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additive models @xcite provide an important family of models for semiparametric regression or classification . some reasons for the success of additive models are their increased flexibility when compared to linear or generalized linear models and their increased interpretability when compared to fully nonparametric mo... | additive models play an important role in semiparametric statistics .
this paper gives learning rates for regularized kernel based methods for additive models .
these learning rates compare favourably in particular in high dimensions to recent results on optimal learning rates for purely nonparametric regularized ... | introduction
main results on learning rates
comparison of learning rates | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: additive models play an important role in semiparametric statistics .
this paper gives learning rates for regularized kernel based methods for additive models .
these learning rates compare favourably in particular in high dimensions t... | additive models @xcite provide an important family of models for semiparametric regression or classification . some reasons for the success of additive models are their increased flexibility when compared to linear or generalized linear models and their increased interpretability when compared to fully nonparametric mo... |
the leptonic decays of a charged pseudoscalar meson @xmath7 are processes of the type @xmath8 , where @xmath9 , @xmath10 , or @xmath11 . because no strong interactions are present in the leptonic final state @xmath12 , such decays provide a clean way to probe the complex , strong interactions that bind the quark and an... | we have studied the leptonic decay @xmath0 , via the decay channel @xmath1 , using a sample of tagged @xmath2 decays collected near the @xmath3 peak production energy in @xmath4 collisions with the cleo - c detector .
we obtain @xmath5 and determine the decay constant @xmath6 mev , where the first uncertainties are... | [sec:introduction]introduction
[sec:detector]data and the cleo- detector
[sec:analysys]analysis method
[sec:conclusion]summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we have studied the leptonic decay @xmath0 , via the decay channel @xmath1 , using a sample of tagged @xmath2 decays collected near the @xmath3 peak production energy in @xmath4 collisions with the cleo - c detector .
we obtain @xmath5 a... | the leptonic decays of a charged pseudoscalar meson @xmath7 are processes of the type @xmath8 , where @xmath9 , @xmath10 , or @xmath11 . because no strong interactions are present in the leptonic final state @xmath12 , such decays provide a clean way to probe the complex , strong interactions that bind the quark and an... |
the transport properties of nonlinear non - equilibrium dynamical systems are far from well - understood@xcite .
consider in particular so - called ratchet systems which are asymmetric periodic potentials where an ensemble of particles experience directed transport@xcite .
the origins of the interest in this lie in con... | in 84 , 258 ( 2000 ) , mateos conjectured that current reversal in a classical deterministic ratchet is associated with bifurcations from chaotic to periodic regimes .
this is based on the comparison of the current and the bifurcation diagram as a function of a given parameter for a periodic asymmetric potential .
... | introduction
regularity and chaos in single-particle ratchet dynamics
ensemble currents
the relationship between bifurcation diagrams and ensemble currents
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in 84 , 258 ( 2000 ) , mateos conjectured that current reversal in a classical deterministic ratchet is associated with bifurcations from chaotic to periodic regimes .
this is based on the comparison of the current and the bifurcation di... | the transport properties of nonlinear non - equilibrium dynamical systems are far from well - understood@xcite .
consider in particular so - called ratchet systems which are asymmetric periodic potentials where an ensemble of particles experience directed transport@xcite .
the origins of the interest in this lie in con... |
studies of laser beams propagating through turbulent atmospheres are important for many applications such as remote sensing , tracking , and long - distance optical communications .
howerver , fully coherent laser beams are very sensitive to fluctuations of the atmospheric refractive index .
the initially coherent lase... | the effect of a random phase diffuser on fluctuations of laser light ( scintillations ) is studied .
not only spatial but also temporal phase variations introduced by the phase diffuser are analyzed .
the explicit dependence of the scintillation index on finite - time phase variations is obtained for long propagat... | introduction
the method of photon distribution function in the problem of scintillations.
a phase diffuser with finite correlation time
discussion
conclusion
acknowledgment | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the effect of a random phase diffuser on fluctuations of laser light ( scintillations ) is studied .
not only spatial but also temporal phase variations introduced by the phase diffuser are analyzed .
the explicit dependence of the sci... | studies of laser beams propagating through turbulent atmospheres are important for many applications such as remote sensing , tracking , and long - distance optical communications .
howerver , fully coherent laser beams are very sensitive to fluctuations of the atmospheric refractive index .
the initially coherent lase... |
the so - called `` nucleon spin crisis '' raised by the european muon collaboration ( emc ) measurement in 1988 is one of the most outstanding findings in the field of hadron physics @xcite,@xcite .
the renaissance of the physics of high energy deep inelastic scatterings is greatly indebted to this epoch - making findi... | with a special intention of clarifying the underlying spin contents of the nucleon , we investigate the generalized form factors of the nucleon , which are defined as the @xmath0-th @xmath1-moments of the generalized parton distribution functions , within the framework of the chiral quark soliton model .
a particula... | introduction
model lagrangian with pion mass term
generalized form factors in the cqsm
numerical results and discussions
concluding remarks
proof of the momentum sum rule | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: with a special intention of clarifying the underlying spin contents of the nucleon , we investigate the generalized form factors of the nucleon , which are defined as the @xmath0-th @xmath1-moments of the generalized parton distribution fu... | the so - called `` nucleon spin crisis '' raised by the european muon collaboration ( emc ) measurement in 1988 is one of the most outstanding findings in the field of hadron physics @xcite,@xcite .
the renaissance of the physics of high energy deep inelastic scatterings is greatly indebted to this epoch - making findi... |
let @xmath1 . let @xmath2\longrightarrow [
0,\pi_{p , q}/2]$ ] be the integral @xmath3 where @xmath4 . the @xmath0-_sine functions _
, @xmath5 , $ ] are defined to be the inverses of @xmath6 , @xmath7\ ] ] extended to @xmath8 by the rules @xmath9 which make them periodic , continuous , odd with respect to 0 and even wi... | we improve the currently known thresholds for basisness of the family of periodically dilated @xmath0-sine functions .
our findings rely on a beurling decomposition of the corresponding change of coordinates in terms of shift operators of infinite multiplicity .
we also determine refined bounds on the riesz consta... | introduction
linear independence
the different components of the change of coordinates map
invertibility and bounds on the riesz constant
riesz basis properties beyond the applicability of
the case of equal indices
the thresholds for invertibility and the regions of improvement
the shape of @xmath468 as @xmath469
basic... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we improve the currently known thresholds for basisness of the family of periodically dilated @xmath0-sine functions .
our findings rely on a beurling decomposition of the corresponding change of coordinates in terms of shift operators o... | let @xmath1 . let @xmath2\longrightarrow [
0,\pi_{p , q}/2]$ ] be the integral @xmath3 where @xmath4 . the @xmath0-_sine functions _
, @xmath5 , $ ] are defined to be the inverses of @xmath6 , @xmath7\ ] ] extended to @xmath8 by the rules @xmath9 which make them periodic , continuous , odd with respect to 0 and even wi... |
the simulations we discuss here allowed us to obtain spectra of the shg response .
we employed comsol multiphysics software ( www.comsol.com ) in order to perform simulations of the linear optical response as described in ref .
@xcite . a unit cell containing a single sic pillar attached to the sic substrate
was constr... | we report on strong enhancement of mid - infrared second harmonic generation ( shg ) from sic nanopillars due to the resonant excitation of localized surface phonon - polaritons within the reststrahlen band .
the magnitude of the shg peak at the monopole mode experiences a strong dependence on the resonant frequency... | supplementary information: + numerical simulations | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report on strong enhancement of mid - infrared second harmonic generation ( shg ) from sic nanopillars due to the resonant excitation of localized surface phonon - polaritons within the reststrahlen band .
the magnitude of the shg pea... | the simulations we discuss here allowed us to obtain spectra of the shg response .
we employed comsol multiphysics software ( www.comsol.com ) in order to perform simulations of the linear optical response as described in ref .
@xcite . a unit cell containing a single sic pillar attached to the sic substrate
was constr... |
with significant research efforts being directed to the development of neurocomputers based on the functionalities of the brain , a seismic shift is expected in the domain of computing based on the traditional von - neumann model .
the @xmath0 @xcite , @xmath1 @xcite and the ibm @xmath2 @xcite are instances of recent f... | synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans .
although traditionally non - volatile long - term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphic applications , recent studies in neuroscience have revealed that biological sy... | introduction
formalism
results and discussions
conclusions
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans .
although traditionally non - volatile long - term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphi... | with significant research efforts being directed to the development of neurocomputers based on the functionalities of the brain , a seismic shift is expected in the domain of computing based on the traditional von - neumann model .
the @xmath0 @xcite , @xmath1 @xcite and the ibm @xmath2 @xcite are instances of recent f... |
the segmentation process as a whole can be thought of as consisting of two tasks : recognition and delineation .
recognition is to determine roughly `` where '' the object is and to distinguish it from other object - like entities .
although delineation is the final step for defining the spatial extent of the object re... | this paper investigates , using prior shape models and the concept of ball scale ( b - scale ) , ways of automatically recognizing objects in 3d images without performing elaborate searches or optimization .
that is , the goal is to place the model in a single shot close to the right pose ( position , orientation , ... | introduction
methods
model building
conclusion
acknowledgement | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: this paper investigates , using prior shape models and the concept of ball scale ( b - scale ) , ways of automatically recognizing objects in 3d images without performing elaborate searches or optimization .
that is , the goal is to plac... | the segmentation process as a whole can be thought of as consisting of two tasks : recognition and delineation .
recognition is to determine roughly `` where '' the object is and to distinguish it from other object - like entities .
although delineation is the final step for defining the spatial extent of the object re... |
one surprising result that has come out of the more than 200 extrasolar planet discoveries to date is the wide range of eccentricities observed . unlike our own solar system
, many of the extrasolar planets which are not tidally locked to their host stars have moderate eccentricities ( @xmath1 ) , and 15 planets have h... | long time coverage and high radial velocity precision have allowed for the discovery of additional objects in known planetary systems .
many of the extrasolar planets detected have highly eccentric orbits , which raises the question of how likely those systems are to host additional planets .
we investigate six sy... | introduction
observations and data analysis
results and discussion
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: long time coverage and high radial velocity precision have allowed for the discovery of additional objects in known planetary systems .
many of the extrasolar planets detected have highly eccentric orbits , which raises the question of h... | one surprising result that has come out of the more than 200 extrasolar planet discoveries to date is the wide range of eccentricities observed . unlike our own solar system
, many of the extrasolar planets which are not tidally locked to their host stars have moderate eccentricities ( @xmath1 ) , and 15 planets have h... |
biological aggregations such as fish schools , bird flocks , bacterial colonies , and insect swarms @xcite have characteristic morphologies governed by the group members interactions with each other and with their environment .
the _ endogenous _ interactions , _
i.e. _ , those between individuals , often involve organ... | we study equilibrium configurations of swarming biological organisms subject to exogenous and pairwise endogenous forces . beginning with a discrete dynamical model
, we derive a variational description of the corresponding continuum population density .
equilibrium solutions are extrema of an energy functional , ... | introduction
mathematical formulation
examples with a repulsive social force
examples with a morse-type social force
modeling a locust swarm: examples with a gravitational potential
conclusions
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study equilibrium configurations of swarming biological organisms subject to exogenous and pairwise endogenous forces . beginning with a discrete dynamical model
, we derive a variational description of the corresponding continuum pop... | biological aggregations such as fish schools , bird flocks , bacterial colonies , and insect swarms @xcite have characteristic morphologies governed by the group members interactions with each other and with their environment .
the _ endogenous _ interactions , _
i.e. _ , those between individuals , often involve organ... |
studies of charm decays are pursued for several different reasons .
first of all , there is the possibility of directly observing new physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) , since the effects of cp violation due to sm processes is highly suppressed allowing new physics contributions to be more easily seen than in @x... | i discuss new results on absolute branching ratios of charm mesons into specific exclusive final states , cabibbo suppressed decay rates , inclusive decays to @xmath0 mesons , limits on @xmath1 mixing , cp violation and t violation .
preliminary results from cleo - c now dominate the world average absolute branching... | introduction
experimental techniques
absolute charm meson branching ratios and other hadronic decays | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: i discuss new results on absolute branching ratios of charm mesons into specific exclusive final states , cabibbo suppressed decay rates , inclusive decays to @xmath0 mesons , limits on @xmath1 mixing , cp violation and t violation .
pre... | studies of charm decays are pursued for several different reasons .
first of all , there is the possibility of directly observing new physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) , since the effects of cp violation due to sm processes is highly suppressed allowing new physics contributions to be more easily seen than in @x... |
quantum - mechanical fluctuations during an early epoch of inflation provide a plausible mechanism to generate the energy - density perturbations responsible for observed cosmological structure . while it has been known for quite some time that inflation is consistent with open spatial hypersurfaces ( gott 1982 ; guth ... | cut - sky orthogonal mode analyses of the @xmath0-dmr 53 and 90 ghz sky maps are used to determine the normalization of a variety of open cosmogonical models based on the cold dark matter scenario . to constrain the allowed cosmological - parameter range for these open cosmogonies , the predictions of the dmr - normal... | introduction
open-bubble inflation models
cmb anisotropy normalization procedure
computation of large-scale structure statistics
current observational constraints on dmr-normalized models
discussion and conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: cut - sky orthogonal mode analyses of the @xmath0-dmr 53 and 90 ghz sky maps are used to determine the normalization of a variety of open cosmogonical models based on the cold dark matter scenario . to constrain the allowed cosmological - ... | quantum - mechanical fluctuations during an early epoch of inflation provide a plausible mechanism to generate the energy - density perturbations responsible for observed cosmological structure . while it has been known for quite some time that inflation is consistent with open spatial hypersurfaces ( gott 1982 ; guth ... |
formation and bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) of molecules @xcite have recently been achieved based on ultracold atoms with magnetically - tuned feshbach resonances @xcite . in these experiments ,
feshbach coupling is induced by tuning a foreign molecular state near the scattering continuum , which allows for an e... | we present a two - channel model to describe the quantum state of two atoms with finite - range interaction near a feshbach resonance .
this model provides a simple picture to analytically derive the wave function and the binding energy of the molecular bound state .
the results agree excellently with the measurem... | introduction
model
scattering length and the molecular eigen state
threshold regime in open channel
feshbach molecules in @xmath102li and @xmath103k
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present a two - channel model to describe the quantum state of two atoms with finite - range interaction near a feshbach resonance .
this model provides a simple picture to analytically derive the wave function and the binding energy ... | formation and bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) of molecules @xcite have recently been achieved based on ultracold atoms with magnetically - tuned feshbach resonances @xcite . in these experiments ,
feshbach coupling is induced by tuning a foreign molecular state near the scattering continuum , which allows for an e... |
the study of supernovae ( sne ) has greatly advanced in the last few years .
intensive and highly automated monitoring of nearby galaxies ( e.g. , li et al .
