mellitus influence the efficacy of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) may have additional value in the assessment of primary and recurrent cervical cancer. However, the degree of tumour uptake of (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG) uptake is sometime... | In comparison with its accuracy in non-DM patients, the accuracy of PET in cervical cancer patients with mild to moderate DM was not significantly reduced. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "From February 2001 to January 2003, 219 patients (75 with primary and 144 with recurrent cervical cancer) were eligible for analysis. Sixteen had hyperglycaemic DM, 12 had euglycaemic DM and 191 were in the non-DM group. The diagnostic power of PET in the hyperglycaemic DM, euglycaemic DM and non-DM groups did not differ significantly with regard to the identification of either metastatic lesions (AUC, 0.967/0.947/0.925, P>0.05) or primary tumours/local recurrence (AUC, 0.950/0.938/0.979, P>0.05). Considering all DM patients, PET showed a significantly higher detection power than MRI/CT scans in respect of metastatic lesions (AUC=0.956 vs 0.824, P=0.012)."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: PURPOSE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
18,269,157 | Biomechanical and wound healing characteristics of corneas after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery: is there a difference between advanced surface ablation and sub-Bowman's keratomileusis? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the biomechanical and wound healing characteristics of corneas after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery.",
"Histologic, ultrastructural, and cohesive tensile strength evaluations were performed on 25 normal human corneal specimens, 206 uncomplicated LASIK specimens, 17 uncompl... | Ophthalmic pathology and basic science research show that SBK and ASA are improvements in excimer laser keratorefractive surgery compared to conventional LASIK or PRK, particularly with regard to maintaining corneal biomechanics and perhaps moderately reducing the risk of corneal haze. However, most of the disadvantages caused by wound healing issues remain. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Histologic and ultrastructural studies of normal corneas showed significant differences in the direction of collagen fibrils and/or the degree of lamellar interweaving in Bowman's layer, the anterior third of the corneal stroma, the posterior two-thirds of the corneal stroma, and Descemet's membrane. Cohesive tensile strength testing directly supported these morphologic findings as the stronger, more rigid regions of the cornea were located anteriorly and peripherally. This suggests that PRK and ASA, and secondarily SBK, should be biomechanically safer than conventional LASIK with regard to risk for causing keratectasia after surgery. Because adult human corneal stromal wounds heal slowly and incompletely, all excimer laser keratorefractive surgical techniques still have some distinct disadvantages due to inadequate reparative wound healing. Despite reducing some of the risk for corneal haze compared to conventional PRK, ASA cases still can develop corneal haze or breakthrough haze from the hypercellular fibrotic stromal scarring. In contrast, similar to conventional LASIK, SBK still has the short- and long-term potential for interface wound complications from the hypocellular primitive stromal scar."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: PURPOSE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
25,489,696 | Does radiotherapy of the primary rectal cancer affect prognosis after pelvic exenteration for recurrent rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Radiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates but is also capable of short- and long-term toxicity. It may also render treatment of local recurrence more challenging if it develops despite previous radiotherapy.",
"This study examined the impact of radiotherapy for the primary rectal cancer on ... | Patients who previously received radiotherapy for primary rectal cancer treatment have worse oncologic outcomes than those who had not received radiotherapy after pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "There were 108 patients, of which 87 were eligible for analysis. Patients who received radiotherapy for their primary rectal cancer (n = 41) required more radical exenterations (68% vs 44%; p = 0.020), had lower rates of clear resection margins (63% vs 87%; p = 0.010), had increased rates of surgical complications per patient (p = 0.014), and had a lower disease-free survival (p = 0.022). Overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with clear margins were also lower in the primary irradiated patients (p = 0.049 and p<0.0001). This difference in survival persisted in multivariate analysis that corrected for T and N stages of the primary tumor."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES, RESULTS or LIMITATIONS ? | RESULTS |
14,599,616 | Can a practicing surgeon detect early lymphedema reliably? | {
"contexts": [
"Lymphedema may be identified by simpler circumference changes as compared with changes in limb volume.",
"Ninety breast cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in an academic trial, and seven upper extremity circumferences were measured quarterly for 3 years. A 10% volume increase or grea... | An increase of 5% in circumference measurements identified the most potential lymphedema cases compared with an academic trial. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Ninety breast cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in an academic trial, and seven upper extremity circumferences were measured quarterly for 3 years. A 10% volume increase or greater than 1 cm increase in arm circumference identified lymphedema with verification by a lymphedema specialist. Sensitivity and specificity of several different criteria for detecting lymphedema were compared using the academic trial as the standard."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
