id stringlengths 1 7 | text stringlengths 154 333k |
|---|---|
8100 | word:
venom
word_type:
noun
expansion:
venom (countable and uncountable, plural venoms)
forms:
form:
venoms
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
venom
etymology_text:
From Middle English venym, from Old French venim, from Vulgar Latin *venīmen, from Early Medieval Latin venīnum, from Classical Latin venēnum (“drug; poison; a charm”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”). Doublet of venin and venene.
senses_examples:
text:
The serious artist […] [is] obsessed by his material; it’s like a venom working in his blood and the art is the antidote.
ref:
1968 August, Truman Capote, interview, Mademoiselle
text:
Venom evolved from saliva and it's used primarily for catching and digesting prey.
ref:
2022, Derek Muller, "How Horses Save Humans from Snake Bites", Veritasium, 00:03:20 ff.
text:
[…] as I was feasting my jaundiced eye one morning with a certain newspaper, which I was in the habit of employing as the vehicle of my venom, I was startled at discovering myself conspicuously pointed out in an angry column as a cowardly defamer […]
ref:
1790, Richard Cumberland, The Observer, volume 5, number 130, London: C. Dilly, page 48
type:
quotation
text:
History is a study which has none of the venom of reality in it.
ref:
1938, Lawrence Durrell, The Black Book, New York: Open Road, published 2012, Book Three
type:
quotation
text:
The attack was so unwarranted and delivered with such venom that his unpreparedness for it left him speechless.
ref:
1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 62
type:
quotation
text:
Some of these reviews were written in joyous zeal. Others with glee. Some in sorrow, some in anger, and a precious few with venom, of which I have a closely guarded supply.
ref:
2007, Roger Ebert, Your Movie Sucks, Kansas City: Andrews McMeel, Introduction
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An animal toxin intended for defensive or offensive use; a biological poison delivered by bite, sting, etc., to protect an animal or to kill its prey.
Feeling or speech marked by spite or malice; vitriol.
senses_topics:
|
8101 | word:
venom
word_type:
verb
expansion:
venom (third-person singular simple present venoms, present participle venoming, simple past and past participle venomed)
forms:
form:
venoms
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
venoming
tags:
participle
present
form:
venomed
tags:
participle
past
form:
venomed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
venom
etymology_text:
From Middle English venym, from Old French venim, from Vulgar Latin *venīmen, from Early Medieval Latin venīnum, from Classical Latin venēnum (“drug; poison; a charm”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”). Doublet of venin and venene.
senses_examples:
text:
1566, Thomas Blundeville (translator and editor), The Fower Chiefyst Offices Belongyng to Horsemanshippe, London, Chapter 36,
[…] washe all the filth away with warme water, and annoynte the place with Hony and Fytch flower myngled together. But beware you touche none of the kirnelles with your bare finger, for feare of venoming the place, which is very apt for a Fistula to breede in.
text:
The Dragon is a venemous beast, and poisoneth all where he lieth; he beats the Earth bare, and venoms it, that it will bear no grass […]
ref:
1669, John Bunyan, “The Holy Citie, or, The New-Jerusalem”, in Commentary, London: Francis Smith, Chapter 21, Verse 25, pp. 229-230
type:
quotation
text:
Our Fountains too a dire Infection yield,
For Crowds of Vipers creep along the Field,
And with polluted Gore, and baneful Steams,
Taint all the Lakes, and venom all the Streams.
ref:
1717, “The Story of Ants chang’d to Men”, in William Stonestreet, transl., edited by Samuel Garth, Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. Translated by the most eminent hands, London: Jacob Tonson, Book 7, p. 239
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To infect with venom; to envenom; to poison.
senses_topics:
|
8102 | word:
venom
word_type:
adj
expansion:
venom (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
venom
etymology_text:
From Middle English venym, from Old French venim, from Vulgar Latin *venīmen, from Early Medieval Latin venīnum, from Classical Latin venēnum (“drug; poison; a charm”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love”). Doublet of venin and venene.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Poisonous, poisoned; (figuratively) pernicious.
senses_topics:
|
8103 | word:
dream
word_type:
noun
expansion:
dream (plural dreams)
forms:
form:
dreams
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
dream
etymology_text:
From Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).
The sense of "dream", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation", also "dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.
Cognate with Scots dreme (“dream”), North Frisian drom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Low German Droom, Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Norwegian Nynorsk draum, Swedish dröm (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).
more details
The derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.
Attested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).
The verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”).
senses_examples:
text:
have a dream
type:
example
text:
scary dream
type:
example
text:
vivid dream
type:
example
text:
erotic dream
type:
example
text:
feel like a dream
type:
example
text:
be in a dream
type:
example
text:
And I find it kind of funny, I find it kind of sad
The dreams in which I'm dying are the best I've ever had
ref:
1982, “Mad World”, in Roland Orzabal (lyrics), The Hurting, performed by Tears for Fears
type:
quotation
text:
have a dream
type:
example
text:
fulfil a dream
type:
example
text:
harbour a dream
type:
example
text:
realize a dream
type:
example
text:
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!
ref:
1963 August 28, Martin Luther King, I have a Dream
type:
quotation
text:
Ralph Wiggum is generally employed as a bottomless fount of glorious non sequiturs, but in “I Love Lisa” he stands in for every oblivious chump who ever deluded himself into thinking that with persistence, determination, and a pure heart he can win the girl of his dreams.
ref:
2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in AV Club
type:
quotation
text:
More likely than capture is death at the hands of Chinese border police. Killings like that of fifteen-year-old Yeshe Dundrub, shot at night in Saga County (Ch: Saga Xian) in November 1999, while fleeing with forty others to Nepal, are covered up when possible. (Dundrub, whose dream was to be a monk, died in a military hospital bed nine hours after he was shot.)
ref:
2010, Jonathan Green, Murder in the High Himalaya: Loyalty, Tragedy, and Escape from Tibet, 1st edition (Politics), PublicAffairs, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 33
type:
quotation
text:
live in a dream
type:
example
text:
wake up from a dream
type:
example
text:
impossible dream
type:
example
text:
a dream of bliss
type:
example
text:
the dream of his youth
type:
example
text:
There sober thought pursued the amusing theme,
Till Fancy coloured it and formed a dream.
ref:
c. 1735, Alexander Pope, John Donne's Satires Versified
type:
quotation
text:
It is not, then, a mere dream, but a very real aim which they propose.
ref:
1870, John Shairp, Culture and Religion
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping.
A hope or wish.
A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy.
senses_topics:
|
8104 | word:
dream
word_type:
verb
expansion:
dream (third-person singular simple present dreams, present participle dreaming, simple past and past participle dreamed or dreamt)
forms:
form:
dreams
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
dreaming
tags:
participle
present
form:
dreamed
tags:
participle
past
form:
dreamed
tags:
past
form:
dreamt
tags:
participle
past
form:
dreamt
tags:
past
wikipedia:
dream
etymology_text:
From Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).
The sense of "dream", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation", also "dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.
Cognate with Scots dreme (“dream”), North Frisian drom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Low German Droom, Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Norwegian Nynorsk draum, Swedish dröm (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).
more details
The derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.
Attested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).
The verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”).
senses_examples:
text:
Last night I dreamed of cupcakes and chocolate cookies.
type:
example
text:
Dreaming when Dawn's Left Hand was in the Sky
I heard a Voice within the Tavern cry,
"Awake, my Little ones, and fill the Cup
Before Life's Liquor in its Cup be dry."
ref:
1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 1
type:
quotation
text:
Lucy dreams of becoming a scientist when she'll grow up.
type:
example
text:
Stop dreaming and get back to work.
type:
example
text:
I dreamed a vivid dream last night.
type:
example
text:
I wouldn't dream of snubbing you in public.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping.
To hope, to wish.
To daydream.
To envision as an imaginary experience (usually when asleep).
To consider the possibility (of).
senses_topics:
|
8105 | word:
dream
word_type:
adj
expansion:
dream (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
dream
etymology_text:
From Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).
The sense of "dream", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation", also "dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.
Cognate with Scots dreme (“dream”), North Frisian drom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Low German Droom, Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Norwegian Nynorsk draum, Swedish dröm (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).
more details
The derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.
Attested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).
The verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”).
senses_examples:
text:
If a girl who talked like that was not his dream girl, he didn't know a dream girl when he heard one.
ref:
2014, P.G. Wodehouse, Jeeves and the Yule-Tide Spirit and Other Stories, Random House, page 158
type:
quotation
text:
England found chances a rarity, although Liverpool striker Solanke almost made it a dream debut in the closing seconds, only to miscontrol at the far post.
ref:
2017 November 14, Phil McNulty, “England 0-0 Brazil”, in BBC News
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Ideal; perfect.
senses_topics:
|
8106 | word:
care
word_type:
noun
expansion:
care (countable and uncountable, plural cares)
forms:
form:
cares
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English care, from Old English caru, ċearu (“care, concern, anxiety, sorrow, grief, trouble”), from Proto-West Germanic *karu, from Proto-Germanic *karō (“care, sorrow, cry”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“shout, call”). Cognate with Old Saxon cara, kara (“concern, action”), Middle High German kar (“sorrow, lamentation”), Icelandic kör (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara, “concern, care”). Related also to Dutch karig (“scanty”), German karg (“sparse, meagre, barren”), Latin garriō, Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus). See also chary.
senses_examples:
text:
Care should be taken when holding babies.
type:
example
text:
I don't have a care in the world.
type:
example
text:
Yes, heaven, I'm in heaven / And the cares that hung around me through the week / Seem to vanish like a gambler's lucky streak
ref:
1956, Irving Berlin (lyrics and music), “Cheek to Cheek”
type:
quotation
text:
dental care
type:
example
text:
The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.
ref:
2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
in care
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Grief, sorrow.
Close attention; concern; responsibility.
Worry.
Maintenance, upkeep.
The treatment of those in need (especially as a profession).
The state of being cared for by others.
The object of watchful attention or anxiety.
senses_topics:
|
8107 | word:
care
word_type:
verb
expansion:
care (third-person singular simple present cares, present participle caring, simple past and past participle cared)
forms:
form:
cares
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
caring
tags:
participle
present
form:
cared
tags:
participle
past
form:
cared
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
care
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English caren, carien, from Old English carian (“to sorrow, grieve, be troubled, be anxious, to care for, heed”), from Proto-West Germanic *karōn (“to care”), from Proto-Germanic *karōną (“to care”).
Cognate with Old Saxon karōn (“to lament”), Middle High German karen, karn (“to complain, lament, grieve, mourn”), archaic German karen (“to groan, gasp”), Alemannic German karen, kären (“to groan, gasp”), Swedish kära (“to fall in love”), Icelandic kæra (“to care, like”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍉𐌽 (karōn, “to be concerned”).
senses_examples:
text:
"She doesn't care what you think." "I don't care, I'm still going."
type:
example
text:
And no use for anyone to tell Charles that this was because the Family was in mourning for Mr Granville Darracott […]: Charles might only have been second footman at Darracott Place for a couple of months when that disaster occurred, but no one could gammon him into thinking that my lord cared a spangle for his heir.
ref:
1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax
type:
quotation
text:
This newfound infatuation renders Bart uncharacteristically vulnerable. He suddenly has something to care about beyond causing trouble and makes a dramatic transformation from hell-raiser to gentleman about town.
ref:
2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club
type:
quotation
text:
No longer mind if I go / You pray enough, I might fall / Down, down, down, down, down / Why should I care what happens to me? / Why should I care what happens to me?
ref:
2019, Aries (lyrics and music), “Amy's Grave”, in Welcome Home
type:
quotation
text:
Would you care for another slice of cake?
type:
example
text:
Would you care to dance?
type:
example
text:
I don't care to hear your opinion.
type:
example
text:
An event aggregator facilitates a fire-and-forget model of communication. The object triggering the event doesn't care if there are any subscribers. It just fires the event and moves on.
ref:
2013, Addy Osmani, Developing Backbone.js Applications, page 175
type:
quotation
text:
Young children can learn to care for a pet.
type:
example
text:
He cared for his mother while she was sick.
type:
example
text:
After introducing herself, the therapist then asked the patient if it would be all right to do the exercises which the doctor had ordered for her. The patient would response, "Well, I don't care to." For several days, the therapist immediately left the room and officially recorded that the patient had "refused" therapy. […] It was not until months later that this therapist […] discovered that she should have been interpreting "I don't care to" as "I don't mind" doing those exercises now.
ref:
2006, Grace Toney Edwards, JoAnn Aust Asbury, Ricky L. Cox, A Handbook to Appalachia: An Introduction to the Region, Univ. of Tennessee Press, page 108
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about).
