id stringlengths 1 7 | text stringlengths 154 333k |
|---|---|
6100 | word:
hay
word_type:
noun
expansion:
hay (countable and uncountable, plural hays)
forms:
form:
hays
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English hey, from Old English hīeġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hawi, from Proto-Germanic *hawją (compare West Frisian hea, Dutch hooi, German Heu, Norwegian høy), from *hawwaną (“to hew, cut down”). More at hew.
senses_examples:
text:
Hay may be dried too much as well as too little.
ref:
1857, Charles Louis Flint, Grasses and Forage Plants: A Practical Treatise, […]
type:
quotation
text:
I would like some of that hay. Enclose $20.
ref:
1947, William Burroughs, letter, 19 Feb 1947
text:
Jeff Spicoli, roll me another hay
ref:
1994, “Bug Powder Dust”, performed by Bomb the Bass
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Grass cut and dried for use as animal fodder.
Any mix of green leafy plants used for fodder.
Cannabis; marijuana.
A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially a rabbit.
senses_topics:
|
6101 | word:
hay
word_type:
verb
expansion:
hay (third-person singular simple present hays, present participle haying, simple past and past participle hayed)
forms:
form:
hays
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
haying
tags:
participle
present
form:
hayed
tags:
participle
past
form:
hayed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English hey, from Old English hīeġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hawi, from Proto-Germanic *hawją (compare West Frisian hea, Dutch hooi, German Heu, Norwegian høy), from *hawwaną (“to hew, cut down”). More at hew.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To cut grasses or herb plants for use as animal fodder.
To lay snares for rabbits.
senses_topics:
|
6102 | word:
hay
word_type:
noun
expansion:
hay (plural hays)
forms:
form:
hays
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English haye, heye, a conflation of Old English heġe (“hedge, fence”) and Old English ġehæġ (“an enclosed piece of land”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A hedge.
A net placed around the lair or burrow of an animal.
An enclosure, haw.
A circular country dance.
senses_topics:
|
6103 | word:
hay
word_type:
noun
expansion:
hay (plural hays)
forms:
form:
hays
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From the sound it represents, by analogy with other letters such as kay and gay. The expected form in English if the h had survived in the Latin name of the letter "h", hā.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The letter for the h sound in Pitman shorthand.
senses_topics:
|
6104 | word:
mislaid
word_type:
adj
expansion:
mislaid (comparative more mislaid, superlative most mislaid)
forms:
form:
more mislaid
tags:
comparative
form:
most mislaid
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
That cannot be currently found, put in an obscure place, lost - often temporarily.
senses_topics:
|
6105 | word:
mislaid
word_type:
verb
expansion:
mislaid
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of mislay
senses_topics:
|
6106 | word:
linguistics
word_type:
noun
expansion:
linguistics (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
English linguist
English -ics
English linguistics
From linguist + -ics, akin to linguistic and Latin linguisticus, coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1847 from German Linguistik.
senses_examples:
text:
a branch of linguistics
type:
example
text:
to study linguistics
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The systematic and scholarly study of language.
senses_topics:
|
6107 | word:
misspelled
word_type:
adj
expansion:
misspelled (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
The ransom letter contained many misspelled words.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not spelled correctly.
senses_topics:
|
6108 | word:
misspelled
word_type:
verb
expansion:
misspelled
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
Trump misspelled Xi’s first name as “Xinping” in the first version of his tweet about China but later corrected it.
ref:
2018 March 10, “Trump believes North Korea will keep word on missile tests”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-12-10
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of misspell
senses_topics:
|
6109 | word:
misled
word_type:
verb
expansion:
misled
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of mislead
senses_topics:
|
6110 | word:
misled
word_type:
verb
expansion:
misled
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of misle
senses_topics:
|
6111 | word:
mishear
word_type:
verb
expansion:
mishear (third-person singular simple present mishears, present participle mishearing, simple past and past participle misheard)
forms:
form:
mishears
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
mishearing
tags:
participle
present
form:
misheard
tags:
participle
past
form:
misheard
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English misheren, from Old English mishȳran, mishīeran (“to hear amiss, not listen to, disobey”), equivalent to mis- + hear.
senses_examples:
text:
I misheard when she asked for mints, and gave her mince instead.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To hear wrongly.
To misunderstand.
senses_topics:
|
6112 | word:
lied
word_type:
noun
expansion:
lied (plural lieder)
forms:
form:
lieder
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from German Lied (“song”). Doublet of leed, which was inherited by Old English lēoþ (“poem”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An art song, usually sung solo in German and accompanied on the piano.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
music |
6113 | word:
lied
word_type:
verb
expansion:
lied
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
senses_examples:
text:
“They put on an unemotional face but they're concerned, all right,” he said. “I lied, you know, and they know it. At least Sam knows it. This just might not be so routine a procedure. But we have to go in, and right now.[…]
ref:
2006 December 24, Arelo Sederberg, Country Music: And Other Stories, iUniverse, page 211
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of lie (in the sense "to give false information intentionally")
senses_topics:
|
6114 | word:
linguist
word_type:
noun
expansion:
linguist (plural linguists)
forms:
form:
linguists
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
en:linguist
etymology_text:
From Latin lingua (“language”) + -ist.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
One who studies linguistics.
A person skilled in languages.
A human translator; an interpreter, especially in the armed forces.
senses_topics:
|
6115 | word:
gone
word_type:
verb
expansion:
gone
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English gon, igon, gan, ȝegan, from Old English gān, ġegān, from Proto-Germanic *gānaz (“gone”), past participle of *gāną (“to go”). Cognate with West Germanic Scots gane (“gone”), West Frisian gien (“gone”), Low German gahn (“gone”), and Dutch gegaan (“gone”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of go
senses_topics:
|
6116 | word:
gone
word_type:
adj
expansion:
gone (comparative further gone or goner, superlative furthest gone or gonest)
forms:
form:
further gone
tags:
comparative
form:
goner
tags:
comparative
form:
furthest gone
tags:
superlative
form:
gonest
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English gon, igon, gan, ȝegan, from Old English gān, ġegān, from Proto-Germanic *gānaz (“gone”), past participle of *gāną (“to go”). Cognate with West Germanic Scots gane (“gone”), West Frisian gien (“gone”), Low German gahn (“gone”), and Dutch gegaan (“gone”).
senses_examples:
text:
Are they gone already?
type:
example
text:
The days of my youth are gone.
type:
example
text:
All the little shops that used to be here are now gone.
type:
example
text:
I'm afraid all the coffee's gone at the moment.
type:
example
text:
The bulb's gone, can you put a new one in?.
type:
example
text:
Have you seen the company's revenue? It's through the floor. They're gone.
type:
example
text:
Don't bother trying to understand what Grandma says; she's gone.
type:
example
text:
He's totally gone on her.
type:
example
text:
It was a group of real gone cats.
type:
example
text:
Dad, I want to be a jock. All a jock needs is some hep patter and a real gone image. Now, they just don't teach that jazz in college.
ref:
1975, Garry Marshall et al., “Richie's Flip Side”, in Happy Days, season 2, episode 21, spoken by Richie Cunningham (Ron Howard)
type:
quotation
text:
Six nights gone, your brother fell upon my uncle Stafford, encamped with his host at a village called Oxcross not three days ride from Casterly Rock.
ref:
1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 491
type:
quotation
text:
She’s three months gone
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Away, having left.
No longer existing, having passed.
Used up.
Dead.
Doomed, done for.
Not fully aware of one's surroundings, often through intoxication or mental decline.
Entirely given up to; infatuated with; used with on.
Excellent, wonderful; crazy.
Ago (used post-positionally).
Weak; faint; feeling a sense of goneness.
Of an arrow: wide of the mark.
Used with a duration to indicate for how long a process has been developing, an action has been performed or a state has persisted; pregnant.
senses_topics:
|
6117 | word:
gone
word_type:
prep
expansion:
gone
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English gon, igon, gan, ȝegan, from Old English gān, ġegān, from Proto-Germanic *gānaz (“gone”), past participle of *gāną (“to go”). Cognate with West Germanic Scots gane (“gone”), West Frisian gien (“gone”), Low German gahn (“gone”), and Dutch gegaan (“gone”).
senses_examples:
text:
You'd better hurry up, it's gone four o'clock.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Past, after, later than (a time).
senses_topics:
|
6118 | word:
gone
word_type:
contraction
expansion:
gone
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative spelling of gon／gon': short for gonna, going to.
senses_topics:
|
6119 | word:
citizen
word_type:
noun
expansion:
citizen (plural citizens)
forms:
form:
citizens
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
citizen
etymology_text:
From Middle English citeseyn, citezein, borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain (“burgher; city-dweller”), citezein etc., probably a variant of cithein under influence of deinzein (“denizen”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French citeain etc. and citaien, citeien etc. ("burgher"; modern French citoyen), from cité ("settlement; cathedral city, city"; modern French cité) + -ain or -ien (“-an, -ian”). See city and hewe.
senses_examples:
text:
Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair.
Peter Mackenzie: Indian, is he?
Assistant: She is a British citizen, Minister. Born in Coventry.
ref:
1990, House of Cards, season 1, episode 4
type:
quotation
text:
Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that “nudges” our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.
ref:
2012 January 24, Steven Sloman, “The Battle Between Intuition and Deliberation”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2012-01-08, page 74
type:
quotation
text:
I am a Roman citizen.
text:
Diogenes reckoned himself a citizen of the world.
type:
example
text:
A jellyfish... carries poison cells that can sting other citizens of the sea.
ref:
1979 October, Boys' Life, page 33
type:
quotation
text:
[W]ould Mr. Delvile, who hardly ever spoke but to the high-born, without seeming to think his dignity somewhat injured, deign to receive for a daughter in law the child of a citizen and tradesman?
ref:
1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, III.v.6
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties.
A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role.
An inhabitant or occupant: a member of any place.
A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian.
A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group.
An ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other.
A term of address among French citizens during the French Revolution or towards its supporters elsewhere; (later, dated) a term of address among socialists and communists.
An object.
senses_topics:
Christianity
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences |
6120 | word:
Islam
word_type:
name
expansion:
Islam (usually uncountable, plural Islams)
forms:
form:
Islams
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed around 1610 from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām, “submission, surrender”), verbal noun of أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama), from the root س ل م (s-l-m).
senses_examples:
text:
For quotations using this term, see Citations:Islam.
text:
It is no doubt true that other civilizations, prior to, or wholly alien to, the medieval West, such as the Roman Empire, Byzantium, Islam, or China, were familiar with forms of higher education which a number of historians, for the sake of convenience, have sometimes described as universities.
ref:
2003, Jacques Verger, edited by Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Patterns, pages 35–76
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.
The Muslimdom (the sphere of influence of the religion).
A male given name.
A surname
senses_topics:
|
6121 | word:
natter
word_type:
verb
expansion:
natter (third-person singular simple present natters, present participle nattering, simple past and past participle nattered)
forms:
form:
natters
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
nattering
tags:
participle
present
form:
nattered
tags:
participle
past
form:
nattered
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From a Northern England dialectal variant of gnatter (also knatter) ("to chatter, grumble; nibble away at"), ultimately of imitative origin. Cognate with German Low German gnattern (“to mumble, grumble, be grouchy”).
senses_examples:
text:
What are you guys nattering about? You're clearly not following the meeting!
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To talk casually; to discuss unimportant matters.
To nag.
senses_topics:
|
6122 | word:
natter
word_type:
noun
expansion:
natter (plural natters)
forms:
form:
natters
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From a Northern England dialectal variant of gnatter (also knatter) ("to chatter, grumble; nibble away at"), ultimately of imitative origin. Cognate with German Low German gnattern (“to mumble, grumble, be grouchy”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Mindless and irrelevant chatter.
senses_topics:
|
6123 | word:
braid
word_type:
verb
expansion:
braid (third-person singular simple present braids, present participle braiding, simple past and past participle braided)
forms:
form:
braids
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
braiding
tags:
participle
present
form:
braided
tags:
participle
past
form:
braided
tags:
past
wikipedia:
braid
etymology_text:
From Middle English braiden, breided, bræiden, from Old English breġdan (“to move quickly, pull, shake, swing, throw (wrestling), draw (sword), drag; bend, weave, braid, knit, join together; change color, vary, be transformed; bind, knot; move, be pulled; flash”), from Proto-West Germanic *bregdan, from Proto-Germanic *bregdaną (“to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug, twitch, flinch, move, swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrēḱ-, *bʰrēǵ- (“to shine, shimmer”).
