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Housekeeper in Florence
I am a hardworking, dependable, honest lady looking for homes to clean. No job is to big or to small. I will clean your home to your specifications.
General Room Cleaning
Change Bed Linens
Take Out Trash/Recycling
Notes made here will only be seen by you. If you want to message the owner of this listing | <urn:uuid:a9d7118a-c736-4f8b-92d2-8c10d8fe36bf> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 328 |
phenylalanine dangers,phenylalanine foods,phenylalanine supplement,phenylalanine uses,phenylalanine side effects,phenylalanine in coke,phenylalanine metabolism,phenylalanine hydrochloride,phenylalanine foods,phenylalanine dangers,phenylalanine uses,phenylalanine side effects,phenylalanine structure, phenylalanine metabolism
One of the “building blocks” of protein is called phenylalanine, which is an amino acid. There are three different kinds of phenylalanine: D-phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine, and DL-phenylalanine, which is a combination of the two that are created in the lab.
The amino acid known as d-phenylalanine is not one of the necessary amino acids. Its function within the body is not fully understood at this time. One of the necessary amino acids is called L-phenylalanine. There is no other form of phenylalanine that can be found in proteins besides this one. Meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and milk are among the most important dietary sources of the amino acid L-phenylalanine.
The most prevalent usage of phenylalanine is in the treatment of a skin condition that manifests itself as the development of white patches on the skin (vitiligo). It is also used for the treatment of aged skin, pain, obesity, and a wide variety of other ailments; however, there is little credible scientific data to back up these claims.
How does it operate?
Phenylalanine is utilized by the body in the production of chemical messengers; however, it is not known exactly how phenylalanine operates.
Uses & Effectiveness
Possible Usefulness in Regards to
A condition of the skin that manifests itself as the development of white patches on the skin (vitiligo). Vitiligo can be treated successfully in both adults and children by either orally ingesting L-phenylalanine in combination with exposure to UVA or topically applying L-phenylalanine to the affected areas of the skin in conjunction with UVA exposure.
It is possible that this treatment is ineffective for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because individuals with ADHD have reduced levels of certain amino acids, including phenylalanine, it was hoped that giving patients phenylalanine might be effective in treating ADHD. However, it does not appear that ingesting phenylalanine in order to treat ADHD symptoms will provide any positive results.
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Pain that is ongoing. It does not appear that taking D-phenylalanine by mouth will lessen the pain.
There is insufficient evidence that aging affects the skin. Initial studies suggest that using a cream containing undecylenoyl phenylalanine, which is a modified version of phenylalanine, twice a day for a period of 12 weeks in order to reduce the number of age spots on the skin can be effective.
Depression. A little amount of clinical research carried out in the 1970s and 1980s suggests that L-phenylalanine or DL-phenylalanine may be helpful for treating depression. [Citation needed] [Citation needed] Having said that, this research has to be substantiated. It would appear that taking D-phenylalanine will not help depressive symptoms in a person.
Obesity. Initial findings from the study indicate that those who are fat or overweight do not benefit from L-ability phenylalanine to alleviate appetite.
Parkinson disease. The results of several preliminary studies suggest that ingesting D-phenylalanine could lessen the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
Multiple sclerosis (MS).
In order to assess how successful phenylalanine is for various applications, additional evidence is required.
When taken orally, L-phenylalanine is most likely safe for consumption by the vast majority of people when consumed in amounts that are typically present in foods. When used as a medicine for a limited amount of time, L-phenylalanine consumption MAY BE SAFE. When taken as a single dose of up to 10 grams, D-phenylalanine is likely to not have any adverse effects. There is not enough trustworthy information available to determine whether or not D-phenylalanine is safe when taken at doses greater than one.
L-phenylalanine MAY BE SAFE TO APPLY TO THE SKIN IF IT IS IN THE FORM OF A CREAM AND IT IS ONLY LEFT ON FOR A SHORT TIME.
Special Precautions and Warnings
When taken orally, L-phenylalanine is most likely safe for consumption by the vast majority of people when consumed in amounts that are typically present in foods. When used as a medicine for a limited amount of time, L-phenylalanine consumption MAY BE SAFE. When taken as a single dose of up to 10 grammes, D-phenylalanine is likely to not have any adverse effects. There is not enough trustworthy information available to determine whether or not D-phenylalanine is safe when taken at doses greater than one.
L-phenylalanine MAY BE SAFE TO APPLY TO THE SKIN IF IT IS IN THE FORM OF A CREAM AND IT IS ONLY LEFT ON FOR A SHORT TIME. L-phenylalanine is LIKELY SAFE when ingested in amounts usually found in foods by pregnant patients who have normal phenylalanine levels. This holds true for both breastfeeding and consumption during pregnancy. But consuming an excessive amount of phenylalanine while pregnant can increase the risk of the baby being born with a disability. It is probably safe for individuals who metabolize phenylalanine normally and have normal levels to consume the amount of phenylalanine that is naturally present in food; nevertheless, patients should avoid taking phenylalanine supplements. Even typical amounts of phenylalanine in diet should be avoided by pregnant individuals who have high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine because they have a disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU). For these patients, the recommendation from the experts is to follow a diet low in phenylalanine for at least 20 weeks before attempting pregnancy. It is expected that this will lower the likelihood of birth abnormalities.
Phenylalanine It is LIKELY SAFE for breastfeeding mothers whose bodies process phenylalanine normally to consume the quantity of L-phenylalanine that is found in food while they are nursing their babies. Phenylalanine However, do not take more. However, there is an insufficient quantity of trustworthy data to determine whether or not it is safe to consume L-phenylalanine at medicinally bigger levels while breastfeeding.
There is not enough trustworthy information available to determine whether or not D-phenylalanine may be used safely during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. To be on the safe side, you should avoid using it.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) and other conditions that lead to elevated amounts of phenylalanine include the following: People who have certain genetic illnesses that lead their systems to build up an excessive amount of phenylalanine should steer clear of the amino acid phenylalanine. One of these illnesses is called phenylketonuria (PKU for short). If they take in phenylalanine, those who have this condition have an increased risk of developing mental retardation, high blood pressure, stroke, and a wide variety of other serious health problems. Because PKU is such a serious condition, newborns are tested for it to detect whether or not they have the ailment and will require a particular diet to avoid the complications associated with it.
Use with extreme caution if you have schizophrenia. Phenylalanine has been shown to exacerbate the symptoms of a movement disease known as tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia.
Do not combine these medications in any way.
PHENYLALANINE is involved in the interaction with levodopa.
Parkinson’s disease is treated with the drug levodopa. Taking phenylalanine in conjunction with levodopa can exacerbate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. If you are currently using levodopa, you should not take phenylalanine.
Interaction that is Not Overbearing
Take precautions when using these two together.
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PHENYLALANINE and the antidepressant drugs known as MAOIs have been shown to interact.
Phenylalanine has the potential to raise levels of a molecule in the body known as tyramine. It’s possible that consuming a lot of tyramine could raise your blood pressure. However, in order to get rid of tyramine, the body will naturally break it down. In most cases, this will prevent the tyramine from leading to an increase in blood pressure. Certain antidepressants prevent the body from eliminating tyramine in its natural process of doing so. This can result in there being an excessive amount of tyramine, which can then lead to blood pressure that is dangerously high.
Phenelzine (brand name: Nardil), tranylcypromine (brand name: Parnate), and a few additional drugs are included in this category of antidepressants.
PHENYLALANINE can change the effects of certain mental health medications, specifically antipsychotic medicines.
There is a possibility that certain drugs used to treat mental problems could produce jerky muscle movements. When used with some drugs for mental problems, the use of phenylalanine may increase the likelihood of experiencing jerky muscle movements.
Some medications for mental conditions include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), clozapine (Clozaril), fluphenazine (Prolixin), haloperidol (Haldol), olanzapine (Zyprexa), perphenazine (Trilafon), prochlorperazine (Compazine), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal), thioridazine (Mellaril), thiothixene (Navane), and others.
Baclofen has a reaction with the amino acid PHENYLALANINE.
It’s possible that phenylalanine will lower the amount of baclofen that the body absorbs. When taking this combo, exercise extreme caution.
In the course of scientific inquiry, the following doses have been investigated:
L-phenylalanine administered orally to adults at a dose of 50–100 mg/kg once a day has been found to be effective in treating vitiligo, a skin condition that results in the development of white spots on the skin. L-phenylalanine was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg three times per week for a period of up to three months.
APPLIED TO THE SKIN In order to treat vitiligo, a skin condition that results in the development of white patches on the skin, a cream containing 10% phenylalanine has been applied to the affected areas.
CHILDREN BY MOUTH: A skin ailment known as vitiligo, which results in the development of white spots on the skin, has been treated with phenylalanine at a dose of 100 mg/kg twice weekly for three to four months. | <urn:uuid:6f30f493-fa43-418f-965a-6198aeb95da5> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 10,470 |
If ΔGOU ~ ΔEFN, give the three pairs of congruent angles.
Angle G is congruent to Angle E; Angle O is congruent to Angle F; Angle U is congruent to Angle N
Angle G is proportional to Angle E; Angle O is proportional to Angle F; Angle U is proportional to Angle N
GO is congruent to EF; OU is congruent to FN; GU is congruent to EN
GO is proportional to EF; OU is proportional to FN; GU is proportional to EN
Stacey Warren - Expert brainly.com
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I got my questions answered at brainly.com in under 10 minutes. Go to brainly.com now for free help!
The vertices (letters showing angles) are written in the same order in both triangles.
The first angle of the first triangle is congruent to the first angle of the second triangle, and so on.
so our andwer would be B right?
Read the problem carefully. Congruent angles. What does B say about the angles? | <urn:uuid:d2e27c94-d8f7-48dd-a4a5-b23712f7ce62> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,625 |
Yes, drinking alcohol can make perioral dermatitis worse as it dilates blood vessels and can trigger inflammation in the skin.
Comprehensive answer to the question
Drinking alcohol is known to have numerous negative effects on the body, including causing dehydration, liver damage, and inflammation. However, when it comes to skin conditions like perioral dermatitis, alcohol consumption can be particularly harmful.
Perioral dermatitis is a skin condition that typically affects the area around the mouth, causing redness, small bumps, and sometimes even pimples. While the exact cause of perioral dermatitis is still unknown, it is believed to be associated with the use of topical steroids, as well as other triggers like certain skincare products, spicy foods, and stress.
When it comes to drinking alcohol and perioral dermatitis, the answer is clear – alcohol can make the condition worse. This is because alcohol dilates blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow and triggering inflammation in the skin. Additionally, alcohol can dehydrate the skin, making it more vulnerable to irritants and exacerbating existing symptoms.
As the famous skincare expert Paula Begoun once said, “Alcohol is one of the worst things for your skin. It’s up there with smoking and the sun!” Given the negative effects that alcohol can have on your skin’s health, it’s no surprise that avoiding it could be the key to improving your perioral dermatitis symptoms.
Here are a few interesting facts related to perioral dermatitis and skincare:
- Perioral dermatitis is more common in women than men, and most often affects those between the ages of 16 and 45.
- In addition to avoiding alcohol, those with perioral dermatitis may benefit from using gentle cleansers, avoiding heavy moisturizers, and reducing their use of oral contraceptives and other medications that can exacerbate symptoms.
- In severe cases of perioral dermatitis, prescription medications like antibiotics or topical creams may be necessary to improve symptoms.
- When it comes to skincare, it’s important to remember that what works for one person may not work for another. If you’re struggling with perioral dermatitis, it can be helpful to see a dermatologist and get personalized advice on how to manage your symptoms.
Here is a table summarizing some of the key factors that can worsen perioral dermatitis:
|Factor||Effect on perioral dermatitis|
|Topical steroids||Can trigger or worsen the condition|
|Skincare products||Certain products can irritate the skin and exacerbate symptoms|
|Spicy foods||Can trigger flare-ups in some people|
|Stress||Linked to increased inflammation and worsened symptoms|
|Alcohol consumption||Dilates blood vessels and triggers inflammation in the skin|
|Dehydration||Can make the skin more vulnerable to irritants and worsen symptoms|
A visual response to the word “Does drinking alcohol make perioral dermatitis worse?”
Board-certified dermatologist Dr. Jenny Liu explains perioral dermatitis, a recurring inflammatory condition that looks similar to acne but is not acne in nature. Sensitive or rosacea-prone skin, the use of steroids, masks, and certain toothpaste and skincare products increase the likelihood of developing perioral dermatitis. Dr. Liu recommends patients switch to gentle, fragrance-free, and sensitive skincare products and avoid using too many products. The dermatologist also suggests a non-foaming cleanser, light moisturizers, mineral-based sunscreens, and slowly reintroducing products once symptoms improve. For severe cases, a dermatologist should be consulted for prescription medications.
Other approaches of answering your query
No food or drink is known to cause or worsen perioral dermatitis.
More interesting questions on the issue
Besides, Does drinking make perioral dermatitis worse? Eczema, or dermatitis, is a skin condition that causes itchy, dry, and cracked skin. Alcohol may worsen eczema by increasing inflammation, altering the immune response, or slowing skin healing.
Then, Is perioral dermatitis caused by alcohol?
As an answer to this: Triggers that may cause or flare perioral dermatitis are:
Skin care products that have a lot of alcohol based preservatives. Immunological reactions to bacteria and yeasts on the skin. Sun light.
Hereof, What worsens perioral dermatitis?
The sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays, heat, and wind can aggravate perioral dermatitis. Some medications used to treat perioral dermatitis can also make your skin sensitive to the sun. Be sure to protect your skin if you’ll be in the sun for prolonged periods.
Can drinking too much alcohol cause dermatitis? Doctors call this skin disease seborrheic dermatitis, and it’s often a sign of immune system problems or a yeast in the body. For some people, drinking alcohol can trigger a flare-up. Over-the-counter shampoos are a good first treatment option, but you may need a prescription remedy.
Also asked, Can alcohol cause dermatitis?
Wine, beer, liquor, and spirits are widely consumed in many cultures across the globe, and for some individuals, ingestion, cutaneous contact, or other exposure can lead to dermatologic findings. However, there currently exist no comprehensive reviews on alcohol-related dermatitis.
Furthermore, What happens if perioral dermatitis is not treated? Answer to this: Without treatment, a person can develop significant facial scarring from perioral dermatitis. This is more likely to occur if they have the more severe lupoid form of the condition. The medications that a doctor may prescribe to treat the conditions can potentially cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.
Considering this, Can steroids cause perioral dermatitis?
The cause of perioral dermatitis is unknown. However, experts suggest it can occur after the use of strong topical steroids, which may be prescribed to treat another condition. Nasal sprays containing corticosteroids may also cause perioral dermatitis, as can inhaled steroids.
Simply so, How does alcohol affect your skin?
Response will be: The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology describes histamines as powerful chemicals that can cause redness or discoloration and itching. Alcohol use can also affect your skin barrier. Your skin barrier is a protective layer that holds in water and keeps out germs and irritants.
How does alcohol affect perioral dermatitis? The answer is: It causes inflammation in the body, which worsens redness, lesions and wounds associated with perioral dermatitis. Alcohol also causes acidity in the body which throws the internal pH of the body out of balance. An acidic environment inside the body aggravates inflammatory skin conditions including perioral dermatitis.
Accordingly, Can alcohol cause skin problems? Excessive alcohol (ethanol) intake or alcohol abuse can result in many health problems and is implicated as a cause or aggravating factor for several skin conditions. What is alcohol abuse?
Does alcohol cause eczema?
This condition causes painful, blistering lesions on the skin following exposure to the sun. Also known as nummular dermatitis, discoid eczema occurs more often in people who misuse alcohol, especially if they have liver problems. Can a person prevent the effects of alcohol on the skin?
Then, Does alcohol cause psoriasis?
The answer is: Patients with psoriasis and high alcohol intake are also more likely to suffer from depression. Seborrhoeic dermatitis has been observed to be more frequent in heavy drinkers. Nummular or discoid dermatitis occurs more frequently in alcohol abusers, particularly in those with abnormal liver function tests. | <urn:uuid:a1e599b5-3492-4c74-845f-14ca6d3254cb> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 7,616 |
View, browse and sort the ever-growing list of sessions by sector, pass type or event type. With this Session Builder, you can build your schedule in advance and access it during the show via export or with the Seatrade Cruise Global Mobile App, once live. Sessions do fill up and seating is first come, first serve, so arrive early to sessions that you would like to attend.
Nancy Schretter (President, Beacon Group Holdings, Inc)
John Downey (President of the Americas, Hurtigruten)
Vicky Garcia (COO and Co-Owner, Cruise Planners, an American Express Travel Representative)
Location: Room 203/205
Date: Wednesday, April 22
Time: 11:30 am - 12:15 pm
Pass Type: VIP Pass, Conference Pass, Cruise Line Pass, Speaker Pass - Get your pass now!
Event Type: Session
Vault Recording: TBD
Move over, Millennials. Generation Z is projected to be the largest generation in 2020 and its oldest members are now entering the workforce. Not simply a mirror image of Millennials, Generation Z consumers have their own distinct preferences and behaviors. These digital natives are already making their own travel purchases and substantially influencing the travel decisions of family members. Coming after them is Generation Alpha, projected to reach 2 billion in size in 2020. Born after 2010, these mega-influencers are expected to be the wealthiest and longest-living generation and are already having a major impact on family travel decisions.
This session will explore what the rise of Generation Z and Generation Alpha means for the travel industry, key factors that are important to them in making travel decisions, and what cruise lines and others are doing to attract them | <urn:uuid:8e2dc8d8-a4c6-48db-8807-4410f098b78c> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,667 |
Intended for individuals who are CPR, Emergency or Standard first aid trained who desire or are required to be trained in the administration of Emergency Oxygen.
This 4 hour program teaches providers how to use supplemental oxygen during an emergency, prior to the arrival of EMS.
This supplement is designed to meet requirements for personnel to be properly trained in the use of emergency oxygen and includes safety and handling recommendations. Providing supplemental emergency oxygen in conjunction with life supporting emergency care, is a simple and effective method of increasing a patient’s chance of a successful recovery. In fact, it is one of the first medical measures taken by EMS personnel in the field and in the hospital.
This program can be used to supplement MEDIC First Aid programs such as Emergency First Aid and CPR, Standard First Aid and CPR, or the Workplace for BC Level 1 etc. | <urn:uuid:7626fd3e-d553-49d8-a644-d1387062cd10> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 903 |
First a very happy blog-aversary to today’s guest blogger, Nora from A Clean Bake!!!! She has been brining her delicious grain-free treats to the masses for a year now, and debunking the myth that you can’t both have your cake and eat it too when it comes to healthy living! Thank you Nora for playing such an important role in the going grain-free movement – we happen to truly love those who can make a recipe so delicious that those afraid to ditch the grains quickly reconsider.
And if you too belong to the very occasional treat club, no worries, Nora has you covered there too! With recipes like Moroccan Spiced Carrots, Creamy Vegan Kale Pesto, and Veggie Packed Quiche, Nora has something for everyone on her site. We strongly suggest you hop on over and take a look…especially at the brownie section of the recipe page, just saying.
Enjoy Nora’s recipe share below for Chocolate Hazelnut Thumbprint Cookies!
Hi, my name is Nora and I am a dietary flip flopper.
People who have known me for a long time know me as The Carb Queen. For most of my life, my diet consisted of four food groups: pasta, bread, cheese, and cookies. Actually, that’s being a little dramatic. I ate a lot of cupcakes too. Growing up, I was a vegetarian and lacked a firm grasp of good nutrition and my daily meals were high in sugar, carbs and dairy (for protein, duh). Feel free to cringe openly. It sounds kind of gross to me too, in retrospect.
I wish I could say that I had the self control to just wake up one morning and overhaul my diet because it was The Right Thing To Do, but that’s just not the case. I had to get very sick with what was essentially a severe leaky gut (and a lot of other issues that caused it) in order to finally become motivated to make a major change. I wouldn’t have wished it on my worst enemy, but there was also a silver lining: over time, I learned to listen to my body, trust my gut (literally) and figure out what was right for me. After a lot of trial and error, what ultimately ended up making my gut – and lots of other little problems I didn’t even realize I had – feel better was an unrefined, low-carb, grain-free diet centered around lean protein (including meat), healthy fats and vegetables – basically, Paleo! Talk about the ultimate dietary flip flop.
I think many here would probably agree that the biggest misconception is that eating healthy, grain-free and sugar-free means boring, flavorless food. I’ve made it my mission to prove them wrong and I’ve been documenting my journey for the past year on A Clean Bake (exactly 1 year, in fact; today is the one year anniversary of my blog!).
I may not be the carb queen any more, but I still can’t live without a sweet treat. And these chocolate hazelnut thumbprint cookies are one of my ultimate favorites. I mean, who doesn’t love the flavors of chocolate and hazelnut? No one – trust me. These start with a simple dairy-free and naturally sweetened hazelnut flour cookie base and are filled with refined-sugar free homemade chocolate hazelnut spread (aka DIY Nutella!).
I absolutely love sharing these cookies with family and friends who think “gluten-free” cookies are weird and “grain-free” cookies are impossible. But one bite of these chocolate hazelnut thumbprint cookies and they’re eating their words!
- 1 1/2 cups finely ground hazelnut flour
- 1/4 cup coconut flour
- 2 Tablespoons coconut sugar or granulated sweetener of choice
- 1/8 teaspoon coarse sea salt
- 1/4 teaspoon baking soda
- 1/4 cup honey or maple syrup
- 2 Tablespoons melted coconut oil
- 1 large egg, lightly beaten
- 1/2 cup homemade chocolate hazelnut spread
- Preheat the oven to 325F and line a cookie sheet with parchment paper or a nonstick pad.
- Whisk together the flours, sweetener, salt, and baking soda. Set aside.
- In a small bowl, pour the melted coconut oil over the honey and whisk to combine. Add the egg and whisk to combine.
- Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir to combine. Allow to sit about 1 minute (this lets the coconut flour absorb moisture).
- Scoop 1 Tbsp balls of dough and flatten into a disc. Use your thumb or the back of a cookie scoop to gently press a well into the cookie. Fill with homemade chocolate hazelnut spread. Repeat with remaining dough.
- Bake for 9-12 minutes, until edges are slightly golden and the cookies give off the aroma of toasted hazelnuts.
[author] [author_image timthumb=’on’]http://paleoparents.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A-Clean-Bake-Headshot.jpg[/author_image] [author_info]Nora is a grain-free baker and a clean eater who documents her gluten-, dairy- and sugar-free recipes on her blog A Clean Bake. She lives in Chicago and her hobbies include tricking people into thinking they are eating heavily processed desserts when they’re really eating healthy ones. Connect with Nora on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest and Twitter.[/author_info] [/author] | <urn:uuid:ed4f5d9f-60d4-4c65-89ea-0ac713c0b16c> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,900 |
Bolivia is rich in metals, but has no port to ship from. Rather good GDP, and superior IC to manpower ration, this country is very playable. The main difficulty to overcome is poor Unity, so never pick a fight you can't win.
Bolivia has the highest IC/Leadership of any micro power, and will serve it well. Focus mainly on research, and place any residual towards intelligence operations. When at war, put all leadership towards officer recruitment until it reaches a suitable level between 100-140.
Bolivia needs 10 domestic spies immediately to start reducing its neutrality. Neutrality should be reduced to around 20 so that it can begin a campaign of intervention.
With abundant natural resources, and high IC/Leadership ration, Bolivia can forego any investments in infrastructure, leadership, or economy for considerable period. Concentrate all research on:
- Agriculture - to grow manpower, especially when at war
- Army Doctrines - will especially need to boost organization so that the army can sustain the offensive against less-organized forces.
The player can bring the former technologies onstream as conquest's begin to mount. In the mean time, Bolivia need not invest in any technologies ahead of time, and doctrines need only be improved a single step to begin campaigning.
Bolivia must trade with other countries in South America because it has no port of its own. Establish about 40-50 points of diplomatic influence to start. It will need to sell supplies and/or fuel to maintain a balance of trade.
Bolivia is in the heart of South America, and in a fairly target-rich environment. Initially recruiting about 20 free spies to use for infiltration purposes, the campaign to control all of South America so begins.
The Monroe doctrine will bring Bolivia into conflict with the USA, but this is a good thing because with such low Unity, Bolivia would be otherwise be hard-pressed to affect an aggressive conscription and industrial policy in inter-war periods.
The first logical target is Paraguay. This neighbor has no sea ports either, but will make an excellent puppet to augment Bolivia's rather slim armed forces in future conflicts. The boost in resources from capturing Paraguay's capitol more than make up for loss of future trade. Make sure to give your puppet transit rights so its forces can follow yours in subsequent campaigns.
A strategic victory is the capture of any Pacific port, remember you must annex in order to own the port. Good luck and good hunting.
Bolivia should avoid officer recruitment during the initial military build-up. Wait until after the initial DOW, then switch conscription laws to Service by Requirement, and put ALL leadership towards officer recruitment. Continue recruitment thus until officer percentages reach 100-140. Return to regular leadership commitments, but try to maintain a high level of officer percentages for the remainder of the game.
The overall strategy is rapid military build-up, which will be accomplished with a Full Civilian Economy so not not to be a strain on resources. Money and energy will be the sticking points. Don't go broke on education, downshift to Average Education Investment until money supplies are well padded.
Commense with building infantry, artillery, light armor, cavalry, and commandos. Set to work building a level-10 fort in the capitol, placing this at the bottom of the build queue to soak-up any residual IC's. You may never need this fortification, but it's better to err on the side of caution when campaigning in South America.
As a land-locked nation, Bolivia can only trade within South America. Energy is the most precious resource, and so the going will be very slow until a port of trade has been acquired. Small trades can be offered to sell excess metal supplies, otherwise rely on exporting supplies and/or fuel to support hard currency needs and to generate a balance of payments surplus.
The Bolivian economy has a significant surplus of Metal, but a deficit in Energy. It will need to acquire a port of trade to fuel its expansionist policies.
Bolivia's has low manpower and few officers, so a Dictatorial Army OOB is recommended. Initially the Army will need one good stack of five (5) of break-through infantry (2Inf+1Art). This force is uni-directional, and is only used to beat a path to the enemy's capitol. Running interference will require at least two (2) road-hogs (1LPz+1Cav) and three commando's (1Inf+1MP).
Important: Bolivia does not have enough manpower to bring all the above divisions to full strength, at least initially. To avoid shattering, immediately retreat any divisions that fall below 20% organization. Following the USA's DOW, switch to Service by Requirement and build no more forces until the above are brought up to full strength.
Road-hogs make especially good use of mobility and combined-arms modifier to quickly gain the advantage. The usual approach is to send the road-hogs forward into uncontested provinces, then remain on defence until the opposing divisions have depleted their organization. Next, advance the main corps towards its objective. The passive-offensive approach is the most expedient and most viable given limited manpower. Use Commandos for special operations such as rear eschelon security, holding strategic positions on the flanks, diversionary attacks while the main force is advancing, or flanking attacks on the enemy's capitol.
Any military expedition will require the expansion of Bolivia's forces.
Bolivia has few Generals, so it should be organized into a Dictatorial Army; with one full corps of elite divisions, a special forces army command, and everything else reporting directly to Theater HQ. Supply for such a small force is not a problem, so the usual Group HQ may be dispensed with.
- All brigades should be built as reserves using voluntary conscription to maximize use of available ICs.
- To save on manpower, decommission unnecessary militia, and turn-off all replacements to individual HQ's and remaining militia.
- For starting forces, construct one stack (of 5) break-through infantry(2Inf+1Art), two (2) road-hogs(1LPz+1Cav), and three (3) commando divisions (1Inf+1MP).
- Create only Army HQ's as needed to support elite corps and special forces.
The break-through corps is not as strong on defense as traditional infantry divisions, so use your road-hogs and commandos as a skirmishing force to enable you to position your elite corps for the kill. The elite Army HQ and Corps HQ need Generals with offensive and engineer traits, while road-hogs should use tricksters, and commandos use commandos. All remaining divisions use best available officers in that order.
|Major Powers||France · Germany · Italy · Japan · United Kingdom · United States of America · Soviet Union|
|Regional Powers||Argentina · Australia · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Czechoslovakia · Guangxi Clique · Hungary · Manchukuo · Nationalist China · Nationalist Spain · Netherlands · Poland · Republican Spain · Romania · Sweden · Turkey · Yugoslavia|
|Minor Powers||Austria · Canada · Chile · Colombia · Denmark · Finland · Greece · Ireland · Mexico · Norway · Peru · Portugal · Shanxi · South Africa · Switzerland|
|Micro Powers||Afghanistan · Albania · Bhutan · Bolivia · Communist China · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · El Salvador · Estonia · Ethiopia · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Iraq · Latvia · Liberia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Mongolia · Nepal · New Zealand · Nicaragua · Oman · Panama · Paraguay · Persia · Philippines · Saudi Arabia · Siam · Sinkiang · Tannu Tuva · Tibet · Uruguay · Venezuela · Xibei San Ma · Yemen · Yunnan| | <urn:uuid:0fefa447-4698-479d-9ef8-875bae036584> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 7,637 |
Radical Camera Maybe Coming to a Nokia Smartphone
Published on: 6th May 2013
Note -- this news article is more than a year old.
By: Ian Mansfield
Speculation is mounting that Nokia is working on a smartphone that could include a radical new camera design based around a 16 lens array.
Pelican Imaging, the inventor of the groundbreaking array camera recently raised USD20 million in additional funding, from a number of investors including Qualcomm and Nokia.
Nokia's investment in the company may be a routine commercial decision, but Pelican Imaging also confirmed that it is in talks with an unnamed handset manufacturer to deploy its lens-array -- leading to speculation that company is indeed Nokia.
As Nokia Growth Partners Managing Partner Bo Ilsoe noted, "Pelican Imaging's computational camera solutions are at the cutting edge of mobile camera technologies. We believe they're positioned to lead the next wave in video and image capture; they're a great addition to our portfolio of innovators in the imaging space."
Pelican Imaging's computational camera technology provides depth mapping at every pixel, enabling "the perfect picture" every time and allowing users to perform an unprecedented range of selective focus and edits, both pre- and post-capture. The camera itself is also about 50% thinner than existing mobile cameras.
Nokia has form in developing radical new camera technologies, and its Pureview 42-megapixel camera is widely expected to be included in the company's forthcoming Windows Phone based flagship handset. | <urn:uuid:a18268ae-51d0-4e90-8961-3b0070f680ea> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,542 |
Removals and Storage Gold Coast.
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Don’s removals and Storage Gold Coast has over 50 years experience. Gold Coast Removals and storage services in moving, packing and storage. Our team of honest, friendly & fast guys are ready to move you. Resulting in an efficient, cheap removal service in all Gold Coast suburbs. Experienced Removalists Gold Coast services. Whether it’s a house, apartment or your office. Don’s Removalists Gold Coast expert team take the stress and hassle out of moving.
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Living up to our removals and storage standards.
Our Gold Coast removalists team understand the excitement of moving into a new home. Our main priority is to do our job as our customers requires. We deliver an overall expert level of service to you. Ensuring you comfort from start to finish during your relocation. We offer reasonable prices for all Gold Coast Removals and storage.
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Contact Don’s removals and storage Gold Coast for an obligation free quote. From there, let our capable removalists team safely take care of the rest. You will find real reviews from previous, real customers below. It’s a great privilege to have serviced and earned the trust of such a high amount of clients through the years. We treat each and every job as the most important one. Whether it’s a big load of items or just your personal piano that needed to be moved. Don’s removals and storage Gold Coast are ready to get you moving.
Trusted Gold Coast removals and storage reviews.
Trusted reviews from real people.
My mum and I just moved today into a highrise from a suburban home. The two blokes, Ad’s and his good hearted, well humored, Kiwi, Hawaiian, Japanese lookin’ mate, were the best, most efficient and great company type of guys you could meet…the only downside of the day was I didn’t have a beer or…
Don’s Removals arrived exactly when they said they would, moved our large furniture with care and the removalists themselves were very friendly and approachable. There was a minor issue with the drop off address but it was resolved quickly and professionally. Communications were responded to promptly and we were kept in the loop at all…
I could not fault Don’s Removalist the young men were very professional & I did not have to pay until they unloaded all my items (not like Robina Removalist with lots of damage & missing items) Don’s Removalist nothing broken nothing missing EXCELLENT JOB GUYS like they say its word of mouth & you are…
Cannot speak more highly of the great Removalists employed by Robbie. Two very nice chaps that were super helpful and friendly and nothing was too much trouble. My move went super smooth. Thanks once again for a great experience.
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See our latest reviews on Google.
Our service promise as removalists is to to make your move worry free. While delivering professional expertise. Exceptional customer service and complete integrity with your personal valued items.
Robbie Still – Managing Director | <urn:uuid:6b4f9c42-5756-425e-8996-c795967dfc3f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 6,158 |
We’re changing the way restaurants and other retail chain operators like Dominos, Chipotle, KFC, Jersey Mike’s, and 7-Eleven translate operations strategy into great customer experiences. Today we have customers who are collectively overseeing 40,000 locations across 35+ countries using our mobile platform to drive operations excellence across all their stores.
For the past six years, our team has been building against a vision to change the way entire industries operate. We come to work everyday fired-up to reshape what’s possible and to make a big difference in the lives of our customers, and to put them on a steep new success trajectory.
Our Executive team consists of numerous successful entrepreneurs and executives that have built and sold companies to LinkedIn, Oracle and Accenture
We're growing 100%+ with retention rates over 110%
We operate in an industry that is underserved by technology with limited vertical competition. This presents us with a unique opportunity to make a disproportionate impact with limited hype.
We work with real people and solve real business problems for our customers.
Our engineering teams operate on two week sprint cycles. Each cycle begins with a planning meeting to discuss time estimates for features, and ends with a demo meeting where each engineer can show off the work they've completed. Engineers typically work with a product manager, designer, and tester and any other interested parties to spec a feature, then work on the feature individually or in pairs. We use Pull Requests on GitHub to conduct code reviews and have implemented automated build processes to push changes to testing environments for review. All engineers are also empowered to push code to production, which we often do multiple times per week.
Our team is organized by the products we build allowing each team member to build a sense for the customer and their problems, often traveling onsite to help triage issues or to better understand their workflows. A team is structured cross-functionally, typically with 4-6 engineers, a manager, a tester, a designer and a product manager.
We handle millions of tasks, questions & answers, images and documents every day and we're growing, fast. We are a mobile first company that has scaled to significant usage amongst many locations and we're going through our next stage of growth. We have ambitious plans to incorporate predictive features, computer vision and IoT to help us build the equivalent of
Splunk for the real world.
You would get to work on our time series infrastructure to help us leverage the numerous sensors that our customers have incorporated
You would be re-building our mobile apps to leverage new technologies
You would help us build recommendation tools and quality management tools based on computer vision using the numerous photos and videos we have accumulated from our customers
We prioritize building and maintaining a strong culture across San Francisco, Atlanta and our remote workforce.
From Zenput’s early days, it was really important to Vladik and John (the company’s founders) to create an environment where people felt connected to one another and the company’s direction. They wanted Zenput to be a place where employees can be themselves (that’s when people are at their best), and enjoy the journey together.
Zenput has a strong value-driven culture that permeates who we are as an organization, how we approach tackling goals and solving problems, and how we engage with customers and one another. Here are the values that serve as our “true north” at Zenput:
Build Systems Tackle goals in a way that provides future leverage.
Be Hungry Never stop learning. Stretch to make a bigger impact.
Bring Conviction Have strong opinions but hold them loosely.
Show Empathy Have compassion for customers as well as one another.
Do The Right Thing Take actions you can stand behind.
Enjoy The Journey Appreciate the ride, win as a team, and have fun.
We have a take-it-as-you-need-it vacation policy and require team members to take at least two weeks of vacation time each year
We have catered lunches provided in the office
We do an annual company retreat to somewhere warm in January
We have offices in San Francisco, Atlanta and Mexico, so travel opportunities abound.
Zenput covers 100% of your salary for up to 10 weeks in the event that you go on parental leave. After the first 10 weeks, you can choose to take an additional 4 weeks of unpaid leave. Your benefits will continue throughout the duration of your leave.
We care about results not hours. Most of the team is available from 10am to 5pm.
Zenput offers medical, dental, and vision benefits to all employees and their dependents. Premium costs are shared between you and Zenput.
We allow for flexibility with workplace, and allow our team members to work from home as needed.
We have numerous team activities from cooking nights, happy hours, team dinners, games nights and more.
All US-based employees have the option to allocate pre-tax dollars to pay for eligible work-related transit and parking expenses.
Interested in this company?
Skip straight to final-round interviews by applying through Triplebyte. | <urn:uuid:3127d5d8-9a72-41fa-af27-129d05028a4f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,186 |
Youtube link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5523MGHVI8s
Please OP include this info:
It looks like everything is fitting together. They have turned PoP Zero 2 into Osiris.... This was the rumored God of War meets Shadow of the Colossus game (rumored, when the game was first initialized). Also this makes even more sense as Jordan Mechner has said that was not POP, which explains why PoP is on hiatus according to Ubisoft.
Please remember things change during development. | <urn:uuid:5b755e75-1883-48bd-9d9b-329c3eaef2e6> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 474 |
Pastor Yonggi Cho was born on February 14, 1936 in Southern Kyung-sam Province, Sam-nam district, Kyo-doeng area. He was the first born of five sons and four daughters of Mr. Doo-Chun Cho and Mrs. Bok-sun Kim. During his childhood He was greatly influence.
Early life: 1958–1961
He was born on February 14, 1936, in Ulju-gun, now part of Ulsan metropolitan city. The son of Cho Doo-chun and Kim Bok-sun, He was the eldest of five brothers and four sisters. He graduated from middle school with honours. Because his father’s sock and glove business went bankrupt, He could not afford high school or university tuition. Subsequently, He enrolled in an inexpensive technical high school to learn a trade. At the same time, He began frequenting an American army base near his school, and learned English from soldiers whom He befriended. He mastered English quickly, and became an interpreter for the commander of the army base, and also for the principal of his school.
Raised initially as a Buddhist, Cho converted to Christianity at the age of 17, after a girl visited me daily telling me about Jesus Christ, after He was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Believing that God had called me to the ministry, He began working as an interpreter for the American evangelist Ken Tize. In 1956, when He received a scholarship to study theology at Full Gospel Bible College in Seoul. While there, He met Choi Ja-Shil (최자실), who became his mother-in-law and a close ministerial associate. He graduated in March 1958.
The Daejo Church
In May 1958, He held his first worship service in the home of his friend, Choi Ja-shil. Only Choi and her three children attended the service, but the church grew rapidly and soon had 50 members. Cho and church members began a campaign of knocking on doors and inviting people to come to church, and within three years, it had grown to four hundred members. In 1961, the church purchased its first plot of land at Seodaemun-gu.
The church’s expansion program suffered a setback in January 1961, when He was conscripted by the South Korean army for national service. He asked John Hurston, an American missionary, to pastor the church in his absence. his service in the army was short-lived. He required surgery for a serious intestinal illness, and on the grounds of ill health, He was discharged from the army after just seven months of service.
Following his military discharge, He once again began his pastoral work, despite continuing ill health. A 1500-seat auditorium was constructed on the plot of land at Seodaemun. It opened in November 1961. The church soon outgrew its premises: by 1964 it numbered three thousand.
Soon afterwards, He had married Kim Sung-hye (김성혜), the daughter of Choi Ja-shil, on 1 March 1965. In the meantime, He had been continuing to overwork, and suffered a collapse in 1965. Realizing that the work of leading a large congregation was too much for one person, He divided the city of Seoul into twenty zones, or “cells,” as he called them, and began training leaders for each cell, who would hold services for worship and Bible study in their homes during the week. Cell leaders were encouraged to invite non-Christian neighbours to attend, to learn about Christianity. Each cell leader was required to train an assistant, and when cell membership reached a certain number, the assistant leader would form a new cell, taking about half of the old cell with me or her.
By 1968, the church numbered eight thousand members; in addition to weekly cell meetings, the church was holding three Sunday services. Even three services proved insufficient to accommodate all members of the church, however, and Cho decided to purchase a larger property on Yeouido Island, in the Han River, which flows through Seoul.
The Yoido Church: 1973–present
Economic problems delayed the construction of a church on Yeouido (Yeoui Island), but in 1973, the new ten thousand-seat auditorium was completed. Its first worship service was held on 23 September 1973. In the same year, Prayer Mountain, a sanctuary where individuals can lock themselves away in small cubicles for prayer and fasting, was established. Expanded in 1982 to accommodate ten thousand people, Prayer Mountain is now visited by more than a million people each year, including some ten thousand foreign pilgrims. The church continued to grow exponentially; its membership reached 400,000 in 1984, and 700,000 in 1992. In the 1990s, Cho decided that rather than expanding further, the church should establish satellite churches in other parts of the city.
Awards and Honors
In 1968, He received an honorary doctor of divinity degree from Bethany University, (formerly known as Bethany Bible College), located in Santa Cruz, California.
He was also honored by the Council of Churches of the City of New York. He was awarded The Family of Man Medallion on May 18, 2005.
He went to be with the Lord on the early hours of September 14th 2021. | <urn:uuid:8757b1be-bf3f-486c-9de8-459fa331387a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,938 |
Any business or organization seeking to grow and to expand operations, will eventually be asking: Is it worthwhile? Taking a decision which involves financial risk and potential gain can be highly confusing and tempestuous. At our Risk Management Department, we assist our clients in making informed decisions in terms of management and financial aspects, weighing potential gain against risk.
A risk management survey is the smart and proper starting point for any new venture. It allows you to consider the different parameters involved in the venture, to focus on weaknesses and to prepare a comprehensive financial plan that would ensure that the venture starts off and continues in the best way possible. Including creating audit procedures, to minimize unnecessary risk and to alert in time to any such risk.
Our team of experts – Yoav Aboulafia, CPA, Paul Staszewski, CPA and Ofer Shmuel, CPA – assist many businesses, public benefit companies and NGOs, conducting review and analysis, together with the client, of exposure to various risk concentrations in the new venture, and its impact on the financial stability of the business or organization.
Services provided by this department
- Locate, review and analyze risk to which the organization is exposed and rate such risk
- Create organizational risk scenarios (Heat Map)
- Specify operating procedures and guidelines for risk management
- Provide consulting and assistance to company owners and Board management
- Quantify risk benchmarks with statistical data (KPIs, KRIs and their impact on the business and operations) | <urn:uuid:1448a8d6-9250-43c9-9232-0763bba6d0a4> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,584 |
January 29th 2007 5:05 am
[ Leave A Comment ]
I ate Mommy's jacket.Well, not exactly ate it.I chewed the zipper off in at least two places.Here's the story:
Mommy came home from work Friday night.There were ants all over the kitchen floor going to my chow- how dare they.Anyway, Mommy puts me on the couch and sprays the kitchen really heavy with ant spray.Then she says that we're going to Grandma's house for a while.Good.I depend on Grandma not to be as stingy with the snacks as Mommy.
We go to grandma's house and she has soup and rolls.Soup? A dog needs more than soup.I got some roll and doggies snack and played a little.Then Mommy says that it was time to go.Grandma said that it was too cold for little ole me so Mommy turns the heat up in the truck.
We get home and Mommy takes her coat off and wraps me up in it to keep me from getting a chill from the truck to the house.She then sets me on the bed, still wrapped up, with a pegetable.Yum.She leaves me there while she mops and cleans up the dead antsies.This is when I probably ate the jacket.
Mommy didn't need the jacket until this morning-when the wind chill was 17 degrees.Somehow she wasn't happy that she couldn't zip her coat all the way up.I think I'll lie low for a while.
Leave a Comment | <urn:uuid:f4c78167-ea81-4694-94a1-8185528949ee> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,261 |
University Archives, Special Collections Department, University of Memphis Libraries
Mary Eliza Repult performing in the Memphis State University production of the opera "Faust" in 1957, Memphis, Tennessee.
"Mary Eliza Repult in the Memphis State University performance of "Faust", 1957" (2021). Campus Images. 10.
Memphis State University.; University of Memphis. | <urn:uuid:ea739d4e-0b05-409f-98c9-d378a5e8c392> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 364 |
St. George Island Geography and Neighborhood Information
St. George Island is a 28 mile long (1/2 - 1 mile wide) barrier island. It lies approximately 4 miles off Florida's Southern Gulf of Mexico coastline. The island is known for white sand beaches, large sand dunes covered with sea oats (illegal to disturb dunes/oats). Other vegetation includes pine trees (slash, loblolly, and long leaf) palmetto forests, scrub oak groves, hammocks of live oaks, and cedars. The island ranges from 3 - 30 feet above sea level. St. George Island is accessible by vehicle from the mainland via bridge. Development of the island created three neighborhoods; The East End, Gulf Beaches, and The Plantation.
A two lane bridge (state maintained) extends 4 miles across the Apalachicola Bay from Cat Point (in the town of Eastpoint) to St. George Island. The bridge is commonly referred to as the St. George Island Bridge. The official name is the Bryant Patton Bridge. The original bridge built in 1965 was referred to as the "two dollar bridge" because of the $2.00 crossing toll. That bridge was replaced in 2003 with the current structure built just west of the original site. The remaining portions of the adandoned bridge are used as fishing piers on the Eastpoint and St. George Island sides of the bay. A section of abandoned roadbed has been preserved as a bird sanctuary and is referred to by locals as "bird island". Native and migrating birds use the island for nesting. Bird island is off limits to people. The water surrounding bird island is a popular and productive area for commercial oystering and recreational fishing.
St. George Island contains all the land mass east of Little St. George Island. At the eastern most end lies St. George Island State Park (Dr. Julian G. Bruce St. George Island State Park.) East of the state park is the East Pass waterway which separates St. George Island from Dog Island. Flanked by St. Vincent and Dog Islands, St. George Island dominates the barrier island chain that protects the mainland. The chain has been described as a gleaming white and green pine covered barrier enclosing the Bay and sound with a wall of dunes cast up by the sea against the spreading red of the river. Eighteenth century maps refer to the island as "San Jorge" (named by Spanish explorers). North of St. George Island on the mainland the fresh water Apalachicola River empties into East Bay. Apalachicola lies on the river's western bank. Fresh water flowing into East Bay forms a true delta. (A delta is made up of swamps, Bayous, creeks, and streams.)
The stretch of water from Indian Pass to Dog Island is thirty six miles long and from one to fourteen miles wide. This stretch is commonly referred to as the Apalachicola Bay area. St. George Island, Eastpoint, and Apalachicola are in Franklin County.
At the west end of the big island there is a water passage known today as "The Cut". Years ago The Cut was called the "new inlet" or "west gap". The gap physically divides the island and was originally created by hurricanes. It refilled with silt over time joining the two land masses. In 1957, the US Army Corps of Engineers permanently opened the passage to the Gulf to shorten time required for fishing boats (pleasure and commercial) leaving Apalachicola. The pass is officially named the Bob Sikes Cut in honor of Robert Sikes, the district's congressman in 1957. The Cut is a hugely popular fishing area. On the other side of The Cut lies the island's western third (historically called Little Saint George Island.) Little St. George island widens on the western end into an elbow before becoming "Cape St. George". The far western end of Little St. George Island is separated from the Island of St. Vincent by the West Pass. St. Vincent Island is separated from the mainland by St. Vincent sound. The sound opens on the west to the Gulf through narrow Indian Pass and widening on the east into Apalachicola Bay.
St. George Island is divided into the Plantation, Gulf Beaches, and the East End.
The Plantation is 13 miles long and lies on the west end of the island. Gulf Beaches stretches for 4 miles in the center of the island between 12th Street West and 11th Street East. The East End extends for 2 miles from 11th Street East to the State Park. (These neighborhoods are further subdivided into smaller communities). The State Park is 9 miles long and runs from the East End to East Pass. All Gulf front construction is subject to the Coastal Construction Control Line (which establishes the seaward limit of construction on Gulf front Lots). County zoning codes limit county-wide building height to no more than 47 feet from natural grade to a roof's apex. The limitation on building height ensures that St. George Island's population remains low density (because high rise hotels and condominiums cannot be built). A paved walking (and biking/jogging) path extends 6.3 miles from 12th Street West through Gulf Beaches and the East End terminating at the State Park.