1996 ; treffers et al .
1997 ; filippenko et al .
2001 ; dimai 2001 ; qiu & hu 2001 ) , wide - field , moderately deep surveys ( e.g. , reiss et al . 1998 ; gal -... | large numbers of supernovae ( sne ) have been discovered in recent years , and many more will be found in the near future . once discovered , further study of a sn and its possible use as an astronomical tool ( e.g. , as a distance estimator ) require knowledge of the sn type .
current classification methods rely al... | introduction
method
results
future prospects and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: large numbers of supernovae ( sne ) have been discovered in recent years , and many more will be found in the near future . once discovered , further study of a sn and its possible use as an astronomical tool ( e.g. , as a distance estimat... | the study of supernovae ( sne ) has greatly advanced in the last few years .
intensive and highly automated monitoring of nearby galaxies ( e.g. , li et al .
1996 ; treffers et al .
1997 ; filippenko et al .
2001 ; dimai 2001 ; qiu & hu 2001 ) , wide - field , moderately deep surveys ( e.g. , reiss et al . 1998 ; gal -... |
the time varying stern - gerlach , sg , interaction of a relativistic fermion with an e.m .
wave has been proposed to separate beams of particles with opposite spin states corresponding to different energies@xcite .
we will show how spin polarized particle will exchange energy with the electromagnetic field of an rf re... | the general expression of the stern - gerlach force is deduced for a relativistic charged spin-@xmath0 particle which travels inside a time varying magnetic field .
this result was obtained either by means of two lorentz boosts or starting from dirac s equation .
then , the utilization of this interaction for atta... | the relativistic stern-gerlach force
the radio-frequency system
stern-gerlach interaction with the cavity field
concluding remarks
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the general expression of the stern - gerlach force is deduced for a relativistic charged spin-@xmath0 particle which travels inside a time varying magnetic field .
this result was obtained either by means of two lorentz boosts or starti... | the time varying stern - gerlach , sg , interaction of a relativistic fermion with an e.m .
wave has been proposed to separate beams of particles with opposite spin states corresponding to different energies@xcite .
we will show how spin polarized particle will exchange energy with the electromagnetic field of an rf re... |
excitons in semiconductors have been the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations of bose condensation .
low - energy exciton - exciton interactions are characterized by the exciton - exciton scattering length , @xmath5 , which determines the thermodynamics of a low density gas and is crucial for mod... | we calculate cross sections for low energy elastic exciton - exciton scattering within the effective mass approximation .
unlike previous theoretical approaches , we give a complete , non - perturbative treatment of the four - particle scattering problem .
diffusion monte carlo is used to calculate the essentially... | introduction
theoretical background
method: quantum monte carlo calculation of scattering
results
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we calculate cross sections for low energy elastic exciton - exciton scattering within the effective mass approximation .
unlike previous theoretical approaches , we give a complete , non - perturbative treatment of the four - particle s... | excitons in semiconductors have been the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations of bose condensation .
low - energy exciton - exciton interactions are characterized by the exciton - exciton scattering length , @xmath5 , which determines the thermodynamics of a low density gas and is crucial for mod... |
inflation generically predicts a primordial spectrum of density perturbations which is almost precisely gaussian @xcite . in recent years
the small non - gaussian component @xcite has emerged as an important observable @xcite , and will be measured with good precision by the _
planck surveyor _ satellite @xcite . in th... | we present a novel method for calculating the primordial non - gaussianity produced by super - horizon evolution during inflation .
our method evolves the distribution of coarse - grained inflationary field values using a transport equation .
we present simple evolution equations for the moments of this distributi... | introduction
frameworks for computing @xmath1
transport equations
numerical results
discussion
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present a novel method for calculating the primordial non - gaussianity produced by super - horizon evolution during inflation .
our method evolves the distribution of coarse - grained inflationary field values using a transport equat... | inflation generically predicts a primordial spectrum of density perturbations which is almost precisely gaussian @xcite . in recent years
the small non - gaussian component @xcite has emerged as an important observable @xcite , and will be measured with good precision by the _
planck surveyor _ satellite @xcite . in th... |
for fixed integers @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider the admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square given in @xcite . each admissible sequence of paths can be associated with a partition @xmath10 of @xmath4 . in section
[ paths ] , we show that the number of self - conjugate admissible se... | for @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider certain admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square .
we show that the number of such admissible sequences of lattice paths is given by the sum of squares of the number of standard young tableaux of partitions of @xmath4 with height @xmath5 , which ... | introduction
lattice paths | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: for @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider certain admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square .
we show that the number of such admissible sequences of lattice paths is given by the sum of squares of the number ... | for fixed integers @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider the admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square given in @xcite . each admissible sequence of paths can be associated with a partition @xmath10 of @xmath4 . in section
[ paths ] , we show that the number of self - conjugate admissible se... |
the lep experiments at the resonance of @xmath1-boson have tested the standard model ( sm ) at quantum level , measuring the @xmath1-decay into fermion pairs with an accuracy of one part in ten thousands .
the good agreement of the lep data with the sm predictions have severely constrained the behavior of new physics a... | various new physics models predict a light cp - odd higgs boson ( labeled as @xmath0 ) and open up new decay modes for @xmath1-boson , such as @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 , which could be explored at the gigaz option of the ilc . in this work
we investigate these rare decays in several new physics models , namely ... | introduction
the new physics models
calculations
constraints on the new physics models
numerical results and discussions
conclusion
acknowledgment | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: various new physics models predict a light cp - odd higgs boson ( labeled as @xmath0 ) and open up new decay modes for @xmath1-boson , such as @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 , which could be explored at the gigaz option of the ilc . in this... | the lep experiments at the resonance of @xmath1-boson have tested the standard model ( sm ) at quantum level , measuring the @xmath1-decay into fermion pairs with an accuracy of one part in ten thousands .
the good agreement of the lep data with the sm predictions have severely constrained the behavior of new physics a... |
it is well known that the classical magnetoresistance ( mr ) in metals or semiconductors with a closed free electron fermi surface increases quadratically with increasing magnetic field @xmath2 for @xmath3 and saturates when @xmath4 . here
@xmath5 is the zero - magnetic - field mobility .
hence , the extraordinarily hi... | a positive , non - saturating and dominantly linear magnetoresistance is demonstrated to occur in the surface state of a topological insulator having a wavevector - linear energy dispersion together with a finite positive zeeman energy splitting .
this linear magnetoresistance shows up within quite wide magnetic - f... | introduction
balance-equation formulation for magnetoresistivity
density correlation function in the landau representation
numerical results and discussions
summary
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a positive , non - saturating and dominantly linear magnetoresistance is demonstrated to occur in the surface state of a topological insulator having a wavevector - linear energy dispersion together with a finite positive zeeman energy spl... | it is well known that the classical magnetoresistance ( mr ) in metals or semiconductors with a closed free electron fermi surface increases quadratically with increasing magnetic field @xmath2 for @xmath3 and saturates when @xmath4 . here
@xmath5 is the zero - magnetic - field mobility .
hence , the extraordinarily hi... |
a magnitude limited complete census of variable stars in nearby dwarf galaxies allows important contributions to the star formation history of these systems . measurements of some variable stars can supply improved distance determinations for the host galaxies , others will provide important constraints for the populat... | dwarf galaxies in the local group provide a unique astrophysical laboratory . despite their proximity some of these systems still lack a reliable distance determination as well as studies of their stellar content and star formation history .
we present first results of our survey of variable stars in a sample of six... | introduction
observations and data reduction
preliminary results
comparison with published work
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: dwarf galaxies in the local group provide a unique astrophysical laboratory . despite their proximity some of these systems still lack a reliable distance determination as well as studies of their stellar content and star formation history... | a magnitude limited complete census of variable stars in nearby dwarf galaxies allows important contributions to the star formation history of these systems . measurements of some variable stars can supply improved distance determinations for the host galaxies , others will provide important constraints for the populat... |
in 1957 g.a . askaryan pointed out that ionisation and cavitation along a track of an ionising particle through a liquid leads to hydrodynamic radiation @xcite . in the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s ,
theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on the hydrodynamic radiation of beams and particles traversing den... | the generation of hydrodynamic radiation in interactions of pulsed proton and laser beams with matter is explored .
the beams were directed into a water target and the resulting acoustic signals were recorded with pressure sensitive sensors .
measurements were performed with varying pulse energies , sensor positio... | introduction
derivation of the model
experimental setup and beam characteristics
basic features of the measured signals
simulation of thermo-acoustic signals
analysis results
applications in astroparticle physics
conclusions
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the generation of hydrodynamic radiation in interactions of pulsed proton and laser beams with matter is explored .
the beams were directed into a water target and the resulting acoustic signals were recorded with pressure sensitive sens... | in 1957 g.a . askaryan pointed out that ionisation and cavitation along a track of an ionising particle through a liquid leads to hydrodynamic radiation @xcite . in the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s ,
theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on the hydrodynamic radiation of beams and particles traversing den... |
the epoch of reionization signified the appearance of the first stars and galaxies within the first billion years after the big bang , and the transformation of the intergalactic medium ( igm ) from opaque to transparent . despite recent progress , however , it is not yet fully understood .
it is now well established t... | the wide field camera 3 ( wfc3 ) on the _ hubble space telescope _ ( _ hst _ ) enabled the search for the first galaxies observed at @xmath0 ( @xmath1 myr after the big bang ) . to continue quantifying the number density of the most luminous galaxies ( @xmath2 ) at the earliest epoch observable with _ hst
_ , we sea... | introduction
the borg survey
selection of @xmath38-dropouts
results
number density and luminosity function of @xmath142 galaxies
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the wide field camera 3 ( wfc3 ) on the _ hubble space telescope _ ( _ hst _ ) enabled the search for the first galaxies observed at @xmath0 ( @xmath1 myr after the big bang ) . to continue quantifying the number density of the most lumino... | the epoch of reionization signified the appearance of the first stars and galaxies within the first billion years after the big bang , and the transformation of the intergalactic medium ( igm ) from opaque to transparent . despite recent progress , however , it is not yet fully understood .
it is now well established t... |
invariants are a popular concept in object recognition and image retrieval @xcite .
they aim to provide descriptions that remain constant under certain geometric or radiometric transformations of the scene , thereby reducing the search space .
they can be classified into global invariants , typically based either on a... | _ this paper presents invariants under gamma correction and similarity transformations .
the invariants are local features based on differentials which are implemented using derivatives of the gaussian .
the use of the proposed invariant representation is shown to yield improved correlation results in a template m... | introduction
the invariants
experimental data and results
conclusion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: _ this paper presents invariants under gamma correction and similarity transformations .
the invariants are local features based on differentials which are implemented using derivatives of the gaussian .
the use of the proposed invaria... | invariants are a popular concept in object recognition and image retrieval @xcite .
they aim to provide descriptions that remain constant under certain geometric or radiometric transformations of the scene , thereby reducing the search space .
they can be classified into global invariants , typically based either on a... |
it is believed that solar magnetic fields are created in the tachocline , the interface between the convection zone and the radiative interior . due to buoyancy instabilities ,
they move upward and emerge into the solar atmosphere in the form of @xmath0-shaped flux tubes @xcite .
the largest emerging active regions pro... | we investigate the emergence of magnetic flux in the quiet sun at very small spatial scales , focusing on the magnetic connection between the photosphere and chromosphere .
the observational data consist of spectropolarimetric measurements and filtergrams taken with the hinode satellite and the dutch open telescope ... | introduction
observations and data reduction
data analysis
emergence of small-scale magnetic loops in the quiet sun
effects in the upper chromosphere
physical properties of the emerging loops
sites of emergence, evolution, and tilt angles
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we investigate the emergence of magnetic flux in the quiet sun at very small spatial scales , focusing on the magnetic connection between the photosphere and chromosphere .
the observational data consist of spectropolarimetric measuremen... | it is believed that solar magnetic fields are created in the tachocline , the interface between the convection zone and the radiative interior . due to buoyancy instabilities ,
they move upward and emerge into the solar atmosphere in the form of @xmath0-shaped flux tubes @xcite .
the largest emerging active regions pro... |
the current observations , such as sneia ( supernovae type ia ) , cmb ( cosmic microwave background ) and large scale structure , converge on the fact that a spatially homogeneous and gravitationally repulsive energy component , referred as dark energy , accounts for about @xmath1 % of the energy density of universe .