To want, to desire; to like; to be inclined towards.
For it to matter to, or make any difference to.
(with for) To look after or look out for.
To mind; to object.
senses_topics:
|
8108 | word:
lil
word_type:
adj
expansion:
lil
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of li'l
senses_topics:
|
8109 | word:
lil
word_type:
noun
expansion:
lil (plural lils)
forms:
form:
lils
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
[H]e'll have quite enough to do in writing his own lils, and telling the world how handsome and clever he was; and who can blame him? Not I. If I could write lils, every word should be about myself and my own tacho Rommanis — my own lawful wedded wife, which is the same thing.
ref:
1851, George Borrow, Lavengro: The Scholar-The Gypsy-The Priest
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A book.
senses_topics:
|
8110 | word:
orthodoxia
word_type:
noun
expansion:
orthodoxia (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Ancient Greek ὀρθοδοξία (orthodoxía).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Correct praise; correct faith.
senses_topics:
|
8111 | word:
violin
word_type:
noun
expansion:
violin (plural violins)
forms:
form:
violins
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
violin
etymology_text:
From Italian violino (“little viola”), from viola + -ino (“forming diminutives”).
senses_examples:
text:
When I play it like this, it's a fiddle; when I play it like this, it's a violin.
type:
example
text:
The string quartet, one of the most popular groupings in chamber music, is composed entirely of violins: two violins proper, one viola, and one cello.
type:
example
text:
The first violin often plays the lead melody lines in a string quartet.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A small unfretted stringed instrument with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) G-D-A-E, usually held against the chin and played with a bow.
Any instrument of the violin family, always inclusive of violins, violas, and cellos and sometimes further including the double bass.
The position of a violinist in an orchestra or group.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
music |
8112 | word:
violin
word_type:
verb
expansion:
violin (third-person singular simple present violins, present participle violining, simple past and past participle violined)
forms:
form:
violins
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
violining
tags:
participle
present
form:
violined
tags:
participle
past
form:
violined
tags:
past
wikipedia:
violin
etymology_text:
From Italian violino (“little viola”), from viola + -ino (“forming diminutives”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To play on, or as if on, a violin.
senses_topics:
|
8113 | word:
else
word_type:
adj
expansion:
else (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English ells, elles, from Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas, from Proto-Germanic *aljas (“of another, of something else”), genitive of *aljaz (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“other”).
Cognate with Old Frisian elles (“other”), Old High German elles, ellies (“other”), Danish eller (“or”), Danish ellers (“otherwise”), Swedish eljes, eljest (“or else, otherwise”), Norwegian elles (“else, otherwise”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis, “other”), Latin alius (“other, another”), Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), Arcadocypriot αἶλος (aîlos), modern Greek αλλιώς (alliós, “otherwise, else”).
senses_examples:
text:
The instructor is busy. Can anyone else help me?
type:
example
text:
As with most else in society, early Americans believed that health and healing were in God's hand.
ref:
2013, Keith T. Krawczynski, Daily Life in the Colonial City
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Other; in addition to previously mentioned items.
senses_topics:
|
8114 | word:
else
word_type:
adv
expansion:
else (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English ells, elles, from Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas, from Proto-Germanic *aljas (“of another, of something else”), genitive of *aljaz (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“other”).
Cognate with Old Frisian elles (“other”), Old High German elles, ellies (“other”), Danish eller (“or”), Danish ellers (“otherwise”), Swedish eljes, eljest (“or else, otherwise”), Norwegian elles (“else, otherwise”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis, “other”), Latin alius (“other, another”), Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), Arcadocypriot αἶλος (aîlos), modern Greek αλλιώς (alliós, “otherwise, else”).
senses_examples:
text:
How else (= in what other way) can it be done?
type:
example
text:
I'm busy Friday; when else (= what other time) works for you?
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Otherwise, if not.
senses_topics:
|
8115 | word:
else
word_type:
conj
expansion:
else
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English ells, elles, from Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas, from Proto-Germanic *aljas (“of another, of something else”), genitive of *aljaz (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“other”).
Cognate with Old Frisian elles (“other”), Old High German elles, ellies (“other”), Danish eller (“or”), Danish ellers (“otherwise”), Swedish eljes, eljest (“or else, otherwise”), Norwegian elles (“else, otherwise”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis, “other”), Latin alius (“other, another”), Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), Arcadocypriot αἶλος (aîlos), modern Greek αλλιώς (alliós, “otherwise, else”).
senses_examples:
text:
Then the Wronskian of f and g must be nonzero, else they could not be linearly independent.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
For otherwise; or else.
senses_topics:
|
8116 | word:
everyone
word_type:
pron
expansion:
everyone
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English everichon. By surface analysis, every + one.
senses_examples:
text:
Hello, everyone!
Audio (US): (file)
ref:
2016, VOA Learning English (public domain), archived from the original on 2017-09-30
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Every person.
senses_topics:
|
8117 | word:
Bosnia-Herzegovina
word_type:
name
expansion:
Bosnia-Herzegovina
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Capital and largest city: Sarajevo
senses_topics:
|
8118 | word:
roebuck
word_type:
noun
expansion:
roebuck (plural roebucks)
forms:
form:
roebucks
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English roobukke; equivalent to roe + buck (“male deer”). Doublet of rhebok.
senses_examples:
text:
From the thick copse the roebucks bound,
The startled red-deer scuds the plain […]
ref:
1807, “Cadyow Castle”, in The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, volume 4, Walter Scott
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A male roe deer.
senses_topics:
|
8119 | word:
collar
word_type:
noun
expansion:
collar (plural collars)
forms:
form:
collars
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
collar
etymology_text:
From Middle English coler, borrowed from Old French coler (Modern French collier), from Late Latin collāre, from Latin collāris, from collum (“neck”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals, “neck”), Old English heals (“neck”). Compare Spanish cuello (“neck”). More at halse.
senses_examples:
text:
Make sure your dog has a collar holding an identification tag.
type:
example
text:
a collar of brawn
type:
example
text:
A nylon collar kept the bolt from damaging the surface underneath.
type:
example
text:
In this case, slide the collar of the flapper over the overflow tube until it seats against the bottom of the flush valve.
ref:
Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to (page 356)
text:
The collar was made less than twenty-four hours after the hunky bastards butchered the old man.
ref:
2013, Dorothy Uhnak, Law and Order
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Clothes that encircle the neck.
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A decorative band or other fabric around the neckline.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A chain worn around the neck.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A similar detachable item.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A coloured ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A band or chain around an animal's neck, used to restrain and/or identify it.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A part of harness designed to distribute the load around the shoulders of a draft animal.
Clothes that encircle the neck.
A hangman's knot.
A piece of meat from the neck of an animal.
Any encircling device or structure.
A physical lockout device to prevent operation of a mechanical signal lever.
Any encircling device or structure.
A ring or cincture.
Any encircling device or structure.
A collar beam.
Any encircling device or structure.
A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.
Any encircling device or structure.
Of or pertaining to a certain category of professions as symbolized by typical clothing.
The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem
A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with the esophagus.
An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.
An arrest.
A trading strategy using options such that there is both an upper limit on profit and a lower limit on loss, constructed through taking equal but opposite positions in a put and a call with different strike prices.
A topological neighborhood around a submanifold that can be deformed to preserve a specified condition or structure.
senses_topics:
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
rail-transport
railways
technology
transport
architecture
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
architecture
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
business
engineering
mining
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
biology
botany
natural-sciences
nautical
transport
business
finance
mathematics
sciences |
8120 | word:
collar
word_type:
verb
expansion:
collar (third-person singular simple present collars, present participle collaring, simple past and past participle collared)
forms:
form:
collars
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
collaring
tags:
participle
present
form:
collared
tags:
participle
past
form:
collared
tags:
past
wikipedia:
collar
etymology_text:
From Middle English coler, borrowed from Old French coler (Modern French collier), from Late Latin collāre, from Latin collāris, from collum (“neck”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals, “neck”), Old English heals (“neck”). Compare Spanish cuello (“neck”). More at halse.
senses_examples:
text:
Collar and leash aggressive dogs.
type:
example
text:
"Ho, aboard the Salt Junk Sarah,
Rollin" home across the line,
The Bo'sun collared the Captain's hat
And threw it in the brine.
ref:
1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 52
type:
quotation
text:
They go in and lobby, collar the representatives and ask: are you for or against?
ref:
1981 December 19, Nancy Wechsler, Christine Delphy, “Politics In France”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 22, page 8
type:
quotation
text:
I managed to collar Fred in the office for an hour.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To grab or seize by the collar or neck.
To place a collar on, to fit with one.
To seize, capture or detain.
To steal.
To preempt, control stringently and exclusively.
To arrest.
To bind in conversation.
To roll up (beef or other meat) and bind it with string preparatory to cooking.
To bind (a submissive) to a dominant under specific conditions or obligations.
senses_topics:
government
law-enforcement
BDSM
lifestyle
sexuality |
8121 | word:
rooster
word_type:
noun
expansion:
rooster (plural roosters)
forms:
form:
roosters
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
rooster
etymology_text:
From roost + -er. In the regions where it is used, displaced cock through taboo avoidance.
senses_examples:
text:
Their other dish […] contain'd a number of roast fowls—half a dozen, we suppose, & all roosters at this season no doubt.
ref:
1772 March 14, A.G. Winslow, Diary
type:
quotation
text:
The produce of two hens and a cock, or rooster, as the Yankees term that bird.
ref:
1836, Catharine Parr Traill, The Backwoods of Canada, page 308
type:
quotation
text:
The more leisured flight of the roosters [sc. starlings] was in contrast to the steady procession of the migrants.
ref:
1949, British Birds, 42, p. 323
type:
quotation
text:
Ground roosters like Northern Harriers may be subject to predation by Great-horned Owls […] but still larger perchers like herons and Ospreys use snags or posts in conspicuous places but are large enough to escape aerial predators.
ref:
1999, Milton W. Weller, Wetland Birds: Habitat Resources and Conservation Implications
type:
quotation
text:
In April they played Hens and Roosters, yoking their wild white and blue violets to see which would get its head pulled off.
ref:
1946, Conrad Richter, The Fields, page 231
type:
quotation
text:
American demoralisation... has carried rooster into the halls of republican legislation, where it indicates a bill or proposed law which will remunerate the legislators.
ref:
1869 July, Southern Review, page 54
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) or other gallinaceous bird.
A bird or bat which roosts or is roosting.
An informer.
A violent or disorderly person.
A powerful, prideful, or pompous person.
A man.
A wild violet, when used in a children's game based on cockfighting.
Legislation solely devised to benefit the legislators proposing it.
senses_topics:
|
8122 | word:
sit
word_type:
verb
expansion:
sit (third-person singular simple present sits, present participle sitting, simple past sat or (dated, poetic) sate, past participle sat or (archaic, dialectal) sitten)
forms:
form:
sits
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
sitting
tags:
participle
present
form:
sat
tags:
past
form:
sate
tags:
dated
past
poetic
form:
sat
tags:
participle
past
form:
sitten
tags:
archaic
dialectal
participle
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj-simple
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
sit
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti
Proto-Germanic *sitjaną
Proto-West Germanic *sittjan
Old English sittan
Middle English sitten
English sit
From Middle English sitten, from Old English sittan, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“sit”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sitte, Low German sitten, Dutch zitten, German sitzen, Swedish sitta, Norwegian Bokmål sitte, Norwegian Nynorsk sitja; and with Irish suigh, Latin sedeo, Russian сиде́ть (sidétʹ).
senses_examples:
text:
After a long day of walking, it was good just to sit and relax.
type:
example
text:
I asked him to sit.
type:
example
text:
The temple has sat atop that hill for centuries.
type:
example
text:
Jim's pet parrot sat on his left shoulder.
type:
example
text:
The Yellow Sea sits between the Korean Peninsula and China.