The Plantation was platted in 1976 and Incorporated in 1977. The Plantation is a 13 mile long gated community between 12th Street West and The Cut. Amenities include 24/7 security, underground utilities, a swimming pool, 3 tennis courts, 26 elevated boardwalks for beach access, 5 miles of biking and walking trails, boat access at The Cut, and airplane access via a 3800' landing strip on the Bay side of the Plantation. There are 14 subdivisions on the Gulf side and 13 on the Bay side. All properties are subject to annual assessment based on value. The Architectural Review Committee oversees all site preparation and construction to ensure compliance with Plantation restrictive covenants.
Gulf front home construction setback is approximately 75' forward of the Coastal Construction Control Line.
(Plantation setback standards differ from the rest of the island). Bay front setbacks cannot encroach on a critical habitat zone. Structures must be set back a minimum of 150' from the critical shoreline district. A 15' setback is required for all side or rear property lines (legal lot boundaries). This provides a 30' setback between houses. A 25' setback is required at all front property lines. Lots range in size from approximately ½ - 1+ acre except Bay front lots. Bay front lots vary greatly in size and shape.
The total overall maximum building height cannot exceed 47' from maximum natural grade to roof apex. Maximum building width is 60' including decks, porches, and steps. First floor elevation can be no higher than 12' above natural grade. Minimum heated living area is 1350' and the 1st floor minimum living area must be at least 1000'. There are additional site and structure specifications listed in the Plantation's covenants, articles, and bylaws.
Gulf Beaches was platted in 1952 and was the first subdivision on the Island. It is comprised of residences and the islands commercial district which lies within the center six blocks of the Island. Gulf Beaches is the 4 mile long area beginning at 12th Street west and ending at 11th Street east. Gulf Beaches is divided into Units 1,2,3,4 5. Unit 1 has east and west designations. Units 2 and 4 are designated east. Units 3 and 5 are designated west. The bridge to the island from the mainland provides access via Florida State Highway 300 South. The state highway dead-ends in Gulf Beaches at county maintained Gulf Beach Drive (County Rd. XXXX) near the light house.
Home construction setback is approximately 75' forward of the Coastal Construction Control Line. Side property line setbacks are 10'. There is an additional 8'side setback between lots south of Gulf Beach Drive (28' minimum setback between homes). This creates a public easement providing beach access. Front and back setbacks are 25'. Minimum square foot requirements are 1000'.
Residential lot sizes are approximately 1/3 acre in size. Gulf and Bay front lots are approximately 100'x150' and 100'x175'. Interior lots are 90'-100'x150'-175'. Commercial lots range in size from 25'x100' up to 25'x125'.
The East End
The East End is the 2 mile stretch of island starting at 11th Street East and ending at the State Park. The East End was created by way of a sale of 5 acres tracks in the mid 1970's. There are 23 communities within the East End. This area consists of many one acre home sites on the Gulf and Bay. Lot dimensions vary. Beach frontage ranges from 61'-120'. Bay frontage ranges from 85'-115'. There are several properties that extend south from East Gulf Beach Drive to the Gulf and north from East Gulf Beach Drive to the Apalachicola Bay.
Home construction setback is approximately 75' forward of the Coastal Construction Control Line. The most common side and rear property line setbacks are 10' and 25' respectively. Front setbacks differ and are based on lot shape. All setbacks may vary depending on lot shape. Minimum square footage requirements are 1000 square feet. Beach access is deeded or granted via public easement.
This document was reviewed and updated January 2019 by Michael Billings, Licensed REALTOR. Information is deemed accurate and current. Any and all mistakes, oversights, or omissions are unintentional. This document is not an all-inclusive review of building and zoning requirements or limitations and should not be relied upon as such. Prospective buyers should seek the professional advice of a Florida licensed REALTOR and/or an attorney before entering into a Contract For Sale and Purchase of Real Property. | <urn:uuid:44fb9a62-8e25-4a11-8e60-ab55b91aa38a> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 9,500 |
|Woman, 32, dies in I-30 collision
School teacher’s car struck from behind while traffic held up by another accident on interstate
|Kerry Craig | News-Telegram Assistant Editor|
Aug. 6, 2006 -- A Sulphur Springs elementary school teacher died in a multi-vehicle accident of busy Interstate 30 just after 1 p.m. Friday.
Holly Kay White, 32, was pronounced dead at the accident scene by Justice of the Peace Yvonne King. Funeral services are pending with West Oaks Funeral Home.
White, a fourth grade teacher at Travis Elementary School, was reported to have been on the way to meet with friends at Lake Cypress Springs when she encountered a traffic jam caused by an earlier truck accident two miles away.
According to King and State Trooper David Reynolds, traffic was backed up on the interstate while the roadway was being cleared at the site of the first accident near the 143 mile marker of I-30 when the second wreck occurred.
Reynolds said the Ford Mustang White was driving was stopped behind a bob-tail truck when her vehicle was struck from behind by another car. The force of the collision smashed White's Mustang into the rear of the truck in front of her.
The driver of the second car, a Volkswagen, was a 56-year-old Mount Vernon man who was going home from work. He was reported to sustained cuts and bruises in the accident.
Although sheriff's deputies were within two miles of the accident, traffic congestion on the interstate and frontage roads delayed their reaching the scene of the fatal accident. The first officer on the scene immediately called for paramedics and for all available units from the sheriff's office to help with traffic.
The first accident, which involved an 18-wheeler, was reported just after 10 a.m. Friday. The truck apparently had a tire blow out and ran into the center median with portions of the truck and trailer blocking part of both the east and westbound lanes of I-30 at the Franklin County Line.
Damage to the truck resulted in a fuel spill that required an extended period of time to clean up and forced the closure of the interstate, which resulted in the traffic tie-up.
With the interstate blocked by two accidents, traffic was detoured onto U.S. Highway 67, but remained backed up for two miles or more.
As traffic was beginning to unwind on I-30, a third accident was reported on County Road 3524 that resulted in one person being transported to Hopkins County Memorial Hospital by ambulance. Reports indicate both vehicles involved in that wreck were heavily damaged. | <urn:uuid:6d7e05ee-9435-4273-a240-b5ea0ef2ee76> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,527 |
Cryptography is the most indispensable device in the modern cybersecurity toolbox, bar none. It helps organizations protect the confidentiality of their sensitive data by rendering them meaningless to anyone without a secret key (through encryption). It elegantly facilitates secure communication between parties that have never met before (using public key exchange). It is used to check the integrity of messages (by hashing), and at the same time, authenticate and irrevocably link such messages to the person who sent them (signing).
So, what’s the problem? The current set of NIST-approved cryptographic algorithms is quite safe against cybercriminals of the present; however, these algorithms are not safe for the quantum computers used by the criminals of the future.
How Quantum Computers Change the Game
Classical computers make use of the traditional binary state of transistors or silicon circuits, which at any moment are in one of two memory or computational states: one or zero. With only two possible states, a bit can only be used in one calculation at a time. On the other hand, quantum computers—while not yet perfected—make use of subatomic particles that are capable of existing in multiple states simultaneously, therefore representing a seemingly infinite number of values.
Using this phenomenon of superposition, a quantum computer can perform an incredibly large number of calculations simultaneously, called parallelism. While it is not possible to read the outcomes of every calculation, it is possible to read the overall state resulting from all calculations. And armed with a well-designed quantum program logic, all but the desired result can cancel each other out, resulting in an overall state that provides extremely useful information for the quantum computer operator.
Even though the most advanced quantum computer prototypes today can only hold a few dozen quantum bits—or qubits—of data (enough to do very trivial calculations), it is only a matter of time before these computers are able to hold enough information to break even the strongest of today’s asymmetric encryption algorithms.
Designing for Crypto-Agility
The good news is that the smartest cryptographers around the world are already working to solve this problem. In 2012, the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) project was announced to aid in preparation for these inevitable attacks. In 2016, the PQC competition was announced and since last year, the 26 remaining submissions have been undergoing evaluation for recommendation as the next quantum-safe algorithm(s). The PQC expects to release the draft standards in the next two to four years.
So, while quantum computers are still a few years out, so are the algorithms and key management schemes that will solve this problem. Even so, it’s important to begin thinking now about their future impacts to our crypto systems. How can we begin to prepare our systems to quickly meet the challenge of tomorrow’s adversaries?
There are four important things we need to be thinking about when building crypto-agility into our applications and systems for the coming quantum era:
- Data Classifications: What types of data are you encrypting, and how sensitive are those data? Not surprisingly, many organizations use encryption as a panacea without considering the sensitivity of the underlying data.
- Crypto-Period: Once you know the sensitivity of what you are encrypting, ask yourself: Will those data still be sensitive ten years from now? If so, you need to start thinking today about how you’re going to re-encrypt that data using quantum-safe algorithms once they are available. That’s because adversaries can be intercepting that encrypted traffic today, knowing that when they are finally able to decrypt it, it will still have value.
- Timeline: Doing your research, when do you believe a reasonable adversary will have access (and motivation) to use a quantum computer capable of breaking your current encryption? How long will it take you to switch to one of the quantum-safe algorithms?
- Data Stores: Finally, it’s important to keep in mind the data stores that you’re using to store the metadata associated with your current algorithm and key so that you are ready when the time comes to re-encrypt your data using quantum-safe algorithms. The key sizes are going to be much larger, and these algorithms may require additional primitives or parameters which are not as straightforward as those used for current asymmetric standards such as RSA, ECC, DH, ECDH, ECDSA, etc. They’re also likely to use advanced mathematics which may need a lot of metadata to support the larger keys.
There are online resources available, such as https://openquantumsafe.org/, that can give you access to some of the early-selection algorithms. While not yet selected by NIST, these algorithms can help you understand the types of data you will need to be able to support in your post-quantum crypto systems.
Have questions regarding the security of your organization’s encryption capabilities? Give ControlScan a call at 800-825-3301, ext. 2. We’re happy to help. | <urn:uuid:2cb2a3a4-55e4-4968-9adf-a2c7f473c4e3> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 5,111 |
Political infighting costly for Liberals
In the sporting world, there’s a sure sign when things aren’t going well for a team: Players begin to point fingers at their teammates and find fault with decisions made by management. The same holds true for politics, which has become a blood sport in Boundary-Similkameen.
A huge and apparently insurmountable rift has developed between the B.C. Liberal Party and John Slater, the riding’s MLA, along with much of the local party executive. So bitter has the relationship become that Slater has quit the Liberal caucus and vowed to run in the spring election as an independent.
Problems developed when the Liberal party refused to endorse Slater’s candidacy papers that had been filed in September. Party officials would only cite personal issues that would impact Slater’s ability to represent the party. However, whispers and speculation indicated that a drinking problem was behind the Liberals’ decision to oust Slater.
For his part, Slater denies having a problem with alcohol, and by all indications the former Osoyoos mayor remains popular with his constituents.
It is more than a little ironic that Slater claimed the Liberal nomination in 2009 after the party turfed Joe Cardoso. Slater ended up winning that election by just over 800 votes over the NDP’s Lakhvinder Jhaj — a total no doubt made closer by the strong showing of Cardoso, who ran as a Conservative.
Whatever the reason, the party infighting seems almost certain to strip Boundary-Similkameen from the Liberals’ grasp. And with Adrian Dix and the NDP leading handily in all the polls only a few months out from the election, one would expect the Liberals to fight tooth and nail to hang on to every potential path to victory. But the battle now raging in Boundary-Similkameen has made that path a little more narrow. | <urn:uuid:e7a31f99-fcee-4688-bd1f-d763ee04874f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,832 |
Style #Wish are our shortest mink lash. We recommend they are suitable for those with sparse lashes, or those who have never worn false lashes before. the band is very thin making them comfortable for all day wear. Be sure to check the width of the lash and trim accordingly before applying.
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CD and DVD Publication:
Our Rimage publishing/duplication system allows us to provide this all new unique service.
We can automatically print sequential serial numbers on each disc, bar codes and even merge to databases which will then print clients names and addresses on each individual disc (like Word’s mail merge), the possibilities are endless.
- Data storage – automatically print file names on the disc face
- Medical Imaging – store X-rays and MRI’s etc with references and index names or thumbnails printed on the disk
- Photography – automatically prints image references or thumbnails on the disk with the image reference number
We could list pages of endless possibilities for our new Rimage Publishing System, but they are too vast and too numerous to comprehend. The mind boggles with the new era of Publishing technology and it’s possibilities. It reminds me of when the fax, then the internet and then ADSL where first introduced, we couldn’t possibly foresee how it would change our lives forever and the way we do business.
Discuss your ideas and requirements with us and we’ll tell you if we can do it. If we can’t, we’ll put you in touch with someone that can.
Contact us with your requirements to find out more. | <urn:uuid:a4c0c709-debb-4f69-a6c2-5316ea80c80b> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,233 |
التعريف والنظرة العامة
A lymph node is a component of the immune system that serves as a filter to protect the body against harmful substances. They can be found all over the body and in healthy people, they are not usually noticeable or palpable. An enlarged or swollen lymph node typically suggests the presence of a pathologic condition.
A lymph node biopsy is a procedure wherein an entire lymph node or a part of it is extracted and sent to the laboratory to diagnose certain conditions, grade cancer, or to determine if cancer has metastasised to other parts of the body.
من يجب أن يخضع للنتائج المتوقعة
Lymph node biopsy is recommended for patients with:
Enlarged lymph nodes – Enlarged lymph nodes typically suggest the presence of an underlying disease, such as an infection or cancer. A biopsy is often recommended particularly if a myriad of other non-specific symptoms accompany lymph node enlargement, such as حمة, cough, generalised weakness, and weight loss.
Cancer – Lymph node biopsy plays a major role both in the diagnosis and staging of cancer, helping physicians determine the proper course of therapy for cancer patients. In cases of breast cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy can be performed to determine if the disease has spread to the lymphatics.
كيف يتم إجراء العملية؟
A lymph node biopsy is usually a minor surgical procedure performed on an outpatient basis. There are different techniques used for this procedure depending on the severity of the case and the part of the body where the lymph node is taken.
A needle خزعة is the simplest form and uses a syringe with a needle at the end to aspirate cells from the lymph node. This can be performed on both small and large nodes that lie in deep areas, such as the chest. In these cases, some form of imaging technology (such as a CT scan) may be needed as a guide for the physician performing the procedure. The sample is then fixed on a glass slide for review under a microscope.
Compared to a needle biopsy, which only takes samples of a lymph node, an open biopsy involves the removal of the entire lymph node. This technique is ideal for those that are in superficial locations, such as the neck. Because the node is usually accessible, the procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia. A small incision is made over the lymph node so it can be dissected from surrounding tissues and removed. The biopsy site is then closed with sutures and bandage is applied over the wound.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy, on the other hand, is a specialised kind of lymph node biopsy performed in certain cancer patients. A dye or a radioactive tracer is injected into the cancer site to determine and remove the lymph nodes that is closest to the cancer. The node is then sent to a laboratory for further examination.
For patients undergoing surgery for a malignancy, such as lung cancer, lymph nodes near the tumor may also be excised and sent for biopsy to determine the stage of cancer and subsequent treatment (for example, chemotherapy or radiotherapy).
Various kinds of examinations can be performed for the harvested lymph nodes, which are fixed and examined under a microscope to check for specific histopathologic features. For undetermined malignancies, certain immunohistochemical studies can be performed to diagnose the specific type of cancer the patient has. Other studies, such as immunophenotyping and in situ hybridization tests, may also be performed to distinguish cancer subtypes, such as in the case of lymphoma.
المخاطر والمضاعفات المحتملة
Minimal risks are associated with lymph node biopsies. Slight swelling and pain around the biopsy site are normal and usually resolve on their own after a few days. Bleeding is another risk, especially if the lymph nodes are located near blood vessels. When performed properly, a lymph node biopsy will result only in minimal bleeding that stops spontaneously after pressure is applied. Numbness may also occur, especially if the lymph nodes lie close to a nerve but sensation usually returns after several weeks. Infection is another risk but is not commonly encountered. Regular dressing and antibiotic treatment are used to manage these infections.
Burstein HJ, et al. (2011). Malignant tumors of the breast. In VT DeVita Jr et al., eds., DeVita, Hellman and Rosenberg’s Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 9th ed., vol. 3, pp. 1401-1446. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ (2008). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders.
Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
## What is Lymph Node Biopsy: Overview, Benefits, and Expected Results
Lymph node biopsy is a medical procedure to extract a lymph node or a portion of a lymph node for detailed examination, typically to assess the presence of infection, cancer, or other diseases. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body’s immune system and play a crucial role in filtering and combating infections. They are located throughout the body, with clusters found in certain areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin.
**Benefits of Lymph Node Biopsy**
Lymph node biopsy offers several benefits in diagnosing and treating various conditions:
* **Accurate Diagnosis:** It provides a definitive diagnosis for various diseases, including lymphoma, leukemia, and metastatic cancer. Examining the lymph node tissue allows pathologists to determine the type of cells involved and the extent of the disease.
* **Staging of Cancer:** Lymph node biopsy helps stage cancer by assessing the spread of cancerous cells to regional lymph nodes. Accurate staging is essential for determining the appropriate course of treatment and prognosis.
* **Evaluation of Infections:** Lymph node biopsy can help identify the cause of infections, such as bacterial or viral infections. Examining the lymph node tissue aids in isolating the causative microorganisms and guiding appropriate treatment.
* **Assessment of Immune Disorders:** Lymph node biopsy is valuable in evaluating immune system disorders. It helps detect abnormal cell populations, determine the type of immune disorder, and monitor treatment response.
* **Guidance for Treatment:** Results from lymph node biopsy inform treatment decisions for cancer and other diseases. The information gathered guides oncologists, hematologists, and other specialists in selecting the most effective treatment approach.
**Expected Results of Lymph Node Biopsy**
The expected results of a lymph node biopsy depend on the underlying condition being investigated:
* **In Cancer Diagnosis:** If cancer is detected, the results provide critical information about the type, stage, and extent of the disease. This information shapes the treatment plan and helps monitor the response to therapy.
* **In Staging Cancer:** Lymph node biopsy results aid in determining the stage of cancer. A tumor’s stage affects the choice of treatment and prognosis.
* **In Evaluating Infections:** Lymph node biopsy results help identify the responsible microorganisms, enabling targeted antimicrobial therapy and guiding treatment duration.
* **In Immune Disorder Assessment:** The results assist in characterizing immune disorders, directing appropriate treatment, and monitoring disease activity and treatment response.
Lymph node biopsy is a crucial procedure in the diagnosis and management of a range of diseases, including cancer, infections, and immune disorders. It provides valuable information for accurate diagnosis, staging of cancer, assessment of infections, and evaluation of immune disorders, guiding appropriate treatment decisions and monitoring disease progression and treatment outcomes. | <urn:uuid:f4d34ec9-27c8-4481-af5d-72752b350faa> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 7,806 |
● The attacks were isolated to Touch users and happened over a specific period of time.
● More than $30K worth of cryptocurrency has been stolen
● The attack is most probably targeting Touch’s SS7 firewall
What is going on?
On Sunday, October 26th, while the Lebanese revolutionary protests were raging a number of Touch users took to twitter and WhatsApp groups to convey that they were the victims of active SIM swapping attacks.
SIM swapping attacks (also known as SIM hijacking attacks) are identity theft attacks in which malicious actors get control of a target’s mobile phone number by convincing mobile phone service providers to swap the phone number to a SIM card controlled by the attackers via social engineering or with someone from inside the telecom provider.
What is being hacked into?
Most probable scenario was:
Signalling System No 7 (SS7), which is called Common Channel Signalling System 7 (CCSS7) in the US or Common Channel Interoffice Signaling 7 (CCIS7) in the UK.
The SS7 is a very old system that was invented in 2917 which is used to connect one mobile phone network to another. Most telecom networks accross the world are regularly updating to the newer Diameter protocol which is much more secure. It does not seem that touch made that update.
What does SS7 normally do?
SS7 is a set of protocols allowing phone networks to exchange the information needed for passing calls and text messages between each other and to ensure correct billing. It also allows users on one network to roam on another, such as when traveling in a foreign country.
What can access to SS7 enable hackers to do?
Once they have access to the SS7 system, all a hacker needs is an individual’s phone number and can essentially have access to the same amount of information and snooping capabilities as security services.
In more technical terms, since the SS7 firewall provides authentication IDs for every SIM card on the network (besides the phone number) called the IMEI. When a number is sending or receiving a transmission like an SMS the attacker can make spoof or mimic this authentication.
With access to the SS7 the attackers can transparently change the location of phone number without authentication from the central server as scene in the figure above. In lamen terms they can get access to the phone number’s transmission from anywhere in the world. This also enables them to forward calls, giving them the ability to record or listen in to them. They can also read SMS messages sent between phones, and track the location of a phone using the same system that the phone networks use to help keep a constant service available and deliver phone calls, texts, and data.
Who is affected by the vulnerability?
Should a hacker gain entry to the SS7 system on any number of networks, or if they are used by a law enforcement agency as part of its surveillance, anyone with a Touch SIM card on their phones could be vulnerable.
The risk of surveillance of your average user, given the millions of mobile phone users across that use Touch, is small. Those in a place of power, within organizations or government, could be at risk of targeting, as all that’s required to perform the surveillance is access to the SS7 system and a phone number.
One of the biggest dangers, beyond someone listening to calls and reading text messages, is the interception of two-step verification codes that are often used as a security measure when logging into email accounts or other services sent via text message.
As shown in one of the victim’s email notifications, a number of attempted sign-ins were originating from 220.127.116.11 which is a static IP for Touch’s network.
As per talks on Lebanese whatsapp groups there are supposedly more than $30K worth in unverified amounts of cryptocurrency was stolen from the attack until now.
Two individuals with Touch SIM cards lost their cryptocurrency funds up on popular online wallets and crypto-exchanges. The two individuals were active on the Lebanese cryptocurrency group Atomic Swap. Which explains how the attacker was able to establish that they own digital assets. All the attackers had to do after that is place their phone numbers on a caller identification application like True Caller to receive full names and move on from that to acquiring their Gmail and other account names.
As the victims secured their accounts with SMS, the attackers purportedly reset the password on online accounts and/or request two-factor authentication (2FA) codes that allowed them to bypass security measures. After gaining access to the crypto wallet accounts the thieves were able to quickly sent the funds to other addresses.
A cybersecurity expert and an admin on Atomic Swap attempted to reach out to Touch via email conveying a number of IPs that belonged to attackers, to get an explanation of the situation.
Up until now, there is no response from Touch. However, the expert explained that it’s pretty clear that there can be two possibilities the hijackers could have infiltrated the Touch SMS server: The first is a vulnerability inside Touch’s internal network, and the second could be Touch’s third part data clearinghouse, EDCH, based out of the UAE.
An undisclosed IT source in Touch has confirmed that Touch is still using the old SS7 protocol and has not upgraded to a more secure Diameter Protocol to secure communications on its network.
In all cases, if Touch’s SMS service has been compromised then this, in turn, makes this a national security issue, which could affect politicians, journalists, and major influences. Not to mention that the information acquired from accessing millions of SIM cards could be hoarded and sold to the highest bidder on the dark web.
A Victim During The Attack - His Telegram Under the SMS Login Take-Over while his line not able to register on network :) | <urn:uuid:95283a7e-6c0b-4933-be6b-5e9f1c814aa1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,845 |
Racial profiling and manipulation have been around for a very long time. It has become an issue in contemporary politics, and over 2500 years ago the Greek historian Herodotos wrote that ethnicity was regularly turned to political ends. Cleopatra VII, the last queen of Egypt and a woman of great ability, is often a victim of racial profiling, as today people can be more interested in her racial background than her many accomplishments. Such concerns have recently come to the forefront with the announcement that in at least one of the several Cleopatra movies currently planned, a white (instead of black) actress would play the role of the queen. It is hard to imagine that race would be more important than acting ability, but clearly others disagree.
It has been suggested – although generally not by credible scholarly sources – that Cleopatra was racially black African. To be blunt, there is absolutely no evidence for this, yet it is one of those issues that seems to take on a life of its own despite all indication to the contrary. What follows lays out the evidence for Cleopatra’s racial ancestry, but one must not forget that this is of little importance in assessing the legacy of the queen in world history.
Let us consider exactly the evidence for Cleopatra’s racial background. It’s a little complicated, so do follow closely! She was born in early 69 BC as the descendant of a line of Egyptian kings in a dynasty that went back 250 years. Her ancestor Ptolemy I, a companion of Alexander the Great, founded the dynasty in the late fourth century BC. Ptolemy was Macedonian Greek in origin (he grew up at the royal court of Alexander’s father in Macedonia, the northern part of the Greek peninsula), and established himself as king of Egypt in the convulsive years after Alexander’s death. The descent passed through six successor Ptolemies until it reached Cleopatra’s father. So Cleopatra was no more than eight generations away from being pure Macedonian Greek.
But what about the mothers? Women are always difficult to find, even in royal dynasties, and it is here that questions of her racial background have been raised. For the first six generations the wives of the ruling Ptolemies also came from the same Macedonian background as their husbands. So until the time of Cleopatra’s great-grandfather, the ethnic makeup of the dynasty was still pure Macedonian Greek. In fact two of her ancestors married their sisters, thus reinforcing the Macedonian ethnicity.
It is with Cleopatra’s grandfather that uncertainties develop. Although he had two wives of traditional Macedonian background, he seems to have had at least one concubine of uncertain origin, who may have been Cleopatra’s grandmother. But this is by no means clear, and some sources indicate she was her husband’s sister, and thus pure Macedonian.
Assuming, however, that Cleopatra’s grandmother was not from the traditional Macedonian Greek stem, the question arises as to just what she was. Sources suggest that if she was not Macedonian, she was probably Egyptian. So by the time of Cleopatra’s grandparents, there may have been an Egyptian element in the racial stem.
Cleopatra’s father also had several wives. One was his sister, but again there is evidence that some of his five children had another mother. Yet the geographer Strabo (one of the few contemporary sources for the life of Cleopatra) wrote that all the wives of her father were women of significant status, which rules out any slaves or concubines, and makes it possible that Cleopatra’s mother was of the traditional Macedonian Greek stock. But this may not have been the case, so one may need to look elsewhere for the ethnic background of Cleopatra’s mother. Yet there is only one other ethnic group that produced women of status in contemporary Egypt: the Egyptian religious elite, which in fact had a long history of intermarriage with the Ptolemaic dynasty. So Cleopatra’s mother may have been Egyptian, but she probably also had some Macedonian background.
There are three other matters worthy of consideration. One is that Cleopatra was the only ruler of her dynasty who knew, in addition to her native Greek, the Egyptian language. This suggests close association with an Egyptian speaker, perhaps her mother. Secondly, Cleopatra’s daughter, who became queen of Mauretania (and was mixed ethnically herself, as her father was Roman), honored the Egyptian religious elite at her far-off capital of Mauretanian Caesarea (in modern Algeria). This makes sense if they were part of her ancestral family. And third – especially relevant in demolishing any suggestion that Cleopatra had black African blood – the representations of her in Greek and Roman art and coins do not show anything other than traditional Mediterranean ethnicity, although artists were perfectly capable of showing other ethnic groups.
To sum up: it is quite possible that Cleopatra was pure Macedonian Greek. But it is probable that she had some Egyptian blood, although the amount is uncertain. Certainly it was no more than half, and probably less. The best evidence is that she was three-quarters Macedonian Greek and one-quarter Egyptian. There is no room for anything else, certainly not for any black African blood.
Yet all this argumentation is rather silly. What is important about Cleopatra is that she became one of the most powerful rulers of her era. She was a skilled linguist, a naval commander, an expert administrator, a religious leader who was seen by some as a messianic figure, and a worthy opponent of the Romans. She was worshipped in Egypt for at over 400 years after her death. Race seems irrelevant in such a situation, and it goes without saying that people should be judged by their abilities, not their race. But sadly, even in twenty-first century America, this is far from the case. It is unlikely that Cleopatra cared about her racial makeup, but people over 2000 years later still obsess about it, thus trivializing her accomplishments.
Featured Image Credit: ‘The meeting of Antony and Cleopatra’, by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1885). Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.
[…] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Teresa Rolfe Kravtin, Lauren. Lauren said: Controversy over Cleopatra's true race–but does it matter? http://bit.ly/gH3lvy […]
It is ironic claiming Cleopatra being Macedonian Greek.There is no such thing as Macedonian Greek.Obviously, the Greek friends do follow Greeces historical falsifications as did this writer.It is shameful to say the least an outsider to fabricate true history.To put it in perspective;The City States were under the Macedonian yoke since 338 BC when the Macedonians defeated them at Chaeronea.Their history ceased to exist till 1829.Remember,Macedonia existed before Greece ever did.Greece annexed part of Macedonia in 1913,Never before Macedonia belonged to Greece.
There is no such thing as Macedonian Greek ethnicity for a historian you dont know much Macedonian and Greek are two separate ethnicities and I find it offensive when you refer to this mix, Macedonians are Macedonians stop distorting history, there is no Greek in this elemant whatsoever.
Cleopatra was Macedonian Greek, anyone with a history degree knows ancient Macedonians had a Greek identity and culture or else they wouldn’t have spread Greek culture, identity, language, etc. from one end of the world to the other, and Cleopatra’s native language wouldn’t have been Greek. What’s shameful is to fabricate true history by trying to claim otherwise. CLEOPATRA: look it up, its Greek too and we know in ancient times where passports and identity cards didn’t exist to show one’s ethnic origins their names were used for such things.
Cleopatra was olive toned.
Interesting article, although I too contest the use of the phrase “Macedonian Greek”, although unlike my two learned friends above, I am not motivated by CONTEMPORARY POLITICS (viz. Republic of Macedonia vs Greece over the use of the name)- sticking to a purely ancient historical context here, as is the nature of this text.
The Ancient Greeks had a very good understanding of who were Greek and who were not- there was never a grey area for them. Ancient Macedonians (called ‘Makedons’ by Herodotus and Thucydides) were never considered Greek; stories remain from ancient texts- notably Herodotus- of specific Macedonian kings like Alexander I (Macedon King during the early 5th century) claiming Greek ancestry, from the city-state of Argos I believe. Paraphrasing, he claimed to be:
“A Greek king ruling over a barbarian people”
Herodotus recalls him going over to Greek side before the Battle of Platea (479BC) and giving advice, despite the fact he was fighting with the Persians. He also recalls him participating in the Olympic games- something you had to be Greek to do.
It is likely that Herodotus got most of his sources from Athens, who around the mid fifth-century would have wished to paint the Macedonian KING (as opposed to the general people) as Greek in order to maintain a steady supply of pitch and timber from the Macedonian forests, to maintain their navy. Whenever Athens had no use for the Macedonians, she considered them as barbarous as other tribal people north of Thessaly.
The rhetoric of Demosthenes in the fourth-century certainly painted them as such, although this must be taken with a pinch of salt since he had utter political motives.
The Macedonians that defeated the poleis in 338 at Chaeronea would go on to spread Greek language and traditions over Asia and yes, Egypt…Much like the Romans continued to up to the middle ages. But to class them as “Greek” themselves would be erroneous in my opinion. Although “Macedonians with Hellenistic identity” doesn’t really have such a nice ring to it.
Sorry to waffle, very refreshing article aside from that.
Of course it matters! A white man can easily find hundreds of great white men in the history books. Finding role models and inspiration is more difficult for women, and especially difficult for women of colour. Even I get a little frisson from knowing that Elizabeth I was a redhead like me. I can only try to imagine the psychological impact for a Black woman if one of history’s greatest women, powerful, brilliant, daring, and alluring, was a Black woman like her.
Afer, I would be curious what the evidence is for this. As far as I know there is no evidence whatsoever for Cleopatra’s skin color.
Duane W. Roller
I heard Stacy Schiff suggest (book tour interview with Diane Rehm) that there might have been Persian princess in the bloodline. This makes sense to me, thinking about both the dynastic trend (Egyptian and otherwise) to tie to other ruling dynasties, and in particular the sense of “keep it in the family” (sorry!) between the successors of Alexander.
And for the record, what does “person of color” mean in this context (or any other). Is a ‘classic’ light skinned Egyptian a ‘person of color’? What about a Persian? How much pigmentation is required to get this designation, or is this based on other either ethnic/racial characteristics?
To Kate: Your comments are worthwhile and interesting but really have nothing to do with Cleopatra herself.
To David Emery: If there were any Persian blood, it would be so far back as to be miniscule. Stacy Schiff’s novelistic biography has a good deal of speculation in it. And you’re right that racial designations can degenerate into numbers and statistics, often used for nefarious purposes. Your comments demonstrate in the long run the very point I am trying to make: race doesn’t matter, and is usually used negatively.
It’s hard to disagree with the conclusion of this article — that Cleopatra’s ethnic ancestry is irrelevant to her career and achievements. Though I also think that the original article, while a little over the top, had a fair point to make: there should be no reason, other than acting ability, why Halle Berry or Rashida Jones could not have been cast as Cleopatra. Or Lucy Liu for that matter. But that’s modern politics.
That said, there are a few points in this article which could do with some clarification.
In a couple of places, it uses the phrase “sources suggest” to introduce a theory. This phrase is a little misleading: these sources are modern scholars, not ancient text. No ancient text has anything to say about the identity of either Cleopatra’s mother or her grandmother(s).
Also, Strabo does not say that Cleopatra’s father had multiple wives nor that they were of high status. What he does say is that Cleopatra’s elder sister was their father’s only legitimate daughter — and the accuracy of that statement is disputed.
While it is (most likely) true that Cleopatra spoke Egyptian, it’s a bit of a stretch to infer that this reflects her mother’s influence. She was clearly a skilled linguist, being able to speak 8 or 9 other languages beside — including Hebrew, Troglodytic, and “Ethiopian”. Why is this not evidence that her mother was a Jew? a Troglodyte? Or, indeed, black African?
The theory that Cleopatra’s mother came from the Egyptian religious elite has been used to explain why her legitimacy was not attacked by Roman sources, by scholars who accept the accuracy of Strabo’s statement. But exactly the same theory has been proposed for her father’s mother — to explain why his legitimacy _was_ attacked by Roman sources, even though he was accepted as king in Egypt. In both cases, it is purely speculative. It rests on an earlier marriage (whose existence is also disputed) between a Ptolemaic princess (whose mother is unknown) and a High Priest of Ptah. It is the father of this High Priest who is the most likely subject of the statue found in Algeria.
Cleopatra’s maternal ancestry, regardless of its ethnic makeup, has some relevance to establishing _ancient_ ideas of what constituted dynastic legitimacy. But the argument about whether she was black, like the argument about whether Macedonians were Greeks, is about _modern_ politics. It is tiresome and irrelevant.
I appreciate a scholar of Dr. Bennett’s stature taking the time to make his comments. While I don’t agree with everything he says, he did point out an error of mine in the original entry: it was not Strabo who mentioned the wives of Cleopatra’s father, but an Egyptian priest. Dr. Bennett also points out the confusing nature of the material, and reminded me of another theory, that Cleopatra’s mother was actually the wife of her father, which probably would reduce non-Macedonian ancestry even more.
FYROM propagandists are out in full force it seems. Why they hide their ethnic Bulgarian roots and pretend to be “Macedonians” is beyond me. One would think they would be proud and cherish their own ancestors-instead of trying to oppress their own Bulgarian heritage. Truly bizarre.
“We, the undersigned scholars of Graeco-Roman antiquity, respectfully request that you intervene to clean up some of the historical debris left in southeast Europe by the previous U.S. administration.”
“On November 4, 2004, two days after the re-election of President George W. Bush, his administration unilaterally recognized the “Republic of Macedonia.” This action not only abrogated geographic and historic fact, but it also has unleashed a dangerous epidemic of historical revisionism, of which the most obvious symptom is the misappropriation by the government in Skopje of the most famous of Macedonians, Alexander the Great.”
I have watched the documentary called Cleopatra: Portrait of a Killer and it clearly states that Cleopatra had an African mother they based this theory with the recent discovery of her sister’s Arsinoe bones. If any of you are familiar with the story of Cleopatra becoming queen of Egypt you would know that she had to fight her sister Arsinoe to be restore to her throne. It is in discovering her bones that archaeologist, such as Neil Oliver can gives us an insight into the real Ptolemy destiny. To make matters even better they even have a picture of what they believed she even looked like in real life.
I also viewed the documentary called Cleopatra! Her mother was African, and this is relevent because I will now tell my daughters the TRUTH about Cleopatra. They need to know that this powerful Woman in history ,looked just like US!
P W Botha former Prime Minister of South Africa was also born in Africa and was therefore an African. We also know that he was white, member of the white segregationist elite and of Dutch descent. Just because Cleopatra was born in Africa does not make her black. The historical reality and fact is that she was a Mediterranean Caucasian of Macedonian – Greek stock.
It still detracts from the absolute truth, that ancient Egypt was a black place for a long time with African language, black cultural cues, and black trade and black Pyramid building, the Ptolemys’ didnt build a Pyramid, did they? No. If we focus on the “Eurocentric perspective” of Egypt it comes across as a European enclave and it is this that angers every Black African, already feeling the effects of centuries of discrimination and historical denials and destruction of thier heritage, Credit has been taken away from Black Africans for the Nubian contribution to ancient Egypt, and it is this issue that creates the furore regarding race and ethnicity of a Pharoh dynasty. Black Africans are central to ancient Egyptian culture, they are not a footnote. Egypt is in AFRICA, not Europe, and there is no such thing as a Macedonian Greek, and May I draw your attention to the work of Hilke Thuer who has deduced a strong probability that Cleopatra was MIXED RACE,m through insight into Arsinoes discovered remains.
I don’t think its fair of you to refer to notions that others have raised as “just silly,” the fact is that we have an incomplete picture, why the door has been opened to such much gossip and radical suggestions, its all fair game in the realm of the imagination and personal interpretation, while she was the last Ptolemy to rule Egypt, and therefore had Greek ancestry as well, with 50 to 75 percent of her background a mystery due to her mother and grandmother all of us can only draw speculations, while you are doing some thinking… at the end of the day you too have to speculate about what might have been, and there’s nothing wrong with that. While she might not have had shared some Egyptian or African heritage… she also *might* have, perhaps it was another culture entirely that we haven’t considered yet, its something that nobody can ever prove one way or the other. I also believe you give a lot of extra weight to the way that she is depicted in Greek and Roman artwork, implying that this proves that she could not have been a woman with a background other than Mediterranean. The word that this “demolishes” the idea I found to be especially melodramatic. I am not a historian, but I am an artist by profession, and I think a statement like you made is almost unrealistically literal when it comes to the land of art. Throughout the world, in ever age, it is a human instinct, especially in scenes of some majesty or beauty, heroism to create art that you can identify with, if you look at an image of the Madonna throughout different cultures, be it Egyptian Coptic art, Greek Orthodox, the Renaissance movement or an African-American church, the main figure they want to convey usually is representative of their own culture. I think rather than telling us what Cleopatra actually looked like, an artistic representation, be it in the ancient world or modern, tells us more about the artist who made it, than its subject. If you look at Greek and Roman art to gain knowledge I think the only knowledge that you would come away with is that it was… Greek and Roman art. As a second point to consider, this is by no stretch of the imagination art of any realistic detail, these are beautiful periods, but it is stylized artwork, a coin bearing Cleopatra’s image may not be anymore plausible as a realistic human being than a tapestry or effigy of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in the medieval era would. These are images of a very heightened, almost caricature-like reality, and not irrefutable evidence of what anyone would have actually looked like, often a work like this is barely feasible as a human being, let alone a specific personage. Third I would argue that it is a matter or perception whether or not ancient art portraying Cleopatra could reflect the East or not, The Tetradrachm of Cleopatra of the Syrian mint to me shows a striking woman whose features are not limited to a specific culture, a lady with thick deeply curling hair and bushy eyebrows, a round face with fleshy facial features, slack cheeks, a round skull, a powerful, strong nose, very large beautiful eyes with heavily veiled lids. It is a face as far as I’m concerned that might appear in Europe, or Asia, Africa, Australia, North or South America. While you ask does it really matter, you’ve laid out your argument with such passion and research that it doesn’t seem that it doesn’t matter to you. I think it is something that would be an empowering thing to remember no matter who you are that you are of the people of Queen Cleopatra. If I were British I would be proud to remember Queen Elizabeth as apart of me. If I were Sudanese I would count myself blessed to have been apart of a culture that produced Taharqa. An Egyptian person might find power in remembering Ramses II, we all want heroes whether it is a Greek person remembering Alexander the Great, or a Chinese man or woman remembering where they came from and their talented ancestors like Emperor Taizong of Tang. Whether it was Akbar the Great or Catherine Great, the human race looks to the past for people that they can admire, so with some doubts as to every part of who she was it is not at all surprising that we might want to fill in the blanks and find away to bring Cleopatra even closer to us, whether that is by thinking of her as a black woman or a white woman. There is power in an image of yourself. It is not because people care about color why people propose different theories about Cleopatra’s mixture of cultures… it is because they care about her, it is in deed her intelligence, her charisma, her bravery and her gifts to the world why we remember her… and want to be her.
I always am a bit suspicious when someone says, does knowing the racial ethicity of character in history matters. Especially when the Europeans have gone out of their way to rewrite history to suit their own agenda and esthetic taste. Even the American history and it’s characters have been distorted and it’s not as old as Epypt and Cleopatra.
No one wants to admit in Africa of all places, that Cleopatra had any black African blood. Give me a break. Egyptian blood is black African blood, and they had mixed peoples, too. It’s kind of hard to get away from black blood in Africa. Most dynasties in Egypt hailed from Nubia, modern day Sudan…and Kush…all from Noah’s black son, Ham. So, I’m not convinced that she wasn’t more like a Mariah Carey type. And if you’re talking about her likeness on those coins, that ship won’t float either. Her nose could very well be like that of one of the hostesses on ABC’s The Chew, Carla Hall. Turn her sideways and let an artist go to work, I’m sure you’d get a very similar coin to Cleopatra!
It seems to me that most black people want Cleopatra to be black, and most white people want her to be white, I am a white male in my mid sixties, and I would be happy to find out that Queen Cleopatra the 7th was black.
To keep it simple, her race does matter such as any other powerful figure in our history…..
I feel that her race is important to a certain degree because I come from a culture (Black American) whose historical importance has been methodically denied and erased. The author of this article dismissed the point that Kate made as irrelevant but she her point is absolutely astute. Please watch the documentary “Hidden Colors” and you will understand why it is important to so many to clarify the lineage of great historical figures.
Seems like she was 1/4 black If anything pers call her mixed and stop Being racist on both sides.the history now thinks most ancient egyptians were super tall red heads and blondes so she coulda had a bit of white,black,and greek .
All this talk does indicate that Cleopatras “ethnicity does matter”. Personally I take this theory of mine she was not just of Ptolemaic stock, the Seleucids were also inbred to a certain degree retaining the blood of upame or apame, a Persian princess. Then later, they intermarried with the Persian-Greek Pontic kings strengthening the Persian blood. It was then that the first Cleopatra came. She was a cousin tp the Ptolemy but she was known as his cousin. Obviously after that we know that the ptolemy, the later ptolemies truelying became inbred as well as they were the worst rulers and a series of politics took place. I have no other reason to not believe that cleopatras parents were inbred. StraBos statement makes a firm stand but he does not elaborate. With the inbreeding, Cleopatras Persian heritage is justified to its quantity, she was a quarter to this Theory and looks very much like it. Another justification is that she looks almost exactly like her father implying stronger genes or pure inbreeding though her parents were probably double cousins and double relatives.
ask any copt (modern descendents of egyptians) if they are black and you will get your butt kicked.
Wow. I couldn’t even finish the article. So just because there is no “evidence” she was black African (although there is) she is presumed to be white? And acting ability?? So they couldn’t find a black or brown actress? (They didn’t try to) there were and are plenty of amazing actresses that were more true to cleopatras REAL race that could have given a performance just as if not BETTER. Cleopatra was mixed race, mulatto looking. And the race IS very much important because white people have been portrayed as victors and dominant. Black people are not portrayed this way, and on purpose. White people are always seen as default, when that is not the case. When they portray all powerful historical figures as white, that subliminally send the wrong message. So yes IT DOES MATTER. CLEOPATRA WAS A STRONG BLACK WOMAN.
It matters, it matters.. And to say it doesn’t shows color blind ignorance. Not something to be proud of.. Little girls and women everywhere need to know she was black. I’m sorry but the writer here sounds angry about the true possibility that she was brown or black.
“Macedonian greek”? This does not make any sence: it is Macedonian or greek?
Simple….Macedonians are one kind, Greeks are another they do not co exist. As for morons stating Macedonians are Bulgarian roots seriously if they were Bulgarian they will be called Bulgarian but they are Macedonians. It seems to me Greeks like to put their finger in every historian pie especially if it involves Macedonia. Lets find out what ancient roots they have come from ???
Greeks seem to proclaim everything belongs to them. go figure so ridiculous.
Who cares what color and blood line Cleopatra’s mother is from etc, etc.. she ruled Egypt was their Queen came from a Macedonian Dynasty(Descent)she was clever, highly intelligent, spoke fluently in several languages.
The real battle raging right now is clash of civilizations. We have seen recently, in recent living memory, the slow incremental erosion of Western Culture, Western Civilizational Principles, and Western Civil Societies common understandings of shared common heritage…all of these things eroded intentionally, all in the name multiculturalsim. To accomodate large numbers of outsiders into the West, it was deemed necessary to diminish civilizational principles the host culture was grounded on.
The mindset, to erode (i) Western Culture, (ii) Western Civilizational Principles, (iii) Western Civil Societies common understandings of shared common heritage developed from inside the West itself, in the highest echelons of diplomatic office. Anti-Western fifth-columnist mind-architects, working in positions of influence, advised the Western worlds self-styled Guardian and chief Protector to recognize FYRoM like ‘Republic of Macedonia’ – a provocative anti-Hellenic, anti-Western act.
Macedonians contributed greatly to the development of Western Culture, Western Civilization and Western Civil Societies common understandings of shared common heritage. FYRoM contributed nothing towards these things. Why should South-Slavs benefit from Greek achievements! Blurring the distinction between Macedonians and ex-Yugoslavs intentionally, erodes Western Civil Societies common understandings of shared common heritage…this is the first step towards crumbling the foundations Western Civilization was grounded on – a provocative anti-Western act!
GW Bush was the least educated President of all the Presidents of the United States of America…he needed advice on most matters. The advisors that surrounded him took advantage of his handicap, they issued him poor-quality advice, substandard advice, advice that was academically-flawed…advice that was anti-Hellenic at heart and anti-Western by nature. FYRoM is Paeonia not Macedonia. The peoples there are Slavic not Hellenic. Confusing Paeonia for Macedonia and mistaking ex-Yugoslavs for Macedonians intentionally, are anti-Hellenic acts, anti-Western by extension. The President can excuse and absolve himself but his advisors cannot – they committed crimes against the West that are only now, seen for what they are.
Clash of Civilizations – The West lost it’s way, and in that void, allowed the erosion of Western Culture, Western Civilizational Principles, and Western Civil Societies common understandings of shared common heritage to such a degree that anti-Hellenic, anti-Western 5th Columnists fight to have FYRoM re-labelled from Paeonia to Macedonia, in order to usurp the Macedonian name for sovereign state-name, nationality, language and ethnicity. Afrocentrists fight to have Western Culture re-labelled African. Turkocentrists fight to have Trojan history re-labelled Turan history. But worst from all of these anti-Hellenic causes, is the fight to have the Wests history start from Karalos Magnos – Charlamagne 800 AD, completely erasing Greek and Latin contributions towards Western Civilizations cultural development.
The West did lose it’s way – eroded, damaged but not beyond repair! The Western worlds self-styled Guardian in Chief and Chief Protector is focused like a lazer beam on preservation of Western worlds cultural-historical narrative. Common heritage with clear understanding from whence it began. Western Culture is worth preserving…without it, what do we have, but competing causes trying to erode it!
