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What do living things need to survive? | sciq_209 | A) nutrients
B) molecules
C) oxygen
D) heat | A) nutrients | There are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore. They are the intertidal zone , neritic zone , and oceanic zone . Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water. Why? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. Li... | SciQ |
The denser regions of the electron cloud are called what? | sciq_210 | A) cores
B) orbitals
C) lattices
D) isotopes | B) orbitals | Some regions of the electron cloud are denser than others. The denser regions are areas where electrons are most likely to be. These regions are called orbitals . Each orbital has a maximum of just two electrons. Different energy levels in the cloud have different numbers of orbitals. Therefore, different energy levels... | SciQ |
In studying energy, what term do scientists use to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers? | sciq_211 | A) world
B) ecosystem
C) system
D) molecule | C) system | 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics In studying energy, scientists use the term “system” to refer to the matter and its environment involved in energy transfers. Everything outside of the system is called the surroundings. Single cells are biological systems. Systems can be thought of as having a certain amount of order. It... | SciQ |
To measure what changes that occur in chemical reactions, chemists usually use a related thermodynamic quantity, calledenthalpy? | sciq_212 | A) entropy
B) ion exchange
C) evaporation
D) energy | D) energy | (a) Initially, the system (a copper penny and concentrated nitric acid) is at atmospheric pressure. (b) When the penny is added to the nitric acid, the volume of NO2 gas that is formed causes the piston to move upward to maintain the system at atmospheric pressure. In doing so, the system is performing work on its surr... | SciQ |
What is a species that plays an especially important role in it's community called? | sciq_213 | A) complement
B) Invasive
C) Leader
D) keystone | D) keystone | Some predator species are known as keystone species. A keystone species is one that plays an especially important role in its community. Major changes in the numbers of a keystone species affect the populations of many other species in the community. For example, some sea star species are keystone species in coral reef... | SciQ |
What term that shows how fast a population is growing includes new members added to the population over a given period, as well as old members removed from the population? | sciq_214 | A) birth rate
B) growth rate
C) emigration
D) population density | B) growth rate | The population growth rate is how fast a population is growing. The letter r stands for the growth rate. The growth rate equals the number of new members added to the population in a year for each 100 members already in the population. The growth rate includes new members added to the population and old members removed... | SciQ |
The rings of what planet can be easily seen from earth? | sciq_215 | A) saturn
B) Venus
C) Neptune
D) jupiter | A) saturn | All of the outer planets have numerous moons. They also have planetary rings made of dust and other small particles. Only the rings of Saturn can be easily seen from Earth. | SciQ |
What planet is a blue green color? | sciq_216 | A) uranus
B) Mercury
C) Mars
D) sirius | A) uranus | Uranus is a lot like Jupiter and Saturn. The planet is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. There is a thick layer of gas on the outside. Further on the inside is liquid. But Uranus has a higher percentage of icy materials than Jupiter and Saturn. These materials include water, ammonia, and methane. Uranus is also d... | SciQ |
The simplest class of organic compounds is the what? | sciq_217 | A) Phenols
B) particles
C) hydrocarbons
D) gas | C) hydrocarbons | isolating the individual components, preservationists are better able to determine the condition of an object and those books and documents most in need of immediate protection. The simplest class of organic compounds is the hydrocarbons, which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Petroleum and natural gas are comp... | SciQ |
Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel and are thought to be very similar to what part of the earth? | sciq_218 | A) mantel
B) core
C) crust
D) shelf | B) core | Scientists study meteorites to learn about Earth’s interior. Meteorites formed in the early solar system. These objects represent early solar system materials. Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel. They are thought to be very similar to Earth's core ( Figure below ). An iron meteorite is the closest thing to a s... | SciQ |
Which pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity? | sciq_219 | A) trigeminal pathway
B) cranial pathway
C) dual pathway
D) posterior pathway | A) trigeminal pathway | The trigeminal pathway carries somatosensory information from the face, head, mouth, and nasal cavity. As with the previously discussed nerve tracts, the sensory pathways of the trigeminal pathway each involve three successive neurons. First, axons from the trigeminal ganglion enter the brain stem at the level of the p... | SciQ |