Cognate with Scots Scots brade, Scots braid (“to move quickly or suddenly”), Saterland Frisian braidje (“to knit”), West Frisian breidzje, Dutch breien (“to knit”), Low German breiden, German breiden, Bavarian bretten (“to move quickly, twitch”), Icelandic bregða (“to move quickly, jerk”), Faroese bregða (“to move quickly, react swiftly; to draw (sword)”) and Faroese bregda (“to plaid, braid, twist, twine”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To make a sudden movement with, to jerk.
To start into motion.
To weave together, intertwine (strands of fibers, ribbons, etc.); to arrange (hair) in braids.
To mix, or make uniformly soft, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in preparing food.
To reproach; to upbraid.
senses_topics:
|
6124 | word:
braid
word_type:
noun
expansion:
braid (plural braids)
forms:
form:
braids
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
braid
etymology_text:
From Middle English braiden, breided, bræiden, from Old English breġdan (“to move quickly, pull, shake, swing, throw (wrestling), draw (sword), drag; bend, weave, braid, knit, join together; change color, vary, be transformed; bind, knot; move, be pulled; flash”), from Proto-West Germanic *bregdan, from Proto-Germanic *bregdaną (“to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug, twitch, flinch, move, swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrēḱ-, *bʰrēǵ- (“to shine, shimmer”).
Cognate with Scots Scots brade, Scots braid (“to move quickly or suddenly”), Saterland Frisian braidje (“to knit”), West Frisian breidzje, Dutch breien (“to knit”), Low German breiden, German breiden, Bavarian bretten (“to move quickly, twitch”), Icelandic bregða (“to move quickly, jerk”), Faroese bregða (“to move quickly, react swiftly; to draw (sword)”) and Faroese bregda (“to plaid, braid, twist, twine”).
senses_examples:
text:
He fixt vpon my face, which to my death / Will neuer part fro me, when with a braide / A deepe fet sigh he gaue, and therewithall / Clasping his handes, to heauen he cast his sight.
ref:
1561, Thomas Sackville, Ferrex and Porrex, act IV, scene ii, lines 1274–7
type:
quotation
text:
The physician should evaluate for a history of tight ponytails, buns, chignons, braids, twists, weaves, cornrows, dreadlocks, sisterlocks, and hair wefts in addition to the usage of religious hair coverings.
ref:
2021, Becky S. Li, Howard I. Maibach, Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations, page 154
type:
quotation
text:
Let the maide learne none uncleanly words, or wanton, or uncomely gesture and moving of the body, no not so much as when she is yet ignorant what shee doth, and innocent; for shee shall doe the same, when shee is growne bigger and of more discretion, […] And oftentimes such braides come uppon them against their will.
ref:
1540, Juan Luis Vives, chapter 2, in Richard Hyrde, transl., Instruction of a Christian Woman
type:
quotation
text:
We introduce braids via their historical roots and uses, make connections with knot theory and present the mathematical theory of braids through the braid group.
ref:
2009, Mitchell A. Berger, Louis H. Kauffman, Renzo L. Ricca, Lectures on Topological Fluid Mechanics, page 1
type:
quotation
text:
In order to characterise the structure and complexity of a braid different numbers or topological invariants can be calculated.
ref:
2012, A. T. Skjeltorp, Tamas Vicsek, Complexity from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales, page 144
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A sudden movement; a jerk, a wrench.
A weave of three or more strands of fibers, ribbons, cords or hair often for decoration.
A stranded wire composed of a number of smaller wires twisted together.
A tubular sheath made of braided strands of metal placed around a central cable for shielding against electromagnetic interference.
A caprice or outburst of passion or anger.
Given two sets of n points on corresponding positions on two parallel lines, a braid is a unique set of crossings (over or under) between n strands that connect each point on one line to a point on the other line such that all points represent the terminus of one and only one strand and the traversal of any strand from a starting point to an ending point never moves further away from the from the ending point.
A wicker guard for protecting newly grafted trees.
A moment, stound.
A turn of work, job.
A trick; deception.
senses_topics:
mathematics
sciences
topology
|
6125 | word:
braid
word_type:
adj
expansion:
braid (comparative more braid, superlative most braid)
forms:
form:
more braid
tags:
comparative
form:
most braid
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
braid
etymology_text:
From Middle English braiden, breided, bræiden, from Old English breġdan (“to move quickly, pull, shake, swing, throw (wrestling), draw (sword), drag; bend, weave, braid, knit, join together; change color, vary, be transformed; bind, knot; move, be pulled; flash”), from Proto-West Germanic *bregdan, from Proto-Germanic *bregdaną (“to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug, twitch, flinch, move, swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrēḱ-, *bʰrēǵ- (“to shine, shimmer”).
Cognate with Scots Scots brade, Scots braid (“to move quickly or suddenly”), Saterland Frisian braidje (“to knit”), West Frisian breidzje, Dutch breien (“to knit”), Low German breiden, German breiden, Bavarian bretten (“to move quickly, twitch”), Icelandic bregða (“to move quickly, jerk”), Faroese bregða (“to move quickly, react swiftly; to draw (sword)”) and Faroese bregda (“to plaid, braid, twist, twine”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Crafty, deceitful.
senses_topics:
|
6126 | word:
braid
word_type:
noun
expansion:
braid (plural braids)
forms:
form:
braids
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
braid
etymology_text:
From Middle English brede, bræd, bred, from Old English bred (“board, plank, tablet, table”), from Proto-West Germanic *bred, from Proto-Germanic *bredą (“board, plank”), e-grade byform of *burdą (“board, plank”). Cognate with Scots bred, braid, brad (“board, plank, wooden tablet”), Saterland Frisian Brääd (“board, plank”), West Frisian bret (“board, plank”), Dutch bred, berd (“plank, table”), German Low German Bredd (“board, plank”), German Brett (“board, plank”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A shelf or board for holding objects.
A board to press curd for cheese.
A flat board attached to a beam, used for weighing.
senses_topics:
|
6127 | word:
mistaken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
mistaken
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Morphologically mistake + -n.
senses_examples:
text:
I'm frequently mistaken for my brother.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of mistake
senses_topics:
|
6128 | word:
mistaken
word_type:
adj
expansion:
mistaken (comparative more mistaken, superlative most mistaken)
forms:
form:
more mistaken
tags:
comparative
form:
most mistaken
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Morphologically mistake + -n.
senses_examples:
text:
A mistaken sense of loyalty.
type:
example
text:
I think you must be mistaken.
type:
example
text:
He admitted he was mistaken about the budget numbers.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Erroneous.
Having an incorrect belief.
senses_topics:
|
6129 | word:
forgotten
word_type:
adj
expansion:
forgotten (comparative more forgotten, superlative most forgotten)
forms:
form:
more forgotten
tags:
comparative
form:
most forgotten
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Morphologically forgot + -en.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Of which knowledge has been lost; which is no longer remembered.
senses_topics:
|
6130 | word:
forgotten
word_type:
verb
expansion:
forgotten
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Morphologically forgot + -en.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of forget
senses_topics:
|
6131 | word:
forgotten
word_type:
noun
expansion:
forgotten (plural forgottens)
forms:
form:
forgottens
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Morphologically forgot + -en.
senses_examples:
text:
Luckily for these unfortunate forgottens, New Year is approaching, a time when, despite the intuitions of the calendar, our thoughts often turn to the past.
ref:
2007 December 31, Alan Feuer, “Headliners of 07: A Subway Savior, Rampaging Rats, and a $12 Million Dog”, in New York Times
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A person or thing that has been forgotten.
senses_topics:
|
6132 | word:
while
word_type:
noun
expansion:
while (plural (archaic or informal) whiles)
forms:
form:
whiles
tags:
archaic
informal
plural
wikipedia:
while
etymology_text:
From Middle English whyle, from Old English hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).
senses_examples:
text:
He lectured for quite a long while.
type:
example
text:
It’s a long while since anyone lived there, so it’s a ruin now.
type:
example
text:
Do the good that's nearest Though it's dull at whiles.
ref:
1857, Charles Kingsley, [Letters and Memories]
type:
quotation
text:
There are whiles […] when ye are altogether too canny and Whiggish to be company for a gentleman like me.
ref:
1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 22, in Kidnapped, page 158
type:
quotation
text:
Things were pretty dark for a while — several whiles, actually.
ref:
2017, Anne Thériault, “The Monster Book of Questions and Answers”, in Kelly Jensen, editor, Here We Are: Feminism for the Real World, Algonquin Young Readers, page 27
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.
an uncertain long period of time
An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.
an uncertain short moment
An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.
senses_topics:
|
6133 | word:
while
word_type:
conj
expansion:
while
forms:
wikipedia:
while
etymology_text:
From Middle English whyle, from Old English hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).
senses_examples:
text:
He was sleeping while I was singing.
type:
example
text:
Driving while intoxicated is against the law.
type:
example
text:
While De Anza was exploring the Bay of San Francisco, seeking a site for the presidio, the American colonists on the eastern seaboard, three thousand miles away, were celebrating the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
ref:
1948, Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico / The Spanish-Speaking People of The United States, J. B. Lippincott Company, page 25
type:
quotation
text:
Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
ref:
2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36
type:
quotation
text:
This case, while interesting, is a bit frustrating.
type:
example
text:
While I would love to help, I am very busy at the moment.
type:
example
text:
While Britain’s recession has been deep and unforgiving, in London it has been relatively shallow.
ref:
2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 2013-09-28
type:
quotation
text:
I'll wait while you've finished painting.
type:
example
text:
To dark is still used in Swaledale (Yorkshire) in the sense of to lie hid, as, 'Te rattens [rats] mun ha bin darkin whel nu [till now]; we hannot heerd tem tis last fortnith'.
ref:
1873, Richard Morris, Walter William Skeat, “Glossarial Index”, in Specimens of Early English, volumes II: From Robert of Gloucester to Gower, A.D. 1298—A.D. 1393, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 490
type:
quotation
text:
While you're at school you may live at home.
type:
example
text:
He was detained for four hours at the store yesterday. His crime? Shopping while black.
type:
example
text:
Ms. Syed, along with many of her American Muslim friends and Islamic-rights advocates, is all too familiar with what many refer to as the stigma of traveling while Muslim.
ref:
2016 November 7, Michael T. Luongo, “Traveling While Muslim Complicates Air Travel”, in The New York Times
type:
quotation
text:
He added that the case took an emotional toll and left him humiliated by the accusations when, in fact, all he had been doing was "gardening while black".
ref:
2019 March 8, Tom Perkins, “'Gardening while black': lawsuit targets white accusers over 'outrageous' claims”, in The Guardian
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
During the same time that.
Although.
Until.
As long as.
