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Liverpool’s Steven Gerrard, Chelsea’s Frank Lampard and John Terry, and Newcastle’s Kieron Dyer and Jonathan Woodgate have all faced high-profile controversies linked to drinking. Eriksson has never introduced a ban on alcohol in the England camp, but has always made it clear that he will not tolerate players who are irresponsible.
But 2Å years after taking over as England coach, the Swede says his team is maturing into a more professional outfit, aware of the need to take greater care over what they drink and eat.
“The younger players are better prepared now, not only on the pitch, but away from football as well,” he says.
“For instance, how to eat properly, how to treat alcohol. I think the younger players have been caught up… | <urn:uuid:a0385706-9038-4f44-8ec7-976d005a3bf7> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 738 |
Buying clothes for a baby that hasn't been born yet is a little bit tricky. Not even the doctors can determine the size of a baby precisely until he/she is actually out - so how should you know what size clothes to get? The truth is, there is no one-size-fits-all solution here, but there are certain guidelines that can help you decide which clothing sizes you'll need for a newborn.
Every baby is different
Ok, you probably knew this one, but we just have to stress that. Two moms can have identical due dates and similar pregnancies, yet even if they do deliver their babies on the same date, babies can greatly differ in shapes and sizes. The average weight of a newborn is 7.5lb, but everything ranging from 5.5 to 10 lb is considered normal. Note that the upper limit is almost twice the lower one, which makes it even more difficult to decide which size of clothes one should get for a newborn.
Determining the size of clothes while only taking into consideration her age is actually wrong. That is why many manufacturers started adding the average weight or height details along with the age on their labels. Knowing those can be more helpful when choosing the size than knowing the exact age of the baby. Just like with adults, size charts can be rather practical here since they give you a clearer image.
Checking out the size chart before buying baby clothes for your newborn is a smart thing to do since not all charts are the same - what's a newborn size for one brand can be 0-3 months for another.
Get baby clothes that are comfy
The skin of a newborn is delicate and it can easily get irritated. That is why it is so important that the clothes you get for your lovely little ones are comfortable. You can do no wrong by choosing natural materials, such as cotton. But, that is not all. Regular cotton is fine, but if you are looking for ultimate comfort for your newborn, you should opt for rib-knit cotton. Besides being softer than other types of fabric, rib-knit cotton is stretchier too which is great since the clothing items made of it can be worn longer.
Clothing items you will need for your newborn
Babies grow fast, so it often happens that they outgrow their clothes before they even get the chance to put them on. That is why you should resist the urge to buy dozens of cute same-sized outfits for your little bundle of joy. On the other hand, they do need more than one outfit per day, so if you do your laundry once a week, for example, you will need a few extra combinations. Here's a list of clothing items you will probably need for your newborn:
- 10-12 onesies - they are easy to put on and take off when it is time to change your little one's diaper. When it comes to material, you shouldn't be making compromises - only natural materials such as rib-knit cotton are good for a newborn. Now, when it comes to design, you might get lost in the biggest selection of onesies in the world. If you are not sure about clothing sizes you'll need for a newborn, don't get them all the same.
- several sleepers - they will keep your baby warm and cozy at night. You will probably need two of them per night since newborns often get wet and need to be changed before their night feeds.
- 5-6 leggings or pants - many parents get those with feet since then they do not have to worry about their little one taking off his/her socks all the time. If your baby is due in winter, these should definitely be your choice too.
- several pairs of socks - babies do need socks even if it's summer, so make sure that you add a pack or two in your shopping cart. If your baby is due in winter, you will need more socks and maybe even those cute little booties.
- 2-3 beanie hats - again if it's winter, you'll need more pairs and maybe even some warmer models.
Which sizes should you get if you are buying clothes before your baby is born?
You never know how big your baby is going to be when it is born. That's why you should play it safe when making a registry or going shopping for those first days upon the arrival of your little bundle of joy. Pick a few outfits in a newborn size - you don't want to take your baby out of the hospital in oversized clothes, do you? But, you should bear in mind that babies grow fast and if you get too many items in the newborn's size they might outgrow them before even wearing them.
Practical tip: Keep the tags on! Many retailers will let you swap the unused items for bigger sizes or for other items.
So, wash only those clothes you will need for hospital days and for getting home. Everything else you'll be able to return or exchange for bigger sizes.
After your baby is born, you will have a clearer image of what fits. This is the time to be shopping for some baby clothes. Whenever in doubt, you should get bigger clothes for your baby, especially if you won't be able to return them.
What sizes to choose for your baby registry
Family and friends will probably want to welcome your little one with a gift. Encourage them to get slightly bigger items. One size bigger than a newborn size is usually the best choice for gifts since it will surely fit at some point.
Nowadays, there are so many cute baby items on the market. Matching sets are very popular baby gifts at the moment and they can be great outfits for photoshoots! Fresh parents, grandparents, and cousins just have to choose the sizes for themselves and for your little one and they'll be getting a perfect present.
Babies come in different shapes and sizes, so it is only natural that the clothes fitting them will be different too. Our advice to you when picking the clothing sizes you'll need for a newborn is to look at the length and height specifics rather than the specified age. | <urn:uuid:e3d87c8a-8f90-458b-bf7c-86020ce9ee10> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,711 |
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$250,000 family heirloom stolen
For the Xhosa people of South Africa, death is traditionally not something to be talked about or to be planned for, no matter how inevitable or close it may seem.
But those close to Nelson Mandela had little choice as the country's first black leader ... | <urn:uuid:9b4f9b8f-a7ae-484a-bb53-6fd943cb62e5> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 325 |
In a tiny gym located alongside a freeway Carlos Molina and his brothers practiced and practiced their craft for years.
Molina no longer trains in that tiny gym deciding to move a few miles south where he’s now guided by famed trainer Clemente Medina in the always crowded Maywood Boxing Gym.
“He works hard,” said Medina who also trains Alfredo “Perro” Angulo among others. “He’s ready.”
Molina (9-0, 5 KOs) anxiously awaits his fight this Friday against Tyler Ziolkowski (12-10, 7 KOs) at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. The boxing card is promoted by Golden Boy Promotions that will be partly televised on Fox.
The oldest of the three Molina brothers has a lot to prove especially with his younger brothers. You see Javier Molina was a member of the U.S. Olympic Boxing team and Oscar Molina was an alternate on the Mexico Olympic Boxing team. The two twins are very talented, but so is Carlos.
“It feels good,” said Molina about fighting in Las Vegas for the first time. “That’s where all the fights are. Hopefully there will be many more to come.”
Not gifted with great power, but no creampuff, Molina has other gifts such as the ability to fight inside or outside with equal dexterity. He knows and understands the finer points of professional prizefighting. It’s something that most fighters go an entire career without realizing.
Molina treats each fight equally.
“I prepare myself the same for every fight,” says Molina, who moved from the famous Commerce Boxing Gym to the equally famous Maywood Boxing Gym more than a year ago.
It’s not going to be easy. Ziolkowski has boxing skills and has fought better competition despite deriving from Missouri. In his career his losses have come against both Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. and brother Omar Chavez. But match him equally and he can upset a fighter or two.
Still, many see Molina as a vastly improving prizefighter.
Frank Espinoza, one of the foremost boxing managers in the business, says he sees much improvement in Molina.
“He’s getting better and better,” said Espinoza who also managers Israel Vazquez, Martin Castillo, Luis Ramos and others. “I can see the improvement every time he fights.”
It’s not a surprise that Molina shows talent. The five-square mile area he chose to learn his craft is responsible for a number of elite fighters like Oscar De La Hoya, Panchito Bojado, Shawn Estrada, Sergio Mora and numerous others including his own brothers.
Also on the card is prospect Ronny Rios, 20, who fights out of Orange County and managed by Espinoza like Molina.
Rios (8-0, 4 KOs) is a rather tall junior featherweight at 5-7 in height who will steamroll any opponent who displays a serious flaw. He works quickly and aggressively applying pressure while looking for weaknesses in his opponent. So far nobody has given him much trouble.
The Santa Ana-based fighter meets Willshaun Boxley (5-3, 3 KOs) in a six round fight.
Would you pay to see Manny Pacquiao vs Saul Alvarez? | <urn:uuid:60415b03-974b-4a27-8821-4f2df0076518> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,955 |
The location is excellent. Because of frequent free shuttle one can reach the airport any time and from there every part of Holland and rest of the Europe by train,bus tram taxi etc .
The Buffet break fast is very good for the price.However, the rooms in the new block are small. The bathroom is too crammed even without a tub.
One great disappointment is lack of coffee machine and accessories in the room which was not the case when I stayed last year and the year before.The management should reconsider this policy.Although there is coffee vending machine at the entrance ,it is not a convenient place and certainly not a good substitute.
One minor problem is that since it is close to the airport there are check ins and checkouts through out night. This some times disturbs sleep. Otherwise it is very nice place to stay and enjoy a holiday.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Hotel ibis Amsterdam Airport is is the largest hotel in the Netherlands, featuring 644 guestrooms. The hotel is close to Schiphol International Airport (free shuttle service to and from Schiphol from 05.05 to 01.15. Just 30 min from the centre of Amsterdam, it is ideal for a business trip or holiday visit. Close to the RAI Exhibition Centre and the central business district. Book one of our 644 airconditioned rooms and benefit from our facilities, 2 restaurants, bar, 5 meeting rooms for seminars and conferences, WiFi Internet access and private pay parking. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, ACCOR, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Priceline, Orbitz, Agoda, Hotel.de, HRS, Reservation Counter and Despegar.com so you can book your Hotel Ibis Schiphol Amsterdam Airport reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hotel Accor Amsterdam Airport | <urn:uuid:74cd6f68-fc2c-4ad0-b060-5873683cd795> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,954 |
Sports enthusiasts do not alone enjoy watching their favorite game; they will also pass time by betting on the game. What is more fascinating exciting than rooting for your favorite team and making a little money on the side as surely? There are many sports you can bet on such as basketball, golf, soccer, NASCAR, football and the majority more. If you’d like to begin in betting, you must know essentials first about sports betting online. Various methods and online sports books rules sign up for different sporting.With this in mind, may to concentrate or focus on one sport, the the one which you truly understand and also that can create a successful business in your betting.
There are many things you want to do in order to place your bets and win the us dollars. Football is one of the sports that have gained great betting interests from gamblers. For instance, Premier League betting enables bettors location various bets on a match permanent fixture. In the Premier League, you are listed bets on goals regarding scored in any specific period, for instance, the first half from the match taking. You can also place bets on the participant to score most goals. More so, you can bet along the football team to win a Premier League match or the Premier League Cup.
If you aren’t into team sports but still want appreciate the thrill of sports betting, a full day at the races is only the thing anyone. Gambling on horse races counts among the oldest a couple of prestigious forms of gambling and it is also enjoyed $ 8k United States, Middle East, Australia, and Europe. Certain horse races, such due to the fact Kentucky Derby, rank probably the most iconic sporting events in the field of.
Weighing chances in sports betting – This book is obtained from the approach that sports punting can be attacked intelligently and intentionally. It will teach you ways to make smart bets on games, and not bets based on emotions. They provide you precise tools to stay smarter and a lot more successful at sports punting. Purchasing want to learn how to evaluate, compare and 검증토토사이트 betting on sports from an analytical stand point, check out this a single one.
When anyone decide to to casinos and other betting establishments, you can frequently find a betting board where bettors can keep a record of the games. Care for marks on these boards because these indicate that additional betting rules are applied. For instance, a red box indicates a “circled” game. This often occurs every single time a team has an injured battler. This also means that the betting limits are reduced for any particular one game.
Teams which can be hot ordinarily stay hot, betting against them would be be kept. This is very immensely important. Next, you want in order to locate out are there any player rivalries across the team. Whenever there are multiple people competing with every other within the team for you to become the best, this could be a factor or bad. This might cause them perform their best on the field, or it can result in chemistry problems.
Whether you’re betting pro or college football, the harder you know, the boost your chances of winning often than you lose. Sports betting expert picks on the spread aid you put together a winning season and line your wallet with wins. | <urn:uuid:7f89d116-751c-438a-a132-47b991cc4308> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,284 |
I’ve put the Kindle version of Annie’s Story, Book 1 of The Voyagers Trilogy, on sale for a fortnight. (It finishes on Tuesday, 15th September.) It’s reduced from £3.95 to 99 pence. But is it the right thing to do?
When one thinks of how long it takes to write a book – and Annie’s Story is quite a chunky historical saga – it does seem to demean the toil and tears we writers go through to reach ‘The End’. But contrary to what non-writers imagine, it’s nowhere near the end. Next comes the re-write and re-write again, the polish and polish again, before it goes out to an editor who suggests more rewriting and then, of course, another final polish. I’ve done as many as 25 drafts before I’ve been satisfied to send it to the editor.
So to bring the price down of my precious book to less than £1 doesn’t really make sense.
But why do we write? We have a burning story we want to tell and most of us want to be published so we can have a wider readership. Only a small percentage of us will make a lot of money. Most writers have to work full or part time to supplement the often pathetic royalties. But the reward comes from the readers themselves. When you get a review where the reader has laughed or cried (preferably both!), when s/he’s loved your book and recommended it to friends, that makes it all worthwhile. It’s communication at its deepest level and is truly miraculous.
So if I reach more readers with my fortnight’s sale of Annie’s Story I’ll be thrilled. | <urn:uuid:4ceac33d-3e36-43f4-96c6-2f9f366dd4f4> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,473 |
Brand Narrative fundamentals: what it takes to make your brand story stick
It takes 0.05 seconds for a brand to make an impression.
Because the ways you communicate send signals that shape impressions, perceptions, thoughts and emotions that people associate with you and your business — positive, negative and neutral. Whether it’s conscious or not.
Brands are multi-dimensional, so building them can require the skills of strategists, designers, writers, motion designers, developers — sometimes even sound designers. But today we’re spotlighting the work of the word people. The writers, meaning-miners, detail-devoted, language-enlivened humans who bring context, meaning, emotion and agility to brands.
Your Brand Narrative is so much more than your origin story, it’s an opportunity to connect with your audiences on a deeper, more meaningful level. Thoughtfully crafted and tactically executed, a Brand Narrative is is your single most powerful tool for building relationships, educating, entertaining, inspiring, and influencing.
In a world overcome by AI, your brand will set you apart. So there’s never been a better time to develop a brand story and express it in a voice and tone that’s uniquely yours.
OK, let’s roll.
If you try to be everything to everyone, your message becomes diluted and generic. The first question to ask is, what are the defining characteristics of your existing and prospective customer base? Then, find out.
At JM, the outcome of this process is a set of Customer Hypotheses that allow us to step into the shoes of our client’s customers, and design a narrative that is relevant to the needs, wants, expectations and aspirations of the people who matter to your business most.
We can all see through the BS (and the AI). Your written content should reflect your personality and genuinely connect to the real life human recipients. Authenticity builds trust over time. So the next time you go to tell someone about your greatest business success, try telling them about your greatest failure instead.
Voice and Tone
Just like your own voice, your brand voice brings dimension, personality and individuality to what you’re saying, and dictates the kind of relationship you’ll have with your audiences. Where voice is stable, and unchanging, your tone will vary, like it might between the boardroom and the bar.
It helps to start with a set of Brand Personality Traits. If you imagine your business like a human, you’ll find yourself writing more like one.
Storytelling activates various regions of the brain associated with language, perception, and social cognition, which helps us create vivid mental images that increase social connection, empathy and memorability.
Storytelling is a craft. So seek opportunities to tell stories, learn from other skilled storytellers, and embrace your own unique style.
As humans, we relate to others’ personal experiences, so if testimonials, reviews and user-generated content aren’t in your existing tool kit, make a note.
Emotive content is gravitational because we see ourselves in the emotions, personal feelings and experiences of others. It’s how we relate. Make sure your narrative is designed to connect to the positive experiences people will have with your products and services as a result of using them. Feelings over stats, facts or features.
If you’ve ever gone through a funding round, you’ll be acutely, painfully aware of this one. Investors take hundreds of meetings with founders, only to invest in a handful. Crafting unique moments for your brand narrative to shine will amplify its impact and make sure you’re remembered long after the conversation ends.
Consistency and Alignment
Our writers work alongside designers so there’s a symbiotic relationship between brands’ visual identities and their narratives. You should too. As a cross-functional team, Design and Content are far greater than the sum of their parts. Working together is not only a catalyst for creative thinking, it ensures your brand makes a consistent, coherent and immediately recognizable impression.
Remember, your Brand Narrative isn’t a static instrument or a PDF buried in a Marketing folder, it lives, evolves and flexes alongside your business over time. The needs, wants and expectations of your customers are fluid, so be ready to ebb and flow with them.
Ready to get your Brand content in order? Get in touch with Jeremiah: email@example.com or Blake: firstname.lastname@example.org.
Want to talk more about Brand Narrative, Content or Taylor Swift’s place in our cultural zeitgeist? I’m ya gal — get in touch on LinkedIn or at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:fbf61dae-bba5-4d0f-b585-553e664a09f9> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,624 |
Sgl × 60 × 1
|Product:||Milk chocolate with soft caramel (30 %).|
Partnering with Fairtrade Foundation
By Appointment to H.M. The Queen Cocoa and Chocolate Manufacturers Cadbury UK Ltd., Bournville.
Milk**, Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Glucose Syrup, Vegetable Fats (Palm, Shea), Glucose-Fructose Syrup, Cocoa Mass, Whey Powder (from Milk), Emulsifiers (E442, E471, E476, Sunflower Lecithin), Salt, Sodium Carbonate, Flavourings, **The equivalent of 426 ml of Fresh Liquid Milk in every 227 g of Milk Chocolate, Milk Chocolate: Milk Solids 20 % minimum, actual 23 %, Contains Vegetable Fats in addition to Cocoa Butter
|Per 100 g:||Per bar (19.5 g):||%* Per Bar (19.5 g):|
|Energy||2076 kJ (496 kcal)||405 kJ (97 kcal)||5 %|
|Fat||26 g||5.1 g||7 %|
|of which Saturates||15 g||3.0 g||15 %|
|Carbohydrate||59 g||11 g||4 %|
|of which Sugars||52 g||10 g||11 %|
|Fibre||1.6 g||0.3 g|
|Protein||5.7 g||1.1 g||2 %|
|Salt||0.32 g||0.06 g||1 %|
|*Reference intake of an average adult (8400 kJ / 2000 kcal)|
Store in a dry place. Protect from heat.
PO Box 7008,
The image and product information have been prepared for illustration and information purposes only and may differ from that shown. Whilst Bestway/Batleys use reasonable endeavors to ensure that the product information presented is accurate and up to date it does not accept any liability for any information which may not be accurate, it is not a substitute for reading the product packaging or label prior to use. You should note that products and their ingredients are subject to change. If you do require precise ingredients or nutritional information you should consult the manufacturer, whose contact details will appear on the packaging or label. Where there is a link to a third party's website for further information on the product, please note that Bestway/Batleys have no control over and no liability for the contents of that website. Bestway/Batleys accept no liability or responsibility whatsoever for any other web sites which may be accessed through the Bestway/Batleys websites. Bestway and Batleys are reliant upon third parties for much of the information provided and reserve the right to change data, references and product specifications at any time. This data is supplied for personal use only. It may not be reproduced in any way whatsoever without Bestways/Batleys prior consent, nor without due acknowledgement.
We’ve noticed we don’t have your Tobacco Track & Trace codes. Please click below to go to the Tobacco Track & Trace page where you can enter your codes, or apply for them if need be.
Don’t worry though... you can still buy all non-Tobacco Track & Trace stock without your codes. | <urn:uuid:e7777949-c4a0-4cad-ae8e-04dcc3f4d86a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,661 |
The Free Syrian Army claims that it has shot down a military helicopter that was flying over Damascus and bombarding a neighborhood.
The footage below from Reuters shows a combat helicopter in flames and coming down vertically, as you hear gunshots and sounds of Allahu Akbar (God is great) in the background. According to the BBC, the rebels on the ground had been trying to shoot the helicopter down because it had been firing on them during heavy clashes.
The downing of the military helicopter comes almost two weeks after a fighter jet crashed near the Syria-Iraq border, which the rebels claimed to have shot down.
More world news coverage: | <urn:uuid:5ba944ab-cf81-41e1-b8ca-39105915717d> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 646 |
Roasted Yams with Lime-Yogurt Sauce
Caramelized yams drizzled with a tangy lime-yogurt sauce. A wonderful complement to any meal!
Preparation time: 1 hour
3 large yams
2 tablespoons honey
1 tablespoon Espelette pepper (can substitute crushed red pepper flakes)
3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
½ cup Greek-style yogurt
4 tablespoons fresh lime juice (approximately 2 medium limes)
2 scallions, both green and white parts, trimmed and thinly sliced, for garnish
Flaky sea salt (optional), for serving
- Heat oven to 425 F.
- Cut the yams lengthwise into 4 wedges per yam. In a large bowl, toss them with the honey, ½ tablespoon of the Espelette pepper or crushed red pepper flakes and 2 tablespoons of the olive oil. Let it sit for 10 minutes or so, tossing once or twice to coat, as the oven heats.
- Transfer the yams to a foil-lined, rimmed baking sheet, season with salt and pepper and then bake until they are deeply caramelized around the edges and soft when pierced with a fork at their thickest part, approximately 30 to 35 minutes.
- As the yams roast, combine the yogurt, lime juice and remaining tablespoon of olive oil in a small bowl; whisk to combine, then season with salt and pepper to taste. Set aside.
- When the yams are done, transfer them to a serving platter, drizzle the yogurt over them and garnish with the remaining Espelette pepper or red pepper flakes, the scallions and flaky sea salt, if desired.
Recipe source: New York Times | <urn:uuid:eae57e64-db7b-4513-8978-51ff403dab6e> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,503 |
LOL OK, you had better have taken her for a ride! Sweetness plus she is! :D
Take that baby for a ride! Hey, take her through Arf-in-the-Box so she can have her cake and eat it too!Love that tooth sticking out! Lily is so cute!
Lily is one smart girl! I hope you took her for a ride Paula!
i sure hope you followed thru for that sweet baby!!!
Hope you took her for that ride!!!Hahaaaa...love these things!!hughugs
Girl, if that dont beat all I have ever seen. SHE is too smart, you need to watch out, she just may take your car keys and drive herself.
How cute can she get?? Just more and more everyday! Keep that doggy riding with you! blessings, Kathleen
Too cute. If I only liked to ride in the car more than I liked to eat. Hehe. Never happen. Take care.
No wonder she keeps that girlish figure. She is such a cutie pie. Thanks for the video.
For Pete's sake girl, take that darlin' doggie for a ride, then she can eat. Lucy was listening and heard you ask Lily was she hungry and came running over here to the computer and looked at me and whinned. I think she thought it was me asking her if she was ready to eat. lol! They are all alike!
What an easy question , blah.....BOL ride of courseBenny & Lily
If she's anything like Higgins, you had to take her for a ride. Higgins will bug the crap out of you if you offer and back out. ;)
Too Cute!I'll bring Rowdy over, and we can take both of them for a ride around the farm :)I love how our dogs are such a part of the family, and clearly they understand what we say :)
Ya think? Take the girl for a ride!...and a Happy Meal...and an ice cream cone! LOL!
I hope that you took her on her ride.It is so cute. It is amazing what our pets understand. LOL
Lily is a smart girl. I hope she enjoyed her ride. Our Buddy hates riding, which is just as well, since he gets car sick. Ick! But mention ball and he goes nuts. I kick it and he fetches. He will do that till he is exhausted. LOL What would we do without our furbabies? Life would be lonesome and boring. LOL Have a good rest of the week.
Ride of course!!! Too cute.
By golly, my Beau is the very same way! He loves to 'go'. Doesn't care where; if I'm goin he's goin too! And then, of course, he will want something to eat. Usually a McDonalds cheese burger sans the pickles! :D That Lily is quite the little lady!Deb
I guess I am the only one who thought she wanted to go for a ride just so that she coule get something to eat.. Like an ice cream in a waffle cone....lol.. That was just too cute.. Thanks, Paula ...
as long as you don't let her drive! what a hoot!
Yes take her for a ride..lol. Sweet and lovable girl..Susie
I think she wants a ride with a stop for an ice cream cone! Dogs are so smart---and CUTE!!
funny, she is so cute!
What a sweetheart! I'd probably act that way for the food, not the ride!!
What a cutie!!! I hope she got her ride. Me. I would go for the food, but what do I know.
That is so adorable! She is such a cutie! I hope she got to go for a ride.I am back from my vacation and would love it if you could stop by now and then!
What a sweetie!! I sure hope she got to go for a ride (and a treat afterwards, LOL!).
What fabulous farm fotos and I sure hope you took Lily for a ride!Smiles, Cyndi
That is too funny. I would say she loves to go for a ride, although she looks like she loves to eat too. lol.I love Vickie's comment.Also love all the pics you posted of the farm.Ginger
"Can I eat while I ride?"She's a cutie, give her a hug and kiss from me, will ya, please?
Hahaha, I am going with ride! Too cute
Please leave a comment~ I would love to hear from you! | <urn:uuid:c32ecde5-c755-49c4-a4bc-63e4c281b7c5> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,597 |
Cebu City Cebu|1.04km vom StadtzentrumCitadines Cebu City is strategically located in the former site of Base Line and now the center of commercial and entertainment area in the city. Conveniently located near the business districts of Cebu Business Park and Cebu IT Park, this serviced apartment in Cebu is part of a development that comprises commercial and retail. With three apartment types, studio, one-bedroom and loft, this 180-apartment serviced residence will surely be a great choice for the young executives and group travellers set to explore the Queen city of the south.All apartments are fully furnished with serviced kitchen, wireless internet access, and selected apartments have built in a washer and dryer where you can be productive within the privacy of your own living space. Safety and security are ensured with 24-hour reception and guest service team.For those with a more active lifestyle, our recreational floor where the pool and gym is located, is designed for added guest convenience. With our wireless internet access, the property also has community interactive spaces and residents' area that encourages socialising. Citadines Cebu City also boast of its conference and meeting spaces that blend its modern design with contemporary functionality whether required for business function or a social event. | <urn:uuid:1bdde89c-910f-43fd-ab62-0bc152bd1325> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,335 |
Easy to use and comprehensive, StickySoft’s Blackjack 6-7-8 software works well for the beginner and very well for the experienced blackjack player. There are 21 Wizards to guide you step
Basic blackjack play screen from Blackjack 6-7-8
by step through such functions as setting the parameters for playing blackjack, the basics for novices and beginners, selecting a playing strategy for each player, running a simulation, and developing a playing strategy.
Blackjack 6-7-8 lets you set up a table with 1 to 7 players and any number of decks and penetration level. You can even play unusual rules, such as Double Exposure, Multi-Action, Over/Under, and various bonuses. There are cocktail waitress and slot machine distractions if you choose to test your ability to concentrate on the count, a module which shows the value of blackjack coupons and comps, and over 1,000 hints (which can be turned off) for any level player.
Many statistics are available in the Play Blackjack window, including Win Rate, the Count, and bankroll for each player. A bankroll can be chosen for each player and bankroll statistics include initial bankroll, current bankroll, and gain as a % of bankroll. Each player can have a different Playing Strategy, Betting Strategy, and Set Of Point Count Values this can be used for simulations in addition to playing in Play Blackjack.
A unique feature of the software is that it also comes with instructional videos. The videos demonstrate how to buy-in and how to signal the playing decisions at a table in a casino and illustrate card counting and how to place a bet for the dealer.
In the Card Counting training module, players can practice adding the values of the cards; and the range of counts on the Counting tab has been expanded to -42 to 41 from -10 to 10.
Other new features include photo-realistic looking discards, a larger card size, the ability to store your play and simulation data, and much more – including some helpful counter camouflage tips and Don Schlesinger’s famous SCORE analysis. You can also store up to 1,000,000 different tables each for playing strategy, betting strategy, and sets of point count values.
According to the FAQ section of the software's website, using basic strategy while playing with a 6-deck shoe, the house edge is only .4%. However, in addition to using Basic Strategy, the software can teach you a fairly simple method to count cards to determine when to raise your bet. Then you would have an edge over the house of about 1%. But remember, the house edge or player edge is the result you get in the "long run." Based on simulations run in the software (you can also run these simulations), after playing 500 hours, you would have a 95% chance of being ahead, given a 1% edge over the house. Therefore, the long run is 500 hours of play. | <urn:uuid:9cb01de7-03ac-485d-8c99-b5434e5a080f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,812 |
We started our exploration of Myeongdong during lunchtime. Mummy stays in Myeongdong whenever she comes to come Korea so she knows Myeongdong like the back of her hand. We wanted a restaurant which serves piping hot food and we came across this restaurant that claimed its popularity with the recognition from MBC, one of Korea's top broadcast station. With the words 'Budae Jigae' written in big letters, it seemed like we had found what we needed at that point in time. Budae Jigae, otherwise known as army stew, is a mixture of ramen, rice cake, ham, sausages, vegetables, pasta etc. Pretty much an assortment of anything. Perfect. The restaurant offers set meal with their budae jigae. We chose the one with 2 persons portion and it comes with bulgolgi beef patty and 2 bowls of rice. The kids don't like spicy food so it was great that the bulgolgi beef comes along with the rice. The price? 23000won!
|Navigating through the alleys of Myeongdong|
|You won't miss the big signboards|
|At the entrance to the restaurant|
|Adding the stock|
|Beef Patty. Really delicious|
|Add the ramen and just wait for everything to be cooked.|
Everyone had a rest while Mummy started her rigourous packing for the return back to Singapore the next day. Mummy and the girls went to Nanta Myeongdong Theatre (read blog entry on Cookin' Nanta) which is a short 5 minutes walk away from Ibis Myeongdong Hotel, for a performance and Daddy would rejoin the ladies for dinner after that.
After the Cookin' Nanta show, everyone adjorned at the hotel lobby and set out to experience the street food stalls that were littered all over the streets of Myeongdong. In warmer climate, Myeongdong would be covered with many roadside stalls, selling a range of products from food to clothes to accessories. As it was -5 degree Celsius when we were there, the streets were relatively sparse. Still, we were able to sample enough to satisfy our tummys.
|Streets of Myeongdong|
|Looks like muffins?|
|Not anymore...after all the hammering...|
|The aftermath - bits and pieces of hard biscuits. Name? Snow Powder.|
|Grilled meat. On one side you can sample skewered fishcake. |
Eat it with Gochujang or just soy sauce. Nothing beats drinking the hot soup from the skewered fishcake in winter.
|Sizzling egg bread. Stall owner puts an egg on top of a bread and fries it. |
The egg would not be fully cooked but it is delicious with the fried bread.
|Squeeze one whole lemon and mix it with soda. Even though it was cold, we had 2 packs each day.|
|One of the many cafes|
|Spoilt for choice|
|Caramel Chocolate Bread|
|Plain waffle with blueberry|
|Trying out some fried squid|
|Dumplings with saucy cabbage| | <urn:uuid:8f64b33e-d2ce-4793-aaca-ebe4aff4d1eb> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,676 |
With friends like Illinois state Sen. David Koehler, who
needs enemies? Koehler, D-Peoria, is the sponsor of SB1666, a bill calling for
labeling of foods originating from genetically modified plants.
No surprise in the left-leaning Illinois Legislature. This
isn’t the first place GMO products have been targeted, and it won’t be the
But did I mention that Koehler also is chairman of the
Senate ag committee? That seat doesn’t seem like the most appropriate place to
launch a bill that is opposed by most of the ag community and may have negative
consequences for farmers.
Bill Bodine, associate director for state legislation with
Illinois Farm Bureau, discussed the bill and other political activities while
speaking at a recent meeting of the St. Louis AgriBusiness Club.
In a story I wrote about the topic, I inadvertently listed
House Bill 3085, which also is a GMO labeling bill. But Bodine later informed me
that the Senate bill is the one getting the most attention.
Anyway, the labeling movement has gotten some traction
recently, though there have been some notable setbacks for labeling proponents.
Perhaps surprisingly, California voters rejected Proposition 37, which mandated
The effects of labeling — negative and positive — are
uncertain. But companies such as Monsanto must believe it would have a
deleterious effect on agriculture, or at least its business.
It was among ag and food retailers that dumped $44 million
into California in the successful effort to defeat the proposition at the ballot
Prop 37 garnered much support among the usual suspects. A
number of self-aggrandizing Hollywood types and prominent “food
environmentalists” such as Michael Pollan did their best to convince voters that
foods containing GMO components are only slightly less dangerous than sarin gas
and should be labeled, if not outlawed completely.
Koehler’s sin is not only that as the ag committee chairman
he is pushing a bill that is nearly universally opposed by the ag community.
Who knows? Labeling may not be the end of the world. The
thing that tends to raise my cockles is the language of the bill.
Included in the bill’s synopsis are comments such as this:
“The genetic engineering of plants and animals often causes unintended
consequences. The results are not always predictable or controllable.”
It goes on to say that genetic engineering may produce
results that lead to adverse health or environmental consequences.
This would not be Illinois’ first foray into labeling of ag
products. A number of years ago the Legislature passed a bill requiring
unpasteurized apple cider processed in the state to be labeled as such.
And unless I missed it, that has caused nary a ripple. Of
course, comparing pasteurized cider to GMO-based foods is akin to comparing,
well, apples and oranges.
But some of the wording of SB1666 bill, as noted, tends to
expose the sponsor’s ulterior motives. It seems obvious to me that labeling
isn’t the end goal, but just a step in that direction.
And it is being pushed by someone who is supposed to be on
the farmers’ side. | <urn:uuid:a7e07485-f902-49f4-b571-691230e901b7> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,066 |
In this paper we test the inflation persistence hypothesis as well as model the long run behaviour of inflation rates in a pool of African countries, using a non-linear framework. In order to do so, we rely on unit root tests applied to non-linear models and fractional integration. The result shows that the hypothesis of inflation persistance does not hold empirically for most of the countries. In addition, the estimated models (logistic smooth transition autoregression, LSTAR) are stable, in the sense that the variable tends to remain in the regime (low inflation or high inflation) once reached and changes between regimes are only achieved after a shock. The results also indicate that the effects of the shocks on inflation tend to die out; exogenous factors, i.e. supply shocks and inertia may be causing this outcome, as they play a substantial role in the determination of the inflation rates for our selected African countries.
C32, E31, F15
Is there an asymmetric behaviour in African inflation? A non-linear approach
Palabras claveInflation, persistence, unit roots, nonlinearities, STAR | <urn:uuid:a0238113-1590-4aab-9058-cc1704c306ca> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,103 |
A Unified Approach to Low- and High-frequency Bandwidth Extension
Extending the bandwidth of an audio signal may be useful at the low or high end of the frequency spectrum, depending on the application. Also, the actual bandwidth extension algorithm may rely entirely on psychoacoustic effects or may create a physical extension of the signal spectrum. We have developed a common framework for all these problems, and from this framework derived algorithms that address diverse applications in audio signal processing for bandwidth extension. Specifically, we describe algorithms for bandwidth extension applied to enhancing reproduction of bandlimited signals (at the low or high end of the frequency spectrum), and for enhancing reproduction over small loudspeakers.
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This paper costs $33 for non-members, $5 for AES members and is free for E-Library subscribers. | <urn:uuid:759ab3b6-d744-467f-a5fe-d9d1aaad17be> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,104 |
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Buy Spring-Green Cotton Fabric at Fabriclore. Dyed on handpicked cotton fabric, this fabric is suitable for daily wear and can be used for all clothing purposes.
|Quantity||Price mentioned on the products is of one meter.|
|Fabric||60*60 Cotton. Suitable for Summer.|
|Quality||Cotton. Suitable for Apparels & Others. Shrinkage 2-3%|
|Color||We have tried our best to provide you exact colors of the fabric but due to Camera limitations difference from actual product is possible.| | <urn:uuid:56104439-f79f-4f7e-bb7a-3bdd2cdcd7b7> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 522 |
Comfortable, easy-care 6-oz cotton fabric makes this bag perfect for everything from running errands to networking.
Fold-flat construction ensures easy storage.
Self-material handles measure 26".
If you need a full-color imprint, see item #1105-FC.
For Cotton Economy Tote in your choice of vibrant colors, see item #1972.
For 24-hour service on this product, see item #1105-24HR.
Your price includes a one-color imprint on the front of the customized bag.
Additional imprint colors/location available for an extra charge.
Set-up charge: add $30 per color/location.
Maximum number of imprint colors: 4
Ready to ship in : 3 business days *. | <urn:uuid:535f6a54-221c-4c4f-83a4-d336ddad7622> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 639 |
(Peoria, AZ) - The Arizona Golf Challenge is ready to begin its inaugural season in the Phoenix Metro Area under the direction of veteran tour director Blane Freytag. The series, which provides golf enthusiasts the experience of competitive stroke-play golf, will host a series of one day events geared to the everyday golfer who wish to test their skills in a competitive environment.
Tournament format is 4 flights at gross stroke play and 1 flight at net stroke play. “Our goal is to provide fun, fair, competitive individual stroke play golf tournaments at an affordable entry fee,” added Freytag. “With 5 flights everyone has an equal shot in our tournaments.” The Arizona Golf Challenge is for all male golfers over the age of 16 of all abilities.
At each event, the players are competing for quality trophies and optional side games that pay cash. Since the side games are optional, they won’t jeopardize anyone’s amateur status.
Entry fees for the Arizona Golf Challenge are individually priced, usually in the $68 - $88 range. Those fees include green fees, shared use of a cart, range balls, scoring and trophies. There will also be optional skins and low front 9, back 9 games at each event. Results and points standings are posted within 72 hours at (www.arionagolfchallenge.com).
Come join them in the excitement and experience tournament golf in a friendly and competitive atmosphere. Bring your friends and watch the competition grow. Visit www.arizonagolfchallenge.com to sign up or call tour director Blane Freytag at (623) 764-3522. | <urn:uuid:c0bddc3d-d28c-47cb-a940-0997dde80bbe> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,550 |
The islands of Odysseus, Ithaka and Kefalonia, are located in the west of the mainland of Greece, in the Ionian Sea and belongs to the Ionian Islands. Administratively they come under the Prefecture of Kefalonia and Ithaca and the Ionian Islands Region, along with a few small uninhabited islands and islets.
Characteristics of Kefalonia’s geomorphology are the green plains and mountainous and hilly lands, the highest peak is on Mount Enos (1628 m) which is a National Forest. The coasts form safe bays, large headlands and steep slopes, revealing the intense geological phenomena that took place thousands years ago and separate the islands from mainland Greece. The climate is generally mild, mediterranean with hot summers and mild winters that ensure good conditions for exploring during the whole year.