The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and what else? | sciq_220 | A) volume
B) density
C) direction
D) velocity | D) velocity | The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends directly on its mass and velocity. An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. You can calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object with this equation:. | SciQ |
Cycling, shoveling snow and cross-country skiing are examples of what kind of heart-strengthening activity? | sciq_221 | A) metabolism
B) anaerobic
C) exercise
D) aerobic | D) aerobic | When done regularly, aerobic activities, such as cycling, make the heart stronger. Other aerobic activities include mowing lawn, shoveling snow and cross country skiing. | SciQ |
What take the shape of their container, and are relatively easy to compress? | sciq_222 | A) molecules
B) gases
C) fluids
D) semi-fluids | B) gases | The story is quite different for gases. Gases take the shape of their container, and they are relatively easy to compress. There are fewer gas particles per unit volume than for the same substance in the liquid or solid form. In fact, the liquid form of a given material is generally several hundred times more dense tha... | SciQ |
What is moving air called? | sciq_223 | A) humidity
B) steam
C) clouds
D) wind | D) wind | Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind. | SciQ |
What is the name of the two metalloids in the carbon group called? | sciq_224 | A) titantium and copper
B) silicon and gold
C) silver and gold
D) silicon and germanium | D) silicon and germanium | Group 14 is called the carbon group. This group contains two metalloids: silicon and germanium. Carbon is a nonmetal, and the remaining elements in this group are metals. | SciQ |
What is the name of the zone where water is deeper than 200 meters called? | sciq_225 | A) transition zone
B) eccentric zone
C) euphotic zone
D) aphotic zone | D) aphotic zone | The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. This is where too little sunlight penetrates for photosynthesis to occur. As a result, producers must make "food" by chemosynthesis , or the food must drift down from the water above. | SciQ |
Diagnosing and treating cancer is a beneficial use of what potentially dangerous energy? | sciq_226 | A) thermal
B) radiation
C) mechanical
D) solar | B) radiation | Radiation has several important uses, including diagnosing and treating cancer. | SciQ |
Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. these individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in what? | sciq_227 | A) meat
B) peanuts
C) fruit
D) milk | D) milk | Many adults and some children suffer from a deficiency of lactase. These individuals are said to be lactose intolerant because they cannot digest the lactose found in milk. A more serious problem is the genetic disease galactosemia, which results from the absence of an enzyme needed to convert galactose to glucose. Cer... | SciQ |
Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in what? | sciq_229 | A) molecular bonds
B) crystals bonds
C) liquid bonds
D) chemical bonds | D) chemical bonds | Catabolic Reactions Catabolic reactions break down large organic molecules into smaller molecules, releasing the energy contained in the chemical bonds. These energy releases (conversions) are not 100 percent efficient. The amount of energy released is less than the total amount contained in the molecule. Approximately... | SciQ |
In qualitative analysis, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce what? | sciq_230 | A) erosion
B) motion
C) precipitation
D) sunlight | C) precipitation | Selective precipitation can also be used in qualitative analysis. In this method, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce precipitation. Certain reagents cause specific ions to precipitate out; therefore, the addition of the reagent can be used to determine whether the ion is present in the... | SciQ |
While climate change in earth history was due to natural processes, what is primarily to blame for recent global warming? | sciq_231 | A) volcanos
B) factories
C) human actions
D) wars | C) human actions | Climate change in Earth history was due to natural processes. Recent global warming is due mainly to human actions. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the air. This creates greater greenhouse effect and global warming. | SciQ |
What is the simplest life cycle? | sciq_232 | A) metamorphic cycle
B) diploid life cycle
C) binary life cycle
D) haploid life cycle | D) haploid life cycle | The haploid life cycle ( Figure below ) is the simplest life cycle. It is found in many single-celled organisms. Organisms with a haploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as haploid gametes. When the haploid gametes fuse, they form a diploid zygote. It quickly undergoes meiosis to produce more haploid gamet... | SciQ |
What keeps the moon orbiting earth? | sciq_233 | A) the Sun
B) gravity
C) Coriolis effect
D) axial tilt | B) gravity | Gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth. Gravity keeps the planets orbiting the Sun. | SciQ |
What are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions? | sciq_234 | A) ionic bonds
B) soluble bonds
C) inept bonds
D) magnetic bonds | A) ionic bonds | Ionic bonds are formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. | SciQ |