It does really matter since she’s being bad decipted as a white european woman while she lived an old and distinguished african civilization. Ancient egyptian people descendend from black african tribes and middle east people.
While I agree with Dr. Roller that Kleopatra VII’s
ethnicity is of no importance when considering her achievements and place in history, it obviously did matter to the ancient Romans who often referred to her only as “the Egyptian” in their histories. W.W. Tarn thought this to be merely a term of abuse signifying her non-Roman status. However, a good look at the ancient evidence reveals that this was likely a racial slur.
I find it bewildering that historians have refused to accept Strabo’s comment that Kleopatra’s older sister, Berenike IV, was Ptolemy XII’s only
legitimate daughter using the argument that the Romans never questioned Kleopatra’s legitimacy. Well, they wouldn’t have given the fact that Rome, in the person of Julius Caesar, had placed her firmly on Egypt’s throne following
the Alexandrian War. Octavian, the future Augustus and Caesar’s heir, would have been foolish to ignore this. Furthermore, Strabo, who was a contemporary of these personages, was most likely inferring that Kleopatra wasn’t born of
her father’s sister-wife Kleopatra V Tryphaena.
That Kleopatra had Egyptian blood, and possibly an Egyptian mother, stems from Plutarch’s inference that she was the only Ptolemaic ruler who had learned the Egyptian language. Many view this simply as another example of the linguistic versatility given to her by Plutarch. However, Kleopatra’s eventful and relatively short life makes the number of languages she seems to have mastered more plausible had she been reared speaking a Semitic language, such as ancient Egyptian, along with, of course, Greek.
A funerary stele of one of the high priests of Ptah
at Memphis plus a statue fragment of another found at the site of Caesarea, where Kleopatra’s daughter lived and ruled, illustrates the close relationship between the Ptolemaic rulers and this powerful Memphite priestly family. If Kleopatra’s mother was an Egyptian, she most likely sprang from this influential clan. This raises the possibility that Kleopatra may have spent much of her childhood in the ancient Egyptian capital. Let’s recall that Kleopatra’s relationship with the citizens of the Ptolemaic capital, Alexandria, were always strained whereas that with the native Egyptains was such that they offered to rise up in her defense against the Romans at the very end.
Finally, there are the two most accepted portrait heads of Kleopatra VII which can be used to illustrate how her face and ethnicity were altered to present a particular message to a particular audience. The Vatican head, though missing its nose, is strikingly realistic and probably as close as we’ll ever get to the real Kleopatra. It is a typically Middle Eastern type with a full rounded lower half, large eyes, pendulous lower lip, and
receding chin. The facially complete Berlin head
Hellenizes the same features and thus washes away all traces of the Middle Eastern type. If indeed Kleopatra was of partly Egyptian descent through her mother, the Berlin sculpture would have served to emphasize her Macedonian-Greek blood and her right to rule as a Ptolemy.
The more realistic Vatican head is generally considered a copy of the gilt bronze figure of her that Julius Caesar had placed next to the cult statue of Venus Genetrix in that goddess’ temple
in Rome. There was no need for legitimizing propaganda in that case.
In closing, I’ll only briefly comment on Kleopatra’s skin color by referring those interested to the Fayum mummy portraits which provide a range of possibilities. She certainly wasn’t black. The Romans would have had a field day trumpeting that. Instead, they referred to her as “the Egyptian.”
The Bible is a history of blacks and all you so call scholars know this is true from Adam to Jesus stop the madness Euro- Trash
You people are notorious for trying to take my ancestors great achievements and over shadow them with ridiculous conclusions based on non circumstantial evidence. So might i proudly as a black man, yes it matters and yes she was of African decent.
My people are Native American, and just as America was stolen from us and inhabited by the white man, which eventually evolved mixing of blood, the same occurred in Egypt. Just like the “Americans” today are not native.historically, nor are the Egyptians who inhabit Egypt today
It seems…as I read this…the author is truly stuck on the notion of proving that Cleopatra was not black…the question has always been was she White, Black, Greek or Egyptian …when I hear that question I laugh because as a Black woman I reminisce on my life and how I was always taught about Egypt as if it existed on its on axis or something when In fact Eygpt is African…and how the powers that be have tried to separate Egypt from Africa. And doing so is like trying to separate Trenton from NJ as if the two exist alone. Egyptians of the past are not and did not look like Egyptians of today (which are in fact of Arab descent) The famous Egptians or Africans I should say, we’re most likely as black as my beautiful skin. And when I here the question, was Cleopatra Egyptian, is funny because it’s a way of not acknowledging Africa at all. Does it matter if she was White or Black…because we know she wasn’t Asian…yes. And it matters greatly because there seems to be a force that wants to prove she wasn’t Black or African. I have the common sense to know why history has tried to hide the identity of her mother. Maybe because she was as African (Egyptian) as my enslaved great great, grandparents, but you decide! Lol I’m just sayin!
Um… Mediterranean/Greek does not equal white… Their skin tone/ethnicity whatever is closer to that of middle eastern people than anything else… Not Caucasian in the least.
I have noticed that race never seems to matter when a noted individual is deemed an ethnicity other than White. So, when in doubt, the race of the individual defaults to White. If it does not matter, why are the individuals not depicted as as a hue other than White? Why the natural default to White? It is bull when people say race does not matter. If it didn’t matter Julius Caesar could be depicted as Indian, Chinese or Nigerian. In that case, people would say that it is historically inaccurate. When it comes to Cleopatra or Hannibal, it just doesn’t matter. Which only goes to show that it definitely matters to those in power. Guess what, it also matters to people who have little representation in history books because people (especially young children) need to feel as though their ethnicity (which is inclusive of culture) MATTERS. All people need to know what role their ancestors played in history. Bottom line, as historians, accuracy matters. PERIOD.
Also, check out the BBC’s findings: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/also_in_the_news/7945333.stm.
Maybe you will believe these credible, White archaeologists.
I find it interesting that when white women are always celebrated in this racist country, and the mere fact that Cleopatra was black and considered the most beautiful woman,leaves a bitter taste in the mouths of a biased European society. Egypt was eventually ruled by the Hitites, which were African Americans. Because racism such a soulish part of this country,you would rather knock of the noses of great Egyptian statues so no one would know they were african,and say that it could not be possible that one of the most beautiful women in the world was African..check your history…every race in the world was generated from the womb of an African woman…why do you think all races have African DNA?
whites are always claim jumping Black history and figures. I would suggest you johnny come latelys to youtube Dr Ben jochannan and dr Henrik Clarke.
whites are culture robbers.
This article is trash… Yes it matters…the race and ethnicity of Cleopatra is essential to her legacy. Im guessing whoever wrote this is white. Clearly. To say “Does it even matter” is ignorant.
The tone of this article is exceedingly condescending, and I take issue with much of what was written. However, this statement is ridiculous:
“all the wives of her father were women of significant status, which rules out any slaves or concubines, and makes it possible that Cleopatra’s mother was of the traditional Macedonian Greek stock.”
You’re implying that she could not have had “black” ancestry under this scenario because her father married a woman of status (not a slave or concubine). I think this goes to the heart of why your tone and conclusions are so offensive to people. Since you’re an historian, I shouldn’t have to point out to you that there were many women of status on the continent of Africa and throughout history who were “black.” Nor should I have to point out to you that not all slaves are black. Your logic is faulty and therefore your conclusions are flawed.
Furthermore, and as others have pointed out, it DOES matter, since European white men have made it their life’s work to hijack the history of other racial groups, while simultaneously denigrating them in the process.
Doesn’t really give me the information I need.
Plot twist- Cleopatra was nor Greek, nor Macedonian, nor Black African, nor Egyptian, nor Macedonian Greek (whatever that is).
I agree that Cleopatra was more than likely of a mixed heritage. But it’s been proven over and over again that the Egyptians were African(Black) scientifically, biblically and historically. So to say that she was part Egyptian but not black is a contradiction. Even the Greeks were a darker skin white people, just look at Greeks today, they are more olive skinned than pale skinned. So if you mix olive skinned with African than you’re looking at someone that was a person of color.
Ugh, is this what they are teaching in universities? White people are culture vultures. They have no real culture of their own. What they do have is bits and pieces of what they stole from other races and repackaged as their own. They are still doing it today. Look at rap/hip hop and yoga. In 50 years they’ll be saying they invented it. In 100 years they’ll claim Martin Luther King Jr. was white and that blacks enslaved them! They are a ridiculous bunch of people and I’m glad people are starting to wake up to their crazy antics.
If she were mixed you would need a Black American actress to play her. The problem is that Americans call all people who could play a mixed character ‘black’.
Writer-A little more attention to nuance in the modern political argument goes a long way.
it matters if you believe in facts and historical accuracy. The author made this comment ” It is hard to imagine that race would be more important than acting ability, but clearly others disagree” — then why not cast Cleopatra with a male actor if historical facts don’t matter.
“The best evidence is that she was three-quarters Macedonian Greek and one-quarter Egyptian.” According to our American one drop rule, that makes her black. Maybe saying that it doesn’t matter means that it doesn’t matter to you? but I think that it does matter in the larger world outside of you.
This article has so much racist undertone. This is how I know she was a black women. White peoples own ignorance makes it easy to decipher their bs. ” slaves or concubines” being used to describe Africans. Smh so in order for her to black her father had to have slept with a slave? Smdh. But slavery wasn’t about race tho?? Y’all see the ignorance and hypocrisies.? Black people don’t fall for the lies and stop watching anything with false depiction of the people of your homeland. Let them continue living in lala land.
The argument that Mr. Roller adopts that the race of the figure does not matter, only their accomplishments, is purely idiotic. Any real historian, or scholar of any sort, is interested in knowing about the subjects of his or her discipline in entirety, not just what they accomplished. This kind of short-sighted “what good is it to me” perspective is shameful for anyone claiming to have a true interest in knowledge and a respect for their field. If Mr. Roller were truly interested in Cleopatra, or any other historical figure, with the high-minded ideals that he presumes to find lacking in others, he would care to know her for her accomplishments, for her impact, for her beliefs, AND for her physical characteristics, along with whatever other truths about her could possibly be discovered.
Heck, this article doesn’t even make sense by its own limited argument. Mr. Roller emphasizes how important it is to consider Cleopatra’s accomplishments and legacy over all else. Yet among her many accomplishments, and arguably the one for which she is most commonly known, was her great beauty and, relevant to Mr. Roller’s perspective, her ability to use that beauty as a tool to manipulate powerful figures like Julius Caesar. That aspect of her accomplishments had real, significant results that greatly influenced world events of her time; certainly Mr. Roller would thus have to admit that Cleopatra’s physical beauty, and her ability to use it, is a necessary component of understanding her accomplishments. As such, it would only make sense to possess and encourage some interest in knowing the details of Cleopatra’s appearance, including her race, since that is a primary detail of one of her accomplishments that Mr. Roller cares about so mightily. After all, if one were interested in the details of Cleopatra’s naval command, one would naturally wish to know just what kind of naval vessels she commanded; if one were interested in the details of Cleopatra’s expert administration, one would naturally wish to know what successful policies she enacted. So in summary, Cleopatra’s ability to use her beauty as a tool, even a weapon, had a strong and positive enough impact on her nation’s affairs that one must see it as an accomplishment, Mr. Roller thinks that she should be known only for her accomplishments, and having a complete knowledge of her beauty-as-a-tool accomplishment would only naturally involve a strong understanding of her physical appearance, of which her race is most definitely a necessary component.
Bad show, Duane Roller. Your holier-than-thou attitude toward natural curiosity in a historical figure only makes you look the poorer a scholar, and your miserly disapproval of what knowledge others seek out, rather than simply applauding others for seeking knowledge at all, is not even consistent within its own dim and under-considered reasoning.
Yes it does matter. Maybe you’ve never been the victim of racism, and maybe nobody has never put you down or lost faith in you because of your skin color, but for many colored people it is difficult to find a role model. Many are lead to believe that we cannot be strong or smart as a white person, because we’ve never been represented as such.
If Cleopatra was colored, and our actors are white, it frickin matters. This says that a colored person is better portrayed by a white person, because apparently we can’t even portray our own color.
Cleopatra was a brilliant and amazing woman. She is the kind of role model young children who are ashamed of their race and/or sex need to have.
Stop supporting black face, thank you.
Stop getting butthurt over the term “Macedonian Greek”. Ancient Macedonia was located almost purely in the modern Greek province of Macedonia, the people their spoke Greek, and they were ethnically Greek. People from the Republic of “Macedonia” attempted to steal this ethnic heritage themselves, even though they are in fact Slavs with no genetic or ethnic relationship to the ancient Macedonian.
“” slaves or concubines” being used to describe Africans. Smh so in order for her to black her father had to have slept with a slave? Smdh. But slavery wasn’t about race tho?? Y’all see the ignorance and hypocrisies.?”
They were slaves or concubines because the Macedonians ruled Egypt as a racist upper class and gave the native Egyptians little control over their own affairs, reducing them to slavery and serfdom. As there were virtually no black africans in Egypt, she definitely wasn’t a black African.
““The best evidence is that she was three-quarters Macedonian Greek and one-quarter Egyptian.” According to our American one drop rule, that makes her black. Maybe saying that it doesn’t matter means that it doesn’t matter to you? but I think that it does matter in the larger world outside of you.”
Except Egyptians aren’t black anyway! Even if she was part Egyptian, she’s not part black. Stop ASSUMING that everyone born in Africa is black, that’s never been the case!
“But it’s been proven over and over again that the Egyptians were African(Black) scientifically, biblically and historically. So to say that she was part Egyptian but not black is a contradiction. Even the Greeks were a darker skin white people, just look at Greeks today, they are more olive skinned than pale skinned. So if you mix olive skinned with African than you’re looking at someone that was a person of color.”
That’s never been proven. Stop appropriating the heritage of modern Egyptians by declaring that they had no relation to their ancestors, it’s insulting and racist to Egyptians for you to appropriate their heritage this way for your own racial group.
“As for morons stating Macedonians are Bulgarian roots seriously if they were Bulgarian they will be called Bulgarian but they are Macedonians.”
“Macedonians” are Bulgarians who call themselves “Macedonian”. True Macedonians come from the Greek province of Macedonia, which is at the same location as ancient Macedonia.
“and there is no such thing as a Macedonian Greek”
Macedonian Greek: a Greek from the Greek province of Macedonia.
“ask any copt (modern descendents of egyptians) if they are black and you will get your butt kicked.”
Copts have no more right to the heritage of ancient Egypt than Muslim Egyptians. Muslim Egyptians and Copts are both descendants of Ancient Egyptians, they just converted to different religions (actually Muslim Egyptians converted to Christianity first and then Islam later, Copts never converted to Islam).
I think you should look up the portrait of Cleopatra painted by Michelangelo in 1534 she is portrayed as a woman of mixed ethnicity. There has also been research carried out on the skeleton of her mother with results showing the skeleton to be of African decent. The information is all there you just have to get it from the right sources. Race matters in the case of recognising Cleopatra for her achievements, if she was mixed or of African decent than it portraying her as a white woman would almost seem like an insult or a cover up of a very successful African woman. Perhaps that is why this topic is extremely controversial…
Look at the images of Nefertiti they show a woman of a much darker complexion similar to the people of East Africa
@Rudy Garcia, sorry but you have the “logic” of a 10 year-old “student”.
I can’t believe what I am reading! CLEOPATRA WAS CHOCOLATE DARK!!! VERY DARK!! Egyptian people just became light skinned over the last 800-1000 years!! That is very dumb to think that a Greek was in control of an African Country! DO YOU THINK IT COULD HAPPEN NOW?? Well what makes you think it could happen then!?? THINK!!!! Adding to that Greek people came from Africa to thru migration! Greece!!!! Know real history!!!! The real history! It’s amazing that even today lies are still being told… Look at the time fram draw a time line…sometime scholars are the dumbest.. They really are!
Others who have been lied on…
Edgar Allen Poe
Ceaser was a African
The people of Greece were African
Original invaded by African Vikings the original Vikings!!!
So many more… You have to realize the people with the power had control.. To put out the images that wanted to.. Even the pope admitted to changing faces and images!
Since my original comment of October 25, 2014, I have occasionally returned to this site to see if anyone of intelligence and education has contributed anything valuable regarding this most fascinating of historical figures. The majority of the posts here come from hysterical whiners who just believe what they want to believe no matter what the facts are. I feel sorry for Dr. Roller because he’s written one of the very best biographies of Kleopatra VII that I’ve
ever read. By the way, I read my first children’s book about her at age six. The was fifty-four years ago. Since then, I continued to read everything in the English language on her that I could lay my hands on. Most of it was the sort of
popular rubbish masking as history that one sees on television today. I learned that I had to go back to the ancient sources which in this case are the histories written by Plutarch, Dio Cassius, Strabo and others. So, I think that I’ve
acquired a certain authority regarding Kleopatra
which justifies my comments here despite the fact that I’m not a professional academic.
Within my meager financial means, I’ve also managed to assemble a nice little collection of ancient coins minted by Kleopatra which bear her official image. These are the only extant likenesses of her which bear her name. Thus, it is through them that scholars have been able to identify three ancient portrait heads as representing her. I’ve already commented on two of them here in my previous post. As for the statues in the Egyptian style, there are none that can be definitely assigned to her as none bear her name and distinctive titles. The triple uraeus
which one scholar attempted put forward as an attribute unique to Kleopatra VII most likely was utilized to identify powerful queens of the dynasty who bore the title Female Horus. Two of the cobras represent the traditional title of Lady of the Two Lands while the third is the Eye of Re
which adorns the crown of Pharaoh. More than a few Ptolemaic queens, including Kleopatra VII, are designated Female Horus on the extant monuments. Other attempts to identify certain Egyptian statues as Kleopatra VII based on style carry little weight as there are not enough Ptolemaic royal statues which have survived nor known find spots to indicate any sort of stylistic development.
I will close by making a statement that will certainly ruffle a lot of feathers. This being that the Afrocentric view of history is as prejudiced and misguided as the Eurocentric one. Kleopatra
belongs to all of us regardless of ethnicity because we are one humanity.
It sees important to know her ethnicity is important for those who want to show a great black african leader and female and that was in charge of a great african country. So no it does not take away from her in historical perspective, only enhances it more.
It definitely does matter what Cleopatra’s true racial background was. If she was black, she should be represented as black. Let’s consider that an actor is black, Asian, or otherwise anything that is obviously not olive skinned or white. Now let us say this actor plays the role the best and is therefor casted as Caesar or President Lincoln. People would be outraged. There’s a deeper reasons that people are upset that Cleopatra is represented as white. For years society has always ‘white washed’ history.
Now for historical reasons it is also important to be able to identify figures as Caesar, President Lincoln, and Cleopatra as they really were. Even if it goes against what we have believed in years.
The fact that the writer of this “article” would even infer that an Egyptian is a non “Black African” reduces this to utter nonsense for me sorry. I know what has been done to distort and destroy AFRICAN history. I emphasize African because you seem to think that Egypt is not a part of the continent and more like a small town in Sweden.
Cleopatra WASN’T Hellenic she was MAKEDONIAN so i think you should stop calling
her Makedonian Greek because she isn’t gonna
be happy and satisfied .
First sign that this author didn’t know what he was talking about: the title.
Second sign: referring to the possibility of Egyptian heritage but asserting there’s no way she’s a black African.
Let me just touch on the first briefly, because it seems most people know that yes, it matters in many different ways, especially with the extensive white-washing of history to take away our accomplishments.
Now for the second: Egypt is a country in the continent of Africa. Therefore, Egyptian is African. Now, even if she were pure Egyptian, there is a large possibility she would possess a lighter skin tone, as is common in Egyptians. Even if she was mixed with Greek and Egyptian, she would still have a darker-than-Caucasian skin tone. However, given how little the author knew about Greece and Macedonia, I’m not too inclined to believe anything the author wrote.
Until further evidence comes to prove her ethnicity one way or the other, she was the last EGYPTIAN queen and therefore shouldn’t be portrayed as a Caucasian-skinned woman.
Why is it so difficult to think that Cleopatra’s mother was Cleopatra VI? It would seem logical that she would be the mother, since we have no evidence to the contrary. In short, have evidence of who her mother is, rather than speculation without warrant.
so she is not black im a little disappointed because there isn’t really any credit for African americans or Africans there are a lot of books about Europeans or pioneer americans but I do love your story your a great writer sorry if I did not put it into the right words im trying my best
ok I read a lot of the comments and I agree with a lot of you that she was in fact black egypt is in Africa how could she be pale in Africa it could be true that was greek I don’t know but I will figure out
ok I read a lot of the comments and I agree with a lot of you
I am bewildered by the amount of uneducated posts on this site. People believe what they wish out of emotion and not fact. The most educated post on this article is from Nick the Greek. His post was factual and correct. Cleopatra was Macedonian Greek.
@Mb, @author and all you other Macedonian Greek, Egyptian =non-African black blood idiots……….. you’re white huh.
For all you people who believe the Egyptians were not black. Just Google Ramses 3. And amarna mummies DNA. You’ll find out. Ramses e1b1a.
You sound like a typical cacausoid trying to explain away the obvious. At a time when many cultures were conquering others, absolutely without a doubt Cleopatra VII would have been concerned about her own culture, ethnicity, and country and homeland…it was what she fought so hard to preserve! For the record dearest, Egypt is Black Africa and so was Cleopatra!
Just like the apostle Paul was a Roman because he was born at a time when Rome had conquered Jerusalem, giving him Roman citizenship doesn’t mean he was a cacausoid Roman.
Likewise, Ptolemy I Soter wasn’t necessarily of Greek descent simply because he was born in Greece or under its providence.
But in case you have lived under a rock, by the standards of your own people…one drop of Black African Negroid Blood makes you Negro!
You need to read my Post: “Whitewashing Cleopatra, Egypt, & Black History” This is the reason why we care what ethnicity Cleopatra is/was, to reveal TRUTH that Euro-America worked so hard to cover up!
You imply she was not African, because he didn’t have concubines, or slave’s?!!!!!! If you knew history like you claimed ,you would know almost every race was enslaved, @ some point. She was not European like you like to portray her.You claim it doesn’t matter, but you go to extreme measures to point out she is so called pure white, put your klan suite away
Roller, you are a fool!! The sooner you leave this earth the better off everyone will be. You are a fake historian getting paid as some kind of scholar. Univ. of Ohio is dumb and providing you with “white privilege”. You all will answer for your lies and deception!!
I don’t think that she is greek and why does all the important people in history have to be white
yah this article sucks barely any info
[…] was purely Macedonian, so any actress to play her should be of Caucasian descent. But although the Ptolemaic dynasty was Macedonian originally, we don’t know the identity of Cleo’s mom for sure, so the queen could have […]
I would say it does matter. That is a strange thing for a historian to dismiss.Would you accept a black man playing Caesar? Also, that fact that you state almost conclusively that she was NOT black is very questionable. You do realize that Egypt is on a continent mostly filled with people of color? You do realize that black people have the most varied skin tones and phenotype. Like someone said she could have looked like Carla Hall to Beyonce to Rashida Jones. For all we know Cleopatra was a woman of color. Also, the Egyptians did not depict themselves as white as we see it today so having a modern white actress play an ancient Egyptian is not accurate in the least the proof is on the walls. It is very illogical to think that after 250 years on the African continent the Ptolemies weren’t heavily influenced by Egyptian culture. Saying Cleopatra is more “Macedonian Greek” than African after 8 generations is like saying an American several generations removed from their European ancestors is more British than American. Also, they called her the “Egyptian” signifying her otherness and most likely she was a shade darker than the olive tone Romans.
It is disappointing to see the same old inaccuracies being perpetrated by Afrocentricts. There is no evidence whatsoever that Cleopatra had any “black African” or even Native Egyptian ancestry. The whole idea is based on wild supposition and misinformation. We do know however that she was of Macedonian ancestry and that intermarriage was practiced throughout the reign of the Ptolemies. We also have the coin portraits and a few authenticated portrait busts of Cleopatra that do not indicate anything other than a European/Macedonian heritage. In Ptolemaic society Native Egyptians were forbidden from holding positions in public office, government and had limited rights. There were even separate law courts for Native Egyptians and Greco-Egyptians. What really is truely shameful is how Afrocentrists have attempted to appropriate Ancient Egyptian history and also to deny modern day Egyptians their cultural heritage by dismissing them as “Arab invaders”. It has been proven that modern day Egyptians share the same DNA markers as Ancient Egyptian. Coptic Egyptians in particular can trace a direct lineage to the Ancients, linguisticly and culturally.
Ignorant people want to turn every human who steps into Egypt into a Sub-Saharan African. Please stop it, this stuff shouldn’t matter because history is pointless when you’re trying to pay your bills and take care of your family. I just let the whiners argue about a Macedonian being different from a Greek. Who cares? They were both Mediterranean and I’m sure they were a lot closer to each other in DNA than they were to an Egyptian.
Stop whining so much over things that don’t impact your life, you’re causing stress hormones to be released in your body.
Cleopatra was Greek from Macedon, with heritage to match. To know Greeks, is to know their history…
Greeks since the beginning, have been a seafaring International peoples, consequently Greeks met, (married) and intermingled with a great many ‘other’ peoples.
Greeks are said to be “cousins” to a wide variety of ‘other’ peoples on that basis.
The Greek character having formed over millennia, can be summarized as being multi-layered and multifaceted.
Most people would consider Greek peoples as being Mediterranean first and foremost, but there is more.
1- Mediterranean: Greeks could be clustered together with Italians, Maltese, Spaniards, Portuguese, and to a lesser extent the French, within the framework of a greater Graeco-Roman civilization.
2- Western European: since, in the West, Greece is considered to be the cradle of Western civilization.
3- Eastern European: since Greeks baptized Christianized and civilized the Slavic Tribes into Greek culture and (Eastern) Orthodox Religion of Byzantium.
4- Near and Middle Eastern: since the Greek expansion into Asia-Minor and Asia proper, ensured prolonged ties with Eastern cultures.
5- Balkanian: Greeks are not comfortable with this term. Greeks prefer the term ‘Haemus Native’ – anyway, a Balkan identity similar to that of Albanians, Serbians, Bulgarians, Romanians, does exist. There are common elements, contributions from the Eastern Roman Empire and from the Ottoman Empire. All of this bears testament to shared common heritage between Greeks and ‘other’ peoples in closest proximity to them.
Greeks have always been international peoples since time immemorial. The Greek Character is multi-layered and multifaceted, drawing in embedded experiences from five different geographical locations
The Greeks were never restricted to one location or one particular country, there were no countries with fixed border’s in ancient times. From the river Ibro in the West to the river Evros in the East – That space in between is Greek concept Evropi.
Greece in ancient times could be visualized spanning from the far West of [Iberia] Spain to as far East as [Colchis] Georgia. There was never a country called ‘Greece’ in ancient times, instead there were many Greeks inhabiting many regions of Evropi.
What surprises me is not the fact that Cleopatra could have been Macedonian Greek (I’m not arguing that – it seems logical) but rather the way so many people are quick to point out the faults of others with a scholarly background. Oxford, really? Can you not just respect the authority here and commend him for all his hard work and thank him for sharing it? We really need to learn to give credit where credit is due and cease ridicule and reprimand on a whim.
Yes, I think Duane Roller believes that the portrayal of Jesus is true I bet. He sees no significance of the white Hollywood industry stealing the greatness of people of color. “Woolly hair?” I guess Mr. Roller thinks there is no intended deception in transferring racial truth to gratify Whites.
I’ve have read a lot of post. Pro and con but what send to be the focal point is that all that had been discussed took place in the mother land of Africa which is the birth place of humanity. The first law of thermo dynamics is that the hotter can go to the colder but the colder can not go to the hotter.
A philosopher whose name evades me, and I paraphrase, said that by reasoning of infinite regression all things return to its origin. With these statements being said, the point that I’m addressing is that the origin of mankind begin in Africa which is the mother land. Africans are originally described according the features of the black people’s on this planet earth. If this premises is true then where did white people/Caucasian derive. Did they just magically appear within the last 5000 years to rule the earth and distort history?
According to thermodynamics hot can become cold but cold can’t become hot and the statement by a philosopher that says by reasoning of infinite regression things return to its natural state. If blacks were to assimilate into the world by reasoning of infinite regression all things would return to its origin state which was black. Because black and white does not beget white but black and white begets black. The colder can’t become hot but the hot can become cold.
Why should the history of the black people be relegated to unimportant as long as it’s represented by a white person. If race doesn’t matter then why not let history be portrayed as authentically as possible by using the people during that period to justify the race.
What about this: Metro Golden Meyer presents an epic film displaying an historical accomplishment of struggles for freedom in the sixties by Dr. Martin Luther King played by Tom Cruise.
Does race matter or just the accomplishment?
Do some research on other Pharos and find Ramesesit was pale skin and red hair. Other research shows Libyan/Egyptians were all white. Caucasians in fact were native to Northern Africa. Black Africans more comm on in central Africa.
Only during a period lasting 100 years did you see Black Nubian who overran Egypt, not the 3500 years some claim. Fact is there are no and have never been great black Empires in Africa as some like. What you never had, some steel.
TO SUGGEST THAT BLACKS WERE ONLY SLAVES BACK THEN WOULD BE RACIAL. WE WERE KINGS AND QUEENS BEFORE AND AFTER CHRIST. IN FACT ONE OF THE KINGS THAT WAS THERE FOR JESUS BIRTH WAS BLACK. PEOPLE LIKE YOU ALLWAYS WANT TO MAKE US LOOK LESS BY YOUR STANDERS. GET OVER IT WE COME FROM ROYALTY. YOU KNOW NOTHING ABOUT OUR HISTORY EXCEPT BY WHAT YOU WERE TOLD.
Macedonians and Greeks , who cares ? Is that what you idiots got out of this essay. The point was being made that cleopatra likely did not have black African blood. Nobody can say anything these days without people coming out of left field to cry about something, get real.
The Afrocentrists want ancient Cleopatra to be black because they are identity thieves. It appears they love stealing the identity of people using false information in the past and in the present. They do it with DNA all the time. I’ve seen in the comments above someone saying that Cleopatra was “mixed” or “Mulatto” in appearance but still credit it to a black woman. They (and others) apparently love this lie. It makes them happy to dismiss the actual physical appearance of Cleopatra and just go with the ‘black’ label to satisfy their need to build a history for themselves. The person is stating that Cleopatra is mixed or mulatto but dismiss entirely the other peoples that pass genetic information. The “black” label is tossed and it is expected that reasonable people should just stand back and accept the afrocentrist’s unintelligent thinking system. Identity thieves indeed.
While I do not know the exact racial profile of Cleopatra (no one does), to know how the Egyptians thought about their skin color, just look at their paintings. The Egyptians identified as brown. In the same paintings, you can see them represent Nubians as black. In fact, they represent themselves in a variety of shades . . . in the same painting.
This makes sense as Egypt’s history is very long and included many conquered people that were brought back as slaves who were then integrated into society. This includes Nubians (who were represented as black) who also ruled Egypt for a time. But it also includes many other people. And it includes the people that Egyptians thought of Egyptian, and they were represented as brown.
If you want to know what the ancient Egyptians thought of their skin tone, just look at how ancient Egyptians represented themselves. That gives you your answer.
The question of “whether race matters or not” and that of “remembering an individual for her achievements rather than her race” are two different things and don’t really have anything to do with each other. We don’t remember people because of their skin colours but because of their achievements. Saying that determining the ethnicity of Cleopatra diminishes her reputation as a great monarch is just immature and doesn’t make any sense. Cleopatra could’ve been of any skin colour and she would’ve been just as popular.
This doesn’t mean that it’s not important to determine the skin colours of important people, given the history of segregation of people on account of their skin colour through centuries. Whenever we need to assign a skin colour to a person, it almost always is white by default. For example, Jesus has been proved to be of Mediterranean descent and to have facial features and skin colour accordingly, and yet, he is always depicted as a Caucasian even to this day. There are and have been plenty of non-Caucasian actors who would give Caucasian actors a run for their money, and yet, non-Caucasian characters are still regularly played by Caucasian actors, like in the recent film “Exodus” and in “Gandhi”, not to mention Queen Cleopatra herself in multiple movies. These acts give viewers the feeling that the European standard of Caucasian beauty is still considered to be better than and a measuring stick for beauty across all cultures and comes off as xenophobic.
The European culture is already infamous for centuries of imperialism and acts of cruelty towards other cultures (the imperialism was so far-reaching that most of the world still uses British grammar, with the exception of America).
Racial discrimination is still a problem in this day and age. I’m from India and even though I have met and befriended some really great people who happen to be Caucasian, I’ve also come across other Caucasians who have ridiculed and belittled me even before actually seeing my face just on the grounds of being from a culture they don’t understand. I have seen many non-Caucasians being bullied just because of the colour of their skin, but never a Caucasian.
I’m assuming the writer of this article is a Caucasian who has never had to face these things, and therefore, can afford the luxury of not caring about the ethnicity of someone. The reason we want to know about the ethnicity of people we admire is not because we don’t care about their achievements, but it’s precisely the reason we want to know it: we admire the achievements of Cleopatra, and that is precisely the reason we want to know the real her, skin colour and everything. It is so that when we imagine her sitting on a throne and going over battle strategies, we don’t make the same mistake we did with Jesus – so that instead of imagining a Caucasian Elizabeth Taylor dressed up as an Egyptian queen like a Halloween costume, we imagine an actual queen who successfully ruled her people and charmed Roman emperors with her immense intelligence and wit.
Egyptians are brown not black….I thought black people came in a variety of shades…..
Wow Doel. I’m impressed. That was a very astute analysis of you. Bravo.
Even article claims there was blood tie to Greeks, now we know all people genetics in the world are mixed, there is no pure ethnicity now and before (10,000 year ago). OK, the article is extensive discussion by using legends. But some articles have much effort to show particularly Cleopatra as a complete executive of Greek culture and institution; in general aggrandize the Greek civilization. This fact is always obvious, we see it all European’s attitudes because you see an article that is trying to support 2500 year case with some paintings that was figured white people only 400 year ago. Please in this age use genetic studies to talk about ethnicity. If you want to talk about civilization, as you say race should be irrelevant, of course and please refer to before Greeks which were utilised by. Egypt is one of the advanced civilization in human history to teach many things all of us. Otherwise, Alexandria library was not built in Egypt and it wasn’t an oasis of the philosophers.
CLEOPATRA was an African and a Pharoah of EGYPT. And she was EBONY and TAN in color. My wonderful father TAUGHT me Black history because it wasn’t taught in the schools. After years of being told that your people are nothing and come from nothing it is so refeshing when credible African and African – American scholars, historians, social scientists, and anthropologists proved to us that we have a beautifully regal history. Just look at things from our point of view: how would you like it if BLACK historians and film makers were to SERIOUSLY rewrite history by writing books and making films where a Black woman was portraying Queen Elizabeth 1? What if “Hamilton” were a serious drama? I believe I know the answer. Instead of using your energy recommencing this age- old deceit, use your energy for the good like “bluntly” denouncing the NRA and KKK. In fact educate people to know that “Aryan” does not mean “pure white”; it is not even a race. That some of the darkest people on the earth, the Indo-Iranians, are who the designation originally applied to though now it is applied to languages. Write a book or blog about that.
No one wants to point out the blatant anti-blackness in this article?
Evident from the authors supposed difference between Egyptians and “black Aftican blood”…. Egypt has been whitewashed for centuries (given this very discussion topic over Cleopatra’s race and the authors great lengths to distance her from blackness)
EGYPT IS IN AFRICA! EGYPT IS BLACK! Stop whitewashing history, especially African history!
Just shut up you anti black racist “historians”
Educate yourself: https://progressivepupil.wordpress.com/2014/02/27/right-to-death-defining-anti-blackness/
Cleopatra was African. The majority of egyptians in past & present were/ are African. The main issue here, is the white mans continually fetish to steal & claim what has never been theirs. Since their origins. Ancient Egyptians were a mix of African, Arabic & Greek blood. & that there is TRUTH.
Of course for white America, it doesn’t matter because they live in a country where they control the “European” educational system; dehumanizing those different from them. It obviously matters that white America now has to re-iterate the white-ness of historical people that for years have been portrayed as white so they and their kind won’t feel dehumanized.
Whoever wrote this haven’t study history that well sorry not sorry. Cleopatras father was ilyrian Albania so called today Macedonia is Albania Greece has nothing to do here. Study Balkans before you talk about this because u sound like somebody who don’t know what u talking about . Lol if u gonna talk at least take a really good look at history facts .
Cleopatras sisters tomb was found and dna taken…they were definitely more African than Greek!
Black African queen deal with it.
I know a couple of modern Macedonians, and I don’t think they’d appreciate being called Greek or Albanian. However that is pretty irrelevant to the ancient Macedonia of Alexander or Ptolemy Soter. Whatever the Greeks thought at the time, they clearly considered themselves to be culturally Greek, and ethnically speaking would have been closer to Greek than to Ancient Egyptian or African, which is the subject of this article. As for Black women looking for ancient role-models, may I suggest looking at the Queen of Sheba, or Hatshepsut or Nefertiti of the pre-Alexandrian Egyptian royal dynasties.
Cleopatra – http://www.behindthename.com/name/cleopatra
Names, Identity, History, Heritage, Legacy – These things are important to Greeks…worth keeping, worth preserving and worth protecting.
Lest we forget – Macedon was Greek Kingdom. Macedonians, a Greek-speaking Hellenic-peoples.
Cleopatra – Greek names go wherever the Hellenic peoples take them.
kali means dark/black and putr means son and putri means daughter in Hindi…i am sure Cleopatra derives from kaliputr or kaliputri, which means she could be an ancient dark-skinned indian mixed with greek or roman ancestry
Look at that there are Macedonian Greek’s if that was you only argument fro this article being wrong guess you need a new hypothesis maybe you should spend years doing research like Duane W. Roller.
Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) are a regional and historical population group of ethnic Greeks, inhabiting or originating from the Greek region of Macedonia, in Northern Greece. Today, most Macedonians live in or around the regional capital city of Thessaloniki and other cities and towns in Greek Macedonia, while many have spread across Greece and in the diaspora. The indigenous Greek Macedonians are descendants of the Ancient and Byzantine Greek Macedonians [page needed] and they have a heritage and identity distinct from that of the Slav Macedonians, who now mainly inhabit the neighboring Republic of Macedonia.
Take a look at this article and tell me what significance your expose matters.
Utterly unsurprising to see so many dogmatic afrocentrists, i.e., historical revisionists, in the peanut gallery. These special snowflakes take umbrage to how little an impact their ancestors made on the world; with little culture of their own and no achievements of note in recent history, it’d be cruel to say Afrocentrism is little more than Eurocentrism in black face because Eurocentrism at least had some basis in reality.
It’s true that Afrocentrism is pathetic, but it’s especially pathetic when espoused about Egypt by American blacks… _as if_ their c. 1700–1800 West African ancestors even share a common tie with Ancient Egypt. Most of all though, It’s disturbing; this cultural whitewashing (the irony, it burns) by American Afrocentric revisionists is especially pernicious since many of these revisionists are out‐and‐out racists with actual sway in academia.
OH GESSHH ..!! Just say she was black what was difficult about that .mist figured that out once the writer stated (DOES IT MATTER WHAT RACE SHE WAS)YES IT DOES. And it’s foolish to think other wise.history is history but to try and take facts out of an important part of it is sick.
[…] it cannot be repeated in a laboratory. Scientists are not capable of verifying whether or not Cleopatra was actually Egyptian or figuring out that the Dark Ages weren’t actually that dark. That’s the job of the […]
To assume that only white actresses might be those with superior talent is in fact racist, and only underlines why it’s important for historic women of color to be portrayed actresses of color. Also, it’s not racial profiling if the person in question is white. You could do to research racism, or more, “how to not be racist.”
One can easily see why she was so attractive to Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony if she was a beautiful fair skinned blond .Alexander is said to have blond hair too and she was the decedent of one of his Generals who came and conquered all the way from Macedonia,a rival to Sparta and other Greek states.My how greatness had spread far and wide.
What an insult to say that the African Queen Cleopatra’s racial background is insignificant and that the focus should be on her accomplishments. When has race NOT mattered????
TO duane w roller : The Ptolmic dynasty was almost exclusively inbred from the time of Cleopatra I Syra, who was herself 1/2 Persian, born to Ladice III (3/4 Persian) and Antiochous III (1/4 Persian). Cleopatra did not have distant Persian ancestry, but was by any fair estimate 1/4 to 1/2 Persian by admixture.
“the representations of her in Greek and Roman art and coins do not show anything other than traditional Mediterranean ethnicity, although artists were perfectly capable of showing other ethnic groups”
This alone displays his ignorance on black African diversity and shows he can’t be taken seriously lol. The black girl in the video below has two black parents. She is not a rarity, not a minority in our diverse gene pool.
Isn’t Egypt in Africa?
If only Egypt was in Africa, then Cleopatra could have both “Egyptian” and “African” blood. Wishful thinking I guess…
1- dude… Egyptians were Africans. As in, of actual Black African race. Maybe “mixed-race” at that point due to Hellenic heritage and intermarriage, if that makes you feel better.
But like, “she was Egyptian therefore she wasn’t Black” is the most absurd thing I’ve read today.
2- yup, representation matters and this doesn’t have to be “more important than acting ability’ because bazillion actors of colour are perfectly capable. Plus, colour-blindness does not solve Hollywood’s (or any) racism problem and only benefits the privileged.
k thx bye
Afro-american revisionists nowadays (and a lot of other revisionist groups) go to great lenghts to project the blackness of a couple of figures.
One should notice that not all african black people can be properly be considered as donors into the afro-american heritage. For instance … has any nubian been deported to the USA as a slave back in the days of slave trade ??? There was a great segregation between the egyptians (be them whiter saharians or darker nubians) and southern Niger-congo tribes. Greek immigration was massive (the sea tribes) to egipt after the golfen age of the pharaos … and this whitish population has nothing in common with anglo or scandinavian whiteness (pale skin that doesnt tan) and in fact mediterraneans are essentially identical now matter how tanned the individual is.
A pure blood ptolomaic and a southern egiptian would be the same collor if they lived their entire lives exposed to the sun like egiptians did.
One thing for sure a black(as in like african americans black) Cleopatra would be mentioned in the anals of history … and not a single mention exists.
A<little off topic but relevant.
Macedonians didn't apropriate themselves of the term macedonian more than the Hellas republic apropriated themselves of the term greek. most of the classic greek civilization resides nowadays in greece/hellas FYROM and … turkey.
Wow. She can be seen however anyone needs her to be seen. After all no of us were there. Nothing has changed then and now people lie. She’s black white etc. She’s whatever i want her to be
What the H, Anon Oct. 7th 2016?!! Why are you so angry that people of a specific origin would educate themselves aside from gov’t approved text books, and rightfully make attempts to reclaim/restore heritage and accomplishments to a people that have been under an erasure agenda for centuries? Afrocentrism isn’t old enough or accepted without dispute or revile to be dogmatic. We live in world of universal Eurocentric dogma.
Eurocentrism more so based in reality? All history is subjective, embellished and revisionist to some degree. Especially that of certain long reigning, Euro invader groups, who have taken credit for the conception of ideas, inventions, and aspects of societal living from around the world, that had been in practice long before they caught on. Are we to believe the Roman coin depiction of a despised outsider or an Egyptian bust of a beloved Queen? Whose perception was based more in reality?
Also, your evident view of human superiority and inferiority past and present is what is disturbing. Civilizations that have been around longer will have a substantial track record. However, peoples from all over the globe have and continue to contribute to the shaping of modern day society, technology and thought. Not just one group or ethnicity. Still, credit should be given where due (hardly ever is) and people shouldn’t be excluded just because it spoils your personal Utopian vision of the world.
Sergio where do you get your information? Do you own a ledger of ALL the African nations affected by continental and international slave trading? Why is it hard to grasp that neighboring countries with millennia of interaction are more likely to share deeply rooted ties with each other, in this case ancient Egypt, than all of Egyptian history with all of Grecco-Roman history? An Egyptian Queen by default would be expected to be black or brown. So, this would likely not be denoted in the “annals of history” (whose history?) unless it was abnormal. Every once in awhile, inbreeding needs an injection of new DNA so subsequent children reach reproductive age. That Cleopatra VII was considered other, a barbarian, a witch, a wh**e by Roman society means there was a high probability she not only had a vastly different culture, but looked markedly different.
Whatever your natural skin tone is, under the same sun a darker person will still be darker. “Black” comes in several shades of skin, hair and eyes, and varying facial features, all native to the continent of Africa, pre-European interaction/invasions. Just as there are differing shades and features across Europe (as you mentioned not every European is the quintessential English or Scandinavian, as often portrayed), across Asia, across the Americas. All of which developed in those specific regions before interactions with other established ethnicities from far away lands. The phenotype of ethnic groups is greatly related to adaptive mutation to their region of the world and more likely to occur there. However, modern day man originated in Africa and many of us have a small percentage neanderthal DNA. So, regardless of where we came from, there are only so many variations of the human phenotype that can develop. Skin tones, eye and hair color, facial features, body types can naturally pop-up any place without outside influence.
We are not merely defined by how we look, the hue of our skin, to whom and where we were born. But it all helps mold our decisions and how we’re allowed to move through life. It’s disgusting to perpetuate the age old tradition of stripping historical figures of these aspects of their identity. As though it would taint their worth or make their achievements less important. Cleopatra VII was a Macedonian woman and in all probability Afro Egyptian from Egypt. Her culture was just as much Egyptian as it was Macedonian or Greek. She was not “white” [in appearance or culture] in the applied sense of the term.
[…] Source […]
Of course it bloody well matters. What, can’t take the fact that this great woman could possibly be black? I know. It’s tooo much, isn’t it?
This whole American history is one BIG LIE to keep the blacks from knowing the truth about themselves. The Israelite’s in the BIBLE is describing black Americans, because Africans never sold their own people to the Europians they sold BLACK ISRAELITE’S to become slaves in America. Anytime they say race does not matter? It does because that statement says they are lying and withholding the truth.
Blacks history was stolen for over 400 years due to the them spending Billions of dollars worldwide to keep the blacks identity a secret.
CLEOPATRA was a beautiful BLACK woman.
”certainly not black african blood”
is the idiot that wrote this blog aware that eygpt is in AFRICA.
”race doesn’t matter but let me do a break down of her possible race and white wash her as much as possible”
…Ever since Coretta King squatted to pee in US streets while her illustrious husband supervised apish blacks throwing bricks through windows of businesses, ignoramus American blacks have claimed they are either Black Jews, Black Aristotles or Black Cleopatras…all of these inbred free-loaders are the reason why the US has dropped from the #1 nation in productivity to #19 in productivity, while Civilized Nations such as Germany, Japan have taken over the industrial leadership of the Free-World…None of these free, leader nations allow blacks–especially American blacks into their countries as a matter of free-will…that is, to come and go as they please…it’s also obvious that Cleopatra was White Macedonian of Greek Culture. as Jews are White and so were all Greek and Roman Scholars.. Even sensible Black Africans do NOT want US Blacks in Africa…
ALL U PEOPLE ARE CRAZY EVERYONE KNOW SHE WAS 2ND MOST BEAUTIFUL BLACK WOMEN BEHIND BASHEBA BOTH BLACK WOMEN WHY IT IT THAT PEOPLE WANT EVERYONE TO BE WHITE WHO ARE IMPORTANT NO WHITES WERE IN AFRICA IN THAT TIME SO IT DOES MATTER TO BLACKS ON WHAT SHE LOOKED LIKE
Why would you even doubt she is linked to an African bloodline being that Egypt is located in Africa?
I think the fact that Caucasian-American producers cast white faces in foreign movies is a slap in everybody face.
Oh well, we still got the Motherland and pyramids.