The cultural character of this place was greatly affected by its strategic position, as long as it is the passage from mainland Greece in the Western Mediterranean. The long and turbulent history has left a rich cultural heritage that harmoniously integrates in the original Greek character, western European influences. At the crossroads of political and socio-economic developments over the time, the culture of the people stands out in a spirit of restless, stately simplicity and ingenuous pride that remind of the virtues of the favorite legendary king Odysseus.
The pictures in Kefalonia and Ithaca are far from the stereotypes of the Greek islands: the infinite paths in land and sea reveal dreamy beaches, green landscapes, rare geological phenomena and unique habitats. The culture unfolds through the simple Ionian architecture, the Venetian castles, the monuments and the relics of a long intellectual and religious tradition and a lively local gastronomy and wine, Rompola.
Lively and genuine island settlements, tourist resorts and picturesque ports discreetly avoid the hustle and bustle of the touristic mass and they generously offer their hospitality to those who can appreciate the majesty and beauty that lies in this journey itself.
Kefalonia is the biggest of the Ionian Islands and it covers an area of 700 s. kil. Kefalonia has almost 30.000 residents, and its capital is Argostoli.
Geographically, Kefalonia is surrounded by: Ithaki (on its northeast), Lefkada (on the north) and Zakinthos (on the south).
On the east Kefalonia is watered from the Patraiko Gulf and it is considered as a mountainous island along with the wonderful Aino Mountain to dominate in the island. | <urn:uuid:6050f631-c9f1-4cff-a17f-d03b0b67900d> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 2,506 |
CHAPTER 7 RENEWAL, REPLACEMENT, TERMINATION AND TRANSFER OF GUARDIANSHIP
RENEWAL OF GUARDIANSHIP
7.1 The default period of guardianship is 3 years although the sheriff has discretion to extend this period (including an indefinite period) or reduce it. The Act provides for renewals of guardianship when the approved period is coming to an end.
7.2 Section 60 of the Act provides that at any time before the end of a period in respect of which a guardianship order has been made or renewed, an application may be made to the sheriff under this section by the guardian for the renewal of such order, and where such an application is made, the order shall continue to have effect until the application is determined.
7.3 A review of guardianship should take place before the expiry of the existing order as reports similar to those which were provided at the first application have to be prepared for the renewal application. Reports have to be based on the current position and time will be required for an up to date assessment. The Public Guardian will issue a reminder to all guardians three months before the expiry of the order that their appointments are approaching the end. At the same time as you receive such a letter, the local authority will be similarly informed.
7.4 The 3 months' notice given by the Public Guardian is a failsafe. Welfare guardians should be starting to think about renewal along with their local authority supervisors as part of the agenda for supervision during the last 6 months of the order. Financial guardians should consider renewal when they submit their accounts for the last accounting period of their current term.
7.5 You should therefore keep a note of the renewal date so that you can begin thinking about the renewal and whether you want to continue to act and if so, with the same powers and conditions. For example, you may decide that a joint guardian should be appointed to share the duties with you or that you want to step down and let someone else take over. A substitute guardian who was appointed at the same time as you would have to be reassessed for suitability just as you will yourself be if applying for renewal. The Act provides that the local authority shall apply for renewal of a guardianship order if this appears to be necessary and no-one else is doing so.
7.6 A renewal application in the form of a Minute must be accompanied by a medial report in prescribed form, of an examination and assessment carried out with regard to the adult's capacity not more than 30 days prior to the lodging of the renewal application form. If the incapacity is by reason of mental disorder, the report should come from a medical practitioner with experience in that field.
7.7 For renewals of welfare guardianships, the application would also be accompanied by a report provided by a mental health officer, or in cases where the lack of capacity is because of inability to communicate, by the CSWO. The report will give an opinion as to the appropriateness of continuing the guardianship, including the suitability of the guardian.
7.8 For renewals of financial appointments, the application would be accompanied by a report by the Public Guardian giving an opinion of the conduct of the guardianship to date and the continuing suitability of the guardian.
7.9 It will be possible for a sheriff to take a decision without a hearing; but if the sheriff is not satisfied by the information he/she can call for further reports or have a hearing.
7.10 In renewing the order, the sheriff can continue it for a period of 5 years or for such a period as seems suitable including an indefinite period. You can expect to get help and guidance as required when the time for renewal comes round and you can put forward your views on what should happen.
7.11 Legal Aid may be available on the same basis as for applications for guardianship and intervention orders (see paragraph 1.24).
TERMINATION OF GUARDIANSHIP
7.12 Under section 71 of the Act, guardians may be replaced, removed or have their powers recalled.
Replacement or removal of a guardian by the sheriff
7.13 Under section 71 of the Act, the sheriff, on an application made to him or her by an adult subject to guardianship or by any other person claiming an interest in the adult's property, financial affairs or personal welfare, may:
(a) replace a guardian by an individual or office holder nominated in the application if he is satisfied, in relation to an individual that he or she is suitable for appointment;
(b) remove a guardian from office if satisfied:
(i) that there is a substitute guardian who is prepared to act as guardian; or
(ii) in a case where there are joint guardians, that the remaining guardian is or remaining guardians are prepared to continue to act; or
(c) recall a guardianship order or otherwise terminate a guardianship if satisfied:
(i) that the grounds for appointment of a guardian are no longer fulfilled; or
(ii) that the interests of the adult in his property, financial affairs or personal welfare can be satisfactorily safeguarded or promoted otherwise than by guardianship.
7.14 An adult or any other interested party can apply to the sheriff under this section if there is reason to make a change in respect of the guardian either because of life events or concerns about the functioning of the guardian. In most instances a new application will be required, apart from cases where joint guardians or substitute guardians were appointed in any previous applications.
7.15 The Act provides a range of different ways in which a change of guardian might happen and recognises that there will be a variety of circumstances bringing this about.
7.16 Replacement is where a new application nominates another individual (who could be the CSWO) to be appointed. The new guardian has to meet the criteria set out in section 59 of the Act (see part 4 of this code). Replacement may be appropriate in situations where, for example, the guardian dies or moves to another part of the country. It can also be used if the local authority does not think the guardian is carrying out the duties in a satisfactory way or if the MWC or Public Guardian is dissatisfied.
7.17 A guardian may be removed by the sheriff where another guardian exists who is prepared to take over acting or to continue to act. This can only happen where there is either a substitute guardian or a joint guardian. Removing the powers of an existing guardian will usually happen because the guardian is no longer able or failing in the exercise of his or her powers.
7.18 Resignation by a guardian is covered by a procedure set out in section 75 of the Act. To protect the adult from there being an interval of time when no guardian is acting, resignation cannot become effective until the appropriate notifications have been made and the appointment of another guardian is approved by the sheriff. Therefore if you decide to give up as guardian, you should notify the Public Guardian, the local authority and where appropriate the MWC (if you are a welfare guardian) giving as much notice as you can of your intention.
7.19 A joint guardian or a guardian where a substitute has been appointed, may resign with effect from notifying the above bodies provided the remaining joint guardian or substitute guardian is prepared to act.
7.20 In effect a guardian seeking to resign has to ensure that there is someone already approved to take over either by means of a previous application or a new one being submitted to the sheriff.
7.21 As might be expected, the death of the adult ends guardianship. The Act provides for guardians to continue to act until aware of the death, provided any action after death is done in good faith. It is a requirement to notify the Public Guardian of the adult's death. She will inform the local authority and MWC, as necessary.
What if you become unavailable to act?
7.22 If you are temporarily unable to act as guardian, e.g. because of hospitalisation or having to attend to matters abroad, and there is no joint or substitute guardian, you should consider whether there is someone suitable to apply to become an additional guardian. This would take the same length of time as the original application for guardianship. Alternatively, it is possible in terms of section 64(6) that you could leave instructions for safeguarding the adult's property, financial affairs or personal welfare with a solicitor or other agent to cover the period when you are unavailable personally to act. It is also possible that in order to expedite the appointment of an additional guardian, the local authority and medical practitioners providing reports would be prepared to shorten the statutory timescales normally allowed.
7.23 If you are a welfare guardian who will be temporarily unavailable you should discuss the matter with your local authority supervisor. If there is no-one else willing to act, the local authority could apply for interim welfare guardianship for the CSWO while the situation is being sorted out.
7.24 If you become unable to act as financial guardian you should inform the Public Guardian immediately.
7.25 You should also leave instructions with a colleague, relative, or the adult's relatives or carer as to what action to take if you yourself lose capacity owing to an accident or illness, during your term as guardian. No-one else can simply take over a guardian's powers without authority of the court, although the guardian can expressly delegate his functions to another person and this could cover any period during which the guardian was temporarily unavailable to act. In the event of the death of a guardian, his or her personal representatives should inform the Public Guardian.
RECALL OF GUARDIANSHIP
Identifying the need for recall of guardianship
7.26 The desirability of recalling a guardian's powers may be identified through day-to-day contact with the adult, or from regular supervision by the local authority or Public Guardian of a welfare guardian or financial guardian respectively. Alternatively, the need for change may be identified through complaints or investigation about the way that an individual guardian is carrying out his or her functions. You as guardian should be alert to, and should raise in your supervision meetings with the local authority OPG, the possibility that changes may be required, particularly where the adult's incapacity is not likely to be permanent. For example, a younger person with a learning disability may develop an ability to manage his or her own affairs over time.
7.27 The principles within the Act should be applied to the question of recall and care should be taken to ensure that those with an interest are informed of any decision to apply for recall.
7.28 As a matter of good practice, changes that may be required to guardianship should be sought at an early opportunity. However, it will be a matter of balance as to when this should be sought. You as guardian should not, for example, automatically wait until the next regular review to initiate action. It would be good practice to contact your local authority supervisor or the OPG should it become clear that a change is desirable.
Who can recall guardianship?
7.29 Both the sheriff and the Public Guardian have the power to recall financial guardianship. The sheriff, local authority and the MWC (only in cases where incapacity relates to mental disorder) may recall the powers of a welfare guardian. A local authority can recall a welfare guardian's powers where the CSWO is the guardian.
Who can apply for recall?
7.30 Anyone claiming an interest, including the adult, may apply for recall. The Public Guardian, the MWC and local authorities can also all consider recall at their own instance. Details of the process for recall by local authorities are provided in the code of practice for local authorities.
Deciding which body to apply to
7.31 It is likely to be simpler and quicker for the application to be made to the MWC or local authority (for recall of welfare powers) or the Public Guardian (for recall of financial powers) than to the courts. The local authority has a direct supervisory role and is more familiar with the adult and his/her circumstances and as such the application should go to them in the first place. The local authority should consult the MWC.
7.32 This might be appropriate if there are no other factors, such as opposition by those with an interest in the adult's affairs, that might suggest that recall should be considered by the sheriff. Only the sheriff, however, will be able to take an overview of all the adult's affairs and make a less intrusive order. The courts are, in practice, the correct forum to deal with controversial or contested applications. Recall decisions by the Public Guardian, the local authority and the MWC may be appealed to the sheriff.
7.33 Where recall of both financial and welfare powers are sought, separate applications could be made to the Public Guardian to recall financial powers and to the local authority or MWC to recall welfare powers. Alternatively, a single application to the sheriff could be made to recall both financial and welfare power.
MAKING AN APPLICATION FOR RECALL
7.34 An application to the sheriff will be in the form of a document called a minute. Guidance on preparation can be obtained from the Sheriff Clerk. Where non notification to the adult is proposed in relation to recall of welfare guardianship an application must be made to the sheriff, because only the sheriff has the power to dispense with notification in such cases. The Public Guardian has similar powers in relation to recall of financial guardianship.
7.35 The OPG has prepared guidance notes and an application form for applying to the Public Guardian for recall of financial guardianship.
7.36 The forms for applying to the local authority or the MWC for recall of guardianship are prescribed in the Adults with Incapacity (Recall of Guardians' Powers) (Scotland) Regulations 2002 as amended by the Adults with Incapacity (Recall of Guardians' Powers) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2008. The forms are available electronically at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/justice/civil/awi.
Grounds for recall
7.37 Details of the grounds on which recall is sought must be given to indicate that either or both of the grounds at section 73(3) of the Act are met, namely that:
- that the grounds for appointment of a guardian are no longer fulfilled; or
- that the interests of the adult in his personal welfare, property or financial affairs can be satisfactorily safeguarded or promoted otherwise than by guardianship.
7.38 If the application for recall is submitted on the grounds that the adult is no longer incapable in relation to the matters concerned, a report to that effect signed by a medical practitioner will be required to accompany the application. The form is prescribed in the Adults with Incapacity (Recall of Guardians' Powers) (Scotland) Regulations 2002 as amended by The Adults with Incapacity (Recall of Guardians' Powers) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2008 and is available electronically at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/justice/civil/awi. In cases where an application for recall relates to financial and property matters, the Public Guardian has a set report form to be used by a medical practitioner. This is downloadable from the OPG website ( www.publicguardian-scotland.gov.uk). Where recall relates to welfare matters the MWC has a set report form to be used by a medical practitioner, downloadable from the MWC website: www.mwcscot.org.uk.
7.39 If the grounds for the application for recall are that the adult's interests can be satisfactorily safeguarded or promoted otherwise than by guardianship, the application will need to state the alternative means by which the adult's interests are to be protected. These may be less restrictive measures under the Act or alternatives such as appointeeship under social security regulations.
7.40 The application will need to confirm that consultation has taken account of the views of all those listed at section 1(4) of the Act. This includes in all cases the present and past wishes and feelings of the adult. The views of the nearest relative, primary carer, the adult's named person and any person whom the sheriff has directed to be consulted are required to be taken into account insofar as it is reasonable and practicable to do so. The application should confirm explicitly that this has been done. The application should, further, confirm that the views of any other person appearing to have an interest in the adult's welfare, that are made known, have been taken into account insofar as it is reasonable and practicable to do so.
7.41 You as guardian can be the one to make the application. You may also find that someone else applies. In particular, the adult is entitled to make an application in person whether or not he or she is capable in relation to the matters covered by the guardian's powers. Where the local authority, MWC or Public Guardian receives an application for recall, or intends to recall a guardian's powers at their own instigation, they have to notify the adult, his or her nearest relative, the primary carer, his or her named person and any person they consider has an interest in the recall. All those notified have 21 days to object to the proposed recall. Objections must be made in writing. If someone else makes the application, you will therefore receive notification of it and will need to decide whether you agree with it or want to oppose it and ask for your powers to be maintained or modified in some way.
7.42 If you object to recall, you will have to make this known to the local authority, MWC or Public Guardian.
7.43 If the local authority, MWC or Public Guardian proposes to reject a recall application, an intimation of this must be sent to the applicant and the adult, who may object within 21 days, and who have the right to have their objections heard before a final decision is made.
7.44 The local authority, MWC or Public Guardian may consider the objections and take a decision themselves, but must be able to give reasons for any such decision. The local authority, MWC or Public Guardian may, as an alternative to agreeing or refusing a recall, decide that the decision should be made instead by the sheriff, whose decision is final.
7.45 Remit to the sheriff is likely to be appropriate where differing views about the desirability of recall emerge during the local authority's consideration of the matter and the local authority considers that evidence should be heard before a decision is taken. A court setting would allow opposing views to be heard and the parties to arrange for legal representation if they wished to do so. This would give you, as guardian, a chance to explain your objections. Therefore, if someone has applied for recall, but you as guardian consider that the principles still point to guardianship, you should ask the body considering recall (if not the sheriff) to remit the case to the sheriff so that your objections can be heard in court. You may wish to be legally represented in such circumstances.
APPEAL AGAINST RECALL DECISIONS
7.46 An appeal against a decision to recall a guardian's powers may be made to the sheriff, as may an appeal about a decision by the local authority, MWC or Public Guardian to remit or not to remit the matter to the sheriff for the court to decide.
TRANSFER TO A DIFFERENT LOCAL AUTHORITY AREA (IN CASES WHERE THE LOCAL AUTHORITY IS THE WELFARE GUARDIAN)
7.47 Under section 76 of the Act, where an adult under local authority guardianship changes habitual residence, the chief social work officer must inform the chief social work officer of the receiving authority. The receiving authority then has 7 days to notify the Public Guardian, and in appropriate cases the MWC, of the transfer. Within a further 7 days the CSWO of the receiving authority must notify the adult (unless the sheriff has directed that intimation should not be given to the adult), the Public Guardian, and where appropriate the MWC of the name of the officer responsible for carrying out the functions and duties of guardian. | <urn:uuid:97f8e4d0-63f1-4e30-b2b0-c2801103d193> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 20,240 |
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Look, there are certain essentials you’ve got to have close at hand in your everyday carry. But there’s only so much that your pockets can do, which is where the best fanny packs and waist bags enter the equation. Think of them as a streamlined solution to storing your daily haul, be it your wallet, your keys, your cellphone, a small notebook, and pen … the list goes on. Luckily, cool fanny packs are in plentiful supply these days, too.
- Best Overall: Banana Republic Water-Repellent Crossbody Belt Bag
- Best Fashion-Forward Fanny Pack: Cotopaxi Bataan Fanny Pack
- Best for Work: Carhartt Adjustable Waist Pack
- Best for Sports: Adidas Originals National Waist Fanny Pack
- Best Do-It-All Fanny Pack: Roark Compadre Bag
- Best Outdoor-Ready Fanny Pack: Patagonia Ultralight Black Hole Mini Hip Pack
- Other Fanny Packs and Waist Bags We Love
And if you want to travel light and avoid the added bulk of a jacket or a messenger bag, for instance, then these simple carrying solutions are going to change the way you get around. Many waist bags are made with durable materials to stand up to the elements and keep your gear safe, another added bonus of bringing this storage solution into your wardrobe. And fanny packs are also quite stylish and distinctive these days, especially when made by some of your favorite brands. You just found a whole new way to carry your gear with a few of our favorite picks.
Best Overall: Banana Republic Water-Repellent Crossbody Belt Bag
Whether you call it a belt bag or a fanny pack, the best men’s fanny pack might be this subtly stylish, understated option from Banana Republic. From the crisp navy color to the water-repellent functionality, it’s a solid choice to pair with any outfit, business casual or travel ensembles included.
Best Fashion-Forward Fanny Pack: Cotopaxi Bataan Fanny Pack
Wearing a fanny pack should be fun and fashionable, right? The best men’s fanny pack on the market for a shot of color and cool style is this one from Cotopaxi. ’90s-inspired style is the way to go right.
Best for Work: Carhartt Adjustable Waist Pack
If there’s one thing we know, it’s that Carhartt has a way with making rugged, durable gear for jobs of all kinds. And if your job requires a durable way to haul and store your small tools, then this adjustable waist pack from Carhartt is a perfect option.
Best for Sports: Adidas Originals National Waist Fanny Pack
With its immediately recognizable logo and sleek design, this fanny pack from the famed sportswear brand is ideal for wearing on hikes or bringing with you to the tennis court to store your essentials as you work out. It doesn’t hurt that it’s got multiple zippered compartments, either.
Best Do-It-All Fanny Pack: Roark Compadre Bag
Roark has a knack for making surprisingly stylish travel essential that stands the test of time, including this super-cool camo bag packed with bells and whistles. It’s made from durable ripstop nylon fabric and built to go anywhere.
Best Outdoor-Ready Fanny Pack: Patagonia Ultralight Black Hole Mini Hip Pack
For those who favor both adventure and retro style, this Patagonia pack is a compact carrying option that’s ready for anything. It’s also made entirely from upcycled material, a sustainable and sharp-looking touch for the explorer on the go.
Other Fanny Packs and Waist Bags We Love
Timbuk2 Rascal Belt Bag
Timbuk2’s specialty has long been durable gear for commuters and guys on the go everywhere. It only makes sense that they’d come up with a cool, well-crafted, and highly useful belt bag to handle all your daily carry needs. Take this one with you, well, everywhere.
Amphipod Airflow Endurance Waist Pack
For camping trips, day hikes, and ventures off the grid, this highly functional waist pack is going to protect your gear from the elements in a compact package. It’s made with added ventilation to circulate moisture and keep you cool, not slow you down.
Filson Tin Cloth Belt Bag
If you’ve been wondering to yourself, “Are fanny packs cool?” then allow us to answer that decisively with this rugged belt bag from Filson: Yes, and another resounding yes. This belt bag is fit for work or travel, with all the rugged durability you expect from the legendary outfitter.
Quiksilver Jungler II Waist Pack
Heading to the park for a quick stroll or jog? Bring along this sporty waist pack as a complementary piece alongside your running shorts. It’s the perfect way to store your valuables as you take in some fresh air.
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- The 9 best men’s watches you can buy under $1,000 | <urn:uuid:ae924023-df45-4a02-8808-8f6ae4efa3ea> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,789 |
17 May Sea Work 2012
Redbay Boats will be attending the annual Sea Work Show in Southampton from Tuesday 22nd May to Thursday 24th May. We will have two boats on display, firstly the Stormforce 900 which is currently in the final build stages and will ship to Southampton on Saturday. Fitted with a Shockwave ICE2 suspension console and Shockwave double suspension seats, and powered by twin 250hp Mercury Verado outboards.
The second boat on display is a Stormforce 8.4 which is currently being used by the RYA and is the support RIB for the British sailing team in the upcoming Olympics. Fitted with a wrap-around screen and grp roof, and powered by a 300hp Yamaha outboard.
Our MD Tom will be on the stand from Tuesday to Thursday and Gary will be there on Tuesday. Both these boats will be moored on the pontoons (berth V56) and be available for demo’s. Feel free to drop by and have a look around these two boats and chat about our range of Stormforce RIBs. | <urn:uuid:ed7b45ae-ca4b-4437-ba30-cdb09103be60> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 962 |
Loss of faith in night by elie wiesel essay
The memoir Night by Elie Wiesel illustrates this through the memories that he carries with him to this day. In the beginning of this memoir he was a young and innocent child immersed in his faith from birth. Can you review my essay on whether censorship should exist in return. Night by Elie Wiesel Essay. 1038 Words | 5 Pages. of his faith in God. On the Jewish New Year, Elie feels a strong rebellion against God. He becomes the accuser and God the accused. Night itself comes to symbolize death and the loss of hope. Elie Wiesel writes about how the horrors of the Holocaust caused him to lose faith in God and New York: New York University Press, 1990. A collection of seventeen essays on Wiesel's life and literary works. Night receives an extended. Search Term Papers, College Essay Examples and Free Essays on Essays24.com - full papers database. In the memoir Night, Elie Wiesel uses the motifs of loss of faith, death, and loss of innocence to portray to the reader the many overwhelming effects that the Holocaust had on its victims.
The Accident. Night Essay | Essay. Elie Wiesel. Wiesel described the loss of his innocence, which had consisted of his closeness to his family and his devout religious beliefs; while in the concentration camp, he witnessed the death of his entire family and lost his faith in God. In Elie Wiesel's memoir, Night, Wiesel estranges himself from his companions and morals to survive the Holocaust. It is expected that the Holocaust survivors would lose faith in God Night illustrates the loss in human ties after the anguish of the reprehensible treatment that the Jews received every day. Loss Of Faith In. Night Essay, Research Paper. Throughout the book the author Elie Wiesel, as well as many prisoners, lost their faith in God. Through the brutality witnessed, acts of selfishness, the death of his father and the loss of his faith Elie changed. Related. This entry was posted in Sample essays and tagged essay on Elie Wiesel, free essay on Night, literature essay, Night analysis essay, Night essay, Night essay example, Night.
Loss of faith in night by elie wiesel essay
In Elie Wiesel s book, Night, Elie loses his faith in God because he experienced firsthand the Nazi death camp horrors. The Essay on Burning Flesh Elie God People can lead to. I think that Mr. Wiesel has thoroughly covered and expressed how necessary it. hands of. loss of loved ones. Night by Elie Wiesel. Home. Figurative Language. Loss of Faith. Due to the atrocities the Jewish experienced during the Holocaust, many lost their faith in humanity and God. Night, By Elie Wiesel is a devastatingly true story about one mans witness to the genocide of his own people. In this essay I will address three important topics expressed throughout the course of the book. First, I will discuss the struggle and eventual loss of religious faith by Elie in his battle to. Wiesel's Night is about what the Holocaust did, not. Elie's faith in God, above all other things, is strong at the beginning of the novel, but grows weaker as. it goes on. The incident that perhaps has the greatest.
In Elie Wiesel's book Night, he depicts himself as an innocent teenager, a child Elie began to realize the gravity of his current predicament, the cruelty of the Nazis and the world, and even loss his faith. Analysis: In the beginning of this essay the author explains how the loss of innocence is a result of Wiesel was considered a hero in Night because of his goodness just like the boy in The Road is. Approx Pages: 3. Save Essay. View my Saved Essays. Downloads: 22. There are many themes in the novel Night, by Elie Wiesel; some of these include loss of faith, father-son relationships, food and hunger, and disbelief. Eliezer's loss of faith makes one think how easily one might lose his own faith if put in Eliezer's same position. Let us write you a custom essay sample on A Reflection Paper on Night by Elie Wiesel. for only $16.38 $13.9/page.
View / hide essay. There are many themes in the novel Night, by Elie Wiesel; some of these include loss of faith, father-son relationships, food and hunger, and disbelief. One of the most interesting theme is the father-son relationship. Loss of Faith in Elie Wiesel's Night Essay -- Elie Wiesel. The book, Night, was written by Elie Wiesel to portray his Night Essay Outline by Mr. Kramer on PreziHow to Write a Successful Night Essay How does Elie Wiesel use figurative language to enhance the reader's experience. That turns a naive young boy into an agonized witness of the death of his family, his innocence and the death and loss of faith in his God (Wiesel, 2008). Night by Elie Wiesel Essayagain, and education will help prevent genocides in the future. In the face of evil man can surpass the death that. Night: Eli's Faith In God. Night Essay The novel Night, by Elie Wiesel is a clear representation of loss of faith from beginning to end. Elie begins the story as a child who cries when he.
Below is an essay on The Un-lost Faith of Eile Wiesel from Anti Essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Thanks to the book Night by Elie Wiesel, I have been reflecting on human suffering, pain of loss and bereavement. Color Rating. Essay on Loss of Faith and Religion in Ellie Wiesel's Night - The Holocaust survivor Abel Herzberg has said, There were not six million Jews murdered; there was one murder, six million times. Loss of Religion in Night, by Elie Wiesel Essay - What is religion. In his autobiography Night, Elie Wiesel shares his experiences in Auschwitz-Birkenau, one of The greatest change to Elie Wiesel's identity was his loss of faith in God. The student touches on WA 2.2d in the fourth paragraph of the essay, noticing the paradox in Wiesel's indifference to his own life. Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Elie Wiesel, God, Holocaust, Night. The review first appeared in January 2013 issue in Emel Magazine. Amidst the cruelties of man, Eliezer gives an harrowing account of life in the camps, his abandonment of his father and his loss of faith in God. | <urn:uuid:e152ac7d-27a9-4fc5-ae8e-af2a51cd83cd> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 6,097 |
The OpenJDK Revised Java Memory Model
The traditional Java Memory Model covers a lot in Java language semantic guarantees. In this article we will highlight a few of those semantics and provide a deeper understanding of them. We will also attempt to communicate the motivation for an update to the existing Java Memory Model (JMM) with respect to the semantics described in this article. Discussion related to this future update to JMM will be referred to as JMM9 in this article.
Java Memory Model
The existing Java Memory Model, as was defined in JSR 133 (henceforth referred to as JMM-JSR133) specifies consistency models for shared memory and also helps provide definitions for developers so that they can be consistent in representing the JMM-JSR133. The goal of the JMM-JSR133 specification was to ensure that the definition of the semantics for threads interacting through memory was refined so as to permit optimizations and provide a clear programming model. The JMM-JSR133 aimed at providing definitions and semantics such that multithreaded programs would not only be correct, but also be performant and have minimal impact on existing code base.
With this in mind, I would like to walk through certain semantic guarantees that were either overspecified or underspecified in JMM-JSR133, while highlighting the community-wide discussion related to how we can improve them in JMM9.
JMM9 - Sequential Consistent - Data Race Free Problem
JMM-JSR133 talked about execution of a program with respect to actions. Such an execution combines actions with orders to describe the relationship of those actions. In this article, I would like to expand on a few of the orders and relationships and then discuss what constitutes a sequentially consistent execution. Let’s start with “program order” - A program order for each thread is a total order that indicates the order in which all actions would be performed by that thread. Sometimes not all the actions need to be ordered. Hence we have some relationships that are only partially-ordered relationships. For example - “happens-before” and “synchronized-with” are two partially-ordered relationships. When one action happens-before another action; the first action is not only visible to the second action, it is also ordered before the second action. This relationship between those two actions is called a happens-before relationship. Sometimes, there are special actions that need to be ordered and they are called “synchronization actions”. Volatile reads and writes, monitor locks and unlocks, etc. are all examples of synchronization actions. A synchronization action induces the “synchronized-with” relation with that action. A synchronizes-with relationship is a partial-order which means not all the pairs of synchronization actions are included. The total order that spans over all the synchronization actions is called a “synchronization order” and every execution has a synchronization order.
Let’s now talk about sequential consistent execution - An execution which seems to occur in a total order over all its read and write actions is said to be sequentially consistent (SC). In an SC execution, the reads will always see the value written by the last write to that particular variable. When an SC execution exhibits no “data race”, then the program is said to be data-race free (DRF). Data races happen when a program has two accesses that are not ordered by the happens-before relation and when they are accessing the same variable and at-least one of those is a write access. SC for DRF means that DRF programs behave as if they are SC. But strictly supporting SC comes at a cost of performance - most systems will reorder memory operations to improve execution speed while “hiding” the latency of expensive operations. At the same time even the compilers could reorder code to optimize execution. In an effort to guarantee strict sequential consistency, all such reordering of memory operations or code optimization can’t be carried out and hence performance suffers. JMM-JSR133 already incorporates relaxed ordering restrictions and any re-ordering by the underlying compiler, cache-memory interactions and the JIT itself is not observable to the program.
Note: Expensive operations are the ones that take a lot of CPU cycles to complete and/or block an execution pipeline.
Performance is an important consideration for JMM9, and moreover any programming language memory model should ideally allow all developers to be able to take advantage of architectural memory models that are weakly-ordered. There are successful implementations and examples that relax strict ordering especially on weakly ordered architectures.
Note: Weak ordering refers to architectures that can reorder reads and writes and would need explicit memory barriers to curb such reordering.
JMM9 - Out-of-Thin-Air (OoTA) Problem
Another major JMM-JSR133 semantic is the prohibition of “Out-of Thin Air” (OoTA) values. The “happens-before” model can sometimes let variable values be created and read “out of thin air” since it doesn’t include causality requirements. An important point to note is that cause by itself doesn’t employ the notion of data and control dependencies as we will see in the following correctly synchronized code example where the illegal writes are caused by the writes themselves.
(Note: x and y are initialized to ‘0’) -
r1 = x;
r2 = y;
if (r1 != 0)
if (r2 != 0)
y = 42;
x = 42;
This code is happens-before consistent but not really sequentially consistent. For example - if r1 sees the write of x = 42 and r2 sees the write of y = 42, both x and y can have a value of 42, which is the result of a data-race condition.
r1 = x;
y = 42;
r2 = y;
x = 42;
Here, both of the writes were committed before the read of their variables and the reads would see the respective writes and that would lead to OoTA result.
Note: The data-race may happen as a result of speculation, that will eventually turn itself into self-fulfilling prophecy. OoTA guarantees are about adhering to causality rules. The current thinking is that causality can break with speculative writes. JMM9 aims at finding the cause of OoTA and refining ways to avoid OoTA.
In-order to prohibit the OoTA values, some writes need to wait for their reads in-order to avoid data races. Hence, the JMM-JSR133 definition of OoTA prohibition formalized the disallowance of OoTA reads. This formal definition consisted of “executions and causality requirements” of the memory model. Basically, a well-formed execution satisfied the causality requirements if all of the program actions could be committed.
Note: A well formed execution happens in an intra-thread obeying, “happens-before” and “synchronization-order” consistent execution when every read can see the write to the same variable.
As you can probably already tell, JMM-JSR133 definitions were tightened to not let OoTA values creep in. JMM9 aims to identify and correct the formal definition so that it allows for some common optimizations.
JMM9 - Volatile Actions On Non-Volatile Variables
First what is a ‘volatile’ keyword? - Java ‘volatile’ guarantees an interaction between threads such that when one thread writes to a volatile variable, that write is not the only thing visible to other threads, but also the other threads see all the writes visible to the thread that wrote to the volatile variable.
Now what happens to non-volatile variables? - non-volatile variables don’t have the benefit of the interaction guaranteed by the ‘volatile’ keyword. Hence, the compiler can use a cached value of the non-volatile variable instead of the ‘volatile’ guarantee that the ‘volatile’ variable will always be read from memory. The happens-before model can be used to tie synchronized access to the non-volatile variables.
Note: Declaring any field as ‘volatile’ doesn’t mean that locking is involved. Hence volatiles are less expensive than synchronizations that use locks. But it’s important to note that having multiple volatile fields inside your methods could make them more expensive than locking those methods.
JMM9 - Read And Write Atomicity Problem And The Word-Tearing Problem.
JMM-JSR133 also guaranteed (with exceptions) read and write atomicity for shared memory concurrent algorithms. The exceptions were for non-volatile long and double values where a write to either was treated as two separate writes. Thus a single 64-bit value could be written by two separate 32-bit writes, and a thread that is performing a read while one of those writes is still outstanding may see only half the correct value, hence losing atomicity. This is an example of how the atomicity guarantee relies on underlying hardware and also the memory subsystem. For instance, the underlying assembly instruction should be able handle the size of operands so as to guarantee atomicity, else if the read or write operation has to be split into more than one operation that ends up breaking atomicity (as is the case of non-volatile long and double values). Similarly, if the implementation causes more than one memory subsystem transaction, then that breaks atomicity.
Note: Volatile long and double fields and references are always guaranteed for read and write atomicity.
The favoring of one bit-ness over the other isn’t an ideal solution since if, the exception for 64 bit-ness is removed then, 32-bit architectures suffer. If the 64-bit architectures are penalized then you have to introduce ‘volatiles’ for longs and doubles whenever atomicity is desired even though the underlying hardware may guarantee atomic operations anyway. For example: volatiles are not needed with double fields since the underlying architecture or ISA or Floating Point Unit would take care of the atomicity needs of the 64-bit wide field. JMM9 aims at identifying the atomicity guarantee provided by the hardware.
JMM-JSR133 was written more than a decade ago; processor bit-ness has since evolved, and 64-bit has become the mainstream processing bit-ness. This immediately highlighted the compromise that JMM-JSR133 made with respect to 64-bit read and writes - although 64-bit values can be made atomic on any architecture, there is still a need to acquire locks on some architectures. Now, that makes 64-bit reads and writes expensive on those architectures. If a reasonable implementation of atomic 64-bit operations on 32-bit x86 architecture can’t be found, then the atomicity will not be changed.
Note: There is an underlying issue in language design, where the "volatile" keyword is overloaded with meanings. It is difficult for the runtime to figure out if the user put "volatile" to regain atomicity (and hence it can be stripped out on 64-bit platforms), or for memory ordering purposes.
When talking about access atomicity, the independence of read and write operations is an important consideration. A write to a particular field should not interact with a read from or write to any other field. This JMM-JSR133 guarantee means that synchronization should not be needed to provide sequential consistency. The JMM-JSR133 guarantee hence prohibits a problem known as “word-tearing”. Basically when an update to an operand wants to operate at a lower granularity than is made available by the underlying architecture for all its operands, we encounter “word-tearing”. An important point to remember is that the word-tearing problem is one of the reasons that 64-bit longs and doubles are not given an atomicity guarantee. Word-tearing is forbidden in JMM-JSR133 and will continue to stay that way for JMM9 as well.
JMM9 - The Final Field Problem
Final fields are different when compared with other fields. For example, a thread reading a “completely initialized" object with a final field ‘x’; after the object is “completely initialized”, is guaranteed to read the final field’s initialized value of ‘y’. The same can’t be guaranteed of a “normal” non-final field - ‘nonX’.
Note: “completely initialized” means that object’s constructor finishes.
In light of the above, there are some simple things that can be fixed in JMM9. For example: volatile fields - a volatile field initialized in a constructor is not guaranteed to be visible even if the instance itself is visible. Hence a question arises - should the final field guarantees be extended to all field initializations including volatiles? Also, if the value of a “normal” non-final field of a completely initialized object doesn’t change, can we extend the final fields guarantees to this “normal” field.
I have learned a lot from these websites and they also provide great example code sequences. My article should be considered an introductory article and the following are more suited for deeper grasp of the Java Memory Model.
- JSR 133: JavaTM Memory Model and Thread Specification Revision
- The Java Memory Model
- JAVA CONCURRENCY (&C)
- The jmm-dev Archives
- Threads and Locks
- Synchronization and the Java Memory Model
- All Accesses Are Atomic
- Java Memory Model Pragmatics (transcript)
- Memory Barriers: a Hardware View for Software Hackers
I would like to thank Jeremy Manson for helping me correct my various misunderstandings and providing cleaner definitions for terms that were new to me. I would also like to thank Aleksey Shipilev for helping with reducing the conceptual complexities that were present in the draft version of this article. Aleksey also guided me/us to his JMM-pragmatics article for deeper understanding, clarifications and examples.
About the Author
Monica Beckwith is a Java Performance Consultant. Her past experiences include working with Oracle/Sun and AMD; optimizing the JVM for server class systems. Monica was voted a Rock Star speaker @JavaOne 2013 and was the performance lead for Garbage First Garbage Collector (G1 GC). You can follow Monica on twitter @mon_beck
volatile fields in constructor
Can you please spare some time to comment on this? I would be very interested. Thanks! :)
Re: volatile fields in constructor
There is a discussion about this in the concurrency mailing list: cs.oswego.edu/pipermail/concurrency-interest/20...
I hope this helps clarify my point above. | <urn:uuid:61fed8fe-771b-408e-a0d9-e94ff9e3f1a0> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 14,154 |
Bob Bailey is the Chairman and CEO of Blue Willow Systems as well as its largest investor. Blue Willow is a Software-as-a-Service company that offers inexpensive hardware, software, monitoring, and Analytics for the Senior Living industry. There are over one million senior living residents in the United States. That number is going to double in the next ten years. There is going to be a tripling of Memory Care residents in that same timeframe. The confluence of robust wireless technologies; solid state sensors; and reliable, secure, Cloud services utilizing AI techniques is transforming many industries. But Senior Living and healthcare is overdue for such a transformation. Currently, the security and welfare of our parents and grandparents are dependent on often poorly trained hourly employees. Falls and “elopement” are life-threatening risks to our seniors. The current approach is a pull-string on the wall or a push button pendant for help. Blue Willow’s BlueConnect™ technology applies advanced technologies as well as advanced analytics to automate a higher standardized level of care and security for our seniors. Bob also is a part owner/investor in several Senior Living facilities.