Used to denote a person experiencing racial profiling when performing a seemingly benign activity.
senses_topics:
media |
6134 | word:
while
word_type:
prep
expansion:
while
forms:
wikipedia:
while
etymology_text:
From Middle English whyle, from Old English hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Until.
senses_topics:
|
6135 | word:
while
word_type:
verb
expansion:
while (third-person singular simple present whiles, present participle whiling, simple past and past participle whiled)
forms:
form:
whiles
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
whiling
tags:
participle
present
form:
whiled
tags:
participle
past
form:
whiled
tags:
past
wikipedia:
while
etymology_text:
From Middle English whyle, from Old English hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).
senses_examples:
text:
I whiled away the hours whilst waiting for him to arrive
type:
example
text:
Some were whiling the time by admiring the figures on the cloth of tissue.
ref:
1839, Robert Folkestone Williams, The Youth of Shakespeare, page 184
type:
quotation
text:
As if she was just whiling her time with them until his arrival.
ref:
2018, Shukla Lal, Floating Logs
type:
quotation
text:
They whiled them with such answere as suted to their purposes, and long adoe was made in weaving and unweaving Penelopes web, till the Spanish Armada was upon the Coast, and the very Ordnance proclaimed in their eares a surcease from further illusions.
ref:
1588, Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes
type:
quotation
text:
He sat her on the corner of the carpenter's bench, and parried or diverted her questions about her father, and the desirability of wakening him by handing her the long curled shavings; and when these palled, he whiled her on by the impossible task of teaching him her version of the 'Three Golden Balls' a blank-verse poem, but rhythmically intoned, which he had taught her.
ref:
1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 130
type:
quotation
text:
In other worlds I whiled me now Through many a dark night long.
ref:
2010, Dr Rudolf Steiner, Truth-Wrought-Words
type:
quotation
text:
Like a good father, he whiled him with stories about the past of his nation and discussed in detail the intricacies of his profession, teaching the child secrets of the craft that had been passed from generation to generation.
ref:
2018, Michael Joyce, Yada
type:
quotation
text:
The tedious hours whiled slowly on, 'till the succeeding afternoon, when the expected carriage made its appearance much sooner than they had promised themselves.
ref:
1764, Mrs. Gunning (Susannah), Family Pictures, a Novel. Containing Curious and Interesting Memoirs of Several Persons of Fashion in W-----re, page 115
type:
quotation
text:
Years whiled. He aged, sank, sickened; and was not: / And it was said, 'A man intractable / And curst is gone.'
ref:
1901, Thomas Hardy, “A Man”, in Poems of the Past and the Present
type:
quotation
text:
There it lies before me sparkling in the sun, whiling me as it often does from my pen or book to gaze upon its loveliness.
ref:
1842, “Letters from Italy: No. 1 —Nice”, in The Dublin University Magazine, volume 19, page 47
type:
quotation
text:
Perhaps the coziness of his seat, and the absence of the sun's rays from the side of the house where he was seated, had some agency in whiling him into a delicious sleep;
ref:
1860, The Knickerbacker - Volume 56, page 593
type:
quotation
text:
Upon the shelf before me stands, The Book that lured to distant Lands, That prompt my boyish wish to roam, And whiled me from my childhood's home.
ref:
1880, Ann Bagwill Cuming, Night Thoughts and Day Dreams, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
“Do not let us go near them," he says in a cajoling, low voice to Bertha, whiling her away into the sun and the flowers;
ref:
1900, Christian Work: Illustrated Family Newspaper - Volume 68, page 38
type:
quotation
text:
He whiled him on to speak farther; but the same cloud was still upon Sir Henry Dacre's mind.
ref:
2020, George Payne Rainsford James, Agincourt: A Romance
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To pass (time) idly.
To occupy or entertain (someone) in order to let time pass.
To elapse, to pass.
Alternative spelling or misspelling of wile.
senses_topics:
|
6136 | word:
laid
word_type:
verb
expansion:
laid
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of lay
senses_topics:
|
6137 | word:
laid
word_type:
adj
expansion:
laid (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Marked with parallel lines, as if ribbed, from wires in the mould.
senses_topics:
|
6138 | word:
polygamy
word_type:
noun
expansion:
polygamy (countable and uncountable, plural polygamies)
forms:
form:
polygamies
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Recorded since 1591, from Late Latin polygamia, from Ancient Greek πολυγαμία (polugamía), itself from πολύγαμος (polúgamos, “married to many”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + γάμος (gámos, “marriage”). Relates to modern prefix and suffix poly- + -gamy.
senses_examples:
text:
Are there countries where polygamy is legal for both men and women?
type:
example
text:
Miss Griffin was a model of propriety, and I am at a loss to imagine what the feelings of the virtuous woman would have been, if she had known, when she paraded us down the Hampstead Road two and two, that she was walking with a stately step at the head of Polygamy and Mahomedanism.
ref:
1859, Charles Dickens, The Haunted House
type:
quotation
text:
Though Islam allows polygamy, it is frowned upon in many contemporary Muslim societies.
type:
example
text:
Because Mormon polygamy was an unusual family form in nineteenth-century America […]
ref:
1991, Kathryn M Daynes, Plural wives and the nineteenth-century Mormon marriage system, page 16
type:
quotation
text:
An insect queen actually practices polygamy only one day, while for an alpha-male defending his harem is the very essence of both his status and polygamy.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The condition of having more than one spouse or marriage partner at one time.
Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”)
The state or habit of having more than one sexual mate.
The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.
senses_topics:
biology
natural-sciences
zoology
biology
botany
natural-sciences |
6139 | word:
imply
word_type:
verb
expansion:
imply (third-person singular simple present implies, present participle implying, simple past and past participle implied)
forms:
form:
implies
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
implying
tags:
participle
present
form:
implied
tags:
participle
past
form:
implied
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
imply
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English implien, emplien, borrowed from Old French emplier, from Latin implicare (“to infold, involve”), from in (“in”) + plicare (“to fold”). Doublet of employ and implicate.
senses_examples:
text:
Correlation does not imply causation
type:
example
text:
The proposition that "all dogs are mammals" implies that my dog is a mammal.
type:
example
text:
When I state that your dog is brown, I am not implying that all dogs are brown.
type:
example
text:
What do you mean "we need to be more careful with hygiene"? Are you implying that I don't wash my hands?
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
to have as a necessary consequence
to suggest by logical inference
to hint; to insinuate; to suggest tacitly and avoid a direct statement
to enfold, entangle.
senses_topics:
|
6140 | word:
misunderstand
word_type:
verb
expansion:
misunderstand (third-person singular simple present misunderstands, present participle misunderstanding, simple past and past participle misunderstood)
forms:
form:
misunderstands
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
misunderstanding
tags:
participle
present
form:
misunderstood
tags:
participle
past
form:
misunderstood
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From mis- + understand.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To understand incorrectly, while believing one has understood correctly.
senses_topics:
|
6141 | word:
inflect
word_type:
verb
expansion:
inflect (third-person singular simple present inflects, present participle inflecting, simple past and past participle inflected)
forms:
form:
inflects
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
inflecting
tags:
participle
present
form:
inflected
tags:
participle
past
form:
inflected
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin īnflectō, from in- (“in”) + flectō (“I bend”).
senses_examples:
text:
The actress has a great skill of being able to inflect her voice to any situation.
type:
example
text:
In Latin, adjectives and nouns inflect a lot, but inflection is minimally found in Modern English.
type:
example
text:
No other poet has inflected me in style as much as Milton.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To cause to curve inwards.
To change the tone or pitch of the voice when speaking or singing.
To vary the form of a word to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc.
To be varied in the form to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc.
To influence in style.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
music
grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
|
6142 | word:
diction
word_type:
noun
expansion:
diction (countable and uncountable, plural dictions)
forms:
form:
dictions
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From late Middle English diccion (“something said; a word or phrase”) (an obsolete sense in Modern English), borrowed directly from Latin dictiō (“a saying, speaking, uttering”) or from Old French dicïon (“word”) (Anglo-Norman dictyoun), from Late Latin dictiō (“word”), both from dīcō (“to say, to talk”) + -tiō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, to point out”).
The modern senses of “choice and use of words” and “clarity of word choice” were likely influenced by additional senses of dictiō.
senses_examples:
text:
His poor diction meant that most of the audience didn't really understand the key points of the presentation.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication.
The effectiveness and degree of clarity of word choice and expression.
Enunciation, pronunciation.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
theater |
6143 | word:
found
word_type:
verb
expansion:
found
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See find.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of find
senses_topics:
|
6144 | word:
found
word_type:
noun
expansion:
found (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
See find.
senses_examples:
text:
I'll only give you the usual payment—say five hundred dollars a year, and found." / "And—what?" / "Found—that is, board, you know, and clothing, of course, also.
ref:
1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009
type:
quotation
text:
He moves north through small settlements and farms, working for day wages and found.
ref:
1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 5
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Food and lodging; board.
senses_topics:
|
6145 | word:
found
word_type:
verb
expansion:
found (third-person singular simple present founds, present participle founding, simple past and past participle founded)
forms:
form:
founds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
founding
tags:
participle
present
form:
founded
tags:
participle
past
form:
founded
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
found
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English founden, from Old French founder (Modern French: fonder), from Latin fundāre. Compare fund.
senses_examples:
text:
[…] That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh. Her own father recognised it when he bereft her of all power in the great business he founded. …
ref:
1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad
type:
quotation
text:
[…] being now out of print, I shall use the freedom to give an extract from it, and in an Appendix to this Pamphlet (No. II.), republish one of the Tables that Author refers to, which will shew the facts he founded his reasoning upon, and the nature of the deductions which were the result of his researches.
ref:
1827, [Alexander] Dirom, Remarks on Free Trade, and on the State of the British Empire, Edinburgh: […] Cadell & Co., […], Edinburgh; and Longman, Rees, & Co., London, page 36
type:
quotation
text:
His Heir of Line in 1785 claimed the Dignity of Lord Spynie, founding the claim upon the Charter of 1590, but it being certain that a Dignity of the Peerage of Scotland could not, at least in the reign of James the Sixth, be granted by a Charter making no reference to a Seat in Parliament or the Dignity of a Lord of Parliament, Counsel abandoned the claim under the Charter and insisted that the other evidence sufficiently supported the claim of the Heir of Line.
ref:
1867, In the House of Lords. Supplemental Case on Behalf of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, on His Claim to the Dignity of Lord Kinloss in the Peerage of Scotland., page 13
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To start (an institution or organization).
To begin building.
To use as a foundation; to base.
senses_topics:
|
6146 | word:
found
word_type:
verb
expansion:
found (third-person singular simple present founds, present participle founding, simple past and past participle founded)
forms:
form:
founds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
founding
tags:
participle
present
form:
founded
tags:
participle
past
form:
founded
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English founden, from Old French fondre, from Latin fundere. Cognate with Spanish fundir and hundir, and French fondre.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To melt, especially of metal or glass in an industrial setting.
To form by melting a metal and pouring it into a mould; to cast.
senses_topics:
|
6147 | word:
found
word_type:
noun
expansion:
found (plural not attested)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English founden, from Old French fondre, from Latin fundere. Cognate with Spanish fundir and hundir, and French fondre.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The period of time when a furnace is at its hottest; the interval in which the furnace is meant to fully melt glass.
senses_topics:
arts
crafts
glassblowing
hobbies
lifestyle |
6148 | word:
found
word_type:
noun
expansion:
found (plural founds)
forms:
form:
founds
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A thin, single-cut file for comb-makers.
senses_topics:
|
6149 | word:
twaddle
word_type:
noun
expansion:
twaddle (countable and uncountable, plural twaddles)
forms:
form:
twaddles
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
An alteration of twattle (1556), of unknown origin.
senses_examples:
text:
You're talking a load of twaddle. Get your facts straight, man!
type:
example
text:
"What ineffable twaddle!" I cried, slapping the magazine down on the table; "I never read such rubbish in my life."
ref:
1886, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Science of Deduction”, in A Study in Scarlet (Beeton's Christmas Annual; 28th season), London; New York, N.Y.: Ward Lock & Co., November 1887, →OCLC; republished as A Study in Scarlet. A Detective Story, new edition, London: Ward, Lock, Bowden, and Co., 1892, →OCLC, page 28
text:
I would rather be rude than to listen to twaddle from a man I’ve known.
ref:
1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part II, XX [Uniform ed., p. 203]
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Empty or silly idle talk or writing; nonsense, rubbish.
One who twaddles; a twaddler.
senses_topics:
|
6150 | word:
twaddle
word_type:
verb
expansion:
twaddle (third-person singular simple present twaddles, present participle twaddling, simple past and past participle twaddled)
forms:
form:
twaddles
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
twaddling
tags:
participle
present
form:
twaddled
tags:
participle
past
form:
twaddled
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
An alteration of twattle (1556), of unknown origin.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To talk or write nonsense; to prattle.
senses_topics:
|
6151 | word:
forbid
word_type:
verb
expansion:
forbid (third-person singular simple present forbids, present participle forbidding, simple past forbade or forbad or forbid, past participle forbidden)
forms:
form:
forbids
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
forbidding
tags:
participle
present
form:
forbade
tags:
past
form:
forbad
tags:
past
form:
forbid
tags:
past
form:
forbidden
tags:
participle
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English forbeden, from Old English forbēodan (“to forbid, prohibit, restrain, refuse, repeal, annul”), from Proto-Germanic *furibeudaną, from *furi + *beudaną. Equivalent to for- (“from, away”) + bid (“to offer, proclaim”). Cognate with Dutch verbieden (“to forbid”), German verbieten (“to forbid”), Danish forbyde (“to forbid”),
Norwegian Bokmål forby (“to forbid”), Swedish förbjuda (“to forbid”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurbiudan). Related to forbode.
senses_examples:
text:
Smoking in the restaurant is forbidden.
type:
example
text:
An impassable river forbids the approach of the army.
type:
example
text:
What part of "no" do you forbid to understand?
type:
example
text:
So there is a resemblance between the partie that here gives licence to come to the tree of life, and the other that forbid to come to it. The one threatned with a sword; the other promiseth to the persons that keep the condition here expressed
ref:
1598, Lancelot Andrewes, sermon preached in the Parish Church of St. Giles without Cripplegate, London
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To disallow; to proscribe.