What produces hormones that directly regulate body processes? | sciq_235 | A) lymph glands
B) pancreas
C) hippocampus
D) hypothalamus | D) hypothalamus | The hypothalamus also produces hormones that directly regulate body processes. For example, it produces antidiuretic hormone. This hormone travels to the kidneys and stimulates them to conserve water by producing more concentrated urine. | SciQ |
Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of what process? | sciq_236 | A) emergence
B) evolution
C) regression
D) devolution | B) evolution | Take a close look at this gorilla hand. The similarities to a human hand are remarkable. Comparing anatomy, and characterizing the similarities and differences, provides evidence of evolution. | SciQ |
What is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust? | sciq_237 | A) helium
B) carbon
C) nitrogen
D) silicon | D) silicon | What is this intricate orb? It is the greatly magnified skeleton of single-celled ocean organisms call radiolarian. The skeleton is made of an element that is extremely common on Earth. In fact, it is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust. It is also one of the most common elements in the entire universe. W... | SciQ |
More than half of all known organisms are what? | sciq_239 | A) mammals
B) insects
C) spiders
D) enzymes | B) insects | The majority of arthropods are insects (Class Insecta). In fact, more than half of all known organisms are insects. There may be more than 10 million insect species in the world, although most of them have not yet been identified. In terms of their numbers and diversity, insects clearly are the dominant animals in the ... | SciQ |
Saturn is made mostly of helium and what else? | sciq_241 | A) nitrogen
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) hydrogen | C) hydrogen | Saturn’s composition is similar to Jupiter's. The planet is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. These elements are gases in the outer layers and liquids in the deeper layers. Saturn may also have a small solid core. Saturn's upper atmosphere has clouds in bands of different colors. These clouds rotate rapidly around th... | SciQ |
What are alkenes organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms described as? | sciq_242 | A) insulated
B) strong
C) saturated
D) unsaturated | D) unsaturated | Alkenes Organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are described as unsaturated. You have likely heard of unsaturated fats. These are complex organic molecules with long chains of carbon atoms, which contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarb... | SciQ |
Electrons in covalent compounds are shared between the two atoms, unlike the case in what type of bonds? | sciq_243 | A) horizontal bonds
B) ionic bonds
C) soluble bonds
D) weak bonds | B) ionic bonds | The two materials do have at least one thing in common. The atoms in the materials are held together by covalent bonds. These bonds consist of electrons shared between two or more atoms. Unlike ionic bonds, where electrons are either lost or gained by an atom to form charged ions, electrons in covalent compounds are sh... | SciQ |
What is the resistance of a liquid to flow called? | sciq_244 | A) elasticity
B) viscosity
C) turbulence
D) permeability | B) viscosity | Viscosity (η) is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Some liquids, such as gasoline, ethanol, and water, flow very readily and hence have a low viscosity. Others, such as motor oil, molasses, and maple syrup, flow very slowly and have a high viscosity. The two most common methods for evaluating the viscosity of a liqui... | SciQ |
The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what? | sciq_245 | A) nucleus
B) components
C) molecules
D) electrons | A) nucleus | Atoms have a mass that is based largely on the number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus. | SciQ |
Where do polychaete worms live? | sciq_246 | A) in tide pools
B) the ocean floor
C) in coral reefs
D) attached to marine life | B) the ocean floor | Annelids called polychaete worms live on the ocean floor. They may be filter feeders, predators, or scavengers. The amazing feather duster worm in Figure below is a polychaete that has a fan-like crown of tentacles for filter feeding. | SciQ |
What is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do? | sciq_247 | A) biogeography
B) heredity
C) geomorphology
D) lithography | A) biogeography | Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. It provides more evidence for evolution. Let’s consider the camel family as an example. | SciQ |
Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on this? | sciq_248 | A) inferred thorax
B) posterior thorax
C) posterior thorax
D) analogous thorax | B) posterior thorax | Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on the posterior thorax (Figure 11.22 and Table 11.8). The anterior muscles include the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior. The posterior muscles include the trapezius, rhomb... | SciQ |
What are the two major types of seed plants called? | sciq_249 | A) perennials and annuals
B) deciduous and evergreen
C) gymnosperms and angiosperms