Bob was the CEO and Chairman of PMC-Sierra for over 18 years, a leading provider of broadband communications and storage semiconductor technologies that helped companies like Alcatel, Cisco, HP, Huawei, NEC, Samsung, Mitsubishi, and EMC build the Internet. Mr. Bailey joined PMC-Sierra, then a private company, as President and Chief Executive Officer in November 1993. In 2000 PMC reached one billion in annualized revenues eight years from it’s founding. In 2008, after re-inventing PMC-Sierra from a telecom-centric company to an Enterprise Storage focused company, he retired from being CEO. In the “makeover” between 2001-2008 PMC shifted focus to enterprise storage to enable Cloud Computing hardware/software solutions, they shifted much of their market focus and development activities to Asia, and the corporate headquarters were moved to Silicon Valley from Vancouver, BC. As a result revenues quadrupled in that timeframe. Pre-tax profits exceeded 25% of revenues when Bob retired and the balance sheet was cash-rich. Bob remained Chairman for three years to facilitate an orderly transition. In May of 2011 Bob stepped down as Chairman of PMC-Sierra.
Prior to joining PMC-Sierra in August 1989, Bob joined AT&T’s ME Strategic Business Unit as Vice President of the Application Specific Integrated Circuits. Subsequently, AT&T-ME was spun out of Lucent Technologies as Agere Systems(acquired by LSI Logic). Bob was also at Texas Instruments (Dallas, TX) from 1979-1989 directly after graduation where he worked mostly in the semiconductor group in various engineering and management roles.
In 2000, Bob Bailey was named “CEO of the Year Award” by Electronic Business and was ranked as one of the “Top Ten CEOs of 2000” by Investor’s Business Daily. In December 1999, PMC-Sierra was awarded “Best Financially Managed Fabless Company” by the Fabless Semiconductor Association (FSA). The company won the prestigious “Kachina Award” from Cahners’ In-Stat, a semiconductor trade research organization, for being the “Best Financially Managed Fabless Semiconductor Company” in May 1998.
Bob Bailey has been involved in over 20 acquisitions and subsequent integrations. The most recent being the acquisitions of the storage unit of Avago Technologies (formerly part of Agilent) and the Israeli-based Fiber-to-the-Home leader, Passave. As a result PMC-Sierra, Inc. became the leading supplier of enabling technologies used to build the next generation Internet to service more advanced applications like video-on-demand, Enterprise Storage, wireless datacom, and Cloud Computing.
Currently, he is also on the Board of Micron Technologies, Inc.(a $25B memory company), and is Chairman and CEO of Blue Willow Systems(a Senior Living resident monitoring system company). Bob is also investing/building several Senior Assisted Living Facilities in the Pacific NW and is an advisor to, and/or invested in, several private technology companies (such as Movidius(acquired by Intel), Hedvig(Software Defined Storage), Connfianz(Hispanic skin cream company), Mercatus(Investment Lifecycle Management software for the Energy sector), Uplevel Systems(Cloud-based SMB Networking) and others).
Bob and his wife are involved with many charitable endeavors such as the Blaine Boys and Girls Club, Dollar for Scholars, the PeaceHealth St. Joseph Hospital foundation, and the Whatcom Hospice Foundation amongst others. In 2012, Bob and Lisa Bailey were recognized as “Philanthropist’s of the Year” by PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center Foundation.
Bob received a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Bridgeport (Bridgeport, CT) in May 1979. In 1983, he received a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Dallas (Irving, TX). He also attended Stanford Business School’s AEA Executive Program in 1993. | <urn:uuid:b5c21212-8c04-4ec1-8afe-62c8c36842b1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,056 |
DDMF DirectionalEQ v1.0.5 [WiN-OSX] Incl Keygen
Team R2R | Dec 26 2016 | WiN 30 MB | OSX 33 MB
Traditional EQs influence the spectrum of the whole stereo field simultaneously. L/R or Mid-Side-EQs allow you to treat the two channels or the mid and the side signal simultaneously. DirectionalEQ takes this concept one big step further: now you can equalize all directions in the stereo field independently! With five bands, each of them providing state-of-the-art filter types (including 64 bit processing and 2x oversampling) plus the unique ability to specify the direction in which the channel is operational. So you need more bass at 2 o’clock, less midrange at 11 o’clock and a bit more treble from the left? No problem at all, that’s exactly what this EQ has been made for!
Available in VST, AAX (32/64 bit) and RTAS (32 bit) format for Windows and VST, AU, AAX (32/64 bit) and RTAS (32 bit) format for Mac (10.6 and higher).
Directional equalization per angle in the stereo field
5 independent bands, 8 filter types per band
64 bit internap processing
2 x oversampling for a smooth high end
CLiCK HERE FOR DOWNLOAD: | <urn:uuid:a4bf6663-b002-4004-9bb8-24658f9e2a5f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,120 |
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2.20 Carat Channel Set Princess Cut Diamond Eternity Band. Diamond Color H, Clarity VS. Each Princess Diamond 0.10 Carat. Handcrafted in your choice of 14k Gold, 18k Gold or Platinum 950 setting. We also offer a 1-Year Layaway program. You can reach us at 1-888-967-5353 to speak to one of our jewelry specialist. | <urn:uuid:7a8ef8cb-1c54-48ad-b621-f4593c241f8f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 358 |
Welcome new students and Avalanche Boarders!
The new school year is about to start, but before the serious stuff starts we are going to chill and party during the intro week. At several moments during this week there will be promotional activities at which we will be present. Our goal is to seek out the boarders and ‘boarders-to-be’ from this years batch of new students. The schedule is as follows:
- Monday: Flyering at limbopad – 9:00 – 10:00
- Tuesday: Sportsmarket at Green Strip Festival – 9:00 – 17:00
- Wednesday: Balance board session at Theta – 10:00 – 18:00
- Thursday: Trampoline trick practice session as sports centrum – 13:00 – 17:00
- Friday: Hangover day – all day – everywhere
Don’t know what to do quite yet? Visit our intro camp on the 18th to 20th of September. Send an email to email@example.com (Also come if you do want to become a member. And if you just want to meet us. It’s an awesome weekend. Trust us).
See ya soon!
The intro week stakings club – Sergio, David, Jeroen, Ruben, Niek and Martijn | <urn:uuid:e26ad47b-170f-4cff-8db9-21cd3bf62f54> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,025 |
Join us to celebrate Culture Days on October 1st! With over 400 events in Manitoba, there will be plenty to see and do.
We will be opening up a rehearsal of our high school tour Shattered from 4-6pm at the Asper Centre for Theatre and Film (400 Colony Streets). Feel free to pop in and see how the show is shaping up or stay for a while to see the actors run through the piece. Find details here.
Or stop by during Nuit Blanche festivities that night. We will be joining forces with poet Carmelo Militano at Peg Beer Co. with his poetry reading at 8pm and a performance of the monologue Doing It for the Fame by Makrenna Sterdan and featuring Kim Kakegamic at 9pm. Full info here. | <urn:uuid:7efece62-4239-4fa7-8f68-dcd2df8b494f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 680 |
To efficiently and accurately quantify the interactions of bacteria with mammalian cells, a reliable fluorescence microscopy assay was developed. Bacteria were engineered to become rapidly and stably fluorescent using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expressed from an inducible Tet promoter. Upon application of the fluorescent bacteria onto a monolayer, extracellular bacteria could be discriminated from intracellular bacteria by antibody staining and microscopy. All bacteria could be detected by GFP expression. External bacteria stained orange, whereas internalised bacteria did not. Internalised bacteria could thus be discriminated from external bacteria by virtue of being green but not orange fluorescent. Image acquisition and counting of various fluorophore-stained entities were accomplished with a high-content screening platform. This allowed for semi-automated and accurate counting of intracellular and extracellular bacteria.
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Glamorous Leather Chesterfield Sectional For Living Room Furniture Interior Design | <urn:uuid:00af9106-d313-465d-ba5a-bae7d1dc6595> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,586 |
Stocks advance, sterling rises despite confidence vote in PM
Positive signs on outlook for US-China trade talks lift markets
British Prime Minister Theresa May is facing a no confidence vote after 48 Conservative MPs sent letters indicating a loss of belief in her ability to successfully navigate a Brexit deal. Photograph: Julien Warnand/EPA
Stocks advanced globally following positive signs on the outlook for US-China trade talks, and the pound edged higher even as a vote of confidence in the British prime minister was announced.
In the UK, markets took news that Theresa May will face a vote of confidence from the Conservative Party she leads in stride, with sterling and gilts both nudging higher.
US equity futures and European shares climbed following big gains in Asia after Canada granted bail to the chief financial officer of China’s Huawei Technologies and President Donald Trump said he’d consider intervening in the case if it helped get a China deal.
As well as the roller coaster news flow on the trade war and Brexit, investors are also keeping watch on the risk of a shutdown of parts of the federal US government, with Mr Trump at odds with Democratic leaders in Congress over funding for a border wall with Mexico.
Elsewhere, oil traded around $52 a barrel in New York, and Treasuries were flat after Trump warned the Federal Reserve against hiking interest rates this month. India’s bonds rallied after an ally of Prime Minister Narendra Modi was named as new central bank chief.
In France, the spread between government bond yields and those in Germany rose to the highest since the 2017 election. France’s Prime Minister Edouard Philippe confirmed that President Emmanuel Macron’s efforts to meet protester demands will have an impact on the country’s deficit, with the situation causing a new headache for the EU in its talks over the Italian budget. – Bloomberg | <urn:uuid:899f30a4-9b37-4483-9879-23b92416226e> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,890 |
S.1499 - Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Safety Technology Investment Flexibility Act of 2015114th Congress (2015-2016)
|Sponsor:||Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI] (Introduced 06/03/2015)|
|Committees:||Senate - Environment and Public Works|
|Latest Action:||Senate - 06/03/2015 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions)|
This bill has the status Introduced
Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
Summary: S.1499 — 114th Congress (2015-2016)All Information (Except Text)
Introduced in Senate (06/03/2015)
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Safety Technology Investment Flexibility Act of 2015
This bill makes eligible for funding under the National Highway Performance Program, the Surface Transportation Program, and the Highway Safety Improvement Program projects for the installation of vehicle-to-infrastructure communication equipment.
"Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication equipment" means equipment that provides a wireless exchange of critical safety and operational data between highway infrastructure and vehicles in order to avoid or mitigate vehicle collisions and enable a wide range of other safety, mobility, and environmental benefits. | <urn:uuid:df325bd2-31f5-4acf-91b4-0a04c2a4454f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,187 |
Relationship between Teachers’ Attitudes and the Utilization of Instructional Materials in Pre-Primary Schools in Kenya
The purpose of this research was to establish whether there was a significant relationship between teachers’ attitudes and levels of utilization of instructional materials (IM) in Pre-Primary Schools in Kenya. The study adopted the Ecological Systems Theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design and data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. A sample of 164 teachers comprising of 76.2% females and 23.8% males participated in the study. Results established that 86.4% of the teachers had positive attitudes towards the instructional practice. In terms of utilization of instructional materials, the researchers determined that 62.1% of the respondents achieved high levels while 37.9% attained low levels of utilization of instructional materials across the Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) activity areas. The Chi-Square results revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between teachers’ attitudes and utilization of instructional materials (χ2 = 4.094; d.f.= 2; p = 0.043). Further analysis using the regression test revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between teachers’ positive attitudes and levels of utilization of instructional materials (β =0.516; p = 0.001). These findings established that teachers who had positive attitudes attained higher levels of utilization of instructional materials in their classrooms compared to their counterparts who had negative attitudes. Therefore, it was concluded that teachers’ attitudes were a significant factor in promoting the utilization of instructional materials in ECDE activities. This implies that a positive attitude is an important attribute of a pre-primary school teacher. Therefore, there is a need to inculcate positive attitudes towards the utilization of instructional materials among teachers during pre-service and in-service training sessions to promote the best practices in instruction at the pre-primary school level.
Abaya, H. M. (2017). Influence of instructional materials on pre-school children’s learning achievement in number work in Matungu division, Kakamega County. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Nairobi.
Achola, O. R., Gudo, C. O. & Odongo, B. (2016). Implications of instructional materials on oral skills among early childhood learners in central zone, Kisumu County, Kenya. International J. Educ. Pol., Res. Rev, 3 (2), 20-28.
Adebayo, O. O., & Adigun, S. Q. (2018). Impact of Instructional Aids on Students’ Academic Performance in Physics in Secondary Schools in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14 (4), 366-376.
Afework, T. H., & Asfaw, M. B. (2014). The availability of school facilities and their effects on the quality of education in government primary schools of Harari Regional State and East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. Middle Eastern & African Journal of Educational Research, 11, 59-71.
Al-Zaidiyeen, N. J., Mei, L. L., & Fook, F. S. (2010). Teachers’ Attitudes and Levels of Technology Use in Classrooms: The Case of Jordan Schools. International education studies, 3 (2), 211-218.
Anini, F. (2011). Design and production of instructional materials made with leather for pre-school education in Ghana. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Bakr, S. M. (2011). Attitudes of Egyptian teachers towards computers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2 (4), 308-318.
Barnard, J. (1998). Factors affecting the uptake of CAL in further education. Higher Education Close Up Conference. Preston: University of Central Lancashire.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In: R. Vasta (Ed.), Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues (pp. 187–249). New York: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Cavas, B., Cavas, P., Karaoglan, B.& Kisla, T. (2010). A study on science teachers’ attitude toward information and education. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 8:20-32.
Chacha, F., Mwanda, S., & Midigo, R. (2017). Use of Instructional Media in Elementary Schools in Kenya: Understanding Teacher Attitude and Perceived Pedagogical Value of Picture Books. International Journal of Elementary Education, 6 (6), 53.
Chepkemoi, K. F. (2016). Factors influencing the Selection of Instructional Resources in Teaching Pre-Schools in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 4 (11), 353-560.
Chepkonga, M. C. (2017). Influence of learning facilities on the provision of quality education in early childhood development centres in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 5 (6), 15-26.
Digolo, O. C. (1986). A study of utilization of community resources of primary schools to provide relevance in education. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, Kenyatta University.
Karimi, A. (2012). A Study of instructional strategies and utilization of resources in social studies in primary teachers’ Colleges in Kenya. Unpublished M. Ed. Thesis. Kenyatta University.
Kenya Institute for Curriculum Development (KICD) (2017). Pre-Primary One (PP1) Curriculum. Nairobi: KICD.
Kimui, W. (1990). A study of availability and use of learning and teaching resources in primary teachers’ colleges in Kenya. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Kenyatta University.
Maddahian, E., & Bird, M. (2004). Conceptual Framework for a Culturally Relevant and Responsive Educational Model. Los Angeles Unified School District. Programme evaluation and research branch planning, assessment and research division. Publication No. 178.
Makokha, E. L. (2017). Determinants of pre-primary school teachers’ use of improvised materials in science instruction in Bungoma East Sub County, Bungoma County, Kenya. Doctoral Thesis. Kenyatta University.
Mayer, R. E. (2005). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In: Mayer, R. E. (Ed), The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Msei, I. (1985). A survey of resources for teaching and learning of Kiswahili in some selected primary schools of Central Division Iveti South, Machakos District, Kenya. Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, University of Nairobi.
Mueller, J., & Wood, E. (2012). Patterns of beliefs, attitudes, and characteristics of teachers that influence computer integration. Education Research International, 2012.
Mugenda, O. & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.
Mwololo, J. N., Koech, B. G., Begi, N., & Mutweleli, S. M. (2011). Pre-School Teachers’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Use of Visual Media In Instructional Delivery In Kibwezi District, Kenya. Journal of research in education and society, 2(1), 97-105.
Njoki, N. G. N. (2014). Utilization of instructional media for quality training in pre-primary school teacher training colleges in Nairobi County, Kenya. PhD Thesis, Kenyatta University.
Odejobi, C. O. (2014). A Comparative Study of Language Instructional Delivery System between Nursery Schools in Rural and Urban Areas in Osun State. World Journal of Education, 4 (5), 31-39.
Omayio, J. K. (2013). Effect of Instructional Resources on Children’s Number Work Performance in Pre-Schools in Isibania Zone, Migori County. Doctoral Thesis. University of Nairobi.
Onadiran, G. T., & Onadiran, R. W. (1981). Public library services in Nigeria. International library review, 13 (4), 409-433.
Wambua, M. (1988). A survey of resources for teaching and learning environmental education in primary teachers’ colleges in Kenya. Unpublished M.Ed. P.T.E Project. Kenyatta University.
Yalcin, S. A., Kahraman, S., & Yilmaz, Z. A. (2011). Primary school teachers and instructional technologies self-efficacy levels. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 28, 499-502.
Copyright (c) 2020 Joseph K Waigera, Maureen Mweru, PhD, Lucy Ngige, PhD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:d0f8832a-badc-456b-8342-7462d534a270> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 8,047 |
The science behind hangovers
There are three main components of recovering from a hangover. Rehydrating your body is the most important step in recovering from a hangover. To further accelerate recovery, detoxing removes the buildup of toxins caused by alcohol consumption. Lastly, it’s important to restore nutrients lost while drinking.
Causes & Symptoms of Hangovers
Hangovers are caused by the dehydration and nutrient depletion caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The end result is an array of symptoms that can be debilitating. The symptoms of a hangover can last for hours without proper treatment.
Symptoms of a hangover include:
- Upset stomach
- Muscle aches
Treat hangovers with IV therapy
BotoxRn’s IV Hangover Treatment is a quick and effective method to quickly combat hangover symptoms within 30-60 minutes. Our treatment rehydrates your body, helps you flush out toxins, restores nutrients lost during a night of heavy drinking, and cleanses your system. Our formula includes anti-nausea and anti-inflammatory medications to provide fast relief so you’ll be back to feeling normal in no time.
- IV Fluids: A sterile saline solution that delivers nutrients directly into your bloodstream, rehydrates your body, and ensures 100% absorption.
- Vitamin B12: A B-Complex vitamin associated with preventing memory loss and improving concentration, as well as boosting energy levels.
- B-Complex Vitamins: A complex of 8 different vitamins that perform a range of vital functions including cardiovascular support, helping your body convert food into energy, immune function, and more.
- Anti-Nausea Medication: Helps calm your stomach and improve your comfort during your recovery.
- Anti-Inflammatory Medication: Helps ease headaches and muscle aches that can occur when you have a hangover, improving your overall comfort during recovery.
- Fast, Effective Hangover Treatment with Drip Hydration | <urn:uuid:90151462-61c9-4162-831d-c2ad9c4b38c6> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,911 |
In September 2005, I accompanied two Mowachaht/Muchalaht fisheries experts up the northwest coast of Vancouver Island aboard the tribe's...
In September 2005, I accompanied two Mowachaht/Muchalaht fisheries experts up the northwest coast of Vancouver Island aboard the tribe’s lightweight Zodiac. As we returned to the deep canyon fjord of Nootka Sound, a call came over the radio from the First Nation’s stewardship boat. Luna was playing at the Gold River dock.
Within minutes, we were looking for the mischievous orca. At first there was no sign of him. We idled slowly from one end of the dock to the other. “False alarm,” I thought. Then I saw his head bob up beside the rusty hull of a large boat.
Fisheries coordinator Jamie James leaned over the side of the Zodiac and snapped his fingers below the surface of the water. Luna immediately swam over to us like a happy sea puppy. He seemed to recognize Jamie, and he eyed me with curiosity. I was stunned.
For the next hour, a rambunctious Luna swam back and forth between our boats as we led him from potential trouble and out toward the ocean. He gently pushed us from side to side.
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He dove with playful agility beneath the hull and pushed us along from the back of the Zodiac. Luna did backflips and splashed the water with his tail and pectoral fins. He surfed in our wake and rubbed up against the side of the boat.
All I could say — over and over — was, “He’s amazing!” I feel blessed to have encountered this special creature. He struck me as a sweet, gentle, childlike spirit.
I took many photographs of Luna that day and have since written about the iconic orca for several publications. It is a compelling narrative.
At a time when salmon runs are at historic lows, northern glaciers are melting at an alarming rate and earthquakes and cyclones are wiping out entire communities, Luna’s presence among humans serves as a poignant reminder about our responsibility as stewards over this fragile Earth and its endangered creatures. | <urn:uuid:735bb180-8f7d-4009-af79-34755acbd012> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,401 |
The Countess headed to the beach town with her fiance to catch some rays and hang with other A-Listers at the opening of new hotspot SL East!
Countess LuAnn is livin’ the life. The Bravo reality star jetted off to the Hamptons over Memorial Day weekend to celebrate the opening of the lavish new nightclub, SL East. The club’s inauguration was held on May 28 and featured DJ Chachi on the turntables fellow stars Russell Simmons, Lance Bass, and Gossip Girl’s Matthew Settle and a special performance by Dawn and Kaleena of Diddy Dirty Money, who according to one source had club-goers on their feet throughout the late hours of the night as they performed their new single, “I’m Coming Home” among other hits.SL East, the newest club by prominent New York hospitality company EMM Group, is located in East Hampton and boasts a traditional New York-style nightclub. The 7,000-square-foot venue is sure to indulge any party-goer with its sleek decor, extravagant light fixtures, and state-of-the-art sound system.
The main room is innovated with plush banquettes and a center row aptly called “the catwalk.” There’s no doubt the Countess and friends had any problem partying with her friends as the design of the room ensures guests can take in the club’s every extraordinary element at any vantage point.
The opening of SL East is a great way to start off the summer, but celebrities like LuAnn will have to make great use of the stunning social scene before the club closes on Labor Day. | <urn:uuid:1f54373c-7e0a-4c9f-86c9-9158646cfa54> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,488 |
Having caught myself up to my satisfaction with the nominees in all the categories, I went to the Loncon3 site and voted, taking care to place each nominee with the ranking I thought it or they deserved. I look forward to seeing how my own votes match the overall final choices.
If you are planning to vote this year for the Hugos, a couple of notes: First, please do try to vote in as many categories as you can. There are a lot of potential voters this year — it’s going to be the largest Worldcon by attendance in decades, it appears — and each category (as I understand it) has to garner votes equalling at least 25% of the overall voter tally in order to be verified. Do your reading and watching, and make the effort to be a good voting citizen. Two, if you’re curious about how the “no award” vote works with regard to the Hugos, for whatever reason, here’s a pretty good run down on what it is and how to use it effectively. Remember also that the Hugo vote is a preferential ballot — you rank the nominees, not merely just vote for one.
Also, don’t worry if you haven’t voted yet; you have until July 31st. I’m just voting slightly ahead of the curve this year. That said, don’t put it off until the very last minute, either — there’s nothing like hundreds of people trying to get their votes in at 11:50 on July 31 to make Loncon3’s servers cry. Read up, note your preferences, rank the nominees in each category, and then — vote!
(And yes, I will remind you a couple more times before voting closes. I’m helpful like that.) | <urn:uuid:68c03ff1-5a7e-41c9-bc47-2d3f1350f89f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,534 |
1906 SF earthquake
2005 Hurricane Katrina
Tiffany M. Gardner, Alec Irwin, and Curtis W. Peterson. No shelter from the storm: Reclaiming the right to housing and protecting the health of vulnerable communities in post-Katrina New Orleans
“Eight years after Hurricane Katrina, many evacuees yet to return” Al Jezeera. http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/8/29/eight-years-afterkatrinalowincomeevacueeshaveyettoreturn.html
“Hurricane Katrina evacuees: who they are, where they are, and how they are faring.” http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2008/03/art3full.pdf
2012 Hurricane Sandy
Rutgers University Sandy Special: http://njdatabank.newark.rutgers.edu/special-sandy
Hurricane Sandy’s Disproportionate Impact on NYC’s Most Vulnerable Communities: http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ahuang/hurricane_sandys_disproportion.html
ONE YEAR LATER: HOUSING MISSION PROVIDES MORE THAN SHELTER TO SANDY SURVIVORS (NJ FEMA): http://www.fema.gov/news-release/2013/09/26/one-year-later-housing-mission-provides-more-shelter-sandy-survivors
white house sandy page: http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/hurricane/sandy
nyc “A Stronger, More Resilient New York” plan : http://www.nyc.gov/html/sirr/html/report/report.shtml
interactive map of damage in new jersey: http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/13/03/14/assessing-damage-from-superstorm-sandy/
OEM Sandy page http://www.nyc.gov/html/oem/html/get_prepared/sandy_relief_recovery.shtml
MAYOR BLOOMBERG ANNOUNCES NEW $5.5 MILLION MATCHING GRANT PROGRAM FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IMPACTED BY HURRICANE SANDY: http://www.nyc.gov/html/fund/downloads/pdf/press_releases/441-12%20%28Small%20Business%20Grants%29.pdf
Updates on NYC’s Hurricane Sandy Recovery: http://www.mikebloomberg.com/index.cfm?objectid=00608188-C29C-7CA2-FFD9BB1F6B6B7D75
Christie unveils billion-dollar Sandy recovery plan: http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/christie_chronicles/Christie-unveils-billion-dollar-Sandy-recovery-plan.html
Mayor Bloomberg Announces New Hurricane Sandy Recovery Initiatives for NYC, Posted By Lori Zimmer On February 6, 2013: link:http://inhabitat.com/nyc/mayor-bloomberg-announces-new-hurricane-sandy-recovery-initiatives-for-nyc/
This morning, Mayor Michael Bloomberg outlined NYC’s new Hurricane Sandy Recovery plan, which shows how the allotted $1.77 billion in federal grants will be used. The funds will aid those suffering from the most damage through a series of eight programs that will not only help rebuild, but also get businesses back on their feet and help communities grow stronger through the reconstruction process. The eight programs will fall under three categories: housing recovery, business recovery and infrastructure resiliency.
Housing recovery will rebuild in three measures. For single family homes, $350 million will be allocated to help the 9,300 households whose homes were damaged or destroyed during the hurricane. $250 million will help the 12,790 multi-family units that were damaged or destroyed in the form of grants and low-interest loans. Public housing developments will also be upgraded with preventative measures, such as back up generators and other features thanks to a grant of $120 million.
For Sandy-ravaged businesses , a total of $185 million will help business owners get back on their feet. Small and mid-sized companies could be eligible for $100,000 investments, with $1 million set aside in resiliency investments for large companies. Low interest loans will also be available for affected businesses up to $150,000, as well as grants of up to $60,000. An extra $5 million will be allocated for “Race to the Top “ style competitions, which would invigorate and encourage projects featuring resiliency products and technologies to serve as models for other businesses to prevent future damage in natural disasters.
Finally, $140 million in funds will help reinforce the city’s infrastructure in the affected neighborhoods. To reinstate these areas as thriving centers, $100 million will go toward new projects such as attracting new or growing companies to help affected areas thrive economically. In addition to the economic incentive, $40 million will be awarded to projects that reinforce utilities such as liquid fuel networks, renewable energy systems and telecommunications.
Article printed from Inhabitat New York City: http://inhabitat.com/nyc
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Hurricane Sandy Recovery: http://inhabitat.com/tag/hurricane-sandy/
aid those suffering from the most damage: http://inhabitat.com/nyc/nyc-restore-mayor-bloomberg-launches-new-one-stop-hurricane-sandy-recovery-locations-in-hardest-hit-neighborhoods/nyc-restore-restoration-cen/
homes were damaged: http://inhabitat.com/nyc/femas-new-maps-for-nyc-add-35000-homes-to-flood-zones/
Sandy-ravaged businesses: http://inhabitat.com/nyc/sandy-destroyed-persian-carpet-made-of-real-sugar-gets-restored-thanks-to-domino-sugar/
NYC Mayors Office: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycmayorsoffice/
March 29, 2013
New York Times: Relying on Hotel Rooms for Thousands Uprooted by Hurricane Sandy
Five months after Hurricane Sandy, more than 2,000 people who were displaced by the storm remain in hotels in New York City, leading some officials to acknowledge that the city had not been prepared for the challenges in finding them housing.
City officials said those still in hotels were mostly poor, with no home to return to or not enough income to qualify for available apartments. They have also had difficulty obtaining assistance from existing disaster programs, social service groups said.
There are more than 900 households scattered among more than 45 hotels around the city in federal and city hotel programs, officials said. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is expected to spend tens of millions of dollars on the hotel rooms, at an average cost of $252 a night.
About 7,000 residents went to evacuation shelters in the weeks after the storm on Oct. 29.
The city’s commissioner of homeless services, Seth Diamond, said in an interview this week that pulling together resources for the poorest of those displaced had taken time. But Mr. Diamond emphasized that hundreds of families were in the pipeline for public-housing apartments that have opened up in recent weeks. Another 150 families are expected to receive vouchers that subsidize 70 percent of their rents, he said, but they are required to go through evaluations, including background checks.
Until the needs of the evacuees were assessed, he said, “The hotels provided flexibility and availability that you can’t get anywhere else.”
City officials said the hotel stays should end by April 30 but they would not offer guarantees that everyone would move into apartments.
Some evacuees said they had been told by case workers that they could end up back in a shelter if no housing was available by the end of the month.
“Shelter is one of many possibilities,” said Barbara Brancaccio, a spokeswoman for the city’s Department of Homeless Services. But, she said, the ultimate goal was to get everyone permanent housing.
While FEMA pays for the hotels, long-term rental assistance, which the city is requesting, depends on recovery funds that are subject to Congressional approval and interagency agreements.
Some housing experts and elected officials said the city’s reliance on hotels underscored how federal and local disaster planning had to be revised to include more emergency rental assistance.
“Why are we spending money on hotels instead of helping families pay the rent?” asked Rosanne Haggerty, president of Community Solutions, a nonprofit organization in New York that works to end homelessness. She added, “For a fraction of the cost, families could be in a stable situation and getting a running start in putting their lives together.”
The damage from Hurricane Sandy revealed how many residents of coastal areas in New York, especially in Brooklyn and Queens, were renters with low incomes.
Of more than half a million households across New York and New Jersey that registered for assistance from FEMA by February, 43 percent made less than $30,000 a year, according to studies by Enterprise Community Partners and the Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy at New York University.
Some of those who have still not found permanent housing had been living in illegal basement apartments and in other living arrangements without leases or other documents needed for apartment hunting or immediate federal rental assistance. A small group, about 2 percent, are illegal immigrants and another small group has not cooperated in efforts to place them, officials testified at a City Council hearing in February.
But mostly, they are poor.
The city has encouraged those who were displaced to register with its Housing Recovery Portal, which opened in early December with 2,500 vacant apartments. But as many as 80 percent of those still in hotels cannot afford the listings, according to the city’s Department of Housing Preservation and Development.
Advocates for homeless people and some city officials say a more effective response must be put together before the next storm. “The city may have been overly optimistic,” said Councilman Brad Lander, a Brooklyn Democrat and housing expert. “You need to have emergency rental vouchers ready to be deployed.”
For now, the city’s hotel evacuees share the fate of other disaster survivors.
After Hurricane Katrina, which destroyed a greater portion of the housing stock in New Orleans than Hurricane Sandy did in New York, thousands of residents remained in hotels for years.
“The problem with hotels is that it’s not a normal life — you can’t cook a meal,” said Martha J. Kegel, executive director of Unity of Greater New Orleans, a coalition of agencies that helped place residents. “You can’t even store much food. There’s going to be domestic violence because there’s not enough room. It’s not a good situation for people to be long-term.”
Wanda Wilson, a guest of the Park Central Hotel near Times Square since February, broke down in tears twice in conversation, as if Hurricane Sandy had just hit her ground-floor studio apartment in Coney Island, which, she said, was still damaged.
Ms. Wilson, who is 29 and has a 1-year-old son and a 5-year-old daughter, said the stylish but cramped hotel room, which does not have a kitchen, had not been easy on her two children and her husband, who, she said, had been hospitalized with mental illness and is now in jail because of a fight.
For now, Ms. Wilson spends her days trying to find an apartment, home schooling her daughter, Daleena, and visiting the Disney store and Toys “R” Us in Times Square, where the Ferris wheel reminds the family of the Coney Island Boardwalk before the storm.
“The whole situation is really messed up,” she said. “It’s a waste of money.”
MAYOR BLOOMBERG, HUD SECRETARY DONOVAN AND REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY GROUPS ANNOUNCE THE LAUNCH OF NYC HOUSING RECOVERY TO HELP VICTIMS OF HURRICANE SANDY MOVE INTO HOUSING
Apartments in Privately-Owned Buildings Being Made Available to Households Displaced by Hurricane Sandy
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Secretary Shaun Donovan, New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development Commissioner Mathew M. Wambua, and Director of Housing Recovery Operations Brad Gair today announced NYC Housing Recovery, a City initiative to make a pool of vacant apartments available exclusively for New Yorkers that have been displaced from their homes because of Hurricane Sandy. Displaced households will be able to register with the City for assistance in finding short or long-term housing through this new program. Leaders of the City’s major real estate trade organizations including Rent Stabilization Association President Joseph Strasburg, the New York State Association for Affordable Housing President Donald Capoccia, and the Real Estate Board of New York President Steven Spinola, have worked to mobilize their memberships to help set aside thousands of apartments over the coming months for lease to storm victims.
“Thousands of New Yorkers can’t live in their homes, either due to severe structural damage, or a lack of heat and electricity,” said Mayor Bloomberg. “As we work to repair those damaged homes as quickly as possible, we are also working to connect people to housing options that fit their individual needs. This program will help New Yorkers who need a safe, warm place to stay, especially as the cold weather sets in.”
“This initiative is an important step to ensuring that those who lost or were displaced from their homes have all available resources to locate new housing,” said HUD Secretary Donovan. “It is imperative that we continue to work across federal, state and local lines combining government and private initiatives to ensure that families can find a safe, stable place to rebuild their lives.”
“This program will be immensely helpful and a lifeline to New Yorkers who are desperate for housing. In 2011, when I proposed the creation of an online housing application, many benefits to an online system were noted,” said Speaker Christine C. Quinn. “I am thrilled that this system will now help even more New Yorkers and serve as a tool in aiding Hurricane Sandy victims. I would like to thank NYSAFAH, RSA, and REBNY for working with their members to set aside thousands of invaluable housing units.”
As a result of Hurricane Sandy, many New Yorkers across the city are unable to stay in or return to their homes and need to find stable short-term or long-term housing solutions. New Yorkers who have been displaced by the storm can create an account on the NYC Housing Recovery online portal to learn about housing options and find guidance on how to pursue housing opportunities on their own, or with help from the City with the aim of signing rental leases with the property owners and landlords.
“The need for shelter is something we all understand, and helping to provide relief to those most in need has been the imperative for all involved in this effort. In a city with extremely low vacancy rates, finding housing after losing your home or apartment can seem overwhelming. By pooling available apartments and providing guidance, and with the invaluable cooperation of our partners in the real estate industry, our hope is that we’re taking some of the hardship out of the search,” said HPD Commissioner Wambua. “Finding interim housing is a much needed step towards regaining stability and beginning the recovery process.”
“We’re making quick progress in getting displaced New Yorkers back in their homes through NYC Rapid Repairs,” said Housing Recovery Operations Director Gair. “But for people whose homes need more than a quick fix, tapping into the vacant apartment stock is a great solution. Our partners in government and the private sector have been instrumental in getting these initiatives up and running.”
People should first register online with FEMA or by calling 1-800-621-3362 to receive a FEMA registration number and a determination letter, or e-mail stating that they are eligible for FEMA’s rental assistance because they cannot return to their homes. Depending on location and the type of apartment chosen for relocation, FEMA’s rental assistance may help offset the cost of rent at the new apartment. If a household did not qualify through FEMA, but are not able to stay in or return to their home due to the storm, they may still register at NYC Housing Recovery, though housing options may be more limited.
Once registered with FEMA, New Yorkers can go to www.nyc.gov to find out more about NYC Housing Recovery and where they can register with the City on the portal and learn about the housing opportunities. Registering with the City will allow displaced New Yorkers to be kept informed of any additional housing options should they become available. After completing a profile, they will be presented with two options:
The NYC Housing Recovery portal has been launched in its beta version in an effort to begin to address the housing emergency and connect people to available units as quickly as possible. The City will assess the system in real time as it is being used, and will address any issues as they arise.
If the internet isn’t an option, people can call 311 to be directed to storm housing representatives who are available from 8am – 8pm, seven days a week. These representatives will register people over the phone and help guide them through the process. People may also go to any of the City’s Restoration Centers where representatives will be on hand to assist with the registration process.
“NYSAFAH is proud to be a part of New York City’s initiative to secure housing for displaced victims of Hurricane Sandy,” said Alison Badgett, Executive Director of the New York State Association for Affordable Housing. “Our members are eager to help in housing the many low- and moderate-income families who were impacted by the storm. With hundreds of units dedicated to this effort, New York’s affordable housing industry is working with HPD to provide individuals and families the security and comfort of a home when they need it most.”
“Hurricane Sandy left many New Yorkers without a roof over their heads or a safe place to call home. As the largest real estate industry trade organization in New York, the RSA has made it our mission to understand and respond to the needs of our City’s tenants,” said Joseph Strasburg, president of the Rent Stabilization Association. “In this time of crisis those needs are paramount, and we are proud to be a key partner in this effort to provide relief and shelter to victims of the storm. Working with our partners in government, RSA members have answered the call to lend to a hand to our fellow New Yorkers by making hundreds of apartments available.”
“Hurricane Sandy had a devastating impact on several of the City’s neighborhoods. Since then, New York’s real estate industry has worked tirelessly to get the properties damaged by the storm operational as soon as possible for our commercial and residential tenants so that people could get back to work or to their homes,” said Steven Spinola, president of the Real Estate Board of New York. “At the same time, we have been working with our government agencies to identify unoccupied residential units and to make them available to aid displaced New Yorkers. Like all New Yorkers, we will continue to do whatever we can to help those in need.”
NYC Housing Recovery was created by the City after a meeting organized by HUD Secretary Donovan that gathered local government officials and real estate trade groups in the immediate aftermath of the storm. Following the meeting, government and real estate industry officials worked to identify and work through the complex issues and barriers that restricted landlords from offering their apartments to storm victims as interim housing, allowing the real estate industry to collectively identify the available apartments.
Apartments made available through the NYC Housing Recovery portal may be available for short- or long-term lease, are located in all five boroughs, and may be either market-rate or income-restricted. The term of the lease and type of housing will depend on a household’s specific needs. There may or may not be fees associated with executing the lease, at the discretion of the owner, manager or realtor. The supply of this housing is limited; every effort will be made to accommodate people on a first-come first-served basis. The supply of apartments will continue to change, and the City will update households that have registered on the NYC Housing Recovery portal about additional housing options.
