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train_1461 | Adaptive multiresolution approach for solution of hyperbolic PDEs | This paper establishes an innovative and efficient multiresolution adaptive approach combined with high-resolution methods, for the numerical solution of a single or a system of partial differential equations. The proposed methodology is unconditionally bounded (even for hyperbolic equations) and dynamically adapts the... | unconditionally bounded methodology;cost effectiveness;robustness;numerical solution;dynamic grid adaptation;strong gradients;accuracy;high-resolution methods;spatial resolution;stability;hyperbolic partial differential equations;multiresolution adaptive approach | |
train_1462 | Non-linear analysis of nearly saturated porous media: theoretical and numerical | formulation A formulation for a porous medium saturated with a compressible fluid undergoing large elastic and plastic deformations is presented. A consistent thermodynamic formulation is proposed for the two-phase mixture problem; thus preserving a straightforward and robust numerical scheme. A novel feature is the sp... | dissipative darcy flow;fluid pressure response;robust numerical scheme;kinematically linear theory;nonlinear analysis;large plastic deformations;consistent thermodynamic formulation;compressible fluid;large elastic deformations;fluid compressibility;fluid pressure;solid skeleton;volumetric logarithmic strain;predictive... | |
train_1463 | Computational complexity of probabilistic disambiguation | Recent models of natural language processing employ statistical reasoning for dealing with the ambiguity of formal grammars. In this approach, statistics, concerning the various linguistic phenomena of interest, are gathered from actual linguistic data and used to estimate the probabilities of the various entities that... | formal grammars;np-completeness results;probabilistic disambiguation;speech processing;statistics;state ambiguity resolution;constrained optimization formula;natural language processing;computational complexity;parsing problems;statistical reasoning;language understanding;probabilistic models | |
train_1464 | LR parsing for conjunctive grammars | The generalized LR parsing algorithm for context-free grammars, introduced by Tomita in 1986, is a polynomial-time implementation of nondeterministic LR parsing that uses graph-structured stack to represent the contents of the nondeterministic parser's pushdown for all possible branches of computation at a single compu... | graph-structured stack;computation;trivial automaton;generalized lr parsing algorithm;single reachable state;computational linguistics;boolean closure;deterministic context-free languages;context-free grammars;explicit intersection operation;natural language processing;grammar rules;nondeterministic parser pushdown;con... | |
train_1465 | P systems with symport/antiport rules: the traces of objects | We continue the study of those P systems where the computation is performed by the communication of objects, that is, systems with symport and antiport rules. Instead of the (number of) objects collected in a specified membrane, as the result of a computation we consider the itineraries of a certain object through memb... | symport rules;object traces;halting computation;recursively enumerable languages;antiport rules;chomsky hierarchy;label string coding;object communication;languages;p systems;itineraries | |
train_1466 | Feldkamp-type image reconstruction from equiangular data | The cone-beam approach for image reconstruction attracts increasing attention in various applications, especially medical imaging. Previously, the traditional practical cone-beam reconstruction method, the Feldkamp algorithm, was generalized into the case of spiral/helical scanning loci with equispatial cone-beam proje... | equiangular data;equispatial cone-beam projection data;feldkamp-type image reconstruction;equiangular cone-beam projection data;medical multi-slice/cone-beam ct scanners;generalized feldkamp algorithm;practical cone-beam reconstruction method;medical imaging;image quality;cone-beam approach;spiral/helical scanning loci... | |
train_1467 | Utilizing Web-based case studies for cutting-edge information services issues | This article reports on a pilot study conducted by the Academic Libraries of the 21st Century project team to determine whether the benefits of the case study method as a training framework for change initiatives could successfully transfer from the traditional face-to-face format to a virtual format. Methods of develo... | web-based case studies;professional development;internet;academic libraries;training;collaborative problem solving;survey;cutting-edge information services;virtual environment;change initiatives | |
train_1468 | Developing Web-enhanced learning for information fluency-a liberal arts | college's perspective Learning is likely to take a new form in the twenty-first century, and a transformation is already in process. Under the framework of information fluency, efforts are being made at Rollins College to develop a Web-enhanced course that encompasses information literacy, basic computer literacy, and ... | integrated library teaching;computer-based education;online learning;critical thinking skills;librarians;liberal arts college;information fluency;information literacy;web-enhanced learning;computer literacy | |
train_1469 | The necessity of real-time-fact and fiction in digital reference systems | Current discussions and trends in digital reference have emphasized the use of real-time digital reference services. Recent articles have questioned both the utility and use of asynchronous services such as e-mail. This article uses data from the AskERIC digital reference service to demonstrate that asynchronous servic... | e-mail;asynchronous services;digital library;real-time digital reference services;askeric;personalized internet-based service | |
train_147 | Embedded Linux and the law | The rising popularity of Linux, combined with perceived cost savings, has spurred many embedded developers to consider a real-time Linux variant as an alternative to a traditional RTOS. The paper presents the legal implications for the proprietary parts of firmware | embedded linux;real-time linux;proprietary firmware;legal implications | |
train_1470 | When reference works are not books-the new edition of the Guide to Reference | Books The author considers the history of the Guide to Reference Books (GRB) and its importance in librarianship. He discusses the ways in which the new edition is taking advantage of changing times. GRB has become a cornerstone of the literature of U.S. librarianship. The biggest change GRB will undergo to become GRS ... | guide to reference books;internet;guide to reference sources;reference works;web product;grs;librarianship;history;grb | |
train_1471 | E-commerce-resources for doing business on the Internet | There are many different types of e-commerce depending upon who or what is selling and who or what is buying. In addition, e-commerce is more than an exchange of funds and goods or services, it encompasses an entire infrastructure of services, computer hardware and software products, technologies, and communications fo... | internet;information resources;terminology;business;books;web sites;e-commerce | |
