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gas in giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) is distributed non - uniformly and appears to aggregate itself into isolated dense clumps or more contiguous and elongated , filament - like structures .
detailed observations of potential star - forming clouds have demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of filamentary clouds .
for ex... | it is now widely accepted that dense filaments of molecular gas are integral to the process of stellar birth and potential star - forming cores often appear embedded within these filaments . although numerical simulations have largely succeeded in reproducing filamentary structure in dynamic environments such as in tu... | introduction
stability of a pressure confined non-magnetic cylinder
physical details
results
discussion
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: it is now widely accepted that dense filaments of molecular gas are integral to the process of stellar birth and potential star - forming cores often appear embedded within these filaments . although numerical simulations have largely succ... | gas in giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) is distributed non - uniformly and appears to aggregate itself into isolated dense clumps or more contiguous and elongated , filament - like structures .
detailed observations of potential star - forming clouds have demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of filamentary clouds .
for ex... |
shortly after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation ( cbr ) , it was shown that cosmic ray protons above @xmath160 eev ( @xmath2ev ) should be attenuated by photomeson interactions with cbr photons ( @xcite ) .
it was later calculated that heavier cosmic ray nuclei with similar _ total _ energies w... | we present the results of a new calculation of the photodisintegration of ultrahigh energy cosmic - ray ( uhcr ) nuclei in intergalactic space .
the critical interactions for energy loss and photodisintegration of uhcr nuclei occur with photons of the 2.73 k cosmic background radiation ( cbr ) and with photons of th... | introduction
propagation of uhcr nuclei
calculations
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present the results of a new calculation of the photodisintegration of ultrahigh energy cosmic - ray ( uhcr ) nuclei in intergalactic space .
the critical interactions for energy loss and photodisintegration of uhcr nuclei occur with ... | shortly after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation ( cbr ) , it was shown that cosmic ray protons above @xmath160 eev ( @xmath2ev ) should be attenuated by photomeson interactions with cbr photons ( @xcite ) .
it was later calculated that heavier cosmic ray nuclei with similar _ total _ energies w... |
any _ in vivo _ quantum system is in a contact with its environment .
although typically weak , this interaction becomes relevant when studying the evolution of a system over long time scales .
in particular , the asymptotic state of such an _ open _ system depends both on the unitary action induced by the system hamil... | quantum systems out of equilibrium are now a subject of intensive research both in theoretical and experimental physics . in this paper
we study periodically modulated quantum systems which are in contact with a stationary environment . within the framework of lindblad quantum master equation ,
the asymptotic stat... | introduction
applications
summary and outlook
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: quantum systems out of equilibrium are now a subject of intensive research both in theoretical and experimental physics . in this paper
we study periodically modulated quantum systems which are in contact with a stationary environment . ... | any _ in vivo _ quantum system is in a contact with its environment .
although typically weak , this interaction becomes relevant when studying the evolution of a system over long time scales .
in particular , the asymptotic state of such an _ open _ system depends both on the unitary action induced by the system hamil... |
figure [ fig : figure1 ] shows the point set of an optimal ( crossing minimal ) rectilinear drawing of @xmath8 , with an evident partition of the @xmath9 vertices into @xmath1 highly structured clusters of @xmath1 vertices each : [ fig : figure1 ] are clustered into @xmath1 sets.,width=113 ] a similar , natu... | the point sets of all known optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 share an unmistakeable clustering property , the so called _ 3decomposability_. it is widely believed that the underlying point sets of all optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 are @xmath1decomposable . we give a lower bound for the minimum number... | introduction
proof of theorem[thm:main]
proof of theorem[thm:mainksets]
concluding remarks
the exact number of edges in @xmath132
upper bound for number of edges in @xmath132: + proof of claim[cla:theclaim] | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the point sets of all known optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 share an unmistakeable clustering property , the so called _ 3decomposability_. it is widely believed that the underlying point sets of all optimal rectilinear drawings o... | figure [ fig : figure1 ] shows the point set of an optimal ( crossing minimal ) rectilinear drawing of @xmath8 , with an evident partition of the @xmath9 vertices into @xmath1 highly structured clusters of @xmath1 vertices each : [ fig : figure1 ] are clustered into @xmath1 sets.,width=113 ] a similar , natu... |
our bubble chambers are insensitive to minimum ionizing particles , allowing us to exploit a new calibration technique using charged pions as wimp surrogates to produce nuclear recoils by strong elastic scattering .
we measure the pion scattering angle using silicon pixel detectors .
the nuclear recoil kinetic energy c... | we have directly measured the energy threshold and efficiency for bubble nucleation from iodine recoils in a cf@xmath0i bubble chamber in the energy range of interest for a dark matter search .
these interactions can not be probed by standard neutron calibration methods , so we develop a new technique by observing t... | experimental design
analysis | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we have directly measured the energy threshold and efficiency for bubble nucleation from iodine recoils in a cf@xmath0i bubble chamber in the energy range of interest for a dark matter search .
these interactions can not be probed by sta... | our bubble chambers are insensitive to minimum ionizing particles , allowing us to exploit a new calibration technique using charged pions as wimp surrogates to produce nuclear recoils by strong elastic scattering .
we measure the pion scattering angle using silicon pixel detectors .
the nuclear recoil kinetic energy c... |
with the advent of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates and the possibility of exotic gap symmetry including nodal behavior , a renewed effort to find novel experimental probes of order parameter symmetry has ensued .
one result of this effort was the proposal by sauls and co - workers@xcite to examine th... | we have calculated the nonlinear current of a number of single band s - wave electron - phonon superconductors . among issues considered were those of dimensionality , strong electron - phonon coupling , impurities , and comparison with bcs . for the case of two bands ,
particular attention is paid to the role of an... | introduction
theory
one-band s-wave superconductors
two-band s-wave superconductors
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we have calculated the nonlinear current of a number of single band s - wave electron - phonon superconductors . among issues considered were those of dimensionality , strong electron - phonon coupling , impurities , and comparison with bc... | with the advent of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates and the possibility of exotic gap symmetry including nodal behavior , a renewed effort to find novel experimental probes of order parameter symmetry has ensued .
one result of this effort was the proposal by sauls and co - workers@xcite to examine th... |
for proper , locally flat embeddings in @xmath1 , it is well - known that : 1 .
[ rlt ] a ray (= copy of @xmath2 ) knots if and only if @xmath3 .
[ hlt ] a hyperplane (= copy of @xmath4 ) knots if and only if @xmath3 . both facts hold in the smooth , piecewise linear , and topological categories @xcite .
fox and... | three disjoint rays in @xmath0 form _ borromean rays _ provided their union is knotted , but the union of any two components is unknotted .
we construct infinitely many borromean rays , uncountably many of which are pairwise inequivalent .
we obtain uncountably many borromean hyperplanes . | introduction
building blocks
irreducible blocks
unknotted ball-arc pairs
irreducibility of blocks in b
improving spheres in concatenations of borromean blocks
borromean rays and hyperplanes | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: three disjoint rays in @xmath0 form _ borromean rays _ provided their union is knotted , but the union of any two components is unknotted .
we construct infinitely many borromean rays , uncountably many of which are pairwise inequivalent... | for proper , locally flat embeddings in @xmath1 , it is well - known that : 1 .
[ rlt ] a ray (= copy of @xmath2 ) knots if and only if @xmath3 .
[ hlt ] a hyperplane (= copy of @xmath4 ) knots if and only if @xmath3 . both facts hold in the smooth , piecewise linear , and topological categories @xcite .
fox and... |
theoretical descriptions of photonic crystal fibers ( pcfs ) have traditionally been restricted to numerical evaluation of maxwell s equations . in the most general case , a plane wave expansion method with periodic boundary conditions
is employed @xcite while other methods , such as the multipole method @xcite , take... | based on a recent formulation of the @xmath0parameter of a photonic crystal fiber we provide numerically based empirical expressions for this quantity only dependent on the two structural parameters the air hole diameter and the hole - to - hole center spacing . based on the unique relation between the @xmath0paramet... | introduction
fiber geometry and numerical method
the @xmath0parameter and the relative mode-field radius
@xmath0parameter expression
endlessly single-mode criterion
conclusion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: based on a recent formulation of the @xmath0parameter of a photonic crystal fiber we provide numerically based empirical expressions for this quantity only dependent on the two structural parameters the air hole diameter and the hole - to... | theoretical descriptions of photonic crystal fibers ( pcfs ) have traditionally been restricted to numerical evaluation of maxwell s equations . in the most general case , a plane wave expansion method with periodic boundary conditions
is employed @xcite while other methods , such as the multipole method @xcite , take... |
classification problem is one of the most important tasks in time series data mining . a well - known 1-nearest neighbor ( 1-nn ) with dynamic time warping ( dtw )
distance is one of the best classifier to classify time series data , among other approaches , such as support vector machine ( svm ) @xcite , artificial ne... | 1-nearest neighbor with the dynamic time warping ( dtw ) distance is one of the most effective classifiers on time series domain .
since the global constraint has been introduced in speech community , many global constraint models have been proposed including sakoe - chiba ( s - c ) band , itakura parallelogram , an... | introduction
background
conclusion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: 1-nearest neighbor with the dynamic time warping ( dtw ) distance is one of the most effective classifiers on time series domain .
since the global constraint has been introduced in speech community , many global constraint models have b... | classification problem is one of the most important tasks in time series data mining . a well - known 1-nearest neighbor ( 1-nn ) with dynamic time warping ( dtw )
distance is one of the best classifier to classify time series data , among other approaches , such as support vector machine ( svm ) @xcite , artificial ne... |
matrices with random ( or pseudo - random ) elements appear naturally in many different problems and are well investigated in physical and mathematical literature ( see e.g. @xcite ) . in this note
we consider a special class of sparse random matrices , namely , matrices associated with tree ( or tree - like ) structu... | for random matrices with tree - like structure there exists a recursive relation for the local green functions whose solution permits to find directly many important quantities in the limit of infinite matrix dimensions .
the purpose of this note is to investigate and compare expressions for the spectral density of ... | introduction
spectral density
mean-field approximation and beyond
diagonal disorder
off-diagonal disorder
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: for random matrices with tree - like structure there exists a recursive relation for the local green functions whose solution permits to find directly many important quantities in the limit of infinite matrix dimensions .
the purpose of ... | matrices with random ( or pseudo - random ) elements appear naturally in many different problems and are well investigated in physical and mathematical literature ( see e.g. @xcite ) . in this note
we consider a special class of sparse random matrices , namely , matrices associated with tree ( or tree - like ) structu... |
in the studies of spin glasses , much effort has been devoted either exprimentally or theoretically to the properties under magnetic fields .
unfortunately , our understanding of them still has remained unsatisfactory@xcite .
on theoretical side , most of the numerical studies have focused on the properties of the simp... | spin and chirality orderings of the three - dimensional heisenberg spin glass under magnetic fields are studied by large - scale equilibrium monte carlo simulations .
it is found that the chiral - glass transition and the chiral - glass ordered state , which are essentially of the same character as their zero - fiel... | introduction
the model and the method
physical quantities
monte carlo results
summary and discussion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: spin and chirality orderings of the three - dimensional heisenberg spin glass under magnetic fields are studied by large - scale equilibrium monte carlo simulations .
it is found that the chiral - glass transition and the chiral - glass ... | in the studies of spin glasses , much effort has been devoted either exprimentally or theoretically to the properties under magnetic fields .
unfortunately , our understanding of them still has remained unsatisfactory@xcite .
on theoretical side , most of the numerical studies have focused on the properties of the simp... |
given competing mathematical models to describe a process , we wish to know whether our data is compatible with the candidate models . often comparing models requires optimization and fitting time course data to estimate parameter values and then applying an information criterion to select a ` best ' model @xcite .
how... | we present a method for rejecting competing models from noisy time - course data that does not rely on parameter inference .
first we characterize ordinary differential equation models in only measurable variables using differential algebra elimination .
next we extract additional information from the given data u... | introduction
differential elimination
solvability of linear system @xmath79
statistical inference
gaussian processes to estimate derivatives
results
other considerations: known parameter values, algebraic dependencies, and identifiability
discussion/conclusion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present a method for rejecting competing models from noisy time - course data that does not rely on parameter inference .
first we characterize ordinary differential equation models in only measurable variables using differential alge... | given competing mathematical models to describe a process , we wish to know whether our data is compatible with the candidate models . often comparing models requires optimization and fitting time course data to estimate parameter values and then applying an information criterion to select a ` best ' model @xcite .
how... |
there is recent observational evidence that a significant fraction of massive evolved spheroidal stellar systems is already in place at redshift @xmath4 .
however , only a small percentage of these galaxies is fully assembled @xcite .
the galaxies are smaller by a factor of three to five compared to present - day ellip... | using a high resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the formation of a massive spheroidal galaxy we show that elliptical galaxies can be very compact and massive at high redshift in agreement with recent observations
. accretion of stripped in - falling stellar material increases the size of the system... | introduction
size evolution and minor mergers
high resolution simulations of an individual galaxy halo
results
conclusion & discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: using a high resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the formation of a massive spheroidal galaxy we show that elliptical galaxies can be very compact and massive at high redshift in agreement with recent observations
. accr... | there is recent observational evidence that a significant fraction of massive evolved spheroidal stellar systems is already in place at redshift @xmath4 .
however , only a small percentage of these galaxies is fully assembled @xcite .