To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command.
To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command.
To accurse; to blast.
To defy; to challenge.
senses_topics:
|
6152 | word:
misunderstood
word_type:
verb
expansion:
misunderstood
forms:
wikipedia:
misunderstood
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of misunderstand
senses_topics:
|
6153 | word:
misunderstood
word_type:
adj
expansion:
misunderstood (comparative more misunderstood, superlative most misunderstood)
forms:
form:
more misunderstood
tags:
comparative
form:
most misunderstood
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
misunderstood
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
a misunderstood message
type:
example
text:
Near-synonym: underappreciated
text:
a misunderstood loner who turned to a life of crime
type:
example
text:
a misunderstood genius
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not comprehended correctly.
Not viewed with sympathy and understanding.
senses_topics:
|
6154 | word:
dodo
word_type:
noun
expansion:
dodo (plural dodoes or dodos)
forms:
form:
dodoes
tags:
plural
form:
dodos
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
dodo
etymology_text:
Uncertain. Perhaps from obsolete Portuguese doudo (“fool, simpleton, silly, stupid”) or Dutch dodaars. First attested in the 17th century.
senses_examples:
text:
Within a very few years after these islands shall have become regularly settled, in all probability this fox will be classed with the dodo, as an animal which has perished from the face of the earth.
ref:
1839, Charles Darwin, chapter IX, in The Voyage of the Beagle
type:
quotation
text:
"Most of the aces weren't on holes I would have liked to have made them on," confessed Colk, who dropped his fifth dodo of 1935 on December 29, which was believed at the time to be a record for most aces in a year.
ref:
2012, Arv Olson, Backspin: 120 Years of Golf in British Columbia, page 253
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A large, flightless bird, †Raphus cucullatus, related to the pigeon, that is now extinct (since the 1600s) and was native to Mauritius.
A person or organisation which is very old or has very old-fashioned views or is not willing to change and adapt.
A hole in one.
senses_topics:
golf
hobbies
lifestyle
sports |
6155 | word:
dodo
word_type:
noun
expansion:
dodo (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
dodo
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Yoruba dòdò (“fried plantain”).
senses_examples:
text:
Dodo is everybody's favorite! It is a superb snack, a side dish, a breakfast food or a dessert all rolled into one. The best dodo is made from soft (almost over ripe) plantain which is cut in 1/2 inch thick diagonal slices and fried to a crispy golden brown.
ref:
2015, Kemi Quinn, African Dishes Made Easy
type:
quotation
text:
Mother had banned it a year or so earlier after Obembe and I stole pieces from Mother's cooler, and lied that we'd seen rats eating the dodos.
ref:
2015, Chigozie Obioma, The Fishermen: A Novel
type:
quotation
text:
One popular Nigerian dish is fried plantain, which is called “dodo.”
ref:
2018, Remmi Smith, The Healthy Teen Cookbook: Around the World In 80 Fantastic Recipes
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Fried plantain.
senses_topics:
|
6156 | word:
tundra
word_type:
noun
expansion:
tundra (countable and uncountable, plural tundras)
forms:
form:
tundras
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A flat and treeless Arctic biome.
senses_topics:
|
6157 | word:
linguistic
word_type:
adj
expansion:
linguistic (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Borrowed from German linguistisch, equivalent to linguist + -ic. Compare linguistics. Ultimately from Latin lingua (“tongue, language”). Attested in English since 1825.
senses_examples:
text:
Along with the Hebrew language, the grammatical knowledge of which was greatly advanced by him, he now devoted himself to the study of a variety of languages[…] In the year 1800 he was invited to go to Halle as an ordinary professor of theology and Oriental literature. Without giving up his linguistic studies, he now devoted considerable time to the critical examination of the early books of the Old Testament,
ref:
1848, George Long, “Vater, Johan Severin”, in The Penny Cyclopædia, volume 26, page 152
type:
quotation
text:
Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths.
ref:
2013 June 14, Sam Leith, “Where the profound meets the profane”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 37
type:
quotation
text:
We have argued that the ability to make judgments about well-formedness and structure holds at all four major linguistic levels — Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics.
ref:
1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 50
type:
quotation
text:
The message is that we need language features that deal with schematic and linguistic discrepancies.
ref:
1993, Dimitris N. Chorafas, Manufacturing Databases and Computer Integrated Systems, CRC Press, page 114
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Of or relating to language.
Of or relating to linguistics.
Relating to a computer language.
senses_topics:
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences |
6158 | word:
gerund
word_type:
noun
expansion:
gerund (plural gerunds)
forms:
form:
gerunds
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin gerundium, from gerendus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).
senses_examples:
text:
Compounds in which gerunds are the second element look exactly like compounds in which present participles are the second element, but different principles of hyphenation apply.
ref:
1991, Edward Johnson, The Handbook of Good English, page 208
type:
quotation
text:
Like any noun, the gerund functions as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative. The gerund phrase is made up of the present participle ("-ing") and can contain an object and/or a modifier (and sometimes many modifiers). The gerund is a verbal noun.
ref:
2002, Dan Mulvey, Grammar the Easy Way, page 25
type:
quotation
text:
Gerunds and gerund phrases are always nouns, so they are always predicate nominatives when used as complements. Do be careful to distinguish progressive-tense verbs from gerunds used as subjective complements.
ref:
2005, Gary Lutz, Diane Stevenson, The Writer's Digest Grammar Desk Reference, page 55
type:
quotation
text:
The Spanish gerund is quite unlike the English -ing form (‘walking’, ‘replying’, ‘saying’, etc.), which can function as a gerund, a present participle, a noun or an adjective; and it is also unlike the French form ending in -ant, which covers the functions of both the Spanish gerund and the adjectival form in -ante, -(i)ente discussed at 19.4.
ref:
2013, John Butt, Carmen Benjamin, A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish, Kindle edition, Routledge
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. (In English, a gerund has the same spelling as a present participle, but functions differently; however, this distinction may be ambiguous or unclear and so is no longer made in some modern texts such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)
In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense. These constructions have various names besides gerund, depending on the language, such as conjunctive participles, active participles, adverbial participles, transgressives, etc.
senses_topics:
grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences |
6159 | word:
part of speech
word_type:
noun
expansion:
part of speech (plural parts of speech)
forms:
form:
parts of speech
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English parte of spech, a calque of Latin pars ōrātiōnis.
senses_examples:
text:
PARTS OF SPEECH. There are ten parts of speech, viz. Article, Substantive or Noun, Adjective, Numeral, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection.
ref:
1828, Charles Follen, A Practical Grammar of the German Language, Boston, page 9
type:
quotation
text:
322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
ref:
1844, E. A. Andrews, First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, 6th edition, Boston, page 91
type:
quotation
text:
One group of substantives, the gerunds (scolding), belongs to a form-class with infinitives and with other verb-forms, in serving as head for certain types of modifiers, such as a goal (scolding the boys). For this reason a system of parts of speech in a language like English cannot be set up in any fully satisfactory way: our list of parts of speech will depend upon which functions we take to be the most important.
ref:
1933, Leonard Bloomfield, Language, page 269
type:
quotation
text:
The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]
ref:
2008 (1894), B. L. Gildersleeve & G. Lodge, Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar, third edition, reprint by Dover, p.9
text:
Following this, coding was added to delineate multiple senses within entries and nested terms within entries; then part of speech labels were added for every sense[.]
ref:
2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 489
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.
senses_topics:
grammar
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences |
6160 | word:
experience
word_type:
noun
expansion:
experience (countable and uncountable, plural experiences)
forms:
form:
experiences
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English experience, from Old French, from Latin experientia (“a trial, proof, experiment, experimental knowledge, experience”), from experiens, present participle of experiri (“to try, put to the test, undertake, undergo”), from ex (“out”) + peritus (“experienced, expert”), past participle of *periri (“to go through”); see expert and peril. Displaced native Old English āfandung (“experience”) and āfandian (“to experience”).
senses_examples:
text:
It was an experience he would not soon forget.
type:
example
text:
March 20, 1684-5, John Sharp, Sermon preached at Whitehall
Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching, had no experience of it.
text:
I have tried, as I hinted, to enlist the co-operation of other capitalists, but experience has taught me that any appeal is futile that does not impinge directly upon cupidity. […]
ref:
1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad
type:
quotation
text:
In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.
ref:
2013 June 7, Ed Pilkington, “‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 6
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering.
An activity one has performed.
A collection of events and/or activities from which an individual or group may gather knowledge, opinions, and skills.
The knowledge thus gathered.
Trial; a test or experiment.
senses_topics:
|
6161 | word:
experience
word_type:
verb
expansion:
experience (third-person singular simple present experiences, present participle experiencing, simple past and past participle experienced)
forms:
form:
experiences
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
experiencing
tags:
participle
present
form:
experienced
tags:
participle
past
form:
experienced
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English experience, from Old French, from Latin experientia (“a trial, proof, experiment, experimental knowledge, experience”), from experiens, present participle of experiri (“to try, put to the test, undertake, undergo”), from ex (“out”) + peritus (“experienced, expert”), past participle of *periri (“to go through”); see expert and peril. Displaced native Old English āfandung (“experience”) and āfandian (“to experience”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To observe certain events; undergo a certain feeling or process; or perform certain actions that may alter one or contribute to one's knowledge, opinions, or skills.
senses_topics:
|
6162 | word:
handiwork
word_type:
noun
expansion:
handiwork (usually uncountable, plural handiworks)
forms:
form:
handiworks
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English hondywerk, handiwerc, from Old English handġeweorc (“work done by hand, creation”), from hand (“hand”) + ġeweorc (“work”), equal to hand + work. Compare Saterland Frisian Hondwierk, Dutch handwerk, German Handwerk.
senses_examples:
text:
The Museum of Popular Arts showcases Portugal's finest handiworks.
type:
example
text:
The firmament showeth his handiwork.
ref:
1901, Bible (American Standard) - Psalms 19:1
text:
Brunel's associations with the area have left a few examples of his handiwork or teaching in South Wales.
ref:
1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in Railway Magazine, page 163
type:
quotation
text:
As a primary architect of the draft Constitution that emerged from Philadelphia in 1787, Madison substantially bore the burden of defending his handiwork in his home state.
ref:
2004 Fall, Laurence Claus, “The Antidiscrimination Eighth Amendment”, in Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, volume 28, number 1, pages 119–168
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Work done by the hands.
A handmade object; a handicraft.
Work done personally.
The result of personal efforts.
senses_topics:
|
6163 | word:
against
word_type:
prep
expansion:
against
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Formed from Middle English ayenes, agenes, againes (“in opposition to”), a southern variant of agen, or directly from again, either way with adverbial genitive singular ending -es; the parasitic -t was added circa 1350, probably by confusion with the superlative ending -est. By surface analysis, again + -st (excrescent ending).
senses_examples:
text:
It is hard work to swim against the current.
type:
example
text:
The rain pounds against the window.
type:
example
text:
Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.
ref:
1922, Michael Arlen, “3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days
type:
quotation
text:
The ladder was leaning against the wall.
type:
example
text:
The puppy rested its head against a paw.
type:
example
text:
The kennel was put against the back wall.
type:
example
text:
A row of trees stood against a fence.
type:
example
text:
The giant was silhouetted against the door.
type:
example
text:
He stands out against his classmates.
type:
example
text:
This report sets out the risks against the benefits.
type:
example
text:
The Tigers will play against the Bears this weekend.
type:
example
text:
The breakthrough came through Torres who, pilloried for his miss against Manchester United a week earlier, scored his second goal of the season.
ref:
2011 September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”, in BBC Sport
type:
quotation
text:
Doing this is against my principles.
type:
example
text:
It is against the law to smoke on these premises.
type:
example
text:
There was no car in sight so we crossed against the red light.
type:
example
text:
Are you against freedom of choice?
type:
example
text:
He waged a ten-year campaign against the company that was polluting the river.
type:
example
text:
I'd bet against his succeeding.
type:
example
text:
(with implied object) Ten voted for, and three voted against.
text:
Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation,[…]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.
ref:
2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3
type:
quotation
text:
That horse is fifty-to-one against, so it has virtually no chance of winning.
type:
example
text:
The vouchers are redeemable against West End shows and theatre breaks.
type:
example
text:
Tax is levied against income from sales.
type:
example
text:
He turned the umbrella against the wind.
type:
example
text:
Monoclonal antibodies were raised against these proteins: IN-1 and IN-2 bound both to the 35 kd and 250 kd inhibitors and to the surface of differentiated cultured oligodendrocytes.
ref:
1988 March 1, Pico Caroni with Martin E. Schwab, “Antibody against myelin associated inhibitor of neurite growth neutralizes nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS white matter”, in Neuron, →DOI, page 85
type:
quotation
text:
The stores are kept well stocked against a time of need.
type:
example
text:
Rod, who always distrusted such methods, was forced to accept the new way but had begun to stash away large amounts of cash against the day that the system might be sabotaged or failed entirely.
ref:
2003, Rodger J. Bille, A Few of the Chosen: Survivors of Terrorism, Trafford Publishing, page 8
type:
quotation
text:
The studio weren't sure the movie would ever get made, so they only paid $50,000 against $200,000. That way they wouldn't be out very much if filming never began.
type:
example
text:
“Hollywood noises” yielded an early $35,000 option against $100,000 if the movie was made.
ref:
2011, Charles Foran, Mordecai: The Life & Times
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
In a contrary direction to.