11/5/12 New York Times
With $200 Million in U.S. Housing Aid, Officials Begin Relocating the Displaced
“We don’t really know yet, in truth,” Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo said at a briefing, adding that the estimates ranged from 10,000 to 40,000 people. “You’re going to have some people who need short-term housing solutions and some who need long-term housing solutions, and those are two different things.”“It is manageable; it is large,” Mr. Cuomo added, saying the federal government “would defray the cost with us.”Federal officials said more than 45,000 families had been approved for housing assistance totaling more than $203 million — money that would let them find a temporary place to live or repair damage to their homes.The approvals were the start of a housing assistance program that will accelerate in the coming weeks, as tens of thousands of people left homeless by the storm look for places to stay while their homes or apartment buildings are repaired.A small number of families — about 450 who have checked into hotels so far, officials said — have been approved for stays in hotels paid directly by the federal government. Federal officials said they were approving the rental assistance and hotel stays because even after utilities were reconnected, thousands of people could not simply return to houses that had sustained serious damage and needed major work.“As power comes on, it is becoming clear for many people the longer-term issue will be rebuilding and repairing their homes,” said W. Craig Fugate, administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.Shaun Donovan, the secretary of housing and urban development, which subsidizes tens of thousands of its housing units in New York and New Jersey, said the agency was still working on figuring out how many units would need to be renovated, forcing residents to relocate until the work was done.So far, that count is relatively small, he said, including one complex in Atlantic City. But it will climb in the coming days as the assessments are completed.The homeland security secretary, Janet Napolitano, who visited Coney Island on Monday, noted that the storm had hit public housing particularly hard. She said that for housing-project residents and others displaced by the storm, “no option is off the table” for temporary housing, including rental units, hotel and motel rooms, trailers and prefabricated units.Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg said housing projects in New York City were recovering. Of 402 buildings run by the New York City Housing Authority that were hit by the storm, 174 buildings still lacked heat and hot water and 114 lacked power. He said the authority had pumped out all its flooded buildings.“The big numbers come down quickly,” Mr. Bloomberg said at a briefing. “The challenge is that when we get down to the hard core of real problems where there’s no quick, easy, inexpensive fix, that’s when we’re going to really going to be challenged.”He said he had appointed a former deputy commissioner of the city’s Office of Emergency Management and former federal recovery officer for 9/11, Brad Gair, to direct housing recovery operations, overseeing the city’s efforts to find housing for people displaced by the storm.The mayor said Mr. Gair would start by preparing an inventory of “transitional and temporary housing options” and coordinate efforts to move people into short-term quarters.Officials in New Jersey said they had asked for assistance from out-of-state inspectors to help let people back into their homes faster, and a unit of the State Department of Community Affairs planned to start electrical and building inspections later in the week. FEMA officials said that more than 1,070 housing inspectors were at work in New York, with another 700 in New Jersey and 46 in Connecticut.In some communities on Long Island, building inspectors were already going from one storm-damaged house to the next, inspecting circuit breakers and notifying the Long Island Power Authority whether power could be turned on safely.Communication and coordination remained spotty. Officials in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, saying they were still reaching out to towns and villages to assess temporary housing needs, declined to provide estimates. Vanessa Baird-Streeter, the communications director for Suffolk County, said about 10,000 homes had been damaged, but she said officials were still determining how many were uninhabitable.Up and down the storm-ravaged South Shore, local officials reported widespread needs.“We need housing bad,” said Mayor Andrew Hardwick of Freeport, a seaside community of about 43,000 in Nassau County.He said that flooding had damaged 2,000 to 3,000 homes in Freeport and that many families had continued to occupy their damaged homes. Many may be forced out as the weather turns colder and mold in their waterlogged homes grows and spreads.Mr. Hardwick said he had asked for 100 FEMA trailers and would install them on athletic fields and in schoolyards.But he had a more immediate — and potentially more permanent — idea in mind. He said he had asked the federal government to intercede with banks to convert two private housing developments that were completed but went unoccupied after the housing market collapsed.“We could put in a team of tradespeople to go in and bring the electrical systems and plumbing up to code,” he said. “That could be a lot quicker than putting mobile homes in place.” | <urn:uuid:e9d69c52-3a94-4907-bfeb-c4c477e3c6fa> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 25,330 |
Brillante Mendoza’s Tirador (2007) is one of those films (although actually, I believe it was shot with a digital camera) which I think attempts to provide us with an unromantic, unmediated hence authentic day in the life of authentic slum dwellers, just going about their authentic everyday lives. Thing is, I really do not believe there is such a thing as unmediated. Even if this film had not employed actors, sets, props, the very presence of the camera in the Quiapo slum would be enough cause for the people of the slums to alter their behavior, exhibiting their preferred versions of themselves.
Actually, the more I think about it, perhaps Mendoza’s intent is not the unmediated authentic Quiapo slum experience but rather, a very intentionally mediated portrait of the Quiapo slum. It is the slum, and the state of poverty in which the people live that are really the main characters in Tirador. Deep in the slums, the alleyways that are overpopulated with all kinds of urban poor, this is what we do not see through the tinted windows of our shiny, air conditioned Japanese cars. And this is a good thing, that we are given the perspective of a community that is otherwise erased from our view. I think Mendoza does try to show us the humanity here; each person is an individual of unfortunate circumstances and subject of socioeconomic injustice, really just trying to get by, by whatever means available to him/her.
Sunny has already blogged about it here, and he uses the term, “slum porn,” to describe the lens through which we are viewing these people and their slum. The view from my tinted window is a tease, and Mendoza gives us the full spread open/spread eagle shots, and he gives us the money shots, over and over again. The high on shabu bigamist who is too high to take care of his toddler, the toddler literally shitting on the floor of the house. The shabu user’s “wife,” or one of two wives, whose thievery of electronic goods contributes to the cost of dentures to fill her toothless mouth. That’s her priority, you see? Over the toddler shitting on the floor, equally her responsibility, and who, by the way, hasn’t been fed, and is literally eating his own shit. And while this toddler is eating his own shit, the shabu user and his “wife” continue to argue; now that she is “pretty,” because now she’s got teeth, she can go find another lover (and why the fuck not? He has two wives). It’s vanity versus jealousy, vice versus vice, and here, Mendoza has turned his humanizing project into a discussion of morality.
Too neat, or in this case, too fucking much, that each and every individual soul in this place is not redeemable. Is that realistic? There is one character, a pickpocket and a stealer of electrical cables or copper wire (I think), who contributes some of his “earnings” to a poor woman and her disabled child for the child’s medications. It’s this same thief who gets short changed by his own conspirators, so is there a message here about having compassion for others of similar plight, that it’s possibly a weakness?
Sunny also references Mauro Tumbucon’s review in Philippine News, in which Tumbucon argues against an artist’s responsibility to portray the homeland and our people always favorably. I am with this; Manila is full of fucked up people, as is any of the world’s major urban centers. Oscar tells me that poverty + density = potential fucked-up-ness, where people have to make choices all the time to get ahead, and that these choices all too often dispossess, oppress, and/or hurt others, those around you, those you love.
Finally, the other major character in Tirador is the impending elections, and we see here that the city’s leadership is as depraved as the slum’s residents. In fact, perhaps they are more depraved, as the slum residents don’t front like they are good, righteous people. The politicians, on the other hand, well, they are politicians, charismatic, bribing for votes, quick to quote the Bible to prove their righteousness, making promises whether or not they intend to fulfill them.
For me, the film’s ending is a succinct statement about the entire film’s scattered narrative: even at these mass rallies, you know, the kind of rallies where everyone holds a candle (little flickers of hope), and sings a hymnal, or an uplifting patriotic anthem, amidst this collective display of hope and community uplift, the people continue to engage in their petty thievery. Closing shot: a hand reaching for the wallet in an unsuspecting rally attendee’s back pocket. Fade out.
[Another good reviewer is Prometheus Brown. You can read his review of Tirador here.] | <urn:uuid:849c4944-2078-41b1-985e-41e926504c25> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,634 |
|Found this gif on the day of eternal sorrow --25jul2017-- when Adobe and the owners of most major browsers announced that they were going to turn their back on flash in 2020. I instantly decided to make it into a flash loop. However I couldn't settle on a music track to go with it until I listened closer to the lyrics in Hubnester Rising. The song is clearly about a flash artist crying out to people in the dwindling days of flash support. The filename "flashcarrier" is fitting both because Machinae Supremacy has made another nice song called "Flagcarrier" and because our hero in the visuals carries the flag of flash. But it also makes me think about the future, how many of us "flashcarriers" will there be left? So few seem to care about this great technology that we're supposed to abandon just because some companies decided it was easier to drop it than improve it. Anyway, I should have polished this flash a bit more. The framerate changes depending on the timestamp in the audio and sometimes it can look glitchy if it resets the visual loop near a frame that it just played. I could have safeguarded against that. The biggest flaw though is that there's a visual glitch in the bottom left corner! It was in the original gif as well. I almost couldn't believe I had left it in when I finally noticed a little while after uploading the finished swf to /f/ because I knew about it beforehand. Had seen it when I first found the gif and made a mental note to cover it up in flash. But since it took three months to pick the audio I forgot about it! Oh well. The outsides of the visuals are just scaled and darker instances of the visual's frames, if you resize the flash to be really wide or tall you can see large versions of the man and woman.|
TOOL: Adobe Flash Pro CS6
VISUALS: Gif made by "Sublustris".
AUDIO: Machinae Supremacy - Hubnester Rising | <urn:uuid:597fb794-263a-425c-ae11-dbbfeb0833d1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,865 |
Mental health conversation not over
As cars whizz past her, a woman does tai-chi in the middle of Lougheed Highway.
Seemingly unaware of the world around her, passersby can’t talk her off the street.
“We have to respond because she is putting herself in danger,” said Const. Cara Thomson.
Police arrive, bundle the woman into a car and take her to Ridge Meadows Hospital. But after a long wait in emergency, the officers have nowhere to take her but the cold, concrete cells at the RCMP detachment.
The next morning, she’s sent back on the street.
You can hear the frustration in Const. Thomson’s voice as she describes an endless loop.
Police are, by default, becoming the informal first responders of the mental health system, and often play such a role without the necessary resources or support to carry it out properly.
The hospital doesn’t want to deal with them because of the drugs and the drug treatment places don’t want to deal with them because of mental health issues, said Thomson, a designated RCMP mental health liaison who has been working with the Fraser Health Authority and other community partners for the past four years.
“They can bounce back and forth.”
Ridge Meadows RCMP deal with around 600 Mental Health Act calls annually and say each file puts a strain on already scarce resources.
From January to Aug. 31 this year, RCMP had already logged 534 Mental Health Act files, interacting with 390 different people.
Thomson receives between 60 and 80 referrals a month from other officers.
“We are talking about significant social issues. This is police time that is spent on these issues,” said Cpl. Alanna Dunlop.
When the detachment noticed a steady increase in calls related to mental illness, officers began tracking them in 2008. That tracking led to the creation of Thomson’s position.
Thompson’s role now involves identifying individuals with mental health issues and entering information into the police database that helps frontline officers. That includes information on what might trigger the individual to act out, the drugs they use or even something as simple as a phone number of a family member an officer can contact for help.
“We’ve had a lot of progress,” said Dunlop.
In the past, the mental health unit in Maple Ridge wouldn’t know if a client has had repeated contact with police. Now, officers and trained health care professionals meet regularly to brainstorm how best to help them.
Despite the progress, RCMP in Maple Ridge and their counterparts in Vancouver say there is little being done to stem what they see as a “mental health crisis.”
In response, the District of Maple Ridge drafted a resolution that called for Riverview Hospital to be reopened as a modern centre of excellence, with patient-centred wraparound care.
The resolution won support Friday at the Union of B.C. Municipalities convention and has sparked a discussion that police see as a step in the right direction.
“We are going to have to work together, with the common goal of making our society healthier so we are not responding to these calls,” said Dunlop.
B.C., however, won’t reopen Riverview Hospital, not even in a modern form.
That was Premier Christy Clark’s response to the UBCM resolution.
“We’re not considering that,” Clark said Friday, after the convention. “The folks [who] we are all so concerned about, who are living homeless in British Columbia, are not from Riverview. It’s a new set of problems we need to deal with.”
Clark said she shared UBCM delegates’ desire to improve mental health care and highlighted provincial investments in affordable housing and treatment.
She added an improved economy will help pay for more social programs.
“As we grow the economy, we will grow our ability to be able to look after what appeared in the past to be these unsolvable problems.”
The premier’s response disappointed Bob Masse, the Maple Ridge councillor who proposed the UBCM resolution.
“They are failing to acknowledge the problem and what is part of the solution,” he said.
“We spend more per capita than any other province on health care, but our results are certainly not good. We have the longest waits for psychiatric care in Canada.”
Masse isn’t ready to give up. He said civic politicians have committed to pressuring the province to fund more resources.
“We are going to strategize,” Masse added.
“This was Round 1 of however long it takes to find a solution.”
The government of B.C. insists that building a comprehensive system of mental health and substance use services across the province is a priority.
This fiscal year, the Ministry of Health spent over $1.3 billion on mental health and drug treatment services – a 58 per cent increase from 13 years ago.
Despite the spending, Simon Fraser University associate professor Marina Morrow says resources and community-based supports are still inadequate.
“The problems we are seeing in our communities and our streets is really the neglect we’ve seen to community-based health care and our social welfare programs,” Morrow added.
Morrow does not support reopening Riverview, noting that long-term psychiatric care has been shown to isolate people from their friends and family. It also reinforces stigma and fosters dependency.
“I appreciate the concerns of the mayors and frustrations of the police, but the solution is not more hospital beds,” she said.
“We have to have a really serious conversation. How is it that people are getting into such a serious crisis that they end up in situations with police?”
Morrow also hopes the conversation to solve B.C.’s mental health crisis continues, and that it’s time now to hear from people who provide mental health services and the people who use them.
“It would be a shame if that momentum was lost. That kind of sustained conversation could lead to changes, but there has to be political will and support because it will need resources.” | <urn:uuid:60346021-3e96-486b-ac12-3524a4675e42> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,887 |
The Ultimate Guide to Building and Using Buyer Personas
Every customer isn’t the same.
Whether you’re running a brick-and-mortar bakery or an online clothing store, all your customers don’t fit the same mold. They possess different needs and interests.
And your business must cater to those varying desires. To do so, it’s best that your team develop buyer personas to organize the types of customers entering your shop.
“The purpose of creating a buyer persona is to get crystal clear on the individuals who you are marketing to. Until you nail this down, you can’t really be sure that your offerings and your marketing messaging are going to be successful,” states Mary Fernandez, a professional blogger.
Let’s make better business decisions. Use the following five steps to build actionable buyer personas.
1. State Your Goals
With so much happening in your business, it’s easy to forget why you create certain tools. You got a marketing plan, a content strategy, sales sheets, and that random piece of paper on your office floor.
So before you jump into creating a much-needed buyer persona, it’s important that you understand how it relates to your company’s goals. That way, you’re not just crafting something that will never help your team.
When done correctly, buyer personas give you a 360 degree view about the customer. These insights are critical to closing sales, writing email copy, and revamping brand identity.
Actionable buyer personas will align with your overall business strategy. On a granular scale, you may consider mirroring personas based on the sales funnel.
For example, it’s possible to divide one persona into multiple layers. Let’s say Customer X buying concerns change throughout the funnel. In the awareness stage, the customer worries about his need for a new product. While in the comparison stage, the same customer focuses on selecting the right vendor.
This analysis gives your team accurate information on specific buyers as it relates to their willingness to buy your product today. It empowers you to adjust based on the team’s goals and the customer’s expectations.
2. Research Your Audience
Many companies make the mistake of creating their buyer personas prematurely. They decide the objective and then begin developing the persona.
After a few hours (or weeks), teams realize that they don’t know enough about their ideal customers. They understand the basics, like demographics, which only scratches the surface of consumer insights.
To avoid this common mistake, the key is to focus on researching your audience. You want to know why they purchase, how they make buying decisions, and what (or who) influences them.
You can gather this customer information through your analytics dashboard, surveys, focus groups, and blog comments. Jen Havice, a website copywriter, offers another research tool:
“Talking to your existing customers can provide valuable information into their buying habits, what motivates them, and the words they use to describe your product or service. While conducting interviews can be expensive and labor intensive, the answers can be illuminating.”
Researching gives your team the opportunity to truly appreciate your customers. So don’t feel unsettled about gathering too much data. More importantly, you should always uphold ethical standards—never share customers’ data to third parties without their consent.
Without the proper research, your buyer personas become vague descriptions that correlate to every consumer in the industry. Dig deeper by taking your research to the next level.
3. Create the Persona
With all your customer data collected, it’s time to actually create the persona. Assembling the information in a concise, yet appealing format will allow your team to easily extract key insights when questions about a specific buyer arises. So remember to develop your persona to fit the many learning styles of your team members.
Start by giving your persona a name. By doing so, you make this document real for your team. You may want to add a picture of a real customer.
Next, outline the background facts about your buyer, including the age, gender, and job role. Quick bullet points work well here.
Following those details, you want to jot down the nitty gritty of your buyers’ interests, motivations, and behaviors. Give your team the reasoning behind your customers’ habits. If all the information won’t fit, you can attach a brief addendum to your buyer persona.
You’ll also want to collaborate with your team members about what to add to the persona. Each department has a different perspective on how to serve your customers. Therefore, each team can offer insights on the makeup of the buyer.
Ready to get started? For free online persona templates, click here.
4. Integrate the Persona Into Your Strategy
Fusing your buyer persona into your business strategy is a vital step to turning the document into a practical tool. More often than not, marketers get so bogged down by the persona itself that they forget the true purpose for creating it in the first place.
For every department, you can outline how they can benefit from the persona—making it easy for teams to apply the data. For example, customer support reps may use the persona to identify how to best respond to specific customers based on their communication styles.
Other teams may see the persona as a guide to update their procedures and refine their current methods for catering to the customer. Copywriter Jessica Mehring provides the following advice to content marketing teams:
“Go through all the content you have, and look at it through the eyes of your buyer persona. Set aside or rewrite anything that they won’t connect with. Putting ineffective content in the buyer’s path is going to water down your content strategy as a whole – and worse, it might just confuse your target customers.”
Another technique is to design engagement scenarios for your personas. Prepare your team to interact with all your customers in multiple circumstances. No matter the situation, always find innovative ways to use your personas to benefit your business.
5. Evaluate Your Persona
Buyer personas aren’t carved in stone; they are living documents that will adapt to your customers’ lifestyles and behaviors. So make an effort to evaluate your personas once or twice a year.
Evaluation can be as simple as updating your customer’s occupation and goals. Or you may need to do a complete overhaul and start from scratch.
During your evaluation, it’s advised that you consult with senior management. Learn whether the company will be targeting new personas or if it’s time to remove a persona. You also may discover that the customer journey altered, which greatly reflects the buyer’s purchasing habits.
With team input, you can customize the personas in greater detail. Maybe you recently completed customer interviews. You can add these newfound particulars. In the example below, you’ll notice brand names enjoyed by the customer along with the types of technology they use.
There’s no wrong or right way to build or evaluate a buyer persona. The main objective is to develop processes that gives you a realistic view of your customer. Accurate information empowers your team to serve your customers better.
Buyer Personas in Action
Understanding your customers’ lifestyles and product desires helps your team build competitive strategies. Consumer research at your fingertips refines how you approach your audience. Therefore, work with your team to define your goals and build multiple buyer personas to improve your sales funnel.
Shayla Price creates and promotes content. She lives at the intersection of digital marketing, technology, and social responsibility. Originally from Louisiana, Shayla champions access to remote work opportunities. Connect with her on Twitter at @shaylaprice. | <urn:uuid:c8547828-0979-48d9-afac-73f50eaac8fc> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 7,847 |
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In this travel guide I will try, even though there are no words to describe the magnificent nature of Costa Rica, to give you some insider tips on activities to do in Costa Rica, surfing at Playa Grande and things to explore in the the province of Guanacaste. Let’s just make one thing clear, this is natures paradise.
The province of Guanacaste is situated on Costa Rica’s northwest shoulder. With the border to Nicaragua in the north and the Nicoya Peninsula in the south. The “Gold Coast” on the Pacific coastline is growing in popularity due to the variety of beautiful beaches and rich culture.
One of the most popular towns in the Guanacaste region is Tamarindo. This used to be a quiet fishing village, but today it offers many restaurants and a bustling nightlife. Many people travel to Tamarindo all year to surf, party and hangout in this fast-growing beach town.
About 30 minutes drive north of Tamarindo, you will arrive at Playa Grande. The place has been a vital part of the Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas since 1990, and its highly protected because it is a nesting site of the leatherback turtles.
Between October and May the turtles come ashore to lay eggs during the night, and the beach is only accessible during the day because it is patrolled by police at night to protect the nesting sites of the turtles. Playa Grande is considered one of the most important nesting sites of the leatherback turtles, and local take pride in protecting them and this land.
There are many activities to do in Costa Rica. A land with this kind of the amazing nature offers some of the most elongated, white sanded beaches in the world. From Playa Grande you can walk to the neighboring Palm beach on the left and Playa Ventana on the right. If you walk further right after passing Playa Ventana, you will experience black crystal at Playa Carbon.
A 15 minutes drive from Playa Grande and you will discover on of the most popular shell beaches in Costa Rica, Playa Conchal. There are many more to discover within the reach of 30 minutes drive from Playa Grande, you just need to know of them. Check out my article about the most beautiful beaches in Costa Rica from this region.
A little tip if you are looking for the most beautiful beaches. Travel in rain season, then you will understand what lush really means.
You can’t visit Costa Rica without exploring one of their waterfalls. The lush and rich nature is beyond words, and even more beautiful than any camera lens can catch. If you stay on Playa Grande, I recommend taking a day trip to Catarata Ilanos de Cortez. This is a spectacular waterfall about 2 hours drive from Playa Grande.
Playa Grande is surfers paradise. Elongated, crystal clear and perfectly warm waters throughout the year. This makes it an ideal place to work on catching that perfect wave. Playa Grande attracts surfers from across the globe, and anyone from beginners to professional can hit the breaks here.
The surf breaks at Playa Grande are consistent and moderate year-round, and the beach is much less crowded than the neighboring Tamarindo. If you are a beginner it’s best to surf at low tide, when there are less surfers and the waves are smaller. If you walk for like 20 minutes to the left side of Playa Grande, you will come to Palm Beach. This beach is perfect for beginners and surf lessons. Playa Grande gets a south swell year-round, and the best chances to catch bigger swells is between March and November.
And if you don’t surf or feel like trying, no problem. Bring a bottle of wine and watch the breathtaking sunset.
And of course, the thing you eat with everything in Costa Rica is fried plantain. Who know fried banana could taste so good?
September and October is rain season, which means you can experience some massive tropical rainstorms. On the other hand – you will see the country when it is most green, fresh and flowery. Also, there are almost no tourists.
From November to April its dry and almost no rain at all, which means less green trees and flowers. It is high season, so a lot of tourists and the prices are higher. Nice surf conditions for beginners at Playa Grande, but sometimes too many people trying to catch the same wave…
From May until August, you can experience some rain, but not much. It is starting to get green and lush again in the end of July and August. There will be less tourists than in high season, but Playa Grande is a famous surf destination all year, so it will be pretty crowded still in off season. | <urn:uuid:ce17e8fc-2f79-4a4a-88a7-f0f018987383> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,496 |
In February 2002, the Supreme Court of India passed an order prohibiting state governments and also tribals and other traditional forest dwellers from removing dead, dying trees and grasses and trees felled by winds.
This was followed by a handbook being distributed by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) prohibiting tribals and other forest dwellers from utilizing forest produce for their livelihood needs.
In 2004, a Central Empowered Committee (CEC) was appointed by the Supreme Court mandated to prevent any foliage removal in protected forests such as in sanctuaries and national parks. In this, instead of negotiating and protecting forest dwellers and tribals and defining their rights over forests, tribals and forest dwellers were declared by the CEC as encroachment and recommended their immediate eviction.
The Centre for Equity Studies (2007) reports that India’s protected areas are inhabited by about 4 million people in total, who depend on the forests for crucial livelihood needs such as food and firewood. Here, instead of eviction, protecting forest dwellers and their rights over forests can become a more important issue in policies regarding forest conservation.
Legislation in India for Forest Conservation
The chief legislative document in India for forest conservation is the Forest Conservation Act, 1980, which was enacted on October 25th, 1980 (GoI, 2013). This was followed by many amendments to the Act, a framework provided in the form of Forest Conservation Rules, 2003 and also various guidelines which have been issued from time to time. The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 is also supported in forest conservation in India by other legislative documents such as the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and the National Forest Policy, 1988.
The Act is said to provide for the conservation of forests over the entire territory of India except for the state of Jammu & Kashmir. The Act provides for extensive powers for the Centre over State Governments in the case of forest conservation. State Governments would require prior permission from the Centre to derecognize reserved forests, use forest land for non-forestry purposes, assign forest land by lease to private entities, and to clear forests for re-afforestation. The Centre appoints an advisory committee to deal with matters relating to forest conservation under the provisions of the Act. This allows the MoEF a more streamlined framework with which to approach forest conservation.
The enactment of the Forest Conservation Rules, 2003 succeeded the Forest Conservation Rules set up in 1981 (GoI, 2013). The Forest Conservation Rules, 2003 established a detailed framework for interpreting the various provisions of the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. This is accompanied with guidelines, one of which concerns the development of forest land occupied by tribal populations.
The guidelines say that settlements of forest dwelling communities should be treated at par with revenue villages, which is a step back against considering some of these communities as an intrinsic part of the forest.
Dr. V. K. Bahuguna, Inspector General of Forests, differs with the MoEF&CC view, in that he explicitly mentions that the conflict between the State Governments and forest dwelling communities over forest resources is not in the interests of forest conservation for the MoEF, who instead tend to separate forest dwellers from the rest of the forest. Bahuguna instead says that the development of tribal communities and protecting forest dwellers should be included as an essential part of forest conservation (V.K. Bahuguna, 2013).
Forest Conservation and Protecting Forest Dwellers
After the 2002 Supreme Court order that banned forest dwellers from gathering dead, dying trees and grasses and trees felled by winds, the MoEF&CC rescinded to draft a Bill that would define minor forest produce and provide for their acquisition by forest dwellers.
The MoEF in 2004 announced the introduction of a draft Bill named the State/Union Territory Minor Forest Produce (Ownership of Forest Dependent Community) Act, 2005 (The Hindu, 2004). The Bill has however, has remained a draft Bill, especially with the introduction of the Forest Rights Act, 2006, which opened up a new framework of providing rights to tribal communities and protecting forest dwellers.
The draft Bill introduced by the MoEF aims to provide for the acquisition of minor forest produce, thus protecting forest dwellers’ daily livelihood activities in gathering essential resources from forests. By minor produce, what is specifically defined is all non-timber produce from forests as notified by the home State/Union Territory as minor produce.
This can include items like honey, wax, lac, tusser, etc and excludes the unrestricted cutting of wood as firewood. It also excludes the hunting of wild animals, especially protected species, although animal products such as honey and wax can be extracted, apart from domesticating certain animal species.
The identification of candidates for endowment under this Act is dependent on the State / Union Territory Government’s identification of forest dependent communities, who can also make rules for carrying forward the provisions of the Act. The Act also permits trade in this minor forest produce, which is a practise common among many forest dwelling communities.
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 however, has become the watershed legal document in terms of guaranteeing rights to tribals and other forest-dwelling communities. The Act recognizes the rights of occupation of forest lands by forest dwelling and tribal communities even when their rights are not recorded, with the stipulation however that the occupant must have lived in the forest with at least 3 generations of lineage since 13.12.2005, with one generation being 25 years.
The Act fixes a maximum area of 4 ha for occupation of forest land, including rights for lands falling under national parks and sanctuaries. The Act allows for self-cultivation of forest land and usufructuary rights over minor forest produce falling under the aforementioned area for forest-dwellers belonging to the Scheduled Tribe category. The Act provides for in-situ rehabilitation of Scheduled Tribes who have been evicted or displaced from their forest-dwelling habitats.
These rights are heritable but not transferable and importantly stipulated that no member of any forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes can be evicted or removed from the area the person holds rights in, which although is subject to verification. The Act recognizes Gram Sabhas as competent authorities for initiation of procedures for rights under this Act.
The Act is a huge landmark, for it for the first time clearly demarcates the rights of tribal communities in India over forest land. This makes the Act invaluable in preserving the cultures of tribal communities in India and also in correcting the historic alienation of tribal communities from land that has in many instances left them with a diminished identity.
The Bill became an Act in 2007, but for most forest dwellers, their rights are yet to be recognized. There is persistent conflict over the Act between the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF).
On the one hand, MoTA is trying to protect the rights of forest dwellers, while on the other hand, erratic resource extraction in forests by forest dwellers is earning them the MoEF’s wrath. Evictions are happening in many areas in India, with the state of Assam recording the eviction of about 40,000 families alone.
The Supreme Court’s 2002 order in effect is also having a detrimental effect for example, on the livelihood needs of people living in the Forests of Don in the Harnatand Range, turning traditional forest dwellers into encroachers into the forests. India’s national parks and sanctuaries were declared protected areas after the 2002 Supreme Court order as per an amendment in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, where animal resource extractions from these areas without permissions would be encroachments by forest dwellers and tribal communities.
The current quagmire presents a conflict of interest between protecting forest dwellers and working for their welfare and with forest conservation.
The Forest Rights Act, 2006 is also frequently accused of leading to the destruction of forests by conservationists. In a study carried out by the Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), the Forest Rights Act, 2006’s provision of allowing cultivation on forest land has led to the conversion of tracts of forest into agricultural farms. This is accompanied with the provision of rights over the ownership and disposal of minor forest produce in forests based on their traditional methods.
The study utilized GIS technology to carry out satellite assessments of land in Maharashtra. TERI also claimed that these practices had led to a reduction in the carbon sequestration capacities of land under forests in India. An assessment was made of the impacts of the change in land use on ecosystems and the vulnerability of the people.
According to the Parliamentary Committee on Petitions, 16th Lok Sabha in their 9th and 18th Report, the implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 has led to an encroachment of about 16.21 lakh ha of forest land.
Many conservationists claim that the Forest Rights Act, 2006 will prevent the demarcation of inviolate spaces in nature free from human interference, which is necessary for wildlife conservation sometimes, with tiger conservation being a case in point. Although the Forest Right Act, 2006 lays out a procedure for resettling of people when required in order to protect wildlife, often the problem is a lot of arbitrariness in implementation along with changing habitats for animals.
Many conservationists also see the clause of allowing cultivation in forest land as an elaborate land distribution scheme that can also be appropriated by people who are not genuine forest dwellers. One could argue that allowing cultivation in forest land might encourage people to encroach less on wildlife habitats, but food habits are most likely to be largely defined by tradition notwithstanding the conditions imposed by modern civilization. In this light, the MoEF’s plan to define non-timber minor forest produce narrowly among populations that adhere more to tradition than modern machinations is bound to be incredibly inconsistent.
What has happened is that the cultivation enabled by the Forest Rights Act, 2006 has created a windfall for otherwise very poor and marginalized populations without ownership or access to land in mainstream agricultural locations.
Given that that the tribal question is one of identity, any legislation regarding protecting forest dwellers and tribal communities must offer a cohesive and structured approach that is balanced to all the peculiarities that might arise in dealing with forest dwelling populations. When the dynamic quality of tradition arises out of its peculiarities, an all encompassing modern legal instrument can only create certain ambiguities interpreted in terms of its affiliations to the modern superstructure.
For example, allowing commercial dynamics in non-timber minor forest produce might impose an unfair economic model instead of protecting forest dwelling populations and their right to consume forest resources, who might be motivated instead to participate in an unfair balance of trade, moving instead towards exploitation of forest resources than traditional subsistence livelihoods.
On the one hand cultivation of forest land under the Forest Rights Act, 2006 might place stresses on forest ecosystems due to excess extraction of forest water for example, while the food habits determined by tradition are likely to remain the same. On the other hand, limitations placed by being able to extract only non-timber minor forest produce while commercially activating these at the same time might mean legal commercial exploitation of forests while in the informal space traditional ways of life, although suppressed, could conti
Both point towards one important thing – protecting forest dwellers means synchronization of policy with their tradition as regards their habitat. This synchrony is possible if policy abandons unilateralism and a balance is found between policy, the traditions of forest dwellers and the forest habitat and ecosystem. The more synchrony is achieved, the better the chances for conservation of both forest ecosystems and forest dwellers, which only a balanced and equitable policy environment can provide. | <urn:uuid:e88e288d-8c3a-47ab-a695-89325de93a1a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 12,719 |
02-03-2012, 04:25 AM
Join Date: Feb 2012
| | I need advice... Should I separate from my husband.
Hi, I'm Claudia. I have been married for 3 years and I have son he is 14 months old. We had only been dating for 6 months when we got married. I thought there was nothing else out there for me and so I settled for him. I was also tired of looking and waiting for the right one to come along.
In the beginning he was very sweet, loved to cuddle, kissed me when he left for work, etc. I, on the other hand was not, I preferred a distance. I never showed affection or even got mad when he would spend money on roses, (which by the way are expensive) that we could have spent on something we needed. All that changed after a couple of moths though. I take fault in that. So we started to struggle financially. So, i found a job an hour away which didn't make him happy. I made friends there which he never approved of. Yeah, he had to approve of my friends that I had, because I don't have any left. He has driven all my friends away even my best friend. Just by making them feel umcomfortable. So I had to leave that job because it just wasn't worth all the drama I had to go through at home. I found a job 2 miles away from our apartment. Even then he wasn't happy because of the pay. After some time we decided we needed a change and moved to another state.
Once there he promised he would change. Spend more time with me, not be so controlling, so demanding and we would start fresh. Can't believe he fooled me. Once we got settled in he started going out with his cousin to dance clubs, go shoot pool, playing soccer and etc. While I had to stay home. When i tried to go out with friends he wouldn't let me. Said he could do it because he was the man of the house. In the mean time he had done away with all the self confidence I had in myself. By telling me how ugly or fat I was getting and that I needed to lose weight. When i was for certain going to leave him, I found out I was pregnant. My first thought was to not go through with the pregnancy because this would not be a good home for him. But, I couldn't bring myself to end my pregnancy. I thought that with the baby he would change. I was fooled again. During my pregnancy he would tell me not to eat so much that i was getting to fat and he would always check for stretch marks on m body. Through out my pregnancy I was in depression didn't even get to enjoy being pregnant. If it wasn't for the ladies I worked with I honestly don't think I would have made it through. Once the baby got here, things were great for the first couple of weeks then he started leaving again not caring that I didn't get any rest. I felt like me and the baby didn't matter to him. Yes, I would always try to tell him how I felt but he would and still says "here we go, your going to start again"... gosh how I hate those words. So things continued this way. Until he decided we needed a change and so we moved to another state.
Now we're here and its still the same or even worse. We don't have sex any more cause I feel uncomfortable because he calls me fat or ugly. And when we do have sex which is like once every couple of moths, I just lye there hoping my son wakes up so it can be over. He doesn't help with my son at all. I can count the times he has changed my sons diaper on one hand. He won't watch my son for an hour so I can go run errands. I have to do everything when it comes to the house and my son. He thinks its enough with him working. Now when I look at him I feel disgust. I know he is the father of my son but I dislike him so much for how he has treated me these three years. He is only happy when he has money which is rarely because since we started struggling financially we haven't stopped. He looks at what everyone else has and wants it. He is so concieded I hate it. He thinks there is no one better than him.
I really don't have anyone to talk to. My family says I have to put up with it because of my son. That divorce is not an option but I just feel like if I stay I'm going to end up doing something crazy. I want to finish college which I didn't do because he didn't allow it and so I had to drop out. His reason to many guys. I have recently started online classes secretly since I can't find a job here. I don't know what to do... PLEASE HELP!!! ANY ADVICE HELPS!!! | <urn:uuid:b6928ed5-1de9-4f5b-9fae-3033759032ae> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,344 |
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One good thing about dogs is that they’re not especially finicky. One bad thing is that they’ll eat just about anything. Unfortunately, that can include foods or other substances that may be potentially toxic.
Experts urge you to understand that virtually any substance can be toxic if consumed constantly or at high dosage. Even if no adverse effects are immediately seen, that does not mean a certain substance is safe.
There are many myths about what is or is not safe or healthy for pets. Before getting on the bandwagon, keep in mind the commercial motives of those perpetuating the myth. Demand scientific evidence for the claims, preferably something other than such-and-such was fed in huge amounts to mice and caused this or that symptom.
Dog Foods to Avoid
The following lists some of the substances for which there is credible evidence of toxicity at dosages your pet could conceivably consume:
- ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES can cause gastrointestinal irritation, drunkenness, tremors, difficult breathing and/or panting, coma and even death;
- AVOCADOS can result in respiratory distress and the accumulation of fluid around the heart;
- CHOCOLATE can cause vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, hyperactivity and increased thirst, urination and heart rate can be seen with the ingestion of as little as ¼ ounce of baking chocolate by a 10-pound dog;
- COFFEE, including the grounds and beans, can cause the same symptoms as chocolate;
- GRAPES and RAISINS, depending on the amount ingested, clinical signs can range from vomiting to life-threatening kidney failure;
- SPOILED FOOD may contain food borne pathogens, molds, and mycotoxins that can result in GI irritation, tremors, seizures, and death. All food, regardless of shelf-life claims, loses value and may grow toxins over time;
- ONIONS, CHIVES, AND OTHER SPICES, if fed in excess can lead to GI upset and perhaps damage red blood cells;
- PURIFIED SALT and SALTY FOODS can result in sodium ion poisoning with symptoms of regurgitation, tremors, excessive thirst, diarrhea, high temperature and seizures. On the other hand, moderate amounts of natural salt can be healthy;
- TOMATO - fruit is not a problem in moderation, the leaves, stem and unripe fruit are. Ingestion of these can cause GI upset, excess salivation, drowsiness, dilated pupils, and weakness. The same symptoms can be seen with the ingestion of any green plant parts of the potato and many household plants;
- XYLITOL SWEETENER in candies and gum can also cause a fairly sudden drop in blood sugar, resulting in depression and seizures;
- YEAST DOUGH can be double trouble in that as it rises, the dough can expand the GI tract, possibly causing the intestine to rupture. The yeast can also form alcohol as it rises, leading to alcohol poisoning;
- ANTIFREEZE, CLEANING PRODUCTSand all household chemicals and drugs should be kept out of reach of pets. Some of these substances—such as antifreeze—actually taste good to pets and can cause serious illness and death.