train_1472 | Surface textures improve the robustness of stereoscopic depth cues | This research develops design recommendations for surface textures (patterns of color on object surfaces) rendered with stereoscopic displays. In 3 method-of-adjustment procedure experiments, 8 participants matched the disparity of a circular probe and a planar stimulus rendered using a single visible edge. The experim... | object rendering;stereoscopic displays;vertical line patterns;stimulus orientation;robustness;depth perception;planar stimulus disparity;orientation sensitivity reduction;single visible edge;stereoscopic depth cues;horizontal-striped texture patterns;surface texture;surface textures;pixel-to-pixel luminance variations;... | |
train_1473 | Control performance with three translational degrees of freedom | For multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) systems, it is important to determine how accurately operators can control each DOF and what influence perceptual, information processing, and psychomotor components have on performance. Sixteen right-handed male students participated in 2 experiments: 1 involving positioning and 1 ... | virtual reality;multi-dof systems;depth dimension error correction;perceptual effects;initial error correction;remote control;tracking;positioning;interface design;control performance;psychomotor effects | |
train_1474 | Contrast sensitivity in a dynamic environment: effects of target conditions and | visual impairment Contrast sensitivity was determined as a function of target velocity (0 degrees -120 degrees /s) over a variety of viewing conditions. In Experiment 1, measurements of dynamic contrast sensitivity were determined for observers as a function of target velocity for letter stimuli. Significant main effec... | disease;acuity scores;target size;dynamic environment;target velocity;dynamic contrast sensitivity;target conditions;target duration;aging;contrast sensitivity;visual impairment | |
train_1475 | Relation between glare and driving performance | The present study investigated the effects of discomfort glare on driving behavior. Participants (old and young; US and Europeans) were exposed to a simulated low- beam light source mounted on the hood of an instrumented vehicle. Participants drove at night in actual traffic along a track consisting of urban, rural, an... | glare;urban road;road traffic;simulated low-beam light source;highway;deboer rating scale;driving performance;discomfort glare;rural road | |
train_1476 | The perceived utility of human and automated aids in a visual detection task | Although increases in the use of automation have occurred across society, research has found that human operators often underutilize (disuse) and overly rely on (misuse) automated aids (Parasuraman-Riley (1997)). Nearly 275 Cameron University students participated in 1 of 3 experiments performed to examine the effects ... | automated decision aids;visual detection task;automated aids;automation;human operators;social process | |
train_1477 | Ecological interface design: progress and challenges | Ecological interface design (EID) is a theoretical framework for designing human-computer interfaces for complex socio-technical systems. Its primary aim is to support knowledge workers in adapting to change and novelty. This literature review shows that in situations requiring problem solving, EID improves performance... | human-computer interfaces;productivity;industry;user interface;complex social technical systems;ecological interface design;human factors | |
train_1478 | The effects of work pace on within-participant and between-participant keying | force, electromyography, and fatigue A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of work pace on typing force, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and subjective discomfort. We found that as participants typed faster, their typing force and finger flexor and extensor EMG activity increased linearly. There w... | discomfort;keying force;skill training;muscle recruitment patterns;work pace effect;emg activity;typing speed;subjective discomfort;finger flexor;typists | |
train_1479 | Agreeing with automated diagnostic aids: a study of users' concurrence | strategies Automated diagnostic aids that are less than perfectly reliable often produce unwarranted levels of disuse by operators. In the present study, users' tendencies to either agree or disagree with automated diagnostic aids were examined under conditions in which: (1) the aids were less than perfectly reliable b... | fault diagnosis;probability-matching;disagreement rates;problem-solving;user concurrence strategy;maximization;complex systems;automated diagnostic aids;reliability | |
train_148 | Axioms for branching time | Logics of general branching time, or historical necessity, have long been studied but important axiomatization questions remain open. Here the difficulties of finding axioms for such logics are considered and ideas for solving some of the main open problems are presented. A new, more expressive logical account is also ... | axioms;branching time;truth values;temporal logic | |
train_1480 | Formal verification of human-automation interaction | This paper discusses a formal and rigorous approach to the analysis of operator interaction with machines. It addresses the acute problem of detecting design errors in human-machine interaction and focuses on verifying the correctness of the interaction in complex and automated control systems. The paper describes a sy... | formal verification;autopilot;human-automation interaction;automated control systems;commercial aircraft;user interface;man-machine interaction | |
train_1481 | Impact of aviation highway-in-the-sky displays on pilot situation awareness | Thirty-six pilots (31 men, 5 women) were tested in a flight simulator on their ability to intercept a pathway depicted on a highway-in-the-sky (HITS) display. While intercepting and flying the pathway, pilots were required to watch for traffic outside the cockpit. Additionally, pilots were tested on their awareness of ... | aircraft display;flight guidance;situation awareness;pilots;cockpit;highway-in-the-sky display;flight simulator;flight path awareness;human factors | |
train_1482 | A parareal in time procedure for the control of partial differential equations | We have proposed in a previous note a time discretization for partial differential evolution equation that allows for parallel implementations. This scheme is here reinterpreted as a preconditioning procedure on an algebraic setting of the time discretization. This allows for extending the parallel methodology to the p... | optimal control;hilbert space;evolution equation;algebraic setting;time procedure;preconditioning procedure;partial differential equation control;time discretization | |