In physical opposition to; in collision with.
In physical contact with, so as to abut or be supported by.
Close to, alongside.
In front of; before (a background).
In contrast or comparison with.
In competition with, versus.
Contrary to; in conflict with.
In opposition to.
Of betting odds, denoting a worse-than-even chance.
In exchange for.
As counterbalance to.
As a charge on.
As protection from.
In anticipation of; in preparation for (a particular time, event etc.).
To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.
Exposed to.
senses_topics:
|
6164 | word:
against
word_type:
conj
expansion:
against
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Formed from Middle English ayenes, agenes, againes (“in opposition to”), a southern variant of agen, or directly from again, either way with adverbial genitive singular ending -es; the parasitic -t was added circa 1350, probably by confusion with the superlative ending -est. By surface analysis, again + -st (excrescent ending).
senses_examples:
text:
He now gave Mrs Deborah positive orders to take the child to her own bed, and to call up a maid-servant to provide it pap, and other things, against it waked.
ref:
1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 6
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
By the time that (something happened); before.
senses_topics:
|
6165 | word:
distance
word_type:
noun
expansion:
distance (countable and uncountable, plural distances)
forms:
form:
distances
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia
senses_examples:
text:
From a distance, you look like my friend / Even though we are at war / From a distance, I just cannot comprehend / What all this fighting's for // […] // God is watching us / From a distance
ref:
1985 (date written), Julie Gold (lyrics and music), “From a Distance”, in Lone Star State of Mind, performed by Nanci Griffith, Universal City, Calif.: MCA Records, published 1987, →OCLC
type:
quotation
text:
angular distance focal distance
type:
example
text:
The distance between the lowest and next gear on my bicycle is annoying.
type:
example
text:
IT is a remarkable fact in the hiſtory of ſcience, that the oldeſt book of Elementary Geometry is ſtill conſidered as the beſt, and that the vvritings of Euclid, at the diſtance of tvvo thouſand years, continue to form the moſt approved introduction to the mathematical ſciences.
ref:
1795, John Playfair, “Preface”, in Elements of Geometry; Containing the First Six Books of Euclid, with Two Books on the Geometry of Solids. […], Edinburgh: […] Bell & Bradfute, and G[eorge] G[eorge] & J[ohn] Robinson, […], →OCLC, page iii
type:
quotation
text:
The friendship did not survive the row: they kept each other at a distance.
type:
example
text:
The distance to Petersborough is thirty miles.
type:
example
text:
From Moscow, the distance is relatively short to Saint Petersburg, relatively long to Novosibirsk, but even greater to Vladivostok.
type:
example
text:
He had promised to perform this task, but did not go the distance.
type:
example
text:
the distance between a descendant and their ancestor
type:
example
text:
We’re narrowing the distance between the two versions of the bill.
type:
example
text:
(state of not being close):
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
Chiefly in by a distance: a space of more than 30 lengths (about 80 yards or 7.3 metres) between two racehorses finishing a race, used to describe the margin of victory; also (archaic), any space of 240 yards (about 219.5 metres) on a racecourse.
Chiefly in from a distance: a place which is far away or remote; specifically (especially painting), a more remote part of a landscape or view as contrasted with the foreground.
Chiefly with a modifying word: a measure between two points or quantities; a difference, a variance.
An interval or length of time between events.
A separation in some way other than space or time.
Synonym of length (“an extent measured along the longest dimension of an object”)
A disagreement, a dispute; also, an estrangement.
A difference in pitch between sounds; an interval.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
The maximum amount of space between a boxer and their opponent within which the boxer can punch effectively.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
Often in go the distance, last the distance, or stay the distance: the scheduled duration of a bout.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
The amount of space between a fencer and their opponent, which the fencer tries to control in order to gain an advantage over the opponent.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
Originally, the space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; also, the point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; now, the point on a racecourse 240 yards from the winning post.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
The amount of space between soldiers or cavalry riders marching or standing in a rank; also, the amount of space between such ranks.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
The complete length of a course over which a race is run.
The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.
Chiefly preceded by the, especially in into or in the distance: the place that is far away or remote.
The state of being separated from something else, especially by a long way; the state of being far off or remote; farness, remoteness.
The entire amount of progress to an objective.
The state of remoteness or separation in some way other than space or time.
The state of people not being close, friendly, or intimate with each other; also, the state of people who were once close, friendly, or intimate with each other no longer being so; estrangement.
Excessive reserve or lack of friendliness shown by a person; aloofness, coldness.
The rank to which an important person belongs.
The state of disagreement or dispute between people; dissension.
Often followed by to or towards: an attitude of remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence, ceremoniousness.
senses_topics:
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
entertainment
lifestyle
music
boxing
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
boxing
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
fencing
government
hobbies
lifestyle
martial-arts
military
politics
sports
war
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
government
military
politics
war
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
|
6166 | word:
distance
word_type:
verb
expansion:
distance (third-person singular simple present distances, present participle distancing, simple past and past participle distanced)
forms:
form:
distances
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
distancing
tags:
participle
present
form:
distanced
tags:
participle
past
form:
distanced
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
distance
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia
senses_examples:
text:
He distanced himself from the comments made by some of his colleagues.
type:
example
text:
[S]ince the Church hath, and ought to have a Government, it muſt not only be inoffenſive, but moſt proper, to call it an Hierarchy, or holy Government; […] Beſides, [John] Calvin admitting of ſacrum regimen [holy government], over nicely diſtanceth himſelf from thoſe vvho call it Hierarchy, for he ſaith the ſame in Latin, vvhich they do in Greek; […]
ref:
1662, Daniel Burston, ΈΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΗΣ ἐτι ΈΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ [ÉUAGGELISTES eti ÉUAGGELIZOMENOS] or, The Evangelist yet Evangelizing. […], Dublin: […] John Crook, […], and are to be sold by Samuel Dancer, […], →OCLC, page 41
type:
quotation
text:
[H]e'd built his life around an independence he'd cultivated as far back as he could remember. Distancing himself from his own family and the heavy legacy of his birth. Distancing himself from painful memories. Distancing himself from emotional entanglements or investment, which could only lead to unbearable heartbreak.
ref:
2017, Abby Green, “Prologue”, in A Christmas Bride for the King, London: Mills & Boon, page 7
type:
quotation
text:
But Gisby distances himself from calling TPE an inter-city operator.
ref:
2023 November 1, Philip Haigh, “TPE Must Choose the Right Route to a Brighter Future”, in Rail, number 995, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 57
type:
quotation
text:
[W]e heard the joyous voices sound louder and freer as they distanced the solemn precincts, scattering frolic and music through the town as they separated to their different homes.
ref:
1873, [Elizabeth Charles], chapter VII, in Against the Stream: The Story of an Heroic Age in England […], volume I, London: Strahan & Co. […], →OCLC, page 139
type:
quotation
text:
In the deſign of a Colonnade, or ſingle Columns, the Inter-columns are tvvo diameters, as in the Portico of St. Maria Rotunda at Rome; and this manner of diſtancing the Columns is, by Vitruvius, call'd Syſtylos.
ref:
1715, Giacomo Leoni, “Of the Corinthian Order”, in Nicholas Du Bois, transl., The Architecture of A[ndrea] Palladio; […], London: […] John Watts, for the author, →OCLC, page 30
type:
quotation
text:
When a family member goes outside of the family to deal with a problem, he or she distances from the family. The family therapist offers the family the opportunity to deal with problems in a way that will allow them to deepen their connections with each other. The therapist will not be able to accomplish this goal if various family members go outside the family to resolve their problems.
ref:
1992, David S. Freeman, “The Major Systems Involved in the Family Therapy Process”, in Multigenerational Family Therapy, Binghamton, N.Y.; London: The Haworth Press, page 66
type:
quotation
text:
Also, due to irritability, tension, startle reactions, and feelings of no future love and enjoyment, the partners distance one from another and stop doing things together. […] The therapeutic relationship with PTSD [post-traumatic stress disorder] patients is very difficult at the beginning of the therapy as these patients will not allow the therapist "to come close to them"—for the same reason as they distance from their family members and partners (the therapist cannot understand them as she/he has not experienced the same thing they did and they are not good enough to be helped; they believe they destroy every person they come into contact with).
ref:
2021, Goran Arbanas, “Anxiety and Somatoform Disorders”, in Michal Lew-Starowicz, Annamaria Giraldi, Tillman H. C. Krüger, editors, Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinical Practitioners, Cham, Zug, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, page 272
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Often followed by from: to set (someone or something) at a distance (noun sense 1.1) from someone or something else.
To cause (a place, a thing, etc.) to seem distant, or (figurative) unfamiliar.
To leave behind (someone or something moving in the same direction; specifically, other competitors in a race) some distance away; to outpace, to outstrip.
To keep (someone) emotionally or socially apart from another person or people.
To exceed or surpass (someone, such as a peer or rival); to outdo, to outstrip.
To keep (oneself) away from someone or something, especially because one does not want to be associated with that person or thing.
Of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; also (passive voice), to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance.
To cover the entire distance to (something).
To depart from (a place); to leave (a place) behind.
To indicate or measure the distance to (a place).
To set (two or more things) at regular distances from each other; to space, to space out.
Often followed by from.
To set oneself at a distance from someone or something else; to move away from someone or something.
Often followed by from.
To keep oneself emotionally or socially apart from another person or people; to keep one's distance.
senses_topics:
hobbies
horse-racing
horseracing
horses
lifestyle
pets
racing
sports
|
6167 | word:
so
word_type:
conj
expansion:
so
forms:
wikipedia:
so
etymology_text:
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Low German so (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so, Swedish så ("so, such that"), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
senses_examples:
text:
I got an earlier train to work so I'd have plenty of time to prepare for the meeting.
type:
example
text:
Eat your broccoli so you can have dessert.
type:
example
text:
I was hungry, so I asked if there was any more food.
type:
example
text:
He ate too much cake, so he fell ill.
type:
example
text:
He wanted a book, so he went to the library.
type:
example
text:
“I need to go to the bathroom.” ― “So go!”
type:
example
text:
“Where were you born?” ― “So I was born in London.”
text:
So how does this story end?
type:
example
text:
“We'd like to visit but I don't know if we can afford a hotel.” — “So who's staying in a hotel? Stay with us.”
type:
example
text:
I went away very well satisfy’d, not caring where I was sent, so it was but out of his Sight; for he now became more my Aversion than ever.
ref:
1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 111
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose; in order that.
With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
Used as a sentence-starting filler or introductory word with no particular meaning.
Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
Used to introduce a rhetorical question.
