sentence
stringlengths
35
510
relation
class label
19 classes
template_name
stringclasses
5 values
template
stringclasses
5 values
rendered_input
stringlengths
152
1.09k
rendered_output
stringclasses
19 values
Showing a sample of a fertilizer package this <e1>fertilizer</e1> <e2>company</e2> shows what to look for on their label.
16Product-Producer(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Showing a sample of a fertilizer package this <e1>fertilizer</e1> <e2>company</e2> shows what to look for on their label. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Containe...
Product Producer e1,e2
The <e1>kitchen</e1> holds little <e2>clues</e2> about how we tried to reinvent the past.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>kitchen</e1> holds little <e2>clues</e2> about how we tried to reinvent the past. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1...
Other
This is assuming that the <e1>dividend</e1> is received from a <e2>treaty country</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: This is assuming that the <e1>dividend</e1> is received from a <e2>treaty country</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, ...
Entity Origin e1,e2
Patient survival one year after transplantation from a living-related donor is 95% and comparably high if the <e1>organ</e1> comes from a cadaveric <e2>donor</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Patient survival one year after transplantation from a living-related donor is 95% and comparably high if the <e1>organ</e1> comes from a cadaveric <e2>donor</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e...
Entity Origin e1,e2
We continue to see progress toward a world free of the daily <e1>terror</e1> of antipersonnel <e2>landmines</e2>.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: We continue to see progress toward a world free of the daily <e1>terror</e1> of antipersonnel <e2>landmines</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2,...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The <e1>micropump</e1> is fabricated by the <e2>anisotropic etching</e2>, the boron diffusion and the metal evaporation.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>micropump</e1> is fabricated by the <e2>anisotropic etching</e2>, the boron diffusion and the metal evaporation. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container...
Other
<e1>Pomegranate</e1> <e2>juice</e2> has anti-inflammatory effects and high levels of anti-oxidants, which are believed to protect the body from free-radical damage.
9Entity-Origin(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Pomegranate</e1> <e2>juice</e2> has anti-inflammatory effects and high levels of anti-oxidants, which are believed to protect the body from free-radical damage. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,...
Entity Origin e2,e1
The <e1>artist</e1> made the <e2>picture</e2> when he was a fourth grade student in Iowa City.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>artist</e1> made the <e2>picture</e2> when he was a fourth grade student in Iowa City. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container ...
Product Producer e2,e1
Dr. Aimee Rose, a member of the <e1>team</e1> who made the <e2>discovery</e2>, predicts it will save many lives, both military and civilian.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Dr. Aimee Rose, a member of the <e1>team</e1> who made the <e2>discovery</e2>, predicts it will save many lives, both military and civilian. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e...
Other
Furthermore, <e1>control</e1> over agricultural <e2>research</e2>, production, distribution and practice is shifting from public institutions to private corporations, which are profit driven and are not motivated by humanitarian concerns.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Furthermore, <e1>control</e1> over agricultural <e2>research</e2>, production, distribution and practice is shifting from public institutions to private corporations, which are profit driven and are not motivated by humanitarian concerns. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantica...
Other
He described the meeting with her as an exception, since he normally has meetings directly with <e1>engineers</e1> from the <e2>regions</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: He described the meeting with her as an exception, since he normally has meetings directly with <e1>engineers</e1> from the <e2>regions</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,...
Entity Origin e1,e2
In a conventional, steam turbine-only power plant, the <e1>heat</e1> required to produce the steam comes from a <e2>boiler</e2>.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: In a conventional, steam turbine-only power plant, the <e1>heat</e1> required to produce the steam comes from a <e2>boiler</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content C...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The <e1>list</e1> contained <e2>books</e2> of various genres and reading and interest levels.
13Member-Collection(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>list</e1> contained <e2>books</e2> of various genres and reading and interest levels. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e...
Member Collection e2,e1
A large <e1>rig</e1> combines a <e2>trampoline system</e2> with a bungee cord system.
3Component-Whole(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: A large <e1>rig</e1> combines a <e2>trampoline system</e2> with a bungee cord system. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, En...
Component Whole e2,e1
Now in its 56th year, this unique folkloric <e1>dance</e1> <e2>company</e2> continues to collect, perform and preserve authentic traditional Hungarian music and dance.