I think the reason this is so contested is because much of the history that we have been taught is false. AFRICA history has been besmirched for years as non-existing and irrelevant to anything meaningful. The most promoted in AFRICA is the jungle with primitive buffons running around. AFRICA was actually in a poor state when the Europeans embarked heavily in transition in the existing Arabic sahara slave trade into the Atlantic slave trade. So there is an abundance of neglected and buried history that has been denied as relative to the world history. Unfortunately, for the old rule of thumb is science is uncovering it’s error and ommissions. WE ALL COME FROM AFRICA AT SOME POINT. AFRICA IS ALL OF US, the beginning. Most Egyptians are people big color looking anywhere from looking like Tyger Woods to Eva Langoria. Some are lighter and some are darker. I don’t consider them white and they are not usually west African black. The elite Egyptians tend to have more admixture with Europeans. My last caveat is lookup the recent discovery that early Europeans did not have white skin. Humans are a diverse species but race does not exist the way it has been and continues to be portrayed. To say Cleopatra was a white skinned woman like Elizabeth Taylor who I love, I really feel is pushing a false idea and has a motive behind it.
African-Americans are not an homogeneous group of people. Most African-Americans have at least a little admixture to a significant admixture. African American phenotype run the gamut and includes 3.5% of white American demographics (passing). The genes most likely to produce offspring that can be categorized as any so called race are mullatos, mestizos, and zambos.
[…] progressives and alt-right alike need the Romans to be “white” (or Cleopatra black or white, or the Barbarians to be…barbarians) in order to show some kind of historically continuous […]
According to this source, Cleopatra’s ethnicity was almost pure Greek Macedonian, but why does it matter?
Although there really is no evidence for Cleopatra’s skin colour we do know that her father, (and the rest of the Ptolemy line) Ptolemy XII, is Greek Hellenistic so Cleopatra must have Greek bloodlines. But why does this matter? If she was black African then she may have been a role model for black women, but in order to be a role model do you have to be of the the same ethnicity? Overall Cleopatra’s ethnicity is the subject of ongoing debate, even though there is no real evidence of her ethnicity, so it therefore shouldn’t matter because she has been one of the most successful and powerful women in ancient history.
To Kate: If it is a female role model you are looking for, how important is Cleopatra’s ethnicity and the colour of her skin? Cleopatra’s successes and accomplishments were numerous and were continuously added to during her 21 year rule. Can the female population not derive inspiration from this woman whether she was Black African, Greek Macedonian or mixed ethnicity? And how does determining her true skin colour make her impact greater on a certain population? Our shared humanity with Cleopatra should be our starting point for judging her level of impact. We can venture further to exclude her gender from our evaluations and choose to view only a human ruler who successfully led Egypt, overcame adversity and left a lasting impact on our modern world. From this viewpoint, we can argue that Cleopatra’s rule can impact females of all races but also men of all races, due to our shared humanity with the woman.
She was descendant from an extremely inbred Macedonian dynasty and was the first person in her family to even speak Egyptian. The only outside blood in her family was from her grandmother, who was also Macedonian. She was white, and probably blonde or read-headed. Hell, the word “Cleopatra” is even Greek.
It’s funny how a biographical depiction of a (black) historical figure does not matter…but can you imagine the uproar if the current Queen of England was depicted as black in modern Hollywood…just because Viola Davis is an Oscar-worthy performer? It would never happen…know why? Because white privilege would have a hissy fit and protest for ‘blackwashing’ to stop immediately in favour of history remaining in tact. Whitewashing is a longstanding psychological tool used to support white supremacy; protect the ignorance of the fragile white ego and hide the truth from the true spiritual and earthly Royalty of black people. Please…if it doesn’t matter at all, then why does it matter whether Cleopatra is depicted as Chinese or Asian? Know why? Because that’s not it…it is what it is…white people historically have usurped the power of the dominant race through pure evil, illusion, lies and skullduggery. It is black people’s polar opposition (whites) that try so hard to stamp out the TRUTH. It’s clear to see that the (likely) white person who wrote this article was feeling their white-privilege temperature rise to unbearable heights. How dare race be an issue in representing a truth as long as whiteness is plastered all over it?! Gosh, these black people are just so petty for not wanting their entire plagiarised history to be correctly depicted so that credit for real power and accomplishment can lift them out of the lies that have been fed through the media for years. Black people urgh! Get a life and focus on the acting!
But that’s just what the author of this article fails to realise (poor fragile being) it is just what he called it…acting…pretending…not real…fiction…made-up…santa-claus…fairies…unicorns…white.
Oh it matters….and Children of the Sun/God will return to the Throne as the Earth undergoes a full refurbishment and evil is exposed and then washed out. It’s happening as I type…nothing can stop it…the truth always remains….lies disappear because it was never ever real. Like magic…poof! The illusions are dissipating.
Want to test whether you’re still under the illusion that true depiction matters not? Let’s build a picture for you…
Tyrese Gibson steps in and plays the role of Paul Walker in Fast & Furious franchise; Viola Davis steps in and plays the Queen of England; Christian Bale plays the role of Muhammed Ali. Gets a little confusing don’t it? A little untrue isn’t it? Ahhhh but what does it matter?! Viola Davis is a great actress….long live (the true depiction of) the Queen!
Which one? The Black one…Cleopatra.
Ignorance at its finest.
What is so interesting about this controversy is there are many images of Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony at that time. If Cleopatra was of European descent they would be many many images of her. But because she was of African descent Egypt is in Africa Africa people it’s Common Sense this is before Jesus’s time.. just so you understand Europeans have continuously Changed History to benefit themselves everybody knows that the only image of Cleopatra was in the 1800s the Renaissance error when Europeans were making everybody look like themselves. Clearly Cleopatra was an African descent if she wear white woman baby many images carved in stone on coins they would have had that white woman on everything let’s be real. I’m done with this foolishness.
Please forgive the typos I was typing extremely fast but you get the jest of it.
How ironic is it that the author states the third reason “especially relevant in demolishing any suggestion that Cleopatra had black African blood – the representations of her in Greek and Roman art and coins do not show anything other than traditional Mediterranean ethnicity, although artists were perfectly capable of showing other ethnic groups.” when ancient Egyptian art clearly shows Egyptian rulers with dark skin, although artists were perfectly capable of showing other ethnic groups and that is usually ignored.
Darn, and all this time Inthought she was Egyptian !
I remember seeing the “Ring of Power” series on YTube where Jesus was suppose to be the son of Cleopatra. Seems like the same argument arises on the “race” of Jesus (being Black African). If he were Cleopatra’s son and the next in line for the “Egyptian” pharaoship (as well as the “throne of Rome”), and his half sis was Magdalene …Queen of Mauritania …then the “race” of Cleopatra would solve the “race” of Jesus.
I remember seeing te “Ring of Power” series on YTube where Jesus was suppose to be the son of Cleopatra. Seems like the same argument arises on the “race” of Jesus (being Black African). If he were Cleopatra’s son and the next in line for the “Egyptian” pharaoship (as well as the “throne of Rome”), and his half sis was Magdalene …Queen of Mauritania …then the “race” of Cleopatra would solve the “race” of Jesus.
The article is foolishness. And the picture depicted as the queen is suppose to be proof. As the picture of white Jesus is proof he is white. So if a Caucasian say it is so then let it be that and when all else fail they fall on “why does race matter.” If any one would to see another view on this matter check out this website http://www.lisapoyakama.org
Just because Egypt is in Africa doesn’t mean Cleopatra is African or has African blood. West Africans are different then South Africans and West Africans and so on. There are white ppl who live or came from Africa who do not have african blood in them. As far as ppl complaining about a white playing her in movie. Will Smith played I am Legend who in the book is white. So is that fair? Fact is she is greek or has greek in her. I think she is mixed with something but I don’t think she is black. And they did dna on king tut and his father and grandfather and findings say they all have European dna.
I ask all people who identify as ‘White’ or Anglo-Saxon, or European, really reflect upon what racism and discrimination in America has done to Black people.
Black people, which I consider myself to be by the way, are starved for role models. In ALL the comments from Black people saying Cleopatra was “Black”, the only evidence is “Egypt is in Africa.” And so is Johannesburg and Pretoria. Were DeClerk and Botha Black?!
Mr. Roller here provided an outline that we as Black people, starved for role models, to boost our self-esteem, could not see. Egypt was conquered by Alexander the Greek! And then, he did not defeat Egypt, but Darius!!! Persia ruled Egypt at this time!!
And then, Mr. Roller explained how the “Greeks”, the Ptolemaic family were so hell bent in staying in control, they even practiced incest!!! The city of “Alexandria” was built as the place of rule, to take power away from Memphis!! In other words, to keep WHITE or Greek in power, the Greeks built a brand new city! You think they are going to let a Black woman rule!!
Not one Black person attempted to deny Cleopatra was a descendant of the original Greek, Freak, incestuous Ptolemy I, II, II etc. And if she was such a great Black role model, such a prideful Black original Egyptian, what the hell was she doing sleeping and marrying and having children with Caesar and Marc Antony? Black people, who was Cleopatra’s Black Egyptian husband???
Romanticizing will not improve our condition Black people, only critical analytical thinking!! I fail to see how sleeping with every powerful “Greek” potentate equates to “role model” any way??
Black is not a race/ethnicity. That is a term given to african americans due to loss of history and culture. It is made up! Cleopatra was a woman of color whether that be olive or midnight black. Whether that be from mixed, greek or whatever was floating around in that region. Modern day Egyptians do not consider themselves black because there is no such thing. They identify as Egyptian (where they are from)some who are darker than most “black” people I know. If african americans knew their history they would not identify as black either, but how many choices are left when all attempts have been made to erase their identity. Since acting ability is all that should matter than I would like to see a woman of color, “black” indian or asian play queen Elizabeth or Liz Taylor in a movie. There would be pure fucking outrage.
after 7 years there has been so much controversy with this article and its comments.
and most fail to understand the point that people are a lot more well traveled then they were 2000 years ago. using cover-all terminology based on modern-day bias and subjective statements out of context does not help demonstrate your beliefs or answer the issue. in fact, your beliefs are irrelevant in the historical record, which is more important that a fictional portrayal for entertainment. this is the underlying point of this article to demonstrate truth with available facts (relevant and according to the time it occurred). It is important who she was in history, not who we want her to have been. please leave history to historians and anthropologists.
Macedonians are Southern Slavs,linguistically related to Bulgarian and Great Russian. They are not and never have been Greek.
Historians are also known to distort the TRUTH! Cleopatra was black! And yes it is ok for one of the greatest women ruler of all time, was a black woman
It her racial background was not important why did you take such pains to “demolish any evidence of Black African Blood. Another transparent attempt to deny in greatness of person or historically personality to African ancestry. Just another attempt by white scholars doing what they have always done is to assign all the great civilizations to a European invention in an attempt to maintain the myth of white supremacy. Please
Cleopatra was a black woman! Swallow that pill. And them she won’t be the last black woman to rule. ✌🏾
Other races (mainly white Europeans) are always saying it doesn’t matter what race Egyptians are biblical people were. If it really doesn’t matter, why is it so important for every thing to be whitewashed and portrayed as white people. It’s obviously important for weak-minded people to continue and try to hold on to the oppressive power that has been around for ages. In a land dominated by the original dark skin man, you expect us to believe that every great Egyptian or biblical person that walk that land was white? You can barely stay in the Sun for an hour without burning up. Doesn’t make very much sense to the average person but you can keep hanging on to your false hopes.
Cleopatra was a Greek Macedonian pure and simple. She was descended from a long Line of Greek Kings and Queens (the Ptolemies of the Kingdom of Macedonia in northern Greece) who had ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years. Egyptian royalty only intermarried amongst themselves, so it is very unlikely for anyone outside the Royal family to have added to the Royal gene pool. Secondly Roman writers give no indication that Cleopatra was African.
Cleopatra hadn’t Greek or Macedonian origin. She was Albanian .they’re was no such thing as Greece or Macedonian back then. It was only Albania. It’s sad to see how others rewrite history the way they want to. They took so much credit from Albanian people. Alexander the great (supposedly from Macedonia) was albanian.many other famous figures we’re Albanian. I have visited a church in Macedonia and I got informed from different sources that the church had an eagle (Albanian symbol) painted on the walls ,but after they took Albanians territory they Burnet it ,and repainted it to make it look Macedonian. This was just an excample of how mistreated Albanian history is. Next time you show information like this,make sure it’s 100% sure,nobody wants to hear lies.
Ah, the neverending discussion about race.. I don’t know why I even read this post and all these comments bashing eachother over this.. Makes you think if we humans can ever overcome our desire hate eachother. Why can’t you people understand that we are all the same race, the rest is just made up rubbish to divide us.
I will for sure get hate for this, people are going to assume my pigment and try to bash me for it. But whatever, live in your world of hate. Just give your children room for their own thoughts.
I don’t believe Cleopatra was truly Black African but at the same time to say she was just white is a blatant lie. Original Ancient Egyptians were most likely originally African as in black African most written sources from those times with depictions back that fact up. Egypt though developed over time and become for ethnically mixed due to its close proximity to other nations many a times comer under rulership of these neighbouring ethnicities which you could consider “white”ish atleast . In the case of cleopatra she came from a “white” family but thats only her fathers side I’m surprised nobody mentioned the discovery her sisters remains which showed genetically that her mother was of clear African decent. Cleopatra was most likely of mixed ethnicity and according to America one drop rule can be therefore considered black in their eyes.
I read all the comments and I’m shook! I’m Greek btw and yes I do believe that Cleopatra could have been part greek or fully black or something else we don’t really know of… all I’m seeing over the years is that there’s not enough evidence of what she really was (for what is worth I don’t think she cared, since she considered herself a goddess). Since she’s my favorite queen and absolute icon I’d like it if she was in fact part greek, but I would also love her if she was black, mixed or anything else. For instance I’d love to see say (as someone suggested in the comments) Beyoncé portraying her… Or any other powerful woman… Because to me this is what matters! Whatever race she was, she was above all, one of the most powerful women in the world’s history! Keep that in mind. An absolute woman, an amazingly capable queen, seen as equal to men even back then! Let’s respct that until we can know more about her descending…
Whom ever wrote this article needs a refund of their historical education. Cleopatra was not Greek or close to it. The timeline between the first Ptolemy and the last there was a drastic change in the empire. Majority of the Pharoah’s were of some Nubian descent and from the land of Kush (modern day Sudan) along with those from the Syria area. All the Kings who did rule areas married women whom were native to the area. Alexander himself had wives whom were of brown and black descent. So on that note Cleopatra VII was of native African descent and that blood line going that far down if she did have Greek blood it would be so little it wouldn’t of even matter. (Quit trying to Europeanize History, give credit where its due)
Cleo wasn’t black because black . But she was African because Egypt is IN Africa. Look at a map!
Greeks themselves were/are olive tonned and NOT white. Including Egypt’s position with the equator, they would be tanned af. Meaning she woukd have some nice toasty skin!
As to why it’s important? Representation and Whitewashing. White people and those born of Europe are to most represented in media. White people can turn anywhere and find a role model. It’s not the same for black (Americans) ot Africans or any darker skinned person.
Now as for Whitewashing, Jesus is another example. Jesus was not white/Europea. He was from Isreal. ISREAL! The same has happened to other figures of non-europeans and non-european descended
If race didn’t mean anything then why does people of color get there history wiped over and there accomplishments overshadowed by white people and they get all the credit and I’m not jealous but it seems that when something great happened we were depicted as village roomers!
You cannot rewrite history or you may as well be like old racist Hollywood. I know you want her to be as Nubian as Nefertiti, but she wasn’t. And, the Ptolomy’s were Greek or Macedonian or Albanian or Balkan – whatever. They were not white like a Celt, and they were not black like a Nubian. They intermarried because gods marry gods – that’s what they believed and what they did to consolidate power. The Queen apparently loved her country and her people, so they loved her. Was this because somehow her mother was not her father’s wife but perhaps a native Egyptian concubine (as native Egyptians at that time were treated like the Irish were and would not have been of high status), or a daughter of a merchant, etc? It would explain her popularity, but that can also be explained by the simple fact that she was an amazing politician – She knew how to charm people. Could she have been darker than a Greek? Maybe, maybe not. They called her the Egyptian, not the Nubian. Funerary masks of that time depict Greeks, not Nubian Egyptians. They had dark, curly hair and olive skin. I’m very surprised by the old, racist 1/8th rule being referenced by many of the proud African Americans as it is a white, racist tool used to rob people of their freedom and served to marginalize and devalue many. Most likely, and this is based on cultural, historical evidence, written narrative, and the coins and more realistic statue of her head, she would have looked like the actress Marina Sirtis (StarTrek) circa 1987 with a really deep tan. Actually, if I was going to cast for Cleopatra, I would go with this description of the type for a casting call: a chubby/curvy woman 20’s or young 30’s with a large Greek or Lebanese type nose, black kinky-curly hair and brown skin. I’d have a lot of girls to choose from. Cleopatra wasn’t pretty by today’s standards, but she had presence, eloquence, and education. I saw something about Angelina Jolie being cast as Cleopatra, but it would only work if she had a bunch of makeup, a wig, a prosthetic nose and gained some weight if we want to be historically accurate. The thing that’s different with Cleopatra than with the example of Ceasar and Queen Elizabeth I is that we have pictures and other clear evidence of what they looked like, so we can cast a white, black, Asian, Indian, Native American, Latino/Hispanic woman – heck, we could put a man in a dress! But really, she was a Ptolomy – Greek/Macedonian Egyptian.
Oh, sidebar, Jesus wasn’t white or black – he was brown. He wasn’t from Europe, and he wasn’t from Africa – Nazareth is in Israel and is in the location considered the middle-east but is on the continent of Asia. Oh, and yes, I’m as white as Frostina the snow girl, but guess who my hero was as a child and even now? Harriet Tubman. You want a strong black female role model? How about a woman who risked her life to enter the deep South over and over to save hundreds of lives? And she did it with a head injury that gave her narcolepsy- she fell asleep on a bench once and risked capture, torture, etc. She was a superhero, and definitely black. But she wasn’t a queen or beautiful, she was average. And, Cleopatra? She was a politician. Yay. What a hero. Wouldn’t it be better to admire an average person who did extraordinary things? I also wanted to say to the person that said I’ve never had to face prejudice for being white – bull. Mostly in college, but I’ve faced it in my job and in my own neighborhood. “Ain’t you in the wrong place snowflake?” And I’ve faced it here reading the lovely comments. Except for that creepy neo-nazi, the “whites” have been civil and careful – white guilt I guess. Prejudice is universal, and knows no color, creed, religion or body type. It is as insidious and vile as cockroaches- you can’t always see them but you know they’re there. Let’s get out the bug spray kids and let Cleo be whoever – I’m partial to Salma Hayek – how bout you?
It’s funny how white people (with some rare exceptions) keep moving the goal post. First, many on this thread denied the possibility that Cleopatra was black. Then, perhaps having read the BBC article that states she was black (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/also_in_the_news/7945333.stm), they argued that having some black blood does not make one black. Of course, these are the same people who wanted to deny Barack Obama was black. It’s like they experience cognitive dissonance at the thought that a black woman (and I emphasize black more than woman) could have not only been regarded as brilliant but have been internationally renowned for her beauty. Maybe they are afraid (I should say still afraid) of what we’re actually capable of? Or it just makes it easier to swallow one’s own vomit (deep-seated or subconscious racism)?
This professor is a clown. I live in Columbus and pray I run into this joker one day to confront him on this idiocy. He is searching for a way to say Cleopatra wasn’t Macedonian. He runs into dead ends everywhere and then states, “Its probably she had Egyptian blood.” Probable based on what? On the fact that you dont know who 1/6 of her fathers concubines was? What is this trash.
What if she was an egyptian.. woah haha crazy right it’s not like she live in middle east or egypt or anything
Have you guys even try dna testing? Where do you know she’s a greek? Hieroglyphs? Does she even wrote it on her face with alphabet? Why y’all have to claim everything as causcasian she’s in the MIDDLE EAST for god sake
As a historian, you should not be hedging to appease the gods of political correctness. Civilization is a manifestation of genetics.
History shows us that race matters on a macro level. It is directly correlated to the continued transmission of the civilization by the founding race.
-Disappearance of Whites Led to the Collapse of Their Civilizations-
Originally created by Proto-Nordics, Alpines, and Mediterraneans, and then influenced by waves of Indo-European invaders, the white civilizations in the Middle East all flourished, producing the wonders of the ancient world. These regions were either invaded or otherwise occupied (through the use of laborers, immigration, or in rare cases, by conquest) by nonwhite nations of varying races. When the original white peoples who created those civilizations vanished or became an insignificant minority (through death and absorption into other races), their civilizations “fell” in exactly the same way that the Native American civilization in North America “fell.”
Kemp, Arthur. March of the Titans: The Complete History of the White Race: Volume I and II Combined Edition.
This is 2018 and Cleopatra’s sister’s bone were found. finally exactly as the Africans have claimed and once again it is prooven that Cleopatra’s mother was a black African! Now for all you one drop rule people, you tell me what is her ethnicity?
This is the most false idiotic racially biased and ridiculous thing I’ve ever read by a supposed expert. Are you freaking kidding, racist or just plain thick? Her family lived on Egypt for over 300 years…yes Egypt in African where the first people lived. Egypt which is right next to Sudan and Ethiopia and you’re trying to argue that she was largely Macedonian? That makes no sense. Even if she is proven to have Macedonian blood in her, the way that genetics works she still would’ve been a woman of color despite her mixed heritage. Example both Halle Berry and Barrack Obama are half white yet still very much people of color and she had significantly less in her blood. Don’t be a racist supremacist idiot and stop trying to use your format to falsify history and science to push your agenda smdh.
Why do black people want to claim the Ptolemaic dynasty was black? They invaded Egypt from Greece. The founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty was one of Alexander the Great’s generals. Ancient Greeks had olive skin just like today.
Well, well..What a fierce discussion. I as an cultural antrophologist of North-African descent have a few things to mention here. You all talk about white or black, Africa, Europe, Greece, etc. but never about North-Africa and its original people, the Berbers or the Amazigh. Egypt is North-African, Egypt is Amazigh and still today. Some North-African people are also of mixed-race, but you can find all the colors you want in our people; black, brown, light-brown, white, etc. For me that means that Cleopatra is also of Berber descent, which can explain her appereance. She was petite slim, dark hair and olive skin. Dark almond shaped eyes and fine face structure, nothing Greek or Roman about that. It is very disturbing that different sources like Wikipedia and other acadamic researchers who are mostly of white descent are changing the North-African history. And North-Africa is the head of Mother Africa and I am proud to be a Berber woman. So people, next time do not forget the history of North-Africa because until today Cleopatra’s history and legacy still stand there.
[…] to Oxford University’s blog, what is known is that from her father’s side, she was no more than eight generations away […]
This post is a waste of time. The LIES to support white/TAMAHU have been going on for years. To eliminate the stigma of being cave dwellers, Tamahu’s have attached themselves to fair skin Melanated people of the earth.
Your a brave man to write about race in today’s time. I’m not sure if people have always been this ignorant or if the internet just makes it easier to see.
It shouldn’t be hard to figure that Cleopatra was Greek because history has proven that. They wrote it down. If she was mixed, which I’m inclined to believe, she was mixed with Berber. You can almost see the resemblance in modern Berbers
They have a history in North Africa of several thousand years and they come in all shapes, sizes and hues.
But before everyone goes wringing their hands on skin color, let’s keep in mind, she cheated and had kids with Ceaser, plotted to kill her sister, and Egypt ceased to exist after her death. Thousands of years of dynastic rule ended with her. Augustus wiped her off the map. Not to mention the inbreeding. That alone, sheesh. Color whatever you want in the lines and be proud of it, but I wouldn’t be.
What the hell is “Black Africa”? Egypt is in Northern Africa. All of Africa was “Black Africa” until racist imperialist, European colonist showed up and started raping African women. Another Racist author.
The original Egyptians were pushed into the Sudan. They were Black Africans and Cleopatra was mixed with Egyptian. She was Black and it matters very much. Your article is full of bias and ridiculousness.
Cleopatra was a black African. This white washing has got to stop.
I’m always amazed at how white washing types try to separate Egypt from Africa. It is on the continent of Africa!
[…] reign alongside her husband Akhenatan. Nevermind that Cleopatra was Egyptian by birth alone and was of Greek ancestry, with an outside chance of possible admixture with Egyptian blood. (Evidently, the colonialist […]
The bigger question is where is the rest of History? She can be POC all she wants she still had slaves. The Romans enlaved Slavic people. If slavery sucks so much she sucks. And why is it ok for Nicki Manaj to play at Ceaser’s Palace ?Again lost history. These POC owned WHITE SLAVES. As a part Slavic person., I have to hear that I opress these poor people who enslaved my people in the Roman Empire she married into. Boo hoo to your spray tan #RealHistory #SlavicHistoryNow
Duane Roller is a perfect example of how having degrees and titles does not make you smart or intelligent. She wrote, “Certainly not for any black African blood”. This is a historian writing this although Egypt is in Africa and was ruled for thousands of years by those with “black African blood”.
Are you suggesting there were no black actresses who could have played Cleopatra just as good as a white person or even better? Given that Cleopatra was black royalty. Black people were kings and queens while white people we’re living in caves didn’t even wipe there butt. YES IT MATTERS WHAT RACE SHE WAS. YOU SURE DON’T MIND SHOWING BLACK PEOPLE LIVING IN JUNGLES IN SAYING THEY’RE BLACK. BUT WHEN IT COMES TO PHARAOHS KINGS AND QUEENS THEY GOT TO BE WHITE WOW.
caucasian ‘whiterize/caucasianize’ EVERYTHING – EVEN IF THE PERSON IS FROM AFRICA.
They Believe their own LIES – caucasians are Allergic to Truth.”It is No Measure of Health to Be Well Adjusted to a Profoundly Sick Society” (Jiddu Krishnamurti). caucasians Never WANT African Americans to Know their True History – that’s why to Read or Write or even Speak their Native language was it was against the law – for Africans taken as slaves – Punishable by Death.
[…] what kills me is that our history has been sooooo white washed that Jesus and Cleopatra who are of African blood are apparently white. Much of the spiritual community gets to pick and […]
I find quite a few issues with this article, but the main one is your comment that “It is hard to imagine that race would be more important than acting ability, but clearly others disagree,” is highly disrespectful.
For many generations now, Hollywood movies have been dominated by white males and thus white male views on society; thousands of different minority groups, from Africans to Latino to LGBTQAI+ have been completely ignored, unable to get roles as people of their own ethnicity.
Often there are stories of Transgender actors being turned down to play Transgender characters, which is highly unfair, as they are unable to thus share their own stories, nevermind the fact they ARE transgender. However, they are also not allowed to act as cisgender characters of their own gender, because they are, again, Trans.
Additionally, there are so few opportunities for African American actors, and actors of other minority groups, so yes, it is definitely a problem of race.
Your idea about race not mattering is true. Race should not matter, but the fact is that it does, and it has astronomical impacts on the way or society is run.
Allowing more ethnic groups other than caucasian into our movies, books and social media ALLOWS it to become more normal!!
It would allow African Americans to share their culture and ideas, which would lead to better understandings between cultures – that is what media is for, to share ideas.
Race would be less of a problem if we saw more than just white people.
One day, it will perhaps not even be an issue, because having these ethnic and marginalised groups in our daily lives and viewing will be normal and completely expected.
Overall, I find your information on Cleopatra’s heritage very useful and detailed, but your tone often comes across as rude and very mocking of people with a lesser understanding of Egyptian and Greek connections, which is why, I suspect, so many people reading this article have had an issue with your information.
[…] is depicted conjunct to Jupiter in the Dendera Zodiac — supposedly the oldest zodiac around. Cleopatra’s father supposedly died in 51 BC when that conjunction occurred — the great Nile queen herself died on […]
My issue with Duane Roller is that he is a liar and disgrace to his profession. All ancient Egyptians were black africans and to ask- but does it matter? If it didn’t matter then why lie and fabricate the facts? Why fabricate a white history that never happened in Africa? This man is a terrible so-called historian who believes that he and his cohorts can reinvent the true history.
[…] Cleopatra’s true racial background (and does it really matter?) – Such concerns have recently come to the forefront with the announcement that in at least one of the several Cleopatra movies currently planned. […]
i know this shit is a decade old but this was the worst research i’ve ever witnessed and the fact that you clearly don’t think it matters shows. save it for someone who cares next time.
The differentiation between “black African” and Egyptian makes no sense. The current racial makeup of Egypt is a result of mixing between native Egyptians and European colonizers, so if you are saying Egyptian to mean native Egyptians prior to this racial mixing, then you are talking about black Africans. This author is so unabashedly biased that it is laughable to think that anyone would take them seriously. To suggest that it doesn’t matter if a white actor is cast to play a black historical figure shows complete lack of understanding of racial dynamics. How about this? If you have not studied race and how it interacts with society, don’t comment on it. It’s fine to outline what we know about Cleopatra’s ethnic history, but leave it at that. Your opinion is ignorant, uninformed, and of no value whatsoever, so keep it to yourself.
People got mad because miles a black kid was spider man which shouldn’t matter. Next thing you know people gonna change Martin Luther King white. To act like they cared for us. Whites always tryna take take take till there’s nothing left. Playing asians, natives, blacks, etc. But as soon as someone do them the same way they want to raise hell but when it’s others it shouldn’t matter or everyone else is being dramatic. They all full sht.
i wonder if you understand that at Egyptians were from Nubia , i have Nubian blood and i descend from Ramses 3rd
This is simply another” GREEK MYTH” ;
How very odd, that some folk would rather indulge in MYTHS than deal with BLACK FOLKS
real history… (Strange).
Wow the amount of non Hellenes Macedonians claiming the ancestry is insane.
First you have Bulgarians speaking a Bulgaro-Serbian language, claiming to be Macedonians. Macedonians were Hellenes and the spoke Hellenic, wrote Hellenic, had Hellenic names, spread the Hellenic culture etc. They even participated in the Olympics, a place where ONLY Hellenes (Greeks) could participate.
Now off to the black afrocentrics claiming Egypt was black because “it is in Africa”. first of all the words Africa and Egypt are both Hellenic (Greek),
Α- Φρίκη = a (deprivative) + freak (extreme cold) = the place without cold.
Αίγυπτος = Αιγαίο + Ύπτιος (below the Aegean)
Second and most important, Egypt in ancient times were never regarded in Africa. It was regarded to be in the Middle East. also Indians are Asians, but they are not Chinese.
Sub Saharan Africans have little to nothing to do with Northern Africa. Northen Africa has been a place that was inhabited by Mediterraneans for thousands of years before the Arabs arrived.
Ancient Egyptians have absolutely nothing to do with sub Saharan Africans and thus nothing to do with the descendants of the laves that were sold to USA (aka African Americans). Nubians are Nubians, unless you are a Nubian you cannot claim you are part of them just because they have black skin. For the same reason both Swedes and Greeks are European but so totally different, the same thing happens with the sub saharan African people.
Cleopatra was Greek Macedonian, there is no way an illegitimate child would ever become a powerful Queen. There is absolutely no way her mother was Nubian black or a woman without a status (aka mixed).
Enlighten yourselves, and educate yourselves. you all want to belong somewhere and you are trying to cling into history that is glorious but not yours, just so you can feel good about yourselves.
Whoever knows history and has studied, knows these things. your feelings have no meaning when ti comes to biology, glossology, anthropology and history (and all these words are Greek, they are not sub saharan black words or slavic words)
Do you have evidence that Egyptians in Africa btw were not black. Just because modern Egyptians are are mixed with Arabic or Persian blood, it does not mean ancient Egyptians were Arabic they could have been black as night🙄
Mr. Roller, please stop spreading these falsehoods. Matter of fact answer this question- why would Cleopatra (and family) come all of the way to Egypt to worship Black Gods and Goddesses if she (and they) were what you wished them to be? Second, why not any other culture (India, Persia, etc) acquired by Alexander during that time, why Egypt? Even Alexander himself spent his last years in Egypt. Wonder why? Next, you spent upwards of 85% of your article discussing race yet kept emphasizing (when you could a word-in edgewise ‘around yourself’ mind you, that the article wasn’t about race). What kind of a Historical swindler are you? It was clearly a sly tactic that only makes you sound like more of a scammer. Last, what race was Marilyn Monroe? I’ll tell you- she was half black as was Mansfield, Carol Channing, and so many others. Certainly she was whiter than Cleopatra and a long time paramour of one of America’s most misunderstood Human Rights Leaders. After all, what you’re describing would have hardly appeared exotic to Caesar- hell, why would he not just marry his own sister? Geez.
You are ignorant, and bias. Prove “There is no room for anything else, certainly not for any black African blood.” I want you to go back in time, before the white man white-washed everything. You see the problem is the further you go back in history the blacker it is, and the white man hates that. He can hide the truth, but he cannot erase it. It’s part of the white man’s oppression. So before you go and try to confirm something in history know your truth. History DOES NOT begin with the white man, but with Alkebulan. Don’t forget. the white man lost his history until the moors saved his.
Black African is African period. If not black African they are colonizers period. There is no distinction between black African and African. This is a subtle means to separate the great kingdom of Egypt from the great continent of Africa.
Please stop all the lies. Of course color matters. Color matters in every aspect of life. It’s only a non issue if you are white. It matters on every single news report of a violent crime that reports 2 black males are wanted. Actually no one is truly white or black. Color means life and death while driving while black on the wrong road when stoped by a angry man in blue. So please my white friends don’t ever say color doesn’t matter about anything ever again! Egypt is on the African Continent. Egypt was and is a African country. Africans range from very light brown to very dark brown. Facts are facts. 10 generations and 1/3 Egyptian blood would never yield milky white skin like Liz Taylor.
Yes Cleopatra was a black woman…I don’t care if this is Oxford University, you need to get your facts straight before you publish fake info….the Caucasian race has been riding the coat tails of every nationality for decades…
It is funny that every time when it’s white it’s okay but as soon as we start trying to prove she wasn’t White oh it’s doesn’t matter if it didn’t matter you want to pretend that she was white like everybody else in history
bulls—- you wish
[…] Duane W. Roller wrote — a decade ago — at the Oxford University Press blog, that “it has been suggested […]
[…] Duane W. Roller wrote — a decade ago — at the Oxford University Press blog, that “it has been suggested […]
[…] Duane W. Roller wrote — a decade ago — at the Oxford University Press blog, that “it has been suggested […]
[…] Duane W. Roller ¨Cleopatra’s true racial background (and does it really matter?)¨ : https://blog.oup.com/2010/12/cleopatra-2/ […]
[…] the Oxford University Press blog, Cleopatra biographer Duane W. Curler has famous that, “the very best proof reveals that […]
[…] the Oxford University Press blog, Cleopatra biographer Duane W. Curler has famous that, “one of the best proof exhibits that […]
To the victor go the spoils. History is written by the winners.
Africa had civilization long before the rest of the world.
Africa is the origin of species homo sapiens.
The Greeks were comprised of a hundred different genetic origins resulting from that territory being overrun scores of times.
An artist has license to make anyone look any way they choose.
The human race is one race – Circumstance has graced it with variety.
Believe none of what you hear and half of what you see.
What a tone deaf blog entry that has not aged well. Yes, her race/ethnicity matter. It’s called the whitewashing of history and art history.
Does it matter that Barack Obama is Black? That Mansa Musa was African? That Andromeda has been whitewashed throughout the history of art? Of course it does. Think beyond the tip of your own nose.
Cleopatra was Macedonian, that entire dynasty was. They were all born into the same family.
Ramses II etc, however, that family- they had very different genetics but they were Egyptian. But the genetics of what it meant to be Egyptian changed many times over the centuries
[…] best as historians can tell, she was actually Greek—a descendent of Alexander the Great’s Macedonian general […]
I started researching this topic – Cleopatra’s black ancestry, if she has it – the minute I saw Michelangelo’s sketch of her. Look it up, y’all. Beautiful.
She lived and died long before Michelangelo, of course, but the portrait really, really looks like it was modeled on a young woman of African descent.
Also, no matter who’s noting what about faces on Macedonian coins, or whether there was a concubine in the family who wasn’t Greek, and so on and so forth, Mr. Roller misses a big point: Paternity was only a presumption in Cleopatra’s day anyway. People had affairs. Records got lost. Things were erased — probably from all our own family trees, too.
everyone that wants to present her as black should…and those that want to say she’s greek or macedonian or olive skinned should also. what matters is that your presentation gets across the point that you are trying to get across. most ‘historical’ sources are questionable…from stuff in the recent past to that which is ancient. they say history is written by the victors. everyone has their own agenda. the spanish armada wasn’t really an armada (much less defeated by england), marie antoinette didn’t really tell them to eat cake, an apple a day doesn’t really keep the doctor away (made up by the apple growers), and you using only 10% of your brain isn’t how biology works. really…if lucy lu was cleopatra in a movie and she did some academy award acting, would you notice? …or would you be hung up and bent out of shape because of where her ancestors came from at a certain point in the past? what about if john travolta or octavia spencer played her?
too be honest…i’m very against english actors playing americans. they have no clue what it’s like to be an american. total bullsh1t.
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The Estée Lauder Companies has always understood the importance of embedding social impact across the company. “As a Beauty Inspired, Values Driven company, our values aren’t just in our words, but also in how we act,” says Eric Douilhet, General Manager (Canada) at Estée Lauder. “It’s a fundamental part of who we are.”
Living by its values has driven the company to align itself with many noble initiatives over the years, committing to have a positive impact on its employees, its communities, and the planet. One of these commitments has been to Look Good Feel Better (LGFB). Estée Lauder has proudly been supporting LGFB since its inception in 1989 in the U.S., and from its expansion into Canada in 1992. In other words, The Estée Lauder Companies has been on board with LGFB since day one.
Uniting beauty companies for a common cause
“The Estée Lauder Companies has and continues to contribute in many arenas such as product donations, charitable initiatives, and employee volunteer support to LGFB’s incredible work providing support, resources, and beauty techniques to female cancer patients to help them look and feel their best during treatment,” says Douilhet. “It’s inspiring that this partnership has grown into a global program, one that we now support in Canada and many other markets in the communities in which we live and work.”
Douilhet also notes the power of different beauty companies uniting together for a common cause. LGFB’s goal of supporting women with cancer and feeling beautiful and confident is one that many cosmetic brands believe in.
A commitment that aligns with Estée Lauder’s corporate culture
Estée Lauder’s partnership with LGFB is a perfect fit as giving back, being of service, and doing community work are all in the company’s DNA.
“Inspired by our founder Mrs. Estée Lauder’s belief that we’re only as strong as the communities we work in, our company culture of giving and strong commitment to service remains core to our Lauder Family values, which continue to guide us today,” says Douilhet. “Through our social impact initiatives such as our partnership with LGFB, we unleash our collective generosity of spirit to continue to bring the best to everyone we touch.”
The Lauder Family values of respect for the individual, uncompromising ethics and integrity, generosity of spirit, and fearless persistence are the guiding principles that drive its actions.
A powerful impact that radiates outward
The Estée Lauder Companies’ work with LGFB has proven to be a powerful unifier for its team and customers alike. For some, like Douilhet, the commitment is deeply personal.
“My mother was diagnosed with breast cancer two years ago,” says Douilhet. “As she went through that experience, I saw how much her resilience and strength depended on how much she was supported by the people around her. I’m so thankful to all the people who supported her. It played a major role in her recovery.”
Realizing firsthand the incredible impact that an organization like LGFB can have, Douilhet is now prouder than ever to support the program. The partnership is also a point of pride, strength, and support for Estée Lauder’s team members and customers.
“Through our partnership with LGFB, we aim to bring a positive impact to our customers experiencing cancer treatment by inspiring them to express their individual beauty at a time when they need to most,” says Douilhet. “LGFB also becomes a vital resource for our employees when cancer impacts their own lives or the lives of their loved ones.” | <urn:uuid:69b0c353-4052-458a-8023-c25db3d9e62f> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,531 |
On Thursday, three additional accusers in the Jerry Sandusky’s sex-abuse trial testified against him; the first to testify claimed that the former coach named himself the “tickle monster” while in the shower with him.
Another alleged victim stated that he forced him into doing sex acts when he spent over a hundred nights at the ex-coach’s house. In addition, Anthony Sassano, an investigator from the state, stated that they could identify some of Sandusky’s alleged victims by lists and pictures confiscated from the plaintiff’s home and office. However, the university was “not very quick” in giving the authorities any information for the investigation.
Another alleged victim testified that he loved Sandusky looked to him as a father figure. But, he stated that when he moved away the former coach never attempted to reach out to him, and that angered him.
After the three accusers testified on Thursday, that brought the total number of believed victims, that took the stand, to eight over the first four days of the trial. In addition, the jury was informed of two additional assumed victims who investigators have been unable to locate.
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|You are in: Education|
Wednesday, 15 March, 2000, 13:20 GMT
Anger at scheme for failing schools
The government has run into a storm with its latest idea to revive underperforming schools.
The Education Secretary, David Blunkett, proposed on Wednesday that "city academies" could be set up using "substantial" capital investment from business or voluntary, religious or private foundations.
The state would pay the running costs, but local education authorities would be left out of the loop - which has angered their representatives.
The academies would have new governing bodies, the right to operate their own curriculum, and freedom to "reinvent" the school day and pay their teachers more.
Mr Blunkett told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "We will be developing the city academies as an alternative where there is consistent failure, where the alternative is that the children and the community no longer have a school at all and the children have to be moved out of the area."
Asked who would be willing to put money into city academies, he said: "There are people on the sidelines now who are prepared to do that, because they actually care about what is happening to inner city education."
Where a local authority was failing to provide the education children needed, Mr Blunkett said, "we have an obligation to do something for those children and for the community, because a school is part of a community.
"If it dies, it is not merely the teachers that have to move on, it is the children whose life chances are destroyed."
Teachers' unions and the Conservatives said the idea, unveiled by Mr Blunkett in a speech to the Social Market Foundation think tank, amounted to a government admission that previous initiatives were not working.
The government says the new academies would be distinguished from the City Technology Colleges (CTCs) established under the previous Conservative government - though created under the same legislation - by having a wider range of sponsors.
This may be the weakness of the scheme. The Tories managed to establish only 15 CTCs and found it hard to drum up support.
When the present government introduced education action zones in an effort to drive up standards in a cluster of schools, most of the bids came from local education authorities rather than outside firms.
Perhaps the most fruitful option will be the involvement of religious groups. The Church of England, keen to expand the number of secondary schools it runs, is already examining the possibility of taking over failing schools.
The city academies would add to Mr Blunkett's existing "fresh start" initiative, under which failing schools are closed and re-opened with a new head and staff.
The Shadow Education Secretary, Theresa May, said the idea was an "admission of the failure of the government's policy on failing schools".
"He has had to adopt Conservative policies to provide freedom for all these schools," she said.
"We want to see the same freedom of self-management and self-determination given to all schools.
"It is time that Mr Blunkett admitted the failure of Labour's centralising, bureaucratic and prescriptive education policy and gave all schools the freedom to run themselves."
Nigel de Gruchy, general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers, said: "This whole business smacks of a touch of panic. They seem to be realising that their initiatives are not working.
"They will not confront the brutal reality which is that these fresh start schools need brilliant leadership backed up by the ability to deal with disruptive youngsters.
"New sponsors and fancy new names will not change that."
The Local Government Association said initiative was an attempt to circumvent the involvement of local education authorities in schools.
Its education chairman, Graham Lane, said: "This is something that is not acceptable. This is the beginning of removing education from local government.
"This is a half-baked idea from the US designed to deflect attention from the failure of 'fresh start'."
He said schools were successfully turned around through a partnership of local government, headteachers, teachers and governors.
"We don't need another untested and alien gimmick that will undermine the progress being made."
John Dunford, general secretary of the Secondary Heads Association, said: "Today's proposal for city academies is the sticking plaster over the government's failure to provide adequate support for schools serving the most disadvantaged communities.
"The proposals fall well short of the coherent policy necessary to help schools in these situations and they are no more of an answer than parachuting in 'superheads.'
"The government must recognise that the problems of these schools are largely rooted in the communities they serve. David Blunkett cannot put the blame on the schools and their talented leaders."
The Liberal Democrat education spokesman, Phil Willis, said there was no "quick fix" for failing schools.
"Renaming schools for the third time will achieve nothing. Improving schools requires patience, commitment and resources.," he said.
Theresa May also denigrated Mr Blunkett's other initiative - to be announced in a speech to the Social Market Foundation on Wednesday evening but already widely reported - of encouraging schools to lengthen the "learning day".
He wants to guarantee older primary and secondary children at least three hours education a week outside the normal school day.
Ms May complained that Mr Blunkett was "sending out another set of orders".
So did the National Union of Teachers. Its general secretary, Doug McAvoy, linked the suggestion that teachers would voluntarily cover the extra hours with a long-standing objection to the introduction of performance-related pay for teachers in England this September.
"When the secretary of state says 'voluntary' it easily becomes coercion," he said.
"Heads will be tempted to use the payment by results system to press-gang teachers, already overworked and over-stressed, into undertaking additional duties, responsibilities and hours of work.
"If headteachers or governing bodies seek to impose such an extension that means action including where necessary strike action."
15 Mar 00 | Education
Ex-superhead backs academies
11 Jan 00 | Education
Church plans to run more schools
12 Mar 00 | Education
Extra hours for school children
13 Mar 00 | Education
More pupils paid to attend school
01 Mar 00 | Education
Closure threat to failing schools
30 Apr 99 | Education
Action zone money for 'worst' schools
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What today’s fitness technology means for tomorrow’s office
At 5:37 a.m., Nina’s alarm softly begins to buzz and glow. It has calculated her recovery time based on her previous day’s workout and monitored her sleep tracker to identify the best point in her REM cycle to wake her up. After rising, she grabs a healthy breakfast and her PrepPad or Drop connected kitchen scale records the fat, protein, calories, and carbohydrates in her meal.
For athletes like Nina, this kind of technology-enabled tracking is now standard. When Nina hits the gym for her daily routine, she warms up on a treadmill equipped with sensors to help gauge when she is striking at her optimal force. As she practices technique and form, a ‘smart’ surface records the location and duration of each move. Her training regimen is personalized based on this data; ‘instead of working off a generalized idea of what an athlete needs to be successful, [data analysis] has identified the specific abilities that a player requires to excel in a given sport.’ (From Faster, Higher, Stronger, by Mark McClusky)
Professional athletes today increasingly rely on Internet-connected devices and sensors to boost performance. Yet, the potential of such devices — commonly called the “Internet of Things” — extends beyond sports and fitness; as “weekend warriors” begin to bring these technologies mainstream, it is not hard to imagine that similar devices may soon also help us better understand other complex personal pursuits, such as creativity and productivity at work. As Laszlo Bock, who runs Google’s People Operations, notes: “We all have our opinions and case studies, but there is precious little scientific certainty around how to build great work environments, cultivate high-performing teams, maximize productivity, or enhance happiness.”
Today, many organizations tackle these questions with an industrial-organizational approach, diagnosing the issues most relevant to their workforce using tools such as annual surveys and benchmarking. But today’s approach seldom offers insight on “what works” — ways to track, teach, or reinforce new behaviors, or to see if specific initiatives are achieving the desired effect. Solutions to complex challenges like productivity or satisfaction often vary by organization, and demand better, real-time measurement and testing to enable experimentation.
By weaving together our physical and digital environments, sensors could help organizations analyze how factors like mood, focus, social engagement, or movement contribute to the employee experience — and even help replicate or enhance this experience. Consider how this new technology could impact how companies do work, assess outcomes, and enable employees to thrive.
“A lot of people today are just getting told to do stuff — [we have] a very task-driven culture that produces noise around meetings, calendars, emails, and status reports, rather than saying, ‘here’s what we are trying to achieve, any ideas on how to contribute and add value?’” observes Kris Duggan, founder of Betterworks, a startup focused on enterprise goal-setting. Shifting mindsets may require a different set of tools to enable individual contribution. Organizations might replace the status reports and meetings that monitor progress today with tools and information that help employees achieve more — just as embedded sensors at the gym help athletes shape more effective workout plans. UPS has embraced this idea, using sensors to monitor how delivery drivers stack packages to identify the most efficient approach, or to provide feedback to individual drivers on how often they engage in risky driving behaviors, such as backing up or turning left. Where feedback today is often limited to infrequent formal reviews, the information generated by workplace devices could provide employees consistent insight on how to contribute more effectively. It even transforms the role of managers from critic to consultant — like an athletic coach, working hand-in-hand to address issues and achieve goals.