the galaxies are smaller by a factor of three to five compared to present - day ellip... |
there are basically two methods to determine the weak axial form factor of the nucleon .
one set of experimental data comes from measurements of ( quasi)elastic ( anti)neutrino scattering on protons @xcite , deuterons @xcite and other nuclei ( al , fe ) @xcite or composite targets like freon @xcite and propane @xcite .... | the reaction @xmath0 was measured at the mainz microtron mami at an invariant mass of @xmath1 and four - momentum transfers of @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 . for each value of @xmath5
, a rosenbluth separation of the transverse and longitudinal cross sections was performed .
an effective lagrangian model was used... | introduction
kinematics of the experiment
experimental setup
data analysis
results and discussion
summary and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the reaction @xmath0 was measured at the mainz microtron mami at an invariant mass of @xmath1 and four - momentum transfers of @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 . for each value of @xmath5
, a rosenbluth separation of the transverse and long... | there are basically two methods to determine the weak axial form factor of the nucleon .
one set of experimental data comes from measurements of ( quasi)elastic ( anti)neutrino scattering on protons @xcite , deuterons @xcite and other nuclei ( al , fe ) @xcite or composite targets like freon @xcite and propane @xcite .... |
both cosmic star formation rate and active galactic nucleus ( agn ) density have been found to reach their peaks at @xmath32 @xcite . in the local universe , a supermassive black hole ( smbh )
generically exists in the center of early - type galaxies with the black hole mass tightly correlating with that of the galaxy ... | previous studies have shown that _ wise_-selected hyperluminous , hot dust - obscured galaxies ( hot dogs ) are powered by highly dust - obscured , possibly compton - thick agns .
high obscuration provides us a good chance to study the host morphology of the most luminous agns directly .
we analyze the host morpho... | introduction
sample and data
results
discussion and summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: previous studies have shown that _ wise_-selected hyperluminous , hot dust - obscured galaxies ( hot dogs ) are powered by highly dust - obscured , possibly compton - thick agns .
high obscuration provides us a good chance to study the h... | both cosmic star formation rate and active galactic nucleus ( agn ) density have been found to reach their peaks at @xmath32 @xcite . in the local universe , a supermassive black hole ( smbh )
generically exists in the center of early - type galaxies with the black hole mass tightly correlating with that of the galaxy ... |
the photo - nuclear cross sections parameterized in the geant4 covers all incident photon energies from hadron production threshold up - wards .
the parameterization is subdivided into five energy regions , each corresponding to the physical process that dominates .
these are the giant dipole resonance ( gdr ) region ,... | adequate description of electro and gamma nuclear physics is of utmost importance in studies of electron beam - dumps and intense electron beam accelerators .
i also is mandatory to describe neutron backgrounds and activation in linear colliders .
this physics was elaborated in geant4 over the last year , and now ... | gamma nuclear reactions
electro-nuclear scattering
comparison with experiment | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: adequate description of electro and gamma nuclear physics is of utmost importance in studies of electron beam - dumps and intense electron beam accelerators .
i also is mandatory to describe neutron backgrounds and activation in linear c... | the photo - nuclear cross sections parameterized in the geant4 covers all incident photon energies from hadron production threshold up - wards .
the parameterization is subdivided into five energy regions , each corresponding to the physical process that dominates .
these are the giant dipole resonance ( gdr ) region ,... |
believed to be the main origin of the jet quenching phenomena observed @xcite in nucleus
nucleus collisions at rhic energy @xmath2@xmath3 , parton energy loss via gluon - radiation is expected to depend on the properties ( gluon density and volume ) of the ` medium ' formed in the collision and on the properties ( co... | the attenuation of heavy - flavored particles in nucleus
nucleus collisions tests the microscopic dynamics of medium - induced parton energy loss and , in particular , its expected dependence on the identity ( color charge and mass ) of the parent parton .
we discuss the comparison of theoretical calculations wit... | introduction
single electrons at rhic
heavy-to-light ratios at lhc | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the attenuation of heavy - flavored particles in nucleus
nucleus collisions tests the microscopic dynamics of medium - induced parton energy loss and , in particular , its expected dependence on the identity ( color charge and mass ) of... | believed to be the main origin of the jet quenching phenomena observed @xcite in nucleus
nucleus collisions at rhic energy @xmath2@xmath3 , parton energy loss via gluon - radiation is expected to depend on the properties ( gluon density and volume ) of the ` medium ' formed in the collision and on the properties ( co... |
frustration is one of the interesting subjects in statistical physics , mainly because it can induce additional symmetry and lead the system to display rich low - temperature structures .
the so - called two - dimensional ( 2d ) fully frustrated xy models have attracted an extensive investigation in the last two decade... | monte carlo simulations using the newly proposed wang - landau algorithm together with the broad histogram relation are performed to study the antiferromagnetic six - state clock model on the triangular lattice , which is fully frustrated .
we confirm the existence of the magnetic ordering belonging to the kosterlit... | introduction
model and simulation method
results
concluding remarks
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: monte carlo simulations using the newly proposed wang - landau algorithm together with the broad histogram relation are performed to study the antiferromagnetic six - state clock model on the triangular lattice , which is fully frustrated ... | frustration is one of the interesting subjects in statistical physics , mainly because it can induce additional symmetry and lead the system to display rich low - temperature structures .
the so - called two - dimensional ( 2d ) fully frustrated xy models have attracted an extensive investigation in the last two decade... |
hamilton equations of motion constitute a system of ordinary first order differential equations , @xmath3 where the @xmath4 denotes differentiation with respect to time @xmath5 , and @xmath6 .
they can be viewed as the characteristic equations of the partial differential equation @xmath7 with @xmath8 the first order di... | we show how the standard ( strmer - verlet ) splitting method for differential equations of hamiltonian mechanics ( with accuracy of order @xmath0 for a timestep of length @xmath1 ) can be improved in a systematic manner without using the composition method .
we give the explicit expressions which increase the accur... | introduction
harmonic oscillators
nonlinear systems
solving the _move_ steps
explict computations
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we show how the standard ( strmer - verlet ) splitting method for differential equations of hamiltonian mechanics ( with accuracy of order @xmath0 for a timestep of length @xmath1 ) can be improved in a systematic manner without using the ... | hamilton equations of motion constitute a system of ordinary first order differential equations , @xmath3 where the @xmath4 denotes differentiation with respect to time @xmath5 , and @xmath6 .
they can be viewed as the characteristic equations of the partial differential equation @xmath7 with @xmath8 the first order di... |
in our experiment , we begin with an optical characterization of the qds and observe a significantly reduced spectral linewidth of the emitted photons from a resonantly driven single qd compared with incoherent excitation methods including via above - bandgap and p - shell using cw lasers .
figure@xmath3s2(a - c ) pres... | single photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information , including a scalable solid - state platform , ultrabrightness , and interconnectivity with matter qubits .
a key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid - state networks is a high l... | supplementary information | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: single photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information , including a scalable solid - state platform , ultrabrightness , and interconnectivity with matter qubits .
a key prerequisite f... | in our experiment , we begin with an optical characterization of the qds and observe a significantly reduced spectral linewidth of the emitted photons from a resonantly driven single qd compared with incoherent excitation methods including via above - bandgap and p - shell using cw lasers .
figure@xmath3s2(a - c ) pres... |
efficient mechanisms to generate coherent superpositions of quantum states are central to a rich variety of applications in modern quantum physics . quantum logic gates ,
i.e. the key components of a quantum computer @xcite , rely on superpositions of two degenerate quantum states as qubits @xcite .
quantum tunnellin... | we propose a technique to prepare coherent superpositions of two nondegenerate quantum states in a three - state ladder system , driven by two simultaneous fields near resonance with an intermediate state .
the technique , of potential application to enhancement of nonlinear processes , uses adiabatic passage assist... | introduction
enhancement of four-wave mixing by maximum coherence
adiabatic preparation of coherent superpositions
stark-assisted coherent superposition (sacs)
proposed experimental implementation of sacs
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we propose a technique to prepare coherent superpositions of two nondegenerate quantum states in a three - state ladder system , driven by two simultaneous fields near resonance with an intermediate state .
the technique , of potential a... | efficient mechanisms to generate coherent superpositions of quantum states are central to a rich variety of applications in modern quantum physics . quantum logic gates ,
i.e. the key components of a quantum computer @xcite , rely on superpositions of two degenerate quantum states as qubits @xcite .
quantum tunnellin... |
we are interested in the transitions from a single - electron bound state @xmath0 ( with a wave function @xmath1 and energy @xmath2 ) to a continuum state @xmath3 ( with a wave function @xmath4 and energy @xmath5 ) ( fig .
[ fig : sketch ] ) .
( a ) sketch of a qd chain , ( b ) energy diagram of a qd chain with an elec... | we present a theoretical analysis of intraband optical transitions from the intermediate pseudo - band of confined states to the conduction band in a finite , inhomogeneous stack of self - assembled semiconductor quantum dots .
the chain is modeled with an effective hamiltonian including nearest - neighbor tunnel co... | model
light absorption by a qd chain
results
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present a theoretical analysis of intraband optical transitions from the intermediate pseudo - band of confined states to the conduction band in a finite , inhomogeneous stack of self - assembled semiconductor quantum dots .
the chain... | we are interested in the transitions from a single - electron bound state @xmath0 ( with a wave function @xmath1 and energy @xmath2 ) to a continuum state @xmath3 ( with a wave function @xmath4 and energy @xmath5 ) ( fig .
[ fig : sketch ] ) .
( a ) sketch of a qd chain , ( b ) energy diagram of a qd chain with an elec... |
the standard model of elementary particles ( sm ) has been very successful in describing the nature at the electroweak ( ew ) scale .
recently , the atlas and cms collaborations at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) have discovered a new particle @xcite , which is consistent with the sm higgs boson .
this discovery als... | in this paper , we consider phenomenology of a model with an @xmath0 gauge symmetry . since the muon couples to the @xmath0 gauge boson ( called @xmath1 boson ) , its contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment ( muon g-2 ) can account for the discrepancy between the standard model prediction and the experiment... | introduction
passarino-veltman functions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this paper , we consider phenomenology of a model with an @xmath0 gauge symmetry . since the muon couples to the @xmath0 gauge boson ( called @xmath1 boson ) , its contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment ( muon g-2 ) can acco... | the standard model of elementary particles ( sm ) has been very successful in describing the nature at the electroweak ( ew ) scale .
recently , the atlas and cms collaborations at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) have discovered a new particle @xcite , which is consistent with the sm higgs boson .
this discovery als... |
let @xmath5 is an @xmath0-cobordism between smooth manifolds @xmath6 and @xmath7 .
since pioneering work in the 1980 s it has been known that @xmath6 and @xmath7 are not necessarily diffeomorphic @xcite , but they are homeomorphic @xcite when the fundamental group is of a certain type , called `` good '' ( a kind of ti... | a smooth five - dimensional @xmath0-cobordism becomes a smooth product if stabilized by a finite number @xmath1 of @xmath2)$ ] s .
we show that for amenable fundamental groups , the minimal @xmath1 is subextensive in covers , i.e. , @xmath3 .
we focus on the notion of sweepout width , which is a bridge between @xm... | introduction
coarse geometry
smooth topology | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a smooth five - dimensional @xmath0-cobordism becomes a smooth product if stabilized by a finite number @xmath1 of @xmath2)$ ] s .
we show that for amenable fundamental groups , the minimal @xmath1 is subextensive in covers , i.e. , @xma... | let @xmath5 is an @xmath0-cobordism between smooth manifolds @xmath6 and @xmath7 .
since pioneering work in the 1980 s it has been known that @xmath6 and @xmath7 are not necessarily diffeomorphic @xcite , but they are homeomorphic @xcite when the fundamental group is of a certain type , called `` good '' ( a kind of ti... |
competing electronic phases underlie a number of the most unconventional phenomena in condensed matter systems . when this competition is sufficiently strong , the usual outcome is a phase separation .
one outstanding example of this situation is provided by materials showing colossal magnetoresistance , where competin... | we report a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) study by combined @xmath0na and @xmath1as measurements over a broad range of doping to map the phase diagram of nafe@xmath2co@xmath3as . in the underdoped regime
( @xmath4 0.017 ) , we find a magnetic phase with robust antiferromagnetic ( afm ) order , which we... | introduction
materials and methods
nature of underdoped phase separation
field-controlled volume competition
phase diagram
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) study by combined @xmath0na and @xmath1as measurements over a broad range of doping to map the phase diagram of nafe@xmath2co@xmath3as . in the underdoped regime
( @xmath4 0.017 ) ,... | competing electronic phases underlie a number of the most unconventional phenomena in condensed matter systems . when this competition is sufficiently strong , the usual outcome is a phase separation .
one outstanding example of this situation is provided by materials showing colossal magnetoresistance , where competin... |
these notes are an abbreviated version of lectures given at the 1997 zakopane school .
they contain two topics .
the first is a description in elementary terms of the basic ideas underlying the speculative hypothesis that pieces of strong - interaction vacuum with a rotated chiral order parameter , disoriented chiral c... | the basic ideas underlying the production dynamics and search techniques for disoriented chiral condensate are described . | introduction
theory of dcc production
dcc phenomenology
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the basic ideas underlying the production dynamics and search techniques for disoriented chiral condensate are described . | these notes are an abbreviated version of lectures given at the 1997 zakopane school .