Audio (US): (file)
ref:
2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)
text:
I currently sit on a standards committee.
type:
example
text:
In what city is the circuit court sitting for this session.
type:
example
text:
Your new coat sits well.
type:
example
text:
How will this new contract sit with the workers?
type:
example
text:
I don’t think it will sit well.
type:
example
text:
The violence in these video games sits awkwardly with their stated aim of educating children.
type:
example
text:
Sit him in front of the TV and he might watch for hours.
type:
example
text:
The dining room table sits eight comfortably.
type:
example
text:
I sat me weary on a pillar's base, / And leaned against the shaft
ref:
1899, James Thomson, “The City of Dreadful Night”, in The City of Dreadful Night and Other Poems, page 43
type:
quotation
text:
I'm going to sit for them on Thursday.
type:
example
text:
I need to find someone to sit my kids on Friday evening for four hours.
type:
example
text:
Sitting was a “quintessentially American experience,” Yasemin Besen-Cassino, a Montclair State University sociologist and the author of The Cost of Being a Girl: Working Teens and the Origins of the Gender Wage Gap, told me.
ref:
2024 March 19, Faith Hill, “Don’t Tell America the Babysitter’s Dead”, in The Atlantic
type:
quotation
text:
I'm sitting for a painter this evening.
type:
example
text:
like a good miller that knows how to grind, which way soever the wind sits
ref:
1689, John Selden, Table Talk
type:
quotation
text:
Louisa, who […] had but ill born the commencement of this conversation, could sit it no longer, and hastily throwing up the sash, complained of the intense heat of the room.
ref:
1790, Amelia Opie, chapter 5, in Dangers of Coquetry, volume I
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To be in a position in which the upper body is upright and supported by the buttocks.
To move oneself into such a position.
To occupy a given position.
To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest in any position or condition.
To be a member of a deliberative body.
Of a legislative or, especially, a judicial body such as a court, to be in session.
To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh.
To be adjusted; to fit.
To be accepted or acceptable; to work.
To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish a seat to.
To accommodate in seats; to seat.
To babysit.
To take, to undergo or complete (an examination or test).
To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood; to incubate.
To take a position for the purpose of having some artistic representation of oneself made, such as a picture or a bust.
To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a relative position; to have direction.
To keep one's seat when faced with (a blow, attack); to endure, to put up with.
senses_topics:
government
government
law
|
8123 | word:
sit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sit (plural sits)
forms:
form:
sits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti
Proto-Germanic *sitjaną
Proto-West Germanic *sittjan
Old English sittan
Middle English sitten
English sit
From Middle English sitten, from Old English sittan, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“sit”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sitte, Low German sitten, Dutch zitten, German sitzen, Swedish sitta, Norwegian Bokmål sitte, Norwegian Nynorsk sitja; and with Irish suigh, Latin sedeo, Russian сиде́ть (sidétʹ).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An act of sitting.
Subsidence of the roof of a coal mine.
An event, usually lasting one full day or more, where the primary goal is to sit in meditation.
senses_topics:
business
mining
Buddhism
lifestyle
religion |
8124 | word:
sit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sit (plural sits)
forms:
form:
sits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
The increasing scope of the disaster was relayed in short, terse sentences whose brevity does not conceal the unfolding nightmare. […] In mid-afternoon at 1600: “Sit is getting worse; need help badly,” “have considerable number of wounded that are unable to evacuate.”
ref:
2012, Gail Shisler, For Country and Corps: The Life of General Oliver P. Smith
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Short for situation.
senses_topics:
|
8125 | word:
filed
word_type:
verb
expansion:
filed
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
simple past and past participle of file
senses_topics:
|
8126 | word:
falcon
word_type:
noun
expansion:
falcon (plural falcons)
forms:
form:
falcons
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
falcon
etymology_text:
From Middle English faucoun, falcon, faulcon, from Old French falcun, from Late Latin falcō (“falcon”), of Germanic origin, probably via Frankish *falkō (“falcon, hawk”), from Proto-Germanic *falkô (“falcon”), from Proto-Indo-European *pol̑- (“pale”), from *pel- (“fallow”).
cognates
Cognate with Old English *fealca, fealcen (“falcon”), Dutch valk (“falcon, hawk”), German Falke (“falcon, hawk”), Norwegian and Swedish falk (“falcon”), Icelandic fálki (“falcon”), French faucon (“falcon”), Italian falco (“falcon”), Spanish halcón (“falcon”), Portuguese falcão (“falcon”), Latin falco (“falcon”), Lithuanian pálšas (“pale”), Latvian bāls (“pale”), Latgalian buolgs (“pale”). More at fallow.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Any bird of the genus Falco, all of which are birds of prey.
A female such bird, a male being a tiercel.
A light cannon used from the 15th to the 17th century; a falconet.
senses_topics:
falconry
hobbies
hunting
lifestyle
|
8127 | word:
falcon
word_type:
verb
expansion:
falcon (third-person singular simple present falcons, present participle falconing, simple past and past participle falconed)
forms:
form:
falcons
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
falconing
tags:
participle
present
form:
falconed
tags:
participle
past
form:
falconed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
falcon
etymology_text:
From Middle English faucoun, falcon, faulcon, from Old French falcun, from Late Latin falcō (“falcon”), of Germanic origin, probably via Frankish *falkō (“falcon, hawk”), from Proto-Germanic *falkô (“falcon”), from Proto-Indo-European *pol̑- (“pale”), from *pel- (“fallow”).
cognates
Cognate with Old English *fealca, fealcen (“falcon”), Dutch valk (“falcon, hawk”), German Falke (“falcon, hawk”), Norwegian and Swedish falk (“falcon”), Icelandic fálki (“falcon”), French faucon (“falcon”), Italian falco (“falcon”), Spanish halcón (“falcon”), Portuguese falcão (“falcon”), Latin falco (“falcon”), Lithuanian pálšas (“pale”), Latvian bāls (“pale”), Latgalian buolgs (“pale”). More at fallow.
senses_examples:
text:
He rode astride while hawking; she falconed in the ladylike position of sidesaddle.
ref:
2003, Brenda Joyce, House of Dreams, page 175
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To hunt with a falcon or falcons.
senses_topics:
|
8128 | word:
broad
word_type:
adj
expansion:
broad (comparative broader, superlative broadest)
forms:
form:
broader
tags:
comparative
form:
broadest
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
broad
etymology_text:
From Middle English brood, brode, from Old English brād (“broad, flat, open, extended, spacious, wide, ample, copious”), from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz (“broad”), of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots braid (“broad”), West Frisian breed (“broad”), Saterland Frisian breed (“broad”), Low German breed (“broad”), breet, Dutch breed (“broad”), German breit (“broad, wide”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål bred (“broad”), Norwegian brei (“broad”), Icelandic breiður (“broad, wide”).
senses_examples:
text:
three feet broad
type:
example
text:
the broad expanse of ocean
type:
example
text:
Julia Farrington, head of arts at Index on Censorship, argues that extra powers to ban violent videos online will "end up too broad and open to misapplication, which would damage freedom of expression".
ref:
2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in the Guardian
type:
quotation
text:
Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. […] But the scandals kept coming, and so we entered stage three – what therapists call "bargaining". A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a fundamental overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.
ref:
2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21
type:
quotation
text:
broad and open day
ref:
1720, William Bartlet, a sermon
type:
quotation
text:
crushing the minds of its victims in the broad and open day
ref:
May 12, 1860, Eliza Watson, Witches and witchcraft (in Once A Week, No. 46.)
text:
The words in the Constitution are broad enough to include the case.
ref:
1819, D. Daggett, Sturges v. Crowninshield
type:
quotation
text:
in a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way
ref:
1859, Edward Everett, Daniel Webster: An Oration On the Occasion of the Dedication of the Statue of Mr. Webster,
type:
quotation
text:
a broad hint
type:
example
text:
to be in broad agreement
type:
example
text:
Lee: I wrote that line for you. Maeve: A bit broad, if you ask me.
ref:
2018 April 22, “Journey into Night” (39:17 from the start), in Westworld, season 2, episode 1, spoken by Maeve Millay and Lee Sizemore (Thandie Newton and Simon Quarterman), via HBO
type:
quotation
text:
a broad compliment; a broad joke; broad humour
type:
example
text:
She still has a broad Scottish accent, despite moving to California 20 years ago.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Wide in extent or scope.
Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full.
Having a large measure of any thing or quality; unlimited; unrestrained.
Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged.
Plain; evident.
General rather than specific.
Unsubtle; obvious.
Free; unrestrained; unconfined.
Gross; coarse; indelicate.
Strongly regional.
Velarized, i.e. not palatalized.
senses_topics:
communications
journalism
literature
media
publishing
writing
|
8129 | word:
broad
word_type:
noun
expansion:
broad (plural broads)
forms:
form:
broads
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
broad
etymology_text:
From Middle English brood, brode, from Old English brād (“broad, flat, open, extended, spacious, wide, ample, copious”), from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz (“broad”), of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots braid (“broad”), West Frisian breed (“broad”), Saterland Frisian breed (“broad”), Low German breed (“broad”), breet, Dutch breed (“broad”), German breit (“broad, wide”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål bred (“broad”), Norwegian brei (“broad”), Icelandic breiður (“broad, wide”).
senses_examples:
text:
[…] fresnel spotlights, old-type broads, sky-pans, cone-lights, etc.
ref:
1974, The Video Handbook, page 71
type:
quotation
text:
Some broads have barn doors (see page 115) to block gross light spill into other set areas; others have even an adjustable beam, […]
ref:
1976, Herbert Zettl, Television Production Handbook, volume 10, page 105
type:
quotation
text:
Light bounced from large white surfaces (e.g., matte reflector boards, or a white ceiling). Floodlights include scoops, broads, floodlight, banks, internally reflected units, strip lights, and cyclorama lights.
ref:
2015, Jim Owens, Television Production, page 194
type:
quotation
text:
I reckon as old Sol couldn't ha' lived without a pack of broads. If he couldn't find anybody to play with him, he'd play alone, […]
ref:
1927, Arthur Morris Binstead, The works of A. M. Binstead, volume 2, page 118
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A shallow lake, one of a number of bodies of water in eastern Norfolk and Suffolk.
A lathe tool for turning down the insides and bottoms of cylinders.
A British gold coin worth 20 shillings, issued by the Commonwealth of England in 1656.
A kind of floodlight.
A playing card.
senses_topics:
broadcasting
film
media
television
|
8130 | word:
broad
word_type:
noun
expansion:
broad (plural broads)
forms:
form:
broads
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
broad
etymology_text:
Early 20th century, from American English. Perhaps from broad hips. Or from abroadwife (“woman who lives or travels without her husband, often a slave”). There may also have been influence from bride and/or its German cognate Braut (“bride”, also “girlfriend”, and more generally “broad, young woman”).
senses_examples:
text:
They always hook you in the end, them broads. This whole trouble is on account of a dame reads a book.
ref:
1950, Albert Mannheimer, Born Yesterday, spoken by Harry Brock
type:
quotation
text:
Hey, man, Truck, you got to understand, she's a no class broad and you a gross son of a bitch. Naturally, she don't like you.
ref:
1974, Oscar Williams, Michael Allin, Truck Turner, spoken by Jerry
type:
quotation
text:
The grunts resumed their bitching at the heat, the hills, and the lack of cold beer and hot broads.
ref:
1984, Charles Robert Anderson, The Grunts, Berkley Books, page 157
type:
quotation
text:
I mean, what the fuck. If a guy wants to get on with a broad on a more or less stable basis, who's to say to him no? Huh? A lot of these broads, you know, you just don't know, you know. I mean, a young woman in today's society, by the time she's 22–23, you don't know where the fuck she's been.
ref:
1986, Tim Kazurinsky, Denise DeClue, About Last Night, spoken by Bernie (Jim Belushi)
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A prostitute, a woman of loose morals.
A woman or girl.
senses_topics:
|
8131 | word:
guitar
word_type:
noun
expansion:
guitar (plural guitars)
forms:
form:
guitars
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
guitar
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā)bor.
Aramaic קיתראbor.
Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra)bor.
Spanish guitarrabor.
English guitar
From Spanish guitarra, from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), from Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā). Doublet of cithara, cither, and zither.
senses_examples:
text:
Learning to strum the guitar rhythmically is essential.
type:
example
text:
She was carrying her guitar in a fancily-decorated case.
type:
example
text:
The band is looking for a new guitar player.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A stringed musical instrument, of European origin, usually with a fretted fingerboard and six strings, played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick).
Any type of musical instrument of the lute family, characterized by a flat back, along with a neck whose upper surface is in the same plane as the soundboard, with strings along the neck and parallel to the soundboard.
senses_topics:
entertainment
lifestyle
music
entertainment
lifestyle
music |
8132 | word:
guitar
word_type:
verb
expansion:
guitar (third-person singular simple present guitars, present participle guitaring, simple past and past participle guitared)
forms:
form:
guitars
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
guitaring
tags:
participle
present
form:
guitared
tags:
participle
past
form:
guitared
tags:
past
wikipedia:
guitar
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā)bor.
Aramaic קיתראbor.
Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra)bor.
Spanish guitarrabor.