D) flowers and fruits | C) gymnosperms and angiosperms | The two major types of seed plants are the gymnosperms (seeds in cones) and angiosperms (seeds in ovaries of flowers). Figure below shows how the seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms differ. Do you see the main difference between the two seeds? The angiosperm seed is surrounded by an ovary . | SciQ |
What do we call the energy-rich product of photosynthesis? | sciq_250 | A) chloride
B) glucose
C) sugar
D) insulin | B) glucose | Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis, a universal food for life. It is also the primary form in which your bloodstream delivers energy to every cell in your body. | SciQ |
How is oxygen transferred into the bloodstream? | sciq_251 | A) hard diffusion
B) brain diffusion
C) mean diffusion
D) simple diffusion | D) simple diffusion | The oxygen enters the bloodstream from the alveoli , tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ( Figure below ). The transfer of oxygen into the blood is through simple diffusion. | SciQ |
Ringworm and athlete's foot are human diseases caused by what simple organisms? | sciq_252 | A) insects
B) bacteria
C) viruses
D) fungi | D) fungi | Fungi are simple eukaryotic organisms that consist of one or more cells. They include mushrooms and yeasts. Human diseases caused by fungi include ringworm and athlete’s foot. Both are skin diseases that are not usually serious. A ringworm infection is pictured below ( Figure below ). A more serious fungus disease is h... | SciQ |
What is the measure of the change in the velocity of a moving object called? | sciq_253 | A) transmission
B) pressurization
C) acceleration
D) compression | C) acceleration | A car’s gas pedal, like the one in Figure below , is sometimes called the accelerator. That’s because it controls the acceleration of the car. Pressing down on the gas pedal gives the car more gas and causes the car to speed up. Letting up on the gas pedal gives the car less gas and causes the car to slow down. Wheneve... | SciQ |
What is the usual treatment for acute bronchitis? | sciq_254 | A) surgery
B) physical therapy
C) pesticides
D) antibiotics | D) antibiotics | Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the air passages that conduct air into the lungs. The bronchi become red and swollen with infection. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria, and may last several days or weeks. It is characterized by a cough that produces phlegm, or mucus. Symptoms includ... | SciQ |
What are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian? | sciq_255 | A) primates
B) insects
C) rodents
D) carnivores | A) primates | Primates are generally divided into prosimian and non-prosimian primates. | SciQ |
The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason what moves? | sciq_256 | A) oceans
B) continents
C) animals
D) planets | B) continents | In some places, the oceanic crust comes up to a continent. The moving crust pushes that continent away from the ridge axis as well. If the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, the crust sinks into the mantle. The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason that continents move. | SciQ |
What is the concept by which two species within the same area to coexist by adapting by developing different specializations? | sciq_257 | A) character concept
B) character development
C) feature displacement
D) character displacement | D) character displacement | Looking at different types of competition, ecologists developed the competitive exclusion principle . The principle states that species less suited to compete for resources will either adapt, move from the area, or die out. In order for two species within the same area to coexist, they may adapt by developing different... | SciQ |
A turbine that spins a generator will produce? | sciq_258 | A) electricity
B) light
C) magnetic fields
D) solar energy | A) electricity | You can follow the operation of an electricity-generating fission reactor in the image above. The reactor core is submerged in a pool of water. The heat from the fission reaction heats the water, which is pumped into a heat exchange container. There the heated water boils the water in the heat exchanger. The produced s... | SciQ |
In this type of reaction, an element replaces another element in a compound, and the element is in any state of matter but is not an ion? | sciq_259 | A) polar reaction
B) replication reaction
C) double-replacement reaction
D) single-replacement reaction | D) single-replacement reaction | A single-replacement reaction is one in which an element replaces another element in a compound. An element is in either the solid, liquid, or gas state and is not an ion. The example below shows the reaction of solid magnesium metal with aqueous silver nitrate to form aqueous magnesium nitrate and silver metal. | SciQ |
What category of elements are chacterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility? | sciq_260 | A) metals
B) nonmetals
C) noble gases
D) halogens | A) metals | Metallic Solids Metals are characterized by their ability to reflect light, called luster, their high electrical and thermal conductivity, their high heat capacity, and their malleability and ductility. Every lattice point in a pure metallic element is occupied by an atom of the same metal. The packing efficiency in me... | SciQ |
Angiosperms are also known as what? | sciq_261 | A) flowering plants
B) dry plants
C) dead plants