16Product-Producer(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Now in its 56th year, this unique folkloric <e1>dance</e1> <e2>company</e2> continues to collect, perform and preserve authentic traditional Hungarian music and dance. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole ...
Product Producer e1,e2
The burning <e1>fuel</e1> produces exhaust <e2>gases</e2>, which, when forced out the nozzle, produce thrust, moving the rocket in the other direction.
9Entity-Origin(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The burning <e1>fuel</e1> produces exhaust <e2>gases</e2>, which, when forced out the nozzle, produce thrust, moving the rocket in the other direction. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component...
Entity Origin e2,e1
In converting a tree into thick planks, the <e1>saw</e1> causes a <e2>waste</e2> of a very small fractional part.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: In converting a tree into thick planks, the <e1>saw</e1> causes a <e2>waste</e2> of a very small fractional part. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2,...
Other
Until recently patient record was represented by <e1>documents</e1> in paper kept in a variety of <e2>formats</e2>, different contents, and places.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Until recently patient record was represented by <e1>documents</e1> in paper kept in a variety of <e2>formats</e2>, different contents, and places. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Who...
Other
The book is about how the <e1>bomb</e1> was used in <e2>diplomacy</e2>.
10Instrument-Agency(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The book is about how the <e1>bomb</e1> was used in <e2>diplomacy</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destinati...
Instrument Agency e1,e2
The <e1>display table</e1> contained <e2>books</e2> and posters for visitors to browse.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>display table</e1> contained <e2>books</e2> and posters for visitors to browse. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, ...
Other
After several years of self-observation, Alexander began to teach his method of conscious <e1>inhibition</e1> through manual facilitated <e2>movement</e2>.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: After several years of self-observation, Alexander began to teach his method of conscious <e1>inhibition</e1> through manual facilitated <e2>movement</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Compo...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The <e1>spammer</e1> writes a simple <e2>bot</e2> that goes to your site and hits the registration page.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>spammer</e1> writes a simple <e2>bot</e2> that goes to your site and hits the registration page. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content ...
Product Producer e2,e1
As the molten metal cools, it hardens and assumes the <e1>shape</e1> created by the mold's <e2>cavity</e2>.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: As the molten metal cools, it hardens and assumes the <e1>shape</e1> created by the mold's <e2>cavity</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Conte...
Cause Effect e2,e1
In particular, we work on devices that take the <e1>signal</e1> that is carried in a <e2>beam</e2> of light going through an optical fiber and transfer that signal to another beam of light going through the same fiber.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: In particular, we work on devices that take the <e1>signal</e1> that is carried in a <e2>beam</e2> of light going through an optical fiber and transfer that signal to another beam of light going through the same fiber. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause...
Other
A knitting needle or <e1>knitting pin</e1> is a long stick or rod used as a tool in the <e2>manufacture</e2> of hand knitted fabric.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: A knitting needle or <e1>knitting pin</e1> is a long stick or rod used as a tool in the <e2>manufacture</e2> of hand knitted fabric. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Conte...
Other
<e1>Driving</e1> with sleep <e2>deprivation</e2> has similar effects as driving under the influence.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Driving</e1> with sleep <e2>deprivation</e2> has similar effects as driving under the influence. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Cont...
Other
We planetary citizens have a unique capacity for <e1>ecstasy</e1> from <e2>repetition</e2> - especially when it comes from drumming.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: We planetary citizens have a unique capacity for <e1>ecstasy</e1> from <e2>repetition</e2> - especially when it comes from drumming. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Conte...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The <e1>tailor</e1> left his <e2>scissors</e2> on a wall below his balcony.
11Instrument-Agency(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>tailor</e1> left his <e2>scissors</e2> on a wall below his balcony. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Desti...
Instrument Agency e2,e1
As many as 18 products in your home come from this <e1>guy</e1>'s <e2>company</e2>.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: As many as 18 products in your home come from this <e1>guy</e1>'s <e2>company</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Enti...
Other
Some <e1>pathologists</e1> do this with a <e2>scalpel</e2>, while others use scissors.
11Instrument-Agency(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Some <e1>pathologists</e1> do this with a <e2>scalpel</e2>, while others use scissors. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, E...