train_1483 | Hypothesis-based concept assignment in software maintenance | Software maintenance accounts for a significant proportion of the lifetime cost of a software system. Software comprehension is required in many parts of the maintenance process and is one of the most expensive activities. Many tools have been developed to help the maintainer reduce the time and cost of this task, but ... | cobol ii;lifetime cost;software maintenance;scalability;hypothesis-based concept assignment | |
train_1484 | Portfolio optimization and the random magnet problem | Diversification of an investment into independently fluctuating assets reduces its risk. In reality, movements of assets are mutually correlated and therefore knowledge of cross-correlations among asset price movements are of great importance. Our results support the possibility that the problem of finding an investmen... | minimum risk level;spin glasses;price movements;portfolio optimization;invested funds;investment;random magnet problem;magnetization;cross-correlation matrix;cross-correlations;fluctuating assets;stocks | |
train_1485 | Telemedicine in the management of a cervical dislocation by a mobile | neurosurgeon Neurosurgical teams, who are normally located in specialist centres, frequently use teleradiology to make a decision about the transfer of a patient to the nearest neurosurgical department. This decision depends on the type of pathology, the clinical status of the patient and the prognosis. If the transfer... | remote french military airborne surgical unit;republic of chad;telemedicine;unstable cervical trauma;health care;teleradiology;surgery;french military personnel;mobile neurosurgeon;civilian patient;cervical dislocation management | |
train_1486 | Hand-held digital video-camera for eye examination and follow-up | We developed a hand-held digital colour video-camera for eye examination in primary care. The device weighed 550 g. It featured a charge-coupled device (CCD) and corrective optics. Both colour video and digital still images could be taken. The video-camera was connected to a PC with software for database storage, image... | normal subjects;digital still images;tele-ophthalmology;image processing;hand-held digital colour video camera;charge-coupled device;image quality;pc;database storage;software;optic disc;corrective optics;whole face;ocular fundus;eye examination;anterior eye;primary care;colour video images;follow-up;telecommunication;... | |
train_1487 | Assessment of prehospital chest pain using telecardiology | Two hundred general practitioners were equipped with a portable electrocardiograph which could transmit a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) via a telephone line. A cardiologist was available 24 h a day for an interactive teleconsultation. In a 13 month period there were 5073 calls to the telecardiology service and 952 su... | primary care;hospital emergency department;13 month;diagnostic accuracy;portable electrocardiograph;telephone line;diagnostic tests;prehospital chest pain assessment;specificity;patients;general practitioners;electrocardiogram transmission;sensitivity;telecardiology;interactive teleconsultation | |
train_1488 | Social presence in telemedicine | We studied consultations between a doctor, emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) and their patients in a minor accident and treatment service (MATS). In the conventional consultations, all three people were located at the main hospital. In the teleconsultations, the doctor was located in a hospital 6 km away from the MA... | telemedicine;turn taking;384 kbit/s;doctor-nurse communication;951 s;doctor;social presence;teleconsultations;minor accident and treatment service;interruptions;belief coordination;emergency nurse practitioners;backchannels;face-to-face consultations;247 s;patients;videoconferencing link;words;patient-nurse communicati... | |
train_1489 | An eight-year study of Internet-based remote medical counselling | We carried out a prospective study of an Internet-based remote counselling service. A total of 15,456 Internet users visited the Web site over eight years. From these, 1500 users were randomly selected for analysis. Medical counselling had been granted to 901 of the people requesting it (60%). One hundred and sixty-fou... | email;urban areas;web site;telemedicine;portal;remote rural areas;internet-based remote medical counselling;surgical issues;internet users;medical education | |
train_149 | Extending Kamp's theorem to model time granularity | In this paper, a generalization of Kamp's theorem relative to the functional completeness of the until operator is proved. Such a generalization consists in showing the functional completeness of more expressive temporal operators with respect to the extension of the first-order theory of linear orders MFO[<] with an e... | functional completeness;linear orders;temporal operators;omega -layered temporal structures;first-order theory;kamp's theorem;model time granularity;until operator;binary relational symbol | |
train_1490 | Client satisfaction in a feasibility study comparing face-to-face interviews | with telepsychiatry We carried out a pilot study comparing satisfaction levels between psychiatric patients seen face to face (FTF) and those seen via videoconference. Patients who consented were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received services in person (FTF from the visiting psychiatrist) while the... | videoconference;telemedicine;psychiatric patient satisfaction;telepsychiatry;client satisfaction;128 kbit/s;client satisfaction questionnaire;human factors;face-to-face interviews | |
train_1491 | Evaluation of videoconferenced grand rounds | We evaluated various aspects of grand rounds videoconferenced from a tertiary care hospital to a regional hospital in Nova Scotia. During a five-month study period, 29 rounds were broadcast (19 in medicine and 10 in cardiology). The total recorded attendance at the remote site was 103, comprising 70 specialists, nine f... | tertiary care hospital;telemedicine;health-care professionals;remote sites;regional hospital;certification;five-point likert scale;cardiology;videoconferenced grand rounds;continuing medical education | |
train_1492 | A systematic review of the efficacy of telemedicine for making diagnostic and | management decisions We conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the efficacy of telemedicine for making diagnostic and management decisions in three classes of application: office/hospital-based, store-and-forward, and home-based telemedicine. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and HealthSTAR d... | telemedicine;ophthalmology;embase;psychiatry;healthstar;cinahl;dermatology;management decision making;literature review;cardiology;medical diagnosis;medline | |
train_1493 | Research into telehealth applications in speech-language pathology | A literature review was conducted to investigate the extent to which telehealth has been researched within the domain of speech-language pathology and the outcomes of this research. A total of 13 studies were identified. Three early studies demonstrated that telehealth was feasible, although there was no discussion of ... | patient outcomes;telemedicine;cost-benefit analysis;cost-effectiveness;communication disorders;speech-language pathology;literature review;patient satisfaction;telehealth applications | |