they contain two topics .
the first is a description in elementary terms of the basic ideas underlying the speculative hypothesis that pieces of strong - interaction vacuum with a rotated chiral order parameter , disoriented chiral c... |
in 2011 , i described a timing sequencer and related laser lab instrumentation based on 16-bit microcontrollers and a homemade custom keypad / display unit.@xcite since then , two new developments have enabled a far more powerful approach : the availability of high - performance 32-bit microcontrollers in low - pin - c... | several high - performance lab instruments suitable for manual assembly have been developed using low - pin - count 32-bit microcontrollers that communicate with an android tablet via a usb interface .
a single android tablet app accommodates multiple interface needs by uploading parameter lists and graphical data f... | [sec:intro]introduction
[sec:system]system considerations
[sec:labint]general-purpose laboratory interface
[sec:specialpurpose]special-purpose instrumentation
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: several high - performance lab instruments suitable for manual assembly have been developed using low - pin - count 32-bit microcontrollers that communicate with an android tablet via a usb interface .
a single android tablet app accommo... | in 2011 , i described a timing sequencer and related laser lab instrumentation based on 16-bit microcontrollers and a homemade custom keypad / display unit.@xcite since then , two new developments have enabled a far more powerful approach : the availability of high - performance 32-bit microcontrollers in low - pin - c... |
entanglement in quantum multipartite systems is a unique property in quantum world .
it plays an important role in quantum information processing @xcite .
therefore , the study of its essential features and dynamical behavior under the ubiquitous decoherence of relevant quantum system has attracted much attention in re... | we study the entanglement dynamics of two qubits , each of which is embedded into its local amplitude - damping reservoir , and the entanglement distribution among all the bipartite subsystems including qubit - qubit , qubit - reservoir , and reservoir - reservoir .
it is found that the entanglement can be stably di... | introduction
the model and the dynamical entanglement invariance
entanglement distribution in pbg reservoirs
discussion and summary
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study the entanglement dynamics of two qubits , each of which is embedded into its local amplitude - damping reservoir , and the entanglement distribution among all the bipartite subsystems including qubit - qubit , qubit - reservoir , ... | entanglement in quantum multipartite systems is a unique property in quantum world .
it plays an important role in quantum information processing @xcite .
therefore , the study of its essential features and dynamical behavior under the ubiquitous decoherence of relevant quantum system has attracted much attention in re... |
herbig - haro ( hh ) objects immersed in an ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation field can be photoionized externally @xcite
. the photoionized jets / outflows of hh objects become optically visible , and thus their detailed physical properties can be studied .
such photoionized hh jet systems have been identified in the orion... | the rosette hh1 jet is a collimated flow immersed in the strong uv radiation field of the rosette nebula .
we investigate the physical properties of the rosette hh1 jet using high - quality narrow - band images and high - dispersion spectroscopy .
the new images show that the axis of the jet is not precisely align... | introduction
observations and data reduction
morphology and kinematics of the jet
stellar h@xmath5 profile
photoionization and physical parameters of the jet
variability of the jet-driving source
evidence for fast disk dissipation and a young stellar age?
large-scale high-excitation structures in the rosette nebula
sum... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the rosette hh1 jet is a collimated flow immersed in the strong uv radiation field of the rosette nebula .
we investigate the physical properties of the rosette hh1 jet using high - quality narrow - band images and high - dispersion spec... | herbig - haro ( hh ) objects immersed in an ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation field can be photoionized externally @xcite
. the photoionized jets / outflows of hh objects become optically visible , and thus their detailed physical properties can be studied .
such photoionized hh jet systems have been identified in the orion... |
molecules such as co or hcn have been commonly used as tracers of molecular gas in high - redshift galaxies .
however , recent observations with the _ herschel space observatory _ @xcite have shown strong spectroscopic signatures from other light hydrides , such as water , h@xmath3o@xmath4 , or hf , in nearby active ga... | we report a detection of the excited @xmath0 rotational transition of para- in apm 08279 + 5255 using the iram plateau de bure interferometer . at @xmath1 ,
this is the highest - redshift detection of interstellar water to date . from lvg modeling , we conclude that this transition is predominantly radiatively pum... | introduction
observations
results
water excitation
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report a detection of the excited @xmath0 rotational transition of para- in apm 08279 + 5255 using the iram plateau de bure interferometer . at @xmath1 ,
this is the highest - redshift detection of interstellar water to date . from ... | molecules such as co or hcn have been commonly used as tracers of molecular gas in high - redshift galaxies .
however , recent observations with the _ herschel space observatory _ @xcite have shown strong spectroscopic signatures from other light hydrides , such as water , h@xmath3o@xmath4 , or hf , in nearby active ga... |
where river water meets the sea , an enormous amount of energy is dissipated as a result of the irreversible mixing of fresh and salt water .
the dissipated energy is about 2 kj per liter of river water , _
i.e. _ equivalent to a waterfall of 200 m @xcite .
it is estimated that the combined power from all large estuar... | a huge amount of entropy is produced at places where fresh water and seawater mix , for example at river mouths .
this mixing process is a potentially enormous source of sustainable energy , provided it is harnessed properly , for instance by a cyclic charging and discharging process of porous electrodes immersed in... | introduction
system and thermodynamics
microscopic model and density functional theory
numerical results
limited fresh water supply
summary, conclusion and discussion
acknowledgement | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a huge amount of entropy is produced at places where fresh water and seawater mix , for example at river mouths .
this mixing process is a potentially enormous source of sustainable energy , provided it is harnessed properly , for instan... | where river water meets the sea , an enormous amount of energy is dissipated as a result of the irreversible mixing of fresh and salt water .
the dissipated energy is about 2 kj per liter of river water , _
i.e. _ equivalent to a waterfall of 200 m @xcite .
it is estimated that the combined power from all large estuar... |
the problem of boundary lubrication is very interesting from the physical point of view and important for practical applications , but it is not fully understood yet @xcite .
conventional lubricants belong to the type of liquid ( `` soft '' ) lubricants , where the amplitude of molecular interactions within the lubrica... | using molecular dynamics based on langevin equations with a coordinate- and velocity - dependent damping coefficient , we study the frictional properties of a thin layer of `` soft '' lubricant ( where the interaction within the lubricant is weaker than the lubricant - substrate interaction ) confined between two soli... | introduction
the model
simulation results
discussion and conclusions
the construction of the rotated substrate | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: using molecular dynamics based on langevin equations with a coordinate- and velocity - dependent damping coefficient , we study the frictional properties of a thin layer of `` soft '' lubricant ( where the interaction within the lubricant ... | the problem of boundary lubrication is very interesting from the physical point of view and important for practical applications , but it is not fully understood yet @xcite .
conventional lubricants belong to the type of liquid ( `` soft '' ) lubricants , where the amplitude of molecular interactions within the lubrica... |
we consider the one dimensional semilinear wave equation : @xmath2 where @xmath3 and @xmath4 .
we may also add more restriction on initial data by assuming that @xmath5 the cauchy problem for equation ( [ waveq ] ) in the space @xmath6 follows from fixed point techniques ( see section [ cauchy - problem ] below ) .
+ i... | we consider in this paper blow - up solutions of the semilinear wave equation in one space dimension , with an exponential source term . assuming that initial data are in @xmath0 or some times in @xmath1
, we derive the blow - up rate near a non - characteristic point in the smaller space , and give some bounds near... | introduction
the local cauchy problem
energy estimates
ode type estimates
blow-up estimates for equation ([waveq]) | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we consider in this paper blow - up solutions of the semilinear wave equation in one space dimension , with an exponential source term . assuming that initial data are in @xmath0 or some times in @xmath1
, we derive the blow - up rate ne... | we consider the one dimensional semilinear wave equation : @xmath2 where @xmath3 and @xmath4 .
we may also add more restriction on initial data by assuming that @xmath5 the cauchy problem for equation ( [ waveq ] ) in the space @xmath6 follows from fixed point techniques ( see section [ cauchy - problem ] below ) .
+ i... |
let @xmath0 denote a solution of the second painlev equation @xmath1 it is known that for special values of the parameter @xmath2 the equation admits rational solutions . in fact vorobev and yablonski @xcite showed that for @xmath3 , the equation has a unique rational solution of the form @xmath4 which is constructed i... | generalized vorobev - yablonski polynomials have been introduced by clarkson and mansfield in their study of rational solutions of the second painlev hierarchy .
we present new hankel determinant identities for the squares of these special polynomials in terms of schur polynomials . as an application of the identiti... | introduction and statement of results
short reminder about the (m)kdv and painlevii hierarchies
proof of theorem
characterization of the set @xmath73}$]
proof of the miura relation
the outer corners of the regions @xmath70 for @xmath34 | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: generalized vorobev - yablonski polynomials have been introduced by clarkson and mansfield in their study of rational solutions of the second painlev hierarchy .
we present new hankel determinant identities for the squares of these speci... | let @xmath0 denote a solution of the second painlev equation @xmath1 it is known that for special values of the parameter @xmath2 the equation admits rational solutions . in fact vorobev and yablonski @xcite showed that for @xmath3 , the equation has a unique rational solution of the form @xmath4 which is constructed i... |
we consider the following sequence space model @xmath4 where @xmath5 are the coefficients of a signal and the noise @xmath6 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath7 .
this heterogeneous model may appear in several frameworks where the variance is fluctuating , for example in heterogeneous regression , coloured noise , ... | we consider a gaussian sequence space model @xmath0 where @xmath1 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath2 .
we consider the situation where the parameter vector @xmath3 is sparse .
our goal is to estimate the unknown parameter by a model selection approach .
the heterogenous case is much more involved than the ... | introduction
data-driven-subset selection
sparse representations
minimax lower bound
minimax upper bound
a numerical example | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we consider a gaussian sequence space model @xmath0 where @xmath1 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath2 .
we consider the situation where the parameter vector @xmath3 is sparse .
our goal is to estimate the unknown parameter by a mo... | we consider the following sequence space model @xmath4 where @xmath5 are the coefficients of a signal and the noise @xmath6 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath7 .
this heterogeneous model may appear in several frameworks where the variance is fluctuating , for example in heterogeneous regression , coloured noise , ... |
one of the most important astrophysical phenomena still lacking an explanation is the origin of the celestial gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) .
these are powerful flashes of gamma - rays lasting from less than one second to tens of seconds , with isotropic distribution in the sky .
they are observed above the terrestrial at... | data obtained during five months of 2001 with the gravitational wave ( gw ) detectors explorer and nautilus were studied in correlation with the gamma ray burst data ( grb ) obtained with the bepposax satellite . during
this period bepposax was the only grb satellite in operation , while explorer and nautilus were t... | introduction
experimental data
inference of the gw burst amplitude
conclusion
acknowledgments
appendix a | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: data obtained during five months of 2001 with the gravitational wave ( gw ) detectors explorer and nautilus were studied in correlation with the gamma ray burst data ( grb ) obtained with the bepposax satellite . during
this period beppo... | one of the most important astrophysical phenomena still lacking an explanation is the origin of the celestial gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) .
these are powerful flashes of gamma - rays lasting from less than one second to tens of seconds , with isotropic distribution in the sky .
they are observed above the terrestrial at... |
in order to formally handle ( specify and prove ) some properties of prolog execution , we needed above all a definition of a port .
a port is perhaps the single most popular notion in prolog debugging , but theoretically it appears still rather elusive .
the notion stems from the seminal article of l.byrd @xcite which... | a simple mathematical definition of the 4-port model for pure prolog is given .
the model combines the intuition of ports with a compact representation of execution state . forward and
backward derivation steps are possible .
the model satisfies a modularity claim , making it suitable for formal reasoning . | introduction
preliminaries and the main idea
modelling prolog execution
applications
conclusions and outlook
related work
acknowledgments
leaving events
an example with variables | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a simple mathematical definition of the 4-port model for pure prolog is given .
the model combines the intuition of ports with a compact representation of execution state . forward and
backward derivation steps are possible .
the mod... | in order to formally handle ( specify and prove ) some properties of prolog execution , we needed above all a definition of a port .
a port is perhaps the single most popular notion in prolog debugging , but theoretically it appears still rather elusive .
the notion stems from the seminal article of l.byrd @xcite which... |
dissipationless n - body simulations of stellar systems indicate that scaling relations such as the so - called ` fundamental plane ' ( hereon , fp ) , that is , the systematic deviation from the expectations of the virial theorem applied to these systems , could be reproduced from the final products of hierarchical me... | we present an analysis of the behaviour of the ` coarse - grained ' ( ` mesoscopic ' ) rank partitioning of the mean energy of collections of particles composing virialized dark matter halos in a @xmath0-cdm cosmological simulation .
we find evidence that rank preservation depends on halo mass , in the sense that mo... | introduction
rank ordering preservation of energy cells in dark matter halos
characteristic frequencies of collections of particles in dark matter halos
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present an analysis of the behaviour of the ` coarse - grained ' ( ` mesoscopic ' ) rank partitioning of the mean energy of collections of particles composing virialized dark matter halos in a @xmath0-cdm cosmological simulation .
we ... | dissipationless n - body simulations of stellar systems indicate that scaling relations such as the so - called ` fundamental plane ' ( hereon , fp ) , that is , the systematic deviation from the expectations of the virial theorem applied to these systems , could be reproduced from the final products of hierarchical me... |
explosive nuclear burning in astrophysical environments produces unstable nuclei , which again can be targets for subsequent reactions . in addition , it involves a very large number of stable nuclei , which are not fully explored by experiments .
