Datasets:

marin-community
/

stackexchange-markdown

Markdownified Stack Exchange transforms the Stack Exchange's question-answer pairs into Markdown format consisting of 20.4B tokens. This dataset preserves the content contained in technical discussions while organizing it into a thread format for language model training.

	Value
Tokens	20 413 785 853
Primary source	https://archive.org/details/stackexchange
File format	JSONL
License	CC (mirrors upstream SE licenses)

Processing and Cleaning Pipeline

Our conversion pipeline combines several sophisticated techniques to transform raw Wikipedia HTML into high-quality Markdown:

HTML Preprocessing: We start with the Stack Exachange Dump which provides XML representations of Posts
Structured Q&A Format Each thread is formatted with clear section headings:
- "# Question" with title and body
- "# Answer" for each response
- Vote counts are preserved next to each answer
- Tags are appended at the bottom with a separator
Template Variations
- Answer templates are randomly varied
- Vote counts may appear either before or after answer content
- This randomization is seeded deterministically based on the question ID
DOM Simplification: We employ a custom-enhanced version of Resiliparse that preserves semantic HTML structure. Rather than flattening to plain text, we retain important elements like headings, paragraphs, lists while removing scripts, tracking code, and boilerplate.
Markdown Conversion: Our custom Markdownify implementation transforms the simplified DOM into clean Markdown. The final output stores each article as a JSON object containing the Markdown text and essential metadata.

Template Structure

Each entry in the dataset contains a complete question-answer thread with: - Original question title - Question body in full Markdown - Multiple answers (when available) with vote counts - Original tags - Creation date - URL reference

Example template:

# Question
Title: What is the h-index exactly and how does it work?
What is the h-index, and how does it work ?

# Answer
The h-index is a measure of the impact of someone's publication list. An h-index of 10 for example means that the person has published 10 papers with at least 10 citations. The total number of papers published may be higher, but only 10 will have 10 or more citations.

Critics argue that this measure disadvantages young researchers who did not have time to publish a lot and whose work has not been published for long and thus may not have attracted many citations. Other criticisms include that it makes a researcher focus on how to increase the citation count for a paper that may be not that good but would increase the h-index.

For more explanation, see for example the Wikipedia article.
> 35 votes

---
Tags: bibliometrics, methodology, ranking
---

Usage Example

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset(
    "marin-community/stackexchange-markdown",
    split="train",
    streaming=True
)

for article in ds.take(3):
    print(article["text"])

Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite both the original Wikipedia contributors and our work:

@misc{markdownified_ar5iv_2024,
  title        = {Markdownified StackExchange},
  author       = {The Marin Community},
  year         = {2024},
  url          = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/marin-community/stackexchange-markdown}
}

License

All content inherits StackExachange's licensing: CC. Our conversion tools and pipeline are released under Apache 2.0.

Acknowledgement

We extend our gratitude to:

The Stack Exchange network and its many contributors
Janek Bevendorff for the Resiliparse project
Matthew Dapena-Tretter for Markdownify

Downloads last month: 280

Number of rows:

1,695,055

Estimated number of rows:

20,522,549

Total file size:

20.6 GB

Models trained or fine-tuned on marin-community/stackexchange-markdown

id stringlengths 8 14	url stringlengths 40 58	title stringlengths 2 150	date_created stringdate 2008-09-06 22:17:14 2024-03-31 23:12:03	text stringlengths 149 7.14M
thread-28	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/28	How to 3D print a bike?	2016-01-12T19:39:43.650	# Question Title: How to 3D print a bike? I've seen article about World's First 3D Printed Bike. What kind of printer is required to do that, briefly how long it takes and how much does it cost? Is this even achievable at home? Doesn't need to be that specific one. # Answer > 5 votes You will need a laser sintering o...
thread-38	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/38	Conversion of 3 mm ABS filament to 1.75 mm	2016-01-12T19:59:15.953	# Question Title: Conversion of 3 mm ABS filament to 1.75 mm I have a few kg of 3 mm filament when I only have use for 1.75 mm. How can I make 1.75 mm from 3 mm filament? # Answer In theory, making filament is easy. You take a 3 mm hotend with a 1.75 mm hole, and extrude the 3 mm (sometimes actually 2.85 mm) filament...
thread-33	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/33	How many times printed printer can print it-self?	2016-01-12T19:52:25.430	# Question Title: How many times printed printer can print it-self? There is a 3D desktop printer RepRap which can print most of its own components. Assuming each printed printer will print the next one and so on. Are there any limitation how many times this can be achieved? For example somebody printed for me printe...
thread-49	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/49	Are there any methods of limiting exposure of hazardous fumes and odors emitted by heating the plastics?	2016-01-12T20:16:38.260	# Question Title: Are there any methods of limiting exposure of hazardous fumes and odors emitted by heating the plastics? When using thermoplastic-filament, this can be potentially hazardous, since constant printing can emit hazardous fumes and odors that may be emitted by heating the plastics. I understand it normal...
thread-20	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/20	What are main differences between rafts, skirts and brims?	2016-01-12T19:30:45.060	# Question Title: What are main differences between rafts, skirts and brims? I would like to understand the differences between rafts, skirts and brims. They appear in the software which I'm using to edit my 3D objects. Can anybody elaborate what are these and what are the main differences between them? # Answer **Ra...
thread-70	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/70	My print is warping: how can I ensure that it cools evenly?	2016-01-12T21:00:36.337	# Question Title: My print is warping: how can I ensure that it cools evenly? My print is warping and I suspect it is because of uneven cooling. How can ensure my print cools evenly? Should I put a fan on the bed? Will no fan and a tall skirt help? Or are my edges curling up for another reason? # Answer > 4 votes Wi...
thread-16	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/16	Are there any ways to make a 3D print transparent?	2016-01-12T19:25:52.270	# Question Title: Are there any ways to make a 3D print transparent? I am aware of several "clear" filaments for a ABS or PLA printer. They, however, have a cloudy or frosted glass appearance. I do not believe this is possible to eliminate but I believe it can be reduced. Are there effective ways to make a print have ...
thread-103	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/103	Is it legal to make a fire weapon with a 3D printer?	2016-01-12T23:39:20.770	# Question Title: Is it legal to make a fire weapon with a 3D printer? Is there any regulation against a 3D printed weapon in the United States or Europe? Some time ago, I saw an article in Israel where they had one that was not detected by the x-ray and was fully functional! # Answer Sort of. Fully plastic guns...
thread-48	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/48	What are the reasons for my 3D prints having large numbers of strings between parts of a layer?	2016-01-12T20:16:01.823	# Question Title: What are the reasons for my 3D prints having large numbers of strings between parts of a layer? I am printing a print using PLA on a Prusa i3 printer and an MK8 extruder, at 210 degrees celsius, 60 mm/sec, sliced with slic3r. The print consists of a base, with 4 tower-like projections that then join w...
thread-54	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/54	What is the best way to connect 3D printed parts?	2016-01-12T20:24:44.003	# Question Title: What is the best way to connect 3D printed parts? I want to print a model of an animal cell. What I have so far: I managed to use different colors to print out the different parts of the cell. My question is: what is the best way to connect plastic 3d printed parts? Glue? Melted plastic? I need i...
thread-84	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/84	Does filament have to be stored in an airtight environment?	2016-01-12T21:57:01.307	# Question Title: Does filament have to be stored in an airtight environment? For standard ABS and PLA filament, most distributors recommend storing the filament in an airtight bag. Does not doing this actually make print quality worse? I have left mine in the open for a year and have had no noticeable problems. # Ans...
thread-150	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/150	Which are the strongest and most durable materials?	2016-01-13T06:38:38.630	# Question Title: Which are the strongest and most durable materials? I am working on a robotics project and need to print some gears. These will probably by under a LOT of pressure. Which material/filament should I choose so that the gears don't wear off easily? PS: Newbie here... EDIT: According to my instuctor...
thread-134	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/134	What are the benefits to using 128X microstepping drivers on the X and Y axis of a FFF printer?	2016-01-13T02:39:47.150	# Question Title: What are the benefits to using 128X microstepping drivers on the X and Y axis of a FFF printer? Assuming you have a high quality printer with a fast processor, will you see a noticeable improvement by upgrading from 16X/32X microstepping drivers to 64X/128X microstepping drivers? (e.g. smoother surfac...