22,537,902 | Colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: does global management at the same centre improve results? | {
"contexts": [
"Synchronous liver metastases (SLM) occur in 20% of colorectal cancers (CRC). Resection of SLM and CLC can be undertaken at different centres (separate management, SM) or at the same centre (global management, GM).",
"Retrospective study of SLM and CRC resections carried out during 01/2000 - 1... | GM of CRC and SLM was associated with fewer procedures but did not influence overall survival. SM was associated with a longer delay and increased use of chemotherapy between procedures, suggesting that more rigorous selection of SM patients for surgery may explain the higher disease-free survival after SLM resection. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Morphologic characteristics and type of CRC and SLM resection were similar for the GM (n = 45) or SM (n = 66) groups. In patients with delayed liver resection (62 SM, 17 GM), chemotherapy prior to liver surgery was used in 92% and 38% of SM and GM patients (P<0.0001) and the median delay between procedures was 212 and 182 days, respectively (P = 0.04). First step of liver resection was more often performed during colorectal surgery in the GM group (62 vs. 6% for SM, P<0.0001) and the mean number of procedures (CRC+SLM) was lower (1.6 vs. 2.3, P = 0.003). Three-month mortality was 3% for GM and 0% for SM (n.s.). Overall survival rates were 67% and 51% for SM and GM at 3 years (n.s.), and 35 and 31% at 5 years (n.s.). Disease-free survival to 5 years was higher in SM patients (14% vs. 11%, P = 0.009)."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
19,054,501 | Is motion perception deficit in schizophrenia a consequence of eye-tracking abnormality? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies have shown that schizophrenia patients have motion perception deficit, which was thought to cause eye-tracking abnormality in schizophrenia. However, eye movement closely interacts with motion perception. The known eye-tracking difficulties in schizophrenia patients may interact with thei... | Speed discrimination, per se, is not impaired in schizophrenia patients. The observed abnormality appears to be a consequence of impairment in generating or integrating the feedback information from eye movements. This study introduces a novel approach to motion perception studies and highlights the importance of concurrently measuring eye movements to understand interactions between these two systems; the results argue for a conceptual revision regarding motion perception abnormality in schizophrenia. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Two speed discrimination experiments were conducted in a within-subject design. In experiment 1, the stimulus duration was 150 msec to minimize the chance of eye-tracking occurrence. In experiment 2, the duration was increased to 300 msec, increasing the possibility of eye movement intrusion. Regular eye-tracking performance was evaluated in a third experiment."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
16,432,652 | Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously reported the feasibility of diagnostic and therapeutic peritoneoscopy including liver biopsy, gastrojejunostomy, and tubal ligation by an oral transgastric approach. We present results of per-oral transgastric splenectomy in a porcine model. The goal of this study was to determ... | Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy in a porcine model appears technically feasible. Additional long-term survival experiments are planned. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Endoscopic splenectomy was performed on six pigs. There were no complications during gastric incision and entrance into the peritoneal cavity. Visualization of the spleen and other intraperitoneal organs was very good. Ligation of the splenic vessels and mobilization of the spleen were achieved using commercially available devices and endoscopic accessories."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
19,504,993 | It's Fournier's gangrene still dangerous? | {
"contexts": [
"Fournier's gangrene is known to have an impact in the morbidity and despite antibiotics and aggressive debridement, the mortality rate remains high.",
"To assess the morbidity and mortality in the treatment of Fournier's gangrene in our experience.",
"The medical records of 14 patients wi... | The interval from the onset of clinical symptoms to the initial surgical intervention seems to be the most important prognostic factor with a significant impact on outcome. Despite extensive therapeutic efforts, Fournier's gangrene remains a surgical emergency and early recognition with prompt radical debridement is the mainstays of management. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Of the 14 patients, 5 died and 9 survived. Mean age was 54 years (range from 41-61): it was 53 years in the group of survivors and 62 years in deceased group. There was a significant difference in leukocyte count between patients who survived (range 4900-17000/mm) and those died (range 20.300-31000/mm3). Mean hospital stay was about 19 days (range 2-57 days)."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
20,571,467 | Is it appropriate to implant kidneys from elderly donors in young recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Kidneys from elderly donors tend to be implanted in recipients who are also elderly. We present the results obtained after 10 years of evolution on transplanting elderly kidneys into young recipients.",