Provided that; on condition that; as long as.
senses_topics:
|
6168 | word:
so
word_type:
adv
expansion:
so (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
so
etymology_text:
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Low German so (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so, Swedish så ("so, such that"), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
senses_examples:
text:
It was so hot outside that all the plants died.
type:
example
text:
He was so good, they hired him on the spot.
type:
example
text:
You behaviour so incensed me that I even thought of firing you.
type:
example
text:
Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
ref:
2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845
type:
quotation
text:
I need a piece of cloth so long. [= this long]
type:
example
text:
There are only so many hours in a day.
type:
example
text:
I feel so much better now.
type:
example
text:
I so nearly lost my temper.
type:
example
text:
It’s not so bad. [i.e. it's acceptable]
type:
example
text:
But I so want to see the Queen when she visits our town!
type:
example
text:
I so wanted to be Jess Harley again.
ref:
1989, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #5, Archie Comics
type:
quotation
text:
Yeah! Not eating is so 90’s!
ref:
2003 April 16, Michael Stokes, “I, Dude”, in Totally Spies!, season 2, episode 9, spoken by Clover (Andrea Taylor), Marathon Media, via Teletoon
type:
quotation
text:
That is so not true!
type:
example
text:
Place the napkin on the table just so. If that's what you mean, then say so; (or do so).
type:
example
text:
1963, Mike Hawker, Ivor Raymonde (music and lyrics), Dusty Springfield (vocalist), I Only Want to Be with You (single),
Don′t know what it is that makes me love you so, / I only know I never want to let you go.
text:
Just as you have the right to your free speech, so I have the right to mine. Many people say she's the world's greatest athlete, but I don't think so. "I can count backwards from one hundred." "So can I."
type:
example
text:
‘There're another two.’ ‘So there are.’
type:
example
text:
He wants to eat now. So does she.
type:
example
text:
The work thus done has probably been of the greatest value to the human race; but, just as in other cases it has sometimes happened that the effort to do a certain work has resulted in the end in an unbalanced exaggeration so here.
ref:
1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192
type:
quotation
text:
It was a goal that meant West Ham won on their first appearance at Wembley in 31 years, in doing so becoming the first team since Leicester in 1996 to bounce straight back to the Premier League through the play-offs.
ref:
2012 May 19, Paul Fletcher, “Blackpool 1-2 West Ham”, in BBC Sport
type:
quotation
text:
it's okay to be different
'Cause baby, so am I
ref:
2019, Amanda Koci, Henry Walter, Charlie Puth, Maria Smith, Victor Thellm, Gigi Grombacher, Roland Spreckle (lyrics and music), “So Am I”, performed by Ava Max
type:
quotation
text:
so far as; so long as; so much as
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
To the (implied) extent.
Very (positive or negative clause).
Very much.
Very much.
at all (negative clause).
In a particular manner.
In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; likewise, also.
To such an extent or degree; as.
senses_topics:
|
6169 | word:
so
word_type:
adj
expansion:
so (comparative more so, superlative most so)
forms:
form:
more so
tags:
comparative
form:
most so
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
so
etymology_text:
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Low German so (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so, Swedish så ("so, such that"), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
senses_examples:
text:
That is so.
type:
example
text:
You are responsible for this, is that not so?
type:
example
text:
The details of her own life crowded out everything else; almost every time I saw Min, she had something new to tell me. It sometimes felt as if the laws of the physical world did not apply to her, that she had only to think of something — a job switch, a breakup — to make it so. If I didn’t see her for a while, she might forget to tell me that she had quit a factory or gotten a raise, because in her mind she had already moved on.
ref:
2008, Leslie T. Chang, Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China, New York: Spiegel & Grau, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 73
type:
quotation
text:
If this separation was painful to all parties, it was most so to Martha.
ref:
1823, Andrew Reed, Martha
type:
quotation
text:
But if I had been more fit to be married, I might have made you more so too.
ref:
1872, Charles Dickens, “The Personal History of David Copperfield”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)
type:
quotation
text:
It must be understood that while the nelumbiums are hardy, they are so only as long as the tubers are out of the reach of frost.
ref:
1947, Liberty Hyde Bailey, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
type:
quotation
text:
Is he so?
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
As what was or will be mentioned.
In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.
Homosexual.
senses_topics:
|
6170 | word:
so
word_type:
intj
expansion:
so
forms:
wikipedia:
so
etymology_text:
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Low German so (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so, Swedish så ("so, such that"), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
senses_examples:
text:
So, let's go home.
type:
example
text:
So, what'll you have?
type:
example
text:
So, there was this squirrel stuck in the chimney...
type:
example
text:
So, everyone wants to know – did you win the contest or not?
type:
example
text:
"You park your car in front of my house every morning." — "So?"
type:
example
text:
What are you doing? / So I'm just fixing this shelf.
type:
example
text:
What time does the train leave? / So it leaves at 10 o'clock.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
Be as you are; stand still; used especially to cows; also used by sailors.
senses_topics:
|
6171 | word:
so
word_type:
pron
expansion:
so
forms:
wikipedia:
so
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Abbreviation of someone.
senses_topics:
|
6172 | word:
so
word_type:
noun
expansion:
so (plural sos)
forms:
form:
sos
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Ut queant laxis
so
etymology_text:
Shortened from sol, to make it an open syllable for uniformity with the rest of the scale, from Glover's solmization, from Middle English sol (“fifth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian sol in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin solve (“wash away”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A syllable used in solfège to represent the fifth note of a major scale.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
music |
6173 | word:
so
word_type:
noun
expansion:
so (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
so
etymology_text:
Borrowed from Japanese 蘇 (so).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A type of dairy product, made especially in Japan between the seventh and 10th centuries, by reducing milk by boiling it.
senses_topics:
|
6174 | word:
entertain
word_type:
verb
expansion:
entertain (third-person singular simple present entertains, present participle entertaining, simple past and past participle entertained)
forms:
form:
entertains
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
entertaining
tags:
participle
present
form:
entertained
tags:
participle
past
form:
entertained
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English entertenen, from Middle French entretenir, from Old French entretenir, from entre (“among”) + tenir (“to hold”), from Latin inter + teneō (“hold, keep”). For the noun, compare French entretien.
senses_examples:
text:
to entertain friends with lively conversation
type:
example
text:
The motivational speaker not only instructed but also entertained the audience.
type:
example
text:
They enjoy entertaining a lot.
type:
example
text:
The committee would like to entertain the idea of reducing the budget figures.
type:
example
text:
to entertain a proposal
type:
example
text:
I am not here going to entertain so large a theme as the philosophy of Locke.
ref:
1851, Thomas De Quincey, Literary Reminiscences
type:
quotation
text:
Penalty for entertaining a Deserter
ref:
1860, British Parliament, Naval Discipline Act, page 1069
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
to amuse (someone); to engage the attention of agreeably
to have someone over at one's home for a party or visit
to receive and take into consideration; to have a thought in mind
to take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbour; to keep
to meet or encounter, as an enemy
to lead on; to bring along; to introduce
to help; to assist
senses_topics:
business |
6175 | word:
entertain
word_type:
noun
expansion:
entertain (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English entertenen, from Middle French entretenir, from Old French entretenir, from entre (“among”) + tenir (“to hold”), from Latin inter + teneō (“hold, keep”). For the noun, compare French entretien.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Entertainment; pleasure.
Reception of a guest; welcome.
senses_topics:
|
6176 | word:
ology
word_type:
noun
expansion:
ology (plural ologies)
forms:
form:
ologies
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From the suffix -ology in the names of many sciences.
senses_examples:
text:
Dr Ehrhart protested no country under the sun equalled Portugal for curiosities in mineralogy, theology, and wineology – which ology he was convinced was the best of them all.
ref:
1786, William Beckford, Vathek
type:
quotation
text:
You learnt a great deal, Louisa, and so did your brother. Ologies of all kinds, from morning to night. If there is an Ology left, of any description, that has not been worn to rags...
ref:
1854, Charles Dickens, Hard Times
type:
quotation
text:
An ology! He gets an ology and he says he's failed. You get an ology, you're a scientist!
ref:
1987, British Telecom, Beatrice Bellman advertisement
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Any branch of learning, especially one ending in “-logy”.
senses_topics:
|
6177 | word:
pull the wool over someone's eyes
word_type:
verb
expansion:
pull the wool over someone's eyes (third-person singular simple present pulls the wool over someone's eyes, present participle pulling the wool over someone's eyes, simple past and past participle pulled the wool over someone's eyes)
forms:
form:
pulls the wool over someone's eyes
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
pulling the wool over someone's eyes
tags:
participle
present
form:
pulled the wool over someone's eyes
tags:
participle
past
form:
pulled the wool over someone's eyes
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To deceive someone.
senses_topics:
|
6178 | word:
they
word_type:
pron
expansion:
they (third-person, nominative case, usually plural, sometimes singular, objective case them, possessive their, possessive noun theirs, reflexive themselves, or reflexive singular themself)
forms:
form:
them
tags:
objective
form:
their
tags:
possessive
form:
theirs
tags:
noun
possessive
form:
themselves
tags:
reflexive
form:
themself
tags:
reflexive
singular
wikipedia:
they
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tóy
Proto-Germanic *þai
Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)
Old Norse þeirbor.
Middle English þei
English they
From Middle English þei, borrowed in the 1200s from Old Norse þeir, plural of the demonstrative sá which acted as a plural pronoun. Displaced native Middle English he from Old English hīe — which vowel changes had left indistinct from he (“he”) — by the 1400s, being readily incorporated alongside native words beginning with the same sound (the, that, this). Used as a singular pronoun since 1300, e.g. in the 1325 Cursor Mundi.
The Norse term (whence also Icelandic þeir (“they”), Faroese teir (“they”), Danish de (“they”), Swedish de (“they”), Norwegian Nynorsk dei (“they”)) is from Proto-Germanic *þai (“those”) (from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”)), whence also Old English þā (“those”) (whence obsolete English tho), Scots thae, thai, thay (“they; those”).
The origin of the determiner they (“the, those”) is unclear. The OED, English Dialect Dictionary and Middle English Dictionary define it and its Middle English predecessor thei as a demonstrative determiner or adjective meaning "those" or "the". This could be a continuation of the use of the English pronoun they's Old Norse etymon þeir as a demonstrative meaning "those", but the OED and EDD say it is limited to southern, especially southwestern, England, specifically outside the region of Norse contact.
senses_examples:
text:
Fred and Jane? They just arrived.
type:
example
text:
Dogs may bark if they want to be fed.
type:
example
text:
Plants wilt if they are not watered.
type:
example
text:
I have a car and a truck, but they are both broken.
type:
example
text:
[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.
ref:
1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day
type:
quotation
text:
There is no reason to be scared of iguanas. They do not attack humans.
ref:
2010, Iguana Invasion!: Exotic Pets Gone Wild in Florida, page 9
type:
quotation
text:
Somebody requested a seat at Friday's performance but didn't say if they preferred the balcony or the floor.
type:
example
text:
If someone enters the restricted area, they are required to present identification.
type:
example
text:
One of the boys tripped over, and they hit their head on the door.
type:
example
text:
Someone knocked into Harry as they hurried past him. It was Hermione.
ref:
1997, J. K. Rowling, chapter 10, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, (quoted edition: London: Bloomsbury, 2000, page 187)
type:
quotation
text:
One thing a nominee earns is the right to pick the vice president that they think will best reflect their vision of the country, and I am just glad I will have nothing to do with it.
ref:
2008, Michelle Obama, quoted in Lisa Rogak, Michelle Obama in Her Own Words, New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2009. →ISBN, page 18
text:
The boycott, led by Elisha Lim, of a Toronto gay and lesbian newspaper after it refused to use their preferred pronoun ["they"], citing grammar considerations, inspired me.
ref:
2014, Ivan E. Coyote, Rae Spoon, Gender Failure
type:
quotation
text:
I'm angry that we're here again, that we have had to tell another mother that their child is dead.
ref:
2015 April, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (mayor of Baltimore), commenting on the death of Freddie Gray
text:
They say it’s a good place to live.
type:
example
text:
They didn’t have computers in the old days.
type:
example
text:
Always get a second source, they tell us in investigative lexicography;[…]
ref:
1986 February 16, William Safire, “On Language; Moon Of My Delight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 6 / Magazine, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
I am beautiful, no matter what they say
ref:
2002, Linda Perry (lyrics and music), “Beautiful”, in Stripped, performed by Christina Aguilera
type:
quotation
text:
They'll tax us for the air we breathe next.
type:
example
text:
They should increase our wages.
type:
example
text:
Ha, you believe the moon is real? That's just what they want you to think.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A group of entities previously mentioned.
A single person, previously mentioned, but typically not if previously named and identified as male or female, especially if of unknown, irrelevant or (since 21st century) non-binary gender. Now increasingly used for an unnamed person even if the gender of the person is identified.
People; some people; people in general; someone, excluding the speaker.
The authorities: government, police, employers, etc.
The opponents of the side which is keeping score.
senses_topics:
bridge
games |
6179 | word:
they
word_type:
det
expansion:
they
forms:
wikipedia:
they
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tóy
Proto-Germanic *þai
Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)
Old Norse þeirbor.