Instrument Agency e2,e1
The authors take us on an extraordinary journey, from the depths of the ocean to the <e1>net</e1> of a <e2>fisherman</e2>.
10Instrument-Agency(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The authors take us on an extraordinary journey, from the depths of the ocean to the <e1>net</e1> of a <e2>fisherman</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Contain...
Instrument Agency e1,e2
The <e1>scintillator material</e1> produces <e2>visible light</e2> when transversed by the particle's radiated energy.
0Cause-Effect(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>scintillator material</e1> produces <e2>visible light</e2> when transversed by the particle's radiated energy. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e...
Cause Effect e1,e2
The <e1>supplier</e1>'s <e2>invoice</e2> is payable within 30 days.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>supplier</e1>'s <e2>invoice</e2> is payable within 30 days. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e...
Product Producer e2,e1
The contents of the <e1>boxes</e1> included <e2>phone cards</e2>, disposable cameras and razors, travel-size toiletries, snack food, and lots of candy.
5Content-Container(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The contents of the <e1>boxes</e1> included <e2>phone cards</e2>, disposable cameras and razors, travel-size toiletries, snack food, and lots of candy. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component...
Content Container e2,e1
The <e1>photoheliograph</e1> produced the glass-plate <e2>photographs</e2> on display in this exhibition gallery.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>photoheliograph</e1> produced the glass-plate <e2>photographs</e2> on display in this exhibition gallery. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2,...
Product Producer e2,e1
The acoustic test is where we put the <e1>spacecraft</e1> in a <e2>sound chamber</e2> and blast it with over 140 decibels of noise for at least a full minute to simulate what it is going to experience during the launch.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The acoustic test is where we put the <e1>spacecraft</e1> in a <e2>sound chamber</e2> and blast it with over 140 decibels of noise for at least a full minute to simulate what it is going to experience during the launch. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Caus...
Other
The <e1>evacuation</e1> after the Chernobyl <e2>accident</e2> was poorly planned and chaotic.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>evacuation</e1> after the Chernobyl <e2>accident</e2> was poorly planned and chaotic. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The contents of the <e1>box</e1> were a <e2>present</e2> and the box itself was as a present.
5Content-Container(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The contents of the <e1>box</e1> were a <e2>present</e2> and the box itself was as a present. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e...
Content Container e2,e1
Commodities that sell and bear rents are also products, including the coils that help distill whiskey, the tatters of the beggar, the retorts of the adulterating druggist, the <e1>jimmy</e1> of the <e2>burglar</e2> and the brig of the pirate.
10Instrument-Agency(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Commodities that sell and bear rents are also products, including the coils that help distill whiskey, the tatters of the beggar, the retorts of the adulterating druggist, the <e1>jimmy</e1> of the <e2>burglar</e2> and the brig of the pirate. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence seman...
Instrument Agency e1,e2
The typical flu <e1>infection</e1> starts with <e2>fever</e2>, muscular pains, headache and general fatigue.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The typical flu <e1>infection</e1> starts with <e2>fever</e2>, muscular pains, headache and general fatigue. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Cont...
Other
The goal of the study was to determine the percentage of adult Americans who keep <e1>money</e1> in a regular <e2>savings account</e2>.
4Content-Container(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The goal of the study was to determine the percentage of adult Americans who keep <e1>money</e1> in a regular <e2>savings account</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Co...
Content Container e1,e2
The <e1>signal</e1> is received from a known <e2>direction</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>signal</e1> is received from a known <e2>direction</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e...
Entity Origin e1,e2
Our water froze and <e1>batteries</e1> kept in <e2>pockets</e2> got cold.
4Content-Container(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Our water froze and <e1>batteries</e1> kept in <e2>pockets</e2> got cold. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destina...
Content Container e1,e2
I had told this <e1>headhunter</e1>'s <e2>company</e2> repeatedly that I was only interested in working in the Philadelphia area.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: I had told this <e1>headhunter</e1>'s <e2>company</e2> repeatedly that I was only interested in working in the Philadelphia area. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content ...
Other
A single <e1>blow</e1> made with the <e2>chisel</e2> angled incorrectly cracks a block or break a delicate protrusion.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: A single <e1>blow</e1> made with the <e2>chisel</e2> angled incorrectly cracks a block or break a delicate protrusion. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e...