Experts further advise to use caution with spicy foods, cooked bones, singular supplements, and virtually any commercial product fed continuously. Again, the principle to keep in mind is that variety is the spice of health. Since anything can potentially be toxic if fed in excess, varying the diet is the best safeguard. Even so-called 100% complete commercial diets have caused serious illness and death when fed exclusively.
Dog Foods to Avoid and Toxic Substances
If you think your pet may have ingested a potentially poisonous substance, immediately call your veterinarian. Be sure to let them know what he has eaten and how much, the estimated time of ingestion, if you know it, and any problems he is experiencing. | <urn:uuid:8534d5e5-63f1-452e-9fd8-4b8af6b1f404> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 3,711 |
First up, Chocolate and Strawberry Stuffed French Toast (pg 53). My strawberries had molded overnight, so I omitted them and had a few cherries on the side. Without the berries, this recipe is just ricotta cheese and a few chocolate chips sandwiched between bread, then you soak the whole sandwich in milk and eggs and cook it on the griddle. Ellie calls for a shocking 1.25 cups of milk per three eggs. When I make french toast, I add just enough of a splash of milk to loosen up the eggs. I would never use a full cup. I did it my way. I'd think her way would make the bread totally soggy and disgusting.
|So maybe I used more than a few chocolate chips.|
Conclusion: Just okay.
Honey Harvest Quinoa (pg 63) has lots of good stuff in it--a diced apple, dried cranberries, honey, cinnamon, and toasted pecans on top, yet it still barely surpasses mediocrity. With the pecans, this was earthier and a bit more complex. Without the pecans (I ate leftovers when I got home from the gym), it was bland. It's amazing the a difference one single ingredient can make. Those nuts really tied the dish together.
Much to my surprise at this point, last night's dinner of Pork Piccata was really good. I love me some piccata, and this tasted just as it should--caper-briney, garlicky, lemony, with a strong reduction of white wine. YUM. It was so good that Matt thought I'd changed cookbooks. HA! | <urn:uuid:2da52e45-135b-4b7f-a55a-5733e265a5c7> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,386 |
Rule 6 EPC
and Article 14(1) of the Rules relating to Fees
have been amended with effect from 1 April 2014. As from that date, SMEs, natural persons, non-profit organisations, universities and public research organisations will be entitled to a reduction of 30% in the examination fee. More information will be published in the Official Journal in the first half of 2014. | <urn:uuid:cdc32ed9-63f9-4a51-8af0-0a0aada76449> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 371 |
50 Great Activities for Children Who Stutter is a set of activities designed for children who stutter. Includes step-by step directions as well as dialogue to use with children. Contains a number of activities specifically designed for therapy groups composed of children who stutter and children with language disorders. Some examples include: Identifying and Exploring Stuttering — Stutter Tag, Stuttering Awards, Candid Camera, Teach Me How to Stutter, Stuttering Private Eye.
Practicing Speech To
This Ark’s Z-vibe is an oral probe designed by a speech and language pathologist, to provide oral motor stimulation to these SLP patients. Gently stimulates gums, palate and tongue with therapeutic vibration. Can be used on cheeks and lips, in addition to mouth. Provides facial and tactile stimulation. Compatible with an array of textured tips. Switch tip for turning on and off. Provides oral motor stimulation and sensory input. Gently stimulates gums, palate and tongue therapeutic vibration. Us
DAF Assistant is an auditory feedback program for stuttering therapy designed for use by individuals who stutter. This application (or app) for the Apple iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad implements the Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) and Frequency-shifting Auditory Feedback (FAF) techniques by delaying the sound of the user's voice from reaching to the ears by a fraction of a second. This simulates the "chorus effect" by making it seem as if the user is speaking with several others to help the user s
Easy Talker is a story-workbook designed for children copping with stuttering. Addresses fluency disorders in students grades 3-12 with story-workbook activities for understanding and coping stuttering. Focuses on holistic approaches to the treatment of stuttering including task analysis to identify needed skills, extensive use of examples, metaphors and exercises for hands on learning and specific activities that help users deal with fear and frustration. Features a clinician's manual and a ran
Fun With Fluency-Direct Therapy with the Young Child is a manual designed for therapists counseling children between the ages of 2 1/2 and 7 years old, who have speech and stuttering disorders. The book provides information on scheduling therapy sessions, differential diagnosis, planning and implementing direct therapy strategies, monitoring progress, transfer and long term maintenance and counseling children on dealing with their feelings about stuttering.
I Hear with my Little Ear is an activity book with 102 games designed for children working on improving their speech, language and literacy skill development. Written by a speech pathologist, these games combine visual auditory and kinesthetic approaches to learning and cover a wide range of skills, including identifying syllables, recognizing initial and final word sounds, rhyming knowledge and phonetic manipulation. Designed for group settings, these reproducible games will quickly become a fa
The Speech Assistant is a text to speech telephone system designed for use by individuals with speech disabilities. The system enables the user to communicate over a phone line with synthesized speech. Messages are typed in the system's text-to-speech program, which is installed on a personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), or speech generating device. Messages are converted to synthesized voice audio and sent over the phone line by way of an included audio cable and interface c
SpeechEasy is a device that provides audio feedback for stuttering therapy. These fluency devices are worn similarly to a hearing aid, either in or behind the ear, and use altered auditory feedback. However, rather than amplify sound, these units recreate and optimize the choral effect. When users wear the devices, their words are digitally replayed in their ear with a very slight delay and frequency modification. As a result, the brain perceives that speaking is occurring in unison with another
Toolkit is a software program that is designed to help the speech-impaired communicate with others. Unlike most software programs for the speech-impaired which ignore the fact that persons with speech-impairment still have a voice, this software program records the individual’s voice and deciphers the user’s words or translates the user’s pronunciation into understandable speech. It then may be played back on a smartphone or a tablet. This program is still being tested in Israel and Europe. Its | <urn:uuid:6c5dcaff-7bee-44fc-b4f6-b9f3c6f6975b> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 4,468 |
Typically the Central Data With regards to Successful On Athletics Bets
At the current time athletics betting is extremely for many individuals. In sports betting, you may possibly gamble on football, hockey, tennis, golf, basketball, soccer, swimming, cycling tournaments, handball, golf, skiing, ski jumping, ice skating and significantly much more. At this level I would like to present some info about how to be successful at sports activities betting.
1. You must select the suitable Sports Guide
You can choose the sports activities book exactly where they accept only sports so that you can guess on your favourite staff.
There are a small quantity of on the web sports activities guide which makes it uncomplicated to acquire earnings. The payout and payment procedure is faster than any other on the web internet sites. This process is totally free and you don’t require to be billed for it.
In www.ufabet168.info to some investigation and investigation, some figures propose that inserting bets with the precise sports activities ebook take care of and create a fantastic dissimilarity. This will amplify the odds and choices of increasing the odds of succeeding in the match.
two. Complete your coaching
Prior to inserting your 1st stake and wage, be particular to revise the perform, the sports groups, the players and furthermore situations that may possibly play a significant function in the perform. The superior and great approach to earn in sporting activities gambling is to investigate different aspects and do investigation fully in get to get the recreation.
three. Stake or Wager Underdog
Which one of these are people’s favorites? Guess underdog or chosen (favourite) sport? The people adore gambling on their favorites. According to the statistics, it really is a much better and a fantastic imagined to gamble on an underdog!
All you need to do is to look into for receiving more understanding on betting. When you know how to gamble on an underdog, you will possibly earn the match! When you have the excellent information of this technique, you can location a drastically considerably earlier mentioned the floor fee and worth on a sport.
4. Gamble at the Appropriate instance
You need to always remember to put your wager as adjacent as achievable to the time of celebration. Timing has always performed a crucial and focal function in on-line sports betting! You see a lot of issues can happen right ahead of the closure and at the ultimate minutes, a player can get unwell or harm or the data can flip about on you. These extraordinary items can boost the pleasure. That is why people enjoy this sort of gambling.
five. Be Enduring, Serene and Tolerant
This is quite substantial for you to be enduring and patient. I know there will be a whole lot of nerve and doubts likely on as you put your income on something and you assume to win. Even so if you are impatience it may do the trick on you and you can get rid of control
It is far better to continue to be in emphasis. You should maintain in thoughts that you do not require to gamble every single 7 days. This is where most individuals do miscalculation they guess on weekly foundation and hope to earn. I think they are throwing away their funds.
six. Supervise and control your funds
Do not spend much more funds than your funds. If you decide on $twenty at a post gambling, if you drop, it is not going to damage you that significantly. Bear in thoughts not to spend far more than your fiscal ability.
seven. Turn out to be experienced at gambling and replicate from productive betting specialists
One more suggestions are to adhere to what the other productive gamblers do and if they achievement, consider to replicate their techniques. Attempt to examine them how they do it. | <urn:uuid:7d7b04b6-4c65-4a42-961d-ef5efce276a9> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,767 |
From left to right : Actors Nicolaj Coster-Waldau, Emilia Clarke, Sean Bean and Mark Addy arrive for the screening of "Game Of Thrones" at the 51st Monaco Television Festival in Monte Carlo, Monaco, Wednesday, June 8, 2011.
We waited patiently for the premiere episode of the third season of "Games of Thrones;" and how was our patience rewarded? With an installment that contained less drama than an infomercial for adult diapers, that’s how. Apart from a well-written standoff between Tyrion and Tywin Lannister, and a radical Nipplectomy, it looks like the series’ producers may have decided to follow the “Walking Dead” model of “fifty-five minutes of talk and five minutes of action”. Because this is Games of Thrones, we’ll grant them a second chance, but if things don’t pick up there’s always adult diaper infomercials on Sunday nights.
Rodney Anonymous (Rodney Linderman) is perhaps best known as the singer of The Dead Milkmen. He also regularly writes for Philadelphia City Paper. He watches a lot of television. Follow his Tweets @RodneyAnon | <urn:uuid:9dd531cf-db8d-4464-bf3c-b6c13ed10dea> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,053 |
Cinco de Mayo (Spanish for "fifth of May") is a regional holiday in Mexico, celebrated primarily in the state of Puebla, with some limited recognition in other parts of Mexico. holiday on the occasion of the anniversary of the victory of the Mexican Army (incomplete) on French forces in the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862, under the leadership of Mexican General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguin.
The president of United States speaks and celebrates with his people for this great day. In this great day we honor the greatest victory of the Mexican people in their struggling to get their freedom in Puebla battle since 151 years. We celebrate for the Cinco de Mayo which is the real heritage of the Mexicans of America and we know well the strong cultural, social, commercial, and economical relations which connect United States and Mexico.
In this week , I was very proud of my visit to Mexico to make sure on our seeing of Americas as the region of chances , and common luxury. I fully satisfied that we have historical chances to increase the commerce and make our economies with more ability on the competitions , in order to create new good jobs in our countries.
One of the top legislative priorities of United States is to fix its immigration system, and we emphasized the needing to reform commonsense immigration. In this way we build a strong nations and we can maintain on our generations who are enriched our countries.
Cinco de Mayo remembers us that the diversity in America is its strength. Today we celebrate with the Mexican big heritage day.
So in this day people not only in Mexico will celebrate but also in all nations of America to express their happiness in getting the freedom after years of unfairness and enslavement. | <urn:uuid:5b0383fb-8bdc-41e3-94dc-c56a38c89d4f> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,738 |
Zasady publikacji prac
Portal dla gastroenterologów!www.egastroenterologia.pl
Olbrzymia zmiana typu haemangiosarcoma przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej jako przyczyna dolegliwości bólowych brzucha
Andrzej Prystupa, Ewa Kurys-Denis, Roman Styliński, Tomasz Pedowski, Grzegorz Ćwik, Jolanta Mieczkowska, Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych, Andrzej Dąbrowski, Grzegorz Wallner, Jerzy Mosiewicz, Witold Krupski
Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny 2011; 6 (3): 195–200
DOI (digital object identifier): 10.5114/pg.2011.22804
- Chronic.pdf [1.54 MB]
Management of patients with chronic abdominal pain is a common cause of referral to gastroenterologists. The definition of chronic abdominal pain used clinically and in research over the last 40 years has used the criterion of at least 3 pain episodes over at least 3 months interfering with function . In clinical practice, it is generally believed that pain that exceeds 1 or 2 months in duration can be considered chronic. There are many possible causes of pain. Epidemiological studies suggest that the vast majority of patients with chronic abdominal pain have functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or functional dyspepsia. However, the pain associated with these disorders is non-specific and can resemble or co-exist with organic disorders. Chronic abdominal pain may be caused by many benign as well as malignant organic diseases: pancreatitis, cholecystitis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischaemia, abdominal aortic aneurysm and cancers.
We report a rare presentation of a large angiosarcoma in the retroperitoneal cavity characterized by chronic abdominal pain and weight loss.
A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to the department due to pain in the intra-abdominal and lumbar region, which had intensified over the last 3 months. The patient lost 5 kg over the 2 months prior to hospitalization. At the age of 35, the patient had a car accident and sustained a severe injury to the subcostal region caused by a steering wheel. The pain sensations resolved spontaneously. At the age of 42, the patient experienced an attack of severe pain in the left lumbar region. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed the presence of a 2-chamber cyst in the upper pole of the left kidney. An attack of pain in the left lumbar region recurred at the age of 46. Repeated abdominal ultrasound imaging revealed a multi-chamber cyst in the upper pole of the left kidney.
The patient has been treated for arterial hypertension for 4 years, systematically taking the prescribed drugs. At the age of 47, the patient underwent nodular goitre surgery. The histopathological findings demonstrated microfollicular adenoma. Due to postoperative hypothyroidism, the patient received oral thyroxine. Moreover, in childhood the patient underwent appendectomy. Her medical history revealed deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs. The patient had 3 spontaneous labours. The family history disclosed myocardial infarction in her father and arterial hypertension in her mother.
On admission, arterial hypertension was 120/80 mmHg and BMI was 33.83 kg/m2. Physical examination showed tenderness on deep palpation in the left and right subcostal region. Moreover, on deep palpation, a tumour 20 × 25 cm located in the left subcostal region was detected. Goldflam’s sign was bilaterally negative. Per rectal examination did not show any lesions or haemorrhage. The heart rate was regular and accelerated to 100/min. Vesicular murmur was heard over the lung fields.
Laboratory tests demonstrated anaemia with a haemoglobin level of 10.6 g% (norm 12-16 g%), MCV 87 fl and thrombocytopenia 102 K/µl (norm 120-400 K/µl). Parameters of renal and hepatic function were normal. Likewise, levels of thyroid hormones FT3 and FT4 were normal. The CRP level was elevated, 35 mg/l (norm < 5 mg/l). The level of D-dimer was also high, 5203 ng/ml (norm < 500 ng/ml). The 24-hour secretion profiles of cortisol and ACTH were normal. Additionally, the test of cortisol secretion inhibition with 1 mg of dexamethasone was also found normal. The concentration of catecholamines from the 24-hour urine collection was within the reference values whereas the levels of cholesterol (211 mg/dl) and triglycerides (219 mg/dl) were elevated.
During the present hospitalization, the patient underwent abdominal ultrasound examination which showed the presence of a polycyclic fluid-tissue area in the upper pole of the left kidney; maximum diameter was 12.4 × 11.1 cm, frontally 11.6 cm. The largest fluid space (multi-chamber) was 8.8 × 7.4 cm and reached the splenic hilus and pancreatic tail. Both kidneys were without urinary retention or large deposits. The spleen was enlarged, with a maximum diameter of 140 × 34 mm. The thoracic X-ray picture was normal whereas the lumbar spine image showed degenerative changes. Electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm. The patient underwent abdominal Computed tomography (CT) and was scheduled for tumour resection. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a multilobular, expansile process of the retroperitoneum, in the left adrenal fossa, which stretched between the left kidney, stomach and the spleen and showed an infiltrating pattern of growth and extensive necrotic changes centrally (Figures 1-3). The mass measured about 23 × 18.5 × 15.5 cm and displayed a strong but irregular enhancement of the soft tissue components after intravenous contrast administration. In the location of the former left adrenal gland, multiple large and rather regular calcifications were observed. The mass invaded the upper pole of the left kidney and the lower part of the spleen.
Laparotomy was performed and an extensive retroperitoneal solid tumour was found. The tumour extended from the oesophageal-gastric junction down through the greater curvature, which was infiltrated as well as the spleen and the left kidney. The resected tumour length with resection margins was about 25 cm and width about 20 cm. The tumour was resected in two specimens along with the greater curvature of the stomach, spleen and left kidney (Figure 4).
Three free drains were left. Based on the histopathological findings of the resected tumour, haemangiosarcoma G2/G3 was diagnosed (Figure 5).
During postoperative hospitalization, the patient’s condition gradually improved; she underwent pleurocentesis due to the presence of fluid in both pleural cavities. Her condition further improved and she was discharged home in good condition; regular check-ups in the surgical and oncological outpatient clinic as well as future chemotherapy were scheduled.
Angiosarcomas are a subtype of soft-tissue sarcoma and are aggressive, malignant endothelial cell tumours of vascular or lymphatic origin. Treatment is challenging in many cases and the prognosis is poor. Angiosarcomas are subdivided into cutaneous angiosarcoma, lymphoedema-associated angiosarcoma, radiation-induced angiosarcoma, primary breast angiosarcoma, and soft tissue angiosarcoma, and most reports include several angiosarcoma subtypes . About 2% of soft tissue sarcomas and 5.4% of cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas are angiosarcomas .
Based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme, 4.1% of angiosarcomas were diagnosed in 26,758 cases of soft tissue sarcoma available for analysis from 1978 to 2001. The 5-year survival for soft tissue sarcomas is 67%. The mortality for soft tissue sarcomas was around 1.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2000 .
Angiosarcoma can arise in any soft tissue structure or viscera and cutaneous angiosarcomas typically involve the head and neck, particularly the scalp. Angiosarcomas are of endothelial cell origin and tumours arising directly from major blood vessels or the heart are rare.
In the case described, the tumour was mainly located in the retroperitoneal space and infiltrated the left kidney, spleen and gastric wall. The patient did not report severe abdominal pain for a long period. The follow-up ultrasound scans showed cystic lesions in the left renal region.
Retroperitoneal angiosarcomas usually present as asymptomatic masses and generally grow to large sizes because the abdomen can accommodate tumours. Patients may present with neurological symptoms from compression of lumbar or pelvic nerves.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas are well known to present difficulties in their complete resection because of their inaccessible location and the absence of early symptoms, resulting in tumours of large size by the time the diagnosis is made. A collective review article that analysed the reports of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas from major centres found that complete resection was possible in 53% of patients treated in major centres, with a 5-year survival rate of only 34% of patients .
About 13 years before the present hospitalization, the patient was diagnosed with a multi-chamber cyst in the upper pole of the left kidney. Since then, the patient has reported recurrent abdominal pain. The exact onset time of tumour development is not known. The tumour might have grown slowly, inducing increasingly severe pain. In the preoperative period, pain sensations increased due to the large size of the tumour and infiltration of the spleen, left kidney and gastric wall. Laboratory tests excluded hormonal activity of the tumour as for secretion of cortisol and catecholamine derivatives. The primary site of tumour proliferation might have been the retroperitoneal space, spleen or left kidney. The tumour was mostly located in the retroperitoneal space. Its presence was confirmed by abdominal CT. Haemangiosarcoma of the adrenals has no functional activity. Urinary catecholamines and corticosteroid metabolites were all within the normal limits in our patient.
Computed tomography is the most useful tool in the evaluation of retroperitoneal tumours. A CT scan allows not only assessment of the tumour’s location and its relationship to adjacent organs, but also identification of metastatic lesions in the liver or peritoneal cavity. In addition, characterization of fatty tumours and detection of intra-abdominal metastasis are possible with CT scanning of the abdomen.
The appearance of adrenal haemangiosarcomas in the various imaging modalities is non-specific. Non-enhanced CT usually shows a heterogeneous suprarenal mass with necrotic changes, massive liquefaction, and peripheral contrast enhancement. Many neoplasms may be confused with the haemangiosarcoma .
Adrenal cortical carcinoma is the most important differential diagnosis to consider, but other neoplasms such as pheochromocytoma, metastatic malignancies, retroperitoneal mesenchymal tumours, and adrenal adenomas undergoing massive haemorrhage may simulate the appearance of an angiosarcoma . Differentiation between these lesions cannot be obtained by imaging alone; resection or biopsy must be performed to reach the definitive diagnosis.
The common causative factors for angiosarcoma are: trauma, lymphoedema, radiation, foreign bodies, thorium dioxide, and viral infection . In our case, at the age of 35, the patient had sustained an injury to the region where the tumour developed. This injury might have been the causative factor of angiosarcoma.
In vivo studies have shown that vascular damage and vascular flow predispose to metastasis and that increased numbers of tumour cells lodge at the site of trauma . It has been postulated that basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), released from traumatized tissue, plays an important role in the development of the Koebner phenomenon and may lead to the development of a tumour . Haematogenous seeding of tumour cells at the site of trauma and b-FGF synthesized in the tumour endothelial cells may play a key role in the growth and progression of angiosarcoma.
It seems that the tumour primarily proliferated in the retroperitoneal space, infiltrating the left kidney and later the spleen and gastric wall. During surgery, the tumour was resected together with the spleen, left kidney and a part of the stomach. It is likely that the tumour primarily originated from the spleen or gastric wall and further proliferated to the retroperitoneal space and infiltrated the left kidney.
Primary malignant vascular neoplasms of the spleen are rare and carry a dismal prognosis regardless of the treatment regimen. Neuhauser et al. described 28 cases of primary splenic angiosarcoma. The majority of patients (75%) complained of abdominal pain, generalized weakness, fatigue, malaise, and fever, and 25% presented with splenic rupture. The most common physical finding was splenomegaly (71%) .
Angiosarcoma involving the kidney usually represents metastasis from skin or visceral primary lesions, while angiosarcoma primarily occurring in the kidney is a very rare neoplasm. In the English literature since 1942, only 19 cases of primary kidney angiosarcoma have been reported. The most common clinical manifestations of renal angiosarcoma at the time of diagnosis are the presence of haematuria, palpable mass and flank pain .
Angiosarcoma of the GI tract is rarely reported in the literature. Among reported cases, only two were of primary gastric angiosarcoma, but both were symptomatic, and none presented as a gastric submucosal tumour. Tai et al. reported a 55-year-old man with primary gastric angiosarcoma presenting as an asymptomatic gastric submucosal tumour .
Angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that may develop in the retroperitoneal space. Due to this localization of angiosarcoma, the diagnosis and treatment of the tumour is delayed. In our case, the patient had been formerly diagnosed with a multi-chamber cyst in the upper pole of the left kidney which caused recurrent abdominal pain for 13 years and might have interfered with the growing pain caused by tumour growth in the left retroperitoneal space. In such patients, it is therefore especially important to keep in mind their earlier medical history. Our patient had undergone a large post-accident operation in the region where the tumour developed, which might have been a possible causative factor for the haemangiosarcoma. Taking this into consideration, any sudden change or growing intensity of abdominal pain should be further diagnosed in such patients. When angiosarcoma is suspected on ultrasound examinations, abdominal CT and histopathological examinations should be conclusive.
1. Apley J. The child with recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatr Clin North Am 1967; 14: 63-72.
2. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Enzinger & Weiss’s soft tissue tumors, 5th ed. Mosby, 2008.
3. Coindre JM, Terrier P, Guillou L, et al. Predictive value of grade for metastasis development in the main histologic types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of 1240 patients from the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group. Cancer 2001; 91: 1914-26.
4. Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni J (eds.). Cancer. Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York 2006.
5. Stom FK, Mahvi DM. Diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg 1991; 21: 2-10.
6. van Haelst UJ, Pruszczynski M, ten Cate LN, Mravunac M. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of epithelioid hemangioenthelioma of bone: coexpressiom of epithelial and endothelial markers. Ultrastruct Pathol 1990; 14: 141-9.
7. Ferrozzi F, Tognini G, Bova D, et al. Hemangiosarcoma of adrenal glands: CT findings in two cases. Abdom Imaging 2001; 26: 336-9.
8. Naka N, Ohsawa M, Tomita Y, et al. Angiosarcoma in Japan. A review of 99 cases. Cancer 1995; 75: 989-96.
9. Fisher B, Fisher ER, Feduska N. Trauma and the localization of tumor cells. Cancer 1967; 20: 23-30.
10. French PD, Harris JR, Mercey DE. The Koebner phenomenon and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 1994; 131: 746-7.
11. Sharpe RJ, Arndt KA, Bauer SI, Maione TE. Cyclosporine inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor-driven proliferation of human endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol 1989; 125: 1359-62.
12. Neuhauser TS, Derringer GA, Thompson LD. Splenic angiosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 28 cases. Mod Pathol 2000; 13: 978-87.
13. Johnson VV, Gaertner EM, Crothers BA. Fine-needle aspiration of renal angiosarcoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126: 478-80.
14. Tai CM, Hung CM, Lee TC, et al. Primary gastric angiosarcoma presenting as an asymptomatic gastric submucosal tumor. J Formos Med Assoc 2007; 106: 961-4.
Copyright: © 2011 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
pod redakcją Jarosława Wejmana i Witolda Bartnika
Format: 205 × 290 mm
Liczba stron 180
pod redakcją Tomasza Banasiewicza i Macieja Zielińskiego
Liczba stron: 242
Ragavendra R. Baliga
redaktor wydania polskiego prof. nadzw. dr hab. Maciej Banach
Format: kieszonkowy 110 x 190
Liczba stron 92
pod redakcją Andrzeja W. Szawłowskiego i Grzegorza Wallnera
TOM I - Format: B5, liczba stron: 340, oprawa miękka
cena: 92.00 zł
TOM II - Format: B5, liczba stron: 444, oprawa miękka
cena: 92.00 zł | <urn:uuid:1975f709-155c-4444-ab27-792a1a81b3be> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 17,382 |
I've put Windows 8 on a desktop PC through its paces, and like any early version of the operating system, it's got some problems and confusion, such as how to shut down Metro apps once you've launched them, and how to find the old-style Windows Control Panel. Here are four Windows 8 tips and tricks.
Shut down Metro apps
Run a Metro app, and you'll notice one thing is missing --- there's no apparent way to close it down. Usually, this isn't a problem, just let it run in the background. But there are times when an open Metro app may drive you off the deep end. For example the Zero Gravity app has a soundtrack designed to set your teeth on edge. Switch out of the app, and the soundtrack still plays.
There's a simple if kludgy workaround. Get back to the main Metro interface, then click the Desktop tile. That will switch you to the Desktop, and the music stops immediately. The app will still run for a minute or so, but the sound will be off. But after a short while, the app itself will shut down.
Get to the oldstyle Windows Control Panel
What happened to the Windows Control Panel in Windows 8? It seems to have vanished. The Start button on the Desktop no longer launches a menu including the Control Panel. True, there's a Metro Control Panel app, but that doesn't include all the fine-grained controls and features of the oldstyle Control Panel, and it also doesn't let you change the Desktop.
You can get to the oldstyle Control Panel relatively easily, though. In the Metro interface, click Control Panel, scroll to the bottom of the screen and click More settings, and you'll be sent to the Desktop's Control Panel, in all of its oldstyle glory.
Fast app switching between Metro and Desktop apps
There are several quick ways to switch between open apps, even if they're a mix of Metro apps and Desktop apps. Pressing Windows Key-Tab does the trick. But if you'd like to switch among apps without using the keyboard, you can do that as well. Move your mouse pointer to the far left of the screen, and a small icon appears of the last app you were running. Click it and you switch.
Metro screen capture
Want to capture a screen from Metro or one of its apps? If you try a Windows Desktop screen capture program, it may not work --- press the hot key for screen capture and nothing may seem to happen. Here's a workaround. Press the hot key, then get to the Metro desktop and click Desktop. At that point, you'll be sent back to the Metro screen you wanted to capture, and your screen capture program will spring into action --- at least, that's what happens to me using Snag-It. Your experience may differ.
There's an even more awkward way. When you're inside a Metro app, put your mouse pointer at the bottom left of the screen and then click the Share button. You'll then be prompted to share a screen capture using Metro's Socialite app for Facebook. This technique won't work on the main Metro interface itself, and may not work for every app. | <urn:uuid:25be7d58-a927-4324-98e3-ece793c4aa94> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,963 |
The retired district attorney who investigated child molestation charges against Woody Allen two decades ago told The Associated Press it would be too late to prosecute the director now.
Dylan Farrow, who Allen adopted with Mia Farrow, came forward over the weekend to allege in a blog post that Allen sexually assaulted her when she was 7 in an attic-like, second-story room. It was the first time Dylan, now 28, publicly described the alleged abuse by the director.
But in her blog post, she recounted how she spent years telling her story to doctors and authorities as a child.
Litchfield County District Attorney Frank Maco said in 1993 that he lacked evidence to prosecute Allen but suspected the abuse did occur. Maco, who retired in 2003, told the AP in a phone interview Sunday that the statute of limitations on the potential charges ran out at least 15 years ago.
Dylan Farrow said in her post that authorities opted not to go forward with charges against Allen “due to, in the words of the prosecutor, the fragility of the child victim.’ Woody Allen was never convicted of any crime. That he got away with what he did to me haunted me as I grew up.”
Allen has called her allegations “untrue and disgraceful.” | <urn:uuid:d6202f9b-21ef-4cbb-a0e3-9d7215aeaabf> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,219 |
Educational spaces of the smart kindWe take great pride in the work we do to deliver interactive, vibrant and inspiring projects in the education sector. Using our experience from across the world of education, we create flexible spaces with technology and sustainability at their core. Our work is delivered through public sector frameworks – such as the Department for Education – directly through local authorities or the institutions themselves, and, for some student accommodations, through private developer partners. To make sure we complete this work to the best possible standard, we bring together our full range of construction, fit out and engineering expertise to create spaces that work for the people that use them, every day.
Modern methods for efficiency and flexibility
We recognise the need for education environments to be adaptable and cost-effective – that’s why we have developed an innovative approach which uses standardised components. By transferring and replicating proven techniques and processes from our experience on other projects, this model speeds up pre-construction times, saves on delays during the design phase and improves cost and programming. The methodology enables the delivery of compliant and consistently high-quality builds that can easily accommodate design changes to align with client specifications.
In 2017, following an influx of people moving to the area, Manchester City Council needed to expand its provision of school places quickly. We were commissioned by the council, via the North West Construction Hub framework, to deliver 10 new schools and early learning facilities. For the second phase, six schools were built using a modular prefabricated system, with the team delivering a project value of circa £31 million in just 57-weeks, an achievement which was recognised with Constructing Excellence and Offsite Construction accolades.
Advancing technology across education
We’re industry-leading when it comes to embracing new technology and driving innovation, and it gave us great pride helping schools operate safely in 2020. To comply with the UK Government’s COVID-19 safety guidance during the pandemic, we created an app to capture new processes, procedures and innovations, and enable operatives to work safely on our sites – an app which Build UK shared with the construction industry. The app was then adapted for use in schools, providing information and examples around social distancing and highlighting good practice across a range of scenarios, such as travelling to school and being in the classroom.
The importance of technology in the curriculum is being seen across our education projects, including the Centre for Advanced Technologies (CAT) scheme at Barking and Dagenham College, procured via the Pagabo framework. Our team worked to redesign and refurbish existing facilities, creating an advanced skills training centre which will support technician grade qualifications in emerging occupational areas, such as engineering and robotics, data, TV, and film production.
A sense of family led Haaroon from the football pitch to life in the construction industry – and he’s flourishing. Read Haaroon's story.
Haaroon Belaid, Institute of Technology, Barking & Dagenham College, UK
Building a lasting impression
Building for the future means using the latest technology and ideas. We know that high-quality, high-performing spaces can boost productivity and attract top students, faculty and research talent. Buildings and campuses must be sustainable, future-proofed and cater for the shifting demands of society and business – the right space also allows institutions to shine in what is a competitive marketplace.
Imperial College London’s (ICL) new £90m Sir Michael Uren Hub, a space for its world-leading team to work together on the latest advancements in medicine, is enabling it to take healthcare into unchartered territories. The scheme is one of ICL’s flagship buildings at its 23-acre district in White City, which is dedicated to research and innovation in science, engineering, medicine and business. | <urn:uuid:bcf16ccd-539e-4819-9dad-c46fb79dc8b1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,095 |
Microsoft Dynamics 365 & Power Platform ConsultingI'm a Germany based Microsoft Dynamics 365 functional consultant with 10+ years experience in IT. I am able to provide training and consultancy on Dynamics 365 projects. To discuss these professional services please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.org Contact
When building Power Apps portals, we often place so much importance on functionality and business processes that we sometimes forget other technical aspects. Although you may not always want your portal to be discovered by search engines, there are many business use...
What do you do when your PowerApps form is bigger than the available screen space? Create some tabs! Heres the link to the Original Post: https://silicium-consulting.com/creating-tabbed-forms/
Many were extremely happy when multiselect option sets were added in Dynamics 365 for Customer Engagement v9. Unfortunately, PowerApps Portals do not yet support these field types out-of-the-box on Web Forms or Entity Forms. I have had to find workarounds for this...
How to Automatically Create Leads in Dynamics 365 from a Web Form – (without third-party connectors)
>> Watch Video here << In this tutorial I will show you how to create Leads in Dynamics 365 from web form submissions.
>> Watch Video Here << In this video I explain what the PowerApps ComboBox control is, what it does, and a couple use cases on how to use it best. If you stick around to the end, you'll see a bonus Combo 😉 | <urn:uuid:b17df186-05b3-4725-be1d-d4a0e4306e29> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,475 |
Tips and Techniques for Penetration
Penetration is often rife with forceful and passionate thrusting that seems to come from a very primal place. This penetrative thrusting can overcome you and seem to have its own sense of purpose and mission that you may or may not agree with. It can take some time to learn how to handle or how to direct this force. But for the sake of more exquisite and refined pleasures, it is a force worth reckoning with. Here are some tips and techniques to keep in mind when engaging in penetration of any kind.
Take It Slow
Any penetration should always start out slow, unless your lover indicates that she wants something else. In order for the tissues of the vulva and vagina to relax and become aroused and engorged, they need to feel safe. Slow, careful movements will support a sense of safety for her. You can gradually build up the intensity of penetration, including the speed, depth, and force, always checking in with her to make sure it's working.
Use Lube When Necessary
Penetration often requires added lubrication. If a woman is ovulating or produces a lot of vaginal lubrication, you may not need to add any lube for vaginal intercourse, or even for vaginal penetration with an object. But for any anal play, count on needing a lot of lube. The penis or object that is penetrating the anus or vagina should feel as though it can glide inward and outward, effortlessly and smoothly, without causing any discomfort or pain.
Learning how to make penetration as delightful as possible requires some practice, exploration, and finesse. You may have already explored a wide range of movements for penetration and discovered some very gratifying moves for you and your lover. But, just in case you haven't yet caught on to these moves or have forgotten about them, here are a few tried and true methods.
Just the Tip
Penetrating with or engulfing just the tip of the penis (or object) is a wonderful sensation for both of you. This is a great way to start penetration, or to occasionally revisit during a lovemaking encounter. Using just the tip is a way to tease and build arousal, as well as increase lubrication before further penetration or engulfment. You can explore this with slow or quick movements, and everything in between. Try different angles and positions to find out how this feels best to both of you.
Taking Your Time
Gradually working your way to full penetration is a much more skillful and exciting way to approach penetration. This can help increase the sexual tension, get your energies and emotions more in touch with each other, and create a circumstance in which you can delight in the subtleties of sensation. Going slow also creates a sense of safety, which helps immensely with arousal and lubrication for women, providing a much more luscious experience for you both. If you have the urge to hurry things up, try taking some deep breaths, breathing in the pleasurable sensations you are experiencing in that moment.
Stimulating the G-spot in women during vaginal penetration, or the P-spot in men during anal penetration, can greatly intensify the orgasmic experience. Aim for this spot during penetration, particularly as your lover gets close to orgasm. It could be the one trick that sends your lover over the edge.
Long, Slow, and Deep
Long, slow, and deep penetration is a great way to slow time, increase the size of your penis and increase arousal. After having gradually worked your way to full penetration, take some time just enjoying the lusciousness of the entire penis moving in and out of the vagina. Going slow can also create more space to fully recognize your feelings and enjoy your intimate connection with your lover.
All You've Got
When your passion peaks, giving all you've got and moving fast and forcefully can be just the thing to send you both over the edge, emotionally and physiologically. Wait until you absolutely can't hold back anymore and make sure that your lover is on the same page. You want to let the passion inside of you and between you and your lover build naturally, rather than forcing your movements.
Penetration and the orgasms that are produced this way can put you into a very raw and vulnerable state. You may even be moved to tears. Often, a sense of deep connection and intimacy forms and can make you feel very tender toward your lover. You may be feeling that your energies have merged and that you are truly not alone. This is a wonderful time to indulge yourselves in feelings of closeness to each other.
When your lover is ready to come, she may or may not want the penetration to continue. She may want it to stop so that she can focus on relaxing into the sensations and ride the pulsations and waves without the distraction of thrusting. Or she may want you to keep up the rhythm and groove until she has finished coming. | <urn:uuid:b81e6855-b423-4fd4-a05f-e6c957e5aa93> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,845 |
Michael Bloomberg To Fellow Mayors: I ‘Really Strongly Disagree’ With Chick-fil-A Ban Attempts
Yesterday on his weekly radio show, Mayor Michael Bloomberg finally weighed in on the Chick-fil-Gay-Marriage-Mapocalypse. And since he’s also a mayor who also happens to be one of the most banhammer–wielding mayors in New York City’s history, you’d think that he’d join his fellow big-city mayors in calling for a citywide ban of Chick-fil-A.
He did not.
“You can’t have a test for what the owners’ personal views are before you decide to give a permit to do something in the city,” Bloomberg said, specifically referencing Tom Menino, Rahm Emanuel, and Edwin Lee‘s threats to ban the chicken chain from Boston, Chicago and San Francisco, respectively. “You really don’t want to ask political beliefs or religious beliefs before you issue a permit. That’s just not government’s job.”
At the same time, you can’t ever call Bloomberg anti-gay marriage: he officiated the first gay wedding in the city after the state legalized same-sex marriage, handpicked the publicly-out Christine Quinn as his likely successor, and directed the city this week to file a brief to the US Supreme Court arguing for the overturn of the Defense Of Marriage Act.