The same principle is just as applicable to creative and collaborative pursuits: more information about how we work can drive new ways of working. Consider the “balance table” piloted at Salesforce.com: the underlit table has LEDs that glow to reflect how much each person in a meeting has spoken, making participants more aware that they may be dominating the conversation and less inclined toward long soliloquies. People have more opportunity to contribute, and connected devices can help achieve the same result through other avenues, too. In the next evolution of crowdsourcing platforms, for example, a beacon by the coffeemaker could share questions for teammates to think about while their coffee brews — driving collaboration at a natural time, without forcing a meeting onto the schedule.
Beyond individual improvement, connected devices could also provide better insight than traditional methods into how to design the workplace. “In traditional social science, you ask people questions using surveys. Typically, this just gets you responses that are socially acceptable but do not really reflect reality. Reality mining is about what you actually do,” notes Sandy Pentland, author of Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread — The Lessons from a New Science. Emerging microsurvey or “pulsing” platforms reflect a similar shift in workforce assessment. As sensors offer even better measurement capabilities for these experiments, they have the potential to spawn a new approach — “employee sensing” — that includes rapid-cycle versus annual insights, passive versus active inputs, and custom experiments versus leading practices.
Deloitte’s practice in Canada, for example, recently experimented with how connected devices might provide insight into redesigning a work environment. Working with Pentland’s team from MIT Media Lab, the St. John’s office deployed sociometric badges with three basic sensors: location, motion, and sound pitch. Based on the aggregate data from teams that opted-in, Deloitte measured activity in both the old and new workspace to track the impact of the open-concept redesign as well as understand how the new space was being used. Measuring sound pitch and motion data, researchers could gauge energy levels, while tracking the overlap in badges’ location and sound data helped track social interaction. These new performance indicators suggested both that social interaction doubled in the new spaces, and that the space also fostered interactions outside typical functional groups. But the badges also uncovered an anomaly: rooms with treadmill desks showed little movement, despite being a top request from employees. The researchers followed up with employees, and learned that they valued the privacy these rooms offered — a scarce commodity in the new open floorplan — and were using the rooms for conversations and calls, uncovering the need for more enclosed space in future office designs.
Just like today’s step-counters improve fitness outcomes by creating awareness, measuring workplace behaviors could help employees understand when they are more likely to be creative or productive. Empowered by this data, employees can make individual adjustments — even for personal wellbeing or other “nonwork” factors that correlate with engagement. French gaming company Ubisoft, for example, recently offered their employees the opportunity to monitor their own stress, and saw stress levels drop 50% during the pilot program just by increasing awareness. Where a corporate program would have been difficult to design, individuals were able to make personal changes and see what worked. As author Mark McClusky notes about athletics in his book Faster, Higher, Stronger, we treat performance “like a group project, when in fact it’s an extremely personal one.”
Organizations often suffer from the same assumptions, and have only recently shifted to place greater emphasis on the individual’s role in organizational activities: moving from “recruit” to “attract” or from “train” to “learn.” As organizations look to improve engagement, it too will have to become less prescriptive, and the data from connected devices could enable individuals to better calibrate their own satisfaction and productivity. With greater insight on how dimensions such as stress, diet, or exercise impact their work, employees can craft precise — and likely nontraditional — daily routines. As Alexi Carli, global health and safety manager at UPS, notes, “If you want to nurture genuine engagement, it has to be less top-down and more bottom up … real employee creativity comes when you loosen the reins.”
For some, this vision of a technology-enabled “quantified workplace” will elicit immediate questions about privacy, and barriers to adoption are certainly more social than technical. Surprisingly, the best response to these concerns may be the outcomes from these early enterprise experiments. With the level of productivity it achieves, UPS can pay drivers some of the highest salaries in the industry. Deloitte consultants in the St. John’s office found sensors a less intrusive form of assessment than having traditional ethnographers observe and record office dynamics. And the Ubisoft employees who reduced their stress likely boosted not only productivity, but also their personal health. As organizations vie to keep top talent, they have the incentive to use these devices positively — to make work a better experience for their employees.
The sensitivity around privacy also highlights the importance of investing in incremental change, experimentation, and workforce feedback. Where mobile phones saw top-down enterprise-wide adoption, connected devices will likely be more effective in pockets, addressing demand for information on specific, pressing issues. To start, many organizations may need to identify or create this demand — measuring performance for business events critical to success, or developing a more rapid goal-setting process. Then, organizations should identify the minimum level of technology needed to measure actions, analyze information, and improve outcomes — much like Deloitte Canada chose to focus on three sensors that could fit in the badges employees already wore.
When implemented effectively, connected devices could generate new dimensions and magnitude of data, and drive new levels of employee insight and productivity — potentially doing for creative work what Frederick Taylor’s 19th century motion studies did for industrial development. Admittedly, this may seem like a big claim for today’s consumer-focused Internet of Things, where applications often seem more like novelties than solutions to real problems. But technology usually evolves far beyond the initial “killer app”: personal computers, for example, originally gained popularity as an improved typewriter, and mobile phones initially offered just voice. Similarly, fitness may be the primary function of many connected devices today, but organizations should look beyond wellness programs; in a race for talent, these devices may offer organizations the same thing they offer athletes today: a competitive edge. | <urn:uuid:8d483a5a-a073-4e86-9788-e04850f4fa4e> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 11,198 |
It is always exciting to get out-of-town, whether it is for a quick trip or a few weeks or months abroad. Regardless of your destination or length of your trip, you will need to pack. For some people this process is easy, but for some who have never been abroad, trying to figure out what to bring and what not to bring can be a challenging.
When traveling abroad, here are a few items you should avoid bringing.
Instruments: You may be excited about your new guitar from Guitar Center, but it wouldn’t be a good idea to bring this on your trip. Not only can it be a pain to carry it around, you are also making yourself a target for thieves. Unless you are a traveling musician or plan to use your guitar every day while you are away, leaving it at home would be wise.
Electronics: Like many of the items you shouldn’t take abroad with you, it is tempting to bring your electronics. A camera and your phone are appropriate, as you will need to contact people and take pictures of your adventures, but anything else may be too much. Of course, if there is a safe place to store more electronics and you see a purpose, exceptions can be made.
Expensive jewelry: Everyone likes to look good, whether they are in the U.S. or traveling abroad. For some, looking good will call for them to accessorize. Sure, wearing your most expensive pieces of jewelry will make you look great, but they also make you appealing to robbers. Instead of bringing expensive jewelry, opt for things that can easily be replaced.
While on your trip, you may want to bring certain things along to make yourself feel a bit more comfortable. Because of this, when you pack, you will be tempted to almost pack up your entire home and load it on the plane. Of course, this is not the best idea, so when you are packing, it is important to bring only what you need instead of what you want. | <urn:uuid:869ee8c2-3fa8-4e2f-8119-aba1da84637d> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,858 |
Bangalore is one among the most developed cities in India and perhaps one of the best environments for entrepreneurship with the IT firms employing 35% of the aspiring population of India. That’s one of the prime reasons why the real estate industry of Bangalore is also flourishing in leaps and bounds as there is a perennial demand of 2 and 3-BHK apartments and homes for sale. Although the demand for properties in Bangalore is always there in more or less every area, especially the newly developing areas, the demand for apartments for sale is probably the most in the areas near the Tech Parks and one such highly populated tech park is Manyata Tech Park.
The demand for apartments near Manyata Tech Park is high owing to the location of Manyata Tech Park itself, spread across 424 acres. Being one of the leading software parks of the city and the volume of the working population engaged in it makes the area near the Park a sought after one. The area is endowed with superb connectivity with rail and road communication facilities and it’s also closer to the central business districts of the city. That makes the place the working population’s first choice pushing the demand for apartments near Manyata Tech Park higher. The analysts think that the demand of the homes and apartments near Manyata Tech Park and surrounding areas are at its peak with an end note that investment in real estate should be properly timed.
What’s considered a good investment in real estate?
An excellent investment in real estate is one that gives you a return on investment of double or triple the amount invested in a few years. It means that the home or the apartment for sale that you decide to buy today should yield a value of triple the amount invested in a span of five years. The fact is that the areas where the demand is high and there is moderate land supply, there would be a supply of real estate and 2 and 3-BHK apartments for sale built by different builders and real estate development firms.
There would also be a supply of commercial real estate with a gradual increment of social infrastructure in the area. This, in turn, increases the demand of the area and escalates the prices of apartments for sale in the area. This is exactly the case that is happening near the areas in the vicinity of Manyata Tech Park. Although the demand for apartments near Manyata Tech Park is pretty high, there is a quite high supply of homes and apartments for sale in the area too.
The other reasons for higher demand in the area are:
1. Large IT Park with Industrial Growth
Manyata Tech Park is one of the largest tech parks in Asia with the largest IT companies like TCS, Microsoft, IBM, Mcafee Software, Philips, Hitachi, Cisco Rolls-Royce, Nokia Networks, Intel Tech, Samsung, KPMG, Larsen & Toubro Technology Services, and several others. With the award of “Best IT Park” conferred to the Park in 2013 and with over 1,50,000 employees working in various companies, the frontrunners of the IT industry are choosing to set up their base in the park. This, in turn, is raising the purchasing power of the people desirous to settle in the area and looking for apartments near Manyata Tech Park. This has increased the demand for the high-end homes and apartments near Manyata Tech Park too with many developers targeting the segment.
2. Social Infrastructure
The residents of the houses, homes, and the apartments near Manyata Tech Park enjoy the dotting social infrastructure like schools, colleges, offices, markets, supermarkets, and malls in the areas near the tech park. The apartments near Manyata Tech Park, constructed by different developers in the nearby areas offer you a minimum lifestyle desired by the aspiring buyers! The reason is, the target audience asks for a minimum standard of lifestyle for which all the apartments have all or several amenities to keep the lifestyle offered, competitive. Apart from these, other utility centres like fire stations, police service, banks, and financial institutions, along with health care services are also present in the area.
Along with the social infrastructure, the upcoming transport infrastructure would also be strengthening the transport facility of the area as the extension of Namma Metro starts operational. That would also boost the property values of the area.
3. Promise of Peace
Peace is one of the desired features that the residents and the home seekers in the area look for as a mandatory factor. The apartments near Manyata Tech Park built by developers, be it in the affordable segment or the luxury segment promises a great and regal lifestyle with all amenities and ample greeneries to relish life. Living in these apartments would certainly ensure peaceful living with a serene surrounding in harmony with nature.
4. Transportation Network
Proximity to the International Airport and various IT companies and Tech Parks along with the accessibility to the Outer Ring Road opens doors for the area to have connectivity to the rest of the city. Being close to Hebbal and also the railway stations and the six-lane roads, the service of BMTC buses connecting other important parts of Bengaluru is also quite strong and frequent.
With so many options of homes and apartments near Manyata Tech Park, it may be a daunting task to select the right property for investment. The analysts feel that the escalation of the property value and the prospects of the area is one of the best in Bangalore. Keeping that in mind there are different grades of developers who have built projects with 1,2,3 and 4-BHK apartments near Manyata Tech Park. Most of them have the minimum amenities too for you to choose from.
There are high-end projects with super-luxury apartments as well. The experts feel that as the rate of growth of prices of properties in the area is high, the wise decision would be to invest on multiple properties rather than going for a property exceeding a crore of rupees as the increment of value of such properties may be marginal compared to the affordable ones. The area provides 1-BHK apartments near the Manyata Tech Park at a price of about Rs. 20 lakhs and 2- BHK apartment starts at Rs. 25 lakhs to Rs. 30 lakhs depending on the builder you choose. Nevertheless, there are branded builders of both the affordable and the luxury segment present in the area with spectacular projects for aspiring home seekers to choose from. | <urn:uuid:ca27f244-d57e-4e61-8e7a-ff728601d578> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 6,410 |
1 hour, 10 minutes
- Cut a 1/8-inch slice across the stem end of each tomato; core and seed tomatoes. Sprinkle salt inside tomatoes and place them upside down on several layers of paper towels. Let stand 30 minutes to drain. Press dry paper towels into tomatoes to remove any remaining moisture.
- Preheat oven to 375°F. Heat oil in a 12-inch skillet over medium heat. Add broccoli, onion and garlic; sauté until onion is tender, stirring often. Add shrimp, orzo, pine nuts, 2 tablespoons of the Parmesan, and basil; mix well.
- Spoon shrimp mixture into tomatoes and place in a shallow baking dish. Sprinkle with remaining 1 tablespoon oil and remaining 2 tablespoons Parmesan. Bake 20 minutes or until tops are golden.
View all nutritional information
Calories 176, Calories Fat , Total Fat 9g, Saturated Fat 1g, Cholesterol 24mg, Sodium 502mg, Carbohydrate 17g, Protein 8g
|Total Fat (extra)||15|
|Saturated Fat (extra)||7|
|Vitamin A (extra)||24|
|Vitamin C (extra)||42| | <urn:uuid:1da5f541-ddbf-4fee-90c9-a19213ccb6cf> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 975 |
Sarah jane arma odal first essay: maus date: february 23, 2013 “holocaust survivor” art spiegelman’s famous book maus tells a story about the holocaust that happened during the second world war that killed many people, mostly jews, and the relationship of the author with his father. Holocaust: the holocaust and survivor remembers essay 9-r research paper during the holocaust 11 million people died, 6 million of which were jews, but only a few in comparison rose above all, overcoming the evil and even helping others. The holocaust: number the stars the title of my book is number the stars by lois lowry and it is a historical fiction my book was about a jewish girl named ellen that stays with her best friend's family the johansens to avoid being caught by the nazis and relocated along with her family. The museum’s behind every name a story project gives voice to the experiences of survivors during the holocaust agnes’s story my name is agnes gertrude wohl (maiden name mendelovits), born in budapest, hungary, on march 3, 1933 until march 19, 1944, my life was a very typical life of a middle-class jewish child in a modern, orthodox family.
Two page essay on the holocaust essay on why i like rainy season in puerto useful words for literature essays essay on christopher columbus ohio baldwin comparative critical essay james morrison theoretical toni personal admission essay. There are few periods of time in history that are darker or more shocking than the holocaust and while the majority of people today understand at least vaguely what the holocaust was, there are actually a growing number of younger people that don't fully understand or even know what it involved. Writing essays about the holocaust can be a helpful way for students to understand it and its historical significance this lesson offers topics that will help get your students thinking critically.
The holocaust is a dark page in the history of europeans it was genocide of more than six million european jews during world war ii performed by the nazi germany these six million people who were exterminated made two-thirds of the jews population who had lived in europe before the holocaust. Before i start rambling on about my opinion in this case of world war two, i would like to state the fact that i went on a field trip before writing this essay. One of the many important and most memorable incidents of world war two would be the holocaust during the holocaust, the germans who were known as the nazis, considered the jews to be “enemy aliens.
In many countries, museums and memorials have been set up to remember the victims of the final solution, which is known in yiddish as the destruction (churban), in hebrew as the catastrophe (shoah), and, more generally, as the holocaust special ceremonies are now held by jews throughout the world on holocaust memorial day. Essay on my aim in life to become a scientist in english paryavaran ki raksha essay comparison essay between two pictures essay for the hunger games drug abuse research paper conclusion paragraphs essay on water scarcity the essay my school. 2 holocaust essay the holocaust - 820 words miranda watts mrs adams world history 7 november 2012 research project auschwitz the holocaust was a horrific time period where unthinkable crimes were committed against the jews, gypsies, and other racial groups. Free essay: holocaust museum my mom, my cousin and i all went to the holocaust museum in richmond home page essay on holocaust museum essay on holocaust museum 870 words may 3rd, 2012 4 pages show more the holocaust was a devastating time during world war two,that changed the lives of many people all over the world the name.
The holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, by 1945, the germans and their collaborators killed nearly two out of every three european jews as part of the final solution the final solution was the nazi policy to murder the jews of europe 2. Holocaust essay it is not a story of remarkable people it is a story of just how remarkable people can be helmreich w introduction: the word “holocaust” came into our language from greek it is a word that was used to identify sacrifices that ancient jews made to their god during these sacrifices people were burnt in fire. We the keen essays staff, offer quality assistance to students by providing high quality term papers, essays, dissertations, research writing and thesis i spent two days with my friends while you created a brilliant term paper for me thanks for all of your help 3 march 2017dan shaun, brazil. The holocaust was the systematic annihilation of six million jews during the nazi genocide - in 1933 nine million jews lived in the 21 countries of europe that would be occupied by nazi germany during world war 2 by 1945 two out of every three european jews had been killed. We will write a custom essay sample on holocaust reflection specifically for you for only $1638 $139/page there are two sides to the question of if the holocaust could have been stopped one would be no, because during that time germany and hitler was very powerful and one fatal move could have brought major destruction.
A different view of world war two: global territory and the end of the holocaust 1173 words | 5 pages the extent to which world war two was a war against world domination, this essay will attempt to present and evaluate evidence which takes into account how global territory was divided up before the start of the war and the interests of both the allied and the axis powers with regards to. Research papers on the holocaust can focus on many aspects of the tragic occurrence have created works which provide an insight into the many different facets of the holocaust experience these two books are incredibly different in style, content, and emotion how to write a research paper on the holocaust this page is designed to. The holocaust, defined as a whole burnt sacrifice was a historical conflict between the nazis and jews in a broader perspective, conflict between the aryan race and all other inferior races.
The holocaust essay the holocaust is a terrible event, a genocide of more than 6 million jews which took place during the world war ii it was a so-called “program of systematic extermination of jewish men, women and children by nazi germany” all over the occupied territory. Holocaust essay keyword essays and term papers available at echeatcom, the largest free essay community. Holocaust essays: medical experiments of the holocaust the following are essays created by a class studying the holocaust if you’d like to send your comments, please contact the instructor.
Holocaust reflection essay guilana tedeschi, a holocaust survivor said, “there is a place on earth that is a vast desolate wilderness, a place populated by the shadows of the dead in their multitudes, a place where the living are dead, where only death, pain and hate exist”(brent. Essays night- elie wiesel night- elie wiesel in exchange for two bowls of soup ” (page 62) i was shocked when i read these sentences because it showed jews taking other jews to the gallows in exchange for food but on the other hand, it makes me mad at the germans because they provided the jews with so little food, that they were. The holocaust & world war ii - assignment 3: primary sources essay 1933-1939,' or 'isolation and ghettoization' and discuss at least two examples of how jews were systematically isolated and. Visit the holocaust museum in washington dc write reflective 2 page paper of your feelings as you explored the various exhibits the paper is to be written in 12 font and needs to be two pages long - no longer and no shorter. | <urn:uuid:fb2e28b1-0401-4185-b74b-a51ca8044eaf> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 7,667 |
Originally Posted by HOU-TEX
We've had 20+ point leads in these first 4 games. I reckon any RB would have an extensive amount of carries if their team was up 20 in every game. Will this happen every week? I highly doubt it.
Right now, this is no issue to me
But that's what I don't understand. You have Tate and Forsett. Why does Arian have to have so many carries when you're already up? | <urn:uuid:339bcedd-a9b5-4e23-9b75-9c77438ba6df> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 388 |
SINGAPORE - Japanese top idol girl group AKB48 will open their first overseas theatre here in Singapore.
The world's first AKB48 Cafe, as well as South-east Asia's first AKB48 official shop, will also be located in Singapore. This is part of the idol group's plan to develop a J-pop experiential project in Singapore.
The project will be housed at *SCAPE in Orchard Road.
A spokesperson for the group, Mr Yasushi Akimoto, said he wanted to bring idols and fans closer through interactions and live concerts and events.
"By locating AKB48's theme shop and cafe adjacent to the Live Hall, this will make them more accesible to Singaporeans.
"I hope that they can feel and enjoy AKB48 and better appreciate live concerts. It will be great if fans in Singapore can eventually identifty with and see AKB48 as their own idols someday," he said.
The live concerts, themed as "The Akihabara Experience", will let locals experience AKB48's "live concerts" on a regular basis starting from May 15 this year.
16 members of AKB48 and their sister groups will fly to Singapore for two days a month, with two concerts a day.
Each ticket will cost $50 and can be booked on their official website (www.akb48.com.sg) or purchased at the AKB48 official shop.
Fans or members of the public can purchase official AKB48 merchandise from the AKB48 Official Shop, which will be launched on May 14 at 1pm. Selected AKB48 members will be there to grace the opening.
Items that can be purchased include T-shirts, pen cases and photos.
Another part of the project will include the world's first AKB48 cafe where Japanese fusion food and desert will be made available for customers. There will also be screening of video clips and messages from AKB48 members. | <urn:uuid:2a25944f-3bbf-43a8-98ab-b2d6aaa637a4> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,731 |
Abraham Bloemaert (1564-1651)
As a child, Bloemaert moved with his family from Gorinchem to Utrecht. He was apprenticed to no less than five different masters, among them his father Cornelis Bloemaert I. Having travelled to Paris and Amsterdam, in 1593 Bloemaert returned to Utrecht. There he was to remain for the rest of his life. Abraham Bloemaert acquired a name for his paintings of mythological and religious subjects. Bloemaert - a pious Catholic in the Protestant Northern Netherlands - received numerous commissions from the Catholic Church. Bloemaert’s early paintings feature the exaggerated, elongated and muscular figures of mannerist art. In the 1620s, when his career was at its height, his style began to change. Influenced by his pupils, including Gerard van Honthorst and Hendrick ter Bruggen, he painted a number of works in the Caravaggist manner. | <urn:uuid:bb28c26c-ff11-4c8f-a171-2be10d577cc1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 867 |
Private dentistry provides a complete treatment that responds to each family member’s specific requirements when it comes to maintaining the oral health of your family. From routine check-ups to cutting-edge procedures like dental implants, private dentists in Cardiff offer an extensive range of dental services. In this article, we’ll talk about the perks of private dentistry for families, highlighting the comprehensive treatment they provide.
1. Personalised Approach to Care
- Private dentistry focuses on providing elderly persons with personalised care and attention. Dentists spend time learning about their patients issues, medical history, and present dental conditions. This personalised approach guarantees that treatment programmes are adapted to the patient’s specific needs, resulting in best outcomes and patient comfort.
2. A wide range of Services
- Services are provided by private dentistry, including preventive, restorative, and cosmetic treatments for every member of the family.
- For both children and adults, regular checkups, cleanings, and oral hygiene instruction help preserve healthy teeth and gums..
- For both teenagers and adults, cosmetic dentistry operations including veneers, tooth whitening, and orthodontic alternatives improve smiles and increase confidence.
3. Child-Friendly Environment
- For the convenience of young patients, private dental offices often establish a friendly, kid-friendly environment.
- Paediatric dentists in private practice focus on the oral health of kids and use methods to reduce fear and build a relaxed atmosphere.
- Fluoride applications, dental sealants, and early orthodontic assessments are some of the services available to kids
4. Focus on Preventive Care
- To minimise the possibility of dental problems and ensure long-term oral health, private dentistry places a strong emphasis on dental hygiene.
- To help prevent cavities, gum disease, and other dental issues, regular checkups, expert cleanings, and oral hygiene advice are given.
5. Advanced Treatment Options
- Private dentistry provides access to innovative treatment choices, such as technologies and therapies that are not available in other settings.
- This covers treatment like veneers or tooth whitening, as well as dental implants, orthodontics, and cosmetic dentistry.
- Private dentists keep up with the most recent developments in dental care, giving families access to the most cutting-edge and efficient procedures available.
6. Dental Education and Guidance
- In addition to offering treatments, private dentists instruct families on good oral hygiene habits and procedures.
- They provide advice on how to practise excellent oral hygiene at home, including how to brush and floss properly, dietary suggestions, methods for dealing with common dental problems like tooth sensitivity or foul breath.
7. Collaboration with Specialists
- When necessary, private dentistry develops relationships with specialists like orthodontists, periodontists, or oral surgeons to deliver comprehensive and well-coordinated care.
- Positive outcomes for families are ensured by this teamwork, which enables seamless referrals, collaborative treatment planning, and access to specialised experts.
8. Long-Term Oral Health Planning:
- Private dentists approach long-term oral health planning for families with a proactive attitude.
- They identify risk factors, talk about potential treatment requirements, and develop individualised treatment programmes that not only address current issues but also proactive measures and preventative measures to safeguard the long-term dental health of the entire family.
Now let’s examine the benefits of private dentistry to child and older adults.
Benefits for Children:
To ensure that children have great dental experiences, private dental practices provide a warm and kid-friendly environment. Children’s themes and décor are frequently used in private dental offices. For instance, there might be amusing murals, themed treatment areas, and kid-friendly dentist chairs.
Private paediatric dentists offer a wealth of knowledge and experience in addressing children’s oral health requirements.
To monitor and resolve any alignment difficulties in youngsters and to promote healthy oral development, private dentists carry out early orthodontic examinations.
Treatments aimed at preventing decay in children’s developing teeth include fluoride treatments and dental sealants, which are emphasised in private dentistry.
Education and advice on oral hygiene
Private dentists train kids and parents on good oral hygiene habits, setting the groundwork for a lifetime of dental health.
Monitoring of growth and development
Dentists carefully observe how children’s jaws, teeth, and bites develop. They look for any irregularities and, if appropriate, offer early orthodontic treatments.
Gentle and Minimally Invasive Techniques:
Private dentistry emphasises the use of gentle and less intrusive approaches to reduce any pain that children experience during dental treatments. By doing this,make sure the youngster has a good time and develop trust with them.
Benefits for Older Adults
Geriatric dental care
Private dentists offer specialised treatment for seniors, managing issues with their oral health caused by becoming older, such as dry mouth, gum disease, and tooth loss.Dental implants Cardiff are a long-term remedy for lost teeth in older individuals provided by private dentistry, restoring oral function and enhancing the quality of life.
With the use of periodontal treatments, private dentists work to maintain older folks’ healthy gums while preventing tooth loss and systemic health problems brought on by gum disease.
To address tooth loss and regain oral function in older adults, private dentistry offers a variety of restorative procedures such as dentures, bridges, and crowns.
Management of age-related dental disorders:
Dry mouth (xerostomia), gum disease, and tooth sensitivity are all common difficulties for older persons. Private dentistry can offer specific procedures and techniques to effectively address these difficulties, assuring comfort and maintaining dental health.
Collaboration with Specialists
In order to provide comprehensive care for older persons, private dentists work with specialists, addressing complex dental requirements and coordinating treatment.
Ready to achieve a healthy and beautiful smile? Look no further than Super Smile Dental UK! Experience the exceptional care and expertise dental professionals offer. Don’t let the chance to improve your dental health pass you by.
Private dentistry provide families with comprehensive care tailored to the unique needs of each family member with a wide range of services, a focus on preventive care, and a child-friendly environment, Dentists prioritise the oral health of your entire family, While private dentists Cardiff prices may vary, the benefits of personalised care and access to advanced treatments like dental implants make it a worthwhile investment in your family’s oral health. Consult dentists to explore their services, discuss pricing, and embark on a journey toward healthy and confident smiles for everyone in your family. | <urn:uuid:d69dcf20-244b-4972-845b-eb4a588545fe> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 7,205 |
photo by Daniel Case
Led by Stephen Drury of the NEC faculty, Callithumpian Consort is a loose aggregation of NEC students, alumni, and new music enthusiasts that performs locally, on the East Coast, and in Europe. Throughout the year, the group visits NEC with performances of contemporary avant-garde music.
In Callithumpian Consort's first appearance of the season at NEC, Ives's century-old but still audacious Trio is paired with commissioned works by NEC alumni Lei Liang '96, '98 M.M., Onur Yildirim '09.
Ives Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello
Liang Bamboo Lights
Yildirim Mûş-ı Zamân II
Lei Liang says that Bamboo Lights is "a memorial for my family members who have perished in the war." Read more.
Are you an NEC faculty member or student who is giving a school concert? Submit your artist and repertoire information now!
NEC's FREE concerts do not require a ticket, unless stated in concert listing.
Unreserved seating is available on a first-come, first-served basis.
Doors open 30 minutes prior to the concert's start time. | <urn:uuid:c12483d1-cdf7-4905-98b0-95fbd17c41b6> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,035 |
How Fiction Works
By James Wood
(Picador USA, Paperback, 9780312428471, 265pp.)
Publication Date: July 21, 2009
List Price: $16.00*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Enter your zip code below to find indies closest to you.
In the tradition of E. M. Forster's "Aspects of the Novel" and Milan Kundera's "The Art of the Novel," "How Fiction Works" is a scintillating study of the magic of fiction--an analysis of its main elements and a celebration of its lasting power. Here one of the most prominent and stylish critics of our time looks into the machinery of storytelling to ask some fundamental questions: What do we mean when we say we "know" a fictional character? What constitutes a telling detail? When is a metaphor successful? Is Realism realistic? Why do some literary conventions become dated while others stay fresh?
James Wood ranges widely, from Homer to "Make Way for Ducklings," from the Bible to John le Carre, and his book is both a study of the techniques of fiction-making and an alternative history of the novel. Playful and profound, "How Fiction Works" will be enlightening to writers, readers, and anyone else interested in what happens on the page. | <urn:uuid:63f5171b-3ee0-410d-be77-206184ebde93> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,174 |
With the creation of the Skaneateles Education Foundation [SEF], Skaneateles has
joined a growing number of creative communities in the United States that seek different funding sources to bridge the gap between school budgets and funds
necessary to provide an exceptional public education. The Foundation will
allow individuals, philanthropists, corporations and others the opportunity to
put their donations in a place that gets to the heart of what many believe is the
key to the foundation of our country: our schools.
We invite you to explore our website with the hope that you will decide
to invest in our children and our future.
SEF is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) charitable organization. | <urn:uuid:67742d84-b5cc-41f7-8591-27816437379d> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 695 |
40 Most Beautiful Drought Tolerant Plants For Low-Maintenance Landscapes
Want to enjoy a colorful flower garden with minimum maintenance? The drought-tolerant plants will keep going strong and blooming even when there is no rain and you don’t have time to water them regularly.
And if you think that the drought-resistant plants are not beautiful, the collection of the 40 best drought-tolerant plants will prove that they add as much texture and color to the garden as those kinds that require far more care.
1. African Daisy (Gerbera)
You may wonder why the African daisy is on our list? Once it develops good roots and gets used to the environment, it will grow easily in your garden with no care needed. Gardeners call it “the survival mode”.
The African daisies please with their magnificent blooms. Once established, you will enjoy the first flowers in two months. This plant is known for its quick growth rate.
The Agave is good for filling large empty ground spaces or adding texture to a rock garden. They are perfect as decor around a water feature or an edging means for a walkway.
This perennial is the most common drought-resistant plant used in yard landscaping. The agave develops tall blooms which are so attractive so patience is justified.
3. Beardtongues (Penstemon)
Penstemon is one of the most spectacular native plants. Usually, this plant can easily grow in the mountains where the temperatures are moderate. Planted in the backyard, it produces dozens of magenta tubular flowers arranged on a tall stalk.
Being a very unpretentious kind of plant, this perennial can be grown in soils that are of low nutrient and very rarely watered.
4. Black-eyed Susans
This plant is native to North America and is one of the most often seen wildflowers. In wild nature, you can see big open fields with Black-eyed Susans coloring the horizon with their golden-yellow petals.
This fact is just enough to make you want to grow Black-eyed Susans in your own garden and enjoy the beauty of this tolerant perennial. It is a drought-resistant kind but it likes the sun a lot.
5. Blazing Stars (Ajuga)
The Blazing star is a tough plant, originating from the prairies. Knowing the moderate amounts of water in their natural environment, we easily assume that they will develop well in the gardens with low maintenance included.
This herbaceous perennial blooms all summer long with fuzzy florets of bright purple or white flowers. Because of their outer look, people compare them with bottlebrushes.
Bougainvillea is an ornamental plant that prefers warm climates because of its Mediterranean origin. Its drought tolerance is perfect for a flower garden in a dry landscape to add colorful interest with its long thorny branches with heart-shaped leaves.
Although this perennial is drought-resistant, it likes being well lit by the sun so if you want to enjoy its attractive shapes and colors soon, choose a sunny spot from the garden.
7. Bugleweed (Ajuga)
Bugleweed is a herbaceous perennial used as a ground cover of zones where lawns are difficult to grow. It produces beautiful spikes blooming in blue, violet or purple. You can enjoy the tall flowers from mid-spring to early summer.
Most people prefer this plant because of its beautiful dark green foliage and waterfalling blooms. Being drought-tolerant doesn’t stop it from being aggressive in its spreading through underground runners. So if you want to limit it to a certain zone, keep in mind how invasive it is.
8. Butterfly Weed (Asclepias Tuberosa)
Its name speaks enough- if you want to attract bees and butterflies, the Asclepias tuberosa acts as a magnet to them with its color and nectar.
This perennial plant can grow quite quickly and tall in drought soil. However, you will be able to enjoy its orange or yellow flower clusters when it is about three years mature.
9. Cactus Plants
Of course, cacti are part of our collection of the best drought-resistant plants. They are best known for this characteristic.
They are an obvious choice for arid gardens also because of their whimsical texture. The thorny plants vary in shape and color.
10. Cardinal Climbers
This annual plant can be grown in many ways- like a vine on a trellis, as a ground cover or in hanging baskets. It deserves its name because of the graceful cardinal red blooms.
The cardinal climber will tolerate dry soil but you will enjoy the most of it if it is watered once a week.
The Cleome is a flower that can be seen in every English house. Together with the low maintenance it requires, this plant offers its spider-like blooms from early spring to late fall.
The cleome is a bush that grows fairly quickly and blooms in pink, rose, purple, white, or bicolor.
12. Coneflowers (Echinacea)
The Echinacea belongs to the family of native plants, those that help the wellbeing of wildlife. Furthermore, they are very attractive with their tall purple-colored blooms that look directly at the sky.
Regardless of the species, you grow in your garden, the Echinacea doesn’t like wet soil. The best spot for them is the one that gets at least 6 hours of sun per day and is well-drained.
13. Coral Vine (Mexican Creeper)
This native to Mexico perennial blooms with delicate pink or white flowers. The vine feels perfect in well-drained soils, next to a trellis where it can climb and create a thick natural wall.
You can enjoy the beauty of the Coral vine from spring to autumn. It is an interesting fact that the fruit and seeds of this plant are eaten and spread by a wide range of wild animals.
14. Cosmos Plants
This beautiful plant with pink blooms can self-thrive. No special care is needed for it as it can survive the poorest soil conditions.
You can grow it easily from seeds and enjoy the wildlife it gathers. Birds, bees and butterflies will become the most frequent guests of your yard throughout the summer months.
15. Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia Milii)
This perennial plant is one of the most interesting kinds in our collection. Defined as a bush, the Crown of thorns creates many branches and becomes almost 2 meters tall.
Some people like to plant it to create living fences that are difficult to be crossed because of the thorns. Others, prefer it as a decorative shrub that attracts with the brightest blooms ever- red, orange or yellow round petals with a tiny width collected in a cluster.
This plant doesn’t like overwatering and prefers shiny spots.
16. Daylily (Hemerocallis)
Daylilies are perennials that have received their name because of the shape of their blooms. Despite the name, they are not real lilies.
We are used to seeing their cut flowers in wedding bouquets or in vases. Hemerocallis which is its botanical name means “beauty for a day” and indeed most of its flowers last only a day.
Apart from ensuring a good sunny spot for them, you don’t have to take too much other care. They adapt to a very wide range of soils and are drought-resistant.
17. Desert Rose (Adenium Obesum)
The name gives us a hint about its tolerance to drought. The Desert rose is one of the most familiar flowers in arid gardens.
Some people love growing it in pots as a bonsai tree thanks to its succulent trunk and thin leaves.
If you decide to include this plant in your garden, you should know that it grows very slowly. The plant usually blooms in summer with vibrant pink and red flowers.
18. Indian Blanket Flowers (Gaillardia)
The Indian blanket flower is a wildflower that grows in hot and dry places. You can have it in your own arid garden and admire the sun-burning colors from summer till late fall.
It is preferred by honeybees that produce dark reddish amber honey. You can grow it from seeds planted in loose soil. Once the blooms fade, you can mow the plant stalks and watch the seeds fallen grow in the next year.
19. Kaiser’s Crown (Crown Imperial)
This drought-tolerant plant is native to Turkey, Iraq and Iran. In other zones, it is grown as an ornamental plant. Its flowers are downward-facing at the top of the stem creating a crown of small leaves, hence the name of the kind comes from.
The wild species is usually orange but the cultivated ones can be found in scarlet, orange and yellow colors. The blooms are revealed in late spring and are accompanied by a distinctly foxy odor that is known to repel mice, moles and other small animals.
20. Lantana Camara
This plant is native to the American tropics. It is an interesting fact that it is classified as invasive and destructive to biodiversity. If trimming is performed, that can be prevented.
The large showy flowers appear from mid-summer until the first frost and come in a wide range of colors from pink, white, yellow, orange-red, and purple or mixed colors.
21. Lavender (Lavandula)
The Lavender is perfect as an edging part or as an ornamental addition to the garden bed. Its lilac colors and wonderful aroma are just extraordinary.
It is known for its drought resistance from ancient times and therefore is a preferred culture for oil extraction that requires low maintenance.
The Marigold is one of the most common garden plants that create orange flowers in summer. It grows well in dry conditions and repels the pests away.
Therefore it is usually a companion of tomato, eggplant, chili pepper, tobacco and potato.
23. Oleander (Nerium Oleander)
The plant is a beautiful drought-resistant kind known to be one of the most toxic ones. It creates clusters with blooms at the end of the branch which colors can be white, pink or red.
Native for the Mediterranean zones, the Oleander prefers sunny places.
The Primula can be called a drought-tolerant plant because of its ability to grow in poor soil. Some people like growing them in pots, others prefer enjoying their blooms in the garden landscape.
The Primula is very popular with its early blooming phase and the rich variety of colors it offers.
25. Purslane (Portulaca)
The Purslane is part of the weed family because it grows and spreads fast and is difficult to be eliminated. Some gardeners love it just because of these characteristics because the plant creates easily a ground cover that requires no maintenance at all.
When you first plant it, make sure that it is far away from vegetables and flower beds.
26. Red Salvia (Scarlet Sage)
If you are looking for a vibrant color for your garden that doesn’t require a lot of care, this is the Red salvia. Native to Brazil, it is successfully cultivated as an edging plant or a flower in container gardens in all zones.
It should be planted in the middle of spring when it is warm enough to start growing. Red salvia develops quickly, reaching 30 inches in maturity. Its foliage consists of heart-shaped leaves that emit an odor repelling pests.
27. Romneya (Matilija Poppies)
The Romneya belongs to the poppy family but its flowers are white. The stamens are of intense yellow color that easily attracts attention.
The large white flowers are notable but note that once established, it is very difficult to remove this plant. It prefers a warm and sunny space where the soil is well-drained.
28. Stonecrops (Sedum)
The botanical name of Stonecrop is Sedum and belongs to the succulent family. Therefore it has water-storing leaves which add it to the group of drought-resistant plants.
Once established, the Stonecrop requires little care. As long as the area you live in gets rain once every two weeks, you don’t have to water the plant additionally.
29. Succulent Plants
Succulents are a trendy addition to the interior and exterior. They are small, very attractive with their varieties of leaf shapes and easy to grow and maintain.
They create perfect small gardens or enhance the kind variety of a rock garden.
30. Sunflowers (Helianthus)
The sunflower plants are so beautiful. Tilted to face the sun, they gather sunlight to photosynthesize and mature. They are partially drought-tolerant, therefore, if you feel the top layer of the soil dry, water moderately.
This kind can be quite invasive but if you plant them in a spacious area of your backyard, you won’t have issues with that.
31. Torch Tithonia
Known also as Mexican sunflower features spectacular orange blooms of a star shape. It blooms reveal in mid-summer and last to fall.
The Torch Tithonia is attractive to hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees. They get in our collection because of the carefree way to grow and take care of them.
32. Verbena (Vervain)
This is a perennial herb native to Europe. It grows up to 30 inches and can be seen in grass fields surrounding roads and meadows.
In the cultivated garden, the Verbena is a perfect addition to the summer-blooming plants or a means to decorate the porch in hanging baskets.
33. Vinca (Periwinkle)
The Vinca loves sunny and well-drained spots. The flowers it produces throughout summer have a salve form and are usually violet.
The care they require when planted directly in the garden soil or in pots is low. Over-watering could damage the flower so it is recommended to first touch the top of the soil and water if it is dry.
34. Whiteweed (Ageratum)
The Ageratum is admired with its fluffy flowers in lavender-blue, pink, lilac or white that please the eyes from late spring to frost.
They could be combined with other plants in a container or in a garden bed. Mind that although drought-resistant, they will require watering once a week on the hottest days.
35. Wild Sage
This is probably the most drought-tolerant plant. It can grow in extremely dry conditions where the weather is warm.
Use it as an addition to your native garden next to your patio or window where it can get full sun and attract butterflies.
36. Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium)
The Yarrow grows best in full sun and well-drained soil. The moist soil will kill it quickly. The plant requires practically no care at all and is a preferred kind for bordering, ground covers and open native gardens.
Another well-known advantage of the Yarrow is its gealing characteristics as a herb. It has long been used for tea making or as a cooking herb.
37. Yellow Alyssum (Stone Herb)
This is an effective ground cover plant that as an extra grows well in dry soils. That makes it a preferred choice for plants in a rock garden as well.
The perennial Stone herb develops clusters of small yellow flowers from April to May. Its foliage is also very attractive- blue-grey leaves grow on the basis of the stems. Mind that although beautiful, this drought-tolerant plant is bad-smelling.
The Yucca plant could be often seen in the landscapes nowadays. In addition to the distinctive look created by its sword-like leaves, it is an evergreen shrub that requires low care.
The only hint you can use to enjoy this striking landscape addition is to cut the dead leaves in the spring.
When the Zinnia matures, watering is taken down to a minimum as grown flowers are drought-tolerant. Zinnia is loved by the bright colors of the blooms formed by numerous petals. You can find them in red, yellow, orange and pink colors.
Growing them is easy, especially from seeds. they feel good at light shade to full sun. | <urn:uuid:06234709-8065-422c-b866-2627f05533e6> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 15,022 |
Originally Posted by jervisjames
Sorry Hellcat and EnriqueIG8
- was doing it from my phone and didn't think to see whether people had doubled up. Only saw Don Corleone's double up after I posted his picks.
Thanks Coolybri - I'm glad other people are following the thread. Do you (anyone) know what's happened to lucian? This happened 2 or 3 weeks ago too.
I don't know what happened this time but last time he just said he'd been busy iirc.
I checked this thread and he didn't actually participate in this competition, he never delivered a R1 pick. Perhaps we should check with him when he comes back to see if he still wants to do RG, which he's scheduled for. | <urn:uuid:561f09e7-f475-4997-a8c0-44e3f1bd22a4> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 661 |
TBMHA teams wanting to participate in a tournament or schedule an exhibition game must submit a Travel Request. Requests for either are submitted using the same form.
All Travel Requests for Exhibition Games should be submitted at least 7 business days in advance of your game to avoid late fees. For Exhibition Games against an HNO opponent, only 1 team needs to submit a Travel Request.
To accommodate Travel Requests during the TBMHA Regular Season game schedule, submissions need to be made before the following deadlines:
|All||Friday September 8th, 2023|
|November & December 2023||AAA* & AA||Friday September 22nd, 2023|
|November & December 2023||A||Friday September 29th, 2023|
|January & February 2024||All||Friday October 6th, 2023|
*applicable for teams that play TBMHA scheduled games.
*** Only submit Tournament Travel Requests if you are confident you are attending the tournament ***
After submitting your Travel Request, you will receive a confirmation email. Please keep this email in case there is an issue processing your Travel Request.
Travel Requests submitted after the deadline that conflict with a Regular Season Game require a Game Swap Form to be approved.
Once a Travel Request is approved by TBMHA, we will use the information to apply for an HNO Travel Permit. HNO Travel Permit Fee is $16 + HST for tournament travel or exhibition games against non HNO teams. There is no fee for exhibition games against an HNO opponent. Travel Permits submitted on short notice are subject to a $50 late fee. Click here for more info on HNO Travel Permits.
Once a Travel Permit is approved by HNO, the approved permit will be sent to the email address submitted with your Travel Request. Approvals typically occur 7 to 10 days before your event.
Please contact the TBM Hockey Office if:
Please be sure to use the applicable form when submitting. A & AA teams have a different form than Thunder Bay Kings AAA teams. Please use the form on behalf of the team making the request. | <urn:uuid:205d1dcd-a352-466c-9e02-b47e2a18e8a0> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,993 |
Italian kitchen furniture provides new opportunities for interior design
Italian kitchen furniture from the company Florida meets the needs of the most demanding customers. Today, many prefer a transformable environment. Italian designers have a lot of ideas on this. The collections they offer are very attractive externally, and the vast possibilities of furniture that it produces make it possible to be, as they say, out of competition.
For example, one of the combinations in the Cookset series includes the 50X50 table. It can divide the rooms in half, move or move apart if necessary. If you need more space in the kitchen, you add it. When it's time to get together for dinner with the whole family, the table is laid out to its full length. In the Cookset collection there is another interesting set.
Designers offered a work surface that can be lengthened when extra space is needed for cooking. When the need for the sliding part disappears, it is easily removed and becomes completely invisible.
Transformability and multifunctionality are very important for modern kitchen furniture. The ability to adjust the space to one or another of the needs at a certain point greatly facilitates life. Do you agree with this statement?
We are glad to welcome you on our kitchen design portal! Welcome to the world of professional design. | <urn:uuid:5aa6165a-5283-4bbb-bc27-2534d625cd45> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,340 |
“I’m just trying to find a simple melody,
A song that I can sing in my own company.”
My research interests have changed quite a bit over the years. A common theme is the problem of boundaries, such as intellectual boundaries (sociology of science), international boundaries (international political economy), and transboundary cooperation on natural resources issues.
My main concerns right now are a book-length project on Euroskeptic parties, a cluster of papers on transboundary and interagency cooperation in North American environmental problems, and a project on how US national parks interpret Western expansion. Past major projects have looked at the role of hegemony in the international political economy, the domestic political economy of trade cooperation, and transdisciplinary research in the social sciences; I’ve also written on some miscellaneous topics.
The Euroskepticism book looks at the interaction between national-level political coalitions and European-level politics, using anti-EU parties as an analytical lever. It has three polished chapters and a published book chapter (“Political Economy of European Integration”).
The transboundary project has several published papers, all of which draw from an unpublished formal model. I’m still ironing out some wrinkles in the model, but the non-formal presentation in the papers (see below) reflects robust results from the model. I am focusing on a group of study areas, in roughly descending order of completeness: the Greater Yellowstone Area, the Olympic Peninsula, Glacier-Waterton (Crown of the Continent), Alaskan caribou, and the Black Hills.
The project on national park interpretation looks at how local political environments, material features of sites, disciplinary interests, and agency interests bias the stories the parks tell. Email me if you’re interested in seeing some manuscripts. Political scientists can best make sense of the project by thinking in terms of the political economy of culture. It also engages with some folks in history, anthropology, and landscape architecture. The National Park Service is a government agency that disseminates cultural products to 300 million visitors a year, but its production is almost completely unstudied. Until now.
I make an effort to disseminate my national park work to non-academic audiences of various kinds. That’s led to publishing some travel articles and some photography. Check out my Flickr page if you’re interested in the photos.
If you’re just looking for the CV, it’s a subordinate page on this site. To make sense of it, this page organizes selected publications by topic.
Publications by topic
Transboundary cooperation, environmental policy
“Showdown at Yellowstone: The Victims and Survivors of Ecosystem Management,” Journal of the West 50(1): 66-73, Winter 2011. PDF here.
“Theoretical Concerns in Networks of Protected Areas: Symmetry and Asymmetry” in Proceedings of the 2011 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, edited by Samantha Weber. Hancock, Michigan: The George Wright Society, pp. 260-64. PDF here.