... | we apply the statefinder diagnostic to the torsion cosmology , in which an accounting for the accelerated universe is considered in term of a riemann - cartan geometry : dynamic scalar torsion .
we find that there are some typical characteristic of the evolution of statefinder parameters for the torsion cosmology th... | introduction
the equations of motion
statefinder diagnostic
dynamics analysis
fit the torsion parameters to supernovae date
conclusion and discussion
acknowledgments
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we apply the statefinder diagnostic to the torsion cosmology , in which an accounting for the accelerated universe is considered in term of a riemann - cartan geometry : dynamic scalar torsion .
we find that there are some typical charac... | the current observations , such as sneia ( supernovae type ia ) , cmb ( cosmic microwave background ) and large scale structure , converge on the fact that a spatially homogeneous and gravitationally repulsive energy component , referred as dark energy , accounts for about @xmath1 % of the energy density of universe .
... |
developments are currently underway to promote the sensitivity of ligo and to improve its prospect for detecting gravitational waves emitted by compact object binaries @xcite . of particular interest
are the detection of gravitational waves released during the inspiral and merger of binary black hole ( bbh ) systems .
... | matched - filtering for the identification of compact object mergers in gravitational - wave antenna data involves the comparison of the data stream to a bank of template gravitational waveforms . typically the template bank is constructed from phenomenological waveform models since these can be evaluated for an arbit... | introduction
gravitational waveforms
interpolated waveform family
higher dimensions
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: matched - filtering for the identification of compact object mergers in gravitational - wave antenna data involves the comparison of the data stream to a bank of template gravitational waveforms . typically the template bank is constructed... | developments are currently underway to promote the sensitivity of ligo and to improve its prospect for detecting gravitational waves emitted by compact object binaries @xcite . of particular interest
are the detection of gravitational waves released during the inspiral and merger of binary black hole ( bbh ) systems .
... |
in quantum information processing , information is stored and processed with a quantum system .
a quantum system is always in contact with its surrounding environment , which leads to decoherence in the quantum system .
decoherence must be suppressed for quantum information stored in qubits to be intact .
there are sev... | we investigate an efficient quantum error correction of a fully correlated noise .
suppose the noise is characterized by a quantum channel whose error operators take fully correlated forms given by @xmath0 , @xmath1 and @xmath2 , where @xmath3 is the number of qubits encoding the codeword .
it is proved that ( i )... | introduction
main theorems
summary and discussions
acknowledgement | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we investigate an efficient quantum error correction of a fully correlated noise .
suppose the noise is characterized by a quantum channel whose error operators take fully correlated forms given by @xmath0 , @xmath1 and @xmath2 , where @... | in quantum information processing , information is stored and processed with a quantum system .
a quantum system is always in contact with its surrounding environment , which leads to decoherence in the quantum system .
decoherence must be suppressed for quantum information stored in qubits to be intact .
there are sev... |
it has become a generally agreed concept that the euv dimming observed during the onset of a _ coronal mass ejection ( cme ) _ manifests the coronal mass loss of the cme , and thus we basically expect a one - to - one correlation between the detections of cmes and euv dimmings , unless there exist special circumstances... | this is the first attempt to model the kinematics of a cme launch and the resulting euv dimming quantitatively with a self - consistent model .
our 4d - model assumes self - similar expansion of a spherical cme geometry that consists of a cme front with density compression and a cavity with density rarefaction , sat... | introduction
model assumptions
analytical model
forward-fitting of model to observations
conclusions
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: this is the first attempt to model the kinematics of a cme launch and the resulting euv dimming quantitatively with a self - consistent model .
our 4d - model assumes self - similar expansion of a spherical cme geometry that consists of ... | it has become a generally agreed concept that the euv dimming observed during the onset of a _ coronal mass ejection ( cme ) _ manifests the coronal mass loss of the cme , and thus we basically expect a one - to - one correlation between the detections of cmes and euv dimmings , unless there exist special circumstances... |
one of the fundamental problems in the classification of complex surfaces is to find a new family of complex surfaces of general type with @xmath0 . in this paper
we construct new simply connected _ numerical campedelli surfaces _ with an involution , i.e. simply connected minimal complex surfaces of general type with ... | we construct a simply connected minimal complex surface of general type with @xmath0 and @xmath1 which has an involution such that the minimal resolution of the quotient by the involution is a simply connected minimal complex surface of general type with @xmath0 and @xmath2 . in order to construct the example
, we c... | introduction
numerical godeaux surfaces with a @xmath5-divisible divisor
numerical campedelli surfaces with an involution
the obstruction spaces to local-to-global deformations
the invariant part of the deformation space
another example | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we construct a simply connected minimal complex surface of general type with @xmath0 and @xmath1 which has an involution such that the minimal resolution of the quotient by the involution is a simply connected minimal complex surface of ge... | one of the fundamental problems in the classification of complex surfaces is to find a new family of complex surfaces of general type with @xmath0 . in this paper
we construct new simply connected _ numerical campedelli surfaces _ with an involution , i.e. simply connected minimal complex surfaces of general type with ... |
supersymmetry ( susy ) is one of the most attractive extensions of the standard model .
this symmetry solves the naturalness problem and predicts gauge coupling unification at the gut scale @xmath1 .
it also predicts the existence of superpartner of the standard model ( sm ) particles . from the naturalness argument , ... | no - scale structure of the khler potential is obtained in many types of supersymmetric models . in this paper ,
phenomenological aspects of these models are investigated with special attention to the current higgs mass bound at lep and @xmath0 result at the cleo .
when the boundary condition is given at the gut s... | introduction
models with no-scale boundary condition
higgs mass and @xmath41 constraint on no-scale scenario
conclusions
acknowledgment | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: no - scale structure of the khler potential is obtained in many types of supersymmetric models . in this paper ,
phenomenological aspects of these models are investigated with special attention to the current higgs mass bound at lep and ... | supersymmetry ( susy ) is one of the most attractive extensions of the standard model .
this symmetry solves the naturalness problem and predicts gauge coupling unification at the gut scale @xmath1 .
it also predicts the existence of superpartner of the standard model ( sm ) particles . from the naturalness argument , ... |
the origin - destination ( od ) matrix is important in transportation analysis .
the matrix contains information on the number of travellers that commute or the amount of freight shipped between different zones of a region .
the od matrix is difficult and often costly to obtain by direct measurements / interviews or su... | the estimation of the number of passengers with the identical journey is a common problem for public transport authorities .
this problem is also known as the origin - destination estimation ( od ) problem and it has been widely studied for the past thirty years .
however , the theory is missing when the observati... | introduction
the passenger model
the observations model
model assumptions and modelling
naive maximum likelihood (ml) estimation
ad hoc approach
application
conclusion and further work | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the estimation of the number of passengers with the identical journey is a common problem for public transport authorities .
this problem is also known as the origin - destination estimation ( od ) problem and it has been widely studied ... | the origin - destination ( od ) matrix is important in transportation analysis .
the matrix contains information on the number of travellers that commute or the amount of freight shipped between different zones of a region .
the od matrix is difficult and often costly to obtain by direct measurements / interviews or su... |
high q cavities such as whispering gallery mode ( wgm ) cavities have recently demonstrated quality factors ( @xmath0 ) as high as @xmath3 and have shown the potential to reach even higher q values @xcite .
however , there are difficulties in measurement of the linewidth and q of such high q cavities . while in theory
... | we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for non - invasive measurements of cavity parameters by injection of squeezed vacuum into an optical cavity .
the principle behind this technique is the destruction of the correlation between upper and lower quantum sidebands with respect to the carrier frequency wh... | introduction
theory
experiment
conclusion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for non - invasive measurements of cavity parameters by injection of squeezed vacuum into an optical cavity .
the principle behind this technique is the destruction of the correlation be... | high q cavities such as whispering gallery mode ( wgm ) cavities have recently demonstrated quality factors ( @xmath0 ) as high as @xmath3 and have shown the potential to reach even higher q values @xcite .
however , there are difficulties in measurement of the linewidth and q of such high q cavities . while in theory
... |
to enhance chemical reactivity of cu surfaces with nitrogen oxides ( no@xmath0 ) is an important issue for development of new catalytic materials effective in the no@xmath0 reduction process @xcite .
the dissociative adsorption of no@xmath0 , for example , was found to be less expected on cu , compared with highly reac... | to investigate chemical reactivity of cu atomic - scale structures , we performed simulations based on the generalized gradient approximation in the density functional theory .
an atomic layer of cu forming a triangular lattice ( tl ) was found to give a stable structure .
the nitrogen monoxide molecule ( no ) was... | introduction
methods
atomic layer of cu
adsorption of no
summary and conclusion
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: to investigate chemical reactivity of cu atomic - scale structures , we performed simulations based on the generalized gradient approximation in the density functional theory .
an atomic layer of cu forming a triangular lattice ( tl ) wa... | to enhance chemical reactivity of cu surfaces with nitrogen oxides ( no@xmath0 ) is an important issue for development of new catalytic materials effective in the no@xmath0 reduction process @xcite .
the dissociative adsorption of no@xmath0 , for example , was found to be less expected on cu , compared with highly reac... |
there are reasons to believe that cosmic rays ( crs ) around the ankle at @xmath0 gev are dominated by extragalactic protons @xcite .
scattering processes in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) limit the propagation of ultra high energy ( uhe ) charged particles in our universe .
a continuation of a power - like c... | the origin and chemical composition of ultra high energy cosmic rays is still an open question in astroparticle physics .
the observed large - scale isotropy and also direct composition measurements can be interpreted as an extragalactic proton dominance above the _ ankle _ at about @xmath0 gev .
photopion product... | introduction
strongly interacting neutrinos from optically thin sources
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the origin and chemical composition of ultra high energy cosmic rays is still an open question in astroparticle physics .
the observed large - scale isotropy and also direct composition measurements can be interpreted as an extragalactic... | there are reasons to believe that cosmic rays ( crs ) around the ankle at @xmath0 gev are dominated by extragalactic protons @xcite .
scattering processes in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) limit the propagation of ultra high energy ( uhe ) charged particles in our universe .
a continuation of a power - like c... |
a multistable system is one that possesses a large number of coexisting attractors for a fixed set of parameters .
there is ample evidence for such phenomena in the natural sciences , with examples coming from neurosciences and neural dynamics @xcite - @xcite , optics @xcite @xcite , chemistry @xcite @xcite @xcite , co... | the phenomenology of a system of two coupled quadratic maps is studied both analytically and numerically .
conditions for synchronization are given and the bifurcations of periodic orbits from this regime are identified .
in addition , we show that an arbitrarily large number of distinct stable periodic orbits may... | introduction
coupled quadratic maps
synchronization
non-synchronized period-2 orbits
the phase opposition orbits
the non-symmetric orbits
multistability | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the phenomenology of a system of two coupled quadratic maps is studied both analytically and numerically .
conditions for synchronization are given and the bifurcations of periodic orbits from this regime are identified .
in addition ,... | a multistable system is one that possesses a large number of coexisting attractors for a fixed set of parameters .
there is ample evidence for such phenomena in the natural sciences , with examples coming from neurosciences and neural dynamics @xcite - @xcite , optics @xcite @xcite , chemistry @xcite @xcite @xcite , co... |
in solid - core photonic crystal fibers ( pcf ) the air - silica microstructured cladding ( see fig . [ fig1 ] ) gives rise to a variety of novel phenomena @xcite including large - mode area ( lma ) endlessly - single mode operation @xcite .
though pcfs typically have optical properties very different from that of st... | we report on an easy - to - evaluate expression for the prediction of the bend - loss for a large mode area photonic crystal fiber ( pcf ) with a triangular air - hole lattice .
the expression is based on a recently proposed formulation of the v - parameter for a pcf and contains no free parameters .
the validity ... | introduction
predicting macro-bending loss
experimental results
discussion and conclusion
appendix
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report on an easy - to - evaluate expression for the prediction of the bend - loss for a large mode area photonic crystal fiber ( pcf ) with a triangular air - hole lattice .
the expression is based on a recently proposed formulation ... | in solid - core photonic crystal fibers ( pcf ) the air - silica microstructured cladding ( see fig . [ fig1 ] ) gives rise to a variety of novel phenomena @xcite including large - mode area ( lma ) endlessly - single mode operation @xcite .
though pcfs typically have optical properties very different from that of st... |
among the great variety of the works devoted to random motions at finite speed in the euclidean spaces @xmath8 ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite for the markovian case and @xcite , @xcite for different non - markovian cases ) , the markov random flight in the three - dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 is , undou... | we consider the markov random flight @xmath0 in the three - dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 with constant finite speed @xmath2 and the uniform choice of the initial and each new direction at random time instants that form a homogeneous poisson flow of rate @xmath3 .