thread-140	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/140	Do stepper motors require any maintenance?	2016-01-13T04:14:31.923	# Question Title: Do stepper motors require any maintenance? I've had my printer for almost a year now. Is there something I should be doing to maintain the motors? # Answer The stepper motor itself does not. You may want to inspect the motors for debris or dust. Depending on your configuration you may want to check...
thread-164	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/164	Can I print my own Lego bricks?	2016-01-13T12:25:55.097	# Question Title: Can I print my own Lego bricks? Assuming I've 3D design (or I've created one) which looks very similar to Lego bricks, I am allowed to 3D print them for my personal use? Do I need to obtain some permission to do so, because of some patents? Or how does it work? # Answer > 10 votes The patents that c...
thread-168	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/168	I've exported 3D models from the game, can I print them?	2016-01-13T12:36:34.530	# Question Title: I've exported 3D models from the game, can I print them? Assuming I've extracted 3D models from a game which I legally bought (such as StarCraft). I am allowed to 3D print them for personal use or give it to close friends? Is there any general rule, or this suppose to be specified in the license? If ...
thread-2	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/2	Is 3D printing safe for your health?	2016-01-12T18:45:51.287	# Question Title: Is 3D printing safe for your health? I would like to buy a 3D printer, but I'm concerned about the health risks that are associated with its operation. Some groups of scientists say it can be harmful for humans. What do I need to consider before buying a 3D printer if I care about my health? Are ther...
thread-172	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/172	Printing copyrighted objects as a print shop for a customer	2016-01-13T12:57:34.693	# Question Title: Printing copyrighted objects as a print shop for a customer If a person is running a print shop where there are given STL files by customers, and they print the part for them, does the legality of the printed object matter? The customer would be supplying the file so the print shop would not know if i...
thread-171	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/171	How to print edible food?	2016-01-13T12:52:32.577	# Question Title: How to print edible food? I would like to print edible cookies or ornamentation for a cake. Is printing with edible materials achievable by standard thermoplastic-like 3D desktop printer? Or you need to buy a special printer to do that? # Answer > 7 votes You cannot print edible models using a "stan...
thread-181	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/181	Can you use PLA material with food and drinks?	2016-01-13T14:12:10.063	# Question Title: Can you use PLA material with food and drinks? I would like to print fancy plastic cutlery sets or plastic glasses. Is it safe to do it? Or bad for your health, if so, why? # Answer > 6 votes As others have pointed out, PLA isn't specifically not food safe, but materials that have been printed previ...
thread-149	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/149	What can cause a sudden and dramatic loss in the inter-layer registration of my prints?	2016-01-13T06:35:47.820	# Question Title: What can cause a sudden and dramatic loss in the inter-layer registration of my prints? Suddenly, my printer has started producing prints that have a very pronounced layering. Normally, the alignment between layers is very good, and the prints look very smooth. Suddenly, the prints have become much wo...
thread-229	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/229	How do I set the G-code buffer size on Marlin?	2016-01-13T23:34:03.707	# Question Title: How do I set the G-code buffer size on Marlin? I am reconfiguring a Printrbot Simple Metal that has been retrofitted with a RAMPS+Arduino Mega running Marlin, with a fairly slow feedrate due to mechanical and quality limitations. I am finding that upon cancelling a print where something goes wrong, I...
thread-211	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/211	What material can I use to make my own cake molds?	2016-01-13T20:41:04.500	# Question Title: What material can I use to make my own cake molds? I would like to make custom cake molds. I've asked about this in a few stores that specialize in cooking equipment, they said this wasn't possible. I wonder if 3D printing makes it possible. It would require a material that is food-safe, as per Wh...
thread-242	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/242	Marlin menu navigation slow while printing	2016-01-14T06:54:46.547	# Question Title: Marlin menu navigation slow while printing My Kossel Mini printer (delta) has RAMPS1.4/Arduino Mega electronics configured to use a standard 20x4 LCD display with Marlin during printing. Often, navigating the menus during print can be painfully slow, and I occasionally end up making the wrong selecti...
thread-259	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/259	Does the material a bed is made out of affect the cooling time of a part?	2016-01-15T01:07:58.893	# Question Title: Does the material a bed is made out of affect the cooling time of a part? Let's say I print a part out of ABS and wait for it to cool. I could theoretically do this with several copies of the same printer, modified to use print beds of different compositions. Will the material a bed is made out of af...
thread-269	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/269	Can 1.75 mm filament be used in a printer that takes 3 mm filament?	2016-01-15T13:05:05.660	# Question Title: Can 1.75 mm filament be used in a printer that takes 3 mm filament? As an extension from this question, is there any reason that you would not be able to use 1.75 mm filament in a printer that takes 3mm filament? I know you would have to change the filament size in the slicing of prints but would ther...
thread-81	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/81	Safety precautions when using acetone	2016-01-12T21:50:45.197	# Question Title: Safety precautions when using acetone Acetone can be used to smooth ABS prints. What safety precautions should be taken during its use? # Answer There are a few main safety precautions you should consider. * Make sure the area is well-ventilated. Acetone is flammable. A buildup of acetone gas co...