Other
The <e1>corbel</e1> was carved with a contorted <e2>face</e2>.
3Component-Whole(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>corbel</e1> was carved with a contorted <e2>face</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e2,...
Component Whole e2,e1
The steering <e1>committee</e1> developed the <e2>protocol</e2> and consent forms with the participating sites and guided the implementation of the trial.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The steering <e1>committee</e1> developed the <e2>protocol</e2> and consent forms with the participating sites and guided the implementation of the trial. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Compon...
Product Producer e2,e1
Buyers of new stoves are sometimes encouraged to buy the optional fan that is offered by the <e1>stove</e1>'s <e2>manufacturer</e2>.
16Product-Producer(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Buyers of new stoves are sometimes encouraged to buy the optional fan that is offered by the <e1>stove</e1>'s <e2>manufacturer</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Conte...
Product Producer e1,e2
To that end the <e1>faculty</e1> collaboratively designed the credential, certificate, and degree <e2>programs</e2> to provide you with a sequence of coursework and field experiences that prepares you to not only act like teachers, counselors and administrators, but to think like them as well.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: To that end the <e1>faculty</e1> collaboratively designed the credential, certificate, and degree <e2>programs</e2> to provide you with a sequence of coursework and field experiences that prepares you to not only act like teachers, counselors and administrators, but to think like them as well. Are the two no...
Product Producer e2,e1
Yet 14 <e1>members</e1> in the Lebanese parliament are from the Hezbollah <e2>party</e2>.
12Member-Collection(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Yet 14 <e1>members</e1> in the Lebanese parliament are from the Hezbollah <e2>party</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1...
Member Collection e1,e2
The flavour and colour depend on the plants from which the <e1>bees</e1> manufactured the <e2>nectar</e2>.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The flavour and colour depend on the plants from which the <e1>bees</e1> manufactured the <e2>nectar</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Conten...
Product Producer e2,e1
<e1>Insulin</e1> is a hormone naturally produced by the <e2>pancreas</e2>.
16Product-Producer(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Insulin</e1> is a hormone naturally produced by the <e2>pancreas</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destin...
Product Producer e1,e2
<e1>Canola</e1> <e2>oil</e2> is a versatile, neutral-tasting oil that is very low in saturated fat.
9Entity-Origin(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Canola</e1> <e2>oil</e2> is a versatile, neutral-tasting oil that is very low in saturated fat. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Conta...
Entity Origin e2,e1
A second aspect of the invention provides apparatuses for indicating the position of an <e1>oar</e1> during <e2>rowing</e2>.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: A second aspect of the invention provides apparatuses for indicating the position of an <e1>oar</e1> during <e2>rowing</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Conta...
Other
Such airships are essentially motorized free balloons and the <e1>engines</e1> are carried in a <e2>car</e2> attached to the lower side or bottom of the bag.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Such airships are essentially motorized free balloons and the <e1>engines</e1> are carried in a <e2>car</e2> attached to the lower side or bottom of the bag. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Com...
Other
Their chemical <e1>activation</e1> by <e2>light</e2> (halogen, plasma, lasers, etc.) enhances their efficiency by reducing exposure time and number of appointments.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Their chemical <e1>activation</e1> by <e2>light</e2> (halogen, plasma, lasers, etc.) enhances their efficiency by reducing exposure time and number of appointments. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The best <e1>vodka</e1> is distilled from <e2>rye</e2> and barley malt, but the cheaper corn and potatoes are commonly employed.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The best <e1>vodka</e1> is distilled from <e2>rye</e2> and barley malt, but the cheaper corn and potatoes are commonly employed. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content C...
Entity Origin e1,e2
We put frozen prawns in the <e1>popcorn</e1> <e2>maker</e2>, and we obtained prawn crackers.
16Product-Producer(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: We put frozen prawns in the <e1>popcorn</e1> <e2>maker</e2>, and we obtained prawn crackers. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2...
Product Producer e1,e2
The woman left the room and walked down the hall and saw the <e1>novelist</e1> hunched before his <e2>computer</e2>.
