Datasets:

mariobench2026
/

MaRiO

id int64	skill string	question string	choices list	ground_truth string	image_paths list	num_agents int32	image_3 image
983	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, but the images were captured at different times. Environmental conditions (such as lighting, object st...	[ "5 unique frames", "3 unique frames", "2 unique frames", "4 unique frames" ]	3 unique frames	[ "tXxFVyc0.png", "vibaXKfY.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
81	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Both agents equally", "Agent 1", "Cannot be determined", "Agent 2" ]	Agent 1	[ "Dz4rwhr0.png", "KkAzsMfR.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,211	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Position Semantics are defined as follows: 'Ahe...	[ "A microwave", "An oven", "A barstool", "A pool" ]	A pool	[ "57jhwOny.png", "TEbjWEYQ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
918	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Yes (the obstacle is a hanging pendant light)", "No (there are no obstacles)", "Yes (the obstacle is a kitchen island)", "Yes (the obstacle is a dining chair)" ]	Yes (the obstacle is a kitchen island)	[ "JZalejd6.png", "R4n922QT.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,039	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to a window", "Neither agents observe a lamp with a window" ]	Agent 2	[ "L5lzmcTo.png", "ePncBCIx.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,474	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Move forward and turn slightly to the right", "Move forward", "Move right and turn slightly to the left", "Move left and turn slightly to the right" ]	Move forward	[ "LOjTH6Tc.png", "ToPwhcrp.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,239	distance_awareness	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Both a...	[ "It will move closer to Agent 2 but further from Agent 3", "It will move further from Agent 2 but closer to Agent 3", "It will move closer to both agents", "It will move further from both agents" ]	It will move further from both agents	[ "RdrqmkM1.png", "hmDB65a4.png", "1SYUSZ48.png" ]	3
2,425	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal directions will be boun...	[ "Northeast", "Northwest", "Southeast", "Southwest" ]	Southeast	[ "sh2bS7a9.png", "UnFBB9t1.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,623	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn left, move forward", "Turn slightly right, move backwards", "Move forward, turn slightly right", "Move forward, turn slightly left" ]	Turn left, move forward	[ "b1mUJTsU.png", "fMNkHhS8.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
423	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Import...	[ "Agent 2 and Agent 3", "All three agents (Agents 1, 2, and 3)", "Agent 1 and Agent 2", "Agent 1 and Agent 3" ]	Agent 2 and Agent 3	[ "LJbarHTE.png", "qbVxhNhr.png", "sJChXSQv.png" ]	3
2,373	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within what could be the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal direction...	[ "North", "South", "East", "It is impossible to tell because the agents are not operating in the same scene" ]	It is impossible to tell because the agents are not operating in the same scene	[ "IW2J64IT.png", "uSglCjZM.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
511	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn around", "Turn left", "Turn right", "Move forward" ]	Turn around	[ "D4mKyTLE.png", "mLr1bb60.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,802	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Turn right, move forward, turn left", "Turn right, move left, turn left", "Move forward, turn right, move forward", "Turn right, move forward, turn right" ]	Turn right, move forward, turn right	[ "oJbFRWiP.png", "3Y6OxUyA.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,648	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Import...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "Both agents", "No agent can reach Agent 3 using that action" ]	Agent 1	[ "7hDk0NYM.png", "wBLHx6vx.png", "OjvsBaDd.png" ]	3
1,644	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Import...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "Both agents", "No agent can reach Agent 3 using that action" ]	Agent 2	[ "NAG43Rnk.png", "8hmap5Cy.png", "lpQqQkHW.png" ]	3
18	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1 (the red refrigerator)", "Neither agent", "Agent 2 (the red trash can)", "Both agents" ]	Agent 2 (the red trash can)	[ "RS1N9q4k.png", "W93vUPFb.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
898	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Moving closer to Agent 1", "Moving farther from Agent 1", "Moving to the left of Agent 1", "Moving to the right of Agent 1" ]	Moving closer to Agent 1	[ "Sc0f1a6d.png", "LS3IZXix.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,758	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Move forward, move right, move forward", "Move forward, turn right, move forward", "Move forward, turn left, move forward", "Move backward, turn left, move backward" ]	Move forward, turn left, move forward	[ "jEjuT8Ub.png", "lUClSXHn.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,771	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn right, move forward, turn left", "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn left , move forward, turn left", "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn left, move forward, turn right", "Turn slightly right, move forward, turn left, move forward, turn right" ]	Turn slightly left, move forward, turn left, move forward, turn right	[ "L79d9xdU.png", "5IABuMmS.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