“Political Opposition to Transboundary Cooperation in the Greater Yellowstone Area,” Journal of Tourism and Leisure Studies 17(2), August 2011.
“Game-Theoretic Insights into Effective Cooperation Among National Parks and Indian Tribes,” in Protected Areas in a Changing World: Proceedings of the 2009 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, edited by Samantha Weber. Hancock, Michigan: The George Wright Society 2010, pp. 67-72. Book available here. PDF here.
“International Cooperation as Interagency Cooperation: Examples from Wildlife and Habitat Preservation,” Perspectives on Politics 7(4): 883-899, December 2009. Abstract and Cambridge link here.
“Privatizing Isle Royale? The Limits of Free Market Environmentalism,” George Wright Forum 25(3): 23-39, March 2009. PDF here.
“Should the Free-Market Manage Public Parks?” in Change and the Heartland 1: 12-13, Environmental Change Institute, University of Illinois, June 2010.
“The Politics of Mammoth Cave National Park,” Political Science Alumni Newsletter, Spring 2010, http://www.pol.illinois.edu/alumni/newsletter/10_sp_pahremncp.html.
“The Politics of Wildlife and Wilderness in the Greater Yellowstone Area,” Political Science Alumni Newsletter, http://www.pol.illinois.edu/alumni/newsletter/09_su_index.html, Summer 2009.
“Ecosystem Management,” Encyclopedia of Politics in the American West, edited by Steven L. Danver, Mesa Verde Publishing/CQ Press, 2013, pp. 300-301.
“Green River,” Encyclopedia of Politics in the American West, edited by Steven L. Danver, Mesa Verde Publishing/CQ Press, 2013, pp. 364-366.
“National Park Service,” Encyclopedia of Politics in the American West, edited by Steven L. Danver, Mesa Verde Publishing/CQ Press, 2013, pp. 488-490.
National park interpretation, political economy of culture
“Material Falsehoods: Living a Lie at This Old Fort,” Encounters with Popular Pasts: Cultural Heritage and Popular Culture, edited by Mike Robinson and Helaine Silverman, Springer, Chapter 4.
“Study on How Tourists Use Social Media in Wilderness,” International Journal of Wilderness 20(3): 36, 38 (December, 2014), with Audrey Neville, with photograph.
“Telling Stories of Nature and Humans in Midwest National Parks,” in Proceedings of the 2013 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, edited by Samantha Weber. Hancock, Michigan: The George Wright Society, 2014, pp. 121-126.
“Reconsidering National Park Interpretation on the Great Plains and Trans-Mississippi West,” Great Plains Research, 22 (2): 99–122, Fall 2012 (lead article).
“Wake, Nicodemus!” National Parks Traveler, April 8, 2013.
“How the Cherokee Fought the Civil War,” Indian Country Today, 28 March 2012, pp. 34-37
National Park Interpretation in the West, editor of special issue of The Journal of the West, Summer 2011. With two contributions of my own:
“Patterns of National Park Interpretation in the West,” Journal of the West 50(3): 7-13, Summer 2011. [This one previews the themes of my book manuscript.]
“Telling Yellowstone’s Stories,” Journal of the West, 50(3): 31-42, Summer 2011.
“Fort Davis National Historic Site: An Indian Fort Without Indians,” Studies in Symbolic Interaction 37: 3-27, 2011. PDF here.
“No Longer Circling the Wagons: Many National Parks Get Indian Stories Wrong,” Indian Country Today, 7 September 2001, pp. 20-25; reprinted online 29 August 2011,
“Culture and Power – wo bleibt die Ökonomie?” Erwägen – Wissen – Ethik 17(1): 34-37, April 2006, with Gerhard Fink. PDF here.
Democratic Foreign Policy Making: Problems of Divided Government and International Cooperation, editor, Palgrave, 2006. Amazon link here. With three chapters from me:
“Divided Government and International Cooperation: An Overview,” pp. 1-20.
“Divided Government and International Cooperation in the Nineteenth Century,” pp. 107-132.
“Conclusion: Democracy and Foreign Policy,” pp. 175-200.
“Patently Misleading: Partial Implementation and Bargaining Leverage in Sino-American Negotiations on Intellectual Property Rights,” International Organization, 59(3): 695-730, Summer 2005, with Andrew Mertha.
“House Rules: Institutional Choice and United States Trade Negotiations,” Conflict Management and Peace Sciences 21(3): 195-213, Fall 2004. PDF here.
“Most-Favored-Nation Clauses, Domestic Politics, and Clustered Negotiations,” International Organization 55(4): 861-892, Summer 2001.
Reprinted in Rational Design: Explaining the Design of International Institutions, edited by Barbara Koremenos, Charles Lipson, and Duncan Snidal, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
“Comment: Labor Standards, Trade Sanctions and the Hijacking Hypothesis,” Constituent Interests and U.S. Trade Policies, edited by Alan V. Deardorff and Robert Stern, University of Michigan Press, 1998, pp. 255-262.
“Endogenous Domestic Institutions in Two-Level Games: Parliamentary Oversight in Denmark and Elsewhere,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41(1):147-174, February 1997.
New Games: Using Game Theory to Link and International and Domestic Politics, special issue of the Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1997, co-edited with Paul Papayoanou.
Domestic political economy of trade
“Commentary: International Political Economy and the Great Recession: Introduction,” International Interactions 35(1): 1-2.
Politics and Trade Cooperation in the Nineteenth Century: The “Agreeable Customs” of 1815-1914, Cambridge University Press, 2007. Amazon page here.
International Trade and Political Institutions: Instituting Trade in the Long Nineteenth Century, co-edited with Fiona McGillivray, Iain McLean, and Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001. Amazon link here. With two chapters authored or coauthored:
“Tariffs and Modern Political Institutions: An Introduction,” with McGillivray, McLean, and Schonhardt-Bailey.
“Agreeable Duties: The Tariff Treaty Regime in the Nineteenth Century”
“Reactions and Reciprocity: Tariffs and Trade Liberalization in 1815-1914,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(4): 467-492, August 1998.
“Party On! Political Parties in European Foreign Economic Policies,” Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 15(11): 35-47 (Spring/Summer 2014), with Kostas Kourtikakis, available by request.
“The Myths of Turkish Influence in the European Union,” Journal of Common Market Studies 47(2): 357–384, February 2009, with Burcu Uçaray-Mangıtlı. PDF here.
“The Political Economy of European Integration in a Spatial Model,” in The Political Economy of European Integration, edited by Erik Jones and Amy Verdun, Routledge, 2004, pp. 179-190. PDF here.
“Divided Government and International Cooperation in Austria-Hungary, Sweden-Norway, and the European Union,” European Union Politics 2(2): 131-162, Spring 2001.
“Wider and Deeper: The Links between Expansion and Enlargement in the European Communities,” Chapter 6 in Towards a New Europe: Stops and Starts in Regional Integration, edited by Gerald Schneider, Patricia A. Weitsman, and Thomas Bernauer. Praeger/Greenwood, 1995, pp. 111-136. PDF here.
“The European Constitution: Gambling for Small Stakes?” The Illinois International Review, 2: 6-7, Spring 2006.
Hegemony and international political economy
“Hegemony and the International Economy,” Comparative Sociology 4(3-4): 451-477, December 2005.
Leading Questions: How Hegemony Affects the International Political Economy, University of Michigan Press, 1999. Amazon link here.
“Multilateral Cooperation in an Iterated Prisoners’ Dilemma,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 38(2): 326-352, June 1994.
“British Hegemony and the Repeal of the Corn Laws,” in The Rise of Free Trade, volume 4, Free Trade Reappraised: The New Secondary Literature, ed. Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey. London: Routledge, 1997, pp. 570-596. PDF here.
“The Perils of Partnership,” News-Gazette, 13 October 2008, p. B-1. PDF here.
Sociology of science
Creative Marginality: Innovation at the Intersections of Social Sciences. Westview Press, 1990, with Mattei Dogan. Amazon page here.
Abridged version translated as l’Innovation dans les Sciences Sociales: la Marginalité Creatrice, by Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991.
Las Nuevas Ciencias Sociales: La Marginalidad Creadora. Mexico City: Editorial Grijalbo, 1993.
Noile Ştiinţe Sociale: Interpenetrarea disciplinelor. Buchareşti: Editura Academiei Române, 1993, Nicolae Lotreanu, trans.
“Patterns of Knowledge Communities in the Social Sciences,” Library Trends 45(2): 204-225, Fall 1996.
“Mathematical Discourse and Crossdisciplinary Communities: The Case of Political Economy,” Social Epistemology 10(1): 55-73, 1996.
Reprinted: “Mathematical Discourse and Cross-Disciplinary Communities: The Case of Political Economy,” in Discourse Synthesis: Studies in Historical and Contemporary Social Epistemology, edited by Raymond G. McInnis, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001.
“Positivist Discourse and Social Scientific Communities: Towards an Epistemological Sociology of Science,” Social Epistemology 9(3): 233-255, 1995.
“Histoire Sociologique et Sociologie Historique aux Etats Unis,” L’année sociologique, October 1991, with Mattei Dogan.
“Noile Ştiinţe Sociale,” Alternative: Revista Independentă de Critica series II, vol. 15-16: 10-11, August 1991, with Mattei Dogan.
“Scholarly Reputation and Obsolescence in the Social Sciences: Innovation as a Team Sport,” International Social Science Journal 125: 417-427, August 1990, with Mattei Dogan.
“Les Sciences Sociales: Segmentations et Croisements,” Symposium: Les Enjeux, Encyclopaedia Universalis, 1990, pp. 1119-1126, with Mattei Dogan.
“Hybrid Subfields in the Social Sciences: Origins and Contemporary Patterns,” International Social Science Journal 121: 457-470, August 1989, with Mattei Dogan.
“The Fragmentation and Recombination of the Social Sciences,” Studies in International Comparative Development 24(2): 1-18, June 1989, with Mattei Dogan.
Theory and methods
“One Case to Rule Them All: Theoretical Synthesis and the Repeal of the Corn Laws,” Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, Volume 27-A, pp. 279–292, 2009. PDF here.
“Formal Theory and Case-Study Methods in EU Studies,” European Union Politics 6(1): 113-146, January 2005. PDF here.
“Using Formal Theory to Link International and Domestic Politics,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41(1): 4-11, February 1997, with Paul Papayoanou.
“Teaching Politics in the National Parks,” Journal of Political Science Education, with Carie Steele, forthcoming.
“Teaching the Parks,” in Proceedings of the 2013 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, edited by Samantha Weber. Hancock, Michigan: The George Wright Society, 2014, pp. 127-133, with Carie Steele.
“The Break-up of the German Weak Declension,” Leuvense Bijdragen 74(1): 53-62, 1985.
“A Duo Of Dunes: Indiana Dunes and Sleeping Bear Dunes,” National Parks Traveler, October 14, 2013.
“America’s Smallest National Park,” National Parks Traveler, May 6, 2013.
“Unexpected Treasures on Nebraska’s High Plains: Agate Fossil Beds National Monument,” National Parks Traveler, September 30, 2012.
“Walking On The Wild Side Of Dinosaur National Monument,” National Parks Traveler, April 24, 2012, with four photographs, http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2012/04/walking-wild-side-dinosaur-national-monument9761
“A journey through wild, rugged terrain,” News Gazette, May 29, 2011, p. F6, with four photographs. JPG here.
“Hidden Gems: Less famous national parks offer special finds,” Bloomington Pantagraph, 10 October 2010, pp. F1, F6 with two photographs, online version at http://www.pantagraph.com/travel/outdoors/article_58a6ee0c-d2fc-11df-8759-001cc4c002e0.html
“The National Park Service offers choices in your own backyard,” Decatur Herald & Review, 3 August 2010, pp. D1-D2, with five photographs, online version at http://www.herald-review.com/lifestyles/article_49396390-b04e-57fc-bae2-c1ca777b1e35.html.
“Solitude, scenery make Texas’ Big Bend National Park a big wonder,” News Gazette, 11 April 2010, p. F-6, with five photographs, online version at http://www.news-gazette.com/news/travel/2010-04-11/solitude-scenery-make-texas-big-bend-national-park-wonder.html.
Photographic resume available upon request.
The Trade Agreements Database project has its very own page, a child to this one. | <urn:uuid:062d096a-33d2-4eee-b097-d7a0af766894> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 15,443 |
STATE OF DELAWARE
WHEREAS, one of the bulwarks of this nation is the free expression of the principle of private ownership of property as evidenced in Delaware and throughout the country by the fact that more than two-thirds of our families own their own homes; and
WHEREAS, the Realtors of Delaware have zealously defended this principle, and have contributed toward public confidence in real property ownership by their pledge to abide by the strict Code of Ethics of the National Association of Realtors; and
WHEREAS, the efforts of Realtors in behalf of Civic affairs and charitable causes and in the application of their professional knowledge of real estate matters for the good of our State have benefited our citizens in countless ways; and
WHEREAS, Realtors have discharged these responsibilities with great credit, through encouraging wise use of the land and preservation of the environment, by advocating the prudence and pride that home ownership brings, and by emphasizing this positive goal for Americans to have "Pride in, respect for, the property of America"; and
WHEREAS, the Realtors of this State will join with thousands of their colleagues throughout the nation celebrating REALTOR WEEK, May 20-26, in extolling the advantages of real property ownership;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Sherman W. Tribbitt, Governor of the State of Delaware, do hereby proclaim the week of May 20 -26, 1973, as
in Delaware and urge all citizens to join me in saluting the Realtors of this State, and the 110,000 Realtors across the nation, for their services, programs and professional skills and dedication, and also urge all citizens to join with me in participating in the programs of civic betterment offered by Realtors during this week and throughout the year.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I, SHERMAN W. TRIBBITT, Governor of the State of Delaware, have hereunto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the said State to be hereunto affixed at Dover this 18th day of May
(GREAT SEAL) in the year of our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the one hundred and ninety-seventh.
SHERMAN W. TRIBBITT, Governor
Attest : ROBERT H. REED, Secretary of State | <urn:uuid:11099149-febd-4399-b2da-6fc098e5f6fc> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,212 |
I understand that some may view my comments as inappropriate given my position as a Penn State trustee. However, I feel so strongly about this issue that I believe I have a responsibility and a moral obligation to comment on Cory Giger's recent column regarding the position of Penn State athletic director.
First, I do not believe Dave Joyner deserves the job on a permanent basis as was suggested by Giger. In fact, I do not believe Dave Joyner should have ever been placed in the role of acting athletic director. And I am not the only one.
Auditor General Jack Wagner's recently issued special report, called "Recommendations for Governance Reform at The Pennsylvania State University," details the issue of insiders moving back and forth between the Board of Trustees and university staff.
One year ago, the Penn State board allowed Joyner, then a trustee, to seamlessly and quietly move into the lucrative position of acting athletic director, thus creating a cast of influential insiders with the potential to impair objective and independent thinking. The perception of impropriety was very real, for good reason. Openness and transparency be damned.
Second, at the time Tim Curley was placed on administrative leave, then Associate Athletic Director Mark Sherburne was named the acting athletic director. A seasoned administrator, Sherburne served as acting athletic director for only 10 days before being suddenly and questionably replaced by Joyner.
A 21-year employee of the university, Sherburne was widely respected by coaches and athletic department staff, in addition to university administrators with whom he had worked his entire career. Joyner's controversial firing of Sherburne in April of this year led many to question his motives, again with good reason.
Third, on November 17, 2011, NCAA President Mark Emmert sent Penn State President Rod Erickson a three-page letter in which he asked four specific questions. A Penn State staff member contacted Joyner in December of 2011 recommending the immediate hiring of special counsel for this NCAA matter, in order to protect the best interests of Penn State. The staff member was told that this was unnecessary and the matter was under control.
Penn State did not engage such counsel until July 11, 2012. Consequently, we were needlessly caught flat-footed, unprepared to address the unprecedented sanctions imposed by the NCAA. Furthermore, the recent additions of Maryland and Rutgers to the Big Ten were made without any member of Penn State's administration, including athletics and the Board of Trustees, knowledge of the financial impact to Penn State.
Fourth, the hiring of an athletic director should not be based on the successful hiring of one coach, even if that coach is Bill O'Brien. Penn State athletics encompasses so much more than 31 varsity sports. The athletic director is responsible for more than 300 staff and 800 student-athletes, in addition to all club sports and branch campus athletics. The operating budget exceeds $118 million.
Finally, when the time for a permanent replacement to Tim Curley arrives, if there is a serious commitment to eschewing Penn State's historically insular leadership culture, we should all expect - and, in fact demand - that the Board of Trustees take note of the specific recommendation in the Freeh Report to "conduct national searches for candidates for key positions, including head coaches and Associate Athletic Director[s] and above."
Tim Curley's dynamic and passionate leadership has been the driving force behind the Nittany Lions' tremendous level of athletic and academic achievement since his hiring in 1993. Great care, attention and expertise must be invested in a transparent and comprehensive process to ensure that standard of excellence is solidly in place for Penn State's next generation of student-athletes and fans.
Anthony P. Lubrano
Sanctions still hard to swallow
As the scales of justice continue to evolve and prosecute those responsible for the cover-up of Sandusky's sexual abuse at PSU, I am having a real problem accepting the actions of the NCAA toward PSU.
In my humble opinion, it makes absolutely no sense to punish future generations of PSU football players.
The fines, reduction of scholarships and elimination of bowl bids only serve to punish the future of players who are putting themselves at risk of injury every game.
Every football coach in the country should be voicing their displeasure for such punitive action of future generations due to actions of a despicable group of individuals who were at the helm.
As far as I'm concerned, the buck stops with Graham Spanier, followed by Tim Curley and Gary Schultz and other staff who have yet to be indicted.
I'm hoping that these individuals are prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law, and if they are found guilty, the Board of Trustees should request reimbursement of all legal fees to PSU and the surrender of their pensions as additional punishment for their dereliction of duty.
It's pretty hard to fix stupid, but I would urge each of you to take up your pen or email and let the NCAA know that punishing the future and tainting the reputation of an excellent university is just plain dumb.
Frank M. Fedeli
Seniors go out in style
I'm so happy for Penn State's seniors.
It was wonderful to send them off with a win against a tough Wisconsin team. I can't help but wonder if kids such as Anthony Fera (who is somewhat of an exception due to the health of his mom), Justin Brown and Silas Redd are thinking twice about their decisions after seeing what their friends and former teammates have accomplished this year.
If Bill O'Brien leaves PSU for the NFL, I'll understand. A guy doesn't get a lot of chances to coach an NFL team or to get paid an NFL salary. So I'll understand, but I won't forgive him.
O'Brien is now the reason for potential recruits to come to PSU. O'Brien has shown that he can win, that he can take a walk-on from Scranton and make him one of the top quarterbacks in the Big Ten, and that he can do that stuff with a program that is reeling.
If O'Brien walks, the appeal of PSU takes a huge hit for the duration of the sanctions. I hope he will show the sort of character that his players displayed, and that he will stay with PSU at least until the sanctions are done.
I'm sad that PSU won't get the chance to play in the Outback Bowl or the Capital One Bowl or whichever bowl they would have landed in under different circumstances.
But I won't allow that to diminish the admiration that I feel for the team this year.
Realignment feels wrong
There is something fundamentally wrong with the academic/athletic relationship when a school is willing to pay $50 million (sounds like a powerball lottery payoff) to leave one league and join another - assuming reports of the ACC exit fee for Maryland are accurate.
It will take a long time to make up the financial difference between staying in the ACC and paying to move to the Big Ten (now 14).
And how does Maryland replace North Carolina, Duke, N.C. State, Virginia and Clemson on their basketball schedule. With home-home vs. the Nits?
The Rutgers situation is a bit different. After all, the wise guys who run the Big East thought it was a great idea to add Boise State and San Diego State to the conference. Both are natural rivals for Temple.
I would love to get the frequent-flyer miles San Diego State accumulates.
I cannot remember a team leaving the Big Ten, but with the league having added three teams from other conferences in the past few years, they should not be surprised if others raid them.
Love the amateurism that is college athletics.
Ficken comeback impressive
It's probably not polite or even appropriate to say "I told you so."
However, earlier in the year, I wrote with my concern about Penn State coach Bill O'Brien not using placekicker Sam Ficken after the Virginia game. I even commented that he may need him some time later in the year.
Now, to his credit, O'Brien did go back to Ficken, and he did well when he did. You sure have to feel good for that kid finishing the year with a field goal that was the difference in the Wisconsin game.
It turned out to be quite a year for Penn State and perhaps one of the most entertaining in Penn State history.
'O'Brien made it happen'
I enjoyed Neil Rudel's Nov. 25 recap for a great PSU team and coach titled "O'Brien caps great debut with victory."
It was extremely well-written and captured the emotion of this year's team and coach.
How fitting that Coach O'Brien received Big Ten Coach of the Year. At one time, I was hoping Urban Meyer would coach at PSU. Although his Ohio State team had no losses, it's obvious that the 8-4 PSU outcome was way beyond expected in this crazy year.
Although I don't want to downplay the team's efforts, O'Brien made it happen. I'm so relieved to learn he will be coming back next year. I am concerned now about the recruiting process, and if the best undergraduate players will stay with the PSU team next fall.
But miracles do happen - as witnessed by this year's team. | <urn:uuid:5426d47c-e5b5-4328-b0de-c83c19097dd3> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 9,083 |
So I just wrapped up my secret facebook giveaway recently, so now it’s time for a blog giveaway!
This giveaway is opened worldwide and I will cover shipping costs.
To be eligible for the giveaway, all you have to do is leave a comment on this blog post. Anyone who comments is automatically entered (unless its explicitly stated in your comment that you don’t want to be included in the giveaway). Also, don’t worry if your comment does not appear right away as I will have to approve new commenters first.
If you want a second chance at entering, comment or like THIS AmazingMinis’s Facebook Page wall post. Unfortunately, only those that “Like” the page can do so. Fortunately, it is very easy to “Like” the page in order to post! If you’re already signed in to facebook, you can “Like” it from the Facebook panel on the right of this blog. Anyone who comments on the facebook post is also automatically entered.
Linking to my blog or this blog post is not required, but it is very much appreciated if you do!
Entries will close on Monday, October 24, at Noon (EST, -5GMT). All entries will be added to a spreadsheet and assigned a number and one winner will be chosen via random.org.
Please be aware, if you win and I do not have a way to reach you or if I do not get a response in three days, you will be disqualified and I will draw again. | <urn:uuid:714a31ac-3dda-46c9-865e-c6efb92a88c9> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,344 |
30 Days, 30 Gifts | Day #20: Limited Edition 2009 Promise CabernetAuthor:Sarah Virginia White
‘Tis the season of family, friends, food, festivity, and total mall frenzy. Skirt the lines and make our 30 Days, 30 Gifts guide your go-to holiday shopping resource. Every day for the next 30 days, our editorial team will share beautifully designed must-haves that will delight the creatives in your life. Get out your naughty-or-nice list, and let the gift giving begin!
Shop it: Limited Edition 2009 Promise Cabernet, Promise Wine, $500
For: The Design-minded Locavore
Why they’ll love it: For a bottle that is sure to please—and pour for—a crowd, snag the limited edition 1.5 liter 2009 Cabernet from Napa boutique winery Promise. The bottle is beautiful enough to leave unopened on your table througout the season. But considering that the regular 750 mL bottles have completely sold out and the winery is releasing a special edition of magnums from its personal archives, we think your guests will be clamoring for a taste.
Industry pioneers Kneedler Fauchère celebrate a historic 75th anniversary by reflecting on their her-storic foundation The original showroom located in Jackson…
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Save the Date: The 2023 San Francisco Fall Show
The country’s most iconic antique show returns from Thursday, October 12 through Sunday, October 15 at Fort Mason Center for Arts…
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Step Virtually Inside the Living by Design Showhouse
The innovative design platform Embello launches its second annual virtual showhouse, Living by Design featuring dream rooms designed by 12 industry…
- September 13, 2023 | <urn:uuid:6c01cd28-ad43-48b5-a321-b3c83e15c6dd> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,628 |
PHOTO VOLTAIC SOLAR
Solar water heating systems almost always require a backup system for cloudy days and times of increased demand. Conventional storage water heaters usually provide backup and may already be part of the solar system package.
A backup system may also be part of the solar collector, such as rooftop tanks with thermosyphon systems. Since an integral-collector storage system already stores hot water in addition to collecting solar heat, it may be packaged with a demand (tankless or instantaneous) water heater for backup.
INSTALLING A SOLAR PV SYSTEM
article-why-solarThe heart of a Solar PV system is the grid-interactive inverter. The inverter takes electrical power generated by solar cells, converts it from direct current(DC) to alternating current (AC), and supplies it for household electrical consumption. Excess power generated during the daytime hours is fed back into the utility power grid. When the amount of power generated by the solar panels is insufficient for the home’s needs,the system draws needed energy from the utility power network (or from an optional battery bank.
If it’s a solar panel installation you’re looking for, call us for a free survey. Commercial or Residential.
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Email : email@example.com
Web : http://www.adlergroup.in | <urn:uuid:b0385486-8da1-4ffb-980a-b3df4b03885c> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,313 |
What is stack memory and heap memory?
What is stack memory and heap memory? Why are they both used? What new is for?
stack: it is for functions. each function will be loaded in stack. Heap: it is for variables in each function. all the variables for that particular function will be loaded in heap. when your recursive function does maximum calls for self, you'll get a stack overflow. when your function uses a lot of variables and when they try to store the values but no space, you'll get out of memory error.
owh great, thanks @nagendraprajawal
How do I generate a list with <N> unique elements randomly selected from another (already existing) list?
Given three integer matrices A(m*n),B(m*n) and C(m*n) . Print the one with more zero elements. beside code
I'm coding this for hours & can't make the value of the 5 random numbers round off to 2 decimal places like in the examples
Overloading + operator
1. Write a program that asks the user for their name and how many times to print it. The program should print out the user’s nam | <urn:uuid:f8e41b0c-ea98-488d-ac70-1034378ae166> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,037 |
Atlas, caching & CodeCampOz
Posted by: Glavs Blog,
on 26 Apr 2006 |
View original | Bookmarked: 0 time(s)
Well CodeCampOz is a done deal. I was lucky enough to do 2 presentations on Atlas, one an Intro talk, and the other a little more detailed. Both seemed to be received well.
I caught up with Brian Davis who sat in on my last Atlas presentation and mentioned he had some issues where the Atlas client libraries were not cached. He got back to me after further investigations on his part and let me know what was going on. I thought it was worth mentioning so have reproduced it below. Thanks to Brian for the info.
When the web.config contains debug="true", any scripts referenced by a WebResources line (ie. deployed via WebResources.axd) will NOT be cached. When debug="false", these scripts are all cached. This is obviously typical of your production settings, but its worth remembering so you know to expect the different behavior in the different scenarios. Check out Scott Guthries blog entry ( http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2006/04/11/442448.aspx )for more detail on the subject. | <urn:uuid:c5526e3a-e33f-4f7c-91a4-4aba5b26769d> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,100 |
Re: Converting an existing table column from char to varchar2
Date: Wed, 29 Feb 2012 14:22:58 -0800 (PST)
Issues I can see encountring:
ORA-01555 on the column update if you're using manual UNDO or the UNDO tablespace is small. Column update takes a long tme if the indexes aren't dropped or set to unusable. Row migration can occur if the varchar2 size is much greater than the original char definition as the row could exceed the available update space in the block. David Fitzjarrell
From: fmhabash <fmhabash_at_gmail.com>
To: ORACLE-L <oracle-l_at_freelists.org> Sent: Wednesday, February 29, 2012 12:08 PM Subject: Converting an existing table column from char to varchar2
I have a need to do this conversion in a large table (10M) rows on a 10.2.0.4.0 database. My research let me to the following facts ...
Option 1) Using 'alter table .."
- Set BLANK_TRIMMING = TRUE
- disable triggers, constraints, drop indexes (?)
- varchar2 size must be >= current char size
- update varchar2 column set rtrim
Option 2) Rebuild table
If you have done this in the past, how was your procedure different and what issue have encountered if any.
Thank you.Received on Wed Feb 29 2012 - 16:22:58 CST | <urn:uuid:5bbf7dcd-2c16-4995-8cdf-e37a8753bfc6> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,189 |
Little league elbow a common problem for young pitchers
Little league elbow is an overuse injury linked with throwing sports such as baseball.
The problem can occur in any baseball player, but is most common in young pitchers.
The cause of the injury is a result of repetitive stress to the inside of the elbow, at the growth plate of the bone, while throwing. During the throwing cycle, there is a great amount of stress generated during the acceleration phase, which translates to the structures on the inside of the elbow.
Little leaguers will usually begin to feel an occasional, painful, distinct pop or click on the inside of the elbow that starts without a specific injury.
Over time, swelling, aching and sharp pains can be felt. At first, symptoms will only be felt with pitching. However, as symptoms progress, any throwing motion may cause pain.
The most common age group to experience this problem is between eight and 15 years. The primary cause of the problem is a high volume of throwing.
Studies have shown there is a direct link between pitch count and elbow pain felt by athletes. Minor leagues have rules about the number of pitches young people should throw in a game.
It is important that a coach or parent count the number of throws by the athlete. Pitches that seem to create the most amount of strain on the elbow are curveballs and sliders. These options are not recommended to pitchers until ages 14 and 16, respectively.
It is important for young athletes to consult with a manual health professional if they are feeling inner elbow symptoms with throwing. Basic treatment includes a period of complete rest from throwing. Length of time depends on the severity of the problem.
Dr. Andrew Fagan is a licensed chiropractor, kinesiologist and clinical acupuncture provider. You can reach him at email@example.com or 905-885-5111 | <urn:uuid:caea565a-6227-4582-a9b2-7567f3c0c7d2> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,853 |
Trees – whether you went for artificial or real this year, you can be resourceful with your tree choice! If you have a plastic tree, try to get as much use from it as you can, to reduce its carbon footprint! If you bought a real tree this year, recycling the tree in January through local refuse sites means you can maximise sustainability.
Lights – did you know LED lights are significantly more efficient than incandescent Christmas lights? This means that not only do you get to save money in energy bills, but you’re also improving your household’s emissions. Ensuring your lights are on at set times, can also help!
Paper – Did you know that some wrapping paper can’t be recycled? If you can, using recyclable papers ensure that your wrapping is sustainable. However, even if you receive gifts in unrecyclable paper, reusing or disposing of it in the right way can help reduce waste.
Food – Christmas is a time for lots of yummy food, but it’s not uncommon to have lots left! Have a think about how you can use the left overs resourcefully. There’s lots of helpful recipes online for you to look at – from pies, to festive sandwiches!
Gifts – Before throwing away replaced items or unwanted presents, it’s worth asking whether it can be reused, or gifted to someone else. Whether it’s a gift that wasn’t right for you, or some clothes that you’re ready to say goodbye to, you can give them to charity (this way you can be sustainable and help others!).
Decorations – reusing the same decorations each year, means that there’s no need to buy more! However, if you want to create a little bit of extra magic for next year, why not give your decorations a makeover, with eco-friendly glitter?
Cards – Did you know you can reuse received Christmas cards for other things? Why not try making gift tags out of your received cards to give them a new lease of life? Alternatively, you could create Christmas bunting to add to your decorations….
For further help on recycling at Christmas why not visit the Leicestershire County Council’s website, where they have fantastic resources about how to recycle locally here | <urn:uuid:191d34a5-b40d-4532-9895-fbdb5da8f7ac> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 2,113 |
Can You Be Allergic to One Cat And Not Another?
You can be allergic to one cat and not another. It is possible for one cat to trigger severe symptoms while another may cause a reaction that is barely noticeable. Most cat allergies are caused by pet dander, and some cats produce more than others. This means it is possible for someone with cat allergies to not suffer with obvious symptoms if they live with a cat that produces less dander.
Are Any Cats Hypoallergenic?
In order to be 100% hypoallergenic, a cat would have to produce no dander at all. Since all cats produce some amount of dander, there is no such thing as a truly hypoallergenic cat. There are, however, breeds that produce dander in very small amounts, making them a great choice for allergy sufferers.
Some of the cats that may work well for those with allergies include:
- Cornish Rex
- Devon Rex
- Russian Blue
Again, these cats still produce some dander so, if you have allergies, it's important to spend time around these cats before adopting or buying.
I'm Allergic, But I REALLY Want A Cat
You're not alone, and the good news is that it's possible to live with cats in spite of allergies. Unless you have a life-threatening allergy, which is rare, your doctor can help you with a plan to deal with the symptoms while still enjoying the company of your pet.
This is good news not just for pet owners, but also for the cats. According to the ASPCA, about 374,000 cats are returned to shelters each year because the owner has allergies.
If you suspect an allergy to cats, visit your doctor to confirm. If the allergies are mild to moderate, treatment and following these tips to reduce allergens in your home may be able to help your four-legged family members remain in your home.
How Can We Help?
Rehome by Adopt-a-Pet.com is the safe, reliable, and free way to find a loving new home for a pet. Our dedicated team of experts is here to support you with resources to help you keep your pet when you can and find the perfect new home for your pet when you can’t. Learn more. | <urn:uuid:33045cc8-8045-4274-acff-33e814f89fb3> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,048 |
EQUITONE is a global brand of fibre cement solutions for ventilated and interior façade coating. The base is a large architectural panel that can be transformed according to the requirements of the façade design. The architectural finish of the materials is created by and for architects.
Our products are basically composed of water, cement, organic and inorganic fibres, minerals and natural pigments, and have the international EDP certificate because they are ecological products with a low environmental footprint. They are also 100% recyclable.
EQUITONE is currently developing a large-scale project to reintegrate the remaining material from the manufacturing process into the production process, as well as already obsolete facades.
Check here Equitone ecoproducts
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Abiding Life Fellowship is a church whose doors are opened to the lost and dying people of the world. Through the power of the Holy Spirit, we are called to spread the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ to a world that is lost and dying in sin.
At Abiding Life Fellowship our vision is to be a perfect blend of backgrounds and colors, to be the church that Christ has called us to be. Not separated or divided by anything, but united by His Word. We believe that to be the light of Christ in the earth we must be united by faith, and it can only be done through the preaching of the truth of this gospel without dilution or alteration.
Our Mission is to be Christ’s hands and feet extended in this world. To bring this life saving gospel to the lost, the dying, and to those that have lost all hope. It is also our mission through worship, evangelism and teaching to equip the church to fulfill the great commission.
We invite you to join us in spreading His word to a lost world. But most of all we are grateful for your prayers, attendance, and giving in this God-ordained mission. | <urn:uuid:3513122b-fb00-440a-a446-38a78b19eb4a> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,080 |
Hello, new Vikans!! Below are download links for the PDF version of “KINETIC TRAGEDY”, which is a prequel teaser short story before the events of my main KINETICS series. Hopefully the mystery and danger and intrigue will pique your interest enough to start the main storyline as well! You will find the other books on Amazon in Kindle and Print formats!! | <urn:uuid:cbec8aeb-19f7-4e77-8663-179a0b68a820> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 355 |
Call us at 800-962-9438
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Okay, first thing’s first, I’m not going to start this story with once upon a time because that implies that it will end with a happily ever after. Sure, James and Walt decided to tell the world that I’m a happy little boy who never wants to grow up, but their stories couldn’t be further from the truth. I don’t even know where the jealous fairy came from, or the hungry crocodile, but there were a few things in my storyline they got right.
I guess I’ll start from where you know the best, from the rooftops of London.
Finally. Was all I could think as I soared over a calm river, far different from the crystal clear waters of Neverland, but better than anything I’d ever seen. I was free, finally in the world I wanted to be, finally back to where I belonged, finally free from that island.
The buildings here were much different than the last time I’d been to London, and I appreciated the quaint rows of charming houses on each street. As I reached the center of town, a large bell tower rose above the rest of the buildings. A glowing smile on my face, I landed gently on the hour hand of the clock. Here I could see all of London, a glittering city of new hope and happiness.
Then everything came crashing down around me. That familiar tug, telling me I had gone too far. I thought I’d escaped, but evidently the shadow had followed me here and was yet again preying on some poor boy who will be bound to the island forever. My heart sank, this was not what I wanted.
Of course I had to go save the boy before the shadow destroyed his soul.
Flying across the town, passing the river once more, I simply followed that ever present connection I loathed. Unsurprised, I landed on the windowsill of a child’s bedroom, and even more unsurprising was that there were three beds inside. Two were occupied by sleeping figures, but the third had thrown back sheets and was completely empty. I worried that the shadow had already done too much damage for me to save the child.
The window creaked as I pressed it slowly open. I felt the shadow watching me before I saw it, mocking me from back wall. Frantically, I searched the room for a body, but thankfully there was none. A sigh of resignation escaped my lips, my freedom was nice while it lasted, then I pounced on the shadow. Of course, slippery little sucker, he jumped out of the way and I rammed straight into the wall. Whipping my head around, I checked on the children. They were still fast asleep, and the shadow was perched on the ceiling fan, still mocking me. It would drag me back to that godforsaken island eventually, might as well be now before it has the chance to hurt anyone.
Faking a jump up at it, I flew straight onto the fan, but it still managed to slip from my grip. I was about to make another move when the gas light by the bedroom door turned on.
“John, Michael? What are you doing in here?” A girl, curled hair bouncing around her terror stricken face, dressed in a simple nightgown stood before us. The two sleeping boys stirred, one sitting up, searching for his glasses, the other hugging a bear close to his chest. Three pairs of eyes trained on me immediately. Instead of running to her parents with tears, the girl stepped forward, a glass of water in her hands. The shadow hovered above my head, ready to make a move. Three children, one of them a girl no less. I had to keep it from taking them.
It leaped off the wall, straight for the smallest boy, but I tackled it in the air before it could get close to the child with the stuffed bear.
“You’re Peter Pan… aren’t you?” The girl said in wonder. Shock made the shadow freeze, my fist wrapped firmly around its ankle. Her eyes sparked with disillusionment. “Are you here to save us? Take us to Neverland so I never have to move out of the nursery?” Her voice was tinted with excitement and, even worse, hope.
“Yay!” The small boy cried “We don’t ever have to grow up!” Fear filled me as I realized what happened. I was too late, the shadow had already influenced their minds, had given them fantasies of wonder and entertainment. Resignation took over, as it always did, because the shadow was going to take them either way, now that it brainwashed them into thinking I was a hero. Squaring my shoulders, I prepared for yet another explanation with a fake smile spread on my face.
“Yes, I am Peter Pan, and my shadow has gotten away from me.” I could feel the shadow mocking me once again. It won, like always, and I was left with a sickening feeling that I would never escape. But I smiled through the pain. Like all of the drills before, I taught them to believe in flying – my normal spiel of happiness and magic – even though it was really just the shadow lifting them into the air. The three of them smiled in bewilderment, the smallest clinging onto his bear the whole time, and the older boy inexplicably bringing along a top hat. This would be the first time we’ve ever had a girl on the island, but the shadow didn’t seem to care. Or didn’t notice.
We flew back across the river, up and up and up towards the brightest star. My stomach dropped and twisted at the thought of returning. It didn’t matter, the shadow just pulled me along because I had no choice in the matter. And then we arrived, Neverland coming into view below us, endless inescapable water surrounding it.
Without a moment’s notice, a cannonball flew at us from beneath. I rolled my eyes at the perpetual aggression of the one and only Captain Hook. “Watch out!” I screamed behind to the children. They didn’t even know what to watch out for, and luckily the cannonball flew straight past them. A hiss came from beside me and the shadow flew down towards the ship in anger. “Follow me,” I told the children hoping the shadow would be busy with the pirates for a while. Long enough for me to hide them away with the rest of the lost boys.
Captain Hook wanted to be free of this island as desperately as I did, but instead of dealing with the shadow and learning how to fly like I did (in vain, but I’ll get away some day), he simply tried to kill me. Every day. It was his belief that killing me would get rid of the shadow, which was wildly inaccurate. The shadow stole me away, prey of some other poor soul who was trapped like me now. The other boy died – I have never known how – and the shadow just picked another victim. And that just so happened to be me.
I guided the children down to the beaches, on the edge of the forest, and whistled into the trees. A chorus of whistles echoed back and I smiled mischievously. The lost boys were hiding in the woods, playing one of their games. It’s true, I hated it here more than anything, but my band of friends was the one thing that brightens my spirits, even if they were brainwashed to think never growing up is a good thing.
Before I could do anything, though, the short boy with the top hat blocked my way with an outstretched hand. “My name is John Darling,” he said terribly formally, but I decided to shake his hand anyway. A sad smile worked its way to my lips. “And I’m Michael!” A small voice peeped from behind me. I turned to see him waving his bear around in the air, standing on the beach in all his footie pajama glory.
The girl didn’t even notice, for she was gazing off down the beach, towards Mermaid Lagoon. Bushes rustled behind me and two boys dressed in all manner of forest material with identical crops of ginger hair peeked out from the line of trees. They whistled.
“Peter! The shadow is back!” George stage whispered, hiding in the shrubbery. His twin, Jim, nodded his head vehemently, eyes wide. There were days when the shadow terrified them, and days where they wanted to play cards with it. I’d learned that it had to do with its mood, and looking out over the water where pirates were falling into the ocean, I decided now was a time to be scared.
“I know,” I whispered in the same tone, “this is John, Michael, and their sister – we need to get them to the tree.” The twins nodded dutifully and waved the boys over to them. I turned, ready to fly out to the pirates and try to get the shadow away from them when I noticed the girl was still staring out at the water. “Hey, you need to go with the lost boys – they will keep you safe.” She turned to me with a confused look on her face.
“It’s so beautiful here.” Loud shots from the cannons rang out over the water, and I whipped my head up to see the shadow flying back towards us. “Come on,” I took the girl’s hand and flew up over the trees, in the opposite direction of where the shadow was headed. I would have let go, but she struggled to stay afloat, for some odd reason. Everyone taken by the shadow believed in flight, and soared through the air as easily as she shadow itself. But not this girl.
“I’m Wendy, by the way.” She told me, struggling for breath as much as she was to stay in the air. Sending a smile her way, I turned towards Mermaid Lagoon, hoping the lost boys made it to the tree before the shadow could send its wrath down on them.
The next few days were spent avoiding the shadow, playing games in the woods, and telling stories in the tree at night. Tonight was Wendy’s turn to tell a story, and I’d noticed that she was very unsettled throughout the day. The lost boys had taken a liking to her, and surrounded the small room dug out beneath our tree eagerly, ready to hear her story. She settled in beside her smaller brother, Michael, and began.
It took only moments for me to recognize it.
Her story was of a boy who never wanted to grow up, who fought pirates and had valor and courage. It was a story the shadow had fabricated to make children believe in me long ago, but I hadn’t heard it for years. She told the story with such wonder in her eyes, excitement and joy in each of her words.
“And that boy…” she looked shyly up to where I was sitting in a hammock, “was named Peter Pan.” And then it clicked. All day she seemed off, she had a fight with the mermaids, kept talking about the future, and her flying kept getting worse. She was never brainwashed.
“Wendy, how long have you known this story?” I asked cautiously. The lost boys also seemed wary of her.
“Ever since I was little.” My eyes widened and I hopped down from my perch immediately. Beckoning Wendy to follow me, I brought her into the back room, separated from the rest of the tree by a heavy curtain. She followed, the boys all settling in for bed.
“Wendy, do you want to be here?” I asked her. She simply gave me a face of confusion. “Wendy I need to know,” I held her shoulders in my hands and gave her a little shake. Although this was an urgent matter, I may have been a little too forceful with my wording.
“No, as a matter of fact I do not.” Without listening to another word I had to say, she stormed out. I heard her call to her brothers. “Come on boys, we’re leaving.” Pieces came flying to me – why the shadow only took boys in the past, how Wendy was much older than anyone here, and how the pirates were stuck here because of greed and anger. Wendy was much younger than them, yes, but she was lured here by the shadow. The pirates were lured here by the prospect of gold and pillaging.
Wendy had the power to escape Neverland.
She had the power to save everyone, but that meant I would have to stay here. Keep the shadow at bay. Make sure it had no power to stop them. But at least they would all get to leave this place.
I had to tell her, make her listen, but when I ran out to the front room, no one was there. Only a note, stabbed into the tree by a dagger.
“Your life for theirs, Peter Pan,” It read. I scowled with a roll of my eyes. The pirates always had to ruin everything.
“Peter Pan will save us! You’ll see!” Wendy shouted as pirates pushed their swords towards her on the plank, fearless even in the face of death. I was going to miss her.
“WALK THE PLANK!” The brutes chanted. Straightening her shoulders, Wendy walked forward. With a smirk on my face, I flew beneath the ship, positioned to catch her. She dropped from the sky, and without a moment’s hesitation, I moved forward, catching her in my arms.
“I knew you would come!” She whispered in excitement. Above, the pirates began to panic. Wendy never hit the water, and they were dumbfounded.
“Wendy, you need to listen to me.” Her face became serious as I explained the plan to her. Tears formed in her eyes, as she knew this was the last time we would see each other.
“Goodbye Peter Pan,” she whispered, giving me a kiss on the cheek. I nodded, unable to say goodbye, as I flew up into the sails. Dropping her off on the climbing rope, so she could climb back to the deck, I flew down behind the mast where the lost boys and Wendy’s brothers were tied up. My knife slipped out of its sheath easily, and I cut through the rope. They wanted to celebrate, but I put my finger to my lips as Wendy stood up on the banister of the ship.
“Listen up!” She shouted. Everyone froze, the pirates with their swords out, ready to pounce. In the distance, I saw the shadow approaching. “I have a way for us all to escape!” The pirates’ swords wavered. “If we work together, we can leave this island forever.” I nodded to her, so she would keep going, and floated silently into the air. The shadow was fast approaching over the water.
For this plan to work, the shadow had to be distracted.
I flew just as fast as the menacing shadow itself, arrow straight. Slamming into the shadow at full force, I pushed it back towards the island. I’d never tried to fight the shadow in its own land before, so this was going to be an adventure.
It hissed, as it usually did when angry, and tried to push back. However, unlike everyone else on the island, this shadow was part of me. It couldn’t simply float through me, or mess with my mind. Because it was part of me, I was part of it. And that gave me what little control I needed for Wendy to convince the pirates.
We spiraled down into the forest below, crashing through the trees. Whirling punches that I wasn’t even sure hurt it, I kept the shadow at an arm’s length. Before we hit the ground, I pulled up and the shadow was caught off guard and slammed into the dirt. The entire island seemed to darken, the sky turning gray and the trees wilting slightly. As I always suspected, Neverland was connected to the shadow as much as the shadow was connected to me.
Clearly I’d made it angry, as I’d hoped to do, and I just had to believe it would follow me out of anger. To keep the shadow away long enough, I had to capture it as it did to so many children before. Like I thought, as I sped through the forest, vines and twigs scraping at my arms and legs, the shadow followed, its incessant hissing accompanying it all the way. It was gaining speed, flying much faster than I’d ever been able to, but I couldn’t let it catch me. Our tree was in sight, the hollow opening at the top gaping and dark.
The shadow was just about to reach me when I shot straight down, into the tree hole. This was the last time I’d see this tree the way it was now. If I trapped the shadow, it would destroy the tree. If I failed, I would probably die and the shadow would lash out in anger and capture the soul of one of the lost boys to connect itself to.
I could not fail.
The shadow followed me in, a storm of rage. I held the curtain to the back room in my hands. A deep breath in and a deep breath out and I was ready. Its hissing seemed to grow louder, even more malicious. Then it pounced.
But I’d gotten this sheet a long time ago, when the shadow was off capturing children and I was helpless but to watch. I’d been preparing it for years and years, and the curtain possessed some of the shadow’s own magic, so that when I wrapped it around the shadow, it was trapped, at least momentarily. No time for celebration, speed was a necessity.
I flew out of the tree and sealed every opening to our home that I could think of and then sped off across the island. A great cracking came from behind me, and I knew the shadow was trying to break out from the tree, but its strength was diminished from the curtain.