But the “outspoken supporter of unfettered capitalism” (as the New York Times called him) and ex-Republican drew the line at government interference with a business. “It’s inappropriate for a city government, or a state government, or the federal government to look at somebody’s political views and decide whether or not they can live in the city, or operate a business in the city, or work for somebody in the city,” the mayor said. | <urn:uuid:c379e36a-a822-466d-83fb-7a4d08c741b1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,671 |
|Arum lilies make great plants for rainwater gardens|
Our soils were created to be natural water tanks. Depending on their composition, they (like sponges) have the ability to catch and hold water. They catch hundreds of thousands of litres of water, releasing it slowly over a period of time, either upward to the roots of plants, sideways into rivers, or downward into the groundwater below. Good soil is essentially a reservoir for plants to survive through periods of dryness. So why do we funnel it off into tanks, or even worse let it drain away into the stormwater system?
|Normal rainwater could be funnelled into the soil where it belongs, and excess water overflows into the stormwater system.|
Instead of using the downpipes to carry water straight into our stormwater system or at least into tanks, the water would flow from the roof down the drainpipes and into a catchment area with plants that would naturally be found in wetlands. These plants can tolerate both waterlogged and dry conditions depending on the season. The water can then drain away naturally into the soil.
|Vancouver's innovative stormwater solution|
This can be a beautiful way of bordering or softening hard areas like parking lots and roads, and in a water thirsty country like ours is an ideal way of conserving water in the place where it should be conserved. | <urn:uuid:d6832eae-d579-4c7c-b44a-27f94666fe60> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,347 |
Josh Nguyen: Executive Recruiter
Josh comes to McFarlin Stanford as a dedicated professional with over 7 years of experience in the staffing industry. His tenured skills are honed and developed in the areas recruitment, client relations, and business development. He successfully built and supported long lasting relationships with Fortune 500 clients within the F&A, IT, Manufacturing, Engineering and Insurance industries while exceeding all metrics and expectations.
Josh graduated from Texas Tech University with a bachelor’s degree in Marketing. His education sparked his passion in connecting with the community striving to help others to reach and exceed their professional goals, providing a positive experience. | <urn:uuid:1e819e72-838b-4eb4-a9ed-fd730c8060ec> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 720 |
Virtual Touring (idea)
Virtual tours allow people to look around places without being there.
Fictional graphic adventure games like Myst or Riven might come to mind, but this is based on the real world.
The user interface connects geographically related images of real places. Navigation is achieved by clicking the mouse pointer on active parts within the images.
Clicking on different sections of a scene allows changing directions, or simulating movement along various paths, or both.
If the concept is interesting, take a look. It's not hard to search for and find virtual tours. There are also some less personal approaches to virtual touring (MS, Google, etc.).
However, taking a few well-thought pictures and making simple links between them is approachable for anyone with a digital camera, a computer, and a little programming skill.
It's virtual touring for the masses.
I remember, around 1990, I met a fellow walking trails in Torbay, in Devon, England. It became evident we both worked with "computer stuff". I mentioned to him I'd seen nice interactive virtual tours of the area. We were both about equally surprised-- he told me he had been involved with the photography and production of those tours. It's a small world.
Some examples are available at XXX*http://tor-bay.com/tour/index.htm|virtual tours in and around Torbay in Southwest England. They were done by a company called XXX*http://www.halien.net/about.htm|Halien.
* Update 11/11/10: I was re-checking the off site linke and noticed AVG was giving a warning, so I've bogged the links to there. If they fix that I can put them back. | <urn:uuid:81abb6b2-738f-414c-a5d8-ce833a175587> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,607 |
Visiting friends and family is loads of fun, but can see us driving more than usual, unfortunately it can also see us sitting in more and more traffic jams!
Sitting behind the wheel for long periods has been shown to increase the activation of neck and lower back muscles which may lead to fatigue, stiffness and soreness in those areas.
Our tips for driving over Christmas are…
- Make sure you are alert and have planned the route including breaks
- Ensure the vehicle is safe to drive with good tyres and so on
- Sit in an upright position with your arms in a relaxed position with easy reach of the steering wheel
- Stay hydrated
- There will be delays so plan time for these and don’t get frustrated behind the wheel
- Try to stretch before and after to give your muscles the opportunity to relax
Other tips can be found below
The Winchester Wellness Team | <urn:uuid:0cecad6b-5563-4798-a54a-f08b7d813e6a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 859 |
5 edition of Linear geometry found in the catalog.
|Statement||K. W. Gruenberg, A. J. Weir.|
|Series||Graduate texts in mathematics ;, 49|
|Contributions||Weir, Alan J., joint author.|
|LC Classifications||QA564 .G72 1977|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||x, 198 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||198|
|LC Control Number||76027693|
The purpose with these notes is to introduce students to the concept of proof in linear algebra in a gentle manner. Topics covered includes: Matrices and Matrix Operations, Linear Equations, Vector Spaces, Linear Transformations, Determinants, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Linear Algebra and Geometry. Author(s): David A. Santos. Don't be put off by the book's title. It's a play on the popular Linear Algebra Done Right, by Sheldon Axler. Axler's book is also very good, and you might want to check it out. The classic proof-based linear algebra text is the one by Hoffman and Kunze. I find the two books I .
Discovering Geometry Text Book With Parent's Guide and Tests. This is a geometry textbook that is being distributed freely on the Internet in separate segments (according to chapter). I united the Parents Guide, the Geometry Lessons, & the tests, and compiled them into a single pdf file. Author(s): Cibeles Jolivette Gonzalez. The fundamental problem of linear algebra, which is to solve a system of linear equations. So let's start with a case when we have some number of equations, say n equations and n unknowns. So an equal number of equations and unknowns. That's the normal, nice case. And what I want to do is -- with examples, of course -- to describe, first, what.
Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry is a book of thirteen chapters grouped into three sections. Chapters 1–10 present the authors' perceptron theory through proofs, Chapter 11 involves learning, Chapter 12 treats linear separation problems, and Chapter 13 discusses some of the authors' thoughts on simple and multilayer Author: Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert. Linear Algebra, Geometry and Transformation provides students with a solid geometric grasp of linear transformations. It stresses the linear case of the inverse function and rank theorems and gives a careful geometric treatment of the spectral theorem. An Engaging Treatment of the Interplay among Algebra, Geometry, and Mappings.
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Vector spaces, linear maps, determinants, and eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Another standard is book’s audience: sophomores or Linear geometry book, usually with a background of at least one semester of calculus. upper level math. high school math. social sciences. literature and english.
foreign languages. The first isn’t really on linear geometry, but is a prefatory chapter to help motivate the ideas Linear geometry book follow. In it, Artzy introduces the complex number system (from scratch, but at a rapid pace and without proofs), and then, identifying the points in the Euclidean plane with complex numbers, uses the structure of that number system to.
Linear Algebra, Geometry and Transformation (Textbooks in Mathematics Book 20) - Kindle edition by Solomon, Bruce. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Linear Algebra, Geometry and Transformation (Textbooks in Mathematics Book 20)/5(3). Every time I’ve taught the course (undergraduate), I’ve been saddled with someone else’s choice of text.
And they’ve generally been isomorphic (the same) and not particularly inspiring. So I’m going with speculation here - in terms of what I think.
A classic in linear algebra is Paul R. Halmos' Linear Algebra Problem Book. In fact it's also a great book teaching many aspects of linear algebra and a great book in teaching how to solve first part contains more than problems, the last part contains detailed solutions. Most linear algebra texts neglect geometry in general and linear geometry in particular.
This text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students stresses the relationship between algebra and linear geometry. It begins by using the complex number plane as an introduction to a variety of transformations and their groups in the Euclidean plane /5(2).
Linear algebra and geometry by Bloom, David M., Publication date Topics Algebras, Linear, Geometry Publisher Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press Borrow this book to access EPUB and PDF files.
IN COLLECTIONS. Books to Borrow. Books for People with Print Disabilities. Trent University Library : This book on linear algebra and geometry is based on a course given by renowned academician I.R.
Shafarevich at Moscow State University. The book begins with the theory of linear algebraic equations and the basic elements of matrix theory and continues with vector spaces, linear transformations, inner product spaces, and the theory of affine and projective spaces.
Linear Algebra and Geometry is organized around carefully sequenced problems that help students build both the tools and the habits that provide a solid basis for further study in mathematics. Requiring only high school algebra, it uses elementary geometry to build the beautiful edifice of results and methods that make linear algebra such an important field.
The book has two aims: to provide a basic course in linear algebra up to, and including, modules over a principal ideal domain; and to explain in rigorous language the intuitively familiar concepts of euclidean, affine, and projective geometry and the relations between them.
Further Mathematics HL: Linear Algebra and Geometry has been written to provide students and teachers with appropriate coverage of these two Further Mathematics HL Topics, first examined in This book covers all sub-topics set out in Further Mathematics HL Topic 1 Linear Algebra and Further Mathematics HL Topic 2 Geometry.
This advanced textbook on linear algebra and geometry covers a wide range of classical and modern topics. Differing from existing textbooks in approach, the work illustrates the many-sided applications and connections of linear algebra with functional analysis, quantum mechanics and algebraic and differential geometry.
The subjects covered in some detail include normed linear spaces, functions 5/5(1). Linear Algebra & Geometry why is linear algebra useful in computer vision. Some of the slides in this lecture are courtesy to Prof. Octavia I. Camps, Penn State University References: Any book on linear algebra!-[HZ] – chapters 2, 4File Size: 2MB.
Linear geometry. Karl W. Gruenberg, Alan J. Weir. Springer-Verlag, - Mathematics - pages. 0 Reviews. From inside the book. What people are saying - Write a review. We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Linear Geometry, Algebraic Mathematics / Algebra / Linear Mathematics / General Mathematics / Geometry / Algebraic. This is essentially a book on linear algebra. But the approach is somewhat unusual in that we emphasise throughout the geometric aspect of the subject. The material is suitable for a course on linear algebra for mathe matics majors at North American Universities in their junior or senior year and.
Linear Algebra and Geometry - CRC Press Book This advanced textbook on linear algebra and geometry covers a wide range of classical and modern topics. Differing from existing textbooks in approach, the work illustrates the many-sided applications and connections of linear algebra with functional analysis, quantum mechanics and algebraic and di.
Additional Physical Format: Online version: Gruenberg, Karl W. Linear geometry. Princeton, N.J., Van Nostrand (OCoLC) Material Type. Geometry. In this course, students learn that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
They work with radicals and integer exponents and use this knowledge to understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem. Students use. Additional Physical Format: Online version: Artzy, Rafael. Linear geometry. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley (OCoLC) Document Type: Book.
Book Description. The Essentials of a First Linear Algebra Course and More. Linear Algebra, Geometry and Transformation provides students with a solid geometric grasp of linear transformations. It stresses the linear case of the inverse function and rank theorems and gives a careful geometric treatment of the spectral theorem.Linear Geometry of n-Space Vectors in Space → For readers who have seen the elements of vectors before, in calculus or physics, this section is an optional review.The Design of Linear Algebra and Geometry David Hestenes Abstract.
Conventional formulations of linear algebra do not do justice to the fundamental concepts of meet, join, and duality in projective geometry.
This defect is corrected by introducing Clifiord algebra into the foundations of linear algebra. | <urn:uuid:fd441cbd-70ae-47e7-825f-94a50f83a031> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 9,294 |
Why I’ve Never Missed The JUSTICE Conference—and Won’t Miss It This Year!
In 2011 I asked myself this question: Has the American evangelical church actually awakened to the biblical call to justice as a part of our discipleship as Christians? Or, did we just get caught up in a temporary cool to care movement?
Cool to care? While rock stars cheered us on.
Cool to care? While journalists highlighted our impressive stories of engagement.
I found my answer to those questions at The JUSTICE Conference in Bend, Oregon, on February 11-12, 2011.
Let me explain.
As a social worker turned pastor’s wife, I’d always gravitated to ministries touching the marginalized—both in the church and in the community. Increasingly I was drawn to global issues because I knew I had a unique opportunity to travel and a unique platform to steward.
In the early 2000s an unexpected meeting in Dublin—with a certain colorful, passionate and brilliant rock star—awakened me to the AIDS pandemic in Africa.
I felt overwhelmed by the horrific scale of the pandemic and nearly paralyzed by my complete lack of knowledge and sense of inadequacy.
At the same time, I felt undeniably called to do something. So I started meeting with medical experts, reading books I could barely understand, and asking questions that led to more questions.
Most importantly I began traveling to South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, Uganda. I followed a relational trail that ultimately led me to true heroes on the ground—healthcare volunteers on bicycles riding hours to hold the hands of the dying, pastors whose ministries were totally consumed with performing funerals every day of the week, “grannies” caring for the orphaned children of their children.
I learned about ARVs and PEPFAR. I saw white South African pastors broken and transformed when they opened their minds, their hearts and their churches to their black neighbors. I saw black South African pastors face the challenges in their communities with courage, creativity and competence.
I saw American congregations humbled and remade when they opened their minds and hearts to global victims of AIDS.
Well, occasionally I saw that. Actually, it was a pretty hard sell in the American evangelical church in the early 2000s.
I was grateful for those churches, including my own, that responded wholeheartedly and generously to the crisis. My husband instituted December 1—World AIDS Day—in our annual church calendar to help focus our congregational learning, financial giving and ongoing partnership with on-the-ground heroes in Africa.
By 2008 many American Christians had responded with brokenness and generosity to the “hard sell” of the AIDS pandemic—a response that helped contribute to a profound turnaround for millions of people worldwide. With an amazing staff at my church sustaining and expanding our partnerships in Africa, I was free to explore a new ministry direction.
Once again an unexpected conversation—this time with Arab Christians from the Middle East—pulled my heart and my passport in a new direction.
In the coming years I made repeated trips to Israel and Palestine, introducing a growing gathering of American Christians to Israeli and Palestinian peacemakers who refused to accept the status quo of ongoing conflict and violence.
I couldn’t wait to see American Christians respond to the challenges of peacemaking as they’d responded to the global AIDS pandemic.
But I was naïve. I hadn’t taken into account the theological and political complexities touching peacemaking in general, and Israel-Palestine in particular. While my own church leadership was fully supportive of what I was doing, engagement in the Middle East was proving to be a much harder sell in the broader evangelical church than I’d anticipated.
By 2011, I was discouraged. And I began to ask the question that opened this blog:
Had the American evangelical church just gotten caught up in a cool to care movement that had run its course?
And, I wondered, was that true about me too?
Did the pull toward justice run deep enough in me to sustain engagement in a battle that was way more controversial than cool? Or had I, too, just gotten caught up in a temporary burst of caring energy?
I found the answer when I stumbled across an ad about the launch of a new conference—The JUSTICE Conference. Front and center in the promo materials was this brief video invitation by Walter Brueggemann. This eminent Old Testament theologian invited Christians to reclaim our biblical mandate to exhibit our love of God by advocating for and acting on behalf of our vulnerable neighbor.
According to Brueggemann, it wasn’t just cool to care, it was deeply, profoundly, thoroughly biblical.
On February 11-12, 2011 in Bend, Oregon I attended the first JUSTICE Conference. What I loved about the conference—and needed from the conference—was that it situated the pursuit of justice squarely within the call to Christian discipleship.
Yes, speakers like Miroslav Volf and Ken Wytsma and Rachel Lloyd and Richard Twiss—and dozens of other academics and practitioners—addressed specific issues of injustice, but more importantly they reminded us again and again that addressing these issues was inseparable from what it meant to love God and follow Jesus.
At each JUSTICE Conference from 2011 through 2016 I had the privilege of speaking about issues that mattered to me: immigration reform, peacemaking in Israel-Palestine, gender-based violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, refugees in the Middle East, contemplation and action, our calling to preserve and protect every manifestation of beauty in God’s Kingdom.
In one truly humbling session in Philadelphia in 2013 I had the privilege of interviewing John Perkins, Lisa Sharon Harper and Stephen Baumann. What an honor to learn from such extraordinary leaders! Each year, without fail, I am inspired and fueled for the work of justice.
Each year I’m also challenged and convicted. That’s been especially true in recent years when I’ve had to admit that it can be easier to engage in global suffering than to address injustices closer to home.
While I’m no less committed to my global neighbors, I’ve been challenged to spend more time with undocumented immigrants in my own community, to pay more attention to the growing violence in Chicago, to listen more carefully to the voices of people of color in the US, and to learn humbly from those who have served faithfully in ways I’m just beginning to understand.
I think a lot of American Christians are feeling that same way–and I’m grateful we can join together at The JUSTICE Conference to learn together.
The theme of The JUSTICE Conference 2017 is “Love Thy Neighbor”—whether that neighbor is on the other side of the world or on the other side of the street—and we have an extraordinary line-up of speakers. Please join us! Conveniently for me, this year’s conference will be hosted at my church, Willow Creek Community Church. I’d love to greet you there! | <urn:uuid:59540480-2f4a-4771-9752-c5c00e0f3b42> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 6,969 |
Montgomeryville PA 18936, USA
According to the 2010 Consolidated Annual Performance & Evaluation Report (CAPER), the population of Montgomery Township is 22.3% Asian; neighboring Lansdale Borough is 18.8% Asian; and neighboring Upper Gwynyd is 17.6% Asian. With the many Asian markets, stores and businesses in the area, many Asian-Americans come into the area daily. I've witnessed a few interactions between white Montgomery Township police officers and Asian-Americans, and the white Montgomery Township officers have been patronizing toward the Asian-Americans, and worse. There are 39 officers and three staffers listed on the MTPD Website. None of them appear to be Asian-American. Given the racial makeup of Montgomery Township, why does it have no Asian-Americans on its police force?
Thanks! Thanked!Upper Moreland PA, USA
2 very deep holes in the middle of the travel lane. You have to go into the median to miss them. They are in the middle of the curve so if you don't know they are there there is a good chance you'll hit them. There was a cone in them but someone removed it.
215 W Freedley St Norristown, pa
It's cold, we have no food, No money to eat out everyday. I have three children, with One with a chronic Diease. There's no help anywhere and when you call PECO you get no answers. But they will be quick to send you a bill and shut you off for NON PAYMENT. Come on know.
3 VotesFix it! Voted!100 Cresson Blvd
Thanks for making the ramp to 422 East from Egypt rd no turn on red for the morning rush hour!! That is the most stupid thing ever to deal with the backups and road rage that goes on there every morning!!
Ridge Pike Between Belvoir Road And Manor Avenue Heading Toward Norristown Norristown, PA
ITS TWO LAND TRAFFIC AND IT ALWAYS TURNS OUT THAT THE PEOPLE IN THE CORRECT LAND NEED TO MERGE INTO THE LEFT LANE BECAUSE PEOPLE DON'T READ THE SIGN SO I RIDE THE MIDDLE ONCE I PASS BELVOIR ROAD TO THEY HAVE TO MERGE LEFT. PLESE OBSERVE THIS MESS. THANK YOU
Easton Rd & Fitzwatertown Rd Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA
and well hidden by trees anyway on Easton Road, just past the southbound corner of Andrea Drive.
It actually should be moved to in FRONT of 525 Andrea Drive, to disallow parking in the right turn only lane, which is the only turn allowed. A median and I believe a no left sign are meant to prevent any Andrea Drive traffic from doing anything but turn southbound onto Easton Road. The NO PARKING sign moved would help to ensure that lane is left free, except in emergencies. Once again there is almost no occupancy in 525 Andrea.
586-598 Andrea Drive Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA
Corner owner's trees hide the sign from trucks turning onto Andrea Drive from southbound Easton Road. NO one benefits from that. Rusty pole needs to be uprooted and hole filled in for safety. Sign should be placed directly across the street from it on the northeast corner of 525 Andrea, facing Easton Road traffic, who then have time to see it, and NOT enter that OVERUSED side street. Drivers use it to skip past Fitztown traffic light!
525 Andrea Drive Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA
and broken asphalt around one of them isn't helping either. They will only get worse as temperatures fall, as I know even tough steel reduces in the cold. They need either proper setting or cushioning. They echo right up Andrea Drive, let alone reverberate against nearby residences.
Main And Cherry St Norristown, PA 19401, USA
The thermoplastic traffic lines on Cherry Street, South side of Main Street, are worn away already. Cars regularely make left turns from the right hand, straight lane backing up traffic and almost causing accidents when cars in the left hand turn lane attempt to turn with them. This is an accident waiting to happen. | <urn:uuid:bac0bab8-7f6f-482f-af14-6f01f1997a19> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,751 |
Refurbishment of Seacole West at Chase Farm Hospital primarily involved some demolition and internal alteration including stripping out and reprovision of ensuite bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchen, dining room as well as renewal of mechanical and electrical services in the unit along with new flooring to create a modern empowering environment for adult low secure learning disability services.
Although the unit was vacant during the works Chase Fam Hospital is a very busy site with patient’s services being provided in adjacent buildings requiring close attention to site deliveries, waste removal, noise and dust so as not to disturb other staff and patient services.
Storm have been working with the Trust for several years now on numerous projects varying in value and complexity including working on wards ranging from Elderly/Dementia, Adolescent, Adult, Low and Medium Secure.
Frequently it is necessary for works to be carried out whilst wards remain occupied and I have always found Storm to be courteous, responsive, thorough and proactive without being overly ‘contractual’. Their project management is excellent resulting in projects generally completing on time, within budget and with comprehensive O&M manuals. For projects of the right type, size and value Storm are “one of the first to go on the tender list”
Head of Principle Planning | <urn:uuid:4fb05eef-8881-4760-bb48-bef7323c2a9a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,351 |
- Note: Moschiola indica was recently segregated by Groves and Meijaard (2005) as a species separate from Moschiola meminna, which they reserved for animals from parts of Sri Lanka. This segregation is founded upon a Phylogenetic Species Concept. Many sources up to 2005 referred to Indian animals as part of M. meminna (seen as the only species in the genus). Prior to Groves and Grubb (1987), the taxa within Moschiola were commonly referred to as Tragulus meminna. It is therefore under these two names (Moschiola meminna and Tragulus meminna) that most information on the species can be found. | <urn:uuid:ed488f83-a05c-4e80-8677-ca18e92abde6> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 597 |
Topic: Storytelling with Anecdotal Evidence and Data
When: 2021-04-22T18:00:00Z → 2021-04-22T19:00:00Z
Guests: Urooj Nizami (Open Education Strategist, Kwantlen Polytechnic University), Erin Milanese (Affordable Learning Project Coordinator, Private Academic Library Network of Indiana (PALNI)), Jeff Gallant (Program Director, Affordable Learning Georgia), and Genya O’Gara (Virtual Library of Virginia (VIVA) Deputy Director)
Implementing open educational resources (OER) and related practices can mean student savings, pedagogical innovations, collaborative learning, and more. Many of us working with OER hear stories from faculty and students about the difference these resources and related practices make in creating a more equitable and inclusive learning environment. Yet it can be difficult to effectively tell these stories to key stakeholders, since higher education administrators, state legislators, faculty adopters and potential donors may respond to different evidence. In this session, we’ll explore how to tell stories about open education’s impact through anecdotal evidence and data, including opportunities to amplify the voices of those who are often marginalized in our educational system. As part of the discussion, we’ll also talk about tools and strategies for tracking local OER impact.
Please RSVP in the form below:
To join the call on the day of, please go to https://bit.ly/3sp9Qxm. Please note that the session will be recorded. | <urn:uuid:7dd84809-dbf4-4415-991e-bca5b6d66aa3> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,461 |
Shadow Warrior 2 takes the fast paced, gruesome combat of the recent Doom and enhances it with a loot system like that of Diablo or Borderlands. Add to that even more over-the-top acrobatics and a focus on up-close, melee encounters, and you have a gorgeous cacophony of particles effects, gore and raunchy humour that’s just joyous to play.
Everyone’s favourite foul mouthed first-person protagonist, Wang, – sorry Duke – is back to slice, dice and shoot demons, humans, robots, and giant insects whilst a ridiculous and amusing narrative plays out. This time around, five years on from the previous title, the world is full of nasty beasts and Wang has turned mercenary to cash in on the infestation. A job to rescue a half demon scientist, Kamiko (creator of designer drug Shade) soon becomes more complicated when her physical body is found to be too weak to hold her soul due to a demonic curse. Instead, Kamiko hops into Wang’s body and shares his consciousness, sending Wang on a quest to cure her.
It’s a bizarre story in an equally bizarre world that compliments the theme of over-the-top combat with grotesque demons nicely. Many will find it to be a mere excuse to get maiming, and that’s just fine. Meanwhile, the copious amounts of toilet humour and staggeringly silly one-liners are more than enough to keep you engaged as the craziness unfolds around you. It’s the ideal tale to trigger some good laughs and let you loose on hordes of demons, because it’s the combat where Shadow Warrior 2 really shines.
It’s fast paced and beautiful, much like its brother in arms; Doom, and it’s all about quick, constant movement and twitch action. However, Shadow Warriors 2 turns it up a notch with a huge arsenal of weapons that cover the gamut of ranges, as well as magical abilities. You’ll be firing rifles from a distance as you sprint forward towards your target, switching to SMGs and pistols as the gap closes, before pulling out your katana and slicing your foe in twain inches from your face. All the while you’ll need to jump meters into the air (utterly defying gravity) and strafe right and left to dodge incoming attacks. And once you do get up close and intend to break your opponent down into component parts, an elegant and highly satisfying dash to get behind them before you render them into chunks of meat is the cherry on top that you never knew you needed to make your savage murder cake taste its sweetest. It’s glorious.
After clearing an area of demons and thoroughly soaking the ground with blood, loot will be strewn across the battlefield begging to be picked up, categorised, compared, and eventually equipped. There’s tons of weapons, upgrades and ammo to collect, augmenting you and your weapons with elemental abilities, extra damage, increased fire rates and much more. Managing it all can get tedious; there’s a lot of it and the options are truly vast, but the crazy new weapons and the extra punch they pack after a particularly good pairing of upgrades is hugely satisfying to wield in the next blisteringly fast battle.
This loot system, as well as the weapon and character upgrades, scratches that same itch games like Diablo do. It’s a successful melding of mindless, gory murder with pleasantly calm inventory management. It aids greatly in the pacing of the experience. After an intense level of giant demon bunny rabbits trying to ruin your day whilst you dash around the environment like a magical ninja gunslinger, shifting items around in the inventory and taking stock of what you have and what you can create, provides that little bit of tranquility before it all starts up again, following that ideal curve of pacing and engagement.
Of course, all this demon slaying does have the potential to become repetitive. Fortunately, partial procedural generation in non-story levels aids with this. The side missions Wang can do outside of the critical path feature random enemies, loot and level structure to keep things interesting, and although the pool of assets and level environments is limited, they’re all gorgeous and vary from each other significantly. One level may surround you with trees and nature’s splendour whilst another throws you into a cyberpunk, neon lit office complex. Meanwhile, an abundance of particle effects and superb lighting makes each level look stunning.
Moreover, you can always bring a few friends into the fray. Four player co-op allows you to grind for more loot and take on the demon hordes for sport, and it’s great fun. Although, only loot will carry over between players rather than game progress.
Shadow Warrior 2 is a great game. It takes the crude humour of Duke Nukem, the fast pace of Doom, and the copious amount of loot of Diablo, and creates a game that balances substance and style splendidly. It’s deeper than you’d ever imagine such a gorefest to be, but this never compromises the silly tone or the action-packed combat. It’s tremendous fun.
Ed’s note: Shadow Warrior 2 is coming to PS4 and Xbox One next year, so for fuck sake don’t forget about it if you’re not a PC gamer. You can cream over it then!
Huge arsenal of weapons and upgrades
Intense, fast paced, acrobatic combat
NPCs look at bit plastic and lack facial detail
Humour won’t be for everyone. | <urn:uuid:ce5da2a0-3763-41ea-990e-bae89bb98e6d> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,256 |
A hip replacement is a very successful operation for someone having a difficiult time with a worn-out hip. It is usually an option for a patient with bone-on-bone arthritis, who has failed to get satisfactory relief from other treatments.
The idea of the operation is to decrease pain and improve function.
The surgery itself involves removing the head of the femur (thigh bone), which is the ball of the joint, and fashioning a new socket. A stem inside your thigh bone provides support to the ball. Some people have an idea that an artificial joint will be a “super joint”, which isn’t the case, but an artificial hip is usually much better than a worn-out, painful one.
Dr Martin routinely uses the anterior approach for hip replacement surgery.
People typically stay 1-2 days in hospital for the surgery. As techniques and recovery from the surgery improve, this has been getting shorter. You can stay longer if you need to though! For appropriate patients who would find a very short stay in hospital convenient, Dr Martin can offer a 24 hour stay for the surgery. Dr Martin uses dissolvable stitches, but you still need to keep the wound covered with a dressing for about 2 weeks.
Most people feel that they are on the mend and are back to doing what they were before the surgery by 4-6 weeks, or even sooner. From this point on most people would just get better and better, but people do recover at different rates.
If you are thinking about having major hip surgery it is important to have a good discussion with Dr Martin about whether the operation is right for you or not. All surgical procedures have risks associated with them. The decision to proceed with the surgery basically comes down to a discussion around whether the risks are worth taking, or not. Please see the frequently asked questions section for more information.
What is arthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is wear to, or failure of, a joint lining down to bare bone-on-bone. Many people use the term osteoarthritis to dismiss vague aches and pains that they resign themselves to put up with, but osteoarthritis is something specific and usually treatable. Osteoarthritis can cause pain, stiffness, bony lumps, bow or knock kneed legs and swelling.
Hip and knee replacements are examples of major operations for osteoarthritis, but for other areas in the body smaller operations may be appropriate too. Surgery for osteoarthritis is generally the last resort and there are many non-operative treatments that can also be discussed with the doctor.
Other types of arthritis, like rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis, are often treated by a rheumatologist. An orthopaedic surgical opinion may be useful in these cases too if a lot of damage has been done to the joints.
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition often associated with ageing, in which bones become weaker and break more easily. It is something to ask your general practitioner about as it is known to be associated with other medical conditions or medications.
If you are middle aged or older and have broken a bone it is also something to have checked out. There are tests to rule out important causes and there are effective treatments. If someone has osteoporosis it doesn’t mean they can’t have a hip replacement.
Osteoporosis is sometimes confused with osteoarthritis as both can be shortened to osteo.
Can my worn-out hip get too bad for an operation?
Normally it isn’t possible to let your worn-out hip get too bad for surgery. Actually it is usually in the best interests of your health to put joint replacement surgery off for as long as possible.
Your worn hip is normally tough and won’t disintegrate or grind away to nothing. People also worry about the worn hip joint throwing other joints out and causing damage to something else, but that wouldn’t typically be a reason to proceed with surgery. If a joint near or opposite the first one wears out then realistically it was probably going to do so eventually anyway.
The decision to proceed with hip replacement surgery is generally made when the problem in terms of pain and disability with the hip or hips is bad enough in its own right. The surgery is to alleviate current trouble rather than protect against problems in the future.
Am I too old for a hip replacement? If I put it off will I be too old?
No one is too old for a joint replacement. It is important to make a careful and considered decision about proceeding with major surgery at any age, and this is especially the case in the very elderly.
A joint replacement is never out of the question, so long as your medical fitness allows it. Dr Martin takes time with elderly patients to really get to the bottom of their issues and to help the person decide whether an operation is right for them or not.
Am I too young?
Joint replacements don’t last forever and younger people wear them out more quickly. This is more of an issue in knee replacement surgery than hip replacement surgery.
The results of surgery in young people are improving so there probably is no longer a need for a hard and fast cut off as there previously was.
Some young people can end up with a very bad hip. For those people a hip replacement can be a great solution if they have tried other sensible alternatives.
If you are young and are having a lot of trouble from arthritis, it isn’t a straightforward situation. This is a good reason to see an orthopaedic surgeon, who can talk through the different options and associated decision making. | <urn:uuid:c84789b5-4c13-4301-94f1-ace98a2f5a24> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,488 |
6 Ways to Stay Discreet on the Go with Incontinence
LIKE (0) Jxxm06KTWr2xdLc5aZUT57B6lyYtXm3xzvCMB0ZHlCMIHuOU8jcV+Iof/KyUk84LVIjd6xeFGcWEyY6XPkB5eN05UWhq9AeCrWOMauHgGW20l9uoN949W/fGE6mk4+S0MXg7tyh2lU9loDYCEO55/g==
Maintaining an active lifestyle while discreetly managing bladder leakage takes a little planning. These smart strategies can help you remain prepared—and inconspicuous—no matter where you go.
Make a backpack, gym bag, or messenger bag part of your on-the-go look.In addition to carrying absorbent products, include other personal items inside, like sunglasses, a notebook, and keys so it becomes a normal part of your everyday attire. Use your bag to carry a change into a public restroom and carry it out to the wastebasket.
Keep plastic bags for disposal on hand.Include plastic bags in your carry-around bag. The darker blue bags can mask what’s inside when you need to toss out a change in public. You can find poly bags or deodorized disposal bags in most stores or online.
Keep emergency changes in your glove box or trunk.Store one or two Depend
Try adjustable underwear.Depend® Adjustable Underwear is designed for discreet changing, often without having to remove your pants and shoes. The underwear features perforated sides that neatly tear open to make removal and application easier especially when in a public place.
Go with Guards.Depend
Plan ahead.Locate bathrooms ahead of time, especially in places you don’t visit very frequently. It also helps to set a schedule for regular changes.
Above all, don’t worry that others take notice of small personal things like tossing out a bag in the restroom. Have confidence in what you’re doing and no one will think twice about your personal care routines. | <urn:uuid:97fc3338-c372-4469-a734-67bdfc0748f0> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,729 |
My family has been through a lot over the past 2 years. I have been constantly reminding myself to consider my trials pure joy (James 1) and that God is in control. Though I’ve told myself this many times, it didn’t really sink in until tonight. Not only does God have a plan, but he knows our sinful nature. He knows all. Nothing is hidden from Him. He knows its our nature to sin and has planned ahead in order to bring about His glory and the glory of His Son, Jesus Christ.
“For we know all things work together for good to those who love God” (Romans 8:28)
“For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the LORD, “plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” (Jeremiah 29:11)
It is truly a comfort to know that though the trials we go through are caused by our sin, our sins are not too big or too messy for God. He has already planned ahead and made everything work out in the end. No matter what happens, nothing can stop God’s children from being redeemed through Jesus Christ. That is God’s plan: an eternal relationship with us, His children. All we have to do is accept His gift.
So God really does have a plan. God has planned to use these trials I’m going through to bring me closer to Him and make me a stronger daughter of Christ. As hard as it can be at times, I’m going to take every day as a gift from God, no matter what happens. Despite the trials we face daily, each day is truly a joy and ultimately brings us one day closer to an eternity with our Heavenly Father.
And knowing that brings me pure joy. | <urn:uuid:421564b3-a0a8-4c99-9ec9-23de57cf1625> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,561 |
07 December 2012
05 December 2012
04 December 2012
as early as next season. Here is my analysis.
03 December 2012
02 December 2012
Who would ever think we would see the day when Northern Illinois would be in a BCS bowl but behind the talents of quarterback Jordan Lynch, the Huskies, who won the MAC on Friday night by defeating Kent State in double overtime in Detroit, are headed to the Orange Bowl to take on Florida State. Of course ESPN is angry about them getting in, but I guess they don't have problems with automatic qualifiers Wisconsin (Big Ten) or Louisville (Big East) getting in either. Don't shoot the messenger, friends.
Quasi-rant aside, let's take at the 35 bowl games that will dot December and January. | <urn:uuid:8ba34bf6-9e29-45ee-9f2d-3faaaf9db767> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 722 |
Lord Byron’s Feminist Canon: Notes toward Its Construction
Lord Byron took a highly ambivalent attitude toward female authorship, and yet his poetry, letters, and journals exhibit many proofs of the power of women’s language and perceptions. He responded to, borrowed from, and adapted parts of the works of Maria Edgeworth, Harriet Lee, Madame de Staël, Mary Shelley, Elizabeth Inchbald, Hannah Cowley, Joanna Baillie, Lady Caroline Lamb, Mary Robinson, and Charlotte Dacre. The influence of women writers on his career may also be seen in the development of the female (and male) characters in his narrative poetry and drama. This essay focuses on the influence upon Byron of Lee, Inchbald, Staël, Dacre, and Lamb, and secondarily on Byron’s response to intellectual women like Lady Oxford, Lady Melbourne, as well as the works of male writers, such as Thomas Moore, Percy Shelley, and William Wordsworth, who affected his portrayal of the genders.
Copyright © Paul Douglass, 2006 | <urn:uuid:ef5aa89e-57e6-46b7-8c6c-c97365a1d626> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 982 |
In a statement that was released today, the company confirmed that the special committee will enquire about possible joint ventures, strategic partnerships or even the sale of the company, but stressed that “there can be no assurance that this process will result in any transaction”.
Trading in BlackBerry shares was temporarily suspended but resumed trading at 8.30 a.m ET. Prem Watsa, chairman and CEO of Fairfax Financial – the largest BlackBerry shareholder – has said that he will resign because of potential conflicts that could arrive during this process.
This news follows a report from Reuters which revealed that BlackBerry was [...]
Announcing the results today, the company revealed that revenues increased from $2.8 billion a year ago to $3.1 billion but reported a GAAP (Generally accepted accounting principles) loss of $84 million.
This will come as a blow to the company, which renamed from Research in Motion at the start of the year.
The firm has made significant job cuts over the last year and had looked to have turned a corner when it reported a profit of $94 million just last quarter.
BlackBerry says that it shipped 6.8 million BlackBerry smartphones in Q1, which was up 13% on a quarter-on-quarter basis, and revealed that it also shipped 100,000 PlayBook tablets.
However, in a [...]
But the struggling device maker has been mum on just who the customer is.
There has been some speculation the deal might be with a carrier, but AllThingsD knocked that idea down as unlikely given the low odds any of the conservative carriers would make such a commitment to what is essentially an unproven product, the new BlackBerry Z10 smartphone.
Maybe not, but without knowing the terms of the deal, it’s hard to say. It doesn’t seem impossible that a big carrier like AT&T or Verizon, given enough of a discount and promotional considerations, would consider such a deal.
But Wedge Partners analyst Brian Blair told the site it agrees its unlikely [...]
The BlackBerry Secure Work Space solution represents an add-on to BlackBerry Balance and will be available to all devices managed through BlackBerry’s Enterprise Service 10 solution, the Canadian company’s multi-platform enterprise mobility management (EMM) solution.
Secure Work Space includes client applications for email, calendar, contacts, tasks, memos, secure browsing and document editing, thereby enabling users to have separate sections for their personal and work data on their iOS and Android devices.
"With BlackBerry Balance technology, we offer the industry's only true compromise-free separation of work and personal data and [...]
Speaking at the unveiling of BB10 in New York, CEO Thorsten Heins said that the firm is “working on” pushing out the software for the PlayBook but stressed that the company will only make tablets again if the terms are right.