thus , it is necessary to be able to predict reaction cross sections and... | the prediction of cross sections for nuclei far off stability is crucial in the field of nuclear astrophysics . in recent calculations
the nuclear level density as an important ingredient to the statistical model ( hauser - feshbach ) has shown the highest uncertainties .
we present a global parametrization of n... | introduction
thermonuclear rates from statistical model calculations
level densities
applicability of the statistical model
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the prediction of cross sections for nuclei far off stability is crucial in the field of nuclear astrophysics . in recent calculations
the nuclear level density as an important ingredient to the statistical model ( hauser - feshbach ) ... | explosive nuclear burning in astrophysical environments produces unstable nuclei , which again can be targets for subsequent reactions . in addition , it involves a very large number of stable nuclei , which are not fully explored by experiments .
thus , it is necessary to be able to predict reaction cross sections and... |
today , with a vast amount of publications being produced in every discipline of scientific research , it can be rather overwhelming to select a good quality work ; that is enriched with original ideas and relevant to scientific community .
more often this type of publications are discovered through the citation mechan... | we introduce and solve a model which considers two coupled networks growing simultaneously .
the dynamics of the networks is governed by the new arrival of network elements ( nodes ) making preferential attachments to pre - existing nodes in both networks .
the model segregates the links in the networks as intra -... | introduction
the model
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we introduce and solve a model which considers two coupled networks growing simultaneously .
the dynamics of the networks is governed by the new arrival of network elements ( nodes ) making preferential attachments to pre - existing node... | today , with a vast amount of publications being produced in every discipline of scientific research , it can be rather overwhelming to select a good quality work ; that is enriched with original ideas and relevant to scientific community .
more often this type of publications are discovered through the citation mechan... |
agn have first been discovered in the radio and soon after searched in the optical band .
consequently , they have been classified using their optical characteristics and mainly divided into two categories : type 1 ( agn1 ) and 2 ( agn2 ) according to the presence or not of broad emission lines in their optical spectra... | we present optical spectroscopic identifications of hard x - ray ( 5 - 10 kev ) selected sources belonging to the hellas sample obtained with _ bepposax _ down to a 5 - 10 kev flux limit of @xmath0@xmath1@xmath2 erg @xmath3 s@xmath4 .
the sample consists of 118 sources .
25 sources have been identified trough corr... | introduction
the spectroscopic identifications
analysis on the evolution of agn1
discussion and conclusions
the biases introduced by the cross correlations with catalogues | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present optical spectroscopic identifications of hard x - ray ( 5 - 10 kev ) selected sources belonging to the hellas sample obtained with _ bepposax _ down to a 5 - 10 kev flux limit of @xmath0@xmath1@xmath2 erg @xmath3 s@xmath4 .
th... | agn have first been discovered in the radio and soon after searched in the optical band .
consequently , they have been classified using their optical characteristics and mainly divided into two categories : type 1 ( agn1 ) and 2 ( agn2 ) according to the presence or not of broad emission lines in their optical spectra... |
the theoretical description of hadron production at large transverse momentum ( @xmath2 ) in either hadronic or nuclear collisions at high energies is traditionally framed in a two - step process that involves first a hard scattering of partons , followed by the fragmentation of the scattered parton to the detected had... | we develop the notion of shower partons and determine their distributions in jets in the framework of the recombination model .
the shower parton distributions obtained render a good fit of the fragmentation functions .
we then illustrate the usefulness of the distributions in a problem where a jet is produced in ... | introduction
recombination model for fragmentation
shower parton distributions
results
applications
conclusion
acknowledgment | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we develop the notion of shower partons and determine their distributions in jets in the framework of the recombination model .
the shower parton distributions obtained render a good fit of the fragmentation functions .
we then illustr... | the theoretical description of hadron production at large transverse momentum ( @xmath2 ) in either hadronic or nuclear collisions at high energies is traditionally framed in a two - step process that involves first a hard scattering of partons , followed by the fragmentation of the scattered parton to the detected had... |
a qn is the explosive transition of a massive neutron star ( ns ) to a quark star ( qs ; the compact remnant ) .
it ejects the outermost layers of the ns as the relativistic qn ejecta with kinetic energy exceeding excess @xmath2 erg .
the interaction of this ejecta with its surroundings leads to unique phenomena and ha... | the explosive transition of a massive neutron star to a quark star ( the quark - nova ; qn ) releases in excess of @xmath0 erg in kinetic energy which can drastically impact the surrounding environment of the qn .
a qn is triggered when a neutron star gains enough mass to reach the critical value for quark deconfine... | introduction
quark nova : overview, energetics and dynamics
quark nova ia : a qn in a low-mass x-ray binary
quark novae in massive binaries : a model for slsne ia
summary
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the explosive transition of a massive neutron star to a quark star ( the quark - nova ; qn ) releases in excess of @xmath0 erg in kinetic energy which can drastically impact the surrounding environment of the qn .
a qn is triggered when ... | a qn is the explosive transition of a massive neutron star ( ns ) to a quark star ( qs ; the compact remnant ) .
it ejects the outermost layers of the ns as the relativistic qn ejecta with kinetic energy exceeding excess @xmath2 erg .
the interaction of this ejecta with its surroundings leads to unique phenomena and ha... |
most fundamental physical stellar parameters of field white dwarfs , such as effective temperature , surface gravity , and magnetic field strength can directly be measured with high precision from spectroscopic observations .
assuming a mass - radius relation , both mass and radius may be inferred independently of the ... | we present low - state iue spectroscopy of the rosat - discovered polar rxj1313.2@xmath03259 .
the swp spectrum displays a broad absorption profile , which can be fitted with a two - temperature model of a white dwarf of @xmath1k with a hot spot of @xmath2k which covers @xmath3 of the white dwarf surface .
the wh... | introduction
observations
analysis and results
a note on the use of non-magnetic model spectra
discussion
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present low - state iue spectroscopy of the rosat - discovered polar rxj1313.2@xmath03259 .
the swp spectrum displays a broad absorption profile , which can be fitted with a two - temperature model of a white dwarf of @xmath1k with a... | most fundamental physical stellar parameters of field white dwarfs , such as effective temperature , surface gravity , and magnetic field strength can directly be measured with high precision from spectroscopic observations .
assuming a mass - radius relation , both mass and radius may be inferred independently of the ... |
the recent discovery of huge quantities of dust ( @xmath5 ) in very high redshifted galaxies and quasars ( isaak et al . 2002 ; bertoldi et al .
2003 ) suggests that dust was produced efficiently in the first generation of supernovae ( sne ) . theoretical studies ( kozasa et al .
1991 ; todini & ferrara 2001 , hereaft... | we performed _ spitzer _
infrared spectrograph mapping observations covering nearly the entire extent of the cassiopeia a supernova remnant ( snr ) , producing mid - infrared ( 5.5 - 35 @xmath0 m ) spectra every 5@xmath1 - 10@xmath1 .
gas lines of ar , ne , o , si , s and fe , and dust continua were strong for mos... | introduction
the irs spectra and dust maps
spectral fitting and dust composition
dust mass
discussion
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we performed _ spitzer _
infrared spectrograph mapping observations covering nearly the entire extent of the cassiopeia a supernova remnant ( snr ) , producing mid - infrared ( 5.5 - 35 @xmath0 m ) spectra every 5@xmath1 - 10@xmath1 .
... | the recent discovery of huge quantities of dust ( @xmath5 ) in very high redshifted galaxies and quasars ( isaak et al . 2002 ; bertoldi et al .
2003 ) suggests that dust was produced efficiently in the first generation of supernovae ( sne ) . theoretical studies ( kozasa et al .
1991 ; todini & ferrara 2001 , hereaft... |
the impossibility of superluminal communication through the use of quantum entanglement has already been vividly discussed in the past , see for example @xcite .
recently this topic has re - entered the stage of present research in the context of quantum cloning : the no - signalling constraint has been used to derive ... | we show that non - locality of quantum mechanics can not lead to superluminal transmission of information , even if most general local operations are allowed , as long as they are linear and trace preserving .
in particular , any quantum mechanical approximate cloning transformation does not allow signalling .
on ... | introduction
impossibility of superluminal communication
examples
conclusions
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we show that non - locality of quantum mechanics can not lead to superluminal transmission of information , even if most general local operations are allowed , as long as they are linear and trace preserving .
in particular , any quantum... | the impossibility of superluminal communication through the use of quantum entanglement has already been vividly discussed in the past , see for example @xcite .
recently this topic has re - entered the stage of present research in the context of quantum cloning : the no - signalling constraint has been used to derive ... |
one of the most important motivations of these series of conferences is to promote vigorous interaction between statisticians and astronomers .
the organizers merit our admiration for bringing together such a stellar cast of colleagues from both fields . in this third edition ,
one of the central subjects is cosmology ... | in this introductory talk we will establish connections between the statistical analysis of galaxy clustering in cosmology and recent work in mainstream spatial statistics .
the lecture will review the methods of spatial statistics used by both sets of scholars , having in mind the cross - fertilizing purpose of the... | statistics of galaxy clustering | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this introductory talk we will establish connections between the statistical analysis of galaxy clustering in cosmology and recent work in mainstream spatial statistics .
the lecture will review the methods of spatial statistics used ... | one of the most important motivations of these series of conferences is to promote vigorous interaction between statisticians and astronomers .
the organizers merit our admiration for bringing together such a stellar cast of colleagues from both fields . in this third edition ,
one of the central subjects is cosmology ... |
the identification of the higgs boson(s ) is one of the main goals of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) being built at cern .
there are expectations that there exists a ` light ' higgs boson with mass @xmath3 gev . in this mass range
, its detection at the lhc will be challenging .
there is no obvious perfect detectio... | we show that exclusive double - diffractive higgs production , @xmath0 , followed by the @xmath1 decay , could play an important role in identifying a ` light ' higgs boson at the lhc , provided that the forward outgoing protons are tagged .
we predict the cross sections for the signal and for all possible @xmath2 b... | introduction
background to the exclusive higgs signal
discussion
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we show that exclusive double - diffractive higgs production , @xmath0 , followed by the @xmath1 decay , could play an important role in identifying a ` light ' higgs boson at the lhc , provided that the forward outgoing protons are tagged... | the identification of the higgs boson(s ) is one of the main goals of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) being built at cern .
there are expectations that there exists a ` light ' higgs boson with mass @xmath3 gev . in this mass range
, its detection at the lhc will be challenging .
there is no obvious perfect detectio... |
we are interested in the following nonconvex semidefinite programming problem : @xmath1 where @xmath2 is convex , @xmath3 is a nonempty , closed convex set in @xmath4 and @xmath5 ( @xmath6 ) are nonconvex matrix - valued mappings and smooth .
the notation @xmath7 means that @xmath8 is a symmetric negative semidefinite ... | in this work , we propose a new local optimization method to solve a class of nonconvex semidefinite programming ( sdp ) problems . the basic idea is to approximate the feasible set of the nonconvex sdp problem by inner positive semidefinite convex approximations via a parameterization technique .
this leads to an i... | introduction
inner convex approximations
the algorithm and its convergence
applications to robust controller design
concluding remarks | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this work , we propose a new local optimization method to solve a class of nonconvex semidefinite programming ( sdp ) problems . the basic idea is to approximate the feasible set of the nonconvex sdp problem by inner positive semidefini... | we are interested in the following nonconvex semidefinite programming problem : @xmath1 where @xmath2 is convex , @xmath3 is a nonempty , closed convex set in @xmath4 and @xmath5 ( @xmath6 ) are nonconvex matrix - valued mappings and smooth .
the notation @xmath7 means that @xmath8 is a symmetric negative semidefinite ... |
the dynamics of fluids can exhibit hysteresis .
for example , a flag - like object shows bistability between flapping and nonflapping states @xcite .
hysteresis also exists in vortex shedding dynamics behind rigid objects , such as a vibrating cylinder @xcite , a multiple cylinder arrangement @xcite , a long cylinde... | it is shown using numerical simulations that flow patterns around an obstacle potential moving in a superfluid exhibit hysteresis . in a certain velocity region , there is a bistability between stationary laminar flow and periodic vortex shedding .
the bistability exists in two and three dimensional systems . | introduction
formulation of the problem
numerical results
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: it is shown using numerical simulations that flow patterns around an obstacle potential moving in a superfluid exhibit hysteresis . in a certain velocity region , there is a bistability between stationary laminar flow and periodic vortex s... | the dynamics of fluids can exhibit hysteresis .
for example , a flag - like object shows bistability between flapping and nonflapping states @xcite .
hysteresis also exists in vortex shedding dynamics behind rigid objects , such as a vibrating cylinder @xcite , a multiple cylinder arrangement @xcite , a long cylinde... |
a proper choice of order parameters is the most important perspective for building a sound model for liquid crystals .
the order parameters should be simple and explanatory in terms of mathematics and physics , while efficient in computations . from the viewpoint of theoretical analysis
, it is desirable to adopt order... | in this article , we study the new q - tensor model previously derived from onsager s molecular theory by han _
et al . _
[ _ arch .
rational mech .
anal .
_ , 215.3 ( 2014 ) , pp .