series representations for the conditional cha... | introduction
description of the process and structure of distribution
conditional characteristic functions
asymptotic formula for characteristic function
asymptotic relation for the transition density
estimate of the accuracy
auxiliary lemma
powers of the inverse tangent function | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we consider the markov random flight @xmath0 in the three - dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 with constant finite speed @xmath2 and the uniform choice of the initial and each new direction at random time instants that form a homogeneous... | among the great variety of the works devoted to random motions at finite speed in the euclidean spaces @xmath8 ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite for the markovian case and @xcite , @xcite for different non - markovian cases ) , the markov random flight in the three - dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 is , undou... |
multiscale dynamics is present in many phenomena , e.g. , turbulence @xcite , finance @xcite , geosciences @xcite , etc , to quote a few
. it has been found in many multiscale dynamics systems that the self - similarity is broken , in which the concept of multiscaling or multifractal is relevant @xcite .
this is charac... | the classical structure - function ( sf ) method in fully developed turbulence or for scaling processes in general is influenced by large - scale energetic structures , known as infrared effect .
therefore , the extracted scaling exponents @xmath0 might be biased due to this effect . in this paper , a detrended stru... | introduction
detrending analysis and detrended structure-function
numerical validation
application to turbulent velocity
conclusion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the classical structure - function ( sf ) method in fully developed turbulence or for scaling processes in general is influenced by large - scale energetic structures , known as infrared effect .
therefore , the extracted scaling exponen... | multiscale dynamics is present in many phenomena , e.g. , turbulence @xcite , finance @xcite , geosciences @xcite , etc , to quote a few
. it has been found in many multiscale dynamics systems that the self - similarity is broken , in which the concept of multiscaling or multifractal is relevant @xcite .
this is charac... |
a fair number of astronomers and astronomy students have a physical challenge .
it is our responsibility to learn the basics of accessibility to be able to help our library patrons to gain access to things that they need for their studies and work .
astronomy is often seen as a very visual science .
after all , its ori... | making online resources more accessible to physically challenged library users is a topic deserving informed attention from astronomy librarians .
recommendations like wcag 2.0 standards and section 508 , in the united states , have proven valuable , and some vendors are already making their products compliant with ... | introduction
what does accessibility look like?
standards and how to apply them
structure is the key
big publishers and small
dont forget copyright law and license agreements
an afterthought | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: making online resources more accessible to physically challenged library users is a topic deserving informed attention from astronomy librarians .
recommendations like wcag 2.0 standards and section 508 , in the united states , have prov... | a fair number of astronomers and astronomy students have a physical challenge .
it is our responsibility to learn the basics of accessibility to be able to help our library patrons to gain access to things that they need for their studies and work .
astronomy is often seen as a very visual science .
after all , its ori... |
polluted white dwarfs ( typed with a suffix `` z '' ) provide an opportunity to investigate the ultimate fate of planetary systems .
although planets have not yet been detected around white dwarfs , the evidence for the presence of planetary debris around these objects lies in their polluted atmospheres .
approximately... | we present an analysis of intermediate - dispersion spectra and photometric data of the newly identified cool , polluted white dwarf nltt 19868 . the spectra obtained with x - shooter on the very large telescope ( vlt)-melipal show strong lines of calcium , and several lines of magnesium , aluminium and iron .
we u... | introduction
observations
discussion and summary
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present an analysis of intermediate - dispersion spectra and photometric data of the newly identified cool , polluted white dwarf nltt 19868 . the spectra obtained with x - shooter on the very large telescope ( vlt)-melipal show strong... | polluted white dwarfs ( typed with a suffix `` z '' ) provide an opportunity to investigate the ultimate fate of planetary systems .
although planets have not yet been detected around white dwarfs , the evidence for the presence of planetary debris around these objects lies in their polluted atmospheres .
approximately... |
the transformation , upon charge doping , of an antiferromagnetic ( af ) mott insulator into a superconducting ( sc ) metal and the role of af correlations in the appearance of superconductivity have challenged researchers since the discovery of high-@xmath12 superconductivity in cuprates .
is the af order an indispens... | the remarkable sensitivity of the @xmath0-axis resistivity and magnetoresistance in cuprates to the spin ordering is used to clarify the doping - induced transformation from an antiferromagnetic ( af ) insulator to a superconducting ( sc ) metal in @xmath1ba@xmath2cu@xmath3o@xmath4 ( @xmath1@xmath5lu , y ) single crys... | introduction
experiment
results and discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the remarkable sensitivity of the @xmath0-axis resistivity and magnetoresistance in cuprates to the spin ordering is used to clarify the doping - induced transformation from an antiferromagnetic ( af ) insulator to a superconducting ( sc )... | the transformation , upon charge doping , of an antiferromagnetic ( af ) mott insulator into a superconducting ( sc ) metal and the role of af correlations in the appearance of superconductivity have challenged researchers since the discovery of high-@xmath12 superconductivity in cuprates .
is the af order an indispens... |
massimo capone is thanked for useful discussions .
the sezione infn di pavia is acknowledged for granting the computing time necessary to perform dft calculations .
this work was supported by miur - prin2012 project no .
2012x3yfz2 . 99 n. f. mott , proc . phys
london , sect .
a * 62 * , 416 ( 1949 ) .
t. wu , h.... | @xmath0as , @xmath1rb and @xmath2rb nuclear quadrupole resonance ( nqr ) and @xmath1rb nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) measurements in rbfe@xmath3as@xmath3 iron - based superconductor are presented .
we observe a marked broadening of @xmath0as nqr spectrum below @xmath4 k which is associated with the onset of a c... | acknowledgments
i. sample synthesis and characterization
ii. dft calculations
iii. nqr and nmr spectra
iv. spin-spin relaxation rate @xmath40
v. nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate @xmath14 | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: @xmath0as , @xmath1rb and @xmath2rb nuclear quadrupole resonance ( nqr ) and @xmath1rb nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) measurements in rbfe@xmath3as@xmath3 iron - based superconductor are presented .
we observe a marked broadening of ... | massimo capone is thanked for useful discussions .
the sezione infn di pavia is acknowledged for granting the computing time necessary to perform dft calculations .
this work was supported by miur - prin2012 project no .
2012x3yfz2 . 99 n. f. mott , proc . phys
london , sect .
a * 62 * , 416 ( 1949 ) .
t. wu , h.... |
the statistical mechanics of pure systems
most prominently the topic of phase transitions and their associated surface phenomena has been a subject of fairly intensive research in recent years .
several physical principles for pure systems ( the gibbs phase rule , wulff construction , etc . ) have been put on a mathe... | using the formalism of rigorous statistical mechanics , we study the phenomena of phase separation and freezing - point depression upon freezing of solutions .
specifically , we devise an ising - based model of a solvent - solute system and show that , in the ensemble with a fixed amount of solute , a macroscopic ph... | introduction
rigorous results
proofs
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: using the formalism of rigorous statistical mechanics , we study the phenomena of phase separation and freezing - point depression upon freezing of solutions .
specifically , we devise an ising - based model of a solvent - solute system ... | the statistical mechanics of pure systems
most prominently the topic of phase transitions and their associated surface phenomena has been a subject of fairly intensive research in recent years .
several physical principles for pure systems ( the gibbs phase rule , wulff construction , etc . ) have been put on a mathe... |
compact symmetric objects ( csos ) are a family of extragalactic radio sources comprising roughly 3% of flux - limited samples selected at high frequencies ( taylor , readhead , & pearson 1996 ; peck & taylor 2001 ) .
their defining characteristic is the presence of high luminosity radio components on both sides of a c... | we report on a multi - frequency , multi - epoch campaign of very long baseline interferometry observations of the radio galaxy 1946 + 708 using the vlba and a global vlbi array . from these high - resolution observations
we deduce the kinematic age of the radio source to be @xmath04000 years , comparable with the a... | introduction
observations and data reduction
results
discussion
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report on a multi - frequency , multi - epoch campaign of very long baseline interferometry observations of the radio galaxy 1946 + 708 using the vlba and a global vlbi array . from these high - resolution observations
we deduce the k... | compact symmetric objects ( csos ) are a family of extragalactic radio sources comprising roughly 3% of flux - limited samples selected at high frequencies ( taylor , readhead , & pearson 1996 ; peck & taylor 2001 ) .
their defining characteristic is the presence of high luminosity radio components on both sides of a c... |
in @xcite the problem of how to give an explicit combinatorial definition of weak higher categories was solved , and the development of a conceptual framework for their further analysis was begun . in the aftermath of this , the expository work of other authors , most notably street @xcite and leinster @xcite , contrib... | one of the open problems in higher category theory is the systematic construction of the higher dimensional analogues of the gray tensor product . in this paper
we continue the work of @xcite to adapt the machinery of globular operads @xcite to this task .
the resulting theory includes the gray tensor product of 2... | introduction
enriched graphs and lax monoidal categories
multitensors from monads
monads from multitensors
categorical properties preserved by @xmath22
the 2-functoriality of the monad-multitensor correspondence
lifting multitensors
contractibility
acknowledgements
coequalisers in categories of algebras
monads induced ... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: one of the open problems in higher category theory is the systematic construction of the higher dimensional analogues of the gray tensor product . in this paper
we continue the work of @xcite to adapt the machinery of globular operads @x... | in @xcite the problem of how to give an explicit combinatorial definition of weak higher categories was solved , and the development of a conceptual framework for their further analysis was begun . in the aftermath of this , the expository work of other authors , most notably street @xcite and leinster @xcite , contrib... |
cp violation , initially observed @xcite only in the @xmath7@xmath8 system , is one feature of the standard model ( sm ) that still defies clear theoretical understanding . the ckm picture , which describes _ all _ the _ observed _ cp violation in terms of a single phase in the quark - mixing matrix , has been vindica... | the longitudinal polarization of fermions ( tops and taus ) produced in sfermion decays to neutralinos or charginos can be a useful tool for the determination of susy parameters .
we discuss this fermion polarization in the context of the mssm with complex parameters .
we show that the dependence on cp - violating... | introduction
notation and conventions
fermion polarization in @xmath90 decays
fermion polarization in @xmath205 decays
conclusions
acknowledgements
standard model constants | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the longitudinal polarization of fermions ( tops and taus ) produced in sfermion decays to neutralinos or charginos can be a useful tool for the determination of susy parameters .
we discuss this fermion polarization in the context of th... | cp violation , initially observed @xcite only in the @xmath7@xmath8 system , is one feature of the standard model ( sm ) that still defies clear theoretical understanding . the ckm picture , which describes _ all _ the _ observed _ cp violation in terms of a single phase in the quark - mixing matrix , has been vindica... |
the variability of ex lup was discovered by miss e. janssen in 1944 while examining spectral plates at the harvard observatory ( mclaughlin 1946 ) .
herbig ( 1950 ) first pointed out the similarity of ex lupi s spectral characteristics and t tauri stars with strong emission lines of h , caii , feii , and hei . in one o... | we have observed an outburst of the t tauri star ex lup in march 1994 .
we present both photometric ( bvr ) and spectroscopic ( low and medium resolution ) observations carried out during the decline after outburst .
the star appears much bluer during outburst due to an increased emission of a hot continuum .
th... | introduction
observations
photometric results
spectroscopic results
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we have observed an outburst of the t tauri star ex lup in march 1994 .
we present both photometric ( bvr ) and spectroscopic ( low and medium resolution ) observations carried out during the decline after outburst .
the star appears m... | the variability of ex lup was discovered by miss e. janssen in 1944 while examining spectral plates at the harvard observatory ( mclaughlin 1946 ) .
herbig ( 1950 ) first pointed out the similarity of ex lupi s spectral characteristics and t tauri stars with strong emission lines of h , caii , feii , and hei . in one o... |
the liquid - gas ( lg ) phase transition in nuclear matter remains illusive and a hot research topic despite of the great efforts devoted to understanding its nature and experimental manifestations by the nuclear physics community over many years@xcite .
for a recent review , see , e.g. , refs.@xcite .
most of the prev... | the liquid - gas phase transition in hot neutron - rich nuclear matter is investigated within a self - consistent thermal model using different interactions with or without isospin and/or momentum dependence .
the boundary of the phase - coexistence region is shown to be sensitive to the density dependence of the nu... | introduction
theoretical models
lg phase transition
summary
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the liquid - gas phase transition in hot neutron - rich nuclear matter is investigated within a self - consistent thermal model using different interactions with or without isospin and/or momentum dependence .
the boundary of the phase -... | the liquid - gas ( lg ) phase transition in nuclear matter remains illusive and a hot research topic despite of the great efforts devoted to understanding its nature and experimental manifestations by the nuclear physics community over many years@xcite .
for a recent review , see , e.g. , refs.@xcite .
most of the prev... |
the study of the phase transition of frustrated spin systems on two - dimensional ( 2d ) lattices is a central problem in modern condensed mater physics .
a competition of exchange interaction can lead to frustration , where spatial arrangement of magnetic ions in a crystal for which a simultaneous antiparallel orderin... | the phase transition of the quantum spin-@xmath0 frustrated heisenberg antiferroferromagnet on an anisotropic square lattice is studied by using a variational treatment .