English guitar
From Spanish guitarra, from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), from Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā). Doublet of cithara, cither, and zither.
senses_examples:
text:
We guitared and drummed and head banged and pianoed.
ref:
2020, Becky Manawatu, Auē, page 139
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To play the guitar.
senses_topics:
|
8133 | word:
control
word_type:
verb
expansion:
control (third-person singular simple present controls, present participle controlling, simple past and past participle controlled)
forms:
form:
controls
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
controlling
tags:
participle
present
form:
controlled
tags:
participle
past
form:
controlled
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English controllen, from Old French contrerole, from Medieval Latin contrārotulum (“a counter-roll or register used to verify accounts”), from Latin contrā (“against, opposite”) + Medieval Latin rotulus, Latin rotula (“roll, a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”).
senses_examples:
text:
With a simple remote, he could control the toy truck.
type:
example
text:
In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
ref:
2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To exercise influence over; to suggest or dictate the behavior of.
(construed with for) To design (an experiment) so that the effects of one or more variables are reduced or eliminated.
To verify the accuracy of (something or someone, especially a financial account) by comparison with another account.
To call to account, to take to task, to challenge.
To hold in check, to curb, to restrain.
senses_topics:
mathematics
sciences
statistics
|
8134 | word:
control
word_type:
noun
expansion:
control (countable and uncountable, plural controls)
forms:
form:
controls
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English controllen, from Old French contrerole, from Medieval Latin contrārotulum (“a counter-roll or register used to verify accounts”), from Latin contrā (“against, opposite”) + Medieval Latin rotulus, Latin rotula (“roll, a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”).
senses_examples:
text:
The government has complete control over the situation.
type:
example
text:
She had no control of her body as she tumbled downhill. She did not know up from down. It was not unlike being cartwheeled in a relentlessly crashing wave.
ref:
2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times
type:
quotation
text:
The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you[…] "share the things you love with the world" and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.
ref:
2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 27
type:
quotation
text:
The entries in the control accounts reflect respectively the effect of the transactions on the value of Korrinna company’s receivables (sales ledger control account) and payables (purchase ledger control account.
ref:
2006, Henry Lunt, Fundamentals of Financial Accounting, page 297
type:
quotation
text:
Make sure you enter the total of any credit balances in the sales ledger into the Sales Ledger Control Account and the total of any debit balances in the purchase ledger into the Purchase Ledger Control Account.
ref:
2012, Harold Randall, David Hopkins, Cambridge International AS and A Level Accounting Textbook, page 78
type:
quotation
text:
Wages Control Account: This account records wage transactions in aggregate. Postings are made from wage analysis sheet. This account is debited with gross wages (paid and accrued) and is closed by transfer of direct wages to work-in-progress and indirect wages to factory, administration and selling and distribution overheads control accounts as illustrated below:
ref:
2012, Aurora M.N., A textbook of Cost and Management Accounting, 10th Edition, page 12-3
type:
quotation
text:
[…] the self-acknowledged stereotype of the audaxer as a socially awkward middle-aged man, […] carefully avoiding eye contact as a volunteer serves him his cup of tea and plate of baked beans in one of the draughty village halls that typically host audax controls.
ref:
2019, Emily Chappell, Where There's a Will
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An influence or authority over something.
The method and means of governing the performance of any apparatus, machine or system, such as a lever, handle or button.
Restraint or ability to contain one's movements or emotions, or self-control.
A security mechanism, policy, or procedure that can counter system attack, reduce risks, and resolve vulnerabilities; a safeguard or countermeasure.
A means of monitoring for, and triggering intervention in, activities that are not going according to plan.
A control group or control experiment.
A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or register.
An interface element that a computer user interacts with, such as a window or a text box (abbreviated Ctrl).
Any of the physical factors determining the climate of a place, such as latitude, distribution of land and water, altitude, exposure, prevailing winds, permanent high- or low-barometric-pressure areas, ocean currents, mountain barriers, soil, and vegetation.
A construction in which the understood subject of a given predicate is determined by an expression in context. See control.
A spirit that takes possession of a psychic or medium and allows other spirits to communicate with the living.
A checkpoint along an audax route.
senses_topics:
computing
engineering
graphical-user-interface
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences
climatology
natural-sciences
human-sciences
linguistics
sciences
lifestyle
parapsychology
pseudoscience
religion
spiritualism
cycling
hobbies
lifestyle
sports |
8135 | word:
cattle
word_type:
noun
expansion:
cattle pl (normally plural, singular cattle)
forms:
form:
cattle
tags:
singular
wikipedia:
Indian English
cattle
etymology_text:
From Middle English catel, from Anglo-Norman catel (“personal property”), from Old Northern French (compare French cheptel, Old French chetel, chatel, also English chattel) from Medieval Latin capitāle, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (whence also capital, from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”)). For the sense evolution, compare pecuniary and fee. Also compare Russian поголо́вье (pogolóvʹje, “total number of livestock”) from Russian голова́ (golová, “head”). Doublet of capital and chattel.
senses_examples:
text:
Do you want to raise cattle?
type:
example
text:
Mr. Jos had hired a pair of horses for his open carriage, with which cattle, and the smart London vehicle, he made a very tolerable figure in the drives about Brussels.
ref:
1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 29, in Vanity Fair, page 246
type:
quotation
text:
The Dover mail was in its usual genial position that the guard suspected the passengers, the passengers suspected one another and the guard, they all suspected everybody else, and the coachman was sure of nothing but the horses; as to which cattle he could with a clear conscience have taken his oath on the two Testaments that they were not fit for the journey.
ref:
1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, Book the First, chapter 2
type:
quotation
text:
Mangcorn is utilized partly as human food, and partly as fodder for cattle, especially for fattening swine, for which purpose it is considered peculiarly adapted.
ref:
1923, Norwegian Trade Review, numbers 6-8, page 39
type:
quotation
text:
"I always knew it, but I always denied it, because I'm one of them, and I'm like them." ¶"We're just cattle," the Prison Governor said, relieved now.
ref:
1961, Gerald Hanley, The Journey Homeward, page 155
type:
quotation
text:
goods and cattle
text:
That then every person so offending and convict, shall for his third offence, forfeit to our Sovereign Lady the Queen, all his goods and cattles, and shall suffer imprisonment during his life.
ref:
1552, Parliament of England, An Act for the Uniformity of Common Prayer, and Service in the Church, and Administration of the Sacraments
type:
quotation
text:
1684 July. Mistris Dorothy Gray, Adminnestratrix of the Goods and Cattles of Mr Edward Gray, late of Plymouth, deceased, […]
ref:
1684, Records of the Colony of New Plymouth, in New England, published 1856
type:
quotation
text:
The temptation of a lone white man was too great for any gathering of myall-natives, and sheep-fat and cattle-steak seemed there for the spearing, so that a stockman always ran the risk of attack, especially if his shepherds interfered with the native women.
ref:
a. 1964, Stephen Henry Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia, 1835-1847, Melbourne University Press, published 1964, page 315
type:
quotation
text:
“But you cooked a human being and ate him,” say I.
“I couldn’t help it,” says she. “I remember the cattle steaks of the old days, the juicy pork, the dripping joints of lamb, the venison.”
ref:
a. 1978, Barry Hannah, “Eating Wife and Friends”, in Airships, Grove Press, published 1994, page 137
type:
quotation
text:
Believe it or not Big Mac is one of the ultra radicals who provide fast food cattle burgers to interstate vehicles who drive all over the place providing scraps for rats, cats, flies, etc, so that the Mad Cow Disease might spread even faster than it would otherwise do.
ref:
1996 April 3, Emmett Jordan, “Re: AR activist arrested for spreading 'Mad Cow' disease in US”, in rec.food.veg (Usenet)
type:
quotation
text:
If a particular whale species isn't endangered, then there's not a blind bit of difference between butchering them or cattle.
ref:
2005 June 25, "Serge" (username), "Re: WOW!!!! WHALE BURGERS...... McDonalds Don't You Get Any Ideas", in aus.politics and other newsgroups, Usenet
roman:
Whale burgers. Cattle burgers......no difference!
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Domesticated animals of the species Bos taurus (cows, bulls, steers, oxen etc).
Certain other livestock, such as sheep, pigs or horses.
People who resemble domesticated bovine animals in behavior or destiny.
chattel
Used in restricted contexts to refer to the meat derived from cattle.
senses_topics:
law
|
8136 | word:
USA
word_type:
name
expansion:
USA or the USA
forms:
form:
USA
tags:
canonical
form:
the USA
tags:
canonical
wikipedia:
USA
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
The Defense Distinguished Service Medal was awarded to GEN Martin Dempsey, USA.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Initialism of United States of America.
Initialism of United States Army.
Initialism of Union of South Africa.
senses_topics:
government
military
politics
war
|
8137 | word:
USA
word_type:
noun
expansion:
USA (plural USAs)
forms:
form:
USAs
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
USA
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Abbreviation of United States Attorney.
senses_topics:
|
8138 | word:
otter
word_type:
noun
expansion:
otter (plural otters)
forms:
form:
otters
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
otter
etymology_text:
From Middle English oter, otir, otur, otyre, from Old English otor, from Proto-West Germanic *otr, from Proto-Germanic *utraz, from Proto-Indo-European *udrós (“aquatic, water-animal”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Otter, Dutch otter, German Otter, Swedish utter, Norwegian oter, Icelandic otur, Sanskrit उद्र (udrá), Russian вы́дра (výdra), and Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra, “water snake”). Doublet of Hydra and hydra. More etymology under English water.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
An aquatic or marine carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae of the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others.
A hairy man with a slender physique, in contrast with a bear, who is more thickset.
senses_topics:
LGBT |
8139 | word:
otter
word_type:
noun
expansion:
otter (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
otter
etymology_text:
Corruption of annotto.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
annatto (dye)
senses_topics:
|
8140 | word:
otter
word_type:
noun
expansion:
otter (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
otter
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
[…] the precious perfume called otter of roses.
ref:
1809, William Jones, A Grammar of the Persian Language, page 8
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Archaic form of attar.
senses_topics:
|
8141 | word:
blackbird
word_type:
noun
expansion:
blackbird (plural blackbirds)
forms:
form:
blackbirds
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English blakebird, blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”), equivalent to black + bird.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere.
A variety of New World birds of the family Icteridae (26 species of icterid bird).
A native of the South Pacific islands.
senses_topics:
|
8142 | word:
blackbird
word_type:
verb
expansion:
blackbird (third-person singular simple present blackbirds, present participle blackbirding, simple past and past participle blackbirded)
forms:
form:
blackbirds
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
blackbirding
tags:
participle
present
form:
blackbirded
tags:
participle
past
form:
blackbirded
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English blakebird, blacbrid (“ouzel; Eurasian blackbird”), equivalent to black + bird.
senses_examples:
text:
2005, Wal F. Bird, Me No Go Mally Bulla: Recruiting and Blackbirding in the Queensland Labour Trade 1863–1906, Ginninderra Press, →ISBN, →ISBN:
type:
quotation
text:
At the same time, island communities — especially in coastal areas, where the effect of population loss was often enormous — sometimes retaliated against blackbirding raids.
ref:
2000, Kate Fortune, Brij V. Lal, The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia – Volume 1, University of Hawaiʻi, page 208
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To enslave someone, especially through chicanery or force
senses_topics:
|
8143 | word:
sovereign
word_type:
adj
expansion:
sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)
forms:
form:
more sovereign
tags:
comparative
form:
most sovereign
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
sovereign
etymology_text:
From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.
senses_examples:
text:
sovereign nation
type:
example
text:
Her voice was her sovereign talent.
type:
example
text:
Homer of Moly and Nepenthe singes:
Moly, the gods most soveraigne hearbe divine.
Nepenth Hellen's drink, which gladnes brings,—
ref:
1876, John Davies, “[Tobacco.]”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Complete Poems of Sir John Davies. Edited, with Memorial-Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. Alexander B. Grosart. In Two Volumes (Early English Poets), volume II, London: Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 226
type:
quotation
roman:
Hart's greife repells, and doth yᵉ witts refine.
text:
In Spain people still bathe in the sea or roll naked in the dew of the meadows on St. John’s Eve, believing that this is a sovereign preservative against diseases of the skin.
ref:
1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 3, page 297
type:
quotation
text:
Gentlemen, may I introduce Her Royal Highness, the Sovereign and Most Imperial Majesty, Empress Elizabeth of Vicron.
type:
example
text:
You're the keeper of the castle
So be a father to your children
The provider of all their daily needs
Like a sovereign Lord protector
Be their destiny's director
And they'll do well to follow where you lead.
ref:
1972, Brian Potter, Dennis Lambert (lyrics and music), “Keeper of the Castle”, performed by The Four Tops
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Exercising power of rule.
Exceptional in quality.
Extremely potent or effective (of a medicine, remedy etc.).
Having supreme, ultimate power.
Princely; royal.
Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.
senses_topics:
medicine
pharmacology
sciences
|
8144 | word:
sovereign
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sovereign (plural sovereigns)
forms:
form:
sovereigns
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
sovereign
etymology_text:
From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.
senses_examples:
text:
No question is to be made but that the bed of the Missisippi belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation.
ref:
1785, Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia
type:
quotation
text:
A loose network of perhaps tens of thousands of far-right antigovernment extremists, sovereigns share certain conspiratorial beliefs and, sometimes, a desire to profit off a government whose legitimacy they deny.
ref:
2019 March 29, Ashley Powers, “How Sovereign Citizens Helped Swindle $1 Billion From the Government They Disavow”, in The New York Times, →ISSN
type:
quotation
text:
No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’.
ref:
2004, December 11, "Birkenhead, Merseyside" BBC Voices recording (0:06:52)
text:
No visible tattoos, sovereigns, mismatched jewellery, scrunchies, large clips or hoop earrings.
ref:
2011 July 1, Caroline Davies, “Harrods 'ladies' code' drives out sales assistant”, in The Guardian
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A monarch; the ruler of a country.
One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation.
One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation.
Ellipsis of sovereign citizen.
A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.
A former Australian gold coin, minted from 1855–1931, of one pound value.
A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 25 liters, equivalent to 33+¹⁄₃ standard bottles.
Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalini, or genus Basilarchia, eg., ursula, viceroy.
A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring.
senses_topics:
|
8145 | word:
sovereign
word_type:
verb
expansion:
sovereign (third-person singular simple present sovereigns, present participle sovereigning, simple past and past participle sovereigned)
forms:
form:
sovereigns
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
sovereigning
tags:
participle
present
form:
sovereigned
tags:
participle
past
form:
sovereigned
tags:
past
wikipedia:
sovereign
etymology_text:
From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To rule over as a sovereign.
senses_topics:
|
8146 | word:
royal we
word_type:
noun
expansion:
royal we (plural royal we's or (rare) royal wes)
forms:
form:
royal we's
tags:
plural
form:
royal wes
tags:
plural
rare
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
Queen Victoria is the monarch most commonly associated with the use of the royal we, as in "We are not amused."
type:
example
text:
The string of royal we’s in lines 19–27 conflates his personal responsibility with those of the civic institution and the city fathers, and the two analogies he appeals to along the way have self-exculpatory force.
ref:
1997, Harry Berger, Jr., “What Does the Duke Know and When Does He Know It? Carrying the Torch in Measure for Measure”, in Peter Erickson, editor, Making Trifles of Terrors: Redistributing Complicities in Shakespeare, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, page 347
type:
quotation
text:
I know there are certain conventions of style to be observed when one writes for a professional journal. I’s indicative of real people must be suppressed, even at the cost of substituting royal we’s.
ref:
1999, Peter Gould, “[Thinking about Teaching] What Is Worth Teaching in Geography?”, in Becoming a Geographer, Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, published 2000, page 238
type:
quotation
text:
It may not sound very revolutionary to the modern ear—with all those royal wes and the orotund periods of Ciceronian dimensions which, with their apparently endless sub-clauses building slowly to a climax as they do, would probably read and sound better in Latin.
ref:
2000, Edward Stourton, Absolute Truth: The Struggle for Meaning in Today’s Catholic Church, New York, N.Y.: TV Books, page 31
type:
quotation
text:
“So it wasn’t a royal we,” said Jane, turning around to face former Evanston police detective Bruce Oh and his wife, Claire. / Bruce Oh raised an eyebrow slightly, which for him was a thoroughly out-of-character display of expression. Jane did not know, however, whether he was surprised to see her or had no idea what she meant by the reference to the royal we. / “When we spoke on the phone,” said Jane,” you said when we return from California, but I didn’t know you were in California, so I thought you were just—”
ref:
2006, Sharon Fiffer, Hollywood Stuff, New York, N.Y.: Minotaur, St. Martin’s Press
type:
quotation
text:
“We want you to apply to Stanford, UCSF, University of Chicago, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dana-Farber, Mass General, University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, and the National Cancer Institute.” We is Herr Doktor Ultmann, a royal we. “You will get a letter of recommendation from us. Every time you see a place, you will rank every one of them until that point. Then you will call and tell us what your choice is.”
ref:
2011, Otis Webb Brawley with Paul Goldberg, How We Do Harm: A Doctor Breaks Ranks About Being Sick in America, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, published 2012, page 145
type:
quotation
text:
The narrator remarks, “[W]e know that Nestor shouldn’t drink that drink (Alice! Dorothy!) but the anger blooming in his chest will cause him to see one of the men and think he is a good-looking man. (We hate to admit that the men are good-looking.) We know, even through their clothes, that they are slick as seals and hard” (174). The content of the two parentheticals signal that this is a royal we speaking; its royal we tone is a blend of a camp sensibility with a genuine pathos for poor Nestor. It is a mock royal we that goes over the top with its tone to make a serious point.
ref:
2016, Ralph E. Rodriguez, “I Digress: Reading Chicano Narrative and Manuel Muñoz’s “Monkey, Sí””, in William Orchard, Yolanda Padilla, editors, Bridges, Borders, and Breaks: History, Narrative, and Nation in Twenty-First-Century Chicana/o Literary Criticism, Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press
type:
quotation
text:
“If I had the energy, I’d object to your high-handed bossiness.” / “Mmm, I’ll give you a rain check, how’s that? Now, we need to get you out of these clothes.” / “I’ve got a headache, Chance. I think I can still manage to undress on my own.” / He grinned. “That was one of those royal we’s.[…]”
ref:
2018, Mindy Neff, The Doctor’s Instant Family
type:
quotation
text:
He let his hand drop and, without preamble, said, “I am old, cousin. I would see this war end before my reign does.” The royal we was gone again, but he amended the breach as he continued. “You are thinking that we do not look old, but you are palatine.[…]”
ref:
2020, Christopher Ruocchio, Demon in White (The Sun Eater; 3), New York, N.Y.: DAW Books, page 18
type:
quotation
text:
Regarding we, scholars have developed taxonomies clarifying potential referents: a common distinction is between inclusive we, referencing both speaker and hearer (we instead of you and I), exclusive we, referencing speaker and a group not including the hearer (we meaning we without you), and a royal we referencing only the speaker, as traditionally used by a sovereign (Fontaine 2006; Íñigo-Mora 2004).
ref:
2021, Eean Grimshaw, Menno H. Reijven, ““We Have a Big Crowd”: The Different Referents of the First-Person Plural in U.S. Presidential Candidates’ Talk on Entertainment-Political Interviews”, in Monika Kirner-Ludwig, editor, Fresh Perspectives on Major Issues in Pragmatics, New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge
type:
quotation
text:
For example, in lines 021–022, Mr. Bader says we in “excuse me skateboard people, we are recognizing the order of events.” It is not immediately clear whom we refers to in this case. There are at least four possibilities: an inclusive we, an exclusive we, a “royal we” and a “patronizing we.” We might refer inclusively to Mr. Bader and all of the students in the room. We might refer exclusively to Mr. Bader and only some of the students in the room (for example, perhaps not the “skateboard people”). In its “royal” form, we might refer to Mr. Bader alone, speaking about himself in the plural because of his social status.
ref:
2021, Stanton Wortham, Angela Reyes, “Central tools and techniques”, in Discourse Analysis Beyond the Speech Event, 2nd edition, Abingdon, Oxon, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, page 50
type:
quotation
text:
She’s still droning on about the conference using the royal we because she likes to pretend that her bosses care enough to involve her in their decisions. / ‘There’s a large new prospective client going. We need you to secure them.’
ref:
2021, Kate G. Smith, You’ve Got Mail, London: Orion Books
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The first-person plural pronoun we as traditionally used by a sovereign in formal speech to refer to themselves in their role as the monarch.
senses_topics:
|
8147 | word:
cheese
word_type:
noun
expansion:
cheese (countable and uncountable, plural cheeses or (archaic) cheesen)
forms:
form:
cheeses
tags:
plural
form:
cheesen
tags:
archaic
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Latin cāseusbor.
Proto-West Germanic *kāsī
Old English ċīese
Middle English chese
English cheese
From Middle English chese, from Old English ċīese, specifically the Anglian form ċēse, from Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus. Doublet of queso.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Síes (“cheese”), West Frisian tsiis (“cheese”), Dutch kaas (“cheese”), German Low German Kees (“cheese”), German Käse (“cheese”).
senses_examples:
text:
In the tomographic images of the 30-day-old cheeses, the gantry had to be removed with image processing techniques: first, the binarised image (grey level larger than 10⁴) was eroded with a disk of three pixels.
ref:
2015 August 24, Dominik Guggisberg et al., “Mechanism and control of the eye formation in cheese”, in International Dairy Journal, volume 47, Elsevier, →DOI, pages 118–127
type:
quotation
text:
1807, Nutt, F. (1807). The Complete Confectioner: Or, The Whole Art of Confectionary Made Easy: Containing, Among a Variety of Useful Matter, the Art of Making the Various Kinds of Biscuits, Drops ... as Also the Most Approved Method of Making Cheeses, Puddings, Cakes &c. in 250 Cheap and Fashionable Receipts. The Result of Many Years Experience with the Celebrated Negri and Witten. United Kingdom: reprinted, for Richard Scott and sold at his bookstore, no. 243 Pearl-street.
p.82-3, No.244. Damson Cheese: “Pick the damsons free from stalks···You may make plum or bullace cheese in the same way···”
text:
It's time to add some cheese to this action burger! Every genre has them, everybody loves them ... it's the parodies!
ref:
2012, Katrina Hill, Action Movie Freak, page 117
type:
quotation
text:
A film ostensibly about the lead singer of a hair metal band killing innocent people on a future planet Earth, Alienator is the epitome of low-budget cheese.
ref:
2012 June 18, Ryan Lambie, “10 delightfully cheesy 90s sci-fi movie trailers”, in Den of Geek!, archived from the original on 2017-07-07
type:
quotation
text:
2006, US Patent 7458053, International Business Machines Corporation
It is known in the art to insert features that are electrically inactive (“fill structures”) into a layout to increase layout pattern density or and to remove features from the layout (“cheese structures”) to decrease layout pattern density.
text:
Apple pulp is poured into the cloth until the frame is full. The edges of the cloth are folded over the pulp forming a cloth-bound bed of apple pulp, called a 'cheese' as it resembles the European-style bound cheese. The frame is removed, a divider is placed on the 'cheese' and another 'cheese' is built on top of the first, and so on.
ref:
2011, P. Rutledge, “Production of Non-Fermented Fruit Products”, in D. Arthey, P.R. Ashurst, editors, Fruit Processing, page 77
type:
quotation
text:
The time was morning; the young lady was not fifteen; her spirits were as the spirits of a fawn in May; her tour of duty for the day was either not come, or was gone; and, finding herself alone in a spacious room, what more reasonable thing could she do than amuse herself with making cheeses? that is, whirling round, according to a fashion practised by young ladies both in France and England, and pirouetting until the petticoat is inflated like a balloon, and then sinking into a courtesy.
ref:
1853, Thomas De Quincey, “I Enter the World”, in Autobiographic Sketches
type:
quotation
text:
"I thank your ladyship, I don't like tanzing, and I don't like cards," says Miss Hester, tossing up her head; and, dropping a curtsey like a "cheese," she strutted away from the Countess's table.
ref:
1857, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 34, in The Virginians
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk.
Any particular variety of cheese.
A piece of cheese, especially one moulded into a large round shape during manufacture.
A thick variety of jam (fruit preserve), as distinguished from a thinner variety (sometimes called jelly)
A substance resembling cream cheese, such as lemon cheese
That which is melodramatic, overly emotional, or cliché, i.e. cheesy.
Money.
In skittles, the roughly ovoid object that is thrown to knock down the skittles.
A fastball.
A dangerous mixture of black tar heroin and crushed Tylenol PM tablets. The resulting powder resembles grated cheese and is snorted.
Smegma.
Holed pattern of circuitry to decrease pattern density.
A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed together in the shape of a cheese.
The flat, circular, mucilaginous fruit of dwarf mallow (Malva rotundifolia) or marshmallow (Althaea officinalis).
A low curtsey; so called on account of the cheese shape assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after extending the skirts by a rapid gyration.
senses_topics:
ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
|
8148 | word:
cheese
word_type:
verb
expansion:
cheese (third-person singular simple present cheeses, present participle cheesing, simple past and past participle cheesed)
forms:
form:
cheeses
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
cheesing
tags:
participle
present
form:
cheesed
tags:
participle
past
form:
cheesed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Latin cāseusbor.