"Ninety-one consecutive transplants are studied, carried out in our center with kidneys fr... | We conclude that patient and graft survival on transplanting kidneys from elderly donors to young recipients is superimposable on that obtained with young donors. However, renal function is better in the group of young donors. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Kidneys from elderly donors tend to be implanted in recipients who are also elderly. We present the results obtained after 10 years of evolution on transplanting elderly kidneys into young recipients."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND |
24,237,112 | Do provider service networks result in lower expenditures compared with HMOs or primary care case management in Florida's Medicaid program? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the impact of Florida's Medicaid Demonstration 4 years post-implementation on per member per month (PMPM) Medicaid expenditures and whether receiving care through HMOs versus provider service networks (PSNs) in the Demonstration was associated with PMPM expenditures.DATA: Florida Med... | The Medicaid Demonstration in Florida appears to result in lower PMPM expenditures. Demonstration PSNs generated slightly greater reductions in expenditures compared to Demonstration HMOs. PSNs appear to be a promising model for delivering care to Medicaid enrollees. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "To determine the impact of Florida's Medicaid Demonstration 4 years post-implementation on per member per month (PMPM) Medicaid expenditures and whether receiving care through HMOs versus provider service networks (PSNs) in the Demonstration was associated with PMPM expenditures.DATA: Florida Medicaid claims from two fiscal years prior to implementation of the Demonstration (FY0405, FY0506) and the first four fiscal years after implementation (FY0607-FY0910) from two urban Demonstration counties and two urban non-Demonstration counties."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, STUDY DESIGN, DATA EXTRACTION or PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ? | OBJECTIVE |
21,402,341 | Assessment of carotid artery stenosis before coronary artery bypass surgery. Is it always necessary? | {
"contexts": [
"Extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is a risk factor for perioperative stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB). Although selective and non-selective methods of preoperative carotid screening have been advocated, it remains unclear if this screening is clinical... | In our cohort, selective screening of patients aged>70 years, with carotid bruit, a history of cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or PVD would have reduced the screening load by 40%, with trivial impact on surgical management or neurological outcomes. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The case records of patients consecutively undergoing CAB were reviewed. Patients were stratified retrospectively into high- or low-risk groups according to risk factors for significant carotid stenosis and perioperative stroke: peripheral vascular disease (PVD), carotid bruit, diabetes mellitus, age>70 years and/or history of cerebrovascular disease. Prevalence of carotid stenosis detected by ultrasonography, surgical management and perioperative stroke rates were determined in each group."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
20,082,356 | Should direct mesocolon invasion be included in T4 for the staging of gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the sites most frequently invaded by gastric cancer is the mesocolon; however, the UICC does not mention this anatomical site as an adjacent structure involved in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify mesocolon invasion from gastric cancer.",
"We ex... | Mesocolon invasion should be included in T4 for the staging of gastric cancer. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "One of the sites most frequently invaded by gastric cancer is the mesocolon; however, the UICC does not mention this anatomical site as an adjacent structure involved in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify mesocolon invasion from gastric cancer."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES |
26,606,599 | Do Surrogates of Injury Severity Influence the Occurrence of Heterotopic Ossification in Fractures of the Acetabulum? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relationship between injury severity surrogates and other patient factors with the development and severity of heterotopic ossification (HO) following open reduction internal fixation of acetabular fractures treated with a posterior approach.",
"Retrospective review.",
"A... | Surrogates of injury severity, including days in the ICU and non-ICU hospital LOS>10 days, were associated with the development of HO in our cohort of acetabular fracture patients. Prophylaxis with XRT was significantly protective against the development of HO, and the ability to provide prophylaxis is very likely related to the severity of injury. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "None."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVES, DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTION, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES, RESULTS or ICU LOS ? | INTERVENTION |