the model is described by the heisenberg hamiltonian with two antiferromagnetic interactions : nearest - neighbor ( nn ) with different coupling s... | introduction
model
method
results
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the phase transition of the quantum spin-@xmath0 frustrated heisenberg antiferroferromagnet on an anisotropic square lattice is studied by using a variational treatment .
the model is described by the heisenberg hamiltonian with two anti... | the study of the phase transition of frustrated spin systems on two - dimensional ( 2d ) lattices is a central problem in modern condensed mater physics .
a competition of exchange interaction can lead to frustration , where spatial arrangement of magnetic ions in a crystal for which a simultaneous antiparallel orderin... |
the entanglement entropy , as a tool to detect and classify quantum phase transitions , has been playing an important role in the last fifteen years ( see @xcite and references therein ) . in one dimension , where most of the critical quantum chains are conformal invariant , the entanglement entropy provides a powerful... | we study the generalized mutual information @xmath0 of the ground state of different critical quantum chains . the generalized mutual information definition that we use is based on the well established concept of the rnyi divergence .
we calculate this quantity numerically for several distinct quantum chains having ... | introduction
the generalized mutual informations: definitions
the generalized mutual information in quantum chains
conclusions
appendix: the relative entropy and the rnyi divergence | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study the generalized mutual information @xmath0 of the ground state of different critical quantum chains . the generalized mutual information definition that we use is based on the well established concept of the rnyi divergence .
we... | the entanglement entropy , as a tool to detect and classify quantum phase transitions , has been playing an important role in the last fifteen years ( see @xcite and references therein ) . in one dimension , where most of the critical quantum chains are conformal invariant , the entanglement entropy provides a powerful... |
it has been known for a long time that owing to planar property and mutual focussing , colliding plane waves ( cpw ) result in spacelike singularities [ 1 ] .
these singularities are somewhat weakened when the waves are endowed with a relative cross polarization prior to the collision . a solution given by chandrasekha... | the quasiregular singularities ( horizons ) that form in the collision of cross polarized electromagnetic waves are , as in the linear polarized case , unstable .
the validity of the helliwell - konkowski stability conjecture is tested for a number of exact backreaction cases . in the test electromagnetic case
the... | introduction
the cross-polarized bs (cpbs) metric
geodesics behaviour, test em and test scalar fields
testing the conjecture for a class of einstein-maxwell-scalar (ems) solutions.
oppositely moving null dusts in cpbs spacetime
discussion
appendix a: + riemann components for region ii
appendix b: + properties of the em... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the quasiregular singularities ( horizons ) that form in the collision of cross polarized electromagnetic waves are , as in the linear polarized case , unstable .
the validity of the helliwell - konkowski stability conjecture is tested f... | it has been known for a long time that owing to planar property and mutual focussing , colliding plane waves ( cpw ) result in spacelike singularities [ 1 ] .
these singularities are somewhat weakened when the waves are endowed with a relative cross polarization prior to the collision . a solution given by chandrasekha... |
in adaptive control and recursive parameter estimation one often needs to adjust recursively an estimate @xmath0 of a vector @xmath1 , which comprises @xmath2 constant but unknown parameters , using measurements of a quantity @xmath3 here @xmath4 is a vector of known data , often called the regressor , and @xmath5 is a... | we propose a tuner , suitable for adaptive control and ( in its discrete - time version ) adaptive filtering applications , that sets the second derivative of the parameter estimates rather than the first derivative as is done in the overwhelming majority of the literature . comparative stability and performance analy... | parameter adjustment
the accelerating algorithm
covariance analysis
simulations
concluding remarks | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we propose a tuner , suitable for adaptive control and ( in its discrete - time version ) adaptive filtering applications , that sets the second derivative of the parameter estimates rather than the first derivative as is done in the overw... | in adaptive control and recursive parameter estimation one often needs to adjust recursively an estimate @xmath0 of a vector @xmath1 , which comprises @xmath2 constant but unknown parameters , using measurements of a quantity @xmath3 here @xmath4 is a vector of known data , often called the regressor , and @xmath5 is a... |
the construction of background field formalism for n=2 super - yang - mills theory ( sym ) in projective hyperspace ( @xmath0 ) @xcite is an open problem .
such a formalism is desirable for any ( non-)supersymmetric theory as it simplifies ( loop ) calculations and even intermediate steps respect gauge covariance . a m... | we introduce a new background field method for n=2 superspace .
( we treat projective hyperspace , but similar remarks apply for the harmonic case . ) in analogy to n=1 , background gauge fields are in the real representation , so the lowest - dimension potentials are spinor and the usual non - renormalization theor... | introduction
construction
calculations
conclusion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we introduce a new background field method for n=2 superspace .
( we treat projective hyperspace , but similar remarks apply for the harmonic case . ) in analogy to n=1 , background gauge fields are in the real representation , so the lo... | the construction of background field formalism for n=2 super - yang - mills theory ( sym ) in projective hyperspace ( @xmath0 ) @xcite is an open problem .
such a formalism is desirable for any ( non-)supersymmetric theory as it simplifies ( loop ) calculations and even intermediate steps respect gauge covariance . a m... |
the experimental data used in this paper were collected by the forward looking radar of the us army research laboratory @xcite . that radar was built for detection and possible identification of shallow explosive - like targets .
since targets are three dimensional objects , one needs to measure a three dimensional in... | a new numerical method is proposed for a 1-d inverse medium scattering problem with multi - frequency data .
this method is based on the construction of a weighted cost functional .
the weight is a carleman weight function ( cwf ) . in other words , this is the function , which is present in the carleman estimate ... | introduction
problem statement
the weighted cost functional
the global strict convexity of @xmath177
global convergence of the gradient projection method
numerical studies
numerical results for experimental data
concluding remarks | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a new numerical method is proposed for a 1-d inverse medium scattering problem with multi - frequency data .
this method is based on the construction of a weighted cost functional .
the weight is a carleman weight function ( cwf ) . in... | the experimental data used in this paper were collected by the forward looking radar of the us army research laboratory @xcite . that radar was built for detection and possible identification of shallow explosive - like targets .
since targets are three dimensional objects , one needs to measure a three dimensional in... |
the @xmath3-transformation has been extensively studied since the seminal paper of rnyi in 1957 .
there is a huge amount of literature on the map itself and on the associated symbolic dynamics . over the past decade
, people became interested in the @xmath2-transformation , changing the slope of the map from positive t... | given a real number @xmath0 , we study the associated @xmath1-shift introduced in @xcite .
we compares some aspects of the @xmath2-shift to the @xmath3-shift .
when the expansion in base @xmath4 of @xmath5 is periodic with odd period or when @xmath6 is strictly less than the golden ratio , the @xmath1-shift , as d... | introduction
coded negative beta-shift
lap counting function
zeta function
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: given a real number @xmath0 , we study the associated @xmath1-shift introduced in @xcite .
we compares some aspects of the @xmath2-shift to the @xmath3-shift .
when the expansion in base @xmath4 of @xmath5 is periodic with odd period o... | the @xmath3-transformation has been extensively studied since the seminal paper of rnyi in 1957 .
there is a huge amount of literature on the map itself and on the associated symbolic dynamics . over the past decade
, people became interested in the @xmath2-transformation , changing the slope of the map from positive t... |
although the sunspot number varies periodically with time with an average period of 11 year , the individual cycle period ( length ) and also the strength ( amplitude ) vary in a random way .
it is observed that the stronger cycles have shorter periods and vice versa .
this leads to an important feature of solar cycle ... | the sunspot number varies roughly periodically with time .
however the individual cycle durations and the amplitudes are found to vary in an irregular manner .
it is observed that the stronger cycles are having shorter rise times and vice versa .
this leads to an important effect know as the waldmeier effect .
... | introduction
methodology and results | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the sunspot number varies roughly periodically with time .
however the individual cycle durations and the amplitudes are found to vary in an irregular manner .
it is observed that the stronger cycles are having shorter rise times and v... | although the sunspot number varies periodically with time with an average period of 11 year , the individual cycle period ( length ) and also the strength ( amplitude ) vary in a random way .
it is observed that the stronger cycles have shorter periods and vice versa .
this leads to an important feature of solar cycle ... |
reticulation processes refer to the transfer of genetic material between living organisms in a non - reproduction manner .
horizontal gene transfer is believed to be a highly significant reticulation process occurring between single - cell organisms ( doolittle and bapteste 2007 ; treangen and rocha 2011 ) .
other reti... | phylogenetic networks are mathematical structures for modeling and visualization of reticulation processes in the study of evolution .
galled networks , reticulation visible networks , nearly - stable networks and stable - child networks are the four classes of phylogenetic networks that are recently introduced to s... | introduction
basic concept
reticulation visible networks
galled networks
nearly-stable network
stable-child network
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: phylogenetic networks are mathematical structures for modeling and visualization of reticulation processes in the study of evolution .
galled networks , reticulation visible networks , nearly - stable networks and stable - child networks... | reticulation processes refer to the transfer of genetic material between living organisms in a non - reproduction manner .
horizontal gene transfer is believed to be a highly significant reticulation process occurring between single - cell organisms ( doolittle and bapteste 2007 ; treangen and rocha 2011 ) .
other reti... |
in @xcite a database containing a solution of the 3d incompressible navier - stokes ( ns ) equations is presented .
the equations were solved numerically with a standard pseudo - spectral simulation in a periodic domain , using a real space grid of @xmath0 grid points .
a large - scale body force drives a turbulent flo... | the jhu turbulence database @xcite can be used with a state of the art visualisation tool @xcite to generate high quality link : anc / dfdsubmissionquarterres.mpg[fluid dynamics videos ] . in this work
we investigate the classical idea that smaller structures in turbulent flows , while engaged in their own internal ... | the jhu turbulence database
vortices within vortices
observations | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the jhu turbulence database @xcite can be used with a state of the art visualisation tool @xcite to generate high quality link : anc / dfdsubmissionquarterres.mpg[fluid dynamics videos ] . in this work
we investigate the classical idea t... | in @xcite a database containing a solution of the 3d incompressible navier - stokes ( ns ) equations is presented .
the equations were solved numerically with a standard pseudo - spectral simulation in a periodic domain , using a real space grid of @xmath0 grid points .
a large - scale body force drives a turbulent flo... |
in recent years electron transfer ( et ) between molecular adsorbates and semiconductor nanomaterials and surfaces has been subject of much research @xcite .
the injection of an electron into the conduction band is a prototype reaction for a lot of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical interfacial processes such as ... | electron injection from an adsorbed molecule to the substrate ( heterogeneous electron transfer ) is studied .
one reaction coordinate is used to model this process .
the surface phonons and/or the electron - hole pairs together with the internal degrees of freedom of the adsorbed molecule as well as possibly a li... | introduction
theory
results | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: electron injection from an adsorbed molecule to the substrate ( heterogeneous electron transfer ) is studied .
one reaction coordinate is used to model this process .
the surface phonons and/or the electron - hole pairs together with t... | in recent years electron transfer ( et ) between molecular adsorbates and semiconductor nanomaterials and surfaces has been subject of much research @xcite .
the injection of an electron into the conduction band is a prototype reaction for a lot of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical interfacial processes such as ... |
compact x - ray sources exhibit a wide range of temporal variabilities ( from milliseconds to years ) .
perhaps none of these is as exotic and diverse as the x - ray temporal variability observed from the black hole microquasar grs 1915 + 105 ( castro - tirado , brandt , & lund 1992 ; greiner , morgan , & remillard 19... | during the past two years , the galactic black hole microquasar grs 1915 + 105 has exhibited a bewildering diversity of large amplitude , chaotic variability in x - rays .
although it is generally accepted that the variability in this source results from an accretion disk instability , the exact nature of the insta... | introduction
limit cycle behavior in grs1915+105
the basic model
results
plasma ejection from the inner disk
comparison to previous work
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: during the past two years , the galactic black hole microquasar grs 1915 + 105 has exhibited a bewildering diversity of large amplitude , chaotic variability in x - rays .
although it is generally accepted that the variability in this s... | compact x - ray sources exhibit a wide range of temporal variabilities ( from milliseconds to years ) .
perhaps none of these is as exotic and diverse as the x - ray temporal variability observed from the black hole microquasar grs 1915 + 105 ( castro - tirado , brandt , & lund 1992 ; greiner , morgan , & remillard 19... |
galaxy clusters , the largest gravitationally - bound structures in the universe , are ideal cosmological tools .
accurate measurements of their masses provide a crucial observational constraint on cosmological models .
several dynamical methods have been available to estimate cluster masses , such as ( 1 ) optical mea... | recent studies of lensing clusters reveal that it might be fairly common for a galaxy cluster that the x - ray center has an obvious offset from its gravitational center which is measured by strong lensing .
we argue that if these offsets exist , then x - rays and lensing are indeed measuring different regions of a ... | introduction
mass discrepancy as a result of the dark matter-baryon offset
comparison with observational data
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: recent studies of lensing clusters reveal that it might be fairly common for a galaxy cluster that the x - ray center has an obvious offset from its gravitational center which is measured by strong lensing .
we argue that if these offset... | galaxy clusters , the largest gravitationally - bound structures in the universe , are ideal cosmological tools .
accurate measurements of their masses provide a crucial observational constraint on cosmological models .
several dynamical methods have been available to estimate cluster masses , such as ( 1 ) optical mea... |
we study the problem to find solutions of _ non - homogeneous _
double - confluent heun equations that are monodromy eigenfunctions .