11Instrument-Agency(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The woman left the room and walked down the hall and saw the <e1>novelist</e1> hunched before his <e2>computer</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,...
Instrument Agency e2,e1
The Piedmont area of Italy is wine country and is noted for the merits of the <e1>wine</e1> produced by its <e2>vintners</e2>.
16Product-Producer(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The Piedmont area of Italy is wine country and is noted for the merits of the <e1>wine</e1> produced by its <e2>vintners</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Con...
Product Producer e1,e2
The moisturizers' primary function is to keep skin moist, minimize <e1>wrinkles</e1> from <e2>dryness</e2>, smoothe and soften skin, and to deliver other ingredients, like sunscreen, that benefit the skin.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The moisturizers' primary function is to keep skin moist, minimize <e1>wrinkles</e1> from <e2>dryness</e2>, smoothe and soften skin, and to deliver other ingredients, like sunscreen, that benefit the skin. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2...
Cause Effect e2,e1
<e1>Biodiesel</e1> is derived from vegetable <e2>oils</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Biodiesel</e1> is derived from vegetable <e2>oils</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e2, En...
Entity Origin e1,e2
I find it hard to bend and reach and use the <e1>cupboards</e1> in my <e2>kitchen</e2>.
2Component-Whole(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: I find it hard to bend and reach and use the <e1>cupboards</e1> in my <e2>kitchen</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, ...
Component Whole e1,e2
The <e1>box</e1> contained an entire <e2>legacy</e2> of her life and the lives of those she had known and loved.
5Content-Container(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>box</e1> contained an entire <e2>legacy</e2> of her life and the lives of those she had known and loved. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, ...
Content Container e2,e1
The <e1>ancients</e1> cultivated the <e2>species</e2> Heracleum Sphondylium which is the parsnip a similar plant to carrots.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>ancients</e1> cultivated the <e2>species</e2> Heracleum Sphondylium which is the parsnip a similar plant to carrots. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Conta...
Other
This lamp causes serious skin burn and eye <e1>inflammation</e1> from shortwave ultraviolet <e2>radiation</e2> when outer envelope of the lamp is broken or punctured.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: This lamp causes serious skin burn and eye <e1>inflammation</e1> from shortwave ultraviolet <e2>radiation</e2> when outer envelope of the lamp is broken or punctured. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e...
Cause Effect e2,e1
In contrast, clay-textured soils are more difficult to prepare a <e1>canola</e1> <e2>seedbed</e2> because the clods can be too large when worked wet, and they tend to crust once worked to a fine seedbed.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: In contrast, clay-textured soils are more difficult to prepare a <e1>canola</e1> <e2>seedbed</e2> because the clods can be too large when worked wet, and they tend to crust once worked to a fine seedbed. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, ...
Other
We recommend rinsing your <e1>grater</e1> in warm <e2>water</e2> immediately after each use.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: We recommend rinsing your <e1>grater</e1> in warm <e2>water</e2> immediately after each use. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2...
Other
Virtually all hillside farmers grow maize during both seasons, and many of the <e1>farmers</e1> cultivate <e2>beans</e2>, rice, and other crops as well.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Virtually all hillside farmers grow maize during both seasons, and many of the <e1>farmers</e1> cultivate <e2>beans</e2>, rice, and other crops as well. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Componen...
Product Producer e2,e1
The cabin <e1>passengers</e1> composed the <e2>elite</e2>.
12Member-Collection(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The cabin <e1>passengers</e1> composed the <e2>elite</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e2, Ent...
Member Collection e1,e2
Genuine <e1>joy</e1> comes from profound spiritual <e2>awareness</e2> on life and an absolute clarity of direction, living for a purpose.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Genuine <e1>joy</e1> comes from profound spiritual <e2>awareness</e2> on life and an absolute clarity of direction, living for a purpose. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, ...
Cause Effect e2,e1
We repositioned ourselves and our events, thus attracting <e1>scientists</e1> from complementary <e2>disciplines</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: We repositioned ourselves and our events, thus attracting <e1>scientists</e1> from complementary <e2>disciplines</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e...
Entity Origin e1,e2
The <e1>detainee</e1> is kept in the <e2>cell</e2> 23.5 hours a day.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>detainee</e1> is kept in the <e2>cell</e2> 23.5 hours a day. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination ...