215	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Move forward, rounding the table", "Turn right, then move forward toward the bookshelf", "Turn left, then move forward past the sofa", "Move backward, then turn around near the rug" ]	Move forward, rounding the table	[ "KWLgqClZ.png", "GnHd6QbD.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,002	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume...	[ "Turn around, move left", "Turn around, move right", "Move backward", "Turn around, move forward" ]	Turn around, move forward	[ "jcjh63Zi.png", "wI417dU8.png", "8JtaMbxo.png" ]	3
2,871	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume...	[ "Turn slightly right, move backward, turn left", "Turn slightly right, move forward, turn left", "Turn slightly right, move backward, turn right", "Turn slightly right, move backward" ]	Turn slightly right, move backward, turn left	[ "2hyxSmDb.png", "gGJiXZEF.png", "1AYpjaIC.png" ]	3
29	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, but the images were captured at different times. Environmental conditions (such as lighting, object st...	[ "Cannot be determined", "Agent 2", "Agent 1", "Both agents equally" ]	Agent 1	[ "GMekrmbT.png", "q6frB4Fo.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,151	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Position Semantics are defined as follows: 'Ahe...	[ "a bathroom sink", "a showerhead", "a coffee pot", "a mirror" ]	a mirror	[ "D5pyqIyZ.png", "6zdED3JZ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
71	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Both agents", "Agent 2", "Neither agent", "Agent 1" ]	Agent 1	[ "2g61FQd7.png", "2kai9bo3.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,167	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Both agents are at the same height unless menti...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the fireplace", "Neither agent observes a fireplace so it is impossible to tell" ]	Neither agent observes a fireplace so it is impossible to tell	[ "1WE9oBOD.png", "cX6dztiz.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,862	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume...	[ "Turn right, move forward, turn right, move forward", "Turn left, move forward, turn right, move forward", "Turn left, move forward, turn left, move forward", "Turn left, move left, turn right, move forward" ]	Turn left, move forward, turn right, move forward	[ "uuyLiKIM.png", "nfhauYY2.png", "LuS83VVE.png" ]	3
3,056	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. 'Fully occluded' means the object cannot be see...	[ "0", "1", "2", "3" ]	1	[ "OxIggDLL.png", "giLRxxqJ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,134	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents that are operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings. The images were additionally captured at exactly the same time. Both agents are at the same heigh...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "Impossible to tell. Neither agent observes a refrigerator", "Both agents are equally close to the refrigerator" ]	Agent 1	[ "9Pxu75NW.png", "j9cFsnpw.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,319	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal directions will be boun...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "neither", "both" ]	neither	[ "6ZJcRHWa.png", "hsHrXzE3.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,114	occlusion_visibility	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. 'Fully...	[ "A bathroom sink", "A guitar", "A bed", "A towel" ]	A guitar	[ "rblERicI.png", "v4kHO7oc.png", "O6hS2T1E.png" ]	3
2,069	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "a bathroom sink", "a small horse statue", "a painting", "a mirror" ]	a small horse statue	[ "uiNh1lHJ.png", "nE23RYH2.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
740	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "No (there are no obstacles)", "Yes (the obstacle is a nightstand)", "Yes (the obstacle is a coffee table)", "Yes (the obstacle is the bed)" ]	Yes (the obstacle is a coffee table)	[ "5LS9H56e.png", "ak8DWF42.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,244	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "North", "East", "South", "West" ]	North	[ "G28VmhkK.png", "PhYFWrd0.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,404	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 2 moves to the north in Agent 1's reference frame", "Agent 2 moves to the south in Agent 1's reference frame", "Agent 2 moves to the west in Agent 1's reference frame", "Agent 2 moves to the east in Agent 1's reference frame" ]	Agent 2 moves to the north in Agent 1's reference frame	[ "3Yo8yszE.png", "uUF9zCUH.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,247	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	East	[ "VzToJc1i.png", "NxZ6xw8x.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,046	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Directly in front of Agent 2", "Directly behind Agent 2", "To the left of Agent 2", "To the right of Agent 2" ]	Directly in front of Agent 2	[ "WcHaeew6.png", "tQmJ0tTs.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