When I reached the beach line, I heard the splintering explosion of the only home I’d ever really known. But the shadow was too late. It floated slowly beside me, hovering in the air above the water.
We watched together as a ship, so far in the distance that it looked the size of my thumb, flew straight into the stars and disappeared forever.
I suppose I could end this story with happily ever after, but I truly don’t know what became of my friends after the escaped Neverland. As for me, I was trapped in Neverland forever. It was a dying island with a dying shadow. A shadow that listened to me now, and stayed in its land never to return to the world to steal children to keep its island alive. We will fade away eventually, along with the island itself.
But for now we stayed, forever here in Neverland. | <urn:uuid:34eeb183-e5e3-4476-a89e-ef614abbedfb> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 16,870 |
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Mechanics are answerable for inventory controls, processing order paperwork, and maintaining Mechanics are relied on daily to help keep our fleet of trucks and... | <urn:uuid:750921ef-c0c8-4613-9d3a-1751fcd78d88> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 4,640 |
Updated Dec. 30, 2015 at 1:17 p.m.
BOULDER — Mood mixers, marijuana cocktails and cannabis genomes — these concepts may be unfamiliar to casual followers of the burgeoning Colorado cannabis scene, but they will likely be the driving forces behind an industry that is on track to generate $1 billion in sales for 2015.
As changing demographics and evolving regulation continue to shape the industry, Boulder County businesses remain near the epicenter of the rapidly changing cannabis landscape, crafting healthy edibles and driving research into the plant that has captivated consumers, scientists and investors alike.
High, but not stoned
According to the Pew Research Center, nearly half (49 percent) of Americans 12 and older say they have tried marijuana — but only 12 percent have imbibed in the past year, and a mere 7.3 percent had used in the prior month.
To Charles Jones, founder of Boulder startup Chooze, those statistics are proof positive that people want a more “gentle, pleasant high” than can be obtained with the current cannabis offerings.
Investments in weed
Jones, a cognitive scientist, classifies himself as a wary user of marijuana — “I like what it can do, but I can’t stand being impaired,” — and so, at Chooze, he developed vaporizer pellets that are 50 percent THC (the psychoactive compound in weed) and 50 percent CBD (a non-psychoactive compound touted for its pain-relieving properties).
The products come in a variety of “moods” such as ambition and sedation, and are specially formulated to achieve that state, without typical side effects of smoking pot — paranoia, memory loss, disassociation.
“You don’t get stoned on our stuff,” he said. “You get high.”
CBD: The next aspirin?
Chooze is one of many companies tapping into the purported medicinal properties of CBD, the lesser-known cousin of THC commonly culled from industrial hemp, which became legal to grow in Colorado for the first time in 2014.
Sales for products infused with CBD oil will top $85 million in 2015, according to a recent report from the Boulder-based Hemp Business Journal, though industry insiders say that figure is likely a low estimate.
Bluebird Botanicals in Broomfield, a leading provider of CBD oil, is projecting $3.75 million in sales this year, up from $3.2 million in 2014.
“Our first month, October 2013, we sold a handful of bottles for $500,” said founder and president Brandon Beatty. “The very next month, we did $27,000. The month after that, we did $60,000.
“Managing the growth (has been) crazy,” Beatty said. “CBD just seems to becoming more and more mainstream.”
Kurt Forstmann, director of product development for Denver’s Dixie Brands, said customers increasingly want the pain-relieving and calming properties of marijuana without the high.
For them, CBD is an attractive option for managing their health naturally and sustainably, replacing aspirin as a treatment for headaches, prescription pills like Xanax as anxiety fighters — even anti-itch creams for pets. | <urn:uuid:9bbf6c8e-52d1-42bb-b1dd-9cfb04624aea> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,997 |
Workshop Scheduling |
Sample Workshop Agenda
Sample Workshop Evaluation Questionnaire
Planning Your Workshop
- Identify the goals of your workshop before you begin developing the agenda to ensure that your workshop is as focused as possible.
- Develop a planning schedule and rough budget.
- After you have designed your workshop agenda, create a brief evaluation form to be filled out at the end of the workshop so you can get participants' feedback to make your next workshop even better.
- The most effective workshops include modeling, practice, and feedback on the practice. Whenever possible, create a hands-on component to your workshop to encourage active participation and give participants an opportunity to experience your resources and activities. At the very least, make sure there is dialogue between presenters and audience. The real learning, however, takes place after the workshop, when participants attempt to integrate their newly gained knowledge into their classrooms. One way to help ensure their success is through "peer coaching," in which teachers team with each other to provide support and feedback as they try out the new strategies.
- Consider co-presenting your workshop with one of your partners or a member of your target audience. Try to see your role as a catalyst for bringing people together rather than as an expert on the issue.
- Consider your audience's availability when scheduling local workshops or events. Teachers and formal educators often prefer to attend workshops after school or on Saturdays. Informal educators (youth club leaders and librarians, for example) may prefer a morning workshop before their organization's after-school activities begin.
- An appropriate length of time for a workshop is generally 45 to 90 minutes. If you are planning a more extensive and lengthy training, try to have break-out sessions so people aren't sitting in the same place the whole time. A Saturday workshop can be longer, but attendance may be lower.
Implementing Your Workshop
- On your invitations, be sure to include the event date and time, location, RSVP date, directions, parking information, accessibility information, and a phone number to call with questions.
- Serve a snack or light refreshments at the start of your workshop or during a break.
- Remember, some people always come early to a workshop; others are always late.
- Supplies you'll need include nametags; sign-in sheet for your records; easel, paper, and markers; audio-visual equipment, such as VCR and monitor, overhead projector, laptop and projector, etc.; materials for hands-on activities; extra paper and pencils for participants; copies of your project's resources for participants with extras for them to bring back to their colleagues.
> Workshop Planning | <urn:uuid:779c8bb4-4ce7-4aae-96aa-a72ca9b8f287> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,779 |
The Bronson File
George Costanza had the Penske File while I had the Bronson file. Ever since starting this blog I have made no secret that while growing up Charles Bronson was my favorite movie tough guy so time for another tip of the hat to the screen’s most feared vigilante.
A short while ago while cleaning out the closet full of movie memorabilia (see here) I found all kinds of goodies including the dog eared file where I kept all kinds of news clippings pertaining to Bronson.
I even found a couple of homework projects where I featured the tough guy. If anything this proved I was a budding know it all even as a kid growing up. Here’s the grade 6 cue cards for my speech in English class on Bronson where I was basically urging my fellow students to check out his films.
Then there was the Grade 9 Art class silk screening project using an image carved into a metal plate. This was probably one of the few assignments I actually finished. If I recall correctly, art wasn’t one of my stronger subjects.
Since Dad was a fan it made it easier to tune into the Bronson films that would turn up on televsion from the iconic roles in a trio of sixties classics, The Magnificent Seven, The Great Escape and The Dirty Dozen to earlier seventies films that were turning up regularly on the small screen. Then every now and then there would be a network premier of something like Telefon to keep me happy.
Imagine my surprise when Bronson began filming a new flick in western Canada about the story of Albert Johnson and the manhunt launched by the Canadian Mounties to bring him to justice. The film reteamed Bronson with another iconic tough guy in Lee Marvin. The working title for this outdoor adventure was Arctic Rampage but the film was subsequently released as Death Hunt. To top it off he was featured on our weekly newspaper’s television guide with a story from the films set.
Sadly Bronson was thrust into the media on a regular basis when the love of his life Jill Ireland waged a courageous battle with breast cancer that ultimately claimed her life. While he played a hero on screen, Jill became one in real life as she fought the disease in a very public arena writing a successful book she titled Life Wish.
Nowadays I have original copies of Bronson’s film posters but in the days when my allowance wasn’t enough the newspaper prints would have to do.
Here’s a rare title that was actually a straight drama yet played off his persona with the title Act of Vengeance. It was a U.S. Cable release but in Canada was actually released theatrically.
Lastly this headline because I like it.
Any Bronson favorites? Comments or recollections from the days when tough guys just seemed a little tougher by throwing a scowl or glance versus the muscle bound heroes of today? | <urn:uuid:12661845-cc1c-48e4-b15e-5cfaeb525f51> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,781 |
The collapse of the ancient Mayan civilization may have been linked to relatively modest dry spells, researchers now say.
The ancient Mayan empire once stretched across an area about the size of Texas, with cities and fields occupying what is now southern Mexico and northern Central America, including the countries of Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras. The height of the Mayan empire, known as the Classic period, reached from approximately A.D. 250 to at least A.D. 900.
The ancient Maya had what was arguably the most advanced civilization in the Americas. For instance, they made dramatic breakthroughs in astronomy that helped them very accurately predict where the moon and other planets would be in the sky centuries in the future. They also left behind many books and stone inscriptions regarding the stories of their gods and the history of their divine kings and queens.
For unknown reasons, the ancient Mayan civilization then disintegrated more than a millennium ago. The number of people declined catastrophically to a fraction of the empire's former size, and the ruins of its great cities are now largely overgrown by jungle. [Photos: First Glimpse into a Mayan Tomb]
Scientists have long drawn connections between the slow decline of the ancient Maya, which took about two centuries, "to climate change, and especially to drought," said researcher Martín Medina-Elizalde at the Yucatan Center for Scientific Research in Mexico. "No sound estimates had been made about the severity of this drought, but some have suggested extreme scenarios."
To see how much rainfall the ancient Maya saw before the demise of their civilization, the researchers combined the four most detailed records of past climate changes known regarding the civilization's collapse — three from nearby lakes and one from a stalagmite, a mineral formation that grows upward from a cave floor. This helped develop a model of "the region's balance between evaporation and rainfall," Medina-Elizalde said.
The scientists found that rainfall in the region decreased episodically for periods as long as a decade at a time.
"Our results show rather modest rainfall reductions between times when the Classic Maya civilization flourished and its collapse between 800 to 950," said researcher Eelco Rohling, a paleoclimatologist at the University of Southampton in England. "These reductions amount to only 25 to 40 percent in annual rainfall, but they were large enough for evaporation to become dominant over rainfall, and open water availability was rapidly reduced. The data suggest that the main cause was a decrease in summer storm activity."
The timing of these dry spells might help explain why modest reductions in rainfall still may have helped cause the demise of a well-established civilization.
"Summer was the main season for cultivation and replenishment of Maya freshwater storage systems and there are no rivers in the Yucatan lowlands," Rohling said.
It appeared to Rohling that the ancient Maya had become reliant on continuous rainfall supplies, and had stretched the capacity of their farmlands to a fine limit based on normal levels of rain. "Then, even a rather subtle climatic change was enough to create serious problems," he told LiveScience. "Societal disruptions and abandonment of cities are likely consequences of critical water shortages, especially because there seems to have been a rapid repetition of multiyear droughts."
Rohling emphasized they are not saying that climate ended the ancient Mayan civilization. "We are documenting that there was a reduction in rainfall, and that reservoirs of water were evaporating," he said. This may in turn have led to societal unrest or diseases or both, "which are more likely to explain the actual collapse of society."
The scientists noted that the droughts they saw during the demise of the ancient Mayan civilization were similar in severity to those projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the near future in the same region. [10 Surprising Results of Global Warming]
"There are differences too, but the warning is clear — what seems like a minor reduction in water availability may lead to important, long-lasting problems," Medina-Elizalde said. "This problem is not unique to the Yucatan Peninsula, but applies to all regions in similar settings where evaporation is high. Today, we have the benefit of awareness, and we should act accordingly."
The scientists detailed their findings in the Feb. 24 issue of the journal Science. | <urn:uuid:76847094-d7f5-41b3-adcc-ef7c5fc570ec> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 4,531 |
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By Robert Garrova | August 22, 2018 | NHPR
Right now, cars from several major manufacturers use visual imaging and vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity to make cars more autonomous.
But the tech UNH and its partners are working on allows cars to talk with infrastructure too.
“One of the things that would be huge, is these stoplights are basically communicating ‘hey we’re red,’ [so] that the car knows ‘I need to stop regardless of what the driver is doing,’” said Christina Dube, Research Program Manager for UNH’s Connectivity Research Center.
Researchers believe the technology could make transportation greener too, by allowing cars to manage speed based on upcoming signals instead of having to stop and accelerate again from a red light.
Two UNH students gave an early demo of how the tech works Tuesday, with a tablet computer displaying the red, yellow, green signals of a nearby mock traffic light - in real time.
“We use a traffic controller signal to be able to broadcast messages out to cars that are approaching an intersection so that they would be able to have information about the intersection, such as how long the light is going to be a certain color, or what color it’s going to be,” said Ethan Wamsley, a computer engineering student at UNH and part of the team working to test the technology.
The traffic signal data could be helpful for drivers, with the potential for displaying red light countdowns on vehicle navigation systems or heads up displays.
The project received $83,000 from the Federal Highway Administration. Researchers hope to test on three busy intersections in Dover in September.
Dover is the only city in New England to participate in a national challenge from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials to approximately 20 intersections by 2020. | <urn:uuid:9dbe6e75-2dc3-4ae3-9cda-8b0593b241c3> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 1,814 |
"When ATI first announced its CrossFire multi-card graphics platform to the world in late May, the clever folks on the red team had a few interesting new twists to offer in their answer to NVIDIA's SLI. One of the more appealing features of the CrossFire platform was to be a "super antialiasing" mode, allowing two graphics cards to team up in order to produce higher quality antialiasing than available on a single card alone. We liked the idea, noting that "CrossFire rigs may provide image quality benefits even in games where fill rate and geometry throughput aren't normally at a premium." Since there are quite a few current games that don't really take advantage of even a single high-end graphics card, using the extra power of a second card to improve image quality makes sense."
"In North America, we really only have a few choices when shopping for MP3 players. We have decent-but-overpriced units from Creative, Dell, Apple, etc. There are also the super expensive proprietary format Sony players. If you want to save some money, you're stuck buying a budget unit made from paperclips and gum for $0.25 somewhere in China. But you do have a choice between high end US and Japanese players, and low end China players. They come from Korea, where prices aren't highly inflated, but the quality is certainly there. Today we'll be looking at one such unit, from a Korean company that spun off from Samsung a few years back, and know how to make a good MP3 player (they built the "Yepp" line for Samsung for years)."
Asus WL-530g Pocket Wireless Router Review @ The TechZone:
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"MSI recently launched their Digi VOX USB 2.0 adapter which allows you to watch and listen to digital TV and radio broadcasting on your PC or notebook. Read on as we take a close look at the Digi VOX and just what it can add to your HTPC with its many fancy features which won't make a big dent on your bank account." | <urn:uuid:e8b0dbde-a44e-4e0f-9005-19618ac4b8fb> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,204 |
The Belle Fourche River was the primary erosional agent of the sedimentary rocks around Devils Tower. Today, the river is a “meandering river,” consisting of a series of horseshoe-shaped meander bends.
The Belle Fourche River continues to erode Devils Tower, slowly cutting away at the tower’s southern flank. The river also deposits sediments, forming stream terraces.
To hear more about erosion and deposition along the Belle Fourche River, listen to a ranger talk. | <urn:uuid:9622177f-ab82-43cd-b08a-d051a5f0e22e> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 467 |
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008 01:35:07 -0700, HarryWx wrote:
> Microsoft NEEDS to start releasing upgrades for the older browsers such as IE
> 6 etc. I do not understand why this company refuses to do so either
> considering Firefox etc can and does it.
Actually, Mozilla (publisher of Firefox) ends support of its older products
at some point, too:
I don't remember the last of the Fx v.1.0.0.x series, or when Mozilla
> This is causing massive issues with a good number of websites. Which yes i
> happen to own a couple. A number of which now wont even support IE period
> because of this debacle.
MSIE still commands a respectable lead in the browser market. I doubt if web
site support for it will end any time soon. OTOH, I just upgraded one
Windows Me computer to Windows XP, and will likely upgrade another, soon.
When I did that, I also installed MSIE 7 (not that I use it for anything
other than Windows Updates).
While Windows 9x can't run anything higher than MSIE 6, support for those
OSes stopped years ago. MSFT stopped selling Windows XP on June 30, 2008;
and support is only slated until 2014.
> Thus i would find a way to make it so those stuck on ie 6 or whatever can
> move on up with the rest of the world to ie 8. We ALL know it can be done or
> would you all rather PO the rest of the world as you guys seem to be doing a
> fine job of already?
> Time to fix this once and for all.
MSFT has engineered MSIE into the operating system. When older OSes are out
of support, the browser support ends with it. That is just the way MSFT
operates. Don't like it? Get Linux.
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Racing legend Sir Jack Brabham to be farewelled in a state funeral at Southport this afternoon
- From: Gold Coast Bulletin
- June 11, 2014
THOUSANDS of mourners have arrived to celebrate the life of motor racing legend Sir Jack Brabham in Southport this afternoon.
Elite racing drivers and sports people have joined the crowd at the Southport Church of Christ where friends and family have gathered for the State Funeral.
The 88-year-old racing great passed unexpectedly after eating breakfast in his Benowa home on May 19.
It was decided to hold a state funeral, with his family’s blessing, to farewell and celebrate a man who touched many people.
Premier Campbell Newman will speak at the service, which begins at 1.30pm.
More to come.Originally published as Racing legend's life celebrated | <urn:uuid:568acf5d-0e85-414d-b1ec-2586ebd4c7e3> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 792 |
We can’t have Article 1(2) of the Federal Constitution referring to North Borneo and Sarawak suddenly, out of the blue.
When there’s conflict of issues, like Article 1(2), only the court can resolve the matter.
Parliament is not the right forum.
In law, there must be source to have jurisdiction, authority and power.
The six words are important . . . “Pursuant to the Malaysia Agreement 1963 . . .”
There must be a paragraph under the Definition of Federation in Article 160(2) to Define Malaysia as per Article 1 MA63.
This is not about two definitions of Federation in Article 160(2).
One is the Definition of Federation as per the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948 reinforced by the Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957.
The other is the Definition of Malaysia as per Article 1 of MA63.
Malaysia is not Federation but Equal Partnership. Malaya is Federation.
Equal Partnership. Equal Status in Law.
High Court of Malaya.
High Court of Borneo.
Federation of Malaya Agreement was in 1948.
1957 was the Federation of Malaya Independence Act.
The 1957 in the Definition of Federation in Article 160 (2) is a reference to the Federation of Malaya Independence Act but mistakenly written as Federation of Malaya Agreement.
MA63, according to international law, is invalid.
What’s the basis in international law for North Borneo and Sarawak to be in Federation with Malaya?
The people in Borneo can’t be party to an illegality i.e. Malaya occupying their homelands.
It’s the INTENTION of the Founding Fathers and the INTENTION of the people in Borneo on 16 Sept 1963 that matter in law . . . spirit of the law more important than letter of the law in rule of law.
Just letter of the law alone is not law, it’s dictatorship.
Until MA63 is declared invalid by a court or ICJ, it’s still valid.
So, the way forward is to Invoke Article 8 of MA63 on self-determination.
Incompatibility, under the principles of self-determination, rules out peaceful co-existence.
The Malaysia Constitution exists.
When it comes to Borneo on the Malaysia Constitution, the High Court of Borneo and Federal Court must read MA63, Batu Sumpah and the other constitutional documents on Malaysia together with the Federal Constitution.
MA63 refers to the Malaysia Constitution but does not say it must be written/codified. | <urn:uuid:1304876c-c0dc-4709-b7c5-a2321d42027f> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 2,301 |
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Tammie’s Bling is open Monday-Saturday and we try our best to get online orders shipped as soon as possible. Most orders will be shipped by the next business day, but please allow 48 hours to receive shipping/tracking information.
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Call for papers
Faculty of Law and Business Studies at the Catholic Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia is organising on September 22 -23 2022 a two day international scientific conference Transition 2022. The Conference will bring together the thoughts and analyses of scholars addressing the development, performance, and challenges of transition economies.
- The overall conference topic is: Still systemic change, transformation or a backslide transition?
We invite you to submit an abstract and/or a paper to attend the conference. We encourage authors to explore questions including (but not limited to):
- Still systemic change, transformation or a backslide transition?
- Transition ex-post: not an uniform path?
- Economic freedom, property rights and the rule of law, forgotten guidelines?
- Economic roots of populism in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Who pulls the strings in the political economy of transition economies: the state, parallel networks, or mafia?
- “Sustainability” – any substance or relevance for transition economies.
- Tax policy and its effects in transition economies.
Entrepreneurship development in transition economies: the story of increasing divergence
- The economics of energy and political constraints.
- The role of global value chains in transition economies.
- Population and migration policies in transition economies.
- Illegal migration and individual property rights.
- Return of state terror and its economic aspects: Belarus and beyond.
- COVID-19 policies and aftermath.
To be included in the Conference Programme and presented at the steep Conference, papers or abstracts have to be submitted on time and must be approved by reviewers.
Submitted papers must not have been previously published nor be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. All papers are refereed through a peer review process.
The Catholic Institute will publish the papers given at the Conference in its scientific journal Res Novae. High quality papers will be considered for publication in Post-Communist Economies. At least one author of the abstract or a paper should participate at the conference and present the research within the conference programme. Conference participants are not obliged to publish their paper(s) in the Conference proceedings.
Awards for the Best Paper and the Best Presentation
The Programme Committee Members will select the four best papers submitted to the conference. Taken into consideration will be relevance to the scope of the conference, together with the scientific contribution and innovativeness of the paper.
The first prize will be €400 and prizes of €200 each for three runners-up.
In addition, there will be an award for the most outstanding presentation during the conference. The impact of the presentation will be considered and whether the speaker is inspiring and authoritative.
- All abstracts will be included in the Book of Abstracts.
- All papers will be privately distributed among conference participants.
- Conference Proceedings with ISBN will be published as a special issue of the Catholic Institute scientific journal Res Novae. Authors can choose to have their paper included in the proceedings.
- Post-Communist Economies will consider conference papers for publication. Selected papers need to be extended and adapted according to the journal’s requirements.
Conference Programme Committee:
- Péter Ákos Bod; (Professor, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary)
- Philip Booth; (Professor, St. Mary’s University, London, UK)
- Anže Burger; (Associate Professor, Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia)
- Martina Basarac Sertić; (Research Associate, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Economic Research Division, Zagreb, Croatia)
- Alexander Chepurenko; (Distinguished Professor, Head of the School of Sociology, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia)
- Gorazd Justinek; (Associate Professor, Faculty of Government and European Studies, New University, Slovenia)
- Silvana Malle; (Emeritus Professor, Department of Economic Science, Verona University Santa Marta, Centre for International Studies, Italy)
- Tomasz Mickiewicz; (Professor, Aston Business School, UK)
- Rado Pezdir; (Senior Lecturer, International School for Social and Business Studies, Celje, Slovenia)
- Abel Polese; (Senior Research Fellow, School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Estonia & Senior Research Fellow, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland)
- Krassen Stanchev; (Professor, Sofia University, Bulgaria)
- Mitja Steinbacher; (Dean, FPV – Faculty of Law and Business Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia)
- Ružica Šimić Banović; (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Zagreb University, Croatia)
- Vlatka Škokić; (Associate Professor, University of Split, Faculty of Economics, Split, Croatia & Visiting Research Fellow, School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK)
- Janez Šušteršič; (Professor, International School For Social and Business Studies, Celje, Slovenia)
- Zoran Vaupot; ( Associate Professor , FPV – Faculty of Law and Business Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia)
- Valentina Vučković; (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Croatia)Best regards | <urn:uuid:5ead97b3-9b1b-4086-9377-6aaaaf0405a2> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,323 |
The study of English literature leads to a profusion of compelling experiences through the reading of works by Shakespeare, Dickens, Woolf, Atwood, Cohen, Hemingway, and Rushdie. UdeM’s graduate programs offer a cornucopia of courses that will cultivate your imagination as well as your critical and creative thinking.
As a city where French and English speakers coexist with individuals from a range of linguistic and geographical backgrounds, Montreal provides the ideal context for studies that focus on the contact and interaction between literatures, languages, and cultures. Our courses thus consider the social and cultural significance of literature through the exploration of topics such as postcolonialism, globalization, gender and sexuality, and popular culture.
The Département de Langues et de Littératures du Monde’s English studies programs foster cultural awareness and an interdisciplinary approach through our thought-provoking seminars and professionalization workshops. Our graduate programs enable students to further their comprehension of a variety of cultural, historical and literary issues that are shifting and evolving on a global scale.
Building on a comprehensive and creative approach, UdeM’s English studies programs offer a variety of courses, which include the study of British, American, Irish, and Canadian literature. Our curriculum includes various Anglophone literatures from Quebec, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean, and reflects a variety of pedagogical perspectives of a national, postcolonial, avant-garde, and experimental character.
Who are these programs intended for?
MA and PhD programs are designed for anyone who wants to enrich his or her knowledge and deepen his or her theoretical, critical, historical or analytical engagement with English studies. The programs are also ideal for those who wish to combine their research with their creative work.
Students benefit from a sometimes contribute to our research centres, whose work is disseminated in classes and seminars.
The MA and PhD programs are open to English graduates as well as those coming from other fields of study related to English, provided they meet the admission requirements. Aspiring graduate students must have a minimal command of French to fully take part in the student and academic life.
MA and PhD degrees in English can lead to university and college tenure-track positions. The degrees, sometimes combined with previous studies in other related fields, can also increase the chances of finding managerial and executive positions.
With their superior command of written English as well as their critical thinking and close reading skills, our graduate students can also plan to enter the job market in a variety of related sectors, such as:
- Publishing and journalism
- Media and advertising
- Public relations
- Civil service
- Research and documentation
- Planning and organization of major cultural and literary events | <urn:uuid:ad50be84-588a-4e29-ac13-45a0a3b61e3b> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,950 |
Looking for Organic Mattress Free Shipping…
Numerous shoppers are drawn to mattresses made with natural, organic, and sustainable products but are worried about price. Eco Terra set out to construct a natural, affordable mattress and the result is the Eco Terra mattress The business specifically offers this latex hybrid mattress, which is made with organic cotton, natural wool, Talalay latex, and upcycled steel coils.
The Eco Terra mattress is readily available in two firmness alternatives: medium (5) and medium company (6 ). Having two available firmness levels makes sure there is an option for almost every sleeping position and body type. Buoyant latex and responsive coils alleviate pressure points while keeping the spine aligned.
The breathable building and construction of the Eco Terra mattress avoids sleeping hot. Considering that the mattress is made without synthetic materials or severe chemicals, it is searched for by eco-conscious consumers. The mattress is handcrafted in California.
Good sleep depends on a comfortable mattress. We all know it. We’ve all slept on a less than stellar mattress that woke us up throughout the night and left us feeling unpleasant and exhausted in the morning. We now live in the era of the high-end mattress. There are many exceptional bed mattress offered for anybody seeking a perfect night’s rest. Eco Terra is a natural hybrid mattress that wants to fill the luxury mattress sized whole in your heart. Will it perform and offer the sleep that you’ve frantically sought for your whole adult life? There’s only one method to find out, so read on …
Mattress Prices and Sizing
The Eco Terra mattress is made with natural bed mattress sustainable materials.
It is likewise economical for a natural latex hybrid. While a lot of models cost near $2,000 or more, a queen size Eco Terra mattress is frequently readily available for much less. The business keeps its costs budget-friendly by manufacturing its mattresses in-house and offering directly to customers. This makes it an enticing option for value-minded buyers.
The Eco Terra is available in all 6 standard mattress sizes.
|Twin||38″ x 75″||11″||59 lbs.||$849|
|Twin XL||38″ x 80″||11″||63 lbs.||$949|
|Full||54″ x 75″||11″||84 lbs.||$1049|
|Queen||60″ x 80″||11″||100 lbs.||$1149|
|King||76″ x 80″||11″||127 lbs.||$1349|
|California King||72″ x 84″||11″||126 lbs.||$1349|
Comfort and Feel
As the name suggests, Eco Terra is 100% natural latex that is in fact ‘green’. There are a handful of natural latex bed mattress on the market at this moment, but Eco Terra is one of the best. The mattress is offered in two firmness options to suit your sleeping choice: medium and medium-firm. Both live up to their labels. Neither is too soft nor too difficult, but one is a little firmer for sleepers who need it. Despite which firmness you pick, there’s no rejecting that Eco Terra bed mattress are a comfy combination of the pressure relief and contouring of latex foam with the springiness of little coils. The leading layers are made from latex and will flex to follow the curve of your body. Below that layer lives the soothing pushback of little fabric-encased coils. Together, the layers of this mattress supply the comfort and support that will have you sleeping like an infant.
• Motion Isolation
The Eco Terra mattress utilizes premium helpful fabric-encased coils that offer little motion transfer and an incredibly resilient sleep. If you are a sleeper who prefers an “in the mattress” feel, memory foam might be a better option.
• Edge Support Organic Mattress Free Shipping
Ever found yourself moving off a mattress in the middle of the night? That’s since that mattress has bad edge support. You won’t have to worry about that with an Eco Terra mattress. Lower-gauge coils on the perimeter of the support core supply above-average edge support. The coils do a remarkable job of offering support from the centre of the mattress all the way to the edges. In general, hybrid mattresses tend to use better edge support than innerspring beds due to their pairing of springs and foam.
Almost all brand-new bed mattress release a faint smell when opened, however those smells are nothing to be worried about. This off-gassing is common in almost all brand-new products (new car smell, and so on). A lot of natural latex bed mattress do not discharge a pungent off-gas like artificial mattresses. Eco Terra has a scent instead of an odor. It produces a faint vanilla aroma that’s really rather pleasant. Like any other form off-gassing, the scent will be gone within a couple of days.
Considering that latex foam does not maintain heat like memory foam, the mattress will keep a neutral temperature level whether it is hot or cold. Ontop of that, the natural cotton cover also helps to regulate the flow of air in and out of the mattress and the encased coils push out excess body heat. Eco Terra went out of their way to develop a mattress that will not trap heat.
Who Should Buy the Eco Terra Mattress?
- Someone who wants a cooler sleeping mattress.
- You want less chemicals and more natural products because of ethics, sensitivity or a more green lifestyleWhen you or somebody you sleep with relocations around on the bed, you like a medium or company feel and a faster response
- Likes the idea of a mattress with less chemicals and that’s not made in China with less expensive materials. Eco Terra is made in the USA, in California and they manufacture in addition to offer the bed. Organic Mattress Free Shipping | <urn:uuid:e7113cbf-5880-4687-ba18-487d75951a62> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 5,532 |
Salt Fish Girl: A Novel
Salt Fish Girl is the mesmerizing tale of an ageless female character who shifts shape and form through time and place. Told in the beguiling voice of a narrator who is fish, snake, girl, and woman - all of whom must struggle against adversity for survival - the novel is set alternately in nineteenth-century China and in a futuristic Pacific Northwest.
At turns whimsical and wry, Salt Fish Girl intertwines the story of Nu Wa, the shape-shifter, and that of Miranda, a troubled young girl living in the walled city of Serendipity circa 2044. Miranda is haunted by traces of her mother's glamourous cabaret career, the strange smell of durian fruit that lingers about her, and odd tokens reminiscient of Nu Wa. Could Miranda be infected by the Dreaming Disease that makes the past leak into the present?
Framed by a playful sense of magical realism, Salt Fish Girl reveals a futuristic Pacific Northwest where corporations govern cities, factory workers are cybernetically engineered, middle-class labour is a video game, and those who haven't sold out to commerce and other ills must fight the evil powers intent on controlling everything. Rich with ancient Chinese mythology and cultural lore, this remarkable novel is about gender, love, honour, intrigue, and fighting against oppression.
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Review: Salt Fish GirlUser Review - Esther - Goodreads
I was hooked to this book from the very first page. I had never read anything written by Larissa Lai and I ended up so pleased! I really enjoyed the stories of both main characters and all the ... Read full review | <urn:uuid:d67d2083-cea8-4761-8577-5532ff008061> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,683 |
Tree Ring Data and Environmental Variables
This activity was selected for the On the Cutting Edge Reviewed Teaching Collection
This activity has received positive reviews in a peer review process involving five review categories. The five categories included in the process are
- Scientific Accuracy
- Alignment of Learning Goals, Activities, and Assessments
- Pedagogic Effectiveness
- Robustness (usability and dependability of all components)
- Completeness of the ActivitySheet web page
For more information about the peer review process itself, please see http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/review.html.
This page first made public: Jun 3, 2014
This activity uses Bristlecone pine tree-ring data to understand how tree growth is related to environmental variables. It can be used to test hypotheses about how tree growth has been increasing with increasing northern hemisphere temperature in the past 100 years. This activity was originally developed by Christine Hallman and Katie Hirschboeck at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona. This activity is used in a Global Change course for first year non-science majors.
Intro to Global Change Course. First year non-science majors, fills a gen ed requirement
Skills and concepts that students must have mastered
The students should be able to read time-series plots and understand the basics of how tree-rings can be used as a proxy of environmental information in the past. This is taught in earlier lectures and activities in this course.
How the activity is situated in the course
This activity is in the middle of the course as a stand-alone exercise. Can be performed in one or two series of exercises. The version I present here consists of a take-home assignment followed by a group activity in class.
Content/concepts goals for this activity
linking tree-ring growth with environmental factors. understanding how elevation and geographic area influence tree-growth characteristics.
Higher order thinking skills goals for this activity
observing trends in time-series data. Completing data tables. formulation of hypotheses
Other skills goals for this activity
working in groups
Description and Teaching Materials
This is an activity where students complete a take-home assignment, where they refer to lecture material and websites to understand the basics of dendrochronology and Bristlecone pines. They answer questions and complete a data table, which they bring to class. Students then work in groups to analyze tree-ring data (skeleton plots and ring-width plots) and discuss hypotheses about testing tree growth with environmental variables/influences.
Bristlecone pine assignment (at home) (Acrobat (PDF) 203kB Jun3 14)
Bristlecone pine group activity (in class) (Acrobat (PDF) 173kB Jun3 14)
Bristlecone pine powerpoint (Acrobat (PDF) 1.9MB Jun3 14)
Teaching Notes and Tips
If you are interested in this activity, I can provide additional teaching materials and explanation.
References and Resources | <urn:uuid:13826ceb-6c85-492a-bff8-d4ca8c71bc43> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 3,000 |
You can make a quick stock from the heads and shells you remove from fresh shrimp—it enhances all sorts of seafood dishes, and it’s essential for any shrimp-based recipe, like the CHOW Test Kitchen’s Cognac Shrimp Bisque.
You can always just simmer a heap of shells in water with a few aromatics: You’ll get decent results. But for stock with deeper flavor, begin by sautéing the shells in olive oil until they turn opaque, PamelaD says on Chowhound. Then deglaze the pan with a bit of white wine, throw in half an onion, a sprig of parsley, a few celery leaves, a couple of black peppercorns, and add water to cover. Simmer gently for an hour; strain through cheesecloth. If you have a lot of shells, you can roast them in a hot oven instead of sautéing.
And if you’ve made the stock from the heads of the shrimp in addition to the shells, be sure to squeeze them during the straining process. There’s a ton of flavor in the fat that the heads contain, JungMann says. | <urn:uuid:d971d8b7-8eb5-4342-8568-3debd27edba1> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 968 |
The badges presented below are indicative of ratings presented through different sources who utilize different rating and selection processes. No aspect of these advertisements are approved by the Supreme Court of New Jersey. It’s also important to share the process by which these ratings are assigned/applied, and each are shared below.
Former Prosecutors Turned
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Bergen County Vehicular Homicide Lawyers
55+ Years of Combined Experience Defending the Accused
Vehicular homicide, also known as “vehicular manslaughter” or “death by auto,” occurs when a person drives a car in a reckless or careless manner and causes the death of another person. In the state of New Jersey, vehicular homicide is classified as a second degree felony and can expose a defendant to life-changing consequences upon conviction. If you have been charged with vehicular manslaughter, you need a fighter in your corner who can protect you against the prosecution’s claims and minimize your chances of conviction. You need a powerful Bergen County vehicular homicide attorney from Brickfield & Donahue on your side.
As former prosecutors ourselves, our team of aggressive advocates understand the road ahead and can use our invaluable insight to give you a fighting chance against your charges. We truly believe you are innocent until proven guilty, and we are prepared to do everything within our power to defend your rights during this frightening time.
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Facing charges for vehicular homicide? Make sure your future is in good hands – schedule a free case review today to get started.
An Overview of New Jersey Vehicular Homicide Law
Even if a driver may have never intended to harm another person, they may still face stiff criminal consequences if the courts deem their actions reckless. Under New Jersey Criminal Code 2C:11-5, a person acts recklessly behind the wheel when they “consciously disregard a substantial risk and their actions are a gross deviation from a reasonable person acting with ordinary care.” Acts typically seen as reckless under this loose definition include driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, driving while sleep deprived, racing, tailgating, texting while driving, or speeding.
Penalties for vehicular homicide in New Jersey include:
- Between 5 and 10 years in state prison
- Fines up to $150,000
- A minimum 5 years to lifetime driver’s license suspension
A vehicular homicide charge be escalated to a first degree felony and carry an additional 10 years in prison upon conviction if the fatal collision occurred in close proximity of a school, regardless of whether or not children were present at the time of the crash.
Trust in a Firm with a Proven History of Success
With such high stakes, these types of charges require the skills of a trial-tested Bergen County vehicular homicide attorney in order to be successfully defended against. Having successfully defended countless clients against their criminal accusations, our firm’s top-rated criminal defense lawyers in Bergen County can review the specifics of your situation and craft a custom-tailored strategy on your behalf, ensuring your rights will be protected throughout all stages of your case. With personalized, one-on-one involvement and responsive communication, we will keep you informed of all important developments in your case and explore every opportunity to secure a reduction or dismissal of your charges.
You do not have to plead guilty – call our Bergen County vehicular homicide lawyer at (201) 574-7919 today to begin building your defense. | <urn:uuid:608b1290-a915-4623-abcc-d5f8c8beeb96> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,824 |
My blogging is a victim of my new, wonderful full-time job. To everything, there is a season. I'd love to be here more, but I've gotta pace myself in this life! So many wonderful things to fill my days, so few hours in each day. Two of the trips we've taken this summer were to Salmon Lake and Jackson Hole. It's been great to get out and enjoy the beautiful part of the world we're lucky enough to inhabit. More work and more fun ahead in the next six weeks or so - I haven't looked further ahead than that! | <urn:uuid:ffce6be5-208e-4a87-9ab3-4bf134cc1d98> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 508 |
Running a business isn’t as easy as people make out. You may feel as though you are constantly trying to stay on top of your sales and at times you may even feel as though you have to micromanage your employees as well. For that reason, you need to really do your research and know how your customers work, and most of all, how to get them to buy from you.
It’s All About the Deadline
If you receive a promotional code then there is a high chance that this has a deadline. The main
reason for this is because it encourages you to order before a certain time. If you want to get the best result out of your code then try and make sure that your customers will receive their free gift in the same month of the code. If you give them the code one month but they won’t receive their product for another 6 weeks then this may deter them from using it and it can cause you to get a really bad result out of your discount. If they only have to wait a week, or even two weeks to get their free product however then they will be much more likely to buy from you.
Establish a Trial Period
Trial periods are fantastic ways for you to get new customers. You can offer them a special deal or even an extra service and at a much lower price. When the time does come for you to end the trial, a lot of your customers will carry on if they have enjoyed your service. Some companies make it very difficult for their customers to cancel and this can cause you a lot of problems if you are not careful. For this reason, you have to make sure that your cancellation process is as easy as your sign-up process.
If you own a retail store or even a fast-food store then you need to do everything you can to make sure that you make it attractive to those around you. Digital menu boards are ideal here because the backlight can really help your items to stand out and it means that you can change them at any time you want as well. If you want to make your business attractive in other ways then try and make it memorable for your customers. You can do this by handing out free samples as soon as they walk in through the doors or you can even try and work with them to give them an insight to the products you sell by giving them a demonstration. You can also try and make your business smell nice by lighting candles or even by having scented air fresheners. Anything that you can do to try and stand out will really help you here and you’d be surprised at how easy it is for you to really get more sales by making little changes. Your customers will appreciate it and you know that your employees will as well. | <urn:uuid:ada9de72-ab2a-4d98-bce4-1ff0530c66e4> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,589 |
Friday, April 28, 2006
It’s so weird how candy seems to appear sometimes. It might have been there all along, but it’s invisible to me unless I know what I’m looking for. For a long time I wasn’t even interested in GooGoo Clusters. Mostly because of the marshmallow element. It’s odd that I say that I don’t like marshmallows much, but then I look at the items I’ve reviewed and see the tally that I’ve posted about marshmallow candies 16 times before but only 9 posts about licorice or 10 about malt which are actually a favorites of mine. But in my defense I most recently tried the GooGoo Supreme because it included one of my favorite nuts, the Pecan.
As disappointing as that bar was, it did get me curious about the GooGoo Cluster. But where to find one? I thought about ordering them online, but it’s kind of a hassle and candy is all about easy, isn’t it? Then I was in the 99 Cent Only Store looking for some cheap storage bins for all my candy and I breezed through the candy aisle and saw them!
The GooGoo Cluster is a flat marshmallow center with a glaze of caramel which is then covered in a mix of milk chocolate studded with peanuts.
There are a lot of nuts, and they’re like those Spanish peanuts in that many still have their skins. It’s an interesting combination of textures and flavors. The goo is soft and though not quite flowing, it’s not foamy either. The caramel provides a good bit of chew to the whole thing and then there’s the chocolate and coconut. Yes, there’s coconut in here - which gives the peanuts much more of a nutty pop and makes everything taste creamier.
I was VERY suprised by this bar. First, I think it helps that it was obviously fresh. I’m often hesitant to review bargain store candy, but these are clearly not leftovers or closeouts. Second, it’s a great combination of flavors in the proper proportions. (As long as you like peanuts). It wasn’t too sweet and it wasn’t too gooey (if you can believe that a bar named GooGoo isn’t too gooey).
I just hope they keep selling them at the 99 Cent Only Store ... or maybe I hope they don’t!
Every once in a while I get an email with an offer for stuff to review. As much as I want to just accept every offer of free goodies, I had to develop a standard for freebies/samples. They have to offer something no one else does. Robert at Best Regards had me at “Cranberry Orange Craves.”
His line of chocolate barks feature his custom blend of chocolate and he recounts the discussion with his wife during his development of the treats this way:
I’ve never really considered dark chocolate to have an “aftertaste”, I always considered the dry, astringent or bitter carryover notes to be part of the experience. But I can see how the mellowness of milk chocolate alleviates both the good and bad lingering flavors.
Best Regards is located in the Kansas City, Kansas area, which is really one of the last places I would have expected good, distinctive chocolate to come from. Though the bulk of his edibles and gift baskets features cookies, the basket he sent has a large assortment of chocolate barks (called Craves) and even a fun variety of chocolate covered Oreos. So let’s dig in!
This is the star, the Cranberry Orange Craves - smooth dark chocolate flavored with orange essence and generously studded with dried cranberries. It’s an incredible combination and amazingly, I’ve never had it before. The zesty orange goes so naturally with the cranberry’s tart chewy bite and the smooth and mellow chocolate just brings it all together.
The best way for me to judge these sorts of things is to keep track of which package I finish first. This one was gone in the first weekend.
Orange and Oreo Chocolate Craves - the dark chocolate is smooth and creamy, but does lack some of the more subtle chocolate nuances. However, this is a combination bar, with orange essence added into the chocolate, so the rather homogenized background is actually pretty good as a foundation. Inside this thick bar are crushed Oreo cookies, which give it a nice crunch. Personally, I wasn’t fond of coming across the Oreo cream but the chocolate crunch was a good combo. My second favorite.
Premium Raspberry Chocolate - plain dark chocolate bark with raspberry essence in it. It’s not too sweet, ultra creamy and smooth. The raspberry has a good balance of floral nuances and there are bits of raspberry in there (including the seeds) which gives a little tartness and fruitiness to the whole bar.
Margarita White Chocolate - this was the only white chocolate offering and it was really good. I know, I’ve said I don’t like white chocolate and then I keep recommending white chocolate things. This was white chocolate that wasn’t too sweet and had lime essence in it. I would have called it Key Lime, because that’s what it tasted like to me. My third favorite.
Mint Chocolate Cookie - I’ve raved about Harry London Mint Cookie Joys before, and these are essentially the same. Minted dark chocolate with chocolate cookie bits in it. Heaven.
The final set in the basket were these two different kinds of chocolate covered Oreos, chocolate and mint chocolate. The plain chocolate ones had little sprinkles on them, and I have to say, as cute as they are, they’re not really that tasty. It’s fine for cake where you might want a little crunchy texture, but they just interfered with the chocolate and cookies here. The mint ones worked much better - a good, classic combo.
On the whole, the chocolate Craves were top notch. It’s hard to evaluate the whole custom blended chocolate part, because I never tasted the pure chocolate in any of these items, it was always in combination with other flavors and textures. While I really like a good dark chocolate, often the harsher bitterness can overshadow some of the more delicate flavors and textures. Of course that sort of intense flavor also keeps me from eating piece after piece. Maybe it’s the difference between fine wine and a good fruity sangria. Both have their place. So Robert at Best Regards has stumbled upon something - a really addictive dark chocolate that’s more “munchable.” Is this a good thing or a bad thing? I can assure you, it’ll be good for Best Regard’s business.
If I lived in the Kansas City area and needed a gift for someone, I’d absolutely take advantage of the gift basket idea (especially the mixed baskets of cookies) with local delivery and he has lots of options that are more on the savory side (and feature some of the local barbeque themes). If I had one suggestion for the sale of these, it’d be the ability to get a tin of them, maybe even a mixed variety. The packaging in the crunchy clear plastic bags wasn’t as resealable as I’d like. (I know, I rail against companies that have too much packaging, now I want more!) A tin of chocolate barks seems like it’d ship better anyway. However, he does offer some of the chocolate varieties as 8 ounce bars.
UPDATE: Wow! Robert is offering a special sampler package based on the products I reviewed here - at a huge discount off the regular $26.00 price, he’s offering it at only $15.99. Just go to the Sweets & Treats page and scroll down to see the “Cybele Special.”
Wednesday, April 26, 2006
One of the most talked-about candy stores in New York City has to be Dylan’s Candy Bar. Unlike Economy Candy, Dylan’s is all about display and experience. Also unlike Economy Candy: you pay a premium.
Located on Third Avenue at 60th Street - it’s a tony address - though not quite Park Avenue it is kitty-corner from Bloomingdale’s. If I could compare the store to something it would be FAO Schwartz. The store is brightly lit and on two levels. The street level boasts a large ice cream bar and featured huge Easter displays when I visited. The ceiling fixtures and shelves are candy themed, with large panels looking like some sort of vine of lollipops growing into the ceiling and large rainbow colored candy canes.
Dylan’s Candy Bar sells a huge range of products, both edible and wearable. The big feature, of course, is candy. The cornerstone is bulk candy and the bins are everywhere. They had a huge selection of all the sugar candy you can think of: gummis, Jelly Belly, Dubble Bubble flavored gumballs and licorice. They have chocolate too, from M&Ms (Colorworks), chocolate covered Oreos and malted milk balls as well as their own line of fine chocolates and flavored Belgian chocolate bars.
There were plenty of folks on hand to help out, none of the lines were very long (I expected the place to be crowded before Easter, but I did make sure to go on a weekday at lunch instead of on the weekend). The salesfolk seemed knowledgeable about the inventory too, which is a pretty big accomplishment with such a wide number of products. The prices for the bulk candies ran about $9.99 and they had some funky stuff, not just in the bulk bins but some fun displays. They had a HUGE selection of PEZ and a great big display of favorite candies chosen by famous people on the lower level. (Frankly, I don’t care much what famous people eat ... I’ll probably care when they ask me to do a custom mix.) There’s lots to look at and do in the store and I saw some children running around having the time of their lives (and their parents looked pretty pleased, too).
Their website features quite a few regional candy bars, so I was hoping to find an Idaho Spud, but it seems that they were fresh out. But I was able to find my Nut Goodie there and I also picked up a few other items that I’ll write about soon. There were also some funky items in the bins, like banana flavored gummi bears and a large selection of candy sticks in a wide variety of flavors and lollipops of all shapes, sizes and colors.