train_1494 | Where have all the PC makers gone? | PC makers are dwindling. If you are planning to make a PC purchase soon, here are a few things to look out for before you buy | pc makers;pc purchase | |
train_1495 | Laptops zip to 2 GHz-plus | Intel's Pentium 4-M processor has reached the coveted 2-GHz mark, and speed-hungry mobile users will be tempted to buy a laptop with the chip. However, while our exclusive tests found 2-GHz P4-M notebooks among the fastest units we've tested, the new models failed to make dramatic gains compared with those based on Int... | intel pentium 4-m processor;notebooks;mobile;laptop;2 ghz | |
train_1496 | Web ad explosion | Financed by advertising dollars from big names, online marketers are embracing more aggressive tactics | web advertising;online marketers | |
train_1497 | Research challenges and perspectives of the Semantic Web | Accessing documents and services on today's Web requires human intelligence. The interface to these documents and services is the Web page, written in natural language, which humans must understand and act upon. The paper discusses the Semantic Web which will augment the current Web with formalized knowledge and data t... | internet;web page;formalized knowledge;artificial intelligence;document access;natural language;semantic web | |
train_1498 | John McCarthy: father of AI | If John McCarthy, the father of AI, were to coin a new phrase for "artificial intelligence" today, he would probably use "computational intelligence." McCarthy is not just the father of AI, he is also the inventor of the Lisp (list processing) language. The author considers McCarthy's conception of Lisp and discusses M... | situation calculus;free will;father of ai;artificial intelligence;john mccarthy;elaboration tolerance;lisp;computational intelligence;list processing;creativity | |
train_1499 | A digital-driving system for smart vehicles | In the wake of the computer and information technology revolutions, vehicles are undergoing dramatic changes in their capabilities and how they interact with drivers. Although some vehicles can decide to either generate warnings for the human driver or control the vehicle autonomously, they must usually make these deci... | maneuvers;human-centered smart vehicles;intelligence;in-vehicle information systems;intelligent road traffic information network;intelligent transportation systems;digital driving system;ecological driver-vehicle interface;intelligent driver-vehicle interface;vehicle control;traffic avoidance;lane following;lane changi... | |
train_15 | Optimal and safe ship control as a multi-step matrix game | The paper describes the process of the safe ship control in a collision situation using a differential game model with j participants. As an approximated model of the manoeuvring process, a model of a multi-step matrix game is adopted here. RISKTRAJ computer program is designed in the Matlab language in order to determ... | optimal control;differential game;ship control;trajectory tracking;multistep matrix game;online navigation;risktraj computer program;decision support system;collision avoidance | |
train_150 | Model checking games for branching time logics | This paper defines and examines model checking games for the branching time temporal logic CTL*. The games employ a technique called focus which enriches sets by picking out one distinguished element. This is necessary to avoid ambiguities in the regeneration of temporal operators. The correctness of these games is pro... | temporal operators;complexity bounds;branching time logics;temporal logic;model checking games | |
train_1500 | DAML+OIL: an ontology language for the Semantic Web | By all measures, the Web is enormous and growing at a staggering rate, which has made it increasingly difficult-and important-for both people and programs to have quick and accurate access to Web information and services. The Semantic Web offers a solution, capturing and exploiting the meaning of terms to transform the... | daml+oil;darpa agent markup language;ontology web language;wine knowledge base;semantic web;syntax | |
train_1501 | Computational challenges in cell simulation: a software engineering approach | Molecular biology's advent in the 20th century has exponentially increased our knowledge about the inner workings of life. We have dozens of completed genomes and an array of high-throughput methods to characterize gene encodings and gene product operation. The question now is how we will assemble the various pieces. I... | e-cell project;whole-cell-scale modeling;cell simulation;object-oriented design;molecular biology;software engineering | |
train_1502 | Mining open answers in questionnaire data | Surveys are important tools for marketing and for managing customer relationships; the answers to open-ended questions, in particular, often contain valuable information and provide an important basis for business decisions. The summaries that human analysts make of these open answers, however, tend to rely too much on... | text mining system;open answer mining;rule analysis;correspondence analysis;survey analysis;statistical learning techniques;questionnaire data;natural language response analysis | |
train_1503 | Neural networks for web content filtering | With the proliferation of harmful Internet content such as pornography, violence, and hate messages, effective content-filtering systems are essential. Many Web-filtering systems are commercially available, and potential users can download trial versions from the Internet. However, the techniques these systems use are ... | violence;harmful web content;learning capabilities;web page classification;artificial neural networks;pornographic/nonpornographic web page differentiation;intelligent classification engine;web content filtering | |
train_1504 | Designing human-centered distributed information systems | Many computer systems are designed according to engineering and technology principles and are typically difficult to learn and use. The fields of human-computer interaction, interface design, and human factors have made significant contributions to ease of use and are primarily concerned with the interfaces between sys... | human-centered distributed information systems design;human-computer interaction;nasa johnson space center;multiple analysis levels;electronic medical records systems;human-centered intelligent flight surgeon console;distributed cognition;interface design;artificial agents;human agents;human factors;human-centered comp... | |
train_1505 | Modeling and simulating practices, a work method for work systems design | Work systems involve people engaging in activities over time-not just with each other, but also with machines, tools, documents, and other artifacts. These activities often produce goods, services, or-as is the case in the work system described in this article-scientific data. Work systems and work practice evolve slow... | communication;teamwork;problem solving;learning behavior;work practice simulation;complex system interactions;tool usage;work practice modeling;work system design method;workspace usage;collaboration;human activity | |