243	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Stair railings", "Large sliding glass doors", "Bookshelves", "Coffee tables" ]	Bookshelves	[ "wJcJotXL.png", "I2LRrQmY.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,079	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the given object", "Neither agent observes the given object" ]	Agent 2	[ "L1LWskiB.png", "afzDNfuP.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,834	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "Both agents", "Neither agent observes a television" ]	Both agents	[ "aowbxdC8.png", "K0ICgPd3.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,201	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Both agents are at the same height unless menti...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the pool table", "Neither agent observes a pool table so it is impossible to tell" ]	Agent 2	[ "oDad8c6d.png", "7QaXAHkL.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,894	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "A refrigerator", "A glass dining rooim table", "A window", "A dressing table" ]	A dressing table	[ "65RNNQBv.png", "OMxWtOPQ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
179	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, but the images were captured at different times. Environmental conditions (such as lighting, object st...	[ "Both agents equally", "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "Cannot be determined" ]	Agent 1	[ "2pMMf0sT.png", "TtEKI0yu.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
558	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, but the images were captured at different times. Environmental conditions (such as lighting, object st...	[ "Agent 2", "Agent 1", "Cannot be determined from the viewpoints", "Both agents are to the left of each other" ]	Agent 1	[ "THsTbDwc.png", "hXb1oe3J.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,208	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Position Semantics are defined as follows: 'Ahe...	[ "Another lamp", "A couch", "A microwave", "A staircase" ]	A couch	[ "DwyZZQxg.png", "LFWWm05Q.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,915	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume...	[ "Turn right, move forward", "Turn left, move forward", "Turn around, move forward", "Turn left, move backward" ]	Turn right, move forward	[ "gR7URYh8.png", "MkQevUjo.png", "A6YSOyKp.png" ]	3
2,779	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Turn slightly left, move right, move backwards", "Turn slightly left, move right, move forward, move slightly right", "Turn slightly left, move left, move forward, turn slightly left", "Turn slightly left, move right, move forward, turn slightly left" ]	Turn slightly left, move right, move forward, turn slightly left	[ "Xaqt7GIg.png", "zoP1UIrr.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
79	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Both agents equally", "Agent 2", "Cannot be determined" ]	Agent 1	[ "aEnoDkUe.png", "UeTM1F1Q.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,527	egocentric_motion	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In thi...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	South	[ "W77rApCY.png", "ySwBxe2y.png", "MPmUCyrm.png" ]	3
1,430	egocentric_motion	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Import...	[ "Agent 3", "Agent 2", "Both Agents", "No agent would interpret Agent 1 as facing west" ]	Agent 3	[ "kR3nzdsP.png", "m6sPxpRK.png", "5ClV6wnz.png" ]	3
1,672	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "1", "2", "3", "4" ]	2	[ "R3KNTgip.png", "JQamckbI.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
684	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "No (there are no obstacles in the direct path)", "Yes (the obstacle is a chair)", "Yes (the obstacle is a floor lamp)", "Yes (the obstacle is a table)" ]	Yes (the obstacle is a table)	[ "6xConc4J.png", "tsikLJlT.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,363	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal directions will be boun...	[ "North", "West", "East", "South" ]	South	[ "yh6zio1x.png", "nvZan4ub.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,680	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Move backward, then turn left, then move forward", "Move backward, then turn right, then move forward", "Move forward, then turn right, then move backward", "Move forward, then turn left, then move backward" ]	Move backward, then turn right, then move forward	[ "lZL09Dxh.png", "QwyvKJte.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,146	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the given object", "Neither agent observes the given object" ]	Agent 2	[ "5NjmaKP6.png", "ijt0qccQ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,141	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the given object", "Neither agent observes the given object" ]	Agent 1	[ "6yu5D3m7.png", "DCx24e6I.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,514	egocentric_motion	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In thi...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	East	[ "vys5fyk9.png", "KJEgViYI.png", "XrSbrw1p.png" ]	3
2,389	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal directions will be boun...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	East	[ "GWPsJmUt.jpg", "N4R2cwPm.jpg" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
311	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Cannot be determined", "Agent 2", "Agent 1", "Both agents equally" ]	Agent 1	[ "l395qGHh.png", "jUiv7cUN.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,534	egocentric_motion	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In thi...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	West	[ "uGTGjRtG.png", "jpSKNEFm.png", "co9gMO6Y.png" ]	3