D) uncommon plants | A) flowering plants | Introduction Plants are as essential to human existence as land, water, and air. Without plants, our day-to-day lives would be impossible because without oxygen from photosynthesis, aerobic life cannot be sustained. From providing food and shelter to serving as a source of medicines, oils, perfumes, and industrial prod... | SciQ |
An estimated 100 trillion of these live in the gut of an average person? | sciq_262 | A) viruses
B) algae
C) pathogens
D) bacteria | D) bacteria | It is estimated that 100 trillion bacteria live in the gut. This is more than the human cells that make up you. It has also been estimated that there are more bacteria in your mouth than people on the planet. There are over 7 billion people on the planet. | SciQ |
The ability to regulate what, which is possessed by mammals, was an advantage as earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes? | sciq_263 | A) reflex behaviors
B) hair growth
C) body temperature
D) mutations | C) body temperature | Mammals have the ability to regulate body temperature. This is an advantage, as Earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes. Mastodons, saber tooth tigers, hoofed mammals, whales, primates and eventually humans all lived during the Cenozoic Era ( Figure below ). | SciQ |
What is the term for very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding dna? | sciq_264 | A) satellite dna
B) recombinant dna
C) models dna
D) addition dna | A) satellite dna | The majority of the human genome is non-coding sequence. These sequences include regulatory sequences, and DNA with unknown functions. These sequences include tandem repeat elements known as satellite DNA , and transposons. Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. The repeating... | SciQ |
What kind of map can show the features of the bottom of a body of water? | sciq_265 | A) country
B) topographic
C) basic
D) bathymetric | D) bathymetric | Oceanographers use bathymetric maps to show the features of the bottom of a body of water. | SciQ |
What evolved, adapted response to resource availability is the long-range seasonal movement of animals? | sciq_266 | A) migration
B) changing
C) Stagnation
D) regulating | A) migration | Migration Migration is the long-range seasonal movement of animals. It is an evolved, adapted response to variation in resource availability, and it is a common phenomenon found in all major groups of animals. Birds fly south for the winter to get to warmer climates with sufficient food, and salmon migrate to their spa... | SciQ |
What is another name for composite volcanos? | sciq_267 | A) seismic giants
B) fjords
C) fault lines
D) stratovolcanoes | D) stratovolcanoes | Composite volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes. This is because they are formed by alternating layers (strata) of magma and ash ( Figure below ). The magma that creates composite volcanoes tends to be thick. The steep sides form because the lava cannot flow too far from the vent. The thick magma may also create ex... | SciQ |
Fossil records support the idea that periods of little change may be interrupted by bursts of rapid change, an evolutionary model contrasted by what? | sciq_268 | A) elitism
B) minimalism
C) gradualism
D) darwinian | C) gradualism | When geologic and climatic conditions are changing, evolution may occur more quickly. Thus, long periods of little change may be interrupted by bursts of rapid change. This model of the timing of evolution is called punctuated equilibrium . It is better supported by the fossil record than is gradualism. | SciQ |
What type of winds occur when air is forced over a mountain range? | sciq_269 | A) trade winds
B) doldrums
C) local winds
D) chinook winds | D) chinook winds | Chinook winds ( Figure below ) occur when air is forced over a mountain range. Warm air rises over the Sierra Nevada in California, for example, because it is pushed eastward by the westerly winds. The air cools as it rises and precipitates. The air is now dry. It sinks down the far side of the mountains and may create... | SciQ |
What do clouds trap into the atmosphere at night? | sciq_270 | A) smog
B) seawater
C) heat
D) light | C) heat | Clouds block sunlight in the day. Clouds trap heat in the atmosphere at night. | SciQ |
A nerve cell that carries messages is called a? | sciq_271 | A) mitochondria
B) stem cell
C) platelet
D) neuron | D) neuron | The nervous system is made up of nerves. A nerve is a bundle of nerve cells. A nerve cell that carries messages is called a neuron. The messages carried by neurons are called nerve impulses. | SciQ |
What group of animals are the largest arthropods? | sciq_272 | A) birds
B) insects
C) spiders
D) fish | B) insects | There are several traits shared by all arthropods. Arthropods have a complete digestive system. They also have a circulatory system and a nervous system. In addition, they have special organs for breathing and excreting wastes. Other traits of arthropods include:. | SciQ |
What term describes a collection of similar cells that had a common embryonic origin? | sciq_273 | A) organ-level organization
B) plasma
C) tissue
D) nucleus | C) tissue | Complex Tissue Structure A hallmark trait of animals is specialized structures that are differentiated to perform unique functions. As multicellular organisms, most animals develop specialized cells that group together into tissues with specialized functions. A tissue is a collection of similar cells that had a common ... | SciQ |
Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are what? | sciq_274 | A) very small
B) very dense
C) very abundant
D) very large | D) very large | Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are very large. Some contain thousands of monomer molecules. | SciQ |
The name of a spinal cord region corresponds to the level at which spinal nerves pass through the what? | sciq_275 | A) synovial fluid
B) lumbar foramina
C) intervertebral foramina
D) notochord | C) intervertebral foramina | The Spinal Cord The description of the CNS is concentrated on the structures of the brain, but the spinal cord is another major organ of the system. Whereas the brain develops out of expansions of the neural tube into primary and then secondary vesicles, the spinal cord maintains the tube structure and is only speciali... | SciQ |
Tests for levels of what in blood allow a diabetic patient to regulate how much insulin to administer? | sciq_276 | A) protein
B) chloride
C) alcohol
D) glucose | D) glucose | Laboratory testing has come to the local drug store or grocery store because of developments in chemistry. You can test your blood glucose using a simple portable device that runs a chemical test on the blood sample and tells you how much glucose is present, allowing a diabetic patient to regulate how much insulin to a... | SciQ |
The process of breaking down food into nutrients is known as __________ | sciq_277 | A) filtration
B) energy
C) digestion
D) absorption | C) digestion | As food is pushed through the GI tract by peristalsis, it undergoes digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients. There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. | SciQ |
Reasoning can be broken down into two categories: deduction and? | sciq_278 | A) invention
B) preduction
C) conduction
D) induction | D) induction | Any useful hypothesis will allow predictions based on reasoning. Reasoning can be broken down into two categories: deduction and induction. Most reasoning in science is formed through induction. | SciQ |
What are used to make maps of the moon and other planets? | sciq_279 | A) imaging satellites
B) rendering satellites
C) topographical charts
D) radio telescopes | A) imaging satellites | Astronomers use imaging satellites to study and make maps of the Moon and other planets. | SciQ |
What term describes how closely packed the particles of matter are? | sciq_280 | A) range
B) density
C) space
D) mass | B) density | Density is an important physical property of matter. It reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are. When particles are packed together more tightly, matter has greater density. Differences in density of matter explain many phenomena, not just why helium balloons rise. For example, differences in density of... | SciQ |
Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they? | sciq_281 | A) Static
B) Acidic
C) non living
D) are not cells | D) are not cells | Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce new copies of themselves. After infecting a host cell, a virion uses the cell’s ribosomes, enzymes, ATP, and other components to replicate. Viruses vary in how th... | SciQ |
What is likely to happen to a parasite if it kills its host? | sciq_282 | A) it mutates
B) it dies
C) it adapts
D) it thrives | B) it dies | Some parasites kill their host, but most do not. It’s easy to see why. If a parasite kills its host, the parasite is also likely to die. Instead, parasites usually cause relatively minor damage to their host. | SciQ |
What is a type of solid that lacks an ordered internal structure? | sciq_283 | A) a sponge
B) ice
C) an amorphous solid
D) an elastic solid | C) an amorphous solid | An amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure. | SciQ |
What is it called when you get the same result after repeating an experiment? | sciq_284 | A) replication
B) control
C) variable
D) initiation | A) replication | Getting the same result when an experiment is repeated is called replication. If research results can be replicated, it means they are more likely to be correct. | SciQ |
What is the largest human organ? | sciq_285 | A) lungs
B) skin
C) stomach
D) brain | B) skin | human body system that includes the skin, nails, and hair. | SciQ |
In the chest, the trachea divides as it enters the lungs to form the right and left what? | sciq_286 | A) atrium
B) ventricle
C) alveoli
D) bronchi | D) bronchi | In the chest, the trachea divides as it enters the lungs to form the right and left bronchi . The bronchi contain cartilage, which prevents them from collapsing. Mucus in the bronchi traps any remaining particles in air. Tiny, hair-like structures called cilia line the bronchi and sweep the particles and mucus toward t... | SciQ |
Many objects have color because they contain what? | sciq_287 | A) salts
B) solvents
C) pigments
D) vitamins | C) pigments | Many objects have color because they contain pigments. A pigment is a substance that colors materials by reflecting light of certain wavelengths and absorbing light of other wavelengths. A very common pigment is the dark green pigment called chlorophyll, which is found in plants. Chlorophyll absorbs all but green wavel... | SciQ |
What do craters and rifts become when the fill with water? | sciq_288 | A) rivers