Proto-West Germanic *kāsī
Old English ċīese
Middle English chese
English cheese
From Middle English chese, from Old English ċīese, specifically the Anglian form ċēse, from Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus. Doublet of queso.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Síes (“cheese”), West Frisian tsiis (“cheese”), Dutch kaas (“cheese”), German Low German Kees (“cheese”), German Käse (“cheese”).
senses_examples:
text:
Yeah, a couple homegirls cheese they little faces off / They happy cause they finally got they braces off
ref:
2013, Michael W. Eagle II (lyrics and music), “Degrassi Picture Day” (track 1), in Sir Rockabye, performed by Open Mike Eagle and Busdriver
type:
quotation
text:
Now Kunihiko sprinted back up the stairs. Exploded through the bar with three sacks of convenience store chicken, cheesing from ear to ear.
ref:
2020, Bryan Washington, Memorial, Atlantic Books (2021), page 189
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To prepare curds for making cheese.
To make holes in a pattern of circuitry to decrease pattern density.
To smile excessively, as for a camera.
senses_topics:
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
technology
|
8149 | word:
cheese
word_type:
intj
expansion:
cheese!
forms:
form:
cheese!
tags:
canonical
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Perhaps an alteration of cheers.
senses_examples:
text:
Say "cheese"! ... and there we are!
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Said while being photographed, to give the impression of smiling.
senses_topics:
arts
hobbies
lifestyle
photography |
8150 | word:
cheese
word_type:
noun
expansion:
cheese (uncountable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Though commonly claimed to be a borrowing of Persian چیز (čiz, “thing”), the term does not occur earliest in Anglo-Indian sources, but instead is "well recorded in British and Australian sources from the 1840s onwards".
senses_examples:
text:
These cheroots are the real cheese.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Wealth, fame, excellence, importance.
The correct thing, of excellent quality; the ticket.
senses_topics:
|
8151 | word:
cheese
word_type:
verb
expansion:
cheese (third-person singular simple present cheeses, present participle cheesing, simple past and past participle cheesed)
forms:
form:
cheeses
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
cheesing
tags:
participle
present
form:
cheesed
tags:
participle
past
form:
cheesed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Etymology unknown. Possibly an alteration of cease.
senses_examples:
text:
Cheese it! The cops!
type:
example
text:
Cheese your patter! (= stop talking, shut up)
type:
example
text:
All this waiting around is really cheesing me off.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To stop; to refrain from.
To anger or irritate someone, usually in combination with "off".
senses_topics:
|
8152 | word:
cheese
word_type:
verb
expansion:
cheese (third-person singular simple present cheeses, present participle cheesing, simple past and past participle cheesed)
forms:
form:
cheeses
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
cheesing
tags:
participle
present
form:
cheesed
tags:
participle
past
form:
cheesed
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From cheesy.
senses_examples:
text:
You can cheese most of the game using certain exploits.
type:
example
text:
The term cheesing is also pretty common. However, at least originally, ticking had a more specific meaning, ie hitting someone and then throwing after they block, whereas cheesing would be anything "cheap", and thereore depended on the user [...]
ref:
1993, Alex Werner, alt.games.sf2 (Usenet)
type:
quotation
text:
The moral of the story is, real strategy doesn't apply in WH40K. Find out where your opponent cheesed himself up and hit him there with everything you've got.
ref:
2000, cyber...@my-deja.com, rec.games.miniatures.warhammer (Usenet)
type:
quotation
text:
"Cheesing" means to shoot for the 9-ball (in 9-ball) before being on the 9-ball (i.e. shooting at the 1-ball to hit the 9-ball in). Basically if you can do it, you'll win the game (but perhaps not much respect).
ref:
2001, Samiel, rec.sport.billiard (Usenet)
type:
quotation
text:
For example, he was accused of "cheating" when he modified his in-game play techniques—without the use of cheat codes—but in ways that were unexpected to his opponents. Taking these actions (called cheesing by some in game play discourse) was unexpected, because the actions diverged from courses of action perceived as normal in the real-world activity the game simulated.
ref:
2008, Reed Stevens, Tom Satwicz, Laurie McCarthy, “In-Game, In-Room, In-World: Reconnecting Video Game Play to the Rest of Kids’ Lives”, in Katie Salen, editor, The Ecology of Games: Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning (The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning), Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, →DOI, page 54
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To use a controversial or unsporting tactic to gain an advantage (especially in a game.)
To use an unconventional, all-in strategy to take one's opponent by surprise early in the game (especially for real-time strategy games).
senses_topics:
games
gaming
video-games |
8153 | word:
sog
word_type:
noun
expansion:
sog (plural sogs)
forms:
form:
sogs
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Of uncertain origin. Possibly of North Germanic origin (compare Icelandic söggur (“moist”), dialectal Norwegian søgg (“moist”), dialectal Swedish sögg, sygg (“something moist”)), from Old Norse söggr (“dank, wet”), from Proto-Germanic *sawwijaz, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *sawwą (“moisture, sap, juice”), related to Old English ġesēaw (“full of moisture, soaked”), Old English sēaw (“moisture, juice, humour”). The verb is possibly related to soak.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Marsh-like land, bog-like land.
senses_topics:
|
8154 | word:
sog
word_type:
verb
expansion:
sog (third-person singular simple present sogs, present participle sogging, simple past and past participle sogged)
forms:
form:
sogs
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
sogging
tags:
participle
present
form:
sogged
tags:
participle
past
form:
sogged
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Of uncertain origin. Possibly of North Germanic origin (compare Icelandic söggur (“moist”), dialectal Norwegian søgg (“moist”), dialectal Swedish sögg, sygg (“something moist”)), from Old Norse söggr (“dank, wet”), from Proto-Germanic *sawwijaz, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *sawwą (“moisture, sap, juice”), related to Old English ġesēaw (“full of moisture, soaked”), Old English sēaw (“moisture, juice, humour”). The verb is possibly related to soak.
senses_examples:
text:
Two red-coated sportsmen, while hunting close to our village the other day, got into a small but deep pond. They were said to have fallen into the “stank,” and got “zogged” through: for a small pond is a “stank,” and to be “zogged” is equivalent to being soaked.
ref:
1983 [1898], J. Arthur Gibbs, “The Language of the Cotswolds, with Some Ancient Songs and Legends”, in A Cotswold Village, or Country Life and Pursuits in Gloucestershire, 3rd edition, London: Breslich & Foss, page 84
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To soak, steep or saturate.
To be soaked, steeped or saturated.
senses_topics:
|
8155 | word:
plenum
word_type:
noun
expansion:
plenum (plural plenums or plena)
forms:
form:
plenums
tags:
plural
form:
plena
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Latin plēnum, noun use of neuter of plēnus (“full”). The sense of "legislative meeting" is a semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”), from the same Latin source.
senses_examples:
text:
The idea was that a thing could only move into an empty place, and that, in a plenum, there are no empty places.
ref:
1946, Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy
type:
quotation
text:
The key to understanding medieval interpretations of motion in hypothetically void space is to realize that medieval natural philosophers analyzed the same bodies in the void that they discussed in the plenum of their ordinary world.
ref:
2001, Edward Grant, God and Reason in the Middle Ages, page 176
type:
quotation
text:
He lay on the long stone slant down to the slapping waves, his denim shorts, sneakers, and socks under his head for a pillow, feeling the splendour of distance in all directions, the liquid silence, the plenum of aloneness.
ref:
1974, Guy Davenport, Tatlin!
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A space that is completely filled with matter.
A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something).
A legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present.
An enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure.
The space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.
A type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code. These cables produce less smoke and fumes in the event of fire.
senses_topics:
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
physics
computing
engineering
mathematics
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
sciences |
8156 | word:
lightning
word_type:
noun
expansion:
lightning (usually uncountable, plural lightnings)
forms:
form:
lightnings
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Lightning (disambiguation)
lightning
etymology_text:
From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.
senses_examples:
text:
Although we did not see the lightning, we did hear the thunder.
type:
example
text:
It was the thought of hot July and August days, when the clouds piled up like woolly mountains, and lightnings streaked the sky.
ref:
1901, E. L. Morris, The Child's Eden, page 16
type:
quotation
text:
Manny drove a few miles per hour under the speed limit, entranced by the awesome display of lightning streaking out of the clouds toward earth.
ref:
2008, Kathy Clark, Stand By Your Man, page 280
type:
quotation
text:
"Ruu": The adults in the village all said that children like me could calm the lightning and turn the storms into timely rain.
ref:
2021 October 13, Genshin Impact, v2.2, miHoYo, iOS, Android, Windows, PS4, level/area: The Sun-Wheel and Mt. Kanna
type:
quotation
text:
The lightning was hot enough to melt the sand.
type:
example
text:
That tree was hit by lightning.
type:
example
text:
The rain at length ceased; and the lightnings, as they played along the black parapet of clouds, that lay piled in the east, shone with less dazzling fierceness, […]
ref:
1881, Daniel Pierce Thompson, The Green Mountain Boys, page 281
type:
quotation
text:
I took some gin but it did little to calm my mood. […] 'Come now, Bess,' she entreated, and poured another glass of lightning. 'Tell your old mother everything.' I took a gulp of the spirit, then babbled all, showing her the loot now in my possession.
ref:
2017, Jake Arnott, The Fatal Tree
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.
A discharge of this kind.
Anything that moves very fast.
Gin.
Obsolete form of lightening.
senses_topics:
|
8157 | word:
lightning
word_type:
adj
expansion:
lightning (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
Lightning (disambiguation)
lightning
etymology_text:
From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.
senses_examples:
text:
The insurgents then began their lightning advance along the Euphrates in the Sunni heartland toward Baghdad.
ref:
2018, Nader Uskowi, Temperature Rising, page 69
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Extremely fast or sudden; moving (as if) at the speed of lightning.
senses_topics:
|
8158 | word:
lightning
word_type:
verb
expansion:
lightning (third-person singular simple present lightnings, present participle lightninging, simple past and past participle lightninged)
forms:
form:
lightnings
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
lightninging
tags:
participle
present
form:
lightninged
tags:
participle
past
form:
lightninged
tags:
past
wikipedia:
Lightning (disambiguation)
lightning
etymology_text:
From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.
senses_examples:
text:
Or if it thundered and lightninged, Aunt Frances always dropped everything she might be doing and held Elizabeth Ann tightly in her arms until it was all over.
ref:
1916, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Understood Betsy
type:
quotation
text:
The next day, though it is not only raining but thundering and lightninging as well, antiquing is seen by three-fourths of those present as a lesser evil than free play.
ref:
1968, Dan Greenburg, Chewsday: a sex novel
type:
quotation
text:
"Hey!" yelled Reggie, pulling her back. "Get in here! It's lightninging. I don't want a charcoal-broiled friend!"
ref:
1987, Tricia Springstubb, Eunice Gottlieb and the unwhitewashed truth about life
type:
quotation
text:
I don't know, Father, but believe me, it has been a horrible night — one that I'll never forget. It thundered and lightninged, and I was very hungry.
ref:
1988, Carlo Collodi, Roberto Innocenti, The adventures of Pinocchio
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To produce lightning.
senses_topics:
|
8159 | word:
dairy
word_type:
noun
expansion:
dairy (countable and uncountable, plural dairies)
forms:
form:
dairies
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
dairy
etymology_text:
Origin 1250–1300 (Middle English daierie and other forms), from dey (“dairymaid”) + -ery.
senses_examples:
text:
Go and fetch the butter from the dairy.
type:
example
text:
Can you go and buy some yoghurt and blue cheese from the dairy?
type:
example
text:
Her dairies as Wallop had called them were on display, or at least as much of them as she and Ruth could not contrive to cover.
ref:
2011, Kate Moore, To Seduce an Angel
type:
quotation
text:
My routine changed in February because I stopped alcohol, caffeine and dairy. Normally, I would have drunk a strong beer before I went to bed and made an espresso in the morning. It’s boring now but healthier.
ref:
2023 May 14, Alix Strauss, “How the Head of a Filmmaking Center Spends His Sundays”, in The New York Times
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A place, often on a farm, where milk is processed and turned into products such as butter and cheese.
A dairy farm.
A shop selling dairy products.
A corner store, superette or minimart.
A woman's breast.
(also dairy products or dairy produce) Products produced from milk.
senses_topics:
|
8160 | word:
dairy
word_type:
adj
expansion:
dairy (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
dairy
etymology_text:
Origin 1250–1300 (Middle English daierie and other forms), from dey (“dairymaid”) + -ery.
senses_examples:
text:
Is this milk dairy or soy?
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Referring to products produced from milk.
Referring to products produced from milk.
Referring to products produced from animal milk as opposed to non-milk substitutes.