Other
They are taking the <e1>brains</e1> from <e2>babies</e2>.
2Component-Whole(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: They are taking the <e1>brains</e1> from <e2>babies</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e2, Enti...
Component Whole e1,e2
Seller adds taxes as a separate line item on the <e1>seller</e1>'s <e2>invoice</e2>, when applicable.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Seller adds taxes as a separate line item on the <e1>seller</e1>'s <e2>invoice</e2>, when applicable. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Con...
Product Producer e2,e1
Research shows that 30% to 40% of law students experience <e1>depression</e1> after their first <e2>semester</e2> and this depression persists throughout law school.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Research shows that 30% to 40% of law students experience <e1>depression</e1> after their first <e2>semester</e2> and this depression persists throughout law school. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1...
Other
The <e1>broadsword</e1> was used in some <e2>units</e2>, particularly Scottish regiments.
10Instrument-Agency(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>broadsword</e1> was used in some <e2>units</e2>, particularly Scottish regiments. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1...
Instrument Agency e1,e2
Each year over 2300 <e1>scientists</e1> from <e2>universities</e2>, industries and government labs perform research at the NSLS.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Each year over 2300 <e1>scientists</e1> from <e2>universities</e2>, industries and government labs perform research at the NSLS. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content C...
Entity Origin e1,e2
The findings clearly show a high level of <e1>satisfaction</e1> from <e2>customers</e2> using new cutting-edge retail technology that has led to higher sales.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The findings clearly show a high level of <e1>satisfaction</e1> from <e2>customers</e2> using new cutting-edge retail technology that has led to higher sales. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Co...
Other
She looked like Lauren Bacall in those days and dated a few of the <e1>engineers</e1> from the <e2>refinery</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: She looked like Lauren Bacall in those days and dated a few of the <e1>engineers</e1> from the <e2>refinery</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2,...
Entity Origin e1,e2
The <e1>experimenters</e1> designed the <e2>shape</e2> and size of the enlarged fiber ends so they don't experience the stresses that usually snap fibers and limit a short-fiber composite's performance.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>experimenters</e1> designed the <e2>shape</e2> and size of the enlarged fiber ends so they don't experience the stresses that usually snap fibers and limit a short-fiber composite's performance. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, C...
Other
Cuban <e1>ballplayers</e1> wield a bigger <e2>policy bat</e2>.
11Instrument-Agency(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Cuban <e1>ballplayers</e1> wield a bigger <e2>policy bat</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e2,...
Instrument Agency e2,e1
The <e1>light</e1> in the background is from the <e2>sunrise</e2>.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>light</e1> in the background is from the <e2>sunrise</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1...
Cause Effect e2,e1
However, the two <e1>brothers</e1> created the Glagolithic <e2>alphabet</e2>; it was their disciple Saint Climent who invented the simpler Cyrillic alphabet and named it in honor of his teacher.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: However, the two <e1>brothers</e1> created the Glagolithic <e2>alphabet</e2>; it was their disciple Saint Climent who invented the simpler Cyrillic alphabet and named it in honor of his teacher. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Eff...
Product Producer e2,e1
<e1>Chicken</e1> <e2>bouillon</e2> is obtained in three different forms, either liquid, powder or in cubes.
9Entity-Origin(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Chicken</e1> <e2>bouillon</e2> is obtained in three different forms, either liquid, powder or in cubes. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Conte...
Entity Origin e2,e1
<e1>Thieves</e1> used a <e2>blowtorch</e2> and bolt cutters to force their way through a fenced area topped with razor wire.
11Instrument-Agency(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: <e1>Thieves</e1> used a <e2>blowtorch</e2> and bolt cutters to force their way through a fenced area topped with razor wire. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Conta...
Instrument Agency e2,e1
The <e1>booby trap</e1> Puller stepped on was made with a <e2>howitzer shell</e2>.
3Component-Whole(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>booby trap</e1> Puller stepped on was made with a <e2>howitzer shell</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entit...
Component Whole e2,e1
The milled powder is then heated converting it into a <e1>vapour</e1> which is then carried in a <e2>stream</e2> of argon to be deposited on the wafer.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The milled powder is then heated converting it into a <e1>vapour</e1> which is then carried in a <e2>stream</e2> of argon to be deposited on the wafer. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component...