train_1506 | Intelligent control of life support for space missions | Future manned space operations will include a greater use of automation than we currently see. For example, semiautonomous robots and software agents will perform difficult tasks while operating unattended most of the time. As these automated agents become more prevalent, human contact with them will occur more often a... | semiautonomous control software;life support;nasa johnson space center;human intervention;space missions;automation;automated agents;semiautonomous robots;crew water recovery;manned space operations;intelligent control;software agents;crew air regeneration | |
train_1507 | Ethnography, customers, and negotiated interactions at the airport | In the late 1990s, tightly coordinated airline schedules unraveled owing to massive delays resulting from inclement weather, overbooked flights, and airline operational difficulties. As schedules slipped, the delayed departures and late arrivals led to systemwide breakdowns, customers missed their connections, and airl... | airline delays;employees;operations reliability;negotiated interactions;airports;human-centered computing model;customer trajectories;customer-as-participant view;ethnography;airline production system operations model | |
train_1508 | Rats, robots, and rescue | In early May, media inquiries started arriving at my office at the Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue (www.crasar.org). Because I'm CRASAR's director, I thought the press was calling to follow up on the recent humanitarian award given to the center's founder, John Blitch, for successfully using small, backpack... | biological sensor;guided rat;mobile robot;robot-assisted search and rescue | |
train_1509 | Mathematical modelling of the work of the system of wells in a layer with the | exponential law of permeability variation and the mobile liquid interface We construct and study a two-dimensional model of the work of the system of wells in a layer with the mobile boundary between liquids of various viscosity. We use a 'plunger' displacement model of liquids. The boundaries of the filtration region ... | exponential law;lyapunov class curves;mathematical modelling;mobile boundary;permeability variation;2d model;plunger displacement model;numerical solution;viscosity;inhomogeneous layer;convergence;filtration region boundaries;well system;work;mobile liquid interface | |
train_151 | Extending CTL with actions and real time | In this paper, we present the logic ATCTL, which is intended to be used for model checking models that have been specified in a lightweight version of the Unified Modelling Language (UML). Elsewhere, we have defined a formal semantics for LUML to describe the models. This paper's goal is to give a specification languag... | model checking models;real time logic;specification language;formal semantics;logic atctl;unified modelling language;actions;computation tree logic;kronos model checker | |
train_1510 | Estimation of the gradient of the solution of an adjoint diffusion equation by | the Monte Carlo method For the case of isotropic diffusion we consider the representation of the weighted concentration of trajectories and its space derivatives in the form of integrals (with some weights) of the solution to the corresponding boundary value problem and its directional derivative of a convective veloci... | random walk by spheres and balls algorithm;weighted trajectory concentration;closely-spaced diffusion trajectories;directional derivative;weight;diffusion trajectories;monte carlo method;adjoint diffusion equation;gradient estimation;space derivatives;euler scheme;domain boundary;statistically equivalent transition;dir... | |
train_1511 | Efficient algorithms for stiff elliptic problems with large parameters | We consider a finite element approximation and iteration algorithms for solving stiff elliptic boundary value problems with large parameters in front of a higher derivative. The convergence rate of the algorithms is independent of the spread in coefficients and a discretization parameter | higher derivative;large parameters;stiff elliptic boundary value problems;convergence rate;finite element approximation;iteration algorithms;efficient algorithms | |
train_1512 | Mathematical aspects of computer-aided share trading | We consider problems of statistical analysis of share prices and propose probabilistic characteristics to describe the price series. We discuss three methods of mathematical modelling of price series with given probabilistic characteristics | mathematical modelling;probabilistic characteristics;computer-aided share trading;share price;statistical analysis;price series | |
train_1513 | Solution of the reconstruction problem of a source function in the | coagulation-fragmentation equation We study the problem of reconstructing a source function in the kinetic coagulation-fragmentation equation. The study is based on optimal control methods, the solvability theory of operator equations, and the use of iteration algorithms | solvability;kinetic coagulation-fragmentation equation;optimal control methods;operator equations;iteration algorithms;source function reconstruction | |
train_1514 | Universal parametrization in constructing smoothly-connected B-spline surfaces | In this paper, we explore the feasibility of universal parametrization in generating B-spline surfaces, which was proposed recently in the literature (Lim, 1999). We present an interesting property of the new parametrization that it guarantees Go continuity on B-spline surfaces when several independently constructed pa... | universal parametrization;overlapping control nets;smoothly-connected b-spline surface generation;c/sup n-1/ surfaces;patches;semi-localness property;patchwork blending method;surface data points;g/sup 0/ continuity | |
train_1515 | p-Bezier curves, spirals, and sectrix curves | We elucidate the connection between Bezier curves in polar coordinates, also called p-Bezier or focal Bezier curves, and certain families of spirals and sectrix curves. p-Bezier curves are the analogue in polar coordinates of nonparametric Bezier curves in Cartesian coordinates. Such curves form a subset of rational Be... | sectrix curves;rational bezier curves;particle trajectories;epi spirals;cubic;polar angle;central fields;angle division;equal spans;focal bezier curves;spirals;polar coordinates;arachnidas;geometry;radial directions;sinusoidal spirals;p-bezier curves;control points;trisectrix | |
train_1516 | Using duality to implicitize and find cusps and inflection points of Bezier | curves A planar algebraic curve C has an implicit equation and a tangential equation. The tangential equation defines a dual curve to C. Starting with a parametrization of C, we find a parametrization of the dual curve, and the tangential equation and implicit equation of C in a novel way. We also find equations whose ... | bezier curves;planar algebraic curve;inflection points;envelope theory;cusps;tangential equation;parametrization;polar reciprocation;implicit equation;dual curve | |