2,920	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume...	[ "Move backward, move left, move forward", "Move backward, move left, move backward, turn slightly left", "Move backward, move left, move backward, turn around", "Move backward, move left, move backward, turn slightly right" ]	Move backward, move left, move backward, turn slightly right	[ "WA8IGOCp.png", "4AZXLWes.png", "0spfcjue.png" ]	3
1,470	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn left, move forward, turn right", "Turn slightly right, move forward, turn left, move forward", "Turn left, move forward, move left", "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn right, move forward" ]	Turn slightly right, move forward, turn left, move forward	[ "sDYeAPuM.png", "wgMpko3M.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
159	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 2", "Both agents", "Agent 1", "Neither agent" ]	Agent 2	[ "Hgxdbmic.png", "EW8JO6dg.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,543	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn slightly left, move backwards", "Turn slightly right, move backwards", "Move forward, turn slightly right", "Move forward, turn left 90 degrees" ]	Move forward, turn left 90 degrees	[ "SP4EwECD.png", "9OR6oCdB.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,947	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Behind Agent 1", "To the left of Agent 1", "In front of Agent 1", "To the right of Agent 1" ]	In front of Agent 1	[ "DX8d6krd.png", "1Aij23JL.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
406	navigation	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, but the images were captured at different times. Environmenta...	[ "Turn left, move forward, then turn right", "Move forward, then turn left, then move slightly right", "Move slightly left, move forward, then turn right", "Move slightly right, move forward, then turn left" ]	Move slightly right, move forward, then turn left	[ "BpQt7izq.png", "zkZIKjGd.png", "dr5oO8d4.png" ]	3
2,468	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal directions will be boun...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	North	[ "HMSo0X36.png", "I8qatxir.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
517	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn around", "Turn left", "Turn right", "Keep facing forward" ]	Turn left	[ "4hEANWn7.png", "tqGdZcmH.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,690	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "A pool", "A beach chair", "A television", "A tree" ]	A beach chair	[ "LV6D3hpQ.png", "nf7WyJp1.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,358	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	West	[ "T2E7z8vk.png", "qhunK0WS.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
397	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn right, then move backward", "Turn left, then move forward", "Turn around, then move forward", "Turn right, then move forward" ]	Turn right, then move forward	[ "jMwqDd7Z.png", "M8mvgKUG.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
610	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Moving toward Agent 2", "Moving away from Agent 2", "Moving to the right of Agent 2", "Moving to the left of Agent 2" ]	Moving toward Agent 2	[ "gkToSEu3.png", "tKWl1yg6.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,045	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the television", "Neither agent observes a television" ]	Agent 1	[ "PXco78K1.png", "HgTZuHrI.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,113	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Both agents are at the same height unless menti...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "the distance to a dining room chair is the same for both agents", "there isn't a dining room chair in either image" ]	Agent 2	[ "OfOFibTm.png", "yZfGo3s0.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,491	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Move forward, turn right", "turn left, move forward, turn right", "Move backwards, turn right", "turn left, move forward, turn left" ]	turn left, move forward, turn right	[ "mW9Hun6E.png", "ozW7iU8E.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,814	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn slightly left, move forward", "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn slightly right, move forward, turn around", "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn slightly left, move forward, turn around", "Move forward, turn around" ]	Turn slightly left, move forward, turn slightly left, move forward, turn around	[ "VJsJ7rPc.png", "nWWQSODz.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,799	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Move backwards, turn left, move forward up the stairs", "Move backwards, turn right, move forward up the stairs", "Move forward, turn left, move forward up the stairs", "Move forward, turn right, move forward up the stairs" ]	Move backwards, turn left, move forward up the stairs	[ "WNgR2fQH.png", "gHTHU4Fd.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
130	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "The bookshelf", "The nightstand", "The bed", "The closet" ]	The closet	[ "X0Wn7zer.png", "bw1SIHAr.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,748	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "A bedside table", "A bed", "A chair", "A bathtub" ]	A bed	[ "e8aAwpOT.png", "OZaFtUcC.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,224	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Position Semantics are defined as follows: 'Ahe...	[ "A toilet", "Another bathtub", "A bathroom sink", "A mattress" ]	A bathroom sink	[ "j2usGee1.png", "Zo6OZVkJ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,265	distance_awareness	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Both a...	[ "It will move closer to Agent 2 but further from Agent 3", "It will move further from Agent 2 but closer to Agent 3", "It will move closer to both agents", "It will move further from both agents" ]	It will move further from Agent 2 but closer to Agent 3	[ "mGP2168b.png", "8w7eIYEH.png", "BvbCORM0.png" ]	3