B) creeks
C) grasses
D) lakes | D) lakes | Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water. Where does the water come from?. | SciQ |
What is the long, narrow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach by the mechanism of peristalsis? | sciq_290 | A) esophagus
B) liver
C) gallbladder
D) spinal cord | A) esophagus | The esophagus is a long, narrow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach. It has no other purpose. Food moves through the esophagus because of peristalsis. At the lower end of the esophagus, a circular muscle, called a sphincter, controls the opening to the stomach. The sphincter relaxes to let food pass ... | SciQ |
What is the temperature at which condensation of water vapor occurs called? | sciq_291 | A) the tipping point
B) the dew point
C) the cooling point
D) the boiling point | B) the dew point | The temperature at which condensation of water vapor occurs is called the dew point. The dew point varies depending on air temperature and moisture content. | SciQ |
Alkenes have double bonds while alkynes have what? | sciq_292 | A) triple bonds
B) equal bonds
C) quadruple bonds
D) single bonds | A) triple bonds | Alkenes have double bonds; alkynes have triple bonds. Both undergo addition reactions. | SciQ |
What is our main source of aluminum ore? | sciq_293 | A) coal
B) tin
C) cobalt
D) bauxite | D) bauxite | Weathering may concentrate some resources. In tropical climates, chemical weathering can be intense. Some minerals dissolve and water carries them away. This leaves behind the materials that are not soluble. Bauxite is aluminum oxide that collects this way. Bauxite is our main source of aluminum ore. | SciQ |
What are the 2 primary hosts of ebola in central africa? | sciq_294 | A) hyenas and apes
B) apes and bats
C) apes and hippos
D) lions and elephants | B) apes and bats | Several lethal viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever have been discovered, two of which are shown in the Figure below . Ebola outbreaks have been limited mainly to remote areas of the world. However, they have gained extensive media attention because of the high mortality rate—23 percent to 90 percent—depending on... | SciQ |
Unlike prokaryotic cells, dna and rna synthesis in eukaryotic cells occurs in a separate compartment from synthesis of what? | sciq_295 | A) phenotype
B) membrane
C) protein
D) acids | C) protein | In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA synthesis occur in a separate compartment from protein synthesis. In prokaryotic cells, both processes occur together. What advantages might there be to separating the processes? What advantages might there be to having them occur together? The size of the genome in one of the most well... | SciQ |
What important organelle (that would otherwise be centrally located and crucial to the cell's survival) do prokaryotic cells lack? | sciq_296 | A) nucleus
B) electrons
C) protons
D) molecules | A) nucleus | Cell division is simpler in prokaryotes than eukaryotes because prokaryotic cells themselves are simpler. Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles. Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have multiple chromosomes contained within a nucleus, and many other organelles. All of thes... | SciQ |
What occurs when some members of a species become geographically separated? | sciq_298 | A) allopatric speciation
B) symbiotic speciation
C) reflective speciation
D) divergent speciation | A) allopatric speciation | New species arise in the process of speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs when some members of a species become geographically separated. They then evolve genetic differences. If the differences prevent them from interbreeding with the original species, a new species has evolved. Sympatric speciation occurs without ... | SciQ |
What creatures evolved from a lobe-finned lungfish ancestor? | sciq_299 | A) birds
B) mice
C) horses
D) amphibians | D) amphibians | Fossil evidence shows that amphibians evolved about 365 million years ago from a lobe-finned lungfish ancestor. As the earliest land vertebrates, they were highly successful. Some of them were much larger than today’s amphibians. For more than 100 million years, amphibians remained the dominant land vertebrates. Then s... | SciQ |
What is the term for a mixture of two or more substances that has the same composition throughout? | sciq_300 | A) fluid
B) solution
C) structure
D) simple liquid | B) solution | Water is the main ingredient of many solutions. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that has the same composition throughout. Some solutions are acids and some are bases. To understand acids and bases, you need to know more about pure water. In pure water (such as distilled water), a tiny fraction of wate... | SciQ |
What are flagellate protozoa that cause giardiasis? | sciq_301 | A) plankton
B) diatoms
C) fungus
D) giardia | D) giardia | Giardia are flagellate protozoa that cause giardiasis . The parasites enter the body through food or water that has been contaminated by feces of infected people or animals. The protozoa attach to the lining of the host’s small intestine, where they prevent the host from fully absorbing nutrients. They may also cause d... | SciQ |