our study is motivated by applications to nonlinear equations modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity .
the main results , their existence and uniqueness ( theorems [ noncom ]... | we study a family of double confluent heun equations that are linearizations of nonlinear equations on two - torus modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity .
they have the form @xmath0 , where @xmath1 is a family of differential operators of order two acting on germs of holomorphic functions in one complex... | introduction: statement of results, sketch of proof and plan of the paper
proof of theorem
explicit formulas for solutions and the coefficients @xmath33
application: monodromy eigenvalues
applications to phase-lock areas in the model of josephson effect | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study a family of double confluent heun equations that are linearizations of nonlinear equations on two - torus modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity .
they have the form @xmath0 , where @xmath1 is a family of differentia... | we study the problem to find solutions of _ non - homogeneous _
double - confluent heun equations that are monodromy eigenfunctions .
our study is motivated by applications to nonlinear equations modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity .
the main results , their existence and uniqueness ( theorems [ noncom ]... |
nuclear fragmentation resulting from heavy ion collsions is a complex phenomenon .
the role of equilibration and dynamics has not yet been determined as a plethora of approaches have been investigated .
examples of approaches are evaporative pictures@xcite , percolation models@xcite , lattice gas models , and dynamical... | the statistical model of chase and mekjian , which offers an analytic solution for the canonical ensemble of non - interacting fragments , is investigated for it s thermodynamic behavior .
various properties of the model , which exhibits a first - order phase transition , are studied .
the effects of finite partic... | introduction
the model
excluded volume
coulomb effects
conservation of isospin
obtaining the microcanonical distribution
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the statistical model of chase and mekjian , which offers an analytic solution for the canonical ensemble of non - interacting fragments , is investigated for it s thermodynamic behavior .
various properties of the model , which exhibits... | nuclear fragmentation resulting from heavy ion collsions is a complex phenomenon .
the role of equilibration and dynamics has not yet been determined as a plethora of approaches have been investigated .
examples of approaches are evaporative pictures@xcite , percolation models@xcite , lattice gas models , and dynamical... |
in the standard model ( sm ) , the only source of cp violation is the kobayashi - maskawa phase @xcite , localized in the unitarity triangle ( ut ) of the cabibbo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) matrix @xcite .
thanks to the precise measurements at the current @xmath3-factories , cp violation could be established in @xma... | we study the implication of the time - dependent cp asymmetry in @xmath0 decays on the extraction of weak phases taking into account the precise measurement of @xmath1 , obtained from the `` gold - plated''mode @xmath2 .
predictions and uncertainties for the hadronic parameters are investigated in qcd factorization ... | introduction
basic formulas
ut through cp violation observables
model independent bound on the ut
summary
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study the implication of the time - dependent cp asymmetry in @xmath0 decays on the extraction of weak phases taking into account the precise measurement of @xmath1 , obtained from the `` gold - plated''mode @xmath2 .
predictions and ... | in the standard model ( sm ) , the only source of cp violation is the kobayashi - maskawa phase @xcite , localized in the unitarity triangle ( ut ) of the cabibbo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) matrix @xcite .
thanks to the precise measurements at the current @xmath3-factories , cp violation could be established in @xma... |
the natural shape of an isolated self - gravitating fluid is axially symmetric .
for this reason , exact axial symmetric solutions of einstein field equations are good candidates to model astrophysical bodies in general relativity . in the last decades
, several exact solutions were studied as possible galactic models ... | the stability of a recently proposed general relativistic model of galaxies is studied in some detail .
this model is a general relativistic version of the well known miyamoto - nagai model that represents well a thick galactic disk .
the stability of the disk is investigated under a general first order perturbati... | introduction
perturbed equations
general relativistic miyamoto-nagai galaxies
perturbations
conclusions
acknowledgments
functions @xmath136, @xmath137 and @xmath138 of section 4.1
functions @xmath136, @xmath137 and @xmath138 of section 4.2
functions @xmath136, @xmath137 and @xmath138 of section 4.3
functions @xmath136,... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the stability of a recently proposed general relativistic model of galaxies is studied in some detail .
this model is a general relativistic version of the well known miyamoto - nagai model that represents well a thick galactic disk .
... | the natural shape of an isolated self - gravitating fluid is axially symmetric .
for this reason , exact axial symmetric solutions of einstein field equations are good candidates to model astrophysical bodies in general relativity . in the last decades
, several exact solutions were studied as possible galactic models ... |
the open connectome project ( located at http://openconnecto.me ) aims to annotate all the features in a 3d volume of neural em data , connect these features , and compute a high resolution wiring diagram of the brain , known as a connectome .
it is hoped that such work will help elucidate the structure and function of... | * _ abstract _ : * in this paper , we present a new pipeline which automatically identifies and annotates axoplasmic reticula , which are small subcellular structures present only in axons .
we run our algorithm on the kasthuri11 dataset , which was color corrected using gradient - domain techniques to adjust contra... | introduction
procedure
results and future work | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: * _ abstract _ : * in this paper , we present a new pipeline which automatically identifies and annotates axoplasmic reticula , which are small subcellular structures present only in axons .
we run our algorithm on the kasthuri11 dataset... | the open connectome project ( located at http://openconnecto.me ) aims to annotate all the features in a 3d volume of neural em data , connect these features , and compute a high resolution wiring diagram of the brain , known as a connectome .
it is hoped that such work will help elucidate the structure and function of... |
the cdf collaboration has reported an excess in the production of two jets in association with a @xmath1 boson production @xcite from data collected at the tevatron with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev and an integrated luminosity of 4.3 fb@xmath6 .
the @xmath1 boson is identified through a charged lepton ( ... | the recent data on @xmath0dijet excess reported by cdf may be interpreted as the associated production of a @xmath1 and a new particle of mass about 150 gev which subsequently decays into two hadron jets .
we study the possibility of explaining the @xmath0dijet excess by colored scalar bosons .
there are several c... | introduction
colored scalars and the cdf @xmath0dijet excess
fcnc constraints on colored scalars
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the recent data on @xmath0dijet excess reported by cdf may be interpreted as the associated production of a @xmath1 and a new particle of mass about 150 gev which subsequently decays into two hadron jets .
we study the possibility of exp... | the cdf collaboration has reported an excess in the production of two jets in association with a @xmath1 boson production @xcite from data collected at the tevatron with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev and an integrated luminosity of 4.3 fb@xmath6 .
the @xmath1 boson is identified through a charged lepton ( ... |
x - ray studies of fairly normal " galaxies , with high - energy emission not obviously dominated by a luminous active galactic nucleus ( agn ) , have recently been extended to cosmologically interesting distances in the deep field ( cdf ) surveys , which have now reached 1 ms of exposure ( cdf - n : hornschemeier e... | we present a statistical x - ray study of spiral galaxies in the hubble deep field - north and its flanking fields using the chandra deep field north 1 ms dataset .
we find that @xmath0 galaxies with @xmath1 have ratios of x - ray to @xmath2-band luminosity similar to those in the local universe , although the dat... | introduction
galaxy samples
stacking procedure and results
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present a statistical x - ray study of spiral galaxies in the hubble deep field - north and its flanking fields using the chandra deep field north 1 ms dataset .
we find that @xmath0 galaxies with @xmath1 have ratios of x - ray to @... | x - ray studies of fairly normal " galaxies , with high - energy emission not obviously dominated by a luminous active galactic nucleus ( agn ) , have recently been extended to cosmologically interesting distances in the deep field ( cdf ) surveys , which have now reached 1 ms of exposure ( cdf - n : hornschemeier e... |
topological phase of condensed matter systems is a quantum many - body state with nontrivial momentum or real space topology in the hilbert spaces @xcite .
recent newly discovered topological superconductor ( tsc ) has spawned considerable interests since this kind of topological phase supports the emergence of majoran... | the asymmetric spin - orbit interactions play a crucial role in realizing topological phases in noncentrosymmetric superconductor ( ncs ) .
we investigate the edge states and the vortex core states in the @xmath0-wave ncs with dresselhaus ( 110 ) spin - orbit coupling by both numerical and analytical methods .
in ... | introduction
model
phase diagrams and topological invariants
majorana fermions at the edge of the system
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the asymmetric spin - orbit interactions play a crucial role in realizing topological phases in noncentrosymmetric superconductor ( ncs ) .
we investigate the edge states and the vortex core states in the @xmath0-wave ncs with dresselhau... | topological phase of condensed matter systems is a quantum many - body state with nontrivial momentum or real space topology in the hilbert spaces @xcite .
recent newly discovered topological superconductor ( tsc ) has spawned considerable interests since this kind of topological phase supports the emergence of majoran... |
the discovery of topological insulators in 2d and 3d has recently attracted a great deal of attention @xcite ( reference therein ) . the appearance of the gapless edge states within the bulk gap is generally believed to be a signature of the topological insulator .
generally speaking , a topological insulator has gaple... | in this work , we consider a tight binding lattice with two non - hermitian impurities .
the system is described by a non - hermitian generalization of the aubry andre model .
we show for the first time that there exists topologically nontrivial edge states with real spectra in the @xmath0 symmetric region .
... | introduction
model | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this work , we consider a tight binding lattice with two non - hermitian impurities .
the system is described by a non - hermitian generalization of the aubry andre model .
we show for the first time that there exists topologically ... | the discovery of topological insulators in 2d and 3d has recently attracted a great deal of attention @xcite ( reference therein ) . the appearance of the gapless edge states within the bulk gap is generally believed to be a signature of the topological insulator .
generally speaking , a topological insulator has gaple... |
in the past decade , observations of type ia supernovae ( sne ia ; riess et al .
1998 ; schmidt et al . 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) , cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) fluctuations ( bennett et al . 2003 ; spergel et al . 2003 , 2007 ) , and large - scale structures ( lss ; tegmark et al . 2004 , 2006 ) have bee... | an important concern in the application of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) to cosmology is that the calibration of grb luminosity / energy relations depends on the cosmological model , due to the lack of a sufficient low - redshift grb sample . in this paper
, we present a new method to calibrate grb relations in a cosm... | introduction
the calibration of the luminosity relations of gamma-ray bursts
the hubble diagram of gamma-ray bursts
summary and discussion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: an important concern in the application of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) to cosmology is that the calibration of grb luminosity / energy relations depends on the cosmological model , due to the lack of a sufficient low - redshift grb sample ... | in the past decade , observations of type ia supernovae ( sne ia ; riess et al .
1998 ; schmidt et al . 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) , cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) fluctuations ( bennett et al . 2003 ; spergel et al . 2003 , 2007 ) , and large - scale structures ( lss ; tegmark et al . 2004 , 2006 ) have bee... |
quantum systems can be correlated in ways that supersede classical descriptions .
however , there are degrees of non - classicality for quantum correlations . for simplicity , we consider only bipartite correlations , with the two , spatially separated , parties being named alice and bob as usual . at the weaker end... | the question of which two - qubit states are steerable ( i.e. permit a demonstration of epr - steering ) remains open . here
, a strong necessary condition is obtained for the steerability of two - qubit states having maximally - mixed reduced states , via the construction of local hidden state models .
it is conj... | introduction
[sec_lhsmodel]epr-steering and local hidden state models
[sec_qse]the quantum steering ellipsoid
[sec_tstate]necessary condition for epr-steerability of t-states
sufficient conditions for epr-steerability
recapitulation and future directions
details of the deterministic lhs model
[app:cov]epr-steering ineq... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the question of which two - qubit states are steerable ( i.e. permit a demonstration of epr - steering ) remains open . here
, a strong necessary condition is obtained for the steerability of two - qubit states having maximally - mixed r... | quantum systems can be correlated in ways that supersede classical descriptions .
however , there are degrees of non - classicality for quantum correlations . for simplicity , we consider only bipartite correlations , with the two , spatially separated , parties being named alice and bob as usual . at the weaker end... |
almost forty years ago exotic , apparently hybrid and unexpected events , dubbed centauros , were observed in cosmic ray ( cr ) experiments in emulsion chambers in chacaltaya by lattes and collaborators @xcite .
those events were very different from what is commonly observed in crs , exhibiting a large number of hadron... | although the generation of disoriented chiral condensates ( dccs ) , where the order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking is misaligned with respect to the vacuum direction in isospin state , is quite natural in the theory of strong interactions , they have so far eluded experiments in accelerators and cosmic rays .... | introduction
dcc features and the neutral pion fraction distribution
dcc simulations
discussion of results
conclusions
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: although the generation of disoriented chiral condensates ( dccs ) , where the order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking is misaligned with respect to the vacuum direction in isospin state , is quite natural in the theory of strong inte... | almost forty years ago exotic , apparently hybrid and unexpected events , dubbed centauros , were observed in cosmic ray ( cr ) experiments in emulsion chambers in chacaltaya by lattes and collaborators @xcite .
those events were very different from what is commonly observed in crs , exhibiting a large number of hadron... |
several decades ago , @xcite postulated that the absorption lines observed in the spectra of distant qsos are due to the extended gaseous halos of intervening galaxies . since that time
, astronomers have identified the galaxies associated with the observed absorption ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) and ha... | we study the cool gas around a galaxy at @xmath0 using keck / lris spectroscopy of a bright ( @xmath1 ) background galaxy at @xmath2 at a transverse distance of @xmath3 kpc .