2,794	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Assume that the camera is fixed to the front of...	[ "Move forward, turn left , move forward", "Move forward, turn right, move forward", "Move forward, turn left, move forward, turn right", "Move forward, turn right, move backward" ]	Move forward, turn right, move forward	[ "XYbJRehz.png", "bWflEwdv.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,748	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 2 is completely visible in Agent 1's view", "Agent 2 is not at all visible in Agent 1's view", "Not possible; agents are not operating in the same scene.", "Agent 2 is only partially visible in Agent 1's view" ]	Agent 2 is completely visible in Agent 1's view	[ "jmDo9JTK.png", "zQsGZR5o.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,158	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Position Semantics are defined as follows: 'Ahe...	[ "To the trash can's left", "To the trash can's right", "In front of the trash can", "Behind the trash can" ]	To the trash can's left	[ "j6O65t06.png", "On2MhvbT.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
482	relative_agents	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Import...	[ "Agent 2", "Agent 3", "Both Agents 1 and 2", "Agent 1" ]	Agent 1	[ "c1EhVwl8.png", "cDdSej4Z.png", "fr1AnzjG.png" ]	3
1,071	distance_awareness	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "The agents are equally close to the potted plant", "Neither agent observes a potted plant so it is impossible to tell" ]	Agent 1	[ "mSTUCOQ7.png", "wg6zMh1L.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,241	relative_agents	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Positi...	[ "A washing machine", "A computer", "A microwave", "A television" ]	A microwave	[ "LooQodLo.png", "5CWbA9VC.png", "QrRzwzAQ.png" ]	3
1,387	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	East	[ "qxZw4saq.png", "5D2D3ve8.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
948	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "3 unique green armchairs", "1 unique green armchair", "4 unique green armchairs", "2 unique green armchairs" ]	2 unique green armchairs	[ "RUKAeCkn.png", "bihbJG6N.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
251	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "A gray sofa", "A staircase", "A wooden sideboard cabinet", "A gray armchair" ]	A staircase	[ "c39osykO.png", "6nHyHZWJ.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,468	navigation	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn right", "Turn slightly left, move forward", "Turn slightly left, move forward, turn 90 degrees to the left", "Turn slightly right, move forward, turn around" ]	Turn slightly left, move forward, turn right	[ "tfeg0rhy.png", "bQH4oGn6.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,552	egocentric_motion	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In thi...	[ "North", "East", "West", "South" ]	West	[ "iiYbPIhx.png", "IWGVkVUV.png", "64CD2WXg.png" ]	3
1,861	occlusion_visibility	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "A brown sofa", "A staircase", "A television", "A bathroom sink" ]	A television	[ "oKgDOKEn.png", "3Q0QCOCt.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
752	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, but the images were captured at different times. Environmental conditions (such as lighting, object st...	[ "Moving to the right", "Moving away from Agent 1", "Moving toward Agent 1", "Moving to the left" ]	Moving to the left	[ "vibaXKfY.png", "tXxFVyc0.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
2,376	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. In this scene, cardinal directions will be boun...	[ "North", "South", "East", "West" ]	North	[ "vKmRghVg.png", "ZJJRp9CL.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
1,434	egocentric_motion	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Import...	[ "Agent 1", "Agent 2", "Both Agents", "No agent would interpret Agent 1 as facing west" ]	Agent 2	[ "7hDk0NYM.png", "wBLHx6vx.png", "OjvsBaDd.png" ]	3
3,256	relative_agents	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Positi...	[ "A bathroom", "A kitchen", "A closet", "A bedroom" ]	A bedroom	[ "KWtebqIV.png", "7bn3Bxsz.png", "JIV82idn.png" ]	3
1,374	egocentric_motion	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "North", "West", "East", "South" ]	East	[ "7TQjuNY7.png", "WXc3n68u.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet
3,265	relative_agents	There are 3 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, the second image was captured by agent 2, and the third image was captured by agent 3. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Positi...	[ "A television", "A bed", "A clothing dresser", "A chair" ]	A chair	[ "rI8g7544.png", "ez7SbFTZ.png", "a1Kc9jqT.png" ]	3
2,057	relative_agents	There are 2 agents operating within the same scene. The first image was captured by agent 1, and the second image was captured by agent 2. The images were captured by a camera with exactly the same intrinsic settings, and the images were captured at exactly the same time. Important: Agents do not appear in each other's...	[ "A refrigerator", "A glass door", "A chair", "A dressing table" ]	A glass door	[ "Hl4GCG0J.png", "BakACKYP.png" ]	2	Not supported with pagination yet