Other
The <e1>information</e1> on the recorded talks is kept in the <e2>database</e2>.
4Content-Container(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>information</e1> on the recorded talks is kept in the <e2>database</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity ...
Content Container e1,e2
About 2000 feet of <e1>passageways</e1> have been located inside the <e2>cave</e2>, and about half of that has been mapped.
2Component-Whole(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: About 2000 feet of <e1>passageways</e1> have been located inside the <e2>cave</e2>, and about half of that has been mapped. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Contai...
Component Whole e1,e2
The <e1>island</e1> was farmed for <e2>oats</e2> and barley until 1796 when the owner mandated that oak and alder trees be planted.
9Entity-Origin(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>island</e1> was farmed for <e2>oats</e2> and barley until 1796 when the owner mandated that oak and alder trees be planted. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Conten...
Entity Origin e2,e1
Because winter has been mild in much of the country, <e1>oil</e1> <e2>prices</e2> have been low for the past few months.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Because winter has been mild in much of the country, <e1>oil</e1> <e2>prices</e2> have been low for the past few months. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container...
Other
The <e1>watchmaker</e1> makes the <e2>watch</e2>, he winds it up, he sets it going, he is outside the process but he initiates the process, he sets the hands in motion.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>watchmaker</e1> makes the <e2>watch</e2>, he winds it up, he sets it going, he is outside the process but he initiates the process, he sets the hands in motion. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole...
Product Producer e2,e1
The <e1>introduction</e1> of the gas stove, the electric mixer and the food processor made the <e2>process</e2> easier, faster and more reliable.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The <e1>introduction</e1> of the gas stove, the electric mixer and the food processor made the <e2>process</e2> easier, faster and more reliable. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole...
Other
Our powered <e1>scissors</e1> effortlessly cut <e2>fabrics</e2>, gift wrap, vinyl and much more.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Our powered <e1>scissors</e1> effortlessly cut <e2>fabrics</e2>, gift wrap, vinyl and much more. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Containe...
Other
The volunteers enjoy a sense of satisfaction and personal <e1>fulfillment</e1> from <e2>helping</e2> others, and recent findings suggest that this feeling may well be a major reason why many people choose to volunteer.
1Cause-Effect(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The volunteers enjoy a sense of satisfaction and personal <e1>fulfillment</e1> from <e2>helping</e2> others, and recent findings suggest that this feeling may well be a major reason why many people choose to volunteer. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause...
Cause Effect e2,e1
The simulation <e1>study</e1> produces voluminous <e2>results</e2>, since there are two types of models, each with four different specifications and with two sample sizes involved.
18Other
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The simulation <e1>study</e1> produces voluminous <e2>results</e2>, since there are two types of models, each with four different specifications and with two sample sizes involved. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Com...
Other
Stadler agrees, stating that <e1>progress</e1> comes from unexpected <e2>sources</e2>.
8Entity-Origin(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Stadler agrees, stating that <e1>progress</e1> comes from unexpected <e2>sources</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, E...
Entity Origin e1,e2
Interestingly, the <e1>sink</e1> was inside the <e2>room</e2>.
2Component-Whole(e1,e2)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: Interestingly, the <e1>sink</e1> was inside the <e2>room</e2>. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component Whole e2,e1, Content Container e1,e2, Content Container e2,e1, Entity Destination e1,e2,...
Component Whole e1,e2
The glass dome from the beginning of the century is gorgeous, prices are reasonable, and the <e1>waiters</e1> provide a <e2>show</e2> worth watching.
17Product-Producer(e2,e1)
semantically nominals with options
Sentence: {{sentence}} Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as {{answer_choices[:-1]|join(", ")}} or {{answer_choices[-1]}}? ||| {{answer_choices[relation]}}
Sentence: The glass dome from the beginning of the century is gorgeous, prices are reasonable, and the <e1>waiters</e1> provide a <e2>show</e2> worth watching. Are the two nominals (nouns or noun phrases) in the sentence semantically related as Cause Effect e1,e2, Cause Effect e2,e1, Component Whole e1,e2, Component W...
Product Producer e2,e1