Rna and dna are types of what biochemical compounds containing the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus? | sciq_302 | A) amino acids
B) hormones
C) nucleic acids
D) nitrous acids | C) nucleic acids | Nucleic acids are one of four classes of biochemical compounds. (The other three classes are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. ) Nucleic acids include RNA (ribonucleic acid) as well as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Both types of nucleic acids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. | SciQ |
What are the contacts between neurons called? | sciq_303 | A) electrodes
B) synapses
C) impulses
D) neurapses | B) synapses | 12.5 Communication Between Neurons The basis of the electrical signal within a neuron is the action potential that propagates down the axon. For a neuron to generate an action potential, it needs to receive input from another source, either another neuron or a sensory stimulus. That input will result in opening ion cha... | SciQ |
What is the color of the powder of a mineral? | sciq_304 | A) organic
B) streak
C) gray
D) blue | B) streak | Streak is the color of the powder of a mineral. To do a streak test, you scrape the mineral across an unglazed porcelain plate. The plate is harder than many minerals, causing the minerals to leave a streak of powder on the plate. The color of the streak often differs from the color of the larger mineral sample, as Fig... | SciQ |
What type of compound is essential to life? | sciq_305 | A) oxygen
B) water
C) nitrogen
D) carbon | B) water | Water is essential to life because chemical reactions within cells take place in water. Most people can survive only a few days without consuming water to replace their water losses. How do you lose water?. | SciQ |
Which part of the ear amplifies the sound waves? | sciq_306 | A) eardrum
B) ear canal
C) cochlea
D) middle ear | D) middle ear | The outer ear catches sound waves and funnels them to the middle ear. The middle ear amplifies the sound waves and passes them to the inner ear. The inner ear changes the sound waves to electrical signals. The signals travel to the brain, which interprets the sounds. | SciQ |
The shape of a virus is determined by the type and arrangement of proteins in its what? | sciq_307 | A) enamel
B) nuclei
C) anode
D) capsid | D) capsid | 22.1 Introduction Viruses are the smallest biological particle (the tiniest are only 20 nm in diameter). However, they are not biological organisms so they are not classified in any kingdom of living things. They do not have any organelles and cannot respire or perform metabolic functions. Viruses are merely strands of... | SciQ |
What is the rising and sinking of warm and cooler material called? | sciq_308 | A) conveyance
B) convection
C) diffusion
D) depression | B) convection | Hot lower mantle material rises upward ( Figure below ). As it rises, it cools. At the top of the mantle it moves horizontally. Over time it becomes cool and dense enough that it sinks. Back at the bottom of the mantle, it travels horizontally. Eventually the material gets to the location where warm mantle material is ... | SciQ |
What is a group of connected cells that have a similar function within an organism called? | sciq_309 | A) colony
B) nucleus
C) organ
D) tissue | D) tissue | A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a similar function within an organism. More complex organisms such as jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones have a tissue level of organization. For example, jellyfish have tissues that have separate protective, digestive, and sensory functions. | SciQ |
The number of what subatomic particles can vary between atoms of the same element? | sciq_310 | A) neutrons
B) neurons
C) electrons
D) protons | A) neutrons | As stated earlier, not all atoms of a given element are identical. Specifically, the number of neutrons in the nucleus can vary for many elements. As an example, naturally occurring carbon exists in three forms, which are illustrated in Figure below . | SciQ |
Water is recycled constantly through which system? | sciq_311 | A) the hydropshere
B) the troposphere
C) the ecosystem
D) the habitat | C) the ecosystem | Water is recycled constantly through the ecosystem. That means any water you drank today has been around for millions of years. You could be drinking water that was once drunk by George Washington, the first humans, or even the dinosaurs. | SciQ |
The process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment is called what? | sciq_312 | A) thrombosis
B) homeostasis
C) consciousness
D) ketosis | B) homeostasis | The process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment is called homeostasis . Keeping a stable internal environment requires constant adjustments. Here are just three of the many ways that human organ systems help the body maintain homeostasis:. | SciQ |
What do scientist's believe mercury's core is mostly made of? | sciq_313 | A) water
B) quicksilver
C) melted iron
D) helium gas | C) melted iron | Figure below shows a diagram of Mercury’s interior. Mercury is one of the densest planets. Scientists think that the interior contains a large core made mostly of melted iron. Mercury's core takes up about 42% of the planet's volume. Mercury's highly cratered surface is evidence that Mercury is not geologically active. | SciQ |
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