train_1517 | Minimizing blossoms under symmetric linear constraints | In this paper, we show that there exists a close dependence between the control polygon of a polynomial and the minimum of its blossom under symmetric linear constraints. We consider a given minimization problem P, for which a unique solution will be a point delta on the Bezier curve. For the minimization function f, t... | concavity;critical point;elementary symmetric polynomials;symmetric linear constraints;bezier curve;polynomial;geometrical interpretation;inequalities;polya frequency-control polygon;control polygon;blossom minimization | |
train_1518 | Explicit matrix representation for NURBS curves and surfaces | The matrix forms for curves and surfaces were largely promoted in CAD/CAM. In this paper we have presented two matrix representation formulations for arbitrary degree NURBS curves and surfaces explicitly other than recursively. The two approaches are derived from the computation of divided difference and the Marsden id... | b-spline;nurbs curves;nonuniform b-spline functions;bezier curves;equally spaced knot;explicit polynomial forms;explicit coefficient matrix;explicit matrix forms;nurbs surfaces;coefficient matrix formulae;cad/cam;bezier surfaces;explicit matrix representation;coefficient formulae;marsden identity;matrix representation ... | |
train_1519 | Structural invariance of spatial Pythagorean hodographs | The structural invariance of the four-polynomial characterization for three-dimensional Pythagorean hodographs introduced by Dietz et al. (1993), under arbitrary spatial rotations, is demonstrated. The proof relies on a factored-quaternion representation for Pythagorean hodographs in three-dimensional Euclidean space-a... | ph representation map;ball-end mill;structural invariance;arbitrary spatial rotations;3d pythagorean hodographs;cad/cam;real-time ph curve cnc interpolators;spatial pythagorean hodographs;free-form surfaces;unit quaternion description;spatial rotations;factored quaternion representation;four-polynomial characterization... | |
train_152 | Linear tense logics of increasing sets | We provide an extension of the language of linear tense logic with future and past connectives F and P, respectively, by a modality that quantifies over the points of some set which is assumed to increase in the course of time. In this way we obtain a general framework for modelling growth qualitatively. We develop an ... | temporal reasoning;completeness;future and past connectives;decreasing sets;decidability;logical system;linear tense logic | |
train_1520 | Uniform hyperbolic polynomial B-spline curves | This paper presents a new kind of uniform splines, called hyperbolic polynomial B-splines, generated over the space Omega =span{sinh t, cosh t, t/sup k-3/, t/sup k-3/, t/sup k-4/, ..., t 1} in which k is an arbitrary integer larger than or equal to 3. Hyperbolic polynomial B-splines share most of the properties of B-sp... | uniform hyperbolic polynomial b-spline curves;catenary cylinder;arbitrary integer;subdivisions;tensor product surface generation;subdivision formulae;saddle surface;freeform curves;ruled surface;catenary;control polygons;hyperbola | |
train_1521 | Optimal multi-degree reduction of Bezier curves with constraints of endpoints | continuity Given a Bezier curve of degree n, the problem of optimal multi-degree reduction (degree reduction of more than one degree) by a Bezier curve of degree m (m<n-1) with constraints of endpoint continuity is investigated. With respect to L/sub 2/ norm, this paper presents an approximate method (MDR by L/sub 2/) ... | bezier curves;uniform approximation;endpoint continuity constraints;optimal multi-degree reduction;endpoint interpolation;explicit approximate error analysis;least squares approximation;approximate method;explicit solution | |
train_1522 | Waltzing through Port 80 [Web security] | Web services follow the trusting model of the Internet, but allow ever more powerful payloads to travel between businesses and consumers. Before you leap online, the author advises to scan the security concerns and the available fixes. He looks at how we define and store Web services and incorporate them into business ... | internet;trust;data security;business processes;web services | |
train_1523 | Process specialization: defining specialization for state diagrams | A precise definition of specialization and inheritance promises to be as useful in organizational process modeling as it is in object modeling. It would help us better understand, maintain, reuse, and generate process models. However, even though object-oriented analysis and design methodologies take full advantage of ... | inheritance;object-oriented analysis;state diagrams;organizational process modeling;object specialization hierarchy;process representation;object-oriented design;process specialization | |
train_1524 | Organizational design, information transfer, and the acquisition of | rent-producing resources Within the resource-based view of the firm, a dynamic story has emerged in which the knowledge accumulated over the history of a firm and embedded in organizational routines and structures influences the firm's ability to recognize the value of new resources and capabilities. This paper explore... | investments;business strategy;organizational design;computational model;information transfer;probability;social networks;uncertain environments;rent-producing resources;certain environments | |
train_1525 | Dependence graphs: dependence within and between groups | This paper applies the two-party dependence theory (Castelfranchi, Cesta and Miceli, 1992, in Y. Demazeau and E. Werner (Eds.) Decentralized AI-3, Elsevier, North Holland) to modelling multiagent and group dependence. These have theoretical potentialities for the study of emerging groups and collective structures, and ... | collective structures;two-party dependence theory;group dependence;multiagent dependence;agent systems;emerging groups;dependence graphs;multiagent systems;organisational complexity;dependence networks;social complexity | |
train_1526 | GK-DEVS: Geometric and kinematic DEVS formalism for simulation modeling of | 3-dimensional multi-component systems A combined discrete/continuous simulation methodology based on the DEVS (discrete event system specification) formalism is presented in this paper that satisfies the simulation requirements of 3-dimensional and dynamic systems with multi-components. We propose a geometric and kinem... | object-oriented principle;continuous motion;geometric devs;gk-devs;simulation requirements;3 dimensional multi-component systems;vehicle-mounted robot;3-axis milling machine;kinematic devs;continuous state dynamics;abstract simulation algorithm;sequential state set;dynamic behavior;gk-simulator;simulation modeling;comb... | |
train_1527 | Using DEVS formalism to operationalize ELP models for diagnosis in SACHEM | This paper describes an original approach to discrete event control of continuous processes by means of expert knowledge. We present an application of this approach on the SACHEM diagnosis subsystem. The SACHEM system is a large-scale knowledge-based system that aims in helping a set of operators to control the dynamic... | complex continuous systems;expert knowledge;discrete event control;knowledge acquisition;sachem system;devs;knowledge representation;continuous processes;sachem;elp models | |