thread-279	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/279	Is packing multiple prints into the build volume a feasible workflow for powderbed printers?	2016-01-16T00:11:52.217	# Question Title: Is packing multiple prints into the build volume a feasible workflow for powderbed printers? With printers, the 3D object that should be printed can be positioned anywhere in the build volume. But it's only practical to place it on the bottom, because otherwise support material would be necessary. st...
thread-284	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/284	Applying Kapton Tape To Bed Plate	2016-01-16T05:15:54.453	# Question Title: Applying Kapton Tape To Bed Plate There must be a trick to doing a good job of applying Kapton tape on a printer bed plate… We built a Bukobot and even with a great deal of care ended up with bubbles under the tape and occasional overlaps. I'd appreciate any pointers. # Answer Try using a solution m...
thread-294	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/294	How is a J-Head Extruder Head attached to the Prusa i3 rework?	2016-01-16T13:28:24.050	# Question Title: How is a J-Head Extruder Head attached to the Prusa i3 rework? I am building a Prusa i3 Rework, and I haven't been able to find out how to attach my J-Head extruder (see below), at the moment it's just kind of held there by pressure, but it seems there are two holes on ether side of it; not sure if th...
thread-297	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/297	What are the other materials which can be used in DLP Printing, other than polymers?	2016-01-16T14:53:08.413	# Question Title: What are the other materials which can be used in DLP Printing, other than polymers? I know that melted polymers are used for DLP (digital light processing) printing, by displaying the model onto the liquid material, which is the melted polymer. But, can I use materials like steel, carbon fiber, etc?...
thread-296	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/296	Are these the right types of electrical connectors for hooking my Switching Power Supply up to a wall outlet?	2016-01-16T14:40:27.247	# Question Title: Are these the right types of electrical connectors for hooking my Switching Power Supply up to a wall outlet? From what I understand, when you hook up the Switching Power Supply 12v Dc 30a 360w to the wall outlet, you have to be very careful; careful not to get the wires mixed up; careful not to h...
thread-132	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/132	How can I set the 1st layer after a raft in Slic3r to print at 1st layer speed	2016-01-13T02:13:54.357	# Question Title: How can I set the 1st layer after a raft in Slic3r to print at 1st layer speed When you add a raft in Slic3r, the first layer of the raft prints at the first layer speed. After the raft is finished, the first layer of the print prints at the standard speed. How can I make the first layer of the actual...
thread-208	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/208	What is the life expectancy of the Kossel?	2016-01-13T20:02:02.020	# Question Title: What is the life expectancy of the Kossel? I'm considering buying this package, the Kossel, as my first 3D printer. It's not the cheapest model, but apparently a high resolution and stable, which is what I'm after. The question is, what is the life expectancy of this printer, given the component li...
thread-309	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/309	My endstops have 4 female plugs, but the examples on the RepRap Prusa i3 Site have 3; what are each of them for?	2016-01-17T01:23:41.323	# Question Title: My endstops have 4 female plugs, but the examples on the RepRap Prusa i3 Site have 3; what are each of them for? The Sainsmart Endstops I picked up are different from the ones described in the RepRap Prusa i3 Rework electronics assembly wiki; they have 4 female plugs that go into the RAMPS 1.4 board i...
thread-313	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/313	Holes/ missing layers (after retraction) in 3d printed objects	2016-01-17T13:27:51.030	# Question Title: Holes/ missing layers (after retraction) in 3d printed objects My printed objects have horizontal holes in them (as seen I the picture below): This doesn't only look bad it also makes the object break at the seems. Looking carefully at the printing process I can see that after a retraction there's ...
thread-326	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/326	Understand and developing firmware - IDE help	2016-01-18T16:16:23.127	# Question Title: Understand and developing firmware - IDE help Lately I've been working on tweaking firmware to fix functions on my printer. A few of my biggest issues are lack of understanding of C and finding out how the multiple cpp and h files are linked. Most of what I am doing is easy enough to do with copy and ...
thread-329	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/329	Installing E3D v6 extruder electronics on Ultimaker Original+	2016-01-19T00:13:36.493	# Question Title: Installing E3D v6 extruder electronics on Ultimaker Original+ I printed the mechanical parts to mount a E3D v6 on my Ultimaker Original+. But I don't know how to connect my heating cartridge, my thermistor and my 3 fans to the electronic board. Any idea? Edit: I should have said I'm using the followi...
thread-35	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/35	Printing Plastic Replacement Parts	2016-01-12T19:57:20.273	# Question Title: Printing Plastic Replacement Parts On a number of occasions I've broken small plastic parts that are nearly impossible to replace but could easily be 3-D printed. The latest such mishap is the volume knob on the factory-installed radio on my car. I have little experience in 3D printing, and would li...
thread-319	https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/319	How to smooth the surface of parts printed with Co-polyester (PET) filament	2016-01-18T10:29:58.050	# Question Title: How to smooth the surface of parts printed with Co-polyester (PET) filament Are there any techniques for getting a smooth finish for parts printed with co-polyester (PET) filaments? More specifically, I am looking for an alternative that does not roughen the look of the part - such as using sandpaper ...