“The way I look at the tablet business is this: providing profit to shareholders on hardware only is difficult. We will continue in the tablet space, but we want to provide a value proposition that isn't just the hardware," said Heins.
The CEO then gave more than a hint that the company, which has been renamed from Research in Motion, has struggled with poor PlayBook sales. “We want a tablet to be able to make [...] | <urn:uuid:e25bce28-5fea-46af-999d-03bc21d91bca> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,265 |
You think it’s cool to hate things. And it’s not. It’s boring. Talk about what you love and keep quiet about what you don’t.
Liberal Arts (via moaka)
Do not be afraid of your difficulties. Do not wish you could be in other circumstances than you are. For when you have made the best of an adversity, it becomes the stepping stone to a splendid opportunity.
H.P Blavatsky (via lucifelle) | <urn:uuid:f000bd70-144e-4e44-bda5-e15c0eea2073> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 386 |
- 1From the Department of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Medical Anthropology & Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are significant public health concerns, especially given the risks for disease interactions. Rates of HCV and HIV are increasing, especially in rural areas. Local health departments (LHDs) play an important role in rural health care, offering screening, testing, and treatment for HCV and HIV. Gaps persist in LHD resources for meeting these demands, especially in Appalachia and the US South.
Methods: To explore HCV/HIV screening, testing, and treatment approaches and perspectives in south-central Appalachian North Carolina, structured telephone questionnaires were administered to communicable disease nurses and other health department staff directly involved in screening and testing. Mixed-methods data analyses were conducted and triangulated with stakeholders.
Results: Eighteen participants representing 19 counties completed the questionnaire, achieving a saturation sample. Participants reported barriers to screening and testing, including housing insecurity, lack of transportation and insurance, unemployment, and the isolation of living in a rural area. Divergence in perceptions of barriers between public health regions emerged, as did perceptions of who is at risk and use of stigmatizing language about people at risk for HCV/HIV.
Conclusions: This study highlights the impact of LHD behaviors and perceptions on screening and testing, and offers recommendations to improve HCV/HIV screening and testing accessibility in south-central Appalachia, a high-risk region. | <urn:uuid:499a4990-0d10-4360-87c6-f8293e129c3a> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,852 |
When it comes to fitness bracelets, the Honor Band 5 is definitely one of the best on the market right now. The Honor Band 5 offers a vibrant AMOLED display, several attractive watch faces, and enough fitness system to encourage you to live a healthy lifestyle. Please check the user reviews about HONOR band 5 and considering the competition, the Honor Band 5 looks like a value proposition. At the moment, it competes with the Mi Band 3 and Galaxy Fit e, which are slightly more affordable but may not offer the same features as the Honor fitness band. But how will the Honor Band 5 compete with the upcoming Mi Band 4? Read our Honor Band 5 review to see if this is the best fitness tracker available.
Honor Band 5 design
The Honor Band 5 hasn’t changed much from its predecessor when it comes to design. It features the same 0.95-inch full-color AMOLED display as the Honor Band 4. The entire surface of the fitness bracelet is protected by 2.5D glass on top. The rest of the body is made of plastic, so it is easy to wear it all day and sleep. In most cases, you will likely forget that you are even wearing a fitness tracker.
It’s small and comfortable enough to wear while sleeping, which is good because the Honor Band 5 also has sleep tracking. The Honor Band 5 has a very narrow design that can look very small on large wrists. The rubber straps have a striped pattern on the surface and many holes to fit the fitness tracker on your wrist. The straps feel like cheap plastic rather than rubber, which make them fragile. You can buy the Honor Band 5 in three strap colors – coral pink, meteorite black and navy blue. The device I received was black, which can be used in a discreet color if you don’t want to draw a lot of attention.
The main attraction of the Honor Band 5 is its full color AMOLED display, which is unique to this segment, at least for now. The Mi Band 3 and Galaxy Fit e both offer monochrome displays, which makes the Honor Band 5 even better. That being said, Xiaomi will soon launch the Mi Band 4 in India, which also has a color AMOLED display, so it will then be interesting to compare the two fitness bands.
The color AMOLED display on the Honor Band 5 looks fantastic with vibrant and eye-catching colors on the tiny 0.95-inch screen. This makes the display lively and attractive. Honor also donated several colored watch faces that come pre-installed. In addition to watch faces, colored icons for messages, settings, workout and heart rate in the menu carousel are also colored. The Honor Band 5 in India only offers 8 preloaded watch faces and nothing else. Honor has a new watch face shop but unfortunately not available in India yet.
Indoors, the display is bright enough, but you can’t read it in direct sunlight. Texts look crisp throughout the user interface, except for notifications, which are displayed in small and abbreviated print, which can be a little difficult to read. This is a small display, so you won’t be able to read the entire message.
Software – Compatible with Huawei Health
The Band 5 can connect to devices running Android 4.4 and iOS 9.0 or later. However, to pair the fitness tracker with your smartphone, you need to install the corresponding Huawei app, which can be downloaded from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store. The Huawei Health app also contains various settings for customizing the Band 5 and viewing user data. The app also contains many alternative watch faces. Please check the user reviews about HONOR band 5 and then go for it. | <urn:uuid:c74c89cf-52ca-44bf-baad-715f3edccea3> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,517 |
Originally Posted by kubiak
if i had the money i would buy a ktm 950 super enduro and do it up with fat atv tires and rims. maybe in a few years. shot some semi flat black on the rear rim like the newer tws for now till i get my spoke kit then i can powdercoat it.
If you do buy the 950 let me know what you want for the GS or TW or what ever is appropriate to call that mean looking beast. I LOVE IT!
Take the road of greatest resistance
2013 F800GS All Around Awesome Triple A
2002 XR250R Dirty Girl so fun to ride
1997 KLR 650 miss the old girl. Never washed! | <urn:uuid:64e215b5-221d-4332-ae7e-370a94416cc5> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 562 |
Police say officers on patrol at about 3:30 p.m. Thursday were approached by witness who said there was a man with a gun at Osborn Street and Blake Avenue.
Police say the officers approached the armed teen, who fled on foot. Shots were fired and the teen was struck in the torso.
The teen was taken to Kings County Hospital where he was listed in stable condition.
A firearm was recovered at the scene. | <urn:uuid:4af77224-3b2b-49aa-8d5c-24c848931dc6> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 402 |
The Crow speak a Siouan language that is closely related to the Hidatsa. It is generally believed that the Crow originated near the Bear Paw Mountains at Three Forks on the Missouri River and separated from the Hidatsa and moved west onto the Plains region during the 1500s to 1600s, as suggested through linguistic evidence (Hollow and Parks 1980). Although considered separate tribes in today’s world, the Crow and Hidatsa continue to speak mutually intelligible languages with each other.
The Crow consisted of three groups, two of which separated prior to historic times (Voget 2001). The River Crow, the “wirrê sape re,” were considered the original descendants of the Hidatsa proper while the Mountain Crow, the ašaraho’, were ancestors of the Awatixa Hidatsa (Bowers 1965; Curtis 1907-1930). The third, the Kicked-in-the-Bellies, were a smaller group that broke away from the Mountain Crow in historic times.
Although little is known in ethnohistorical literature about Crow prehistory, it is believed that the Crow were sedentary farmers and potters who lived in earth lodges along the Missouri River until about the early 1500s. After splitting from the Hidatsa between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Crow became semi-nomadic hunters, living in tipis and hunting big game.
By the 1820s, the Crow were recorded as encompassing a large land base distinct to each division (Figure 8). The Mountain Crow were recorded as hunting in the Big Horn, Middle Yellowstone, Upper Tongue, and Powder River basins and into the Big Horn, Absaroka, Beartooth, and Wind River mountain ranges (Voget 2001). As they moved into the area they likely displaced some of the tribes making use of the area, including the Shoshone-Comanche, and Kiowa. By 1850, the Crow were ranging as far south as Fort Laramie, and controlled most of the northeastern Wyoming (Smith 1983). The River Crow ranged over Montana in the lower Yellowstone River and north to the Marias and Milk rivers with fall and winter hunting grounds established in Judith Basin (Voget 2001). All bands of the Crow would unite in the spring and summer for hunting. After 1850, neighboring tribes such as the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapahoe began to encroach on Crow territory, likely pressured by continued western expansion by U.S. settlers (Smith 1983).
The Crow are thought to have acquired the horse around A.D. 1730 (Haines 1938). They might have obtained horses from the Comanche and possibly the Nez Perce (Morgan 1959; Bradley 1896-1923), but it has also been documented that they may have acquired them from the Shoshone (Haines 1938). Once mounted on the horse, the Crow became integral trading partners with a number of tribes. By the late 1800s all three divisions of Crow had established trade relations with western and Northern Plains tribes, which included the Eastern Shoshone, Comanche, Nez Perce, and Flathead, and expanded their trade among the River Crow, who were more sedentary than the mounted Mountain Crow. Other tribes along the Upper Missouri River, such as the Mandan, Hidatsa, and the Arikara, provided necessary trade goods that further created extensive trade networks that brought on good relations with early European traders and the U.S. government in historic times (Algier 1993).
The role of the Crow as middlemen in trade evolved into diplomacy and cultural mediation with early European settlers. Beaver pelt trade was thought to be their first participation with the American Fur Company trading posts at Fort Cass and subsequent forts in the region (Algier 1993:87). The Crow, at one time, occupied areas in the Powder River Basin along the Bozeman Trail. The treaties of 1851 and 1868 established the boundaries of the Crow Reservation. Land sales over the years have significantly diminished Crow lands and the reservation is now severely partitioned, or “checker boarded,” to such an extent “that the overwhelming majority of Crow Indian land is under the control of white farmers and ranchers” (Old Coyote 2005).
After their transition to nomadic hunting and gathering, the Crow relied heavily on buffalo as their primary meat source. The Crow hunted mostly from horseback, unless the snow was too deep, when they will make use of firearms (Denig 1961). This was supplemented with plant foods, such as biscuit root and prairie turnip, and other plant varieties (Hart 1992; Voget 2001). Other big game hunted included elk, deer, antelope, mountain sheep, and bear. Buffalo, elk, and deer were all hunted by the surround and jump method (Frey 1987; Frison 1979).
Women processed most of the big game animals and fashioned certain domestic items, such as bowls, from box elder and spoons and cups from mountain sheep or buffalo horn (Voget 2001). Although meat was the primary focus of the Crow diet, horticultural items, like corn and squash were often traded from the Hidatsa (Frey 1987).
Spirituality played an integral part in the daily lives of the Crow with much of the praying, vision quests, and ceremonies oriented toward obtaining spiritual power. Among a number of spirits prevalent in the Crow belief system, the Sun, referred to as “father,” represented the most powerful spirit. The Crow never failed to make prayers and offerings to the Sun during ceremonies (Voget 2001).
Spiritual power, or medicine power, was essential to the success of the Crow. This power was embodied in the medicine bundle and could be attained by individuals through a variety of means. The most important of these included the Tobacco Planting ceremony, the Sun Dance, and the vision quest.
The Tobacco Planting Ceremony was said to have been introduced by No Vitals, a famous Crow leader at the time the tribe split from the Hidatsa. No Vitals was instructed to seek out the sacred tobacco plant at Devils Lake in eastern North Dakota. The plant had the power to help the Crow be successful in war; its worship was required to fulfill their destiny (Denig 1961 in Voget 2001).
Like many Plains tribes, the Crow practiced the Sun Dance. The Crow version of the Sun Dance appears to be a modified version of the Eastern Shoshone Hide Beating Dance (Voget 2001). The entire tribe participated in the dance to focus their combined medicine powers to achieve victory or revenge against their enemies. The dancers formed around an individual who had pledged himself to avenge some wrong. The pledger danced around a Sun Dance medicine bundle containing a manikin. Young men who had pierced themselves or who dragged buffalo skulls behind them, danced around the pledger, hoping to receive some of the medicine power. The ceremony concluded once the pledger witnessed that the manikin had turned black indicating that his revenge had been fulfilled (Voget 2001).
The vision quest played an important role, particularly among young men, in obtaining spiritual power. UW (2003:29-31) has summarized the vision quest process:
Vision quests were conducted individually, by young men, in an effort to obtain spiritual power. These were carried out in special places, such as Pompey’s Pillar along the Yellowstone River, or summit points in the Bighorn Mountains. Fasting, going without sleep, and bodily mutilation might be used to force potential spiritual donors to take pity upon the seeker. Guardian spirits were usually supernatural manifestations of animal species, but could also be other sorts of beings. Most common of these were Little People, the belief in which remains pervasive among the Crow (Frey 1987:68). Little People were a particularly powerful and practical donor; like leprechauns they could be both generous and mischievous. Upon obtaining such a power, one entered into a lifelong relationship with the donor, which entailed obligations as well as benefits. If instructed so to do, the recipient would display representations of the donor. This seemed to be common in the case of zoomorphic spirits, but not, for instance, Little People. The spiritual power derived in such cases was indeed a sort of “guardian spirit,” which helped one in warfare, hunting, and other dangerous activities. However, it was not a guarantor of success, and sometimes led to a sense of fatalism in combat.
The sweat lodge was a vital component of Crow prayers and ceremonies. It served as a form of spiritual preparation for the body and spirit before one could attain spiritual power through vision quests, the Sun Dance, or other rituals. The lodge itself was constructed of willow branches covered with animal hides. The steam inside the lodge was produced by pouring water over heated stones contained in a shallow pit (Voget 2001).
Within the Crow territory, Devils Tower (known to the Crow as Bear Lodge) was a location of particular importance. The Crows would go there to fast and pray, and some would create temporary shelters from stones collected along the base of the formation. Bear Lodge was an area contested by both the Sioux and the Crow, and some Crow recollect conflicts specifically over control of that area (Stone n.d.). Another area important to the Crow was Little Missouri Buttes, known to the Crow as “Two Buttes” (Stone n.d.).
UW (2001:27-29) provided a sufficiently comprehensive summary of the Crow social and political structure:
Crow society was organized into territorial bands and matrilineal clans, which were generally not territorial. Lewis Henry Morgan designated this type of kinship system “Crow,” although the Crow proper are less “pure” examples of the type than are the Hidatsa (Lowie 1912:207-12; Morgan 1881). Fred Eggan (1955) speculated that Crow kinship was moving from a pure matrilineal form to a transitional one characterized by an emphasis on generation. Such changes were a response to the changing conditions of life in the historic era, with greater emphasis on mobility and war honors. Nevertheless, traditional matrilineal clans remained very important in Crow society during the historic period. Fred Voget assembles a list of twenty-two such clans from all extant sources (Voget 2001:702). Such units were important for a variety of reasons. Each was exogamous, with marriage within the clan forbidden. Each produced chiefs. Most importantly, clans were the focus of an elaborate system of reciprocity that constituted the fabric of social life. A child was born into the mother’s clan, but remained a “child of” the father’s clan. This implied a lifelong relationship of reciprocity with those he called “father” (Lowie 1935:18-19). Typically “children” supported their “fathers” with food and material wealth, while “fathers” gave supernatural protection in the form of “medicine” (Voget 1987:207-16). This culminated in “giveaways,” which involved large scale transfers of property. This aspect of the matrilineal kinship system has remained intact among present-day Crow, despite the fading of taboos on intra-clan marriage and the replacement of Crow nomenclature with English cognatic kin terminology (Frey 1987:40-58).
Crow society was pervasively egalitarian, but with considerable room for individual achievement and recognition. Chiefs held great power and influence derived from their own abilities and attainment. Such office was never hereditary. Prestige derived from two separate but integrally connected sources: supernatural power and war honors. Supernatural power could be obtained in several ways, most usually through the vision quest—involving fasting, bathing, and isolation in a powerful site, generally on a mountain peak or unusual rock formation—or the Sun Dance. Bodily mutilation was sometimes practiced in both contexts. In general these were means of appearing pitiful to spiritual beings, who would then agree to aid the sufferer. These spiritual beings in effect took the role of clan fathers, who provided supernatural aid to their wards. In return, the recipient of power would undertake certain obligations for the guardian spirit. The other path for achievement, which was considered to be inextricably connected to spiritual power, was war honors or “coup.” The prototype means of “counting coup” was to touch a powerful enemy without harming him. However, a variety of achievements in war and other contexts requiring bravery could allow one to count coup. Commonly the theft of horses was such an avenue. Even peaceful pursuits, such as bison hunting, could result in coup if bravery was evident. Coup honors were especially important to adolescents and young men, who were entitled to marry after attaining their first honors. Additional honors allowed one to rise up the ranks, eventually to chief.
Chiefs were the juridico-political leaders of local bands. They were proclaimed by a council of elders, who based their decision, which should be arrived at by consensus, on war honors and vision experiences of the candidate. A chief should be a person of strong medicine, that is, someone who was well-protected by supernatural guardians. Thus, this sacred protection could be extended to the group as a whole. Chiefs determined when and where to move camp, and other collective actions. They maintained the peace, with the aid of the band “police,” composed of members of warrior societies. These warrior societies, eleven in number for the Crow as a whole in the early historic era, were made up of young men, eager to attain honors. They handled issues such as punishing poachers, protecting the camp from enemies, and defusing feuds among camp residents. However, certain matters, such as murder and the payment of blood money, were handled by clans. In general, consensus and group discussion, at least among men with honors, was the mechanism by which Crow politics functioned (Voget 2001:704-06).
In prehistoric times the Crow were sedentary, settled long the Missouri River and relying upon corn, beans, and squash. After the Crow separated from the Hidatsa, they moved west and transitioned to semi-nomadic bison hunting. This transition also involved a change in living accommodations from earth lodges to tipis (Frey 1987). After their transition to bison hunting, the Crow abandoned their use of ceramic house goods and began using bowls carved from box elder, and spoons, cups and other wares made from animal horn (Voget 2001). Supplementing their primary food—bison—the Crow also hunted elk, deer, antelope, bear, and mountain sheep. A number of bison jump sites have been documented in northern Wyoming (Frey 1987; Frison 1979). Although the Crow relied heavily upon meat, their diet also included roots and berries, as well as horticultural products obtained through trade with the Hidatsa (Frey 1987).
Crow lodges were typically tipis based on a four-pole structure covered with 15 to 20 buffalo hides. The tipi could typically hold eight to sixteen people. The entrance to the tipi faced east to allow the medicine bundle holder to pray to the Sun immediately upon exiting in the morning (Voget 2001).
Like other Plains tribes, the Crow made use of bags made from stretched rawhide which they either incised or painted in intricate patterns. Decorative patterns that appear to be preferred by the Crow include well-formed straight lines and vertically bisected diamonds shapes. These patterns are similar to those created by the Shoshone (Lowie 1954).
The Crow were well situated in a transitional region between the Northern Plains and the Columbia Plateau culture areas for trade with both their eastern and western neighbors. Common trade goods included catlinite pipes, bows, shells, foodstuffs, and, in the historic era, horses and Euro-American goods (Teit 1930:113-14). As UW (2003:27) describes:
With the advent of the horse, which the Crow obtained from the Eastern Shoshone or their Comanche relatives, the Crow role in trade (as well as horse stealing) became more prominent. They played a central role in the fur trade, and acted as middlemen in bringing Euro-American goods into the northern Rocky Mountains from the outposts on the Missouri (Voget 2001:696-97). The Crow were innovative in their adaptation to the horse, as seen, for instance, in the distinctive Crow saddle designs of the historic era.
The Crow likely separated from the Hidatsa and moved onto the Plains in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, but it was likely that they did not make regular use of northeastern Wyoming until the eighteenth century with the withdrawal of other tribes. The Crow use of horses for hunting and transportation allowed them to cover broad distances and until the mid- nineteenth century, the Crow appear to have made ample use of the region. Since their removal to the Crow Reservation in southeastern Montana in the mid-1860s, specific knowledge of the area is being lost. A handful of places of significance in the Powder River Basin have been documented by Timothy McCleary of UW (2003) through ethnographic interviews. Some documented stories make specific reference to geographic locations within the northeastern Wyoming, such as Bear Lodge (Devils Tower) and Two Buttes (Lower Missouri Buttes (Stone n.d.). See Figure 8 for historic territories occupied by the Crow; note that these may not include all areas used by them. | <urn:uuid:bcd3bd9f-60a0-49ce-a0ea-228b728c6bdb> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 17,154 |
Albany application to BFI - 1974/5
Date: 1st January 1970
Application to British Film Institute for funding for a Community Video project at the Albany - 3pp
Thank you for your comment. Your comment will be read by one of our team before being posted onto the site. | <urn:uuid:32d91705-8ed0-4f04-8835-2c177a7e6afd> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 265 |
How much does an air ambulance flight cost?
The cost range of transport for a Business class travel can range from 9000 USD to 15000 USD and will depend on the distance of travel. The cost range of transport of a Commercial flight stretcher can range from 20000 USD to 25000 USD. Charter Medical Air Ambulance flights can cost 30000 USD – 200000 USD.
How much does it cost to send an air ambulance out UK?
As the air ambulance costs £1,700 per incident and each ambulance costs £255 per incident, this one hoax call cost £2,465. Yesterday, Monday 10 April, EMAS received a further three hoax calls from children.
Does the government pay for air ambulance?
We are a service funded by the people of London for the people of London, and community spirit is right at the heart of everything we do. I would like to take this opportunity to say a massive thank you to our supporters as we couldn’t help critically injured people in London without you.”
How much does a medical helicopter flight cost?
Nowadays, the cost for an ambulance ride can range from less than $400 to $800 or more, plus mileage. Ambulance companies don’t typically have contracts with insurers. Those with Medicare are covered for ground ambulance transportation and may pay for emergency ambulance transportation in a helicopter.
How much does it cost to get airlifted?
NSW residents will be charged a call-out fee of $401 for an emergency ambulance, plus an additional charge of $3.62 per kilometre (from the ambulance station to your pick-up address, to the destination and back to the ambulance station), regardless of whether you require transport by road or air.
Can you be charged for an ambulance UK?
Emergency care including ambulance and emergency department treatment is only free to UK residents and a charge may be made to those not entitled to free NHS care.
Is air ambulance part of NHS?
Air ambulance charity mission journey
The lifesaving missions of air ambulance charities are tasked by each individual charity’s geographic NHS Trust, as part of a coordinated response to a 999 emergency call.
How much does a London air ambulance cost?
It costs approximately £9 million (consolidated costs) to provide London with an advanced trauma care service 24 hour a day, 7 days a week. | <urn:uuid:48781e18-c48c-4787-8d0a-d9a14cc9f433> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,263 |
Commercial speech has become one of the most litigated and controversial areas of First Amendment protection. Yet the question of protecting such speech should not be in doubt. Controversy comes from a failure to recognize how commercial speech furthers the values implicit in the First Amendment’s guarantee of free expression. To show how commercial speech advances free speech values, I adopt a “perspectives framework” for First Amendment theory. First Amendment values are appropriately viewed from four different perspectives: the speaker perspective, the listener perspective, the regulator perspective, and the rationalist perspective. Subsequently I will show how protecting commercial speech advances freedom of speech from each perspective; in contrast, rejecting or reducing constitutional protection for commercial speech contravenes the reasons each perspective values free speech.
Over the last 40 years, the Supreme Court has extended an ever‐increasing level of First Amendment protection to commercial speech. Indeed, it is difficult to find a Supreme Court decision upholding governmental suppression of truthful commercial speech in the last 25 years. 1 Yet the Court has continued to provide less protection for commercial speech than is given to traditionally protected categories such as political or artistic expression. Moreover, the scholarly community has, with only rare exception, been either grudging or downright hostile to extending constitutional protection to commercial advertising. Most, although not all, scholars believe that protecting commercial speech trivializes what the First Amendment is truly about, 2 reintroduces the threat to the smooth functioning of the regulatory system first presented by the specious and harmful pre–New Deal doctrine of economic substantive due process, 3 and risks diluting the strong protection traditionally given to more valuable areas of expression. 4
Commercial speech has become one of the most litigated and controversial areas of First Amendment protection. The controversy arises from fundamental misunderstandings of the ways in which commercial speech furthers the values of the First Amendment’s guarantee of free expression.
To understand the nature of the debate, it is necessary to understand how the Supreme Court has chosen to define the concept of commercial speech. The phrase does not include all expression concerning the relative merits of commercial products or services. Rather, the Court has confined the concept to speech that does no more than propose a commercial transaction. 5 Thus, speech either opposing a commercial purchase or neutrally describing the qualities of a commercial product or service receives full First Amendment protection, 6 while speech that directly promotes a purchase receives a reduced level of protection. 7
Reducing or excluding First Amendment protection for commercial advertising contravenes core constitutional values of free expression. I intend to establish this conclusion by means of what I believe to be a fresh conceptual approach to understanding those values: what I call the “perspective” framework. By this I mean that I view the purposes served by free expression from four different focuses — the speaker‐centric model, the listener‐centric model, the regulatory‐centric model, and the rationalist‐centric model. Each of these models provides both a formal and intuitive normative basis for the constitutional guarantee of free expression. The conclusion I reach on the basis of the application of these four sufficient, but not necessary, perspectives is that commercial speech protection serves foundational goals and premises of our democratic system. Correspondingly, rejection of or reduction in the constitutional protection of commercial speech seriously threatens achievement of those goals.
The Evolution of Commercial Speech Protection
Prior to its watershed 1976 decision in Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., the Supreme Court had given short shrift to commercial speech. 8 In only one decision, Valentine v. Chrestensen, had the Court devoted anything approaching serious attention to the issue of First Amendment protection for commercial speech, and even there the analysis was, at best, cursory. 9 While the Court acknowledged that the First Amendment protected distributing noncommercial handbills, it summarily denied such protection to distributing commercial handbills. The Court reasoned that commercial advertising was merely ancillary to the proper performance of a business and could therefore be legislatively regulated in the public interest, much like all other business activities. Valentine was decided in 1942 — the height of the New Deal period. The New Deal Supreme Court viewed one of its most important goals to be the dismantling of the conservative Court’s economic substantive due process regime associated primarily with Lochner v. New York. 10 It is therefore perhaps not surprising that the New Deal Court would tend to associate any constitutional protection of commercial activities with what it deemed to be the pathological and misguided framework derived from Lochner. In doing so, however, the Court appeared oblivious to the significant difference between Lochner‐like property rights protection on the one hand and protection of commercial speech on the other hand. While Lochner and its progeny protected the commercial conduct of selling products and paying workers, Valentine involved speech by a commercial enterprise, informing its readers and listeners of truthful, and arguably valuable, information in much the same way that political expression seeks to inform and influence its recipients.
The situation remained this way, with only minor change, until the Court’s decision in Virginia Board. There the Court invalidated the state’s prohibition on prescription drug advertising as a First Amendment violation. “Advertising, however tasteless and excessive it sometimes may seem,” the Court wrote, “is nonetheless dissemination of information as to who is producing and selling what product, for what reason, and at what price.” 11 But while the decision was in many ways a constitutional breakthrough, subsequent decisions quickly made it clear that the Court was providing “commercial speech a limited measure of protection, commensurate with its subordinate position in the scale of First Amendment values.” 12
In its 1980 Central Hudson decision, the Court established a four‐pronged test to determine whether commercial speech regulation violates the First Amendment, a test that for approximately the next 12 years shielded commercial speech far less than other protected expression. 13 There can be no doubt that the Central Hudson test as applied today provides dramatically greater protection than it did in its early years. 14
Yet the protection given to commercial speech remains below the “compelling interest” standard that protects such categories as political and artistic expression, and equally noteworthy, leading free speech scholars doubt or deny the case for protecting commercial speech. 15 Such skepticism is both unfortunate and unjustified. Commercial speech fosters important First Amendment values that are improperly ignored or dismissed by those who wish to give commercial speech second‐class First Amendment protection. A detailed exploration of the Supreme Court’s definition of commercial speech shows such skepticism is wholly unwarranted.
Defining Commercial Speech
We need to understand the Court’s definition of commercial speech to understand its differences from protected expression. While the Supreme Court has on different occasions employed varying, sometimes inconsistent definitions, for the most part it has defined commercial speech as speech that does “‘no more than propose a commercial transaction.’” 16 This definition has a significant drawback. The distinction between promotional and nonpromotional commercial speech suggests both the Court and the scholarly community are discriminating against profit‐motivated expression. Yet in no other area of free speech jurisprudence has it ever been held that the First Amendment discriminates against speech that is motivated by self‐interest, either financial or otherwise. Individuals who advocate for a reduction in their taxes will often be acting out of financial self‐interest, yet no one would seriously challenge full First Amendment protection for their advocacy. Indeed, the speech of every candidate for political office could easily be seen as inherently self‐promotional.
More ominous is the dangerous viewpoint discrimination that inheres in the prevailing definition. A speaker opposing a commercial transaction presumably possesses a full First Amendment right to speak. For example, Ralph Nader has full constitutional protection for his criticism of the safety of the Chevrolet Corvair; however, if General Motors sought to defend the safety of its product, it receives only the reduced protection given to commercial speech. 17 When the press criticizes Nike for using sweatshop labor in its foreign plants, its expression receives full First Amendment protection. Yet when Nike seeks to defend its practices, its arguments merit only the lesser protection afforded commercial speech because the ultimate purpose and effect of the speech is to promote product sale. It is hard to view such a distinction as anything more than a categorical attack on capitalistic expression — hardly an acceptable basis for stratifying First Amendment protection. Such a dichotomy in constitutional protection is inherently pathological. As I have previously written, “[v]iewpoint based regulations are, by definition, grounded not in a principled effort to interpret and apply the structural values underlying the free speech protection but rather in a subjective assessment of moral and/or sociopolitical considerations that are external to the First Amendment. Those considerations necessarily grow out of normative concerns that exist wholly external to the First Amendment.” 18 As Justice Scalia reasoned, in a world of viewpoint regulation, one side of the debate is forced to fight according to Marquess of Queensbury Rules, while the other side may hit below the belt. 19
It is likely for this reason that in Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc. 20 the Supreme Court subjected discrimination against commercial speech to strict scrutiny. 21 The state statute in question discriminated among speakers, favoring nonmanufacturer expression concerning prescription drugs over speech by manufacturers. But the Court overlooked an implication of its analysis: if discriminatory regulation of expression is constitutionally suspect, then discriminatory protection must logically be deemed equally questionable. Yet that is exactly what the Court’s own approach to First Amendment protection to commercial speech achieves. For while the level of constitutional protection extended to commercial speech has grown dramatically in recent years, it would be inaccurate to suggest that it has reached the level of full protection.
Commercial Speech and the Theory of Free Expression
Let’s begin our case for protecting commercial speech by setting out a theoretical baseline, a foundation of normative precepts without which the protection of expression would be rendered either trivial or meaningless. These precepts postulate that a commitment to free expression both reflects and implements a belief in the ability of adult individuals to judge for themselves the wisdom or persuasiveness of competing viewpoints. A commitment to free expression presupposes an equally strong commitment to a principle of democratic self‐rule, for neither free expression nor democracy would be of significant meaning or value absent the other. Both precepts are grounded in a normative commitment to the dignity of the individual citizens who, acting within the bounds of democratic government, contribute to the shaping and achievement of the goals they have set for themselves and for democratic society more generally.
Linking free expression and democratic government might seem a strange way to justify full First Amendment protection for commercial speech. One could argue that the matter of speech by “a seller hawking his wares” lies far from the heart of the democratic process. 22 It is thus not surprising that years before Virginia Board, a leading First Amendment scholar summarily concluded that “[c]ommunications in connection with commercial transactions generally relate to a separate sector of social activity involving the system of property rights rather than free expression.” 23 The opposite is true. Commercial speech substantially engages citizens on matters of public concern and debate (for example, issues surrounding governmental regulation of such high‐risk industries as drug manufacturing), and correspondingly, governmental suppression of commercial speech undermines such progress in much the same way that suppressing traditionally protected categories of expression does. Why? Commercial speech, much like speech directly concerning collective self‐government, reflects a belief in individuals’ ability to govern their lives and their right to seek to influence others, who, in turn, have the ability and right to make choices for their own lives.
My conclusions are best understood and defended by fashioning and explaining what I call the “perspective framework” approach to the theory of free expression. This framework significantly departs from traditional approaches to First Amendment theory. Generally First Amendment scholars use a functionalist categorization methodology. For example, some scholars may draw sharp lines between speech tied directly to the political process and to other subjects of expression. 24 Other scholars focus instead on expression that furthers individual liberty or self‐realization. 25 Still others see free expression as fostering a variety of pragmatic goals. 26
To be sure, my framework subsumes at least some of the factors included in the more traditional functionalist categorization approach. The functionalist categorization approach begs a central question: to posit the special position of political speech assumes away the very issue subject to debate — namely, whether political speech is, in fact, special. My perspective framework does not assume the answer to that disputed question. Rather, it posits four significant perspectives to inform the issue of whether commercial speech merits as much protection as noncommercial expression. This perspective framework compels the conclusion that commercial speech merits full First Amendment protection.
The Perspective Framework
My perspective framework comprises the speaker‐centric perspective, the listener‐centric perspective, the regulatory‐centric perspective, and the rationalist‐centric perspective. The speaker‐centric perspective focuses on how freedom of expression fosters the democratic needs and interests of the speaker. In contrast, the listener‐centric perspective considers the liberal democratic values fostered for the recipient of the expression. The two are by no means necessarily the same. An expression that has no value to a recipient could still have value to a speaker — for example, writing in a private diary. In contrast, speech without value to a speaker might benefit a recipient in ways that further recognized values of free expression. For example, when a corporation disseminates communication, the developmental benefits traditionally associated with free speech are remote at best. But the recipient of that corporate expression can benefit substantially from the educational, informative, or thought‐provoking impact of that corporate communication. However, when viewed as an organic whole, the two perspectives reflect the First Amendment’s commitment to individual development, growth, and self‐government. These benefits can derive equally from individuals’ participation in collective self‐government and the individuals’ control of their personal affairs — what I have long referred to as “private self‐government.” 27 In a pragmatic manner, speech simultaneously enables speakers to achieve their goals by persuading others, and speech enables listeners to reach collective or personal choices by absorbing information and opinion.
The regulatory‐centric and rationalist‐centric perspectives add an entirely different analytical framework. The speaker‐centric and listener‐centric perspectives focus on the direct impact on the specific participants. The regulatory‐centric and rationalist‐centric perspectives consider broader, more systemically pervasive values and concerns. The regulatory‐centric perspective posits that government may not do some things and still remain a liberal democracy. Some regulations of expression may undermine the democratic system by manipulatively skewing public debate. Others will do so by imposing a paternalism that contravenes the liberal democratic social contract between government and citizen. Both sorts of regulations must be invalidated to preserve liberal democracy.
The regulatory‐centric perspective reflects what I have referred to as optimistic skepticism — a somewhat paradoxical belief in both the possibilities of human flourishing and, simultaneously, the dangers of the dark side of the human personality. 28 Humans can develop their intellectual and moral faculties by participating in the control of their lives. 29 This perspective also simultaneously recognizes the never‐ending danger of tyranny that would crudely and inevitably disrupt the benefits of a liberal democratic system.
This paradoxical belief led the Constitution’s Framers to diffuse political power to deter the creation of tyranny. 30 They divided power both laterally, within the three branches of the federal government, and vertically, between the federal and state governments, to deter or disrupt its concentration in the hands of one individual, group, or faction.
The regulatory‐centric perspective is essential to the First Amendment’s guarantee of free expression. Tyranny is likely to begin once those in power suppress views counter to their own. Thus, the Supreme Court has looked for red flags when expression is restricted. For example, the First Amendment categorically prohibits suppressing speech because a viewpoint is offensive.
The rationalist‐centric perspective, in contrast, is best seen as a means to deter or prevent such regulatory‐centric pathologies of government. This perspective provides a check on the rationales for offering different levels of First Amendment protection to various expressive categories. In a sense, the rationalist‐centric perspective can be seen as a type of policeman, designed to ensure that the differences between levels of protection are neither under‐nor overinclusive, and are not merely guises for regulatory hostility to the ideology or viewpoint of the suppressed expression.
The same logic applies to selective protection of expression. If a court chooses to extend First Amendment protection to picketing on the part of socialists, it cannot deny the same to anti‐socialist demonstrators absent some nonideological, principled basis for the distinction. Finally, the regulatory‐centric model prohibits government from imposing restrictions on the expression of truthful information or advocacy to adult recipients for fear that those recipients might make the “wrong” decision — at least when that ensuing decision is lawful. 31 Such paternalistic motivations are inherently inconsistent with the notion of free citizens, who are worthy of dignity and respect.
For these reasons the Supreme Court has said that underinclusive regulation of expression violates the First Amendment. 32 Government cannot, for example, suppress burning of the American flag in order to prevent fires when burning the flag of any other nation gives rise to the very same danger. Such nonideological rationales for suppression thus mask what is in reality an ideologically‐driven selectivity that is anathema to the foundations of free expression in a democratic society. The rationalist‐centric perspective enables a reviewing court to free constitutional analysis from ideologically driven disingenuousness and manipulation.
I will now apply the four perspectives to consider whether commercial speech should receive either less constitutional protection than more traditionally protected categories, or no protection at all.
The Speaker‐Centric Perspective and Commercial Speech
Many observers believe commercial speech should be denied the protections accorded other expression because the speaker derives none of the benefits the First Amendment is designed to protect. Even if this were true, it would not necessarily follow that protection for commercial speech should be reduced or denied. Protecting commercial speech serves numerous other values apart from those of the speaker. We should see the various perspectives discussed here not as necessary, but as sufficient, conditions to trigger constitutional protection. Thus, even if expression does not advance the values underlying the speaker‐centric perspective, it still deserves full protection if, for example, it fosters the values advanced by either the listener‐centric or regulatory‐centric perspectives. Indeed, one of the leading free speech scholars of all time, Alexander Meiklejohn, grounded First Amendment right of free expression normatively in the listener’s interest in receiving information and opinion so as to participate in self‐government. 33 The Supreme Court has often echoed Meiklejohn’s thinking. 34 Although perhaps unduly limited, this argument shows that even in the absence of First Amendment value to the speaker, expression may often serve valuable First Amendment interests. If any of the values underlying the First Amendment are threatened or undermined by governmental suppression of expression, the First Amendment will have been violated. That said, commercial speech does foster speaker‐centric values.