train_1528 | DEVS simulation of distributed intrusion detection systems | An intrusion detection system (IDS) attempts to identify unauthorized use, misuse, and abuse of computer and network systems. As intrusions become more sophisticated, dealing with them moves beyond the scope of one IDS. The need arises for systems to cooperate with one another, to manage diverse attacks across networks... | distributed intrusion detection system;intrusion detection system;ids;cooperative intrusion detection;warning threshold;intrusions;expert system | |
train_1529 | Quantized-State Systems: A DEVS-approach for continuous system simulation | A new class of dynamical systems, Quantized State Systems or QSS, is introduced in this paper. QSS are continuous time systems where the input trajectories are piecewise constant functions and the state variable trajectories - being themselves piecewise linear functions - are converted into piecewise constant functions... | continuous time systems;dynamical systems;discrete-event simulation;discrete event model;piecewise constant functions;quantized state systems | |
train_153 | On the relationship between omega -automata and temporal logic normal forms | We consider the relationship between omega -automata and a specific logical formulation based on a normal form for temporal logic formulae. While this normal form was developed for use with execution and clausal resolution in temporal logics, we show how it can represent, syntactically, omega -automata in a high-level ... | omega -automata;temporal logic normal forms;logical formulation;program correctness;clausal resolution | |
train_1530 | Uniform supersaturated design and its construction | Supersaturated designs are factorial designs in which the number of main effects is greater than the number of experimental runs. In this paper, a discrete discrepancy is proposed as a measure of uniformity for supersaturated designs, and a lower bound of this discrepancy is obtained as,a benchmark of design uniformity... | uniform supersaturated design;factorial designs;experimental runs;discrete discrepancy;resolvable balanced incomplete block designs | |
train_1531 | Average optimization of the approximate solution of operator equations and its | application In this paper, a definition of the optimization of operator equations in the average case setting is given. And the general result about the relevant optimization problem is obtained. This result is applied to the optimization of approximate solution of some classes of integral equations | integral n-width;average case setting;optimization;operator equations;gaussian measure;integral equations | |
train_1532 | Dedekind zeta-functions and Dedekind sums | In this paper we use Dedekind zeta functions of two real quadratic number fields at -1 to denote Dedekind sums of high rank. Our formula is different from that of Siegel's (1969). As an application, we get a polynomial representation of zeta /sub K/(-1) = zeta /sub K/(-1) = 1/45(26n/sup 3/ - 41n +or- 9), n identical to... | dedekind sums;real quadratic number fields;dedekind zeta-functions;polynomial representation | |
train_1533 | Generic simulation approach for multi-axis machining. Part 2: model calibration | and feed rate scheduling For Part 1 see ibid. vol.124 (2002). This is the second part of a two-part paper presenting a new methodology for analytically simulating multi-axis machining of complex sculptured surfaces. The first section of this paper offers a detailed explanation of the model calibration procedure. A new ... | cutting force coefficients;model calibration;cutting edge design;optimization;metal removal rate;multiple axis machining;complex sculptured surfaces;generic simulation;feed rate scheduling;force model | |
train_1534 | Generic simulation approach for multi-axis machining. Part 1: modeling | methodology This paper presents a new methodology for analytically simulating multi-axis machining of complex sculptured surfaces. A generalized approach is developed for representing an arbitrary cutting edge design, and the local surface topology of a complex sculptured surface. A NURBS curve is used to represent the... | complex surface machining;systematic prediction;tool path specification;surface topology;nurbs curve;multiple axis machining;complex sculptured surfaces;generic modeling;cutting edge profile | |
train_1535 | Hot controllers | Over the last few years, the semiconductor industry has put much emphasis on ways to improve the accuracy of thermal mass flow controllers (TMFCs). Although issues involving TMFC mounting orientation and pressure effects have received much attention, little has been done to address the effect of changes in ambient temp... | semiconductor manufacturing;temperature correction algorithm;process gas flow;thermal mass flow controller;in situ environmental temperature compensation | |
train_1536 | Connection management for QoS service on the Web | The current Web service model treats all requests equivalently, both while being processed by servers and while being transmitted over the network. For some uses, such as multiple priority schemes, different levels of service are desirable. We propose application-level TCP connection management mechanisms for Web serve... | internet;time-outs;quality of service;tcp connections;web service model;telecommunication traffic;web transaction;client server system;connection management | |
train_1537 | Technology on social issues of videoconferencing on the Internet: a survey | Constant advances in audio/video compression, the development of the multicast protocol as well as fast improvement in computing devices (e.g. higher speed, larger memory) have set forth the opportunity to have resource demanding videoconferencing (VC) sessions on the Internet. Multicast is supported by the multicast b... | internet;mbone;multimedia;data compression;multicast protocol;social issues;multicast backbone;videoconferencing | |
train_1538 | A heuristic approach to resource locations in broadband networks | In broadband networks, such as ATM, the importance of dynamic migration of data resources is increasing because of its potential to improve performance especially for transaction processing. In environments with migratory data resources, it is necessary to have mechanisms to manage the locations of each data resource. ... | broadband networks;resource locations;distributed network;network topology;atm;data resource migrations;heuristics | |
train_1539 | Comments on some recent methods for the simultaneous determination of | polynomial zeros In this note we give some comments on the recent results concerning a simultaneous method of the fourth-order for finding complex zeros in circular interval arithmetic. The main discussion is directed to a rediscovered iterative formula and its modification, presented recently in Sun and Kosmol, (2001)... | zeros;polynomial;complex zeros;iterative formula;circular interval arithmetic | |