Referring to the milk production and processing industries.
On food labelling, containing fats only from dairy sources (e.g. dairy ice cream).
senses_topics:
|
8161 | word:
kral
word_type:
noun
expansion:
kral (plural krals)
forms:
form:
krals
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Archaic form of kraal.
senses_topics:
|
8162 | word:
cause
word_type:
noun
expansion:
cause (countable and uncountable, plural causes)
forms:
form:
causes
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
* From Middle English cause (also with the sense of “a thing”), borrowed from Old French cause (“a cause, a thing”), borrowed from Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), from Proto-Italic *kaussā, which is of unknown origin. Doublet of chose (“(law) a thing; personal property”). See accuse, excuse, recuse, ruse. Displaced native Old English intinga.
* From Middle English causen, Old French causer and Medieval Latin causāre.
senses_examples:
text:
They identified a burst pipe as the cause of the flooding.
type:
example
text:
There is no cause for alarm.
type:
example
text:
The end of the war was a cause for celebration.
type:
example
text:
He has no cause to do that.
type:
example
text:
I'm not fighting for anything anymore, except myself. I'm the only cause I'm interested in.
ref:
1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca, spoken by Rick (Humphrey Bogart)
type:
quotation
text:
There is much to regret about America's failure in Vietnam. The reasons are etched in black marble on the Washington Mall. But we had believed the cause that America had asked us to serve in Vietnam was a worthy one, and millions who defended it had done so honorably.
ref:
1999, John McCain, Faith of My Fathers, New York: Random House, page 348
type:
quotation
text:
"I thought you were loyal to the cause, Paul."
“I was,” Grayson answered. “Then I saw the kind of people who share your vision, and I had a change of heart.”
ref:
2008, Drew Karpyshyn, “Epilogue”, in Mass Effect: Ascension, Del Rey Books, page 341
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.
Sufficient reason.
A goal, aim or principle, especially one which transcends purely selfish ends.
Sake; interest; advantage.
Any subject of discussion or debate; a matter; an affair.
A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.
senses_topics:
law |
8163 | word:
cause
word_type:
verb
expansion:
cause (third-person singular simple present causes, present participle causing, simple past and past participle caused)
forms:
form:
causes
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
causing
tags:
participle
present
form:
caused
tags:
participle
past
form:
caused
tags:
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
cause
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
* From Middle English cause (also with the sense of “a thing”), borrowed from Old French cause (“a cause, a thing”), borrowed from Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), from Proto-Italic *kaussā, which is of unknown origin. Doublet of chose (“(law) a thing; personal property”). See accuse, excuse, recuse, ruse. Displaced native Old English intinga.
* From Middle English causen, Old French causer and Medieval Latin causāre.
senses_examples:
text:
The lightning caused thunder.
type:
example
text:
An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic[…]real kidneys[…]. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.
ref:
2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly)
type:
quotation
text:
His dogged determination caused the fundraising to be successful.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To set off an event or action; to bring about; to produce.
To actively produce as a result, by means of force or authority.
To assign or show cause; to give a reason; to make excuse.
senses_topics:
|
8164 | word:
cause
word_type:
conj
expansion:
cause
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
* From Middle English cause (also with the sense of “a thing”), borrowed from Old French cause (“a cause, a thing”), borrowed from Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), from Proto-Italic *kaussā, which is of unknown origin. Doublet of chose (“(law) a thing; personal property”). See accuse, excuse, recuse, ruse. Displaced native Old English intinga.
* From Middle English causen, Old French causer and Medieval Latin causāre.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of 'cause; because
senses_topics:
|
8165 | word:
strike
word_type:
verb
expansion:
strike (third-person singular simple present strikes, present participle striking, simple past struck or (see usage notes) striked or (all obsolete) strook or stroke or strake, past participle struck or (see usage notes) stricken or (both obsolete) strucken or strook)
forms:
form:
strikes
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
striking
tags:
participle
present
form:
struck
tags:
past
form:
striked
tags:
past
form:
strook
tags:
obsolete
past
form:
stroke
tags:
obsolete
past
form:
strake
tags:
obsolete
past
form:
struck
tags:
obsolete
participle
past
form:
stricken
tags:
obsolete
participle
past
form:
strucken
tags:
obsolete
participle
past
form:
strook
tags:
obsolete
participle
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.
senses_examples:
text:
Please strike the last sentence.
type:
example
text:
Strike the door sharply with your foot and see if it comes loose. A bullet struck him. The ship struck a reef.
type:
example
text:
The 0812 Huddersfield-Sheffield service struck the stabiliser leg of a lorry being used to take away portable toilets after local repair work.
ref:
2021 December 29, “Network News: RAIB: tighten up supervision after 27mph train sideswipe incident”, in RAIL, number 947, page 8
type:
quotation
text:
A hammer strikes against the bell of a clock.
type:
example
text:
We will strike a medal in your honour.
type:
example
text:
[I]n practice, small deformations will occur in the shell on striking the shuttering, or... alternatively, some small deformations are due to slightly imperfect placing of the original formwork.
ref:
1977, Jaques Heyman, Equilibrium of Shell Structures, Clarendon Press, Oxford, page 107
type:
quotation
text:
The ship struck in the night.
type:
example
text:
The clock struck twelve. The drums strike up a march.
type:
example
text:
to strike a light
type:
example
text:
to strike a match
type:
example
text:
A tree strikes its roots deep.
type:
example
text:
The bank robber struck on the 2nd and 5th of May.
type:
example
text:
The first thing to strike my eye was a beautiful pagoda. Tragedy struck when his brother was killed in a bush fire.
type:
example
text:
Golf has always struck me as a waste of time.
type:
example
text:
The news struck a sombre chord.
type:
example
text:
Defender Chris Baird struck twice early in the first half to help Fulham move out of the relegation zone and ease the pressure on manager Mark Hughes.
ref:
2010 December 28, Marc Vesty, “Stoke 0-2 Fulham”, in BBC
type:
quotation
text:
to strike the mind with surprise; to strike somebody with wonder, alarm, dread, or horror
type:
example
text:
In like manner the writings of mere men[…]strike and surprise us most upon our first perusal of them[…].
ref:
1734, Francis Atterbury, “A Sermon Preached at the Rolls, December 24, 1710: The Baptist's Message to Jesus, and Jesus's Answer Explained”, in Sermons on Several Occasions, new edition, volume I, published from the originals by Thomas Moore, London; reprinted in Sermons and Discourses on Several Subjects and Occasions, volume II, London, 1820, page 25
type:
quotation
text:
Court-virtues bear, like gems, the highest rate, / Born where Heav'n's influence scarce can penetrate. / In life's low vale, the soil the virtues like, / They please as beauties, here as wonders strike.
ref:
1734, Alexander Pope, An Epistle To The Right Honourable Richard Lord Viscount Cobham; reprinted in Henry W. Boynton, editor, The Complete Poetical Works of Alexander Pope (The Cambridge Edition of the Poets), Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1903, page 159, lines 141–144
type:
quotation
text:
The proposed plan strikes me favourably.
type:
example
text:
I was struck dumb with astonishment.
type:
example
text:
Now we haue well bousd, let vs strike some chete.
Now we have well drunk, let us steal something.
ref:
1567, Thomas Harman, “The vpright Coſe cateth to the Roge. [The Upright Man speaketh to the Rogue.]”, in 'A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursitors, vulgarly called vagabonds'; reprinted in Charles Hindley, editor, A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursetors, Vulgarly called Vagabonds, London: Reeves and Turner, 1871, page 119
type:
quotation
text:
Hee being thus duſted with meale, intreated the meale man to wipe it out of his necke, and ſtoopte downe his head: the meale man laughing to ſee him ſo rayed and whited, was willing to ſhake off the meal, and the whilſt, while hee was buſie about that, the Nippe had ſtroken the purſe and done his feate, and both courteouſly thanked the meale man and cloſely / went away with his purchaſe.
He being thus dusted with meal, entreated the meal-man to wipe it out of his neck, and stooped down his head, the meal-man laughing to see him so arrayed and whited, was willing to shake off the meal, and while he was busy about that, the nip had stroken the purse and done his feat, and both courteously thanked the meal-man and closely went away with his purchase.
ref:
1591, Robert Greene, “A discourse, or rather discovery of the Nip and the Foist, laying open the nature of the Cutpurse and Pick-pocket.”, in 'The Second Part of Conny-catching', London: John Wolfe; reprinted in Alexander B. Grosart, editor, 'The Life and Complete Works in Prose and Verse of Robert Greene', volume 10, London, Aylesbury: Hazell, Watson and Viney, 1881, page 112
type:
quotation
text:
I must borrow money, / And that some call a striking; [...]
ref:
1655, James Shirley, 'The Gentleman of Venice'; reprinted in William Gifford, Alexander Dyce, editors, 'The Dramatic Works and Poems of James Shirley', volume 5, London: John Murray, 1833, page 6
type:
quotation
text:
The frigate has struck, sir! We've beaten them, the lily-livers!
type:
example
text:
Two men were put to work who could not set their looms; a third man was taken on who helped the inefficients to set the looms. The other weavers thought this was a breach of their union rules and 18 of them struck […]
ref:
1889, New York (State). Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Statistics, Annual Report (part 2, page 127)
text:
It appears that a compositor had been engaged for the Northem Territory Times, and for a considerable time the editor seems to have led a comparatively unruffled existence; till in an evil hour the compositor was smitten with gold fever, and struck work.
ref:
1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 227
type:
quotation
text:
The crew struck the set with a ferocity hitherto unseen, an army more valiant in retreat than advance.
ref:
1979, Texas Monthly, volume 7, number 8, page 109
type:
quotation
text:
They struck off along the river.
type:
example
text:
to strike into reputation; to strike into a run
type:
example
text:
to strike a bargain, to strike a great bargain
type:
example
text:
to strike a deal
type:
example
text:
to strike an agreement
type:
example
text:
to strike a compromise
type:
example
text:
to strike a pact
type:
example
text:
to strike a truce, to strike an uneasy truce
type:
example
text:
to strike an accord
type:
example
text:
to strike an alliance
type:
example
text:
to strike a ceasefire
type:
example
text:
to strike an armistice
type:
example
text:
to strike a balance, to strike a delicate balance between
type:
example
text:
to strike gold
type:
example
text:
Howard Franklin and Henry Madison strike gold on the Fortymile River...
ref:
1998, “A Gold Rush Timeline”, in The Brasher Bulletin, volume 10, number 2, page 5
type:
quotation
text:
My eye struck a strange word in the text. They soon struck the trail.
type:
example
text:
In the teache the subject is still further evaporated, till it is judged sufficiently boiled to be removed from the fire. This operation is usually called striking; (i.e.) lading the liquor, now exceedingly thick, into the cooler.
ref:
1793, Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies, volume II, London: John Stockdale; republished in englarged and corrected edition, volume III, Philadelphia: James Humphreys, 1806, page 46
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To delete or cross out; to scratch or eliminate.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To hit.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to; to dash; to cast.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To deliver a quick blow or thrust; to give blows.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To manufacture, as by stamping.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To run upon a rock or bank; to be stranded; to run aground.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or notify by audible strokes. Of a clock, to announce (an hour of the day), usually by one or more sounds.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To sound by percussion, with blows, or as if with blows.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly, as by a stroke.
To have a sharp or sudden physical effect, as from a blow.
To cause to ignite by friction.
To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To punish; to afflict; to smite.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To carry out a violent or illegal action.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To act suddenly, especially in a violent or criminal way.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To impinge upon.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To impress, seem or appear to (a person).
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To create an impression.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To score a goal.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To make a sudden impression upon, as if by a blow; to affect with some strong emotion.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To affect by a sudden impression or impulse.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To steal or rob; to take forcibly or fraudulently.
To have a sharp or severe effect on a more abstract level.
To borrow money from; to make a demand upon.
To touch; to act by appulse.
To take down, especially in the following contexts.
To haul down or lower (a flag, mast, etc.)
To take down, especially in the following contexts.
To capitulate; to signal a surrender by hauling down the colours.
To take down, especially in the following contexts.
To stop working as a protest to achieve better working conditions.
To take down, especially in the following contexts.
To quit (one's job).
To take down, especially in the following contexts.
To dismantle and take away (a theater set; a tent; etc.).
To take down, especially in the following contexts.
To unfasten, to loosen (chains, bonds, etc.).
To set off on a walk or trip.
To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to penetrate.
To break forth; to commence suddenly; with into.
To become attached to something; said of the spat of oysters.
To make and ratify; to reach; to find.
To discover a source of something, often a buried raw material such as ore (especially gold) or crude oil.