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MaRiO: Multi-agent Collaborative Reasoning via Shared Observations

MaRiO evaluates multimodal large language models (MLLMs) on multi-agent collaborative reasoning: tasks where multiple agents observe the same 3D environment from independent egocentric viewpoints, with no shared camera poses, coordinate frames, or scene geometry. Models must establish cross-agent correspondences before inferring spatial and geometric relationships.

The benchmark contains 3,255 multiple-choice QA samples across 1,680 unique collaborative observation sets (1,371 two-agent and 309 three-agent), with a total of 3,425 unique egocentric observations.

Tasks

MaRiO covers five reasoning categories grouped under two types:

Spatial Perception

Occlusion: viewpoint-dependent visibility and object enumeration under partial occlusion.
Relative Position: inferring relative agent positions and orientations.

Geometric Perception

Egocentric Motion: orientation under reference-frame transformations.
Navigation: sequential state updates through compositions of translational and rotational actions.
Distance Awareness: qualitative depth and proximity estimation from an egocentric viewpoint.

Dataset Structure

Fields

Field	Type	Description
`id`	int64	sample id
`skill`	string	reasoning category (see mapping below)
`question`	string	full question text including category-specific setup
`choices`	list[str]	4 MCQ options
`ground_truth`	string	correct option
`image_paths`	list[str]	original image filenames, in agent order
`num_agents`	int32	2 or 3
`image_1`	image	agent 1's egocentric view (always present)
`image_2`	image	agent 2's egocentric view (always present)
`image_3`	image \| null	agent 3's view if `num_agents == 3`, else null

Skill label mapping

The skill field uses internal identifiers that differ slightly from the paper's display names:

`skill` value	Paper display name
`distance_awareness`	Distance Awareness
`egocentric_motion`	Egocentric Motion
`navigation`	Navigation
`occlusion_visibility`	Occlusion
`relative_agents`	Relative Position

Splits and counts

This is an evaluation-only benchmark with a single test split of 3,255 samples. There is no train/validation split and no private hold-out.

By reasoning category:

Category	Samples
Distance Awareness	623
Egocentric Motion	764
Navigation	873
Occlusion	405
Relative Position	590
All	3,255

By agent count:

Configuration	Samples
2-agent	2,590
3-agent	665
All	3,255

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("mariobench2026/MaRiO", split="test")
sample = ds[0]
print(sample["question"])
print("Choices:", sample["choices"])
print("Ground truth:", sample["ground_truth"])

# Read only the images that exist for this sample.
images = [sample[f"image_{i}"] for i in range(1, sample["num_agents"] + 1)]
images[0].show()  # PIL image of agent 1

Construction

Image observations are drawn from a mix of real-world and synthetic sources to balance realism and controllability:

Real-world sources (913 image sets, 235 scenes):

RealEstate10K: 200 scenes from unconstrained house-tour videos.
NAVI: 35 scenes of controlled multi-perspective object observations.

Synthetic sources (767 image sets, 39 scenes):

VirtualHome
Habitat-Sim (Replica-CAD)
AI2-THOR

QA pairs were authored by three domain-expert annotators following predefined per-category specifications, then cross-verified; ambiguous or inconsistent samples were revised or removed. All items follow a four-choice MCQ format with plausible distractors and randomized option order.

Intended Use

Zero-shot evaluation of vision-language models on multi-agent collaborative reasoning.

Ethical Considerations

The dataset contains no personally identifiable information. The real-world sources are derived from public house-tour videos (RealEstate10K) and object photographs (NAVI).

License

This dataset is released under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-4.0). The non-commercial restriction reflects the licensing of the underlying real-world sources, in particular RealEstate10K, whose video-frame redistribution terms are restrictive.

Source asset licenses:

RealEstate10K: see https://google.github.io/realestate10k/
NAVI: CC-BY-4.0
VirtualHome: MIT
Habitat-Sim: MIT (scenes used inside have separate licenses)
AI2-THOR: Apache 2.0

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