train_154 | Verifying concurrent systems with symbolic execution | Current techniques for interactively proving temporal properties of concurrent systems translate transition systems into temporal formulas by introducing program counter variables. Proofs are not intuitive, because control flow is not explicitly considered. For sequential programs symbolic execution is a very intuitive... | symbolic execution;concurrent systems verification;concurrent systems;parallel programs;temporal properties;interactive theorem prover kiv;sequential programs;program counter variables;temporal formulas;transition systems;local invariants | |
train_1540 | Adaptive thinning for bivariate scattered data | This paper studies adaptive thinning strategies for approximating a large set of scattered data by piecewise linear functions over triangulated subsets. Our strategies depend on both the locations of the data points in the plane, and the values of the sampled function at these points - adaptive thinning. All our thinni... | scattered data;triangulated subsets;convex function;delaunay triangulations;error;piecewise linear functions;adaptive thinning | |
train_1541 | The AT89C51/52 flash memory programmers | When faced with a plethora of applications to design, it's essential to have a versatile microcontroller in hand. The author describes the AT89C51/52 microcontrollers. To get you started, he'll describe his inexpensive microcontroller programmer | microcontroller programmer;microcontrollers;flash memory programmers;at89c51/52;device programmer | |
train_1542 | The open-source HCS project | Despite the rumors, the HCS II project is not dead. In fact, HCS has been licensed and is now an open-source project. In this article, the author brings us up to speed on the HCS II project's past, present, and future. The HCS II is an expandable, standalone, network-based (RS-485), intelligent-node, industrial-oriente... | supervisory control system;network-based;hcs ii;home control | |
train_1543 | RISCy business. Part 1: RISC projects by Cornell students | The author looks at several projects that Cornell University students entered in the Atmel Design 2001 contest. Those covered include a vertical plotter; BiLines, an electronic game; a wireless Internet pager; Cooking Coach; Barbie's zip drive; and a model train controller | atmel's design logic 2001 contest;barbie's zip drive;model train controller;bilines;vertical plotter;electronic game;risc projects;cooking coach;cornell students;wireless internet pager | |
train_1544 | Driving the NKK Smartswitch.2. Graphics and text | Whether your message is one of workplace safety or world peace, the long nights of brooding over ways to tell the world are over. Part 1 described the basic interface to drive the Smartswitch. Part 2 adds the bells and whistles to allow both text and messages to be placed anywhere on the screen. It considers character ... | graphic generation;character generation;computer graphics;messages;user interface;nkk smartswitch;text | |
train_1545 | Pontryagin maximum principle of optimal control governed by fluid dynamic | systems with two point boundary state constraint We study the optimal control problem subject to the semilinear equation with a state constraint. We prove certain theorems and give examples of state constraints so that the maximum principle holds. The main difficulty of the problem is to make the sensitivity analysis o... | optimal control;state constraints;fluid dynamics;pontryagin maximum principle;semilinear equation | |
train_1546 | Necessary conditions of optimality for impulsive systems on Banach spaces | We present necessary conditions of optimality for optimal control problems arising in systems governed by impulsive evolution equations on Banach spaces. Basic notations and terminologies are first presented and necessary conditions of optimality are presented. Special cases are discussed and we present an application ... | optimal control;impulsive systems;banach spaces;linear quadratic regulator;optimality;necessary conditions;impulsive evolution equations | |
train_1547 | New projection-type methods for monotone LCP with finite termination | In this paper we establish two new projection-type methods for the solution of the monotone linear complementarity problem (LCP). The methods are a combination of the extragradient method and the Newton method, in which the active set strategy is used and only one linear system of equations with lower dimension is solv... | projection-type methods;linear system of equations;monotonicity;active set strategy;nondegeneracy condition;iteration;matrix;convergence;vector;monotone linear complementarity problem;monotone lcp;monotone affine variational inequality problem;newton method;extragradient method;finite termination | |
train_1548 | A second order characteristic finite element scheme for convection-diffusion | problems A new characteristic finite element scheme is presented for convection-diffusion problems. It is of second order accuracy in time increment, symmetric, and unconditionally stable. Optimal error estimates are proved in the framework of L/sup 2/-theory. Numerical results are presented for two examples, which sho... | optimal error estimates;l/sup 2/ -theory;second order accuracy;convection-diffusion problems;second order characteristic finite element scheme | |
train_1549 | Riccati-based preconditioner for computing invariant subspaces of large | matrices This paper introduces and analyzes the convergence properties of a method that computes an approximation to the invariant subspace associated with a group of eigenvalues of a large not necessarily diagonalizable matrix. The method belongs to the family of projection type methods. At each step, it refines the a... | riccati-based preconditioner;invariant subspaces;jacobi-davidson method;projection type methods;eigenvalues;multigrid techniques;large matrices;diagonalizable matrix | |
train_155 | Fuzzy non-homogeneous Markov systems | In this paper the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning is combined with the theory of Markov systems and the concept of a fuzzy non-homogeneous Markov system is introduced for the first time. This is an effort to deal with the uncertainty introduced in the estimation of the transition probabilities and the input p... | uncertainty;measurement errors;fuzzy reasoning;symbolic knowledge;transition probabilities;fuzzy nonhomogeneous markov systems;probability theory;asymptotic variability;input probabilities;fuzzy logic | |
train_1550 | On the convergence of the Bermudez-Moreno algorithm with constant parameters | A. Bermudez and C. Moreno (1981) presented a duality numerical algorithm for solving variational inequalities of the second kind. The performance of this algorithm strongly depends on the choice of two constant parameters. Assuming a further hypothesis of the inf-sup type, we present here a convergence theorem that imp... | bermudez-moreno algorithm;convergence theorem;optimal parameters;duality numerical algorithm;asymptotic error constant;variational inequalities;constant parameters |
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