the background galaxy spectrum reveals strong , , , and absorption at the redshift of the foreground galaxy , with a @xmath4 rest equivalent w... | introduction
the galaxy pair
analysis of the galaxies
discussion
concluding remarks | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study the cool gas around a galaxy at @xmath0 using keck / lris spectroscopy of a bright ( @xmath1 ) background galaxy at @xmath2 at a transverse distance of @xmath3 kpc .
the background galaxy spectrum reveals strong , , , and absorp... | several decades ago , @xcite postulated that the absorption lines observed in the spectra of distant qsos are due to the extended gaseous halos of intervening galaxies . since that time
, astronomers have identified the galaxies associated with the observed absorption ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) and ha... |
superconducting josephson junction qubit is one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computation @xcite .
single qubit coherent oscillations in superconducting qubits have been demonstrated experimentally @xcite and furthermore two qubit coupling and entanglement have been performed in charge @xcit... | we propose a scheme for tunable coupling of phase - coupled flux qubits .
the phase - coupling scheme can provide a strong coupling strength of the order of josephson coupling energy of josephson junctions in the connecting loop , while the previously studied inductive coupling scheme can not provide due to small mu... | introduction
phase-coupling of flux qubits
coupled-qubit states in effective potential
tunable coupling of flux qubits
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we propose a scheme for tunable coupling of phase - coupled flux qubits .
the phase - coupling scheme can provide a strong coupling strength of the order of josephson coupling energy of josephson junctions in the connecting loop , while ... | superconducting josephson junction qubit is one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computation @xcite .
single qubit coherent oscillations in superconducting qubits have been demonstrated experimentally @xcite and furthermore two qubit coupling and entanglement have been performed in charge @xcit... |
in 1985 , hoare s paper _ a couple of novelties in the propositional calculus _ @xcite was published . in this paper
the ternary connective @xmath0 is introduced as the _
conditional_. with @xmath1 and @xmath2 denoting programs and @xmath3 a boolean expression . ] a more common expression for a conditional statement @... | proposition algebra is based on hoare s conditional connective , which is a ternary connective comparable to if - then - else and used in the setting of propositional logic .
conditional statements are provided with a simple semantics that is based on evaluation trees and that characterizes so - called free valuatio... | introduction
evaluation trees for free valuation congruence
evaluation trees for repetition-proof valuation congruence
evaluation trees for contractive valuation congruence
evaluation trees for memorizing valuation congruence
evaluation trees for static valuation congruence
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: proposition algebra is based on hoare s conditional connective , which is a ternary connective comparable to if - then - else and used in the setting of propositional logic .
conditional statements are provided with a simple semantics th... | in 1985 , hoare s paper _ a couple of novelties in the propositional calculus _ @xcite was published . in this paper
the ternary connective @xmath0 is introduced as the _
conditional_. with @xmath1 and @xmath2 denoting programs and @xmath3 a boolean expression . ] a more common expression for a conditional statement @... |
the presence of a surfactant film at a fluid - fluid interface alters the dynamics of the interface .
this is manifested in behavior of the interfacial waves , induced either externally or by thermal fluctuations @xcite .
the interfacial dynamics can be probed by measuring the light scattered on such surface waves ( se... | a theoretical study is presented of surface waves at a monomolecular surfactant film between an isotropic liquid and a nematic liquid crystal for the case when the surfactant film is in the isotropic two - dimensional fluid phase and induces homeotropic ( normal to the interface ) orientation of the nematic director .... | [sec:introduction]introduction
[sec:model]the model
[sec:dispersion]dispersion relation
[sec:modes]surface modes
[sec:field]influence of magnetic field
[sec:conclusion]conclusion
[app:geometry]differential geometry of the interface
[app:isotropic]bulk solution for isotropic liquid
[app:nematic]bulk solution for nematic... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a theoretical study is presented of surface waves at a monomolecular surfactant film between an isotropic liquid and a nematic liquid crystal for the case when the surfactant film is in the isotropic two - dimensional fluid phase and induc... | the presence of a surfactant film at a fluid - fluid interface alters the dynamics of the interface .
this is manifested in behavior of the interfacial waves , induced either externally or by thermal fluctuations @xcite .
the interfacial dynamics can be probed by measuring the light scattered on such surface waves ( se... |
one of the most interesting topic of quantum physics in recent days is the characterization of universal properties of bosonic many - body system in the unitary regime @xcite . by using the feshbach resonance the two - body scattering length @xmath1
is tuned to very large values .
the unitary regime is characterized b... | we study three - dimensional bosonic cluster interacting through van der waals potential at large scattering length .
we use faddeev - type decomposition of the many - body wave function which includes all possible two - body correlations . at large scattering length ,
a series of efimov - like states appear which... | introduction
formalism
results
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study three - dimensional bosonic cluster interacting through van der waals potential at large scattering length .
we use faddeev - type decomposition of the many - body wave function which includes all possible two - body correlation... | one of the most interesting topic of quantum physics in recent days is the characterization of universal properties of bosonic many - body system in the unitary regime @xcite . by using the feshbach resonance the two - body scattering length @xmath1
is tuned to very large values .
the unitary regime is characterized b... |
the visionary who first thought of using the spin polarization of a single electron to encode a binary bit of information has never been identified conclusively .
folklore has it that feynman mentioned this notion in casual conversations ( circa 1985 ) , but to this author s knowledge there did not exist concrete schem... | this article reviews the use of single electron spins to compute . in classical computing schemes , a binary bit
is represented by the spin polarization of a single electron confined in a quantum dot .
if a weak magnetic field is present , the spin orientation becomes a binary variable which can encode logic 0 and... | introduction
spintronic classical (irreversible) logic
problem: lack of unidirectionality
using spin as a qubit
spintronic quantum gates
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: this article reviews the use of single electron spins to compute . in classical computing schemes , a binary bit
is represented by the spin polarization of a single electron confined in a quantum dot .
if a weak magnetic field is prese... | the visionary who first thought of using the spin polarization of a single electron to encode a binary bit of information has never been identified conclusively .
folklore has it that feynman mentioned this notion in casual conversations ( circa 1985 ) , but to this author s knowledge there did not exist concrete schem... |
circumstellar material holds clues about the mass - loss history of massive stars . indeed ,
as the winds interact with the interstellar medium ( wind - blown bubbles , bow shocks ) , they leave a characteristic signature that depends on the wind properties . moreover , the material ejected during short eruptive phases... | the last part of sps5 dealt with the circumstellar environment .
structures are indeed found around several types of massive stars , such as blue and red supergiants , as well as wrs and lbvs . as shown in the last years
, the potential of ir for their study is twofold : first , ir can help discover many previousl... | introduction
blue supergiants
red supergiants
luminous blue variables
wolf-rayet stars
studying the close environment of massive stars
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the last part of sps5 dealt with the circumstellar environment .
structures are indeed found around several types of massive stars , such as blue and red supergiants , as well as wrs and lbvs . as shown in the last years
, the potentia... | circumstellar material holds clues about the mass - loss history of massive stars . indeed ,
as the winds interact with the interstellar medium ( wind - blown bubbles , bow shocks ) , they leave a characteristic signature that depends on the wind properties . moreover , the material ejected during short eruptive phases... |
this paper presents data for the last two patches ( c and d ) of the sky observed by the public eso imaging survey ( eis ) , being carried out in preparation for the first year of regular operation of vlt .
the i - band data reported here covers a total area of 12 square degrees , down to @xmath6 , corresponding to two... | this paper presents the i - band data obtained by the eso imaging survey ( eis ) over two patches of the sky , 6 square degrees each , centered at @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and @xmath2 , @xmath3 .
the data are being made public in the form of object catalogs and , photometrically and astrometrically calibrated pixel maps ... | introduction
observations and data reduction
data evaluation
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: this paper presents the i - band data obtained by the eso imaging survey ( eis ) over two patches of the sky , 6 square degrees each , centered at @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and @xmath2 , @xmath3 .
the data are being made public in the form of ... | this paper presents data for the last two patches ( c and d ) of the sky observed by the public eso imaging survey ( eis ) , being carried out in preparation for the first year of regular operation of vlt .
the i - band data reported here covers a total area of 12 square degrees , down to @xmath6 , corresponding to two... |
over the past 70 years , there have been multiple attempts to dynamically model the movement of polymer chains with brownian dynamics @xcite , which have more recently been used as a model for dna filament dynamics @xcite .
one of the first and simplest descriptions was given as the rouse model @xcite , which is a b... | a multi - resolution bead - spring model for polymer dynamics is developed as a generalization of the rouse model .
a polymer chain is described using beads of variable sizes connected by springs with variable spring constants . a numerical scheme which can use different timesteps to advance the positions of differe... | introduction
multi-resolution bead-spring model
macroscopic properties and parameterizations of multi-resolution bead-spring models
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a multi - resolution bead - spring model for polymer dynamics is developed as a generalization of the rouse model .
a polymer chain is described using beads of variable sizes connected by springs with variable spring constants . a numeri... | over the past 70 years , there have been multiple attempts to dynamically model the movement of polymer chains with brownian dynamics @xcite , which have more recently been used as a model for dna filament dynamics @xcite .
one of the first and simplest descriptions was given as the rouse model @xcite , which is a b... |
a geodesic flow in a given direction on a translation surface induces on a transverse segment an interval exchange map .
dynamic of such transformations has been extensively studied during these last thirty years providing applications to billiards in rational polygons , to measured foliations on surfaces , to teichmll... | interval exchange maps are related to geodesic flows on translation surfaces ; they correspond to the first return maps of the vertical flow on a transverse segment .
the rauzy - veech induction on the space of interval exchange maps provides a powerful tool to analyze the teichmller geodesic flow on the moduli spac... | introduction
background
linear involutions
geometry of generalized permutations
irrationality of linear involutions
dynamics of the renormalized rauzy-veech induction
rauzy classes
computation of the rauzy classes
an other definition of the extended rauzy class | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: interval exchange maps are related to geodesic flows on translation surfaces ; they correspond to the first return maps of the vertical flow on a transverse segment .
the rauzy - veech induction on the space of interval exchange maps pro... | a geodesic flow in a given direction on a translation surface induces on a transverse segment an interval exchange map .
dynamic of such transformations has been extensively studied during these last thirty years providing applications to billiards in rational polygons , to measured foliations on surfaces , to teichmll... |
cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are short - period binaries containing a white dwarf ( wd ) primary ( with mass @xmath2 ) and a low mass main sequence secondary ( with mass @xmath3 ) .
the secondary fills its roche lobe and transfers mass to the wd through the inner lagrangian ( @xmath4 ) point .
the main features of the... | we investigate if consequential angular momentum losses ( caml ) or an intrinsic deformation of the donor star in cvs could increase the cv bounce period from the canonical theoretical value @xmath0 min to the observed value @xmath1 min , and if a variation of these effects in a cv population could wash out the theore... | introduction
theoretical versus observed minimum period
parent distributions versus observations
discussion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we investigate if consequential angular momentum losses ( caml ) or an intrinsic deformation of the donor star in cvs could increase the cv bounce period from the canonical theoretical value @xmath0 min to the observed value @xmath1 min , ... | cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are short - period binaries containing a white dwarf ( wd ) primary ( with mass @xmath2 ) and a low mass main sequence secondary ( with mass @xmath3 ) .
the secondary fills its roche lobe and transfers mass to the wd through the inner lagrangian ( @xmath4 ) point .
the main features of the... |
we first classify the multiplicity - free permutation characters given by the actions of symmetric groups on their conjugacy classes .
for this we shall need the following lemma , ultimately due to frobenius , which implies that multiplicity - free permutation characters only come from permutation actions with relative... | building on work of saxl , we classify the multiplicity - free permutation characters of all symmetric groups of degree @xmath0 or more . a corollary is a complete list of the irreducible characters of symmetric groups ( again of degree @xmath0 or more ) which may appear in a multiplicity - free permutation representa... | proof of theorem[thm:irsconverse]
proof of theorem[thm:main]
proof of theorem[thm:mod]
two counterexamples
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: building on work of saxl , we classify the multiplicity - free permutation characters of all symmetric groups of degree @xmath0 or more . a corollary is a complete list of the irreducible characters of symmetric groups ( again of degree @x... | we first classify the multiplicity - free permutation characters given by the actions of symmetric groups on their conjugacy classes .
for this we shall need the following lemma , ultimately due to frobenius , which implies that multiplicity - free permutation characters only come from permutation actions with relative... |
having been discovered more than a century ago @xcite , whistler waves become one of the most important waves in plasmas . such waves ( also known as helicons in solid state plasmas ) are low - frequency ( lf ) ( in comparison with the electron - cyclotron frequency , @xmath0 ) right - hand circularly polarized ( rcp ... | the nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic ( em ) electron - cyclotron waves ( whistlers ) along an external magnetic field , and their modulation by electrostatic small but finite amplitude ion - acoustic density perturbations are investigated in a uniform quantum plasma with intrinsic spin of electrons .
the eff... | i. introduction
ii. nonlinear evolution equations
iii. stationary localized solutions
iv. growth rate of instability
v. discussion and conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic ( em ) electron - cyclotron waves ( whistlers ) along an external magnetic field , and their modulation by electrostatic small but finite amplitude ion - acoustic density perturbations are inves... | having been discovered more than a century ago @xcite , whistler waves become one of the most important waves in plasmas . such waves ( also known as helicons in solid state plasmas ) are low - frequency ( lf ) ( in comparison with the electron - cyclotron frequency , @xmath0 ) right - hand circularly polarized ( rcp ... |
since its discovery , in 1980 , the quantum hall ( qh ) effect @xcite has been a very rich source of interesting problems related to topological and correlation effects in condensed matter systems .
the qh effect is observed in two - dimensional electron gases@xcite ( 2deg ) exposed to a strong magnetic field perpendic... | interference of fractionally charged quasi - particles is expected to lead to aharonov - bohm oscillations with periods larger than the flux quantum @xmath0 . however , according to the byers - yang theorem , observables of an electronic system are invariant under adiabatic insertion of a quantum of singular flux .