741 - 809 ] for static liquid crystal modeling .
taking density and q - tensor as order parameters , the new q - tensor mod... | introduction
model
results and discussions
comparison with classical models
summary
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this article , we study the new q - tensor model previously derived from onsager s molecular theory by han _
et al . _
[ _ arch .
rational mech .
anal .
_ , 215.3 ( 2014 ) , pp .
741 - 809 ] for static liquid crystal modelin... | a proper choice of order parameters is the most important perspective for building a sound model for liquid crystals .
the order parameters should be simple and explanatory in terms of mathematics and physics , while efficient in computations . from the viewpoint of theoretical analysis
, it is desirable to adopt order... |
radio galaxies ( rgs ) represent the largest single objects in the universe .
powered by an active galactic nucleus ( agn ) jets emerge from the central engine , which very likely is a super - massive black hole accreting matter surrounding it .
there is a huge range of linear extent of the rgs : from less than @xmath0... | an extensive search for distant giant radio galaxies on the southern hemisphere is justified .
we emphasize the crucial role of optical spectroscopy in determination of their basic physical parameters , i.e. the distance , projected linear size , volume of their lobes or cocoon , luminosity , etc . , and argue that ... | introduction
search for new giants
why southern hemisphere | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: an extensive search for distant giant radio galaxies on the southern hemisphere is justified .
we emphasize the crucial role of optical spectroscopy in determination of their basic physical parameters , i.e. the distance , projected line... | radio galaxies ( rgs ) represent the largest single objects in the universe .
powered by an active galactic nucleus ( agn ) jets emerge from the central engine , which very likely is a super - massive black hole accreting matter surrounding it .
there is a huge range of linear extent of the rgs : from less than @xmath0... |
the unexpected behavior of some fusion - evaporation cross sections at energies far below the coulomb barrier , has challenged the theoretical models to explain the , so called , fusion hinderance phenomena in true coupled - channels calculations ( ccc ) for reactions such as @xmath4ni+@xmath4ni , @xmath1ni+@xmath1ni ,... | we obtain the nuclear proximity potential by using semiclassical extended thomas fermi ( etf ) approach in skyrme energy density formalism ( sedf ) , and use it in the extended @xmath0-summed wong formula under frozen density approximation .
this method has the advantage of allowing the use of different skyrme force... | introduction
[sec:level2]the semiclassical extended thomas fermi (etf) model
[sec:level3]extended @xmath0-summed wong formula
calculations
summary and discussion
acknowledgments
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we obtain the nuclear proximity potential by using semiclassical extended thomas fermi ( etf ) approach in skyrme energy density formalism ( sedf ) , and use it in the extended @xmath0-summed wong formula under frozen density approximation... | the unexpected behavior of some fusion - evaporation cross sections at energies far below the coulomb barrier , has challenged the theoretical models to explain the , so called , fusion hinderance phenomena in true coupled - channels calculations ( ccc ) for reactions such as @xmath4ni+@xmath4ni , @xmath1ni+@xmath1ni ,... |
in 1983 thouless @xcite proposed a simple pumping mechanism to produce , even in the absence of an external bias , a quantized electron current through a quantum conductor by an appropriate time - dependent variation of the system parameters .
experimental realizations of quantum pumps using quantum dots ( qds ) were a... | we study non - adiabatic charge pumping through single - level quantum dots taking into account coulomb interactions .
we show how a truncated set of equations of motion can be propagated in time by means of an auxiliary - mode expansion .
this formalism is capable of treating the time - dependent electronic trans... | introduction
time-dependent interacting resonant-level model
auxiliary mode propagation scheme
non-adiabatic pumping
conclusions
auxiliary-mode expansion
stationary occupations | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study non - adiabatic charge pumping through single - level quantum dots taking into account coulomb interactions .
we show how a truncated set of equations of motion can be propagated in time by means of an auxiliary - mode expansion... | in 1983 thouless @xcite proposed a simple pumping mechanism to produce , even in the absence of an external bias , a quantized electron current through a quantum conductor by an appropriate time - dependent variation of the system parameters .
experimental realizations of quantum pumps using quantum dots ( qds ) were a... |
the collective dynamics of complex distributed systems often can be usefully described in terms of a superposition of rate processes or frequencies which determine the changes in macroscopically measurable variables as energy flows through the system ; that is , a dynamical model expressed as a system of coupled ordina... | a case study in bifurcation and stability analysis is presented , in which reduced dynamical system modelling yields substantial new global and predictive information about the behaviour of a complex system . the first smooth pathway , free of pathological and persistent degenerate singularities , is surveyed through ... | introduction
[two] the basic model comprises three energy subsystems
[three] symmetry-breaking has local and global consequences
shear flows also generate turbulence
thermal dissipation affects the bifurcation structure[five]
a unified model includes a nonlinear shear flow drive
summary and conclusions
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a case study in bifurcation and stability analysis is presented , in which reduced dynamical system modelling yields substantial new global and predictive information about the behaviour of a complex system . the first smooth pathway , fre... | the collective dynamics of complex distributed systems often can be usefully described in terms of a superposition of rate processes or frequencies which determine the changes in macroscopically measurable variables as energy flows through the system ; that is , a dynamical model expressed as a system of coupled ordina... |
the long - time dynamics of biological evolution have recently attracted considerable interest among statistical physicists @xcite , who find in this field new and challenging interacting nonequilibrium systems .
an example is the bak - sneppen model @xcite , in which interacting species are the basic units , and less ... | we present long monte carlo simulations of a simple model of biological macroevolution in which births , deaths , and mutational changes in the genome take place at the level of individual organisms .
the model displays punctuated equilibria and flicker noise with a @xmath0-like power spectrum , consistent with some... | introduction
model and numerical results
relevance to evolutionary biology
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present long monte carlo simulations of a simple model of biological macroevolution in which births , deaths , and mutational changes in the genome take place at the level of individual organisms .
the model displays punctuated equili... | the long - time dynamics of biological evolution have recently attracted considerable interest among statistical physicists @xcite , who find in this field new and challenging interacting nonequilibrium systems .
an example is the bak - sneppen model @xcite , in which interacting species are the basic units , and less ... |
the top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle , with a mass very close to the electroweak symmetry - breaking scale . as such
, the top could be sensitive to physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) @xcite .
new particles decaying to @xmath1 pairs can be scalar or vector , color - singlet or color - octet ; a... | we present the result of a search for a massive color - octet vector particle , ( e.g. a massive gluon ) decaying to a pair of top quarks in proton - antiproton collisions with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev .
this search is based on 1.9 fb@xmath0 of data collected using the cdf detector during run ii of ... | introduction
selection of candidate events
background
acknowledgements
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present the result of a search for a massive color - octet vector particle , ( e.g. a massive gluon ) decaying to a pair of top quarks in proton - antiproton collisions with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev .
this search is ba... | the top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle , with a mass very close to the electroweak symmetry - breaking scale . as such
, the top could be sensitive to physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) @xcite .
new particles decaying to @xmath1 pairs can be scalar or vector , color - singlet or color - octet ; a... |
the evidence for the existence of dark matter in various astrophysical systems has been gathering over the past three decades .
it is now well - recognized that the presence of dark matter is required in order to explain the observations of galaxies and other astrophysical systems on larger scales .
the clearest suppor... | it is well known that the dark matter dominates the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies .
its constituents remain a mystery despite an assiduous search for them over the past three decades .
recent results from the satellite - based pamela experiment detect an excess in the positron fraction at energies ... | introduction
dark matter experiments
the data
the interpretations
outlook and remarks | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: it is well known that the dark matter dominates the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies .
its constituents remain a mystery despite an assiduous search for them over the past three decades .
recent results from the satellite ... | the evidence for the existence of dark matter in various astrophysical systems has been gathering over the past three decades .
it is now well - recognized that the presence of dark matter is required in order to explain the observations of galaxies and other astrophysical systems on larger scales .
the clearest suppor... |
differential geometry has proven to be highly valuable in extracting the geometric meaning of continuum vector theories .
of particular interest has been the dirac - khler formulation of fermionic field theory @xcite , which uses the antisymmetry inherent in the product between differential forms to describe the cliffo... | it is shown that an exact chiral symmetry can be described for dirac - khler fermions using the two complexes of the geometric discretization .
this principle is extended to describe exact flavour projection and it is shown that this necessitates the introduction of a new operator and two new structures of complex .... | introduction
background: the geometric discretization
background: the dirac-khler basis
chiral symmetry
flavour symmetry
[sim]simultaneous chiral and flavour projection
path integral formulation
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: it is shown that an exact chiral symmetry can be described for dirac - khler fermions using the two complexes of the geometric discretization .
this principle is extended to describe exact flavour projection and it is shown that this nec... | differential geometry has proven to be highly valuable in extracting the geometric meaning of continuum vector theories .
of particular interest has been the dirac - khler formulation of fermionic field theory @xcite , which uses the antisymmetry inherent in the product between differential forms to describe the cliffo... |
in the last few years a new phenomenon has attracted attention of the community of soft condensed matter physicists appearance of attraction between like charged macromolecules in solutions containing multivalent ions .
the problem is particularly fascinating because it contradicts our well established intuition that ... | a simple model is presented for the appearance of attraction between two like charged polyions inside a polyelectrolyte solution .
the polyions are modeled as rigid cylinders in a continuum dielectric solvent .
the strong electrostatic interaction between the polyions and the counterions results in counterion cond... | introduction
model and method
results and discussion
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a simple model is presented for the appearance of attraction between two like charged polyions inside a polyelectrolyte solution .
the polyions are modeled as rigid cylinders in a continuum dielectric solvent .
the strong electrostatic... | in the last few years a new phenomenon has attracted attention of the community of soft condensed matter physicists appearance of attraction between like charged macromolecules in solutions containing multivalent ions .
the problem is particularly fascinating because it contradicts our well established intuition that ... |
pulsars lose their spin energy via relativistic pulsar winds ( pws ) of charged particles .
the pw shocks in the ambient medium and forms a pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) whose synchrotron radiation can be observed in a very broad energy range , from the radio to tev @xmath8-rays ( see kaspi et al .
2006 , gaensler & slane... | previous observations of the middle - aged pulsar geminga with _ xmm - newton _ and _ chandra _ have shown an unusual pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) , with a @xmath0 long central ( axial ) tail directed opposite to the pulsar s proper motion and two @xmath1 long , bent lateral ( outer ) tails . here
we report on a deepe... | introduction
data analysis and results
discussion
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: previous observations of the middle - aged pulsar geminga with _ xmm - newton _ and _ chandra _ have shown an unusual pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) , with a @xmath0 long central ( axial ) tail directed opposite to the pulsar s proper motion a... | pulsars lose their spin energy via relativistic pulsar winds ( pws ) of charged particles .
the pw shocks in the ambient medium and forms a pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) whose synchrotron radiation can be observed in a very broad energy range , from the radio to tev @xmath8-rays ( see kaspi et al .
2006 , gaensler & slane... |
the need for the efficient use of the scarce spectrum in wireless applications has led to significant interest in the analysis of cognitive radio systems .
one possible scheme for the operation of the cognitive radio network is to allow the secondary users to transmit concurrently on the same frequency band with the pr... | in this paper , a cognitive relay channel is considered , and amplify - and - forward ( af ) relay beamforming designs in the presence of an eavesdropper and a primary user are studied .
our objective is to optimize the performance of the cognitive relay beamforming system while limiting the interference in the dire... | introduction
channel model
sub-optimal null space beamforming
multiple primary users and eavesdroppers
numerical results and discussion
conclusion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this paper , a cognitive relay channel is considered , and amplify - and - forward ( af ) relay beamforming designs in the presence of an eavesdropper and a primary user are studied .
our objective is to optimize the performance of th... | the need for the efficient use of the scarce spectrum in wireless applications has led to significant interest in the analysis of cognitive radio systems .
one possible scheme for the operation of the cognitive radio network is to allow the secondary users to transmit concurrently on the same frequency band with the pr... |
sigmoidal input - output response modules are very well - conserved in cell signaling networks that might be used to implement binary responses , a key element in cellular decision processes .
additionally , sigmoidal modules might be part of more complex structures , where they can provide the nonlinearities which are... | ultrasensitive response motifs , which are capable of converting graded stimulus in binary responses , are very well - conserved in signal transduction networks . although it has been shown that a cascade arrangement of multiple ultrasensitive modules can produce an enhancement of the system s ultrasensitivity , how t... | introduction
results
discussion
conclusion
references
the effect of the hills input working range in multi-tiered systems.
dose-responses analysis in oshaughnessy _et al._ dual-step cascade
goldbeter-koshland function | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: ultrasensitive response motifs , which are capable of converting graded stimulus in binary responses , are very well - conserved in signal transduction networks . although it has been shown that a cascade arrangement of multiple ultrasensi... | sigmoidal input - output response modules are very well - conserved in cell signaling networks that might be used to implement binary responses , a key element in cellular decision processes .
additionally , sigmoidal modules might be part of more complex structures , where they can provide the nonlinearities which are... |
after carrying out a fourier transform and a multipole decomposition , the radial and time parts of the retarded green function for linear fields on a schwarzschild black hole can be written as @xmath15 where @xmath16 , @xmath17 is the multipole number , @xmath18 , @xmath19 and @xmath20 is the wronskian of the two func... | linear field perturbations of a black hole are described by the green function of the wave equation that they obey .