Middle English þei
English they
From Middle English þei, borrowed in the 1200s from Old Norse þeir, plural of the demonstrative sá which acted as a plural pronoun. Displaced native Middle English he from Old English hīe — which vowel changes had left indistinct from he (“he”) — by the 1400s, being readily incorporated alongside native words beginning with the same sound (the, that, this). Used as a singular pronoun since 1300, e.g. in the 1325 Cursor Mundi.
The Norse term (whence also Icelandic þeir (“they”), Faroese teir (“they”), Danish de (“they”), Swedish de (“they”), Norwegian Nynorsk dei (“they”)) is from Proto-Germanic *þai (“those”) (from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”)), whence also Old English þā (“those”) (whence obsolete English tho), Scots thae, thai, thay (“they; those”).
The origin of the determiner they (“the, those”) is unclear. The OED, English Dialect Dictionary and Middle English Dictionary define it and its Middle English predecessor thei as a demonstrative determiner or adjective meaning "those" or "the". This could be a continuation of the use of the English pronoun they's Old Norse etymon þeir as a demonstrative meaning "those", but the OED and EDD say it is limited to southern, especially southwestern, England, specifically outside the region of Norse contact.
senses_examples:
text:
They rooks as you see … only coom a few year agoo.
ref:
1878, Louis John Jennings, Field Paths and Green Lanes, quoting an old East Sussex man
text:
Darn'd if they Cockney Chaps can zee there worn't nort but lie in him.
ref:
1883, Judy, or the London serio-comic journal, volume 33, Harvard University
type:
quotation
text:
page 21: "But you spile [spoil] they gals - they won't be for no good, they won't."
page 30: "'Twas all about they rewks [rooks]," he sobbed.
page 54: "mucking the place up with they weeds"
ref:
1895, Under the Chilterns: A Story of English Village Life
type:
quotation
text:
"Bodies and souls," she cried, "if I didn't reckon to have hidden they boots safe from un in the stick-rick." "Off wi' they tight-wasted shoes o' yours, Martha."
ref:
1901, Gwendoline Keats (of Devon), Tales of Dunstáble Weir, page 55
text:
MARY ELLEN is a different case from the others. She has five children and, she claims: "I don't know who they father is. I ain't never kept track. They is always another one. You know, I can catch me a guy[.]"
ref:
1974, Arthur Hippler, Hunter's Point: a black ghetto in America, page 88
type:
quotation
text:
But all they kids be listenin' to me religiously / So I'm signin' CDs while police fingerprint me
ref:
2002, Eminem, Sing for the Moment
type:
quotation
text:
I got bitches askin' me about the code for the Wi-Fi / So they can talk about they timeline / And show me pictures of they friends
ref:
2015, “Energy”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late, performed by Drake
type:
quotation
text:
He guessed one of the well-off people living in these houses must have took a shine to Cody and decided how he'd look good stuck up on they roof.
ref:
2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 175
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The, those.
Their.
senses_topics:
|
6180 | word:
they
word_type:
pron
expansion:
they
forms:
wikipedia:
they
etymology_text:
From earlier the'e, from there.
senses_examples:
text:
They’s music in the twitter of the bluebird and the jay.
ref:
1889, James Whitcomb Riley, Pipes o' Pan
type:
quotation
text:
MARY ELLEN is a different case from the others. She has five children and, she claims: "I don't know who they father is. I ain't never kept track. They is always another one. You know, I can catch me a guy[.]"
ref:
1974, Arthur Hippler, Hunter's Point: a black ghetto in America, page 88
type:
quotation
text:
They ain’t nothin’ wrong with that.
ref:
2000, Janice Giles, Hill Man, page 58
type:
quotation
text:
But they ain’t nothin’ in there you didn’t already have.
ref:
2008, Christian Carvajal, Lightfall, page 82
type:
quotation
text:
Well, they’s a lot of ‘em didn’t survive, if you believe me.
ref:
2010, Alessandro Portelli, They Say in Harlan County: An Oral History, page 207
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
There (especially as an expletive subject of be).
senses_topics:
|
6181 | word:
icon
word_type:
noun
expansion:
icon (plural icons)
forms:
form:
icons
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin īcōn, from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). Eastern Orthodox Church sense is attested from 1833. Computing sense first recorded in 1982.
senses_examples:
text:
Last week the Archdiocese sent emmissaries to investigate the icon and decided that the tears were not a hoax, Father Koufos said.
ref:
1986 December 22, “‘Weeping Virgin’ Icon Draws Throngs To Chicago”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
text:
That man is an icon in the business; he personifies loyalty and good business sense.
type:
example
text:
Only a handful of rock musicians have become genuine icons - larger-than-life symbolic figures whose personal triumphs and vicissitudes seem to mirror the ups and downs of rock as a whole, and sometimes of the society that nurtures it. Often, rock icons become the objects of personality cults that tend to overshadow their musical accomplishments.
ref:
1981 May 31, Robert Palmer, “Two Icons of Rock Music”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
text:
Barbie is viewed as an icon of American culture in her new biography, Barbie: Her Life and Times (Crown, $25), written by Billy Boy, a clothing and jewelry designer in Paris.
ref:
1987 December 23, “Barbie: Doll, Icon Or Sexist Symbol?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
text:
Click the loudspeaker icon to configure audio settings.
type:
example
text:
The program's most quintessentially Macintoshian feature, one as yet unique among spreadsheets, is its icon bar, which resides at the top of the screen just below the standard menu bar. It contains 21 icons, each of which allows the user to perform a specified function with but a few clicks of the mouse.
ref:
1985 September 15, Erik Snadberg-Diment, “Number Crunching on the Macintosh”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
text:
Is it okay if I use your drawing as my icon?
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.
A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.
A person or thing that is the best example of a certain profession or some doing.
A small picture that represents something.
A small picture that represents something.
An image used to represent a user; an avatar or profile picture.
A word, character, or sign whose form reflects and is determined by the referent; onomatopoeic words are necessarily all icons.
senses_topics:
Christianity
Eastern-Christianity
lifestyle
religion
computing
engineering
graphical-user-interface
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
computing
engineering
graphical-user-interface
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
semiotics |
6182 | word:
trousers
word_type:
noun
expansion:
trousers pl (plural only, attributive trouser)
forms:
form:
trouser
tags:
attributive
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Attested since the 1610s, from the earlier form trouzes (attested since the 1580s), extended from trouse (1570s), with plural ending typical of things in pairs, from Middle Irish triubhas (“close-fitting shorts”), of uncertain origin. The unexplained intrusive second -r- is perhaps due to the influence of drawers.
senses_examples:
text:
The trousers need to be shortened.
type:
example
text:
Why can women wear trousers when men can’t wear skirts?
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An article of clothing that covers the part of the body between the waist and the ankles or knees, and is divided into a separate part for each leg.
senses_topics:
|
6183 | word:
entertainment
word_type:
noun
expansion:
entertainment (countable and uncountable, plural entertainments)
forms:
form:
entertainments
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
entertainment
etymology_text:
From Middle English entretenement (“support, maintenance”), from Old French entretenement; see entertain.
Morphologically entertain + -ment
senses_examples:
text:
The delinquents are generally the adventurous type, who have little use for reading and other non-active entertainment.
ref:
1957, William O. Douglas, Roth v. United States
type:
quotation
text:
"This," said the matronly presence, ushering me into a low room on the right, "is where the Travellers sit by the fire, and cook what bits of suppers they buy with their fourpences."
"O! Then they have no Entertainment?" said I. For the inscription over the outer door was still running in my head, and I was mentally repeating, in a kind of tune, "Lodging, entertainment, and fourpence each."
ref:
1854?, Charles Dickens, The Seven Poor Travellers
type:
quotation
text:
He must think us some band of strangers i' the adversary's entertainment.
ref:
1601-1608, William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well
type:
quotation
text:
The entertainment of the general upon his first arrival was but six shillings and eight pence.
ref:
1612, John Davies, Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued
type:
quotation
text:
Tho’ they cut [the beef] into long Pieces, (like Ropes) with the Hide; and dress’d, and eat it half-roasted according to their Custom, and gave it me in the same Manner; yet I thought this contemptible Food, and what a Beggar in England would not have touch’d, the most delicious Entertainment I ever met with.
ref:
1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 61
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An activity designed to give pleasure, enjoyment, diversion, amusement, or relaxation to an audience, no matter whether the audience participates passively as in watching opera or a movie, or actively as in games.
A show put on for the enjoyment or amusement of others.
Maintenance or support.
Admission into service; service.
Payment of soldiers or servants; wages.
Reception; (provision of) food to guests or travellers.
senses_topics:
|
6184 | word:
hogwash
word_type:
noun
expansion:
hogwash (usually uncountable, plural hogwashes)
forms:
form:
hogwashes
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English *hoggewasch (found only as Middle English hoggyswasch (“refuse of the kitchen for feeding pigs”, literally “hog's wash”)), equivalent to hog + wash.
senses_examples:
text:
We have more faith in the average American than that. It’s not true that Americans love hogwash— it’s that hogwash inundates Americans, whether they want it or not! Some Americans want the truth— they just haven’t been able to find it because it is drowned out by hogwash.
ref:
2016, T. Colin Campbell, Thomas M. Campbell, The China Study: Revised and Expanded Edition, BenBella Books, Inc., page 214
type:
quotation
text:
Diplomatic hogwash aside, ‘efficiency and effectiveness’ have nothing to do with the shutting of the Consulate. The decision is but a continuation of successive US measures aimed at “taking Jerusalem off the table” – as per Trump’s own words - of any future negotiations.
ref:
2019 March 14, Ramzy Baroud, “Chasing mirages: What are Palestinians doing to combat ‘Deal of the Century’?”, in Ma'an News, archived from the original on 2019-03-30
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Foolish talk or writing; nonsense.
A mixture of solid and liquid food scraps fed to pigs; swill.
senses_topics:
|
6185 | word:
dwell
word_type:
noun
expansion:
dwell (plural dwells)
forms:
form:
dwells
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English dwellen (“delay, live, remain, persist”), from Old English dwellan (“to mislead, deceive; be led into error, stray”), from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną (“to hold up, delay; hesitate”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to whirl, swirl, blur, obfuscate”), which is cognate with Old Norse dvelja and related to Proto-Germanic *dwelaną (“to go astray”), which underwent semantic change in its descendants. Cognates include Danish dvæle (“to linger, dwell”) and Swedish dväljas (“to dwell, reside”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A period of time in which a system or component remains in a given state.
A brief pause in the motion of part of a mechanism to allow an operation to be completed.
A planned delay in a timed control program.
In a petrol engine, the period of time the ignition points are closed to let current flow through the ignition coil in between each spark. This is measured as an angle in degrees around the camshaft in the distributor which controls the points, for example in a 4-cylinder engine it might be 55° (spark at 90° intervals, points closed for 55° between each).
senses_topics:
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
business
electrical
electrical-engineering
electricity
electromagnetism
energy
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
automotive
transport
vehicles |
6186 | word:
dwell
word_type:
verb
expansion:
dwell (third-person singular simple present dwells, present participle dwelling, simple past and past participle dwelt or (mostly US) dwelled)
forms:
form:
dwells
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
dwelling
tags:
participle
present
form:
dwelt
tags:
participle
past
form:
dwelt
tags:
past
form:
dwelled
tags:
US
participle
past
form:
dwelled
tags:
US
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English dwellen (“delay, live, remain, persist”), from Old English dwellan (“to mislead, deceive; be led into error, stray”), from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną (“to hold up, delay; hesitate”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to whirl, swirl, blur, obfuscate”), which is cognate with Old Norse dvelja and related to Proto-Germanic *dwelaną (“to go astray”), which underwent semantic change in its descendants. Cognates include Danish dvæle (“to linger, dwell”) and Swedish dväljas (“to dwell, reside”).
senses_examples:
text:
I am fully resolved to go dwell in another house.
ref:
1622, Henry Peacham (Jr.), The Compleat Gentleman
type:
quotation
text:
The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides.
ref:
1871, Charles John Smith, Synonyms Discriminated: A Complete Catalogue of Synonymous Words in the English Language
type:
quotation
text:
Well, since my baby left me,
Well, I found a new place to dwell.
Well, it's down at the end of Lonely Street
At Heartbreak Hotel.
ref:
1956, “Heartbreak Hotel”, Mae Boren Axton, Tommy Durden, Elvis Presley (lyrics), performed by Elvis Presley
type:
quotation
text:
Steven, stop dwelling on the past!