11,340,218 | Does pretreatment with statins improve clinical outcome after stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"In primary and secondary prevention trials, statins have been shown to reduce the risk of stroke. In addition to lipid lowering, statins have a number of antiatherothrombotic and neuroprotective properties. In a preliminary observational study, we explored whether clinical outcome is improved in ... | The statistical power of this case-referent study was such that only large beneficial effects of statins in acute stroke could be confirmed. However, the observed trend, together with experimental observations, is interesting enough to warrant a more detailed analysis of the relationship between statins and stroke outcome. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "In primary and secondary prevention trials, statins have been shown to reduce the risk of stroke. In addition to lipid lowering, statins have a number of antiatherothrombotic and neuroprotective properties. In a preliminary observational study, we explored whether clinical outcome is improved in patients who are on treatment with statins when stroke occurs."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE |
25,481,573 | Processing fluency effects: can the content and presentation of participant information sheets influence recruitment and participation for an antenatal intervention? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the extent to which the title and font of participant information sheets (PISs) can influence pregnant women's and trainee midwives' perceptions of an antenatal intervention.",
"Pregnant women (n=35) and trainee midwives (n=36) were randomly presented with one of four PISs where the... | Font influenced pregnant women's ratings of intervention complexity. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "To assess the extent to which the title and font of participant information sheets (PISs) can influence pregnant women's and trainee midwives' perceptions of an antenatal intervention."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | OBJECTIVE |
25,277,731 | Sternal fracture in growing children : A rare and often overlooked fracture? | {
"contexts": [
"Sternal fractures in childhood are rare. The aim of the study was to investigate the accident mechanism, the detection of radiological and sonographical criteria and consideration of associated injuries.",
"In the period from January 2010 to December 2012 all inpatients and outpatients with s... | Isolated sternal fractures in childhood are often due to typical age-related traumatic incidents. Ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic tool for fracture detection and radiography is the method of choice for visualization of the extent of the dislocation. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "In the period from January 2010 to December 2012 all inpatients and outpatients with sternal fractures were recorded according to the documentation."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHOD or RESULTS ? | METHOD |
25,475,395 | Is there a correlation between androgens and sexual desire in women? | {
"contexts": [
"For women, the correlation between circulating androgens and sexual desire is inconclusive. Substitution with androgens at physiological levels improves sexual function in women who experience decreased sexual desire and androgen deficiency from surgical menopause, pituitary disease, and age-rela... | In the present study, FT and androstenedione were statistically significantly correlated with sexual desire in the total cohort of women. ADT-G did not correlate more strongly than circulating androgens with sexual desire and is therefore not superior to measuring circulating androgens by mass spectrometry. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "This was a cross-sectional study including 560 healthy women aged 19-65 years divided into three age groups. Correlations were considered to be statistically significant at P<0.05."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: INTRODUCTION, METHODS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE or RESULTS ? | METHODS |
23,177,368 | Does immediate breast reconstruction compromise the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) provides psychological benefit to many early breast cancer patients however concerns persist regarding its potential impact on chemotherapy delivery. We investigated the association between IBR, complications and adjuvant chemotherapy delivery.",
"Retrosp... | We found no evidence that IBR compromised the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy, although there was a significant incidence of implant infection. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) provides psychological benefit to many early breast cancer patients however concerns persist regarding its potential impact on chemotherapy delivery. We investigated the association between IBR, complications and adjuvant chemotherapy delivery."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHOD or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND |
17,179,167 | Human papillomavirus and pterygium. Is the virus a risk factor? | {
"contexts": [
"Pterygium is a disease of unknown origin and pathogenesis that might be vision threatening. It is characterised by a wing-like conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. Several studies have investigated human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for the development of pterygia, but the results are ... | The low presence of HPV DNA in pterygia does not support the hypothesis that HPV is involved in the development of pterygia in Denmark. | maybe | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Pterygium is a disease of unknown origin and pathogenesis that might be vision threatening. It is characterised by a wing-like conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. Several studies have investigated human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for the development of pterygia, but the results are inconclusive.AIM: To investigate a large sample of pterygia for the presence of HPV in order to clarify the putative association between pterygia and HPV."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | BACKGROUND |