To level (a measure of grain, salt, etc.) with a straight instrument, scraping off what is above the level of the top.
To cut off (a mortar joint, etc.) even with the face of the wall, or inward at a slight angle.
To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly.
To lade thickened sugar cane juice from a teache into a cooler.
To stroke or pass lightly; to wave.
To advance; to cause to go forward; used only in the past participle.
To balance (a ledger or account).
senses_topics:
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
nautical
transport
business
construction
manufacturing
masonry
business
manufacturing
sugar-making
|
8166 | word:
strike
word_type:
noun
expansion:
strike (plural strikes)
forms:
form:
strikes
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.
senses_examples:
text:
It was then I knew I had made my third mistake. Yes, three strikes right across the plate, and as I hollered "Honey, please wait" she was gone.
ref:
1996, Lyle Lovett, “Her First Mistake”, in The Road to Ensenada
type:
quotation
text:
Thus hand strikes now include single knuckle strikes, knife hand strikes, finger strikes, ridge hand strikes etc., and leg strikes include front kicks, knee strikes, axe kicks,[…]
ref:
1990, Chris Traish, Leigh Olsson, An Overview of Martial Arts, page 14
type:
quotation
text:
[…] and they could hear the rough sound, could hear too the first strikes of rain as though called down by the music.
ref:
1996, Annie Proulx, Accordion Crimes
type:
quotation
text:
He's got machine guns and hatchets and swords / And some missiles and foods with trans-fats / He will unleash mass destruction, you're dead / You just got smashed... by the ¶ Attack of the Wrath of the / War of the Death of the / Strike of the Sword of the / Blood... of the Beast
ref:
2008, Lich King (band), “Attack of the Wrath of the War of the Death of the Strike of the Sword of the Blood of the Beast”, in Toxic Zombie Onslaught
type:
quotation
text:
air strike; first strike
type:
example
text:
The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.
ref:
1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 207
type:
quotation
text:
The batsmen have crossed, and Dhoni now has the strike.
type:
example
text:
a strike of malt; a strike of coin
type:
example
text:
The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).
ref:
2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847
type:
quotation
text:
I must admit that my focus was divided, which limited my fishing success. I made a few casts, then arranged my inanimate subjects and took photos. When my indicator went down on my first strike, I cleanly missed the hook up.
ref:
2014, Michael Gorman, Effective Stillwater Fly Fishing, page 87
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A status resulting from a batter swinging and missing a pitch, or not swinging at a pitch when the ball goes in the strike zone, or hitting a foul ball that is not caught.
The act of knocking down all ten pins on the first roll of a frame.
A work stoppage (or otherwise concerted stoppage of an activity) as a form of protest.
A blow or application of physical force against something.
An attack, not necessarily physical.
In an option contract, the price at which the holder buys or sells if they choose to exercise the option.
An old English measure of corn equal to the bushel.
The status of being the batsman that the bowler is bowling at.
The primary face of a hammer, opposite the peen.
The compass direction of the line of intersection between a rock layer and the surface of the Earth or another solid celestial body.
An instrument with a straight edge for levelling a measure of grain, salt, etc., scraping off what is above the level of the top; a strickle.
Fullness of measure; the whole amount produced at one time.
Excellence; quality.
An iron pale or standard in a gate or fence.
A puddler's stirrer.
The extortion of money, or the attempt to extort money, by threat of injury; blackmail.
The discovery of a source of something.
The strike plate of a door.
A nibble on the bait by a fish.
A cancellation postmark.
senses_topics:
ball-games
baseball
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
bowling
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
government
military
politics
war
business
finance
ball-games
cricket
games
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
geography
geology
natural-sciences
arts
crafts
hobbies
ironworking
lifestyle
fishing
hobbies
lifestyle
hobbies
lifestyle
philately |
8167 | word:
difference
word_type:
noun
expansion:
difference (countable and uncountable, plural differences)
forms:
form:
differences
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
difference
etymology_text:
From Middle English difference, from Old French difference, from Latin differentia (“difference”), from differēns (“different”), present participle of differre. Doublet of differentia.
Morphologically differ + -ence.
senses_examples:
text:
You need to learn to be more tolerant of difference.
type:
example
text:
There are three differences between these two pictures.
type:
example
text:
But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.
ref:
2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 11
type:
quotation
text:
We have our little differences, but we are firm friends.
type:
example
text:
Away therefore went I with the constable, leaving the old warden and the young constable to compose their difference as they could.
ref:
1714, Thomas Ellwood, The History of the Life of Thomas Ellwood: written by his own hand
type:
quotation
text:
It just won't make much difference to me.
type:
example
text:
It just won't make much of a difference to anyone.
type:
example
text:
As she did so Fanny put down her book , stood up and stretched her arms, and at once Jessamy noticed a difference. It was the same Fanny but not the Fanny who climbed trees and tore her frock playing in the garden. It was as though a young lady film had settled over her, neatening her unruly hair, which was tied back with a large black bow, and primly composing her small mouth.
ref:
1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, page 105
type:
quotation
text:
The difference between 3 and 21 is 18.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The quality of being different.
A characteristic of something that makes it different from something else.
A disagreement or argument.
Significant change in or effect on a situation or state.
The result of a subtraction; sometimes the absolute value of this result.
Choice; preference.
An addition to a coat of arms to distinguish two people's bearings which would otherwise be the same. See augmentation and cadency.
The quality or attribute which is added to those of the genus to constitute a species; a differentia.
A Boolean operation which is true when the two input variables are different but is otherwise false; the XOR operation ( scriptstyle A◌̅B+◌̅AB).
The set of elements that are in one set but not another ( scriptstyle A◌̅B).
senses_topics:
government
heraldry
hobbies
lifestyle
monarchy
nobility
politics
human-sciences
logic
mathematics
philosophy
sciences
algebra
mathematics
sciences |
8168 | word:
difference
word_type:
verb
expansion:
difference (third-person singular simple present differences, present participle differencing, simple past and past participle differenced)
forms:
form:
differences
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
differencing
tags:
participle
present
form:
differenced
tags:
participle
past
form:
differenced
tags:
past
wikipedia:
difference
etymology_text:
From Middle English difference, from Old French difference, from Latin differentia (“difference”), from differēns (“different”), present participle of differre. Doublet of differentia.
Morphologically differ + -ence.
senses_examples:
text:
[…] and souls, like in the mass, but differenced in themselves, with special gifts, duties and joys […]
ref:
1901 [1839], Philip James Bailey, Festus: A Poem, London: George Routledge & Sons, page 10
type:
quotation
text:
In the Calais Roll the arms of William de Warren […] are differenced by the addition of a canton said to be that of Fitzalan […]
ref:
1904, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory, London: T.C. & E.C. Jack, page 344
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To distinguish or differentiate.
senses_topics:
|
8169 | word:
Rom
word_type:
name
expansion:
Rom
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Romani rrom (“Romani man”), probably ultimately from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma, “member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers”). See some more information at Roma.
The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.
Not related to Romanian or Roman.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The ethnic designation used by the Romani people from Eastern Europe.
The Romani language.
senses_topics:
|
8170 | word:
Rom
word_type:
noun
expansion:
Rom (plural Roms or Roma)
forms:
form:
Roms
tags:
plural
form:
Roma
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Romani rrom (“Romani man”), probably ultimately from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma, “member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers”). See some more information at Roma.
The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.
Not related to Romanian or Roman.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A member of the Romani people.
A male member of the Romani people who is married and considered respectable amongst the family.
senses_topics:
|
8171 | word:
Rom
word_type:
adj
expansion:
Rom (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Romani rrom (“Romani man”), probably ultimately from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma, “member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers”). See some more information at Roma.
The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.
Not related to Romanian or Roman.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Romani: of or pertaining to the Roma people.
senses_topics:
|
8172 | word:
Rom
word_type:
name
expansion:
Rom
forms:
wikipedia:
River Rom
etymology_text:
Back-formation from Romford.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A short river in Greater London which flows into the River Thames.
senses_topics:
|
8173 | word:
loss
word_type:
noun
expansion:
loss (countable and uncountable, plural losses)
forms:
form:
losses
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English los, from Old English los (“damage, destruction, loss”), from Proto-Germanic *lusą (“dissolution, break-up, loss”), from Proto-Indo-European *lews- (“to cut, sunder, separate, loose, lose”). Cognate with Icelandic los (“dissolution, looseness, break-up”), Old English lor, forlor (“loss, ruin”), Middle High German verlor (“loss, ruin”). More at lose.
senses_examples:
text:
loss of limb; weight loss; loss of cognitive functions; loss of appetite.
type:
example
text:
In other areas, glacier loss creates serious risk of a dry period across the Third Pole, Wang said.
type:
example
text:
It was a terrible crash; both cars were total losses.
type:
example
text:
The match ended in their first loss of the season.
type:
example
text:
We mourn his loss.
type:
example
text:
The battle was won, but losses were great.
type:
example
text:
Her daughter's sense of loss eventually led to depression.
type:
example
text:
The sum of expenditures and taxes minus total income is a loss, when this difference is positive.
type:
example
text:
The inefficiency of many old-fashioned power plants exceeds 60% loss before the subsequent losses during transport over the grid.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The result of no longer possessing an object, a function, or a characteristic due to external causes or misplacement.
The destruction or ruin of an object.
Something that has been destroyed or ruined.
Defeat; an instance of being defeated.
The death of a person or animal.
The condition of grief caused by losing someone or something, especially someone who has died.
The sum an entity loses on balance.
Electricity of kinetic power expended without doing useful work.
senses_topics:
business
finance
financial
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences |
8174 | word:
loss
word_type:
verb
expansion:
loss
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
Pronunciation spelling of lost, representing African-American Vernacular English.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative spelling of lost
senses_topics:
|
8175 | word:
pay
word_type:
verb
expansion:
pay (third-person singular simple present pays, present participle paying, simple past and past participle paid or (obsolete) payed)
forms:
form:
pays
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
paying
tags:
participle
present
form:
paid
tags:
participle
past
form:
paid
tags:
past
form:
payed
tags:
obsolete
participle
past
form:
payed
tags:
obsolete
past
form:
no-table-tags
source:
conjugation
tags:
table-tags
form:
en-conj
source:
conjugation
tags:
inflection-template
form:
pay
tags:
infinitive
source:
conjugation
wikipedia:
Modern English
pay
etymology_text:
From Middle English payen, from Old French paiier (“pay”), from Medieval Latin pācāre (“to settle, satisfy”) from Latin pācāre (“to pacify”). In this sense, displaced native Old English ġield (“pay”) and ġieldan (“to pay”), whence Modern English yield.
senses_examples:
text:
he paid him to clean the place up
type:
example
text:
he paid her off the books and in kind where possible
type:
example
text:
Admiral Hackett: You can pay a soldier to fire a gun. You can pay him to charge the enemy. But you can't pay him to believe.
ref:
2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2
type:
quotation
text:
The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about[…]and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention. Partly, this is a result of how online advertising has traditionally worked: advertisers pay for clicks, and a click is a click, however it's obtained.
ref:
2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 48
type:
quotation
text:
she offered to pay the bill
type:
example
text:
he has paid his debt to society
type:
example
text:
Yet in “Through a Latte, Darkly”, a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain, Edward Kleinbard […] shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate what he calls “stateless income”: […]. In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.
ref:
2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68
type:
quotation
text:
It didn't pay him to keep the store open any more.
type:
example
text:
to pay attention
type:
example
text:
crime doesn’t pay
type:
example
text:
it will pay to wait
type:
example
text:
He was allowed to go as soon as he paid.
type:
example
text:
He paid for his fun in the sun with a terrible sunburn.
type:
example
text:
Sutho took a pull at his Johnny Walker and Coke and laughed that trademark laugh of his and said: `Okay. I'll pay that all right.'
ref:
1996, Jon Byrell, Lairs, Urgers and Coat-Tuggers, Sydney: Ironbark, page 294
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To give money or other compensation to in exchange for goods or services.
To discharge, as a debt or other obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required.
To be profitable for.
To give (something else than money).
To be profitable or worth the effort.
To discharge an obligation or debt.
To suffer consequences.
To admit that a joke, punchline, etc., was funny.
senses_topics:
|
8176 | word:
pay
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pay (countable and uncountable, plural pays)
forms:
form:
pays
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Modern English
pay
etymology_text:
From Middle English payen, from Old French paiier (“pay”), from Medieval Latin pācāre (“to settle, satisfy”) from Latin pācāre (“to pacify”). In this sense, displaced native Old English ġield (“pay”) and ġieldan (“to pay”), whence Modern English yield.
senses_examples:
text:
Many employers have rules designed to keep