... | introduction.
microscopic description of the mz interferometer
projection onto the low-energy subspace
effective theory
interferometer out of equilibrium
discussion
conclusion
commutation relations for quasi-particle operators | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: interference of fractionally charged quasi - particles is expected to lead to aharonov - bohm oscillations with periods larger than the flux quantum @xmath0 . however , according to the byers - yang theorem , observables of an electronic s... | since its discovery , in 1980 , the quantum hall ( qh ) effect @xcite has been a very rich source of interesting problems related to topological and correlation effects in condensed matter systems .
the qh effect is observed in two - dimensional electron gases@xcite ( 2deg ) exposed to a strong magnetic field perpendic... |
the increasing ability of the direct @xmath0-body method to provide reliable models of the dynamical evolution of star clusters has closely mirrored increases in computing power ( heggie 2011 ) .
the community has progressed from small-@xmath0 models performed on workstations ( e.g. von hoerner 1963 ; mcmillan , hut & ... | we report on the results of a direct @xmath0-body simulation of a star cluster that started with @xmath1 , comprising @xmath2 single stars and @xmath3 primordial binaries .
the code used for the simulation includes stellar evolution , binary evolution , an external tidal field and the effects of two - body relaxatio... | introduction
the model
general evolution
the late action of a black-hole binary
mass segregation
velocity distributions
binaries
scaling of previous timescale results
summary
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report on the results of a direct @xmath0-body simulation of a star cluster that started with @xmath1 , comprising @xmath2 single stars and @xmath3 primordial binaries .
the code used for the simulation includes stellar evolution , bi... | the increasing ability of the direct @xmath0-body method to provide reliable models of the dynamical evolution of star clusters has closely mirrored increases in computing power ( heggie 2011 ) .
the community has progressed from small-@xmath0 models performed on workstations ( e.g. von hoerner 1963 ; mcmillan , hut & ... |
cross sections of high - energy nuclear reactions are expressed in terms of nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) , so that precise npdfs are essential for finding any new phenomena in the high - energy reactions .
recently , this topic is becoming important in heavy - ion collisions for investigating propert... | nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) are determined by global analyses of experimental data on structure - function ratios @xmath0 and drell - yan cross - section ratios @xmath1 .
the analyses are done in the leading order ( lo ) and next - to - leading order ( nlo ) of running coupling constant @xmath2 .... | introduction
[analysis] analysis method
[results] results
nuclear modifications in deuteron
[summary] summary
[appen-a] parameters @xmath62, @xmath63, and @xmath64
[library] code for calculating nuclear parton distribution functions and their uncertainties | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) are determined by global analyses of experimental data on structure - function ratios @xmath0 and drell - yan cross - section ratios @xmath1 .
the analyses are done in the leading order ( l... | cross sections of high - energy nuclear reactions are expressed in terms of nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) , so that precise npdfs are essential for finding any new phenomena in the high - energy reactions .
recently , this topic is becoming important in heavy - ion collisions for investigating propert... |
let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of finite type , i.e. @xmath0 is a closed surface of genus @xmath1 from which @xmath2 points , so - called _ punctures _ , have been deleted .
we assume that @xmath3 , i.e. that @xmath0 is not a sphere with at most @xmath7 punctures or a torus with at most @xmath8 puncture .
we then c... | let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of genus @xmath1 with @xmath2 punctures and @xmath3 .
we construct an uncountable family of probability measures on the space @xmath4 of area one holomorphic quadratic differentials over the moduli space for @xmath0 containing the usual lebesgue measure .
these measures are invar... | introduction
train tracks and geodesic laminations
the curve graph
a symbolic system
symbolic dynamics for the teichmller flow
bernoulli measures for the teichmller flow
the critical exponent of @xmath11
counting closed teichmller geodesics | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of genus @xmath1 with @xmath2 punctures and @xmath3 .
we construct an uncountable family of probability measures on the space @xmath4 of area one holomorphic quadratic differentials over the moduli spac... | let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of finite type , i.e. @xmath0 is a closed surface of genus @xmath1 from which @xmath2 points , so - called _ punctures _ , have been deleted .
we assume that @xmath3 , i.e. that @xmath0 is not a sphere with at most @xmath7 punctures or a torus with at most @xmath8 puncture .
we then c... |
general relativity in spacetime dimension @xmath3 larger than four supports black brane solutions that , unlike in lower dimensions , are not uniquely characterized by their asymptotic charges ( mass , spin , gauge charges ) .
an example of this situation is the kaluza - klein black hole , a solution of the einstein eq... | we study the thermodynamics of small black holes in compactified spacetimes of the form @xmath0 .
this system is analyzed with the aid of an effective field theory ( eft ) formalism in which the structure of the black hole is encoded in the coefficients of operators in an effective worldline lagrangian . in this eff... | introduction
the effective field theory
asymptotic charges
thermodynamics
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study the thermodynamics of small black holes in compactified spacetimes of the form @xmath0 .
this system is analyzed with the aid of an effective field theory ( eft ) formalism in which the structure of the black hole is encoded in ... | general relativity in spacetime dimension @xmath3 larger than four supports black brane solutions that , unlike in lower dimensions , are not uniquely characterized by their asymptotic charges ( mass , spin , gauge charges ) .
an example of this situation is the kaluza - klein black hole , a solution of the einstein eq... |
the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) @xcite is a fourier synthesis , t - shaped non - coplanar array operating at 151.5 mhz .
the telescope was built to fill the gap in the availability of deep sky surveys at low radio frequencies in the southern hemisphere .
the aim of the survey with mrt is to contribute to the da... | a steradian of the southern sky has been imaged at 151.5 mhz using the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) .
these images show systematics in positional errors of sources when compared to source positions in the molonglo reference catalogue ( mrc ) .
we have applied two - dimensional homography to correct for syste... | introduction
positional errors
2-d homography
the correction scheme
array geometry: hypothesis & re-estimation
conclusions
acknowledgement | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a steradian of the southern sky has been imaged at 151.5 mhz using the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) .
these images show systematics in positional errors of sources when compared to source positions in the molonglo reference catalog... | the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) @xcite is a fourier synthesis , t - shaped non - coplanar array operating at 151.5 mhz .
the telescope was built to fill the gap in the availability of deep sky surveys at low radio frequencies in the southern hemisphere .
the aim of the survey with mrt is to contribute to the da... |
the properties of the relativistic fermi gas ( rfg ) model of the nucleus @xcite have inspired the idea of superscaling . in the rfg model , the responses of the system to an external perturbation
are related to a universal function of a properly defined scaling variable which depends upon the energy and the momentum t... | superscaling analysis of electroweak nuclear response functions is done for momentum transfer values from 300 to 700 mev / c .
some effects , absent in the relativistic fermi gas model , where the superscaling holds by construction , are considered . from the responses calculated for the @xmath0c , @xmath1o and @xma... | introduction
superscaling beyond rfg model
superscaling predictions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: superscaling analysis of electroweak nuclear response functions is done for momentum transfer values from 300 to 700 mev / c .
some effects , absent in the relativistic fermi gas model , where the superscaling holds by construction , are... | the properties of the relativistic fermi gas ( rfg ) model of the nucleus @xcite have inspired the idea of superscaling . in the rfg model , the responses of the system to an external perturbation
are related to a universal function of a properly defined scaling variable which depends upon the energy and the momentum t... |
one of the oldest problems of algebra is the equation solvability problem over a given algebraic structure . nowadays ,
many such classical problems arise in a new perspective , namely to consider their computational complexity . in this paper
we investigate the complexity of the equation solvability problem over finit... | the complexity of the equation solvability problem is known for nilpotent groups , for not solvable groups and for some semidirect products of abelian groups .
we provide a new polynomial time algorithm for deciding the equation solvability problem over certain semidirect products , where the first factor is not nec... | introduction
preliminaries
equation solvability problem over semipattern groups
the complexity of equation solvability problem over nilpotent matrix rings | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the complexity of the equation solvability problem is known for nilpotent groups , for not solvable groups and for some semidirect products of abelian groups .
we provide a new polynomial time algorithm for deciding the equation solvabil... | one of the oldest problems of algebra is the equation solvability problem over a given algebraic structure . nowadays ,
many such classical problems arise in a new perspective , namely to consider their computational complexity . in this paper
we investigate the complexity of the equation solvability problem over finit... |
gliese 229b is not only the first brown dwarf recognized as genuine @xcite , but it is also the brightest and best - studied t dwarf known . with an effective temperature of @xmath5k , it lies squarely between the latest l dwarfs ( @xmath6k , @xcite ) and the giant planets of the solar system ( @xmath7k ) .
indeed , it... | we present new , high resolution , infrared spectra of the t dwarf gliese 229b in the @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and @xmath2 bandpasses .
we analyze each of these as well as previously published spectra to determine its metallicity and the abundances of nh@xmath3 and co in terms of the surface gravity of gl 229b , which re... | introduction
spectroscopic observations
effective temperature and gravity
method of analysis
results from fitting the spectra
discussion
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present new , high resolution , infrared spectra of the t dwarf gliese 229b in the @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and @xmath2 bandpasses .
we analyze each of these as well as previously published spectra to determine its metallicity and the abun... | gliese 229b is not only the first brown dwarf recognized as genuine @xcite , but it is also the brightest and best - studied t dwarf known . with an effective temperature of @xmath5k , it lies squarely between the latest l dwarfs ( @xmath6k , @xcite ) and the giant planets of the solar system ( @xmath7k ) .
indeed , it... |
densely - grafted chains on nonadsorbing substrate surfaces form the so - called `` polymer brush''@xcite .
these systems find various important applications @xcite , e.g. as lubricants @xcite , for colloid stabilization @xcite , for tuning of adhesion and wetting properties @xcite , for improving the biocompatibility ... | the absorption of free linear chains in a polymer brush was studied with respect to chain size @xmath0 and compatibility @xmath1 with the brush by means of monte carlo ( mc ) simulations and density functional theory ( dft ) / self - consistent field theory ( scft ) at both moderate , @xmath2 , and high , @xmath3 , gr... | introduction
model and simulation aspects
theory
results
discussion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the absorption of free linear chains in a polymer brush was studied with respect to chain size @xmath0 and compatibility @xmath1 with the brush by means of monte carlo ( mc ) simulations and density functional theory ( dft ) / self - consi... | densely - grafted chains on nonadsorbing substrate surfaces form the so - called `` polymer brush''@xcite .
these systems find various important applications @xcite , e.g. as lubricants @xcite , for colloid stabilization @xcite , for tuning of adhesion and wetting properties @xcite , for improving the biocompatibility ... |
systems of interacting open- and closed - strings play important roles in several aspects of string theory .
it has been found out that theories even formulated as pure closed - strings have open - string sectors when they are accompanied by d - branes @xcite .
one of the most important features of such open - closed m... | system of a d - brane in bosonic string theory on a constant @xmath0 field background is studied in order to obtain further insight into the bulk - boundary duality .
boundary states which describe arbitrary numbers of open - string tachyons and gluons are given .
uv behaviors of field theories on the non - commut... | introduction
a short course on boundary states
open-string tachyons in closed-string theory
uv limit of non-commutative scalar field theory
coordinate and momentum eigenstates of closed-string
open wilson lines in closed-string theory (i)
gluons in closed-string theory
uv limit of non-commutative gauge theory
open wils... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: system of a d - brane in bosonic string theory on a constant @xmath0 field background is studied in order to obtain further insight into the bulk - boundary duality .
boundary states which describe arbitrary numbers of open - string tach... | systems of interacting open- and closed - strings play important roles in several aspects of string theory .
it has been found out that theories even formulated as pure closed - strings have open - string sectors when they are accompanied by d - branes @xcite .
one of the most important features of such open - closed m... |
in the last years wireless communication systems coped with the problem of delivering reliable information while granting high throughput . this problem has often been faced resorting to channel codes able to correct errors even at low signal to noise ratios .
as pointed out in table i in @xcite , several standards for... | this work proposes a general framework for the design and simulation of network on chip based turbo decoder architectures .
several parameters in the design space are investigated , namely the network topology , the parallelism degree , the rate at which messages are sent by processing nodes over the network and the... | introduction
system requirement analysis
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: this work proposes a general framework for the design and simulation of network on chip based turbo decoder architectures .
several parameters in the design space are investigated , namely the network topology , the parallelism degree , ... | in the last years wireless communication systems coped with the problem of delivering reliable information while granting high throughput . this problem has often been faced resorting to channel codes able to correct errors even at low signal to noise ratios .
as pointed out in table i in @xcite , several standards for... |
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