14,612,308 | Can PRISM predict length of PICU stay? | {
"contexts": [
"PRISM is claimed to score disease severity which has attributed an impact on length of PICU stay (LOS).",
"To determine the impact of PRISM on LOS, and evaluate an Artificial Neural Network's (ANN) performance to estimate LOS from PRISM item patterns.",
"Retrospectively we performed corre... | The ANN with its intrinsic ability to detect non-linear correlation, and to relate specific item patterns to LOS, outperformed linear statistics but was still disappointing in estimating individual LOS. It might be speculated that therapeutic intervention modulates the natural course of the disease thus counteracting both disease severity as initially scored by PRISM, and LOS. This being true, the inverse of the correlation between PRISM (or PRISM based LOS estimate) and LOS might be a candidate indicator of quality of care. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The Spearman and Pearson coefficients of correlation between PRISM and LOS were 0.2 (p<0.001) and 0.08 (p = 0.0003), the latter being slightly higher when LOS was logarithmically transformed. Pearson's coefficient of correlation between ANN derived LOS estimate and actual LOS was 0.21 (p<0.001) (LOS logarithmically transformed: 0.34; p<0.001) in the independent validation sample."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: UNLABELLED, PRIMARY OBJECTIVE, RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS or MAIN RESULTS ? | MAIN RESULTS |
27,491,658 | Can predilatation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation be omitted? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of a balloon expandable stent valve includes balloon predilatation of the aortic stenosis before valve deployment. The aim of the study was to see whether or not balloon predilatation is necessary in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI).",
"Sixty consecutive TAVI patients wer... | TAVI can be performed safely without balloon predilatation and with the same early results as achieved with the standard procedure including balloon predilatation. The reduction in the number of pacing periods required may be beneficial for the patient. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "There were no significant differences between the groups regarding early hemodynamic results or complication rates."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
19,822,586 | Autoerotic asphyxiation: secret pleasure--lethal outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"Voluntary asphyxiation among children, preteens, and adolescents by hanging or other means of inducing hypoxia/anoxia to enhance sexual excitement is not uncommon and can lead to unintended death. This study addresses autoerotic asphyxiation (AEA) with the intent of increasing pediatricians' know... | Pediatricians should be alert to the earliest manifestations of AEA. Awareness of choking games among the young and, of those, a subset who eventually progress to potentially fatal AEA is strongly encouraged among all primary care professionals who may be able to interrupt the behavior. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "AEA can be conceptualized as a personalized, ritualized, and symbolic biopsychosocial drama. It seems to be a reenactment of intense emotional feeling-states involving an identification and sadomasochistic relationship with a female figure. Inept AEA practitioners can miscalculate the peril of the situation that they have contrived and for numerous reasons lose their gamble with death."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
27,643,961 | Major depression and alcohol use disorder in adolescence: Does comorbidity lead to poorer outcomes of depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Comorbid major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly in adolescents, have been shown to be associated with poorer subsequent MD outcomes.",
"Longitudinal data were used to model associations between a four-level classification of MD/AUD during the period 15-18 years (ne... | The results of these analyses suggest that marginally higher rates of depression to age 35 amongst the comorbid MD/AUD group were explained by increased exposure to adverse childhood circumstances amongst members of the comorbid group. Adolescent MD/AUD comorbidity is likely to be a risk marker, rather than a causal factor in subsequent MD. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Comorbid major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly in adolescents, have been shown to be associated with poorer subsequent MD outcomes."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: BACKGROUND, METHODS, RESULTS or LIMITATIONS ? | BACKGROUND |
23,539,689 | Cold preparation use in young children after FDA warnings: do concerns still exist? | {
"contexts": [
"To characterize the use and delivery of cough and cold medicines in children younger than 6 presenting to an inner-city pediatric emergency department (PED) following 2007 FDA warnings.",
"A cross-sectional observational study was performed using a convenience sampling of PED patients during ... | Despite current recommendations, cough and cold medicines are still used in children younger than 6 years of age. A significant portion of caregivers report that they are still unaware of public warnings, potential side effects, and interactions with other medications. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "In all, 65 patients and their caregivers consented and participated in the study. During the demonstration, 82% (53/65) stated that they would treat with cough or cold medicines, and 72% (38/53) incorrectly dosed the medication they desired to give."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: OBJECTIVE, METHODS or RESULTS ? | RESULTS |
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