after fourier decomposing the green function , its two natural contributions are given by poles ( quasinormal modes ) and a largely unexplored branch cut in the complex - frequency plane .
we presen... | the green function & branch cut
spin-1 quasinormal modes | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: linear field perturbations of a black hole are described by the green function of the wave equation that they obey .
after fourier decomposing the green function , its two natural contributions are given by poles ( quasinormal modes ) an... | after carrying out a fourier transform and a multipole decomposition , the radial and time parts of the retarded green function for linear fields on a schwarzschild black hole can be written as @xmath15 where @xmath16 , @xmath17 is the multipole number , @xmath18 , @xmath19 and @xmath20 is the wronskian of the two func... |
observational manifestations of magnetic fields in intermediate- and high - mass stars with radiative envelopes differ considerably from the magnetism of solar - type and low - mass stars .
as directly observed for the sun and inferred for many late - type stars , vigorous envelope convection and differential rotation ... | stars with radiative envelopes , specifically the upper main sequence chemically peculiar ( ap ) stars , were among the first objects outside our solar system for which surface magnetic fields have been detected
. currently magnetic ap stars remains the only class of stars for which high - resolution measurements of... | magnetic stars with radiative envelopes
magnetic field observables for early-type stars
multipolar modeling of magnetic observables
interpretation of stokes parameter spectra
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: stars with radiative envelopes , specifically the upper main sequence chemically peculiar ( ap ) stars , were among the first objects outside our solar system for which surface magnetic fields have been detected
. currently magnetic ap s... | observational manifestations of magnetic fields in intermediate- and high - mass stars with radiative envelopes differ considerably from the magnetism of solar - type and low - mass stars .
as directly observed for the sun and inferred for many late - type stars , vigorous envelope convection and differential rotation ... |
generally , the observed radio spectra of most pulsars can be modelled as a power law with negative spectral indices of about -1.8 ( @xcite ) .
if a pulsar can be observed at frequencies low enough ( i.e. ) , it may also show a low - frequency turnover in its spectrum ( @xcite ; @xcite ) .
on the other hand... | we studied the radio spectrum of psr b1259 - 63 in an unique binary with be star ls 2883 and showed that the shape of the spectrum depends on the orbital phase .
we proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution .
we considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission : free - ... | thegigahertz-peaked spectra pulsars
psrb1259-63 spectrum evolution
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we studied the radio spectrum of psr b1259 - 63 in an unique binary with be star ls 2883 and showed that the shape of the spectrum depends on the orbital phase .
we proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution .
we cons... | generally , the observed radio spectra of most pulsars can be modelled as a power law with negative spectral indices of about -1.8 ( @xcite ) .
if a pulsar can be observed at frequencies low enough ( i.e. ) , it may also show a low - frequency turnover in its spectrum ( @xcite ; @xcite ) .
on the other hand... |
an electron incident on a superconductor from a normal metal , with an energy smaller than the superconducting energy gap , can not propagate into the superconductor and thus should be perfectly reflected .
however , andreev discovered a mechanism for transmission , in which an electron may form a cooper pair with anot... | we study andreev reflection in normal metal - superconductor junctions by using an extended blonder - tinkham - klapwijk model combined with transport calculations based on density functional theory . starting from a parameter - free description of the underlying electronic structure , we perform a detailed investigat... | introduction
formulation
results
conclusions and future direction
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study andreev reflection in normal metal - superconductor junctions by using an extended blonder - tinkham - klapwijk model combined with transport calculations based on density functional theory . starting from a parameter - free descr... | an electron incident on a superconductor from a normal metal , with an energy smaller than the superconducting energy gap , can not propagate into the superconductor and thus should be perfectly reflected .
however , andreev discovered a mechanism for transmission , in which an electron may form a cooper pair with anot... |
the recent discovery of superconductivity in lafeas[o , f ] has intrigued tremendous interest in layered feas systems.@xcite intensive studies have revealed that , by substituting la with ce , sm , nd , pr , and gd , @xcite the superconducting temperature ( @xmath6 ) can be raised from 26 up to 53.3 k , and even higher... | we report a systematic first - principles study on the recent discovered superconducting ba@xmath0k@xmath1fe@xmath2as@xmath2 systems ( @xmath3 = 0.00 , 0.25 , 0.50 , 0.75 , and 1.00 ) .
previous theoretical studies strongly overestimated the magnetic moment on fe of the parent compound bafe@xmath2as@xmath2 . using a... | introduction
model and method
results and discussions
conclusion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we report a systematic first - principles study on the recent discovered superconducting ba@xmath0k@xmath1fe@xmath2as@xmath2 systems ( @xmath3 = 0.00 , 0.25 , 0.50 , 0.75 , and 1.00 ) .
previous theoretical studies strongly overestimated... | the recent discovery of superconductivity in lafeas[o , f ] has intrigued tremendous interest in layered feas systems.@xcite intensive studies have revealed that , by substituting la with ce , sm , nd , pr , and gd , @xcite the superconducting temperature ( @xmath6 ) can be raised from 26 up to 53.3 k , and even higher... |
the exponentially growing number of known extrasolar planets now enables statistical analyses to probe their formation mechanism .
two theoretical frameworks have been proposed to account for the formation of gas giant planets : the slow and gradual core accretion model @xcite , and the fast and abrupt disk fragmentati... | in this article , i examine several observational trends regarding protoplanetary disks , debris disks and exoplanets in binary systems in an attempt to constrain the physical mechanisms of planet formation in such a context .
binaries wider than about 100au are indistinguishable from single stars in all aspects .
... | introduction
planet formation in binaries: initial conditions
planet formation in binaries: end results
discussion and implications | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in this article , i examine several observational trends regarding protoplanetary disks , debris disks and exoplanets in binary systems in an attempt to constrain the physical mechanisms of planet formation in such a context .
binaries w... | the exponentially growing number of known extrasolar planets now enables statistical analyses to probe their formation mechanism .
two theoretical frameworks have been proposed to account for the formation of gas giant planets : the slow and gradual core accretion model @xcite , and the fast and abrupt disk fragmentati... |
the self - avoiding walk ( saw ) model is an important model in statistical physics @xcite .
it models the excluded - volume effect observed in real polymers , and exactly captures universal features such as critical exponents and amplitude ratios .
it is also an important model in the study of critical phenomena , as... | the pivot algorithm for self - avoiding walks has been implemented in a manner which is dramatically faster than previous implementations , enabling extremely long walks to be efficiently simulated .
we explicitly describe the data structures and algorithms used , and provide a heuristic argument that the mean time ... | introduction and results
implementation details
running times of saw-tree, madras and sokal, and kennedy implementations of the pivot algorithm | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the pivot algorithm for self - avoiding walks has been implemented in a manner which is dramatically faster than previous implementations , enabling extremely long walks to be efficiently simulated .
we explicitly describe the data struc... | the self - avoiding walk ( saw ) model is an important model in statistical physics @xcite .
it models the excluded - volume effect observed in real polymers , and exactly captures universal features such as critical exponents and amplitude ratios .
it is also an important model in the study of critical phenomena , as... |
let @xmath8 and @xmath1 be the space of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( i.e. the space of @xmath2-tuples of linearly independent vectors in @xmath3 ) , @xmath9 .
the group @xmath10 acts on this space as follows : @xmath11 the action is transitive for @xmath12 . let @xmath5 be a lattice in @xmath10 ; that is , a discrete su... | we study distribution of orbits of a lattice @xmath0 in the the space @xmath1 of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( @xmath4 ) .
examples of dense @xmath5-orbits are known from the work of dani , raghavan , and veech .
we show that dense orbits of @xmath5 are uniformly distributed in @xmath1 with respect to an explicitly ... | introduction
appendix | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study distribution of orbits of a lattice @xmath0 in the the space @xmath1 of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( @xmath4 ) .
examples of dense @xmath5-orbits are known from the work of dani , raghavan , and veech .
we show that dense orbit... | let @xmath8 and @xmath1 be the space of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( i.e. the space of @xmath2-tuples of linearly independent vectors in @xmath3 ) , @xmath9 .
the group @xmath10 acts on this space as follows : @xmath11 the action is transitive for @xmath12 . let @xmath5 be a lattice in @xmath10 ; that is , a discrete su... |
the casimir force , as exhibited between neutral metallic parallel plates , was discovered theoretically in 1948 @xcite .
the casimir torque between asymmetric materials was first studied in 1973 @xcite .
recently , theoretical study of the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates was pioneered and de... | we calculate the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates , described by @xmath0-function potentials , interacting through a scalar field , using the multiple scattering formalism .
the contributions to the casimir energy due to uncorrugated parallel plates is treated as a background from the outset ... | introduction
formalism
leading order contribution
next-to-leading order contribution
derivatives of the greens function
comparison of our leading order result with reference @xcite | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we calculate the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates , described by @xmath0-function potentials , interacting through a scalar field , using the multiple scattering formalism .
the contributions to the casimir energy... | the casimir force , as exhibited between neutral metallic parallel plates , was discovered theoretically in 1948 @xcite .
the casimir torque between asymmetric materials was first studied in 1973 @xcite .
recently , theoretical study of the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates was pioneered and de... |
the @xmath0-invariance of the maxwell equation was discovered by cunningham and bateman a century ago .
however in order to quantize the maxwell field and due to gauge freedom , a gauge fixing condition is necessary .
the lorenz gauge is usually used , which breaks the @xmath0 invariance .
nonetheless since such a symm... | we present an @xmath0-covariant quantization of the free electromagnetic field in conformally flat spaces ( cfs ) .
a cfs is realized in a six - dimensional space as an intersection of the null cone with a given surface .
the smooth move of the latter is equivalent to perform a weyl rescaling .
this allows to tr... | introduction
from @xmath4 to a four-dimensional cfs
the maxwell field from @xmath4
canonical quantization
conclusion
acknowledgments
the transformations relating @xmath158 to @xmath3
the undecomposable @xmath0 representations of the fields @xmath3
the scalar product | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present an @xmath0-covariant quantization of the free electromagnetic field in conformally flat spaces ( cfs ) .
a cfs is realized in a six - dimensional space as an intersection of the null cone with a given surface .
the smooth mo... | the @xmath0-invariance of the maxwell equation was discovered by cunningham and bateman a century ago .
however in order to quantize the maxwell field and due to gauge freedom , a gauge fixing condition is necessary .
the lorenz gauge is usually used , which breaks the @xmath0 invariance .
nonetheless since such a symm... |
the formation of jets is the most prominent feature of perturbative qcd in @xmath0 annihilation into hadrons .
jets can be visualized as large portions of hadronic energy or , equivalently , as a set of hadrons confined to an angular region in the detector . in the past , this qualitative definition was replaced by qua... | expressions for sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented .
they are used to construct resummed jet rates in @xmath0 annihilation .
predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at lep and top quarks at the linear collider . | introduction
jet rates for heavy quarks
numerical results and comparison with fixed order calculations
conclusions
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: expressions for sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented .
they are used to construct resummed jet rates in @xmath0 annihilation .
predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at lep and top quarks at the linear col... | the formation of jets is the most prominent feature of perturbative qcd in @xmath0 annihilation into hadrons .
jets can be visualized as large portions of hadronic energy or , equivalently , as a set of hadrons confined to an angular region in the detector . in the past , this qualitative definition was replaced by qua... |
the physical origin of spatially extended ( tens to hundreds of kiloparsecs ) luminous ( @xmath4erg / s ) ly@xmath0 sources , also known as ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) first discovered more than a decade ago ( e.g. , * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) , remains a mystery . by now
several tens of labs have bee... | we present a new model for the observed ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) within the context of the standard cold dark matter model . in this model , labs are the most massive halos with the strongest clustering ( proto - clusters ) undergoing extreme starbursts in the high - z universe . aided by calculations of detailed radi... | introduction
simulations
results
conclusions and discussions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present a new model for the observed ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) within the context of the standard cold dark matter model . in this model , labs are the most massive halos with the strongest clustering ( proto - clusters ) undergoing extr... | the physical origin of spatially extended ( tens to hundreds of kiloparsecs ) luminous ( @xmath4erg / s ) ly@xmath0 sources , also known as ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) first discovered more than a decade ago ( e.g. , * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) , remains a mystery . by now
several tens of labs have bee... |
investigations of sheath formation in front of a floating plate have hitherto been restricted to fluid studies on the ion time scale [ 1 ] . by contrast , the response of the plasma in the very early stages of sheath formation is not well known . in this paper , we present pic simulations of the plasma dynamics over ju... | the problem of sheath formation in front of a conductive planar plate inserted into the plasma is formulated .
initially , the plate is assumed to be neutral .
it is shown that the charging - up process of the plate is accompanied by the excitation of electron plasma waves . _
@xmath0 plasma physics departmen... | introduction
simulation set-up
simulation results
summary and conclusions
acknowledgements
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the problem of sheath formation in front of a conductive planar plate inserted into the plasma is formulated .
initially , the plate is assumed to be neutral .
it is shown that the charging - up process of the plate is accompanied by t... | investigations of sheath formation in front of a floating plate have hitherto been restricted to fluid studies on the ion time scale [ 1 ] . by contrast , the response of the plasma in the very early stages of sheath formation is not well known . in this paper , we present pic simulations of the plasma dynamics over ju... |
studies of nuclei far from stability have long been a goal of nuclear science .