But you stole my kidney!
type:
example
text:
So it came about that long ere Ailie reached home it was on young Heriotside that her mind dwelled, and it was the love of him that made her eyes glow and her cheeks redden.
ref:
1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide
type:
quotation
text:
Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776.
B. Wooster: Hm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves?
Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.
ref:
1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5
type:
quotation
text:
Corporal Jenkins: They're always getting dropped into impossible situations. Forced to survive unbeatable odds. Just like you on Akuze!
Shepard: Fifty marines died there, Jenkins.
Corporal Jenkins: Sorry, Commander. I-- I didn't mean to offend you. I respect what you did there. We all do.
Doctor Chakwas: Let's not dwell on the past, Commander. Was there something else you needed?
ref:
2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-1
type:
quotation
text:
Middlesbrough will wonder whether it might have been different if the volley that Jelle Vossen slashed towards John Ruddy’s net after nine minutes had been a couple inches lower rather than clanging off the crossbar. They should not dwell on that moment too long, however.
ref:
2015 May 25, Daniel Taylor, “Norwich reach Premier League after early blitz sees off Middlesbrough”, in The Guardian (London)
type:
quotation
text:
Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart.
ref:
1802, William Wordsworth, Milton!-
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To live; to reside.
To linger (on); to remain fixated.
To be in a given state.
To abide; to remain; to continue.
senses_topics:
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
|
6187 | word:
euphemism
word_type:
noun
expansion:
euphemism (countable and uncountable, plural euphemisms)
forms:
form:
euphemisms
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Category:Harry Potter characters
Lord Voldemort
etymology_text:
Recorded since 1656; from Ancient Greek εὐφημισμός (euphēmismós), from εὐφημίζω (euphēmízō), from εὔφημος (eúphēmos, “uttering sound of good omen, abstaining from inauspicious words”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + φήμη (phḗmē, “a voice, a prophetic voice, rumor, talk”), from φημί (phēmí, “to speak, say”).
senses_examples:
text:
Akin to it [litotes] is euphemism, which may be applied to the same purpose.
ref:
a. 1803, James Beattie, “Of Rhetorick”, in Elements of Moral Science, volume III, Philadelphia: Hopkins and Earle, published 1809, section I, page 118
type:
quotation
text:
In 1946, George Orwell addressed the relationship of language to reality and suggested that euphemism, not imperfect analogy, was the real danger. If we don’t use shocking language to describe a shocking circumstance, can we truly recognize what is happening?
ref:
2019 July 26, David J. Ulin, “Op-Ed: I’m Jewish and I don’t say this lightly: ‘Never again’ is right now in America”, in LA Times
type:
quotation
text:
When it is said of the martyr St. Stephen, that “he fell asleep,” instead of—he died, the euphemism partakes of the nature of metaphor, intimating a resemblance between sleep and the death of such a person.
ref:
a. 1803, James Beattie, “Of Rhetorick”, in Elements of Moral Science, volume III, Philadelphia: Hopkins and Earle, published 1809, section I, page 118
type:
quotation
text:
Euphemistic language turns up in many areas of American life in a variety of situations. Not all euphemisms are alike, but they have one thing in common: They obscure meaning rather than enhance it; they shade the truth.
ref:
2004, George Carlin, “EUPHEMISMS: It's a Whole New Language”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?, New York: Hyperion Books, →OCLC, →OL, page 6
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The use of a word or phrase to replace another with one that is considered less offensive, blunt or vulgar than the word or phrase which it replaces.
A word or phrase that replaces another in this way.
senses_topics:
|
6188 | word:
misread
word_type:
verb
expansion:
misread (third-person singular simple present misreads, present participle misreading, simple past and past participle misread)
forms:
form:
misreads
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
misreading
tags:
participle
present
form:
misread
tags:
participle
past
form:
misread
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English misreden, from Old English misrǣdan (“to advise wrongly; read wrongly”), equivalent to mis- + read. Cognate with Saterland Frisian misräide (“to go wrong, fail”), Dutch misraden (“to guess wrongly”), German missraten (“to fail; go wrong; become wayward”). For the noun, compare Old English misrǣd (“misguidance; misconduct”).
senses_examples:
text:
In the circumstances the Inspecting Officer concludes that the electric train motorman, despite his assertions to the contrary, misread the up main relief inner home signal for his own and ran past the up main through inner home signal at danger; he must therefore be held responsible for the accident.
ref:
1961 March, “Talking of trains: Collision at Waterloo”, in Trains Illustrated, page 138
type:
quotation
text:
Yet her obsession with remaining inscrutable has the curious effect of making her also unable to read others—for example, she misses entirely the subversive humor of the black garage mechanic, Jimmy, with whom she deals every day, uncertain whether he is "shy or dimwitted" (19). Similarly, she misreads her one black colleague, Pompey, whom she wrongly believes has sabotaged the elevator she is accused of having misinspected.
ref:
2020, Stephanie Brown, Éva Tettenborn, Engaging Tradition, Making It New, page 146
type:
quotation
text:
No South African believed it was possible—not to mention desirable—to write about the country’s white people without writing about its Black citizens; everybody’s self-understanding incorporates ideas proposed by people unlike themselves.“That doesn’t matter,” one of the editors told me, warning me I’d be “misread.”
ref:
2022 October 24, Eve Fairbanks, “Why Wasn’t I Canceled?”, in The Atlantic
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To read wrongly; misconstrue; misinterpret; mistake the sense or significance of.
senses_topics:
|
6189 | word:
misread
word_type:
noun
expansion:
misread (plural misreads)
forms:
form:
misreads
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English misreden, from Old English misrǣdan (“to advise wrongly; read wrongly”), equivalent to mis- + read. Cognate with Saterland Frisian misräide (“to go wrong, fail”), Dutch misraden (“to guess wrongly”), German missraten (“to fail; go wrong; become wayward”). For the noun, compare Old English misrǣd (“misguidance; misconduct”).
senses_examples:
text:
Line fluctuations can cause misreads and miswrites.
ref:
1983, Lawrence Calmus, The business guide to small computers, page 143
type:
quotation
text:
To bait the mark, the veteran grifter initially covers one of the three numbers on the clothespin or miscounts the marble tally which serves to award the mark fairbanked points. The grateful mark will not question the grifter's tricky misread or miscount.
ref:
2011, Richard Margittay, Carnival Games: $10,000,000,000 Hoodwink Racket
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An instance of reading wrongly.
senses_topics:
|
6190 | word:
drunken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
drunken
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English drunken, ydronken, idrunken, from Old English druncen, ġedruncen (“drunk; drunken”), from Proto-Germanic *drunkanaz (“drunken”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *drinkaną (“to drink”), equivalent to drink + -en. Cognate with West Frisian dronken (“drunk; drunken”), Dutch dronken (“drunk; drunken”), German betrunken (“drunk; drunken”), Swedish drucken (“drunk; drunken”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
past participle of drink
senses_topics:
|
6191 | word:
drunken
word_type:
adj
expansion:
drunken (comparative more drunken, superlative most drunken)
forms:
form:
more drunken
tags:
comparative
form:
most drunken
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English drunken, ydronken, idrunken, from Old English druncen, ġedruncen (“drunk; drunken”), from Proto-Germanic *drunkanaz (“drunken”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *drinkaną (“to drink”), equivalent to drink + -en. Cognate with West Frisian dronken (“drunk; drunken”), Dutch dronken (“drunk; drunken”), German betrunken (“drunk; drunken”), Swedish drucken (“drunk; drunken”).
senses_examples:
text:
What shall we do with a drunken sailor? […] / Put him in the longboat and make him bail her / Early in the morning.
ref:
a. 1830, Drunken Sailor (traditional sea shanty)
text:
I ask now to put faces to those names and remove all doubt that the songs I've heard sung in your honor were not a drunken bard's attempt to make a few extra coins. This mission is dire and the reward shall fit you well.[…]
ref:
2014 December 23, Dallas S. Paskell, Medieval, Author House, page 389
type:
quotation
text:
a drunken display of crude exuberance
type:
example
text:
Surviving pictures of the accident show the two locomotives leaning at drunken angles, still covered with flags and evergreens—a mixture of comedy and tragedy.
ref:
1945 September and October, C. Hamilton Ellis, “Royal Trains—V”, in Railway Magazine, page 252
type:
quotation
text:
drunken noodles; drunken duck; drunken fried rice
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Drunk, in the state of intoxication after having drunk an alcoholic beverage.
Given to habitual excessive use of alcohol.
Characterized by or resulting from drunkenness.
Saturated with liquid
Saturated with liquid
Applied to various spicy stir-fried dishes in Asian cuisine.
senses_topics:
|
6192 | word:
drunken
word_type:
verb
expansion:
drunken (third-person singular simple present drunkens, present participle drunkening, simple past and past participle drunkened)
forms:
form:
drunkens
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
drunkening
tags:
participle
present
form:
drunkened
tags:
participle
past
form:
drunkened
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English dronknen, drunkenen, drunknen, from Old English druncnian (“to drown; get drunk”), from Proto-Germanic *drunkanōną (“to get drunk”), from Proto-Germanic *drunkanaz (“drunk; intoxicated”). Cognate with Norwegian drukne, drukna, Icelandic drukna.
senses_examples:
text:
Yea, upon a stoned couch and drunkened unto death upon the bittered draught of Rome!
ref:
1917, Patience Worth, The Sorry Tale, page 153
type:
quotation
text:
The dreamy coloring of the land is just too drunkening.
ref:
1985, Kay Dreyfus, Percy Aldridge Grainger, Farthest North of Humanness: Letters, page 31
type:
quotation
text:
Dogma drunkens the Spirit, and while we indulge in our stupor, it robs us of our innate Spiritually Divine and Creative acuity . . . Love alone provides us with the much needed restorative properties of redemption.
ref:
2011, William Peters, Good Morning my Beloved Family, page 31
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To make or become drunk or drunken; intoxicate
senses_topics:
|
6193 | word:
intermarriage
word_type:
noun
expansion:
intermarriage (countable and uncountable, plural intermarriages)
forms:
form:
intermarriages
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From inter- + marriage.
senses_examples:
text:
During the 1960s, some Georgians opposed the intermarriage of blacks and whites.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Marriage between people belonging to different groups, such as different racial, ethnic, or religious groups; mixed marriage.
senses_topics:
|
6194 | word:
lent
word_type:
noun
expansion:
lent (countable and uncountable, plural lents)
forms:
form:
lents
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative letter-case form of Lent
senses_topics:
|
6195 | word:
lent
word_type:
verb
expansion:
lent
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of lend
senses_topics:
|
6196 | word:
pommes frites
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pommes frites
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
French pommes frites
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
french fries; plural of pomme frite
senses_topics:
|
6197 | word:
baloney
word_type:
noun
expansion:
baloney (countable and uncountable, plural baloneys)
forms:
form:
baloneys
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Phonetic spelling of bologna.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A type of sausage; bologna.
senses_topics:
|
6198 | word:
baloney
word_type:
noun
expansion:
baloney (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Origin unclear. Perhaps from the Polari slang word balonie. Alternatively, perhaps simply from bologna (“sausage”), possibly used as a minced oath for bullshit.
senses_examples:
text:
That's a bunch of baloney! I don't believe one word!
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Nonsense.
senses_topics:
|
6199 | word:
vocal
word_type:
adj
expansion:
vocal (comparative more vocal, superlative most vocal)
forms:
form:
more vocal
tags:
comparative
form:
most vocal
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Late Middle English vocal, borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“uttering a voice, sounding, speaking”), from vōx (“a voice, sound, tone”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of vowel and vocalis. Compare Old French vocal.
senses_examples:
text:
vocal apparatus
type:
example
text:
vocal problems
type:
example
text:
The protesters were very vocal in their message to the mayor.
type:
example
text:
To hill or valley, fountain, or fresh shade,
Made vocal by my song.
ref:
1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost
type:
quotation
text:
vocal melody, vocal prayer, vocal worship
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the human voice or speech.
Used in the production of speech sounds.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the human voice or speech.
Relating to, composed or arranged for, or sung by the human voice.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the human voice or speech.
Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the human voice or speech.
Synonym of vocalic.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the human voice or speech.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; expressed in words.
Expressing opinions or feelings freely, loudly, or insistently.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; expressed in words.
Having or exercising the power of producing voice, speech, or sound.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; expressed in words.
Synonym of expressive.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; expressed in words.
Full of voices.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; expressed in words.
senses_topics:
anatomy
medicine
sciences
entertainment
lifestyle
music
human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
human-sciences
linguistics
phonetics
phonology
sciences
|
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