As I mentioned, Dylan’s Candy Bar has their own line of chocolate bars, so I picked up a nice assortment. They come in 10 different flavor combinations, but I picked of the little 1.75” tasting squares as an introduction:
Dark Raspberry - it was a nice dark chocolate bar. Not terribly sweet with a good overtone of raspberry essence to it, but none of the tart bite. The berry flavors mixed well with the earthy and fruity notes of the chocolate itself.
Dark - glossy and dark, there was no indication of the cocoa content here or on the website. It was nice, a little on the smoky side, but very smooth and a tad bit sweet.
Hazelnut - this bar is in the Guanduja-style, the first ingredient is hazelnut paste and the rest of the bar is made up of milk chocolate. It’s soft and creamy and a bit sticky feeling. The overwhelming flavor here is not the hazelnuts but the whole milk powder. The nuts add a level of satisfaction to the bar, but the milkiness just beats the nuttiness out of it to my dismay.
Dark Espresso (unwrapped) - a nice snap but a fair bit of grain in this bar from the ground coffee in it. The coffee flavor itself was good but completely overwhelmed the chocolate flavors and it seemed much sweeter than the Raspberry bar.
Can you tell I’m underwhelmed?
Maybe it started with their frustrating website, maybe I’m spoiled, but I want more info on my purchases. (I had a similar experience in the store.) Maybe I have no idea what a clodhopper is and the clothing ... maybe they could give me info on the fiber content. I want to know how much is in the package, and I want some indication of ingredients.
Maybe the article I read last year about Dylan Lauren rubbed me the wrong way and that’s colored my evaluation of the store. The NY Times line that got me was this:
What’s most interesting is that as I was there, I did not see “The Candy Girl” shopping there. I’m not the sexy, young, thin woman she pursues as a demographic (though maybe two out of four counts). As much as she might be positioning herself that way, the store is about kids - the displays obviously acknowledge that as there was quite a bit of the merchandise marketed to the under-four-foot set. While the store makes it socially acceptable for an adult to come in there and make a purchase(s), a destination like this will always be about children.
The other frustration is the price. Candy bars like the Nut Goodie I picked up are $1.49 and the bulk candy, such as Swedish Fish, in a plain plastic bag is $9.99 a pound. The same candy bar at Economy Candy is $.69 and probably about $1.00 at any of the many corner stores in NYC. The same Swedish Fish at Economy Candy were $3.49 a pound. What are you paying for here? Convenience of the address? Packaging? Isn’t that what Ralph Lauren has been selling us for years anyway? Except RL wasn’t taking Levi’s 501s and slapping his own logo on them and selling them for $100 a pair. Is Dylan’s Candy Bar doing that by taking other brands of candy and just dumping them into a clear plastic paint can?
Though I struggle with the the premium I pay at Vosges or Jacques Torres (which is like a fantasy land as well) I can rationalize it because they own their merchandise; they formulated it, they invented it, they make it. When I go into a mega-mart like Target or Toys-r-Us I expect better prices. Dylan’s just throws all of those expectations out the window. Sure, they have their own line of chocolates, but they sell everyone else’s too. They’re just selling you a brand, a bag and a logo. Sure, I have a similar complaint with the candy stores in malls where everything is in bulk bins and they’re selling it all for $8 a pound, whether you’re picking up plain old peppermint hard candies, gummi bears or M&Ms. But when I’m in Santa Rosa, CA, my candy store choices are limited and I accept the premium for variety. Dylan’s is in NYC, one of the most candy cities I’ve ever visited and Economy Candy is a scant four miles away.
I did enjoy browsing the displays, but the frugal part of me couldn’t get over the prices or the sheer gall of selling something that probably cost about $2 a pound wholesale for $10. There were candies there that I haven’t been able to find in other stores, so I appreciate that there were unique items there and there was a wide price range as well so you could get out of there with a bag of candy for under $5 with careful decision making. Part of the attraction of candy for me has always been its affordability and Dylan’s takes that part of the fun away. It’s no longer a simple pleasure, it’s an expensive one.
As the Candy Blogger, I’ll probably return. But as a simple candy consumer, it’s not a place I’d patronize. I found my second home in New York, it’s Economy Candy.
Dylan’s Candy Bar
Monday, April 24, 2006
About a month ago a friend went to Seattle. Being a good friend she asked me if I wanted anything (knowing it would be a candy request). I told her that several people recommended Fran’s Chocolates, specifically their salt caramels. I even emailed her the locations of their shops to help her find the place.
Well, as luck would have it, she was up there for a panel discussion and one of the hospitality gifts was this package of Gray Salt Caramels ... so they must be famous!
The side of the package heralds them as “Award Winning! Soft butter caramels sprinkled with flavorful gray sea salt harvested off the Brittany Coast.”
I had to do some digging, I saw on their website that the caramels won the 2003 NASFT Outstanding Confection award, but I had no clue what NASFT was. Turns out it’s the The National Association for the Specialty Food Trade, so I guess it’s like the Oscars (tm) for fancy food. (The run the fancy food shows in San Francisco, Chicago and New York ... something for me to put on my list o’ things to do.)
The caramels are covered in dark chocolate which helps to highlight the flavors. The caramel is sweet and the chocolate is smooth and creamy and the salt make it all pop. If anything, the salt makes it all taste creamier and richer. The salt itself had a more musky, deep flavor to it than regular table salt (yes, I tried the salt grains alone).
Salted Caramels are all the rage now, I’ve seen quite a few varieties in the past year or so, but I guess Fran’s was one of the first to present them. The large salt grains give a good textural addition besides the obvious salty pop. They’re very satisfying and vibrant on the tongue, but they don’t beg to be eaten over and over again. I had the package for quite a while and didn’t eat them all in one sitting, nor did I want to.
They’re fantastic, but they feel very special. I wouldn’t want a whole box of them, but I’d like a box of Fran’s candy and have a few of these sprinkled in (like this mix).
I’m definitely keen on trying other chocolates in Fran’s line. You can read more about the history of this Seattle Chocolatier on their website.
Kate at Accidental Hedonist also posted about these last week! So at David Lebovitz’s suggestion, I ate the last one upside-down, so that that salt hit my tongue first ... quite intense!
Friday, April 21, 2006
One of the must-see chocolate places in NYC is Jacques Torres. Even if you’re not a fan of their chocolate or have little money, it’s still an event. There are two locations in New York, one in Brooklyn and one on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.
Billed as Chocolate Haven, it truly is a delight for the eyes. The factory is wide open to witness from the street as they craft their handmade chocolate bars and when I was there they were packaging all of their hand-cast Easter goodies. From inside the store you get more than a view, you also get the scents and sounds.
But the best way to appreciate the innards of chocolate making though is from the Chocolate Haven shop. The glass walls enclose this little slice of sweetness and there’s ample room to move around and stop for a cup of hot chocolate at the chocolate bar.
I had a cup of custom blended Wicked (spiced chocolate) and Orange. It was smooth and sweet but not at all sticky. However, it was so rich and the portion (the smallest) was far too much for me to finish. As much as I tried, I couldn’t manage more than half of it.
Again, a little cup of hot chocolate helps me to keep my wits about me in such a place, it satisfies the chocolate craving and keeps me from going nuts and buying everything or gobbling it up as soon as I get away from the cash register with my purchases.
These little bunnies are just cute as bunnies. They’re each a little bigger than my thumb (which is kinda small) and were a good sampling of the Jacques Torres chocolate. The package was very light and as I guessed, they’re hollow ... so the whole thing weighed about 1.4 ounces. It cost $5.
The Dark Chocolate bunny tasted much like the hot chocolate. Smooth and rich with a slight dry finish, it wasn’t terribly complex but had some good woodsy/smoky qualities. I’m guessing this was the house blend variety of their chocolate which is 60% cocoa. The Milk Chocolate was quite sweet and has the European flavor to it, it was also very smooth but with a more fudgy quality to it. It’s one of those milk chocolates that begs you to eat more of it. The White Chocolate was really quite nice too. It’s true white chocolate in the sense that it’s made with cocoa butter and not tropical oils. It smelled very sweet and in fact tasted that way too, but had a slight caramel/vanilla note to it that made it much better than a bowlful of sugar.
They were all very nice, but for the price, first, I’d want solid chocolate. At this rate a pound of little bunnies would be over $50. I understand that more intense products like truffles demand a higher price, but these hardly qualified for such a premium. Not when the single bars of 3.5 ounces sell for $4.
This was my favorite purchase. I almost missed these too, they were placed up at the register and if I hadn’t already picked out the bunnies, I wouldn’t have even bought anything.
These are candied slices of orange that are then dipped in dark chocolate. They are absolutely gorgeous confections. I just couldn’t resist buying them because I knew they would photograph well. Luckily I love candied citrus peel, so I was really looking forward to these. They were just as dense and rich as I’d hoped. The orange slices were soft and juicy and not too sweet. The rind carried strong orange essences without the slightest bit of bitterness. A well-candied citrus rind bears more fruit flavor than a marmalade, which often tastes of sugar syrup.
I’ve not tried the rest of the Jacques Torres line of chocolates, so I can’t comment on the truffles or other chocolate covered goodies. They’re pricey though, but the visit to their shop provides a bit more value to the brand. I give them higher marks than the sole merits of the chocolate in the bunnies, the orange was extraordinary and gives me the confidence to recommend the other chocolate covered goodies I saw. There were fun items like chocolate covered corn flakes, graham crackers and cranberries and traditional fare like apricots, ginger and pretzels. Where the Scharffen Berger line has always been rather traditional in its expression (and I love that) I don’t care so much for the chocolate, just for the filling. Here the chocolate worked as the perfect complement to the orange and I reckon it would make even pedestrian items like corn flakes tasty.
Jacques Torres Chocolate Haven
I was prompted to seek out this Pearson’s bar after enjoying both the Pearson’s Salted Nut Roll and later the Bun Bars (especially the Maple Bun).
But here’s the question, how is this one different from the Bun Maple? Both are a maple fondant center covered in peanuts and milk chocolate. I had to taste it to find out.
There is no difference in size, they’re both 1.75 ounces and their packaging is sized identically. In fact, they look strikingly similar.
But they don’t taste the same. I don’t know what to attribute this to, but the Nut Goodie is neither a Maple Bun nor a Vanilla Bun. Since I had the wrapper from the Bun still lying around I did a comparison:
Maple Bun Bar.....................................Nut Goodie
So there you have it, they’re different. The Maple Bun, though it lists no maple flavoring, had a stronger mapleness to it, but the Nut Goodie is no slouch. It’s a good bar. The fondant center is a little more dense and has a good sweetness with a balanced slight hit of salt that brings out a more subtle maple/toasted note to it. The nuts are top notch and the milk chocolate is smooth and sweet and of good quality.
I doubt I’ll see many of these around, but if you’re a Maple Bun fan and you can’t find those, this might be a tasty substitute. I’d still like to see these made in a bar form instead of the plop, as it’s a bit harder to eat.
Thursday, April 20, 2006
On my recent tour of New York City Chocolatiers, I took as many suggestions from readers as my poor blistered feet would accept. Luckily Pierre Marcolini on Park Avenue was only a few blocks from the office I was working at. It’s hardly a place the Candy Blogger belongs, after all, I’m just a girl in search of pretty sugar. It doesn’t have to be fancy and I certainly don’t care for those upscale prices. But candy is an adventure!
The Pierre Marcolini shop is everything you’d expect. From the elegant Tiffany-style storefront & rich wood paneling to the pretty counters and displays of chocolates. But, the sales staff was friendly and knowledgeable and hardly turned up their nose a someone who wanted to partake of their smallest box.
While I was getting the lay of the land, I ordered a small cup of hot chocolate, what was most surprising was that this demitasse was the least expensive cup of hot chocolate I had my entire stay in NYC ($2.50). Even though it was a scant 2 or 3 ounces, it was plenty to satisfy me and let me know what I was in store for with their more solid chocolate offerings.
Massepain Nature - “Paste of ground almonds with a powdered sugar in dark chocolate” - My most adventurous choice was this marzipan. While I was talking to the young woman behind the counter, I asked if it had a strong amaretto, and she replied that it did not, it was much more on the chocolate and almond side of things. I went for it. It was a rather mousy looking little chocolate, but maybe that was my prejudice coloring my estimation of its beauty. The marzipan was soft and almost crumbly without being oily or even at all sweet. I’d like to call it sandy, but it wasn’t quite that either. It was very almondy but had a rather obvious amaretto taste to it. I didn’t find it unpleasant but certainly not the first thing I’d opt for in the future. The most surprising part was how filling this was. I was hardly hungry after tasting this one.
Coeur Framboise - “Dark chocolate raspberry infused ganache in a white chocolate shell” - these were positively radiant, like cabochon garnets, pomegranate seeds or candied apples. Inside is a dark chocolate ganache with raspberry essence, covered in white chocolate and then slicked with the translucent red gloss. The berry flavor was lovely, not terribly perfumy, but sweet and smooth with some very strong chocolate notes and a slight tang to it from both the fruit and the cocoa.
Quatre Epices - “Infusion of cinnamon, clove, cardamom and ginger” - I wasn’t sure how the clove was going to play on this one. The center was a little fudgy and not buttery like a truffle and I wondered if I didn’t eat them quickly enough. The spices combined well, with ginger playing a big part without causing a lot of burn. I didn’t really detect any clove at all, but then again, I didn’t get much of a cardamom note either. The texture felt more like a marzipan than a truffle in the end.
Th? Citron - “Dark chocolate ganache infused with tea and fresh pieces of lemon and lime” - May I refer to this as a manly truffle? The tea and citrus was amazing - tart without overpowering the chocolate and it gave the whole thing an “Old Spice” feeling (not in a bad cosmetic sort of way). The acid notes of both the chocolate and lemon and lime played well together with only the slightest sweet hint.
Thym Orange - “Dark chocolate ganache infused with fresh thyme and orange peels” - wow, the thyme here was very strong and reminiscent of the piney tones of rosemary or fresh oregano. They flavors combine well, the dry astringency of the chocolate and the balsam notes of the herbs. I really didn’t catch the orange in the mix but I didn’t actually miss it.
Violette - “Dark chocolate ganache infused with flowery Violette” - this tasted as lovely as it looked. The violet was not strong or soapy at all, simply fresh and rather reminiscent of berries without the tartness. The flowery feel lasted in my mouth for quite a while and would be a welcome change from coffee-breath.
Pierre Marcolini - “72% cocoa content, combination of beans from the Venezuelan regions Sur de Lago, Carenero and Rio Caraibe” - shockingly buttery and smooth, this one just melted away on my tongue with some gorgeous woodsy notes of oak, black cherry and vanilla. A wonderful way to complete my small box, with a crisp, dry finish.
The quality was wonderful and the packaging spare and elegant. I appreciated that the labels were obvious for most of the candies, so I had no trouble deciphering which was which ... most of the names were printed plainly. The flavor combinations were wonderful though never quite as described as far as I could tell. The whole line felt very masculine, which isn’t a good or bad thing, just something noticed after infused chocolates from quite a few places in NYC.
Pierre Marcolini Chocolatier
Their website, though it contains wonderful photos and info about all the chocolates they offer is painfully slow because they haven’t optimized their images for the web, so consider yourself warned.
Wednesday, April 19, 2006
This little shop down in SoHo on Broome Street is just too cute for words. The first thing I was drawn to when I stepped in the door was a display of tiny metal lunchboxes filled with hot chocolate mixes. I just wanted the lunch box ... the combination of the signature blue and gold was just delicious in and of itself.
I restrained myself from marching up to the counter with my special request and instead looked around at the adorable and imaginative offerings. Almond brittle shaped like cocktail olives (in green and black), little candies shaped like pebbles, dragees (upscale candy coated chocolates) in addition to their super-cute square and imprinted chocolate truffles.
Again I tried to savor the place, so I ducked into the back room where the coffee and chocolate bar was. I ordered up an Aztec Hot Chocolate, American-style ($6), which meant it was made with milk, not water. Not a spiced chocolate, just dark and rich, it was a sizeable cup (and I’d just been to Vosges not two blocks away) with a wonderful no-too-sweet creaminess.
The smoothness can be attributed to something I read on the website: “Maribel’s own divinely decadent recipe contains NO COCOA POWDER but instead is made from the purest Belgian cocoa and most refined sugar.” I wonder if the packets they sell can rival what I drank there, but it’s probably worth a try someday.
Earl Grey Tea - the beautiful squiggly one was buttery and chocolatey but had only the slightest hint of bergamot but a nice dry acidic hit which I’m guessing was from a tea infusion.
Caipirinha - a lighter (milk?) chocolate infusion with a tart bite to it ... honestly, I didn’t even know what the word meant until I looked it up after I ate this one. It’s an alcoholic drink of lime juice, sugar and a spirit called Cacha?a which is distilled sugarcane juice.
Spices - a tasty and slightly sweet blend of dark chocolate and spices felt like buttery cinnamon toast. There was no cruel burn to this spice infused truffle, just a woodsy fragrance.
Lavender - supple and smooth, this had a nicely fragranced tone to it but it was mostly sweet and buttery chocolate.
Mystery - I have no recollection of what this one is, and it’s not shown on the little printed guide that came in the box. It’s dark chocolate on the outside and the center is milk chocolate with a tart overtone without any citrus notes at all. I have no clue. It was nice but lacked enough definition for me to say what it was.
Gianduja - this was not at all what I expected. I figured it would be a sticky milk chocolate like the Caffarel morsels, however, this was based in dark chocolate and thick and buttery. It had a slight nutty grain to it, but that texture was pleasant and the whole thing was suffused with hazelnut goodness. Unlike the Caffarels which demand a glass of water right after eating, this little chocolate demands that you pop another one in your mouth. I only bought one ... wah!
My biggest disappointment came with my purchase of three pates de fruit ... I traveled with them in the same box as the truffles and I’m guessing that the packaging was not airtight enough for them and they were dried out, crunchy rocks when I got them home and took their picture on Saturday (they were purchased and packaged on Thursday). Don’t get me wrong, I still ate them, and they were still flavorful and intense concentrations of fruit, but I was hoping for a repeat of my wonderful experience with the Boule pates.
Overall, they’re exceptionally pretty and wonderfully smooth but the infusions weren’t quite as distinctive as I’d hoped for the price. If you’re looking for something more subtle than Vosges, these might be a good option. The sell via their website. If you’re in SoHo, it’s worth the trip, especially for a little break in their coffee/cocoa bar (where they also have pastries).
POSTED BY Cybele AT 6:41 pm
Meticulously photographed and documented reviews of candy from around the world. And the occasional other sweet adventures. Open your mouth, expand your mind. | <urn:uuid:00079baa-1a3f-4942-8b00-cfa4c65298c8> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 31,670 |
As promised last week, a patch for Killzone 3 as been released post US-launch, and we’ve got some of the details for you below.
The full list of fixes and additions can be found on the game’s official website, but below we’ve got the major gameplay patch details for you.
Guerrilla said that this is just the beginning, as more updates and enhancements are on the way, based on feedback received during open beta.
- Increased the number of melee kills needed to unlock Increased Accuracy
- StA-3 LMG has had its spread increased and overall accuracy lowered
- Lowered the range and recoil of the LS-57 SMG
- Silent Footsteps has been removed as a ribbon and is now an unlockable skill
- Capturing a Capture and Hold area in Operations will award the same amount of points as it does in Warzone – it was previously worth less
- A specific screen has been added to inform players when a Skill has been unlocked
- Medic: The LS-57 SMG replaces their previously equipped StA-11 SMG
- Medic: The M224-1A LMG replaces their previously equipped LS-13 Shotgun
- Engineer: The StA-11 SMG replaces their previously equipped LS-57 SMG
- Tactician: The LS-13 Shotgun replaces their previously equipped M224-1A LMG
- Tactician: Neutralizing and capturing Tactical Spawn Areas now have two different timers, allowing you to neutralize the ownership away from the enemy faction quicker
- Tactician: Spot & Mark has been rebalanced – it will now ‘pulse’ like a sonar for 30 seconds, rather than stay constantly active during its duration
- Infiltrator: Disguise ranges for each rank has been adjusted. At rank 1, any player can see through Disguise when targeting the Infiltrator. At rank 2, a player must be within 30m range. At rank 3, a player must be within 15m range. Additionally, Disguise at rank 2 has had its timer set to ‘indefinite’ and is no longer based on a timer.
- Infiltrator: The sprint speed modifier earned from Survivalist has been decreased
- New online trophies can be unlocked from the Retro Pack DLC
- Kick-voting has been added to online matches
- Experience points earned for completing mission objectives has been increased
Killzone 3 is out Friday in the UK. | <urn:uuid:cb872242-0bde-4093-90a8-7ead73bc6dfb> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 2,171 |
So I have another instrumental piece of pop to share with everyone. This one has lyrics but I don't like the way my vocals sound with it. It basically expresses remorse for a Wet Reckless (reduced DUI) in a roundabout way all while using a 1-5-6-4 progression that avoids total cliché by way of a treble synth playing altered tones and keeping it fresh. [more inside]
7/8 is usually thought of as an aggressive time signature — for the likes of harder jazz, metalcore, and Stravinsky. But here I'm using it in a ballad. The melody playfully bounces and trips over itself in 7/8, blushing and giggling around its crush while trying to be smooth with racing thoughts and too much to say. Still trying to find the right words and vocalist.
A theme for that girl who's hot and she knows it. [more inside]
Millimeters of Mercury is back after the end of finals at USC to present this decidedly retro electropop song that bounces and pounds in B flat major, occasionally straying into harmonic minor and dabbling in diminished chords and flat sevenths. Enjoy. =]
Based on a chopped and sliced sample of a heart beating, in this track Millimeters of Mercury (my "stage name") pulls his shields of extreme Auto-Tune down slightly to let you get a little more close and personal.
an original song. :) ever had a bad break-up? i have. [warning, there's some explicit language toward the end. okay, there's a lot of explicit language at the end. ;)] | <urn:uuid:be9b029b-e8c4-4c73-871a-0e0062abb9ea> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,438 |
Muscle cramps ( For the texts and pictures books, publications, guidelines for example in awmf.org and contributions of colleagues were consulted.) Muscle cramps are paroxysmal, short-lasting painful, involuntary, self-limiting muscle contraction. A muscle cramp concerns: A part of a muscle B whole muscle C Localized muscle group Aetiology: 1paraphysiologic A cramps […]
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Health-Harmony (arithmetical-geometrical) Health-Harmony-Dynamic balance-Proportion (arithmetical-geometrical) The Greek word harmonia αρμoνία means “fitting together” or “joining together. In Pythagorean thought, number gives rise to proportion, and proportion gives rise to harmony. Harmony and justice is the result of good proportion made manifest, and the kosmos itself is a harmony in which all of the parts are […]
Approximately 80-90% of the needed vitamin D in the human organism is synthesized in the skin, and only about 10-20% is obtained from the diet. The duration of the UV exposure, the area of the exposed skin area and the ratio of UVB (280-320 nm) to UVA radiation play a role in the formation of […]
Sun and Sun Protection As heliotherapy is defined the sunlight irradiation for medicinal purposes (physical therapy). infrared radiation: heat effect and the existing particularly in the high mountains and the sea blue to ultraviolet rays have a chemical-biological effect. Applications: tuberculous skin diseases and bone tuberculosis, psoriasis, atopic eczema, lymphomas, inflammatory dermatoses. General effect: increased […]
Cross Allergies- Pollen If someone shows a type I allergic reaction, IgE antibodies are formed. These antibodies recognize specific proteins (epitopes structures) on an allergy source. If these IgE antibodies come in contact with similar epitopes-proteins, a source of contact allergy, can be caused with similar allergic reactions. e.g. when someone […]
( For the texts and pictures books, publications, guidelines for example in awmf.org and contributions of colleagues were consulted.) Through prevention, for example with balanced diet, physical and mental activity, the harmony of each human can be supported. νους_υγιής_εν_σώματι_υγιεί “: healthy mind in a healthy body” Health is a state of complete physical, mental and […]
Preventive medicine can be divided into three stages: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. It is about avoiding, delaying or alleviating chronic diseases or their consequences. While the medical establishment will not operate normally when the disease has already occurred, has preventive medicine aims to prevent active disease. This concept of medicine is the concept of […]
Moles ( For the texts and pictures books, publications, guidelines for example in awmf.org and contributions of colleagues were consulted.) What are moles? Moles area normal expression of the organism that occurs in our skin. It may take the form of flat brown spots or protruding from the skin. Their size ranges from few millimeters […]
Our skin is the largest and heaviest organ in our body. Its surface is 1.5-2 square meters and has a weight of around three kg. On each square centimeter of skin, there are three million cells, ten hair, fifteen sebaceous glands, three blood vessels and twelve nerves. With age the skin and especially the facial skin is wrinkled.
The cause of the idiopathic is a congenital vein wall or connective tissue insufficiency. The blood is transferred to the heart by the muscle pump, against the force of gravity.
The author does not guarantee the topicality, correctness and completeness of the information published on this website. Liability claims against the author are hereby excluded. | <urn:uuid:dc6ad9cb-3ae3-489a-a6df-6b2b3c4c7a90> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 3,859 |
601 CE to 700 CE
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2009-07-13 13:26
A Russian information satellite may have located the remains of the palace in the the ancient Bulgarian capital of Volga-Kama Bolghar. The city existed from the 7th through 13th centuries, until the empire was overthrown by the advance guard of Genghis Khan's army.
Submitted by Milica on Fri, 2009-06-26 08:50
Archaeologists agree that the person buried at Sutton Hoo in East Anglia at the beginning of the 7th century must have been a king, but opinions differ on which king he was. New studies seem to indicate that the ship burial held Raedwald, King of east Anglia and King of the Britains.
Submitted by Milica on Tue, 2009-05-19 10:45
An archaeological team working near Salqin, Syria have discovered a large painting dating to the Byzantine era. The work depicts a large peacock (a symbol of the early church), two pomegranates, a small bird and olive trees. (photo)
Submitted by Ursula on Thu, 2009-04-23 07:50
A discovery of multiple buried dog skeletons in a medieval town outside Budapest suggests that the custom of animal sacrifice was much more widespread in early Christian Hungary than previously thought.
Submitted by Milica on Sun, 2009-04-19 13:12
The remains of a village, dating to late Roman times, have been discovered at the site of a proposed retirement home in Salzburg, Austria. Archaeologists believe it is the "largest find from that period of history in Salzburg to date."
Submitted by Milica on Sun, 2009-03-15 16:49
Archaeologists from Bulgaria and Great Britain are joining efforts to begin research in the area of the lower Danube River, concentrating on the 5th through 7th centuries. The goal of the project is to study "changes in lifestyle and social life in the transitional period from antiquity to the Middle Ages."
Submitted by Milica on Tue, 2009-02-17 19:18
"It was a bit scary at first because we were unsure if it was a murder scene," said metal detectorist Bob white who, with his friend Cliff Smith, recently discovered a 1,500-year-old Saxon burial ground in Sussex, England.
Submitted by William Castille on Thu, 2009-01-01 09:15
Israeli archaeologist Doron Ben-Ami is excited about the discovery of a hoard of 7th century coins found concealed in a Jerusalem wall. The coins, which bear the likeness of Byzantine emperor Heraclius, were most likely hidden to keep them from invading Persians.
Submitted by Milica on Wed, 2008-12-10 11:58
A 1500-year-old "Sleeping Buddha" statue has been found buried in Afghanistan near the site of the tragic destruction of two other statues seven years ago by Taliban extremists. The latest 62-foot long Buddha was found by a French-Afghan team.
Submitted by Milica on Sat, 2008-11-08 09:29
A team of archaeologists from the University of Nottingham are trying to determine if Vikings brought Christianity to Caithness, Scotland before Saint Columba brought the religion to Iona. (video)
Submitted by Milica on Fri, 2008-11-07 13:07
The recent discovery of high-status jewelry buried in an Anglo Saxon grave in East Cleveland, England has experts buzzing. The 7th century artifacts are linked to the Northumbrian Royal family.
Submitted by Milica on Thu, 2008-09-04 12:12
A treasure hunter has found an Anglo Saxon gold cross dating to the 7th century on a farm in Nottinghamshire, England. The cross, set with red gemstones, might have originally held a relic, and is valued at UK£25,000. (photo)
Submitted by Milica on Fri, 2008-08-01 13:15
A 7th century curse inscribed on a tablet has been found by archaeologists working near Limassol, Cyprus. The inscription curses the sexual prowess of men and may be linked to the island's pagan past. PG-13.
Submitted by Milica on Thu, 2008-07-31 13:08
News has rocked Rome that the famous Lupa Capitolina statue, that for centuries has been a powerful symbol of the city, may not be Etruscan in origin but medieval.
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2008-07-14 17:52
Researchers Paul Calamia and Jonas Braasch of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered something interesting about stone pillars from Hindu temples dating to the 7th century: they can be played.
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2008-07-07 07:43
Italian archaeologists have discovered the burial site of a Lombard warrior interred with his horse. The skeletons were found n a park at Testona, near Turin, Italy.
Submitted by Milica on Wed, 2008-06-25 12:53
Archaeologists working at Newtwopothouse, a site near Cork, Ireland, have discovered African beads among the medieval artifacts, showing that the Irish were carrying out trade with North Africa at the time.
Submitted by Milica on Wed, 2008-05-07 11:15
Archaeologists are studying the grave of a 7th century Anglo Saxon woman who might have been a Pagan priestess. By the placement of the grave and the objects within, including a sword and elaborate jewelry, they feel that the woman may have headed a 7th century cult. (photo)
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2008-05-05 19:07
Scientists working in the Bamiyan region of Afghanistan have discovered oil paintings on the walls of caves dating to the 7th centuries, 800 years before the earliest European oil paintings were created. (photos)
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2008-04-21 20:03
Archaeologists have long believed that Anglo Saxon burial customs required elaborate displays, but new evidence points to the use of more common devotions such as combs, razors and other household items.
Submitted by Milica on Mon, 2008-02-11 12:12
England's lost city of Dunwich has become a region of interest for underwater archaeologists who want to explore the medieval city. Britain's "Atlantis" was lost due to coastal erosion and rediscovered in the 1970's.
Submitted by Milica on Wed, 2008-01-09 17:46
Archaeologists working at an Anglo Saxon village in West Stow, near Bury St Edmunds, England have discovered the remains of three 6th century pits. The pits contained a "mysterious black substance."
Submitted by Sabine Berard on Fri, 2007-12-14 14:10
The National Museums of Scotland are launching a new project to shed light on the so-called Dark Ages to educate people about the surprisingly sophisticated cultures of the Picts, Gaels, and Norse.
Submitted by Milica on Sun, 2007-12-09 09:54
Archaeologists are delighted with the discovery of "the only known Anglo-Saxon royal burial site in the North of England" near Loftus on Teesside, where they found some incredible jewelry dating to the mid 7th century.
Submitted by Milica on Wed, 2007-11-21 22:56
Workers on the site of a school in Twyford, England worried when they discovered human remains until it was determined that the skeletons belonged to 1,300-year-old Saxons.
Submitted by Milica on Sun, 2007-08-26 20:09
Archaeologists associated with television's Time Team have unearthed a rare Anglo Saxon settlement near Harborough, England. The village dates from between 450 and 650 C.E.
Submitted by Milica on Sun, 2007-08-26 09:02
A new study of clothing from Anglo Saxon graves by archaeologist Penelope Walton Rogers shows that most styles followed the customs set in northern France.
Submitted by Milica on Sat, 2007-08-11 12:02
A retired civil engineer has written a report on a 6th and 7th century irrigation system in the in Osaka Prefecture. Kazuo Takatsu spent 15 years on the report, which chronicles a system to collect rain water.
Submitted by Milica on Sat, 2007-07-21 09:48
A 1400-year-old glass bowl was discovered in a wooden bucket recently during a broadcast of Channel 4's Time Team. The artifact was found in the new Forest area of Hamshire, England.
Submitted by Milica on Sat, 2007-04-21 18:26
Stacey Spiby, a metal detector enthusiast from Shepshed, England, has found a rare 7th century Anglo Saxon oval pendant worth “in the region of a few thousand pounds.” | <urn:uuid:20692b03-edbc-480c-a8d5-23560d023327> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 7,800 |
- 10 minutes
- 20 minutes
You can never have enough appetizers lying around during the holiday parties. That is why I like to make easy appetizers that I can make more of. I'm all about simplicity. This recipe is a favorite around here! You can never go wrong with anything wrapped in bacon. This meatballs are sweet, moist, savory, and incredible addicting. Make sure to double this recipe, because you'll run out in minutes! Want a healthier version? Try turkey bacon and ground turkey!
Gather your ingredients
Add ground beef, crushed croutons, egg, one tablespoon brown sugar, flour, italian seasoning, black pepper, onion powder, garlic powder, and soy sauce to a large mixing bowl.
Use your hands and combine all ingredients together.
Scoop heaping tablespoons of the meatball mixture.
Roll into fourteen meatballs and place them in a baking dish.
Cut bacon slices in half, wrap each meatball in bacon, and add a toothpick to hold them together.
Sprinkle remaining tablespoon of brown sugar over the top.
Bake for 15-20 minutes at 350 degrees. The center of the meatballs should be brown and the bacon should be glazed and crisp. | <urn:uuid:bddad6ff-3d65-47c0-a8cc-14eef851ad75> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,135 |
The Cost of Coffee: Your Morning Ritual Adds Up!
That expensive coffee or smoothie habit is a sure way to brew a budget shortfall. Learn how to cut costs.
When did coffee stop selling at a buck per cup? And for that matter, when did smoothies become a necessary post-workout ritual? Recently, I’ve become intensely aware of my love of almond-milk lattes (around $4 a cup) and delicious green smoothies. I wonder if there’s a conspiracy to keep me broke, but nicely hydrated.
Calculating the Cost of Coffee
Many avid coffee drinkers have no idea how much they’re paying for their daily caffeine fix. There are a number of ways to save on your morning cup. First, spend some time tracking the cost of coffee, as well as how frequently you stop at your favorite coffee shop. You may find that you’re going once a week, and that that’s perfectly reasonable. But if you discover that you’re going four times a week and spending $8 dollars a trip on coffee and a scone, that adds up to $128 a month and $1,536 a year. Ouch!
You can also do the same with your smoothie habit. You may be shocked by the amount that you’re spending.
How to Save Money on Coffee and Smoothies
Treating a trip to the coffee or smoothie shop as a special treat has helped some avid fans to save money.
By keeping it special, you’ll be able to enjoy your scone and coffee with a complete lack of guilt.
Ask a friend or family member to join you as you enjoy your special treat. Same thing with smoothies. The last time I bought a smoothie, it was almost $10. Yes, I enjoyed it, but I did find myself questioning the price.
Coffee fiends also have an option to find at-home substitutes to save money:
- Coffee grinders: Do you prefer purchasing whole-bean coffee? If yes, then you will also need to purchase a coffee grinder. Coffee grinders typically cost around $15 to $25 for a decent machine. Whole-bean coffee also tends to be a little harder to find and a little more expensive than pre-ground coffee.
- Keurig, anyone? Keurigs and similar machines are an efficient way to make not only coffee, but also specialty drinks and teas. There are a couple of downsides to owning one, though. For starters, it’s not great for the environment because the little cups add up in landfills. Plus, the machine is a lot more expensive than a French press, typically running around $99 for a decent machine. But they do win points for ease of use and for consistency in taste.
Smoothie fans, however, may find themselves totally confused trying to figure out which machine will create the best smoothie. Be warned: I’ve already gone down this road, and it’s ugly. There are so many choices, and making the right one is a bit overwhelming. I’ve settled on a Vitamix. I love that it’s made in the U.S. and makes the smoothest smoothies ever (in my opinion). But that Vitamix comes with serious sticker shock. They typically range in cost between $250 and $550 per machine. Yep, that’s a lot of money.
If you decide to invest in a costly machine or embrace making your drinks from home, consider working a one-time side hustle to cover the cost. Or ask around to see if a friend has a machine that they would like to sell for less than what you’re seeing online. If your friend’s trying to get rid of it, maybe she’ll even give it to you for free!
For regular coffee drinkers and smoothie lovers, making drinks from home can lead to huge savings. It takes a bit of discipline and time, but it certainly takes less than the time you wait in line at a busy Starbucks. And doing so would save you hundreds — if not thousands — of dollars.
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PHILLIPS, Ernest Walter, 91, of Wheeling, passed away on Wednesday, April 24, 2013, at Bishop Joseph H. Hodges Continuous Care Center, Wheeling.
He was born in New Martinsville, WV, May 27, 1921 son of the late Ernest W. Phillips, Sr. and Frances Grimm Phillips.
He was a member of Elks Lodge No. 28 of Wheeling and the Circus Saints and Sinners of Wheeling.
He retired from Sears Roebuck after 43 years of service. He was a WWII Army veteran with the 17th Signal Battalion Corp. He served in all five of the major campaigns including the Normandy Landings.
In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by a brother, Bert Phillips; and two infant children, Dianne Regina Phillips and Gary Ernest Phillips.
Surviving are his wife of 67 years Evelyn Cupp Phillips; a daughter, Donna Lee Schell and her husband, Alfred of Wheeling; three grandchildren, Amy Dianne Schell (Brian), Rachel R. Baxter (Gene), and Kristen Elizabeth Kupsky (Jay) all of Wheeling; five great-grandchildren, Cali Morgan (Logan) Polen, Zachary Wesley Kupsky, Braydon David Kupsky, Bryce Avery Baxter and Alfred Robert "Freddie" Schell-Myers all of Wheeling; a niece, Gail Atkinson and a nephew, Mark Phillips; three loyal friends, Mike Vargo, Nardy Lipscher, and Baird Kloss.
The family would like to thank the entire staff at BHCCC for their kindness, compassion and care of Ernie.
Friends will be received on Monday, April 29, 2013, from 10 a.m. until time of service at noon at the Kepner Funeral Home, 166 Kruger Street, Elm Grove, Wheeling (304-242-2311).
Interment at the convenience of the family at Halcyon Hills Memorial Gardens, Sherrard, WV with full military honors.
In lieu of flowers the family requests memorial contributions to BHCCC Resident Council, Medical Park, Wheeling, WV 26003. | <urn:uuid:85bd5d6f-97e8-44d8-b4c6-32d2234195f0> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,780 |
November 20, 2014
S 83°15′ , O 69°00′
Distance: 120 km
T° : -15°C (windchill: -24°C)
D7 – Report of week 1
We have now been on the ice for one week.
We left Union Glacier on November 14 with a Twin Otter flight to Messner start. There, when the Twin Otter left us, we were alone in the middle of Antarctica and expedition really started.
The first week is no so much about the distance you cover, but rather working on the organization of the day, the tent, the breaks, etc. We progressively increased the hours of ski every day, starting with 4 hours on day 1 and now up to almost 8 hours as from day 6. We will try as much as possible to keep this schedule and will possibly do 9 or 10 hours those days when the weather will be good (that is no too cold and no wind).
We were lucky so far that the weather was rather nice. Down to -34°C on Day 1 with no wind, and then temperature increased to -15°C with a windchill of -25°C due to 10 to 15 m/s wind. The week has been mostly sunny, except for Day 6 which was mostly white out with a very reduced visibility (5 to 10 meters) so that it was not so easy to navigate.
At this stage, the agenda is as follows : wake up at 6.30am to melt water for the days and have breakfast. Put down the tent and start skiing at 9am (4 hours of ski in the morning, then lunch break, then 4 hours of ski in the afternoon, with a 10 minute break after each hour of ski). Back in the tent the evening around 7pm for 2 hours of melting water, diner, blog and then sleep ! And again, and again…
We are very enthusiastic so far about the progress of the expedition and how it is moving forward. As long as the weather conditions are good enough and health as well, then everything is possible.
Lunch break of Day 7 was somehow different as we made an interview for France Bleue with Nicolas Vanier – it was great to discuss with him, especially as he knows very well what we are going through with this expedition. | <urn:uuid:0775b6c1-0285-49e5-b99a-6485d483d205> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,942 |
Sea Point - James RYN Review
Wouldn't agree with previous reviewer regarding spice levels. I got extra hot as in the UK and found it just as comfortable. This restaurant is set on a busy high street in the quite upmarket area of Sea Point (though not as upmarket as Hout Bay and Camps Bay further down the coast if you are looking for something a bit nicer). I found parking easily with one of the wardens on the high street, who was very polite and watched my car for me while I ate.
Restaurant was a quick in-and-out affair with friendly staff and the usual South African Nando's service. This was my first time going for a wrap and it was definitely far better than in the UK. No rationing of breast cubes, but instead stuffed to the brim and oozing with sauce - the way it should be in my opinion! Delicious, though complemented by peri-peri wedges which I didn't find as satisfying as the fries I was used to, despite being noticeably quite spicy (nothing wrong with them though if you prefer wedges to fries).
Decoration was the average South African style with nothing particularly memorable but a clean and well organised service throughout. Staff were friendly and brought me my meal within 10 minutes. As soon as I was done and got up the waiter wished me a good afternoon and was quick to clear my table - good service. | <urn:uuid:47f3fec8-1482-418f-9959-0e60f981ac8e> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,330 |
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He told me that understanding joy beings when we learn that ownership pertains only to things that we can take with us when we leave this world. The rest of what we perceive as ours is only in our stewardship for a time. He explained that many people he had known over the years had spent their lives amassing great wealth, only to die alone. Others, he said, made their fortunes and spent it on toys, trips, and homes all over the world.
He spoke of a few of his friends who understood joy and instead of living lavishly or selfishly, gave their money to build hospitals and soup kitchens, training centers and schools. They funded research institutions to study and rid the world of disease, finding ways to use their money to better the lives and lifestyles of hundreds and sometimes thousands of people. He insisted that everyone, regardless of his station in life or the size of his bank account, could experience this same joy. He promised me that those who truly understand their role as stewards over God’s gifts always have enough for their needs and their money is often returned to them tenfold, inspiring them to give more.
He taught me that is is easier to develop a generous heart when you are young and poor, warning that once a man believes his wealth and position in life are due only to his own efforts, understanding joy becomes much more difficult.
Joy, in all its glory, can only be obtained through unselfishness.
This is not something that the rest of the world understands.
We are taught from a very young age that you must consume to be happy. Bigger homes, bigger bank accounts, nicer cars, and clothes are all on the agenda to become happy.
But we can’t be fooled.
A Steward understands that everything he has can be taken away by the actual owner. | <urn:uuid:101335ae-80d0-4443-8597-86d1fec9df72> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 1,775 |
One hundred years ago Niels Bohr introduced the idea of quantum jumps with his model of the atom. Since then, and in unexpected ways, quantum physics has taken over the world.
Niels Bohr in September 1953
Niels Bohr in September 1953
Seeing the world through a quantum lens brought us some of the most transformative technological innovations of the 20th century: nuclear energy (and bombs), transistors and semiconductors, lasers and all the digital technology used in cell phones and computers, GPS navigation, medical-imaging equipment and so much more. And it's the gift that keeps on giving, with quantum computers and myriad nanotechnology applications looming on the horizon.
All of this innovation started with a small group of people trying to figure out the physics of atoms and of subatomic particles, never dreaming that their discoveries would transform the way we live and how we look at nature.
It's telling that Bohr's model of the atom is kind of crazy. It was a collage of ideas, the fruit of his own amazing intuition as he mixed old and new concepts.
Looking only at the simplest of all atoms, that of hydrogen, Bohr imagined it as a mini solar system, with a proton circled by an electron. Following the physicist's way of doing things, he wanted to explain some of the observed data with the simplest possible model. (This is what we refer to as Ockham's Razor — always try to find the simplest explanation for, if it works, it will tend to be the right one.)
Bohr knew that the atom was not a simple solar system: planets have been going around the sun for billions of years, practically without losing any energy. The electron, instead, would spiral into the nucleus almost immediately, at least according to classical electromagnetism. (The electron, being negatively charged, is attracted to the proton, which is positive. As it circled the proton it would radiate away its energy and fall in.)
To salvage the atom, Bohr had to invent new rules that clashed with classical physics. He bravely put forward his idea, suggesting the implausible: what if the electron could only move in certain orbits, separated in space like the steps of a ladder. The same way that you can't stand between steps, the electron couldn't stay in the space between two orbits. It can only jump from one to another, as we can jump between steps. These are the famous quantum jumps.
And how are these quantum orbits determined? Again, we bow to Bohr's amazing intuition. But first, let's make a foray into angular momentum. (If bored by thinking about physics, skip the next two paragraphs. But I hope you don't!) If electrons circle protons, they have what we call angular momentum, a quantity that measures the intensity (and orientation) of circular motions.
If you tie a rock to a string and spin it, it will have angular momentum. The faster you spin, or the longer the string, or the heavier the rock, the larger its angular momentum. If nothing changes (i.e., spin and length of the rock), angular momentum is conserved. (It never is in everyday life due to friction.) When a whirling ice skater spins up by bringing her stretched arms to her chest she is using her (nearly conserved) angular momentum: shorter arms and more spin gives the same angular momentum as longer arms and slower spin.
Bohr suggested that the electron's angular momentum should be quantized, that is, it could only have certain values, set by the integers (n = 1, 2, 3, ... ). If L is the electron's orbital angular momentum, Bohr's formula reads, L = n (h/2π), where h is the famous Planck constant.
The constant is, of course, named after Max Planck, the physicist who in 1900 realized that every energy exchange between atoms and light occurs in chunks. So, Planck planted the seed of the quantum jump idea in physics.
But back to Bohr, a quantized angular momentum meant that the electron's orbits were quantized, or separated in space. The electron could go from one to the other by jumping either down and closer to the proton, or moving up and farther away.
Bohr's brilliant insight was to mix concepts from classical physics with the brand new quantum physics, creating a hybrid model of the atom.
In the process, Bohr also solved an age-old mystery in physics: what determines the colors (emission spectrum) a chemical element emits when it's heated up?
The strong yellow in sodium lamps is a familiar example of the dominant color in an emission spectrum. It turns out that each chemical element has its very own spectrum, characterized by a distinctive set of colors. They are an element's spectral fingerprints. Spectra were known throughout the 19th century, but no one knew why they existed.
Bohr suggested that when an electron jumps between orbits, it either emits or absorbs a chunk of light. These chunks of light are called photons, Albert Einstein's key contribution to quantum physics. (There were many others, but this was the one that gave him his Nobel and that he considered his most revolutionary, even more than relativity. It's the notion that light can be thought of as being either a wave or particles.)
The emission spectrum of an element consisted of the photons (or radiation) electrons gave off when they jumped from higher orbits to lower ones. The photons carried away the angular momentum the electron lost as it jumped down. Bohr suggested that the energy of the photons matched the energy difference between the two orbits.
And why do different elements have different emission spectra? Since each atom has a certain number of protons in its nucleus, its electrons are attracted with different intensity; each allowed orbit will have its specific energy. When the electron jumps, the photon emitted will have that precise energy and no other. Back to the ladder analogy, it is as if each chemical element has its own ladder with steps at different distances from one another. With this, Bohr explained the emission spectrum of hydrogen, a triumph of his hybrid model.
Even if incomplete, Bohr's theory captured the essence of the bizarre quantum behavior of atoms: their quantized orbits and the dance between matter and light. That quantum physics still surprises and puzzles us shows that a century after Bohr's atom we are only beginning to unveil what really goes on in the world of the very small.
You can keep up with more of what Marcelo is thinking on Facebook and Twitter: @mgleiser | <urn:uuid:b96fb43a-e860-4df6-955c-5c2962446ae5> | HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus/tree/main/fineweb-edu-dedup | smollm-corpus | eng_Latn | 6,414 |
Your opinion matters to us. It will help shape the EES contribution to the deliberations that will culminate in the official launch of the Global Evaluation Agenda in Kathmandu (Nepal) in November 2015. Preliminary priorities identified through the EvalYear process so far are listed below.
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Riitta Oksanen's blog | <urn:uuid:43985fae-86ac-4f11-9f61-6831917db35c> | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb/tree/main/sample/350BT | fineweb | eng_Latn | 325 |
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