nuclei on either side of the stability region , either neutron - rich or deficient , are being produced at new radioactive beam facilities across the world . at these facilities , and with the help of advances in nuclear many - body theory
... | the shell - model monte carlo ( smmc ) technique transforms the traditional nuclear shell - model problem into a path - integral over auxiliary fields .
we describe below the method and its applications to four physics issues : calculations of @xmath0-@xmath1- shell nuclei , a discussion of electron - capture rates ... | introduction
smmc methods
applications
conclusions
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the shell - model monte carlo ( smmc ) technique transforms the traditional nuclear shell - model problem into a path - integral over auxiliary fields .
we describe below the method and its applications to four physics issues : calculati... | studies of nuclei far from stability have long been a goal of nuclear science .
nuclei on either side of the stability region , either neutron - rich or deficient , are being produced at new radioactive beam facilities across the world . at these facilities , and with the help of advances in nuclear many - body theory
... |
recent advanced material technologies have made it possible to access low - dimensional quantum systems .
furthermore , material synthesis has offered a great opportunity to explore more intriguing lower - dimensional spin systems rather than well - understood conventional spin systems @xcite .
in such a low - dimensio... | a systematic analysis is performed for quantum phase transitions in a bond - alternative one - dimensional ising model with a dzyaloshinskii - moriya ( dm ) interaction by using the fidelity of ground state wave functions based on the infinite matrix product states algorithm . for an antiferromagnetic phase ,
the fi... | introduction
model and numerical method
fidelity per lattice site and bifurcations
phase diagram
quantum entanglement and phase transition
central charge and universality class
summary | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: a systematic analysis is performed for quantum phase transitions in a bond - alternative one - dimensional ising model with a dzyaloshinskii - moriya ( dm ) interaction by using the fidelity of ground state wave functions based on the infi... | recent advanced material technologies have made it possible to access low - dimensional quantum systems .
furthermore , material synthesis has offered a great opportunity to explore more intriguing lower - dimensional spin systems rather than well - understood conventional spin systems @xcite .
in such a low - dimensio... |
it is now an established experimental fact that there are events with large rapidity gaps in the hadronic final state in which there is a large momentum transfer across the gap .
such events have been observed at both the tevatron @xcite and hera @xcite in the rapidity gaps between jets process suggested for study by b... | the double dissociation photoproduction cross section for the process @xmath0 , in which the systems @xmath1 and @xmath2 are separated by a large rapidity gap , is measured at large 4-momentum transfer squared @xmath3 by the h1 collaboration at hera .
this measurement provides for the first time a direct measurement... | introduction
event selection
extraction of the cross section
results | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the double dissociation photoproduction cross section for the process @xmath0 , in which the systems @xmath1 and @xmath2 are separated by a large rapidity gap , is measured at large 4-momentum transfer squared @xmath3 by the h1 collaborati... | it is now an established experimental fact that there are events with large rapidity gaps in the hadronic final state in which there is a large momentum transfer across the gap .
such events have been observed at both the tevatron @xcite and hera @xcite in the rapidity gaps between jets process suggested for study by b... |
one of the most basic questions that arises in trying to understand the nonperturbative structure of string theory concerns the classification of vector bundles over real and complex manifolds . in the presence of d - branes one encounters gauge theories in spacetime dimensionalities up to ten .
already more than 20 ye... | we construct explicit bps and non - bps solutions of the yang - mills equations on the noncommutative space @xmath0 which have manifest spherical symmetry . using @xmath1-equivariant dimensional reduction techniques ,
we show that the solutions imply an equivalence between instantons on @xmath0 and nonabelian vortic... | introduction and summary
yang-mills equations[fieldeqs]
invariant gauge fields[invgauge]
description of the ansatz[ansatzdescr]
dimensional reduction[dimred]
noncommutative gauge theory[ncgauge]
explicit solutions of the noncommutative yang-mills equations[ncymsols]
generalized atiyah-bott-shapiro construction[explreal... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we construct explicit bps and non - bps solutions of the yang - mills equations on the noncommutative space @xmath0 which have manifest spherical symmetry . using @xmath1-equivariant dimensional reduction techniques ,
we show that the so... | one of the most basic questions that arises in trying to understand the nonperturbative structure of string theory concerns the classification of vector bundles over real and complex manifolds . in the presence of d - branes one encounters gauge theories in spacetime dimensionalities up to ten .
already more than 20 ye... |
it may be worth recalling some of the main properties of the milky way open cluster system .
the census of open clusters is still highly incomplete beyond distances of a few kpc from the sun , although the situation is improving with new surveys such as 2mass ( see e.g. the contributions by carpenter and hanson in thi... | young star clusters with masses similar to those of classical old globular clusters are observed not only in starbursts , mergers or otherwise disturbed galaxies , but also in normal spiral galaxies .
some young clusters with masses as high as @xmath0 have been found in the disks of isolated spirals .
dynamical ma... | a bit of background
observations of nearby spirals
dynamical mass estimates
concluding remarks | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: young star clusters with masses similar to those of classical old globular clusters are observed not only in starbursts , mergers or otherwise disturbed galaxies , but also in normal spiral galaxies .
some young clusters with masses as h... | it may be worth recalling some of the main properties of the milky way open cluster system .
the census of open clusters is still highly incomplete beyond distances of a few kpc from the sun , although the situation is improving with new surveys such as 2mass ( see e.g. the contributions by carpenter and hanson in thi... |
finite temperature instantons ( calorons ) have a rich structure if one allows the polyakov loop , @xmath1 in the periodic gauge @xmath2 , to be non - trivial at spatial infinity ( specifying the holonomy ) .
it implies the spontaneous breakdown of gauge symmetry . for a charge one @xmath3 caloron
, the location of the... | we analyse what happens with two merging constituent monopoles for the @xmath0 caloron .
identified through degenerate eigenvalues ( the singularities or defects of the abelian projection ) of the polyakov loop , it follows that there are defects that are not directly related to the actual constituent monopoles
. ... | introduction
puzzle
example
resolution
lesson
acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we analyse what happens with two merging constituent monopoles for the @xmath0 caloron .
identified through degenerate eigenvalues ( the singularities or defects of the abelian projection ) of the polyakov loop , it follows that there ar... | finite temperature instantons ( calorons ) have a rich structure if one allows the polyakov loop , @xmath1 in the periodic gauge @xmath2 , to be non - trivial at spatial infinity ( specifying the holonomy ) .
it implies the spontaneous breakdown of gauge symmetry . for a charge one @xmath3 caloron
, the location of the... |
bressan , granato & silva @xcite have suggested that the presence of dusty circumstellar envelopes around asymptotic giant branch(agb ) stars should leave a signature , a clear excess at 10 @xmath0 m , in the mid infrared ( mir ) spectral region of passively evolving stellar systems .
early detections of such an excess... | we present high signal to noise ratio _ spitzer _ infrared spectrograph observations of 17 virgo early - type galaxies .
the galaxies were selected from those that define the colour - magnitude relation of the cluster , with the aim of detecting the silicate emission of their dusty , mass - losing evolved stars . to... | introduction
observations and data reduction
results
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we present high signal to noise ratio _ spitzer _ infrared spectrograph observations of 17 virgo early - type galaxies .
the galaxies were selected from those that define the colour - magnitude relation of the cluster , with the aim of d... | bressan , granato & silva @xcite have suggested that the presence of dusty circumstellar envelopes around asymptotic giant branch(agb ) stars should leave a signature , a clear excess at 10 @xmath0 m , in the mid infrared ( mir ) spectral region of passively evolving stellar systems .
early detections of such an excess... |
the identification of dark matter is one of the major open questions in physics , astrophysics , and cosmology .
recent cosmological observations together with constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis point to the presence of non - baryonic dark matter in the universe .
the nature of this non - baryonic dark matter ... | directional dark matter detectors will be able to record the recoil momentum spectrum of nuclei hit by dark matter wimps .
we show that the recoil momentum spectrum is the radon transform of the wimp velocity distribution .
this allows us to obtain analytic expressions for the recoil spectra of a variety of veloci... | introduction
wimp-nucleus elastic scattering
recoil momentum spectrum
computing the recoil momentum spectrum
examples of recoil momentum spectra
reconstructing the velocity distribution
conclusions
some mathematics of the radon transform
inversion formulas for the radon transform
area of the intersection between a plan... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: directional dark matter detectors will be able to record the recoil momentum spectrum of nuclei hit by dark matter wimps .
we show that the recoil momentum spectrum is the radon transform of the wimp velocity distribution .
this allows... | the identification of dark matter is one of the major open questions in physics , astrophysics , and cosmology .
recent cosmological observations together with constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis point to the presence of non - baryonic dark matter in the universe .
the nature of this non - baryonic dark matter ... |
study of geodesics has been one of the main tools in the investigation of the physical properties of spacetimes since the very establishment of general relativity for a general review of both geodesics and electrogeodesics for the reissner - nordstrm as well as other spacetimes , see , for example , the classical book... | we investigate the ( electro-)geodesic structure of the majumdar - papapetrou solution representing static charged black holes in equilibrium .
we assume only two point sources , imparting thus the spacetime axial symmetry .
we study electrogeodesics both in and off the equatorial plane and explore the stability o... | introduction
the newtonian case
the extreme reissner-nordstrm di-hole metric
static electrogeodesics
oscillation along the @xmath0-axis
circular electrogeodesics
circular electrogeodesics within the equatorial plane
deviation of geodesics
conclusions
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we investigate the ( electro-)geodesic structure of the majumdar - papapetrou solution representing static charged black holes in equilibrium .
we assume only two point sources , imparting thus the spacetime axial symmetry .
we study e... | study of geodesics has been one of the main tools in the investigation of the physical properties of spacetimes since the very establishment of general relativity for a general review of both geodesics and electrogeodesics for the reissner - nordstrm as well as other spacetimes , see , for example , the classical book... |
the parallel chip - firing game or candy - passing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices , each of which contains some nonnegative number of chips , `` fire '' exactly one chip to each of their neighbors if possible .
formally , let @xmath4 be an undirected graph with vertex set @xmath5 and edge set ... | the parallel chip - firing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices `` fire '' chips to their neighbors . in 1989 , bitar conjectured that the period of a parallel chip - firing game with @xmath0 vertices is at most @xmath0 .
though this conjecture was disproven in 1994 by kiwi et .
al .
, it ha... | introduction
parallel chip-firing on simple connected graphs
period length of games on @xmath31
periods of games on the complete @xmath2-partite graph
discussion and further work
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the parallel chip - firing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices `` fire '' chips to their neighbors . in 1989 , bitar conjectured that the period of a parallel chip - firing game with @xmath0 vertices is at most @xmath0... | the parallel chip - firing game or candy - passing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices , each of which contains some nonnegative number of chips , `` fire '' exactly one chip to each of their neighbors if possible .
formally , let @xmath4 be an undirected graph with vertex set @xmath5 and edge set ... |
being able to read news from other countries and written in other languages allows readers to be better informed .
it allows them to detect national news bias and thus improves transparency and democracy .
existing online translation systems such as _ google translate _ and _ _ bing translator _ _ are thus a great serv... | we propose a real - time machine translation system that allows users to select a news category and to translate the related live news articles from arabic , czech , danish , farsi , french , german , italian , polish , portuguese , spanish and turkish into english .
the moses - based system was optimised for the ne... | introduction
europe media monitor
news translation system
technical implementation
discussion
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we propose a real - time machine translation system that allows users to select a news category and to translate the related live news articles from arabic , czech , danish , farsi , french , german , italian , polish , portuguese , spanis... | being able to read news from other countries and written in other languages allows readers to be better informed .
it allows them to detect national news bias and thus improves transparency and democracy .
existing online translation systems such as _ google translate _ and _ _ bing translator _ _ are thus a great serv... |
the acceleration of charged particles to high energies in the solar corona is related to flares , which reveal the dissipation of magnetically stored energy in complex magnetic field structures of the low corona , and to coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) , which are large - scale , complex magnetic - field - plasma struc... | on 17 january 2005 two fast coronal mass ejections were recorded in close succession during two distinct episodes of a 3b / x3.8 flare . both were accompanied by metre - to - kilometre type - iii groups tracing energetic electrons that escape into the interplanetary space and by decametre - to - hectometre type - ii b... | introduction
observations and data analysis
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: on 17 january 2005 two fast coronal mass ejections were recorded in close succession during two distinct episodes of a 3b / x3.8 flare . both were accompanied by metre - to - kilometre type - iii groups tracing energetic electrons that esc... | the acceleration of charged particles to high energies in the solar corona is related to flares , which reveal the dissipation of magnetically stored energy in complex magnetic field structures of the low corona , and to coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) , which are large - scale , complex magnetic - field - plasma struc... |
biometric authentication systems are becoming prevalent in access control and in consumer technology .
in such systems , the user submits their user name and his / her biometric sample , which is compared to the stored biometric template associated with this user name ( one - to - one matching ) .
the popularity of bio... | one of the main challenges faced by biometric - based authentication systems is the need to offer secure authentication while maintaining the privacy of the biometric data .
previous solutions , such as secure sketch and fuzzy extractors , rely on assumptions that can not be guaranteed in practice , and often affect... | introduction
generating honeyfaces images
implementation of honeyfaces concept
privacy analysis
security analysis
summary
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: one of the main challenges faced by biometric - based authentication systems is the need to offer secure authentication while maintaining the privacy of the biometric data .