Scholars have suggested two reasons why commercial speech fails to advance speaker‐centric values. Initially, C. Edwin Baker long ago suggested that the underlying value of free speech protection is the exercise of liberty, and that when corporations speak they are not exercising their free will to speak because corporations are nothing more than robotic profit‐maximizers. 35 Assuming for the moment the accuracy of Baker’s unduly truncated version of the First Amendment’s purpose, 36 he fails to understand the catalytic role that the corporate form plays in fostering individual self‐realization. 37 Corporations are instruments created by the law so that citizens may achieve their personal economic or social goals. Indeed, the modern corporation finds its roots in Jacksonian democracy, as a device designed, through its limitation of liability, to enable the common person to combat New England industrialists and Southern landed gentry. 38 Thus, to divorce the corporate form from its roots in democratic theory incorrectly ignores the theoretical link between the corporation and the liberal democratic values fostered by the First Amendment’s guarantee of free expression.
Robert Post articulated the second reason why commercial speech supposedly fails to advance the First Amendment speaker‐centric value. 39 Post presumes that the First Amendment seeks to “safeguard public discourse from regulations that are inconsistent with democratic legitimacy.” 40 He therefore reasons that to deserve the highest level of protection, under his participatory theory, the purpose of the expression must be to contribute to public discourse. Post summarily assumes that with commercial advertising, the expression’s purpose is not to contribute to public discourse or communicative interchange, but rather to advance the economic interest of the speaker. 41 The commercial advertiser, according to Post, neither seeks nor derives the sort of public benefits that legitimize freedom of speech.
There is much that is troubling about Post’s analysis. He is unable or unwilling to recognize the potentially complex, multilayered motivations of most expression. Speakers usually do not speak solely to contribute to public discourse or solely for purposes of narrow personal economic gain. For example, lobbyists working on behalf of labor unions seeking to engender political support for higher tariffs or the repeal of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) may, on one level, truly believe in the political merits and morality of their position. Yet simultaneously their expression is undoubtedly influenced by economic motivation, both personally and on behalf of their clients. In this instance, presumably Post would focus exclusively on the effort to contribute to public discourse. In contrast, in the case of commercial advertisers — who also may well have mixed motivations for their expression — Post assumes exclusively a personal economic motivation and therefore rejects any protection founded on speaker‐centric values.
In any event, Post’s use of commercial advertising as an unwavering surrogate for economic motivation forces us to draw technical, formalistic distinctions that effectively render his entire conceptual framework incoherent. Consider the following example: a beekeeper firmly believes — contrary to accepted scientific thought — that bee pollen possesses scientifically provable health benefits. He wishes to publish an op‐ed article that asserts such benefits and mentions his own product. Regulatory authorities, believing that the beekeeper’s assertion is scientifically incorrect, or at the very least, unproven, seek to suppress publication. Post would likely characterize such expression as a contribution to public discourse and therefore fully protected by the First Amendment, regardless of its accuracy. This is so, even though the beekeeper obviously possesses a strong economic interest in listeners accepting his viewpoint. Yet if, instead of writing an op‐ed article, the beekeeper takes out an advertisement making the exact same claim about the product, Post would presumably deem the advertisement not a contribution to public discourse but rather pure commercial speech. To thus distinguish the two expressions represents the height of mindless formalism.
It makes no difference whether you agree with me that commercial speech fully serves the speaker‐centric perspective of First Amendment analysis. One can reject that claim and still conclude that commercial speech unambiguously serves the interests fostered by the listener‐centric perspective of First Amendment analysis, as I will show in the next section.
The Listener‐Centric Perspective and Commercial Speech
Alexander Meiklejohn argued that the First Amendment served democracy by fostering self‐governance by citizens. 42 By receiving information and opinion, he reasoned, citizens become better “governors.” Meiklejohn went too far in denying any First Amendment value to the speaker. However, he was surely correct to recognize the important First Amendment value of expression to listeners. Individuals’ faculties may be developed just as much by receiving expression as by expressing themselves.
Meiklejohn believed that his theory logically implied that only speech relevant to the political process deserved First Amendment protection (though he defined that concept broadly). 43 But his theory implies the opposite. Just as individuals needs free and open communication of information and opinion to participate in the collective self‐governing process, so, too, do they require a similar uninhibited flow of information and opinion to govern themselves. Indeed, it is illogical to value expression that facilitates collective self‐governance (where listeners have limited say in how they are governed), while simultaneously denying protection to expression that aids in the private self‐governing (where an individual possesses 100 percent of the decisionmaking power). Commercial speech assists private self‐governance. Advertising provides information and opinion, assisting individuals in making life‐affecting choices that impact their lives and those of their families.
Listeners derive value from receiving information and opinion on commercial products and services when that information and opinion comes in some form other than commercial advertising. For example, Consumer Reports Magazine’s comments on commercial products and services receives full First Amendment protection. 44 Similarly, press reports on manufacturers and the relative merits of their products are presumably fully protected by the First Amendment. The benefit to the reader or listener in making private choices justifies such protection. Yet those who would deny or reduce protection for commercial advertising overlook such benefits when they arise from advertising.
It is true, of course, that advertising is by no means objective. The speaker clearly has an economic interest in persuading listeners. Advertising is generally a form of advocacy, not purely the description of objective fact. But it does not follow that the information provided by an advocate has no value to the listener or reader. Speakers who contribute to political debate usually have their own personal, economic, or ideological agendas behind their expression. Their expression, like commercial advertising, is advocacy, not objective fact. Moreover, much like commercial advertising, political advertising may be more persuasion than pure information. Commercial speech functions much like political speech. Scholars and jurists should recognize that such speech deserves full First Amendment protection.
The Regulatory‐Centric Perspective and Commercial Speech
One conceivable justification for downgrading First Amendment protection for commercial speech is that there is no reason to fear the possibility of improper or ideologically driven motivation for the regulation or suppression of commercial speech. The same is, of course, untrue of suppression of political speech. Continuing this line of argument, we might say that the regulation of commercial speech poses no threats to democratic values. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Even if commercial speech were never improperly suppressed, there may still be reason to have the courts act as a watchdog. Overzealous regulation that fails to demonstrate proper reverence for First Amendment values gives rise to legitimate concern. It is, after all, the judiciary that has primary responsibility for protecting and enforcing counter‐majoritarian constitutional guarantees. This is particularly true of regulatory agencies, whose very reason for existence is to regulate and for whom the First Amendment is little more than an obstacle to attaining their goals. But the basis for concern extends far beyond this consideration.
There are at least three ways in which regulation of commercial speech could conceivably threaten the core values of the regulatory‐centric perspective. First, as the public‐choice literature teaches us, government is often vulnerable to capture by powerful economic interests. 45 It is certainly conceivable that a business could seek to have government suppress the advertising of its competitor. Second, government could choose to draw a regulatory distinction between commercial and noncommercial expression because of anti‐capitalistic prejudice or hostility. Indeed, it was just such a suspicion that led the Supreme Court in Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc. to impose strict scrutiny on a state’s selective suppression of commercial but not noncommercial speech. 46 Finally, government could regulate truthful commercial speech out of fear that listeners either are incapable of comprehending the complexities of the information conveyed or will make unwise — even if perfectly lawful — decisions on the basis of it. In his 1996 opinion announcing the judgment of the Court in 44 Liquormart v. Rhode Island, 47 Justice Stevens explained how such governmental paternalism is pathological: “[B]ans against truthful, nonmisleading commercial speech…usually rest solely on the offensive assumption that the public will respond ‘irrationally’ to the truth. The First Amendment directs us to be especially skeptical of regulations that seek to keep people in the dark for what the government perceives to be their own good. That teaching applies equally to state attempts to deprive consumers of accurate information about their chosen products.” 48 All of these concerns involve the regulatory‐centric perspective.
The Rationalist‐Centric Perspective and Commercial Speech
Our constitutional system and the dictates of the rule of law demand that the courts interpret and apply the law in a rational manner. Distinctions drawn by the political branches and the courts must be grounded in precepts of rationality. Otherwise, asserted distinctions are nothing more than cynical disguises designed to obscure assertions of naked power and suppression. This is especially true of both judicial and governmental discriminations that impact expression. The regulatory‐centric perspective tells us why this is such a concern.
Throughout this policy paper, we have seen a number of puzzlingly and troublingly irrational distinctions in the arguments opposing significant protection for commercial speech. On the one hand, some people suggest that commercial speech does not deserve protection because it does not concern the political process, yet at the same time they have no trouble protecting Consumer Reports Magazine, which focuses on the very same commercial products and services that are the subject of commercial speech. Others distinguish commercial speech because of the economic self‐interest of the speaker, while at the same time wanting to fully protect the free speech rights of self‐interested political actors. Still others would distinguish commercial speakers because of their corporate status, while having no problem protecting the First Amendment rights of media corporations. 49 It is difficult to understand how such irrational distinctions could be drawn absent some degree of underlying ideological hostility — conscious or subconscious — toward commercial advertising. The rationalist‐centric perspective alerts us to the existence and dangers of such logically dubious distinctions and thereby enables us to invoke protections inherent in the regulatory‐centric perspective.
The Problem of False Commercial Speech
Up to this point, my analysis has focused on the regulation of what is assumed to be truthful commercial speech. How would my approach would deal with the problem of false commercial speech?
Under long‐established doctrine, false or misleading commercial speech is automatically excluded from First Amendment protection. Even as protection for truthful commercial speech has dramatically expanded, the categorical exclusion of false commercial speech has remained firm. One could conceivably conclude, purely as a theoretical matter, that truthful commercial speech is deserving of full First Amendment protection, while false or misleading commercial is not. The fact that false speech is denied protection logically says nothing about whether comparable truthful speech should be protected. But the issue of protection for false commercial speech is far more complex than court or commentators have to this point recognized.
False speech that is assumed by the listener to be truthful is never of societal value. The Court has chosen to protect certain forms of false speech about matters of public concern, not because of the inherent value of such expression, but because of the incidentally harmful impact of this form of regulation on truthful expression. In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, the Court protected all but knowingly or recklessly false defamatory speech about public officials, because of the chill on truthful commentary arising from fear that the speech would later be deemed to be false. 50 The goal, then, was to avoid a chill on truthful speech by protecting false speech.
It has been argued that the danger of such a chill is nonexistent in the context of commercial speech, due to the speaker’s profit incentive to communicate about its products. But surely many noncommercial speakers have similar self‐interested motivations for their speech, yet they are uniformly protected to avoid chilling speech. In any event, there is no reason to assume that the existence of a profit incentive prevents chilling speech. Commercial enterprises will often be risk‐averse about possible negative legal consequences of their actions in their commercial decisionmaking, and this applies to their advertising choices as well as to other economic decisions.
It does not follow that all false advertising should receive First Amendment protection. Knowingly false statements about commercial products amount to fraud, and there is no reason to believe that the First Amendment protects such activity. It follows only that false commercial speech receive the same protection as false and defamatory political speech: such expression is not to be protected when, and only when, it is determined to have been uttered with knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard of the statement’s truth.
The Dilution Danger
Some worry that if commercial speech receives a level of First Amendment protection comparable to that given to traditionally protected categories of expression, the result will not be the expansion of the reach of First Amendment protection, but rather a dramatic pull‐back of protection in those traditionally protected areas. Those who express this concern reason in the following manner: Whatever degree of protection is purportedly extended to commercial speech, under no circumstances will the courts protect many types of harmful expression that fall within this category. The danger of harm is simply too great. Therefore, if we demand at the outset that commercial speech receive the exact same level of protection as traditionally protected expression does, then the inevitable result will be a reduction in the degree of protection extended to those traditional categories.
There are two responses to this concern. First, the argument begs the very question that is the subject of debate — namely, whether commercial speech and traditionally protected categories of expression should be deemed to be of equivalent First Amendment value. If the answer is yes, then there is no basis for drawing the distinction in the first place. For example, if a manufacturer is prohibited from advertising the benefits of a product found by the government to be harmful, it is unclear why journalists or scholars should have any greater right to communicate the very same harmful information and opinion. Second, the real danger is not of dilution of traditional protection, but rather of what can be called reverse dilution. Once it is accepted that government may paternalistically suppress the general dissemination of truthful information about commercial products and services on the grounds that the public will not be able to make the “right” decision from that information, we will have irretrievably contravened the values of the regulatory‐centric framework. People are either sheep, or they are not: if they cannot be trusted to make the “correct” commercial purchasing decision on the basis of free and open debate, how can they logically be trusted to make political choices on the basis of such debate? Once it is established that government can selectively suppress information and opinion because the citizens are effectively children, the result will be a real threat to the foundations of the liberal democratic social contract between government and citizen. Hence it is simply wrong to put commercial speech and noncommercial speech into hermetically sealed expressive categories. Excluding commercial speech from the First Amendment’s protection will have negative consequences for the foundations of free expression and our democratic system.
Commercial speech has come a long way since the days before Virginia Board in 1976. Before that decision, due either to the absence of careful thought or disguised ideological hostility, both the Supreme Court and constitutional scholars gave short shrift to First Amendment protection to commercial speech. This was so, even though both court and scholars took for granted that other forms of expression about the relative merits of commercial products or services should receive full First Amendment protection.
Yet in no other area of First Amendment jurisprudence are speakers’ constitutional protections reduced because of their self‐interest, economic or otherwise. It is widely assumed that our democratic system is designed to protect the rights of citizens to advance their personal or economic interests by seeking to persuade others to accept their arguments. There exists no rational basis on which to categorically set commercial speakers apart, other than the ideologically driven desire to penalize those who benefit from the capitalistic system. Such justification is pathologically inconsistent with the very foundations of the First Amendment the argument purports to implement.
Fortunately, the trend in the Court has been to extend commercial speech protection to the point that it is rapidly approaching a level of constitutional insulation similar, if not yet identical, to that given more traditionally protected categories of speech. The perspective framework I have fashioned in this policy analysis clearly demonstrates the important constitutional values served by commercial speech. It is time for the Court to expressly acknowledge that commercial speech properly stands on an equal footing with all other kinds of expression given full protection by the First Amendment.
- See, for example, Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525 (2001); Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Ass’n, Inc. v. United States, 527 U.S. 173 (1999); 44 Liquormart v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996).
- See Vincent Blasi, “The Pathological Perspective and the First Amendment,” Columbia Law Review 85 (1985): 449.
- Thomas H. Jackson and John Calvin Jeffries, “Commercial Speech: Economic Due Process and the First Amendment,” Virginia Law Review 65 (1979): 1. Cf. R. George Wright, Selling Words: Free Speech and Commercial Culture (New York: NYU Press, 1997).
- Ibid.; see discussion on page 15.
- See Virginia St. Bd. of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 425 U.S. 748, 762 (1976); Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp., 447 U.S. 557, 561 (1980).
- Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of U.S., 466 U.S. 485 (1984).
- Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996).
- U.S. 748 (1976).
- U.S. 52 (1942).
- U.S. 45 (1905).
- U.S. at 764.
- Ohralik v. Ohio St. Bar Ass’n, 436 U.S. 447, 456 (1978).
- Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Pub. Service Commission, 447 U.S. 557 (1980).
- For a detailed discussion of that doctrinal evolution, see Martin H. Redish, Money Talks: Speech, Economic Power, and the Values of Democracy (New York: NYU Press, 2000), pp. 14–62.
- Included on this list are, among others, such leading First Amendment scholars as Robert Post, Fred Schauer, Steven Shiffrin, and the late Ed Baker.
- Virginia St. Bd. of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, 425 U.S. 748, 762 (1976), quoting Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Human Rights Comm’n, 413 U.S. 378, 385 (1973).
- See Ralph Nader, Unsafe at Any Speed (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1965).
- Martin H. Redish, The Adversary First Amendment: Free Expression and the Foundations of American Democracy (Stanford: Stanford Law Books, 2013), p. 106.
- R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 504 U.S. 377, 392 (1992) (plurality opinion).
- S. Ct. 2653 (2013).
- Id. at 2663–65.
- Thomas H. Jackson and John Calvin Jeffries, Jr., “Commercial Speech: Economic Due Process and the First Amendment,” Virginia Law Review 65 (1979): 1.
- Thomas Emerson, Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment (New York: Random House, 1966), p.105n46 (1966).
- Alexander Meiklejohn, Political Freedom (New York: Harper, 1960); and Robert H. Bork, “Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems,” Indiana Law Journal 47 (1971):1.
- Martin H. Redish, “The Value of Free Speech,” Pennsylvania Law Review 130 (1982): 591.
- Steven H. Shiffrin, “The First Amendment and Economic Regulation: Away from a General Theory of the First Amendment,” Northwestern University Law Review 78 (1984): 1212.
- Martin H. Redish, “The First Amendment in the Marketplace: Commercial Speech and the Values of Free Expression,” George Washington Law Review 39 (1971):429.
- Martin H. Redish, “Fear, Loathing, and the First Amendment: Optimistic Skepticism and the Theory of Free Expression,” Ohio State Law Journal 76 (2015): 691.
- Redish, “The Value of Free Speech.”
- See Martin H. Redish, The Constitution as Political Structure (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 99–134.
- When the speech advocates criminal behavior, different considerations may apply. See Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969). However, those considerations are beyond the scope of this policy analysis.
- R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, 504 U.S. 377 (1992) (plurality opinion).
- See generally Alexander Meiklejohn, Political Freedom.
- See, for example, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 297 (1964) (Black, J., concurring); and Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. F.C.C., 395 U.S. 367, 390 (1969). See generally, William J. Brennan, “The Supreme Court and the Meiklejohn Interpretation of the First Amendment,” Harvard Law Review 79 (1965): 1.
- C. Edwin Baker, “Scope of the First Amendment Freedom of Speech,” UCLA Law Review 25 (1978): 964.
- See Redish, “The Value of Free Speech.”
- This theory of catalytic self‐realization and its relevance to corporate speech is explored in detail in Martin H. Redish and Howard M. Wasserman, “What’s Good for General Motors: Corporate Speech and the Theory of Free Expression,” George Washington Law Review 66 (1998): 235.
- Herbert Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 1836–1937 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1991), p. 3; Bray Hammond, Sovereignty and an Empty Purse: Banks and Politics in the Civil War (1970) reprinted in Conflict and Consensus in Early American History, 6th ed., ed. Allen F. Davis and Harold D. Woodman (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath,1984), pp. 216, 218; Ronald Seavoy, The Origins of the American Business Corporation, 1784–1855 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982), p. 256; and Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. Henry Reeve (Cambridge, MA: Sever and Francis, 1862), pp. 129–30, 132, 140–41.
- I should note that Post does not totally exclude commercial speech from the scope of First Amendment protection because he recognizes a listener‐centric informational value of such expression. See Robert C. Post, “The Constitutional Status of Commercial Speech,” UCLA Law Review 48 (2000): 1, 32. However, Post extends a significantly lower level of protection than he does to speech that fosters speaker‐centric related values. See Redish, The Adversary First Amendment.
- Robert C. Post, “Reconciling Theory and Doctrine in the First Amendment,” California Law Review 88(2000): 2353, 2373.
- See the discussion in Redish, The Adversary First Amendment, pp. 60–62.
- Redish, “The Value of Free Speech,” pp. 604–05.
- Ibid., pp. 601–02.
- Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of U.S., Inc., 466 U.S. 485 (1984).
- Martin H. Redish, “Commercial Speech, First Amendment Intuitionism and the Twilight Zone of Viewpoint Discrimination,” Loyola Los Angeles Law Review 41 (2007): 67; and Cass R. Sunstein, “The Republican Civic Tradition: Beyond the Republican Revival,” Yale Law Journal 97 (1988): 1539.
- In Sorrell, the Supreme Court struck down a state law prohibiting drug manufacturers from obtaining data‐mined information about doctors’ prescription patterns, but imposed no such restriction on academic researchers. The Court imposed strict scrutiny because it deemed the dichotomy to constitute a viewpoint‐based discrimination. For a more detailed discussion of what I have labeled the “twilight zone” version of commercial speech regulation, see Redish, “Commercial Speech, First Amendment Intuitionism and the Twilight Zone of Viewpoint Discrimination.”
- U.S. 484 (1996).
- Id. at 503.
- The argument that media corporations are distinguishable because they are protected by the separate guarantee of freedom of the press is specious. No compelling reason has been given as to why the corporate nature of a speaker matters for freedom of speech but not for freedom of the press. In any event, the Supreme Court has always treated the two First Amendment guarantees fungibly.
- U.S. 429 (1964). | <urn:uuid:583fa593-f125-4e55-9bf2-ace2c6e2d59e> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 49,010 |
|TABLE OF CONTENTS||Page|
|2. ASSESSMENT IN GRADE 12||4|
|3. ELABORATION OF THE CONTENT FOR GRADE 12 (CAPS)||4|
The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Engineering Graphics and Design outlines the nature and purpose of the subject Engineering Graphics and Design. This guides the philosophy underlying the teaching and assessment of the subject in Grade 12.
The purpose of these Examination Guidelines is to:
This document deals with the final Grade 12 external examinations. It does not deal in any depth with the School-based Assessment (SBA), Performance Assessment Tasks (PATs) or final external practical examinations as these are clarified in a separate PAT document which is updated annually.
These Examination Guidelines should be read in conjunction with:
2. ASSESSMENT IN GRADE 12
2.1 FORMAT OF THE QUESTION PAPERS
The external examinations will comprise two question papers of TWO HOURS EACH. The question papers have equal weighting, and carry 150 marks each. The papers will assess the learner's knowledge of all content in Grade 12, as well as knowledge of the subject from Grades 10 and 11. Content from these grades may comprise up to 15% of each of the two papers.
Examinable Topics from Grades 10 and 11 in Grade 12
|GRADE 12 PAPER 1||GRADE 12 PAPER 2|
|Major dimensions common to all religions (from Grade 10)||Religion and the state (from Grade 11)|
|Types of rituals and their roles (from Gr 11)|
Each valid point will be allocated two marks, e.g. a 10-mark-question will require five valid facts. However, for SECTION A of Paper 1, only ONE mark will be awarded for each fact, unless otherwise indicated.
2.2 COGNITIVE LEVELS
Formal assessment in Religion Studies caters for a range of cognitive levels, as follows:
|WEIGHTING(%)||COGNITIVE LEVEL DESCRIPTION||BLOOM'S TAXONOMY|
|30%||Recall (knowledge)||Levels 1 and 2|
|40%||Comprehension||Levels 3 and 4|
|30%||Analysis, application, evaluation and synthesis||Levels 5 and 6|
3. ELABORATION OF THE CONTENT FOR GRADE 12 (CAPS)
The religions that must be studied for the subject are chosen on the basis of their presence in South Africa. These are:
Some topics or subtopics in the CAPS document (under 'Outline of what is to be taught') are indicated as 'Specialisation in one religion.' This means that while the relevant content must be studied with regard to all eight religions listed above, the topic or subtopic should be studied in depth with reference to only one religion, as chosen by the candidate.
While recommended textbooks provide the core content of the subject, the study of this subject must include topical issues that impact on the inter-relationship between religion and society. It is therefore essential that learners are knowledgeable of media coverage (both current and recent national and international developments that impact on religion).
Candidates will be required to answer THREE questions: one compulsory question (short questions of 50 marks) and a choice of two out of three or four questions of 50 marks each.
SECTION A (Compulsory)
In SECTION A, questions require answers that comprise one word and short paragraphs. This section also includes questions that require short explanations and brief descriptions.
Question types include one-word answers, true/false questions (with reasons), matching items and multiple-choice questions.
NOTE: In this section, each fact carries ONE mark, unless otherwise indicated.
SECTION B (Answer TWO out of three or four questions.)
Questions focus on interrogating a range of sources, such as texts, maps, graphs, etc. and include comparative questions. The required answers range from short responses to paragraphs.
In this section, the topics to be assessed are as follows:
This question paper consists of four or five questions. Candidates will be required to answer only three questions. All questions will carry equal marks, i.e. 50 marks each.
Questions will focus on analysing and interpreting generic issues pertaining to religions. Candidates are expected to present a position on the issue/issues from a Religion Studies perspective, and to argue this position and critique it. A source can be included to act as a stimulus.
In this question paper, the topics to be assessed are as follows:
For the final examination 2021 and supplementary examination/Senior Certificate Examination 2022:
For the final examination 2022 and supplementary examination/Senior Certificate Examination 2023:
For the final examination 2023 and supplementary examination/Senior Certificate Examination 2024:
NOTE: The stipulated major social problems must be studied in the context of religious teachings. Such teachings may be chosen from a variety of religions. At the end of 2023, the topics for the three-year-cycle will be repeated, unless replaced by a more recent Examination Guidelines document.
This Examination Guidelines document is meant to articulate the assessment aspirations espoused in the CAPS document. It is therefore not a substitute for the CAPS document which teachers should teach to.
Qualitative curriculum coverage as enunciated in the CAPS cannot be over-emphasised. | <urn:uuid:1fbbbd51-38b3-4480-883e-60eaa1d8d233> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 5,143 |
Jessica Simpson Pregnant Again: Report
By Daniel Gates | 10:03 am, November 28th, 2012
Jessica Simpson is pregnant again, according to a cover story in the new Us Weekly.
“It definitely wasn’t planned,” says a source for the magazine. “But yes, Jessica is pregnant again.”
A rep for Simpson had “no comment” to Us Weekly.
Gossip Cop has reached out to sources for confirmation.
We will have updates when we learn more.
There’s no indication in the Us Weekly story of how far along Simpson supposedly is.
Follow @GossipCop on Twitter!
Like us on Facebook! | <urn:uuid:aa3985d4-6a1a-4a5a-a3db-b69de54a6a5a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 554 |
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In a world full of uncertainties, being prepared for emergencies is crucial, and having an emergency kit stocked with disaster supplies and a first aid kit is essential for emergency preparedness. When it comes to survival kits, one essential component that often gets overlooked is your prescription list.
Your prescription medications are vital for maintaining your health, especially during times of crisis.
Creating a comprehensive prescription list should be a top priority when assembling your emergency supplies.
This list should include all the medications you and your family members regularly take, along with the dosage and frequency. It's also important to note any specific instructions or precautions related to each medication. Emergency preparedness is not only about survival gear; it also encompasses disaster supplies, an emergency kit, a first aid kit, a survival checklist, and other essential components of disaster preparedness.
What should be in your survival kit
When it comes to preparing your survival kit, it's important to focus on the essential survival gear list, including emergency supplies and survival tools, that can help you navigate through unexpected emergencies and challenging situations. While individual needs and preferences may vary, there are key survival tools and equipment that should be included in every emergency preparedness kit.
In addition to water, food supplies, and a first aid kit, there are other crucial items that can make a difference in your ability to survive in the wilderness or during a disaster.
From communication devices to warm clothing and shelter, your survival pack should be equipped with everything you need to stay safe and secure
Essential items for survival prescriptions
During times of emergency or disaster, it is crucial to have survival necessities readily available, such as an emergency survival kit or a bug out bag. These items are vital for maintaining the well-being and health of individuals who rely on prescription medications to manage their conditions.
While personalized advice from healthcare professionals is crucial, there are general points to consider when creating a prescription list for emergencies.
Ensuring an ample supply of prescription medications that are regularly updated can help avoid expiration.
It is important to keep a copy of your medical history, including current medications and dosages, along with basic first aid supplies and emergency contacts.
If you rely on medical equipment, having spare batteries, power sources, or backup equipment is crucial to continue your treatment in challenging circumstances. It is also essential to include personal hygiene items in your bug out bag to ensure your emergency preparedness checklist is complete.
Creating a comprehensive survival kit list
In addition to medical supplies, it is crucial to include a variety of wilderness survival gear in your comprehensive survival kit, ensuring that you are equipped with the essential tools for navigating the wild. These essential items can greatly impact your ability to endure and overcome challenging situations.
It is recommended to add a sturdy tent, sleeping bags, and fire-starting tools to your emergency kit checklist.
A survival knife, compass, and paracord are invaluable tools that can assist you in navigating and surviving in the wilderness.
Don't forget to include a backup power source, such as solar panels or a portable generator. This will ensure that you can stay connected and powered up during emergencies
Importance of first aid supplies in survival prescriptions
When it comes to survival, it is crucial to have readily available an emergency supplies checklist. These supplies are essential in addressing immediate medical needs during a emergency survival gear scenario where professional healthcare may not be accessible.
Whether it is a minor injury or a more serious condition, having the right supplies can have a significant impact on stabilizing a person's condition until help arrives.
The versatility of survival gear for sale allows individuals to attend to a variety of medical issues, providing a sense of security and peace of mind in challenging situations
Emergency Supplies Checklist
- Having an emergency supplies checklist is crucial for survival in challenging situations.
- These supplies are essential in addressing immediate medical needs when professional healthcare is not accessible.
- The right supplies can significantly impact stabilizing a person's condition until help arrives.
- Survival gear for sale offers versatility in attending to a variety of medical issues, providing a sense of security and peace of mind.
Musthave tools for survival prescriptions
Emergency preparedness gear from a survival gear store near me can be invaluable in emergency situations. It's also a good idea to have a portable phone charger and a whistle to signal for help.
When putting together your survival kit, make sure to prioritize the most essential items and consider any specific medical needs you or your family members may have.
Keep your kit in a designated, easy-to-access location and regularly check and update its contents to ensure you're prepared for any emergency.
Remember, the key to survival is being prepared and having the right tools at your disposal
Optimizing your survival prescription for effectiveness
Optimizing your emergency supplies kit is crucial for ensuring preparedness during unexpected situations. Make sure you have all the necessary items, such as bandages, disinfectants, and any other medical supplies that may be needed in a crisis.
Checking the expiry dates and replacing any expired items is important to ensure their effectiveness when you need them the most.
It is also important to store these supplies in a secure and easily accessible location.
Optimizing your survival prescription involves paying attention to the expiration dates of medications, properly storing them, and ensuring their accessibility. Regularly reviewing and updating your prescription, as well as having a comprehensive understanding of your emergency supplies, are essential for effective preparedness
Optimizing Emergency Supplies Kit
- Regularly checking and replacing expired items ensures their effectiveness during emergencies.
- Having all necessary medical supplies, such as bandages and disinfectants, is crucial for preparedness.
- Storing emergency supplies in a secure and easily accessible location allows for quick access during unexpected situations.
- Optimizing your survival prescription involves paying attention to medication expiration dates and proper storage.
Role of emergency supplies in survival prescriptions
In addition to addressing immediate medical needs, emergency supplies in survival prescriptions also play a crucial role in preventing further harm and infection, as emphasized in an emergency kit checklist pdf. Having items like wound closure strips, sterile gloves, and disinfectants in your survival kit enables you to effectively manage and treat wounds, minimizing complications.
These supplies are essential in situations where medical assistance is not readily available, empowering individuals to take control of their own health and well-being.
Remember to regularly check and replace expired items to ensure their effectiveness when needed most
Top survival gear essentials for prescriptions
When it comes to preparing for emergencies, having the right emergency disaster kit essentials for prescriptions is crucial, and including them in your emergency essentials kit or survival kit list is a must. In times of crisis, access to necessary medications can be limited, making it vital to be well-prepared.
One important aspect to focus on is creating a comprehensive prescription list.
This list should include the names of the medications, dosages, and any special instructions.
Having this information readily available will make it easier to communicate your needs to medical professionals or emergency responders.
It's important to have a well-stocked first aid kit with basic medical supplies.
Another essential item to consider is a medication organizer or pillbox to keep track of your daily doses. Storing your medications in a cool, dry place and regularly checking expiration dates is crucial. By planning ahead and ensuring you have the necessary emergency preparedness must haves such as an emergency disaster kit or survival gear for camping, you can be confident in facing any unexpected situation.
Emergency Disaster Kit Essentials for Prescriptions
- Having the right emergency disaster kit essentials for prescriptions is crucial in times of crisis.
- A comprehensive prescription list with medication names, dosages, and special instructions is important for effective communication with medical professionals or emergency responders.
- A well-stocked first aid kit with basic medical supplies is essential for emergency preparedness.
- Using a medication organizer or pillbox helps in keeping track of daily doses.
Packing your survival prescription for easy access
When it comes to ensuring easy access to your prescription in an emergency, being prepared and organized is crucial, especially by having an emergency preparedness kit checklist. One vital step is to have a detailed PDF of your emergency supplies list.
This list should include all the necessary medications and supplies you need.
It should not only contain your regular prescriptions but also any emergency medications or supplies related to your medical condition.
By having a comprehensive and easily accessible list, you can quickly gather all the essentials if an emergency arises. It is essential to regularly update this list and store it in a waterproof container for added protection
Common mistakes to avoid in survival prescriptions
When it comes to survival prescriptions, it is crucial to avoid certain common mistakes to ensure your emergency preparedness kit list includes essential items such as a flashlight, water, and a comprehensive emergency supplies checklist for home. One common mistake is not having enough medication on hand in case of an emergency.
It is important to ensure that you have an ample supply of prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and essential medical supplies to last you through any unforeseen circumstances.
Another mistake to avoid is failing to organize your prescription list.
Keeping a detailed record of all your medications, including their names, dosages, and expiration dates, is essential. Regularly reviewing and updating this list is crucial to ensure its accuracy.
You may want to consider creating a backup copy and storing it in a secure location
Emergency Preparedness Kit
- Having enough medication is crucial in emergencies
- Prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and essential medical supplies should be included in the emergency preparedness kit
- Organizing a detailed record of all medications, including names, dosages, and expiration dates, is essential for preparedness
- Creating a backup copy of the prescription list and storing it in a secure location is recommended | <urn:uuid:3157dd37-a1bc-406a-9681-75c281e94f0f> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 11,163 |
We have seen how cannabis stocks have burnt investor wealth in the last year. The optimism experienced in October 2018 seems a long time ago now. Leading cannabis stocks such as Aurora Cannabis (TSX:ACB)(NYSE:ACB) and Canopy Growth (TSX:WEED)(NYSE:CGC) have been more than decimated over the course of a year.
Aurora Cannabis stock is trading at $4.82, which is 58.5% below its 52-week high. Canopy Growth is trading at $28.3, which is 60% below its 52-week high. A lot of uncertainty remains in this space and it is likely that marijuana stocks might trade lower as we get close to the end of 2019.
But the steep market correction also provides an opportunity to buy these stocks at somewhat reasonable valuations.
Several analysts have revised their sales forecasts lower recently, driven by the tepid quarterly results of Aurora Cannabis and Canopy Growth over the past two months. The marijuana stocks have been driven lower as the illegal market continues to cannibalize sales.
Analysts expect Aurora Cannabis to grow sales by 112.9% to $527.84 million in fiscal 2020 (year ending in June), 67.6% to $884.4 million in 2021, and by 75% to $1.58 billion in fiscal 2022.
Comparatively, they estimate Canopy Growth to grow sales by 121% to $560 million in fiscal 2020 (ending in March), 100.5% to $1.12 billion in 2021, and by 67% to $1.87 billion in fiscal 2022.
Several cannabis stocks, including these two giants, are still posting net losses. However, with strong revenue growth, investors can expect the profit margins to rise at a significant pace. Analysts expect Aurora Cannabis to be EBITDA-positive in fiscal 2021. They estimate the company’s EBITDA to improve from -$156 million in 2019 to -$23.6 million in 2020, and $169 million in 2021. Aurora’s EBITDA might reach $453 million in 2022. The road to EBITDA profitability for Canopy Growth is longer. Analysts expect Canopy’s EBITDA to rise from -$322 million in 2020 to $103 million in 2020.
In fiscal 2022, investors can expect an EBITDA margin of 28.6% for Aurora, while the same for Canopy is 5.5%.
Aurora Cannabis is valued at $4.88 billion (in terms of market cap) or 9.2 times forward sales. It has an enterprise value of $5.29 billion or 10 times forward sales. It has a price to book ratio of 1.26.
Canopy Growth is valued at $9.86 billion (in terms of market cap) or 17.7 times forward sales. It has an enterprise value of $9.15 billion or 14.5 times forward sales. Canopy has a price to book ratio of 2.03.
Cannabis companies continue to invest heavily in manufacturing facilities that will drive growth and expansion. Analysts expect Aurora to spend $600 million in capital expenditure (capex) for 2020. Aurora’s capex/sales in 2020 stands at 46% and this ratio falls to 20.5% in 2021.
Canopy’s capex/sales in 2020 is 108% and it falls to 50.1% in 2021.
Analyst target estimates
Let’s have a look at how analysts expect Aurora Cannabis stock and Canopy Growth stock to perform in the next year. Analysts expect Aurora Cannabis stock to rise 73% in the next 12 months. They have an average price target estimate of $46 for Canopy, which is 62% above the current price.
While Canopy Growth has a higher valuation, it also has higher revenue growth estimates. However, Aurora Cannabis will reach profitability sooner, which might make it attractive to investors. High operating leverage will also help Aurora improve earnings per share significantly over the years.
This article represents the opinion of the writer, who may disagree with the “official” recommendation position of a Motley Fool premium service or advisor. We’re Motley! Questioning an investing thesis — even one of our own — helps us all think critically about investing and make decisions that help us become smarter, happier, and richer, so we sometimes publish articles that may not be in line with recommendations, rankings or other content.
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I will pay for the following essay The Case of Jeff. The essay is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.
The participants will be tasked to write a letter that will be brought and read at the intervention. The letter will be composed of their affectionate feelings for the addict and their desire to help him overcome the disease. In the letters, love should be expressed. However, the wife and parents should express to Jeff what they will do if he does not accept help. The consequences given in the letters should be what the wife or parents are willing to do. For example, the parents can refuse to let him come home, or financially support him. The wife can write she will divorce him. The most import aspect of this part of their letters is the willingness of the parents and wife to follow through on the consequences they lay down. In the actual intervention process, I will tell Jeff of his employer’s decision to continue his job if changes his behavior. All these are designed to make Jeff realize that he really has a problem concerning drinking and gambling. The second session is the basically the “practice session”. This is where all the specifics of the intervention- time, place, what to expect and how to respond- will be reviewed by me and the participants. All these will be designed in such a manner that Jeff will be persuaded to enter the treatment facility.
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STUDENT SCIENCE SAFETY CONTRACT
In order to maintain a safe science learning environment, students must follow classroom rules of science safety. Please read the rules with your child, sign this form and return it to school with your child.
SCIENCE SAFETY RULES
1. Follow teacher directions at all times
2. Do not touch anything in the science room unless told to by the teacher. This includes animals, plants, and equipment, ect.
3. Never taste or smell anything in the science room unless told to by the teacher.
4. Keep your hands away from your eyes. Wash your hands after science experiments, when instructed to by your teacher.
5. Keep work areas clean and uncluttered. Roll up your sleeves, tie back long hair, remove coats, bulky sweaters, backpacks, ect.
6. Remain in your seat during science class unless the teacher gives other directions.
7. Wear safety goggles when instructed to by your teacher.
8. Don’t mix chemicals or pour anything down the sink. Dispose of waste in designated places.
9. Report any accidents to the teacher. If something breaks, tell the teacher- DO NOT TOUCH.
Parent Signature Date Student Signature | <urn:uuid:01441742-7fa9-4c61-bebe-9d791101ed6d> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,136 |
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