previous solutions , such as secure sketch and fuzzy extractors... | biometric authentication systems are becoming prevalent in access control and in consumer technology .
in such systems , the user submits their user name and his / her biometric sample , which is compared to the stored biometric template associated with this user name ( one - to - one matching ) .
the popularity of bio... |
thanks to a fortunate coincidence of observations by agile , _ fermi _ , and _ swift _ satellites , together with the optical observations by the vlt / fors2 and the nordic optical telescope , it has been possible to obtain an unprecedented set of data , extending from the optical - uv , through the x - rays , all the ... | in a new classification of merging binary neutron stars ( nss ) we separate short gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) in two sub - classes . the ones with @xmath0 erg coalesce to form a massive ns and are indicated as short gamma - ray flashes ( s - grfs ) .
the hardest , with @xmath1 erg , coalesce to form a black hole (... | introduction
summary of the fireshell model
on the role of @xmath69erg limit for s-grbs and bdhne
analysis of grb 090510
conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: in a new classification of merging binary neutron stars ( nss ) we separate short gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) in two sub - classes . the ones with @xmath0 erg coalesce to form a massive ns and are indicated as short gamma - ray flashes ( ... | thanks to a fortunate coincidence of observations by agile , _ fermi _ , and _ swift _ satellites , together with the optical observations by the vlt / fors2 and the nordic optical telescope , it has been possible to obtain an unprecedented set of data , extending from the optical - uv , through the x - rays , all the ... |
measurements at lep , sld , and the tevatron have been used extensively to limit models with physics beyond that of the standard model ( sm)@xcite . by performing global fits to a series of precision measurements , information about the parameters of new models
can be inferred@xcite .
the simplest example of this appro... | electroweak precision data have been extensively used to constrain models containing physics beyond that of the standard model .
when the model contains higgs scalars in representations other than singlets or doublets , and hence @xmath0 at tree level , a correct renormalization scheme requires more inputs than the ... | introduction
renormalization
standard model with an additional @xmath58 triplet higgs boson
non-decoupling of the triplet
results
conclusion
acknowledgments
contributions of the top loop
contributions of the scalars in a model with a triplet higgs
the left-right symmetric model
minimization of the scalar potential in m... | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: electroweak precision data have been extensively used to constrain models containing physics beyond that of the standard model .
when the model contains higgs scalars in representations other than singlets or doublets , and hence @xmath0... | measurements at lep , sld , and the tevatron have been used extensively to limit models with physics beyond that of the standard model ( sm)@xcite . by performing global fits to a series of precision measurements , information about the parameters of new models
can be inferred@xcite .
the simplest example of this appro... |
atoms in highly excited rydberg states ( principal quantum number @xmath3 ) have large radii and electric - dipole transition matrix elements ( @xmath4 ) , large polarizabilities ( @xmath5 ) and strong van - der - waals interactions ( @xmath6 ) @xcite.these properties have led to a variety of interesting investigation... | the passage of cold cesium 49s@xmath0 rydberg atoms through an electric - field - induced multi - level avoided crossing with nearby hydrogen - like rydberg levels is employed to prepare a cold , dipolar rydberg atom gas .
when the electric field is ramped through the avoided crossing on time scales on the order of ... | introduction
setup
spectroscopy
passage behavior in ramped electric fields
collision-induced dynamics caused by adiabatic state transformation
density dependence of the collision-induced dynamics
landau-zener dynamics
m-mixing
conclusion
acknowledgements
references | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the passage of cold cesium 49s@xmath0 rydberg atoms through an electric - field - induced multi - level avoided crossing with nearby hydrogen - like rydberg levels is employed to prepare a cold , dipolar rydberg atom gas .
when the elect... | atoms in highly excited rydberg states ( principal quantum number @xmath3 ) have large radii and electric - dipole transition matrix elements ( @xmath4 ) , large polarizabilities ( @xmath5 ) and strong van - der - waals interactions ( @xmath6 ) @xcite.these properties have led to a variety of interesting investigation... |
granular crystals are material systems based on the assembly of particles in one- , two- and three - dimensions inside a matrix ( or a holder ) in ordered closely packed configurations in which the grains are in contact with each other @xcite
. the fundamental building blocks constituting such systems are macroscopic p... | our aim in the present work is to develop approximations for the collisional dynamics of traveling waves in the context of granular chains in the presence of precompression . to that effect
, we aim to quantify approximations of the relevant hertzian fpu - type lattice through both the korteweg - de vries ( kdv ) eq... | introduction
connecting the granular chain and its soliton collisions to the kdv
connecting the granular chain and its soliton collisions to the toda lattice
conclusions and future challenges
estimates in the small amplitude regime | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: our aim in the present work is to develop approximations for the collisional dynamics of traveling waves in the context of granular chains in the presence of precompression . to that effect
, we aim to quantify approximations of the rele... | granular crystals are material systems based on the assembly of particles in one- , two- and three - dimensions inside a matrix ( or a holder ) in ordered closely packed configurations in which the grains are in contact with each other @xcite
. the fundamental building blocks constituting such systems are macroscopic p... |
j.y.o . thanks b. alver , a.h . mueller and d. schiff for helpful discussions .
is supported through bmbf grant 05 cu5ri1/3 .
j. y. ollitrault , phys .
d * 46 * , 229 ( 1992 ) .
k. h. ackermann _ et al .
_ , phys . rev
. lett . * 86 * , 402 ( 2001 ) .
h. sorge , phys .
lett . * 82 * , 2048 ( 1999 ) .
r. ... | we show that the centrality and system - size dependence of elliptic flow measured at rhic are fully described by a simple model based on eccentricity scaling and incomplete thermalization .
we argue that the elliptic flow is at least 25% below the ( ideal ) `` hydrodynamic limit '' , even for the most central au - ... | acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we show that the centrality and system - size dependence of elliptic flow measured at rhic are fully described by a simple model based on eccentricity scaling and incomplete thermalization .
we argue that the elliptic flow is at least 25... | j.y.o . thanks b. alver , a.h . mueller and d. schiff for helpful discussions .
is supported through bmbf grant 05 cu5ri1/3 .
j. y. ollitrault , phys .
d * 46 * , 229 ( 1992 ) .
k. h. ackermann _ et al .
_ , phys . rev
. lett . * 86 * , 402 ( 2001 ) .
h. sorge , phys .
lett . * 82 * , 2048 ( 1999 ) .
r. ... |
the rotor mechanism , firstly proposed in the theory of self - organized criticality @xcite under name `` eulerian walk '' @xcite , was rediscovered independently as a tool for a derandomization of the random walk @xcite .
the subsequent studies were concerned with collective properties of the medium `` organized '' by... | we study the rotor - router walk on the infinite square lattice with the outgoing edges at each lattice site ordered clockwise . in the previous paper [ j.phys.a : math .
theor .
48 , 285203 ( 2015 ) ] , we have considered the loops created by rotors and labeled sites where the loops become closed .
the sequence... | introduction
contours in rotor state and chip motion
labels, nodes and spirals
tree structure and number of visits the origin
convergence to the archimedean spiral
acknowledgments | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we study the rotor - router walk on the infinite square lattice with the outgoing edges at each lattice site ordered clockwise . in the previous paper [ j.phys.a : math .
theor .
48 , 285203 ( 2015 ) ] , we have considered the loops cr... | the rotor mechanism , firstly proposed in the theory of self - organized criticality @xcite under name `` eulerian walk '' @xcite , was rediscovered independently as a tool for a derandomization of the random walk @xcite .
the subsequent studies were concerned with collective properties of the medium `` organized '' by... |
from the time of hawking s discovery that black holes radiate with the black - body radiation , the problem of information stored in a black hole @xcite attracted much attention .
different ideas were discussed , in particular those of remnants @xcite , `` fuzziness '' of the black hole @xcite and refs .
therein , quan... | the density matrix of hawking radiation is calculated in the model of black hole with fluctuating horizon .
quantum fluctuations smear the classical horizon of black hole and modify the density matrix of radiation producing the off - diagonal elements .
the off - diagonal elements may store information of correlat... | introduction.
geometry of the thin collapsing shell
quantum black hole
hawking radiation from the black hole formed by the shell
diagonal and off-diagonal parts of the density matrix
discussion | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: the density matrix of hawking radiation is calculated in the model of black hole with fluctuating horizon .
quantum fluctuations smear the classical horizon of black hole and modify the density matrix of radiation producing the off - dia... | from the time of hawking s discovery that black holes radiate with the black - body radiation , the problem of information stored in a black hole @xcite attracted much attention .
different ideas were discussed , in particular those of remnants @xcite , `` fuzziness '' of the black hole @xcite and refs .
therein , quan... |
a choice of nonconstant meromorphic function @xmath28 on a compact riemann surface @xmath0 realizes @xmath0 as a finite sheeted branched covering of the riemann sphere @xmath29 .
_ log - riemann surfaces of finite type _
are certain branched coverings , in a generalized sense , of @xmath30 by a punctured compact rieman... | an exp - algebraic curve consists of a compact riemann surface @xmath0 together with @xmath1 equivalence classes of germs of meromorphic functions modulo germs of holomorphic functions , @xmath2 , \cdots , [ h_n ] \}$ ] , with poles of orders @xmath3 at points @xmath4 .
this data determines a space of functions @xma... | introduction
log-riemann surfaces of finite type and exp-algebraic curves
exp-algebraic curves and line bundles with meromorphic connections
torelli-type theorem for exp-algebraic curves | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: an exp - algebraic curve consists of a compact riemann surface @xmath0 together with @xmath1 equivalence classes of germs of meromorphic functions modulo germs of holomorphic functions , @xmath2 , \cdots , [ h_n ] \}$ ] , with poles of ord... | a choice of nonconstant meromorphic function @xmath28 on a compact riemann surface @xmath0 realizes @xmath0 as a finite sheeted branched covering of the riemann sphere @xmath29 .
_ log - riemann surfaces of finite type _
are certain branched coverings , in a generalized sense , of @xmath30 by a punctured compact rieman... |
in 1988 , a. barkai and c.d mcquaid reported a novel observation in population ecology while studying benthic fauna in south african shores @xcite : a predator - prey role reversal between a decapod crustacean and a marine snail .
specifically , in malgas island , the rock lobster _ jasus lalandii _ preys on a type of ... | predator - prey relationships are one of the most studied interactions in population ecology .
however , little attention has been paid to the possibility of role exchange between species once determined as predators and preys , despite firm field evidence of such phenomena in the nature . in this paper
, we build... | introduction
mathematical model
phase portrait analysis
spatial dynamics
discussion and final remarks
acknowledgements
appendix a | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
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{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: predator - prey relationships are one of the most studied interactions in population ecology .
however , little attention has been paid to the possibility of role exchange between species once determined as predators and preys , despite ... | in 1988 , a. barkai and c.d mcquaid reported a novel observation in population ecology while studying benthic fauna in south african shores @xcite : a predator - prey role reversal between a decapod crustacean and a marine snail .
specifically , in malgas island , the rock lobster _ jasus lalandii _ preys on a type of ... |
starting from the first telescopic sunspot observations by david and johannes fabricius , galileo galilei , thomas harriot and christoph scheiner , the 400-year sunspot record is one of the longest directly recorded scientific data series , and forms the basis for numerous studies in a wide range of research such as , ... | because of the lack of reliable sunspot observation , the quality of sunspot number series is poor in the late 18th century , leading to the abnormally long solar cycle ( 17841799 ) before the dalton minimum . using the newly recovered solar drawings by the 1819th century observers staudacher and hamilton , we constru... | introduction
data and analysis
discussion and conclusions | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
|||
{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: because of the lack of reliable sunspot observation , the quality of sunspot number series is poor in the late 18th century , leading to the abnormally long solar cycle ( 17841799 ) before the dalton minimum . using the newly recovered sol... | starting from the first telescopic sunspot observations by david and johannes fabricius , galileo galilei , thomas harriot and christoph scheiner , the 400-year sunspot record is one of the longest directly recorded scientific data series , and forms the basis for numerous studies in a wide range of research such as , ... |
this work was supported by gesellschaft fr schwerionenforschung , darmstadt ( gsi ) and by the loewe initiative of the state of hessen through the helmholtz international center for fair .
s. a. bass , m. gyulassy , h. stoecker and w. greiner , j. phys .
g * 25 * , r1 ( 1999 ) [ arxiv : hep - ph/9810281 ] .
k. a... | we discuss one of the most prominent features of the very recent preliminary elliptic flow data of @xmath0 meson from the phenix collaboration @xcite . even within the the rather large error bars of the measured data
a negative elliptic flow parameter ( @xmath1 ) for @xmath0 in the range of @xmath2 is visible .
we... | acknowledgements | generate_first_100_words_for_article | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: {{ abstract }}
|||
{{ article.strip().split(' ')[:100] |join(' ')}} | Write the first 100 words for a scientific article with the following abstract: we discuss one of the most prominent features of the very recent preliminary elliptic flow data of @xmath0 meson from the phenix collaboration @xcite . even within the the rather large error bars of the measured data
a negative elliptic ... | this work was supported by gesellschaft fr schwerionenforschung , darmstadt ( gsi ) and by the loewe initiative of the state of hessen through the helmholtz international center for fair .
s. a. bass , m. gyulassy , h. stoecker and w. greiner , j. phys .
g * 25 * , r1 ( 1999 ) [ arxiv : hep - ph/9810281 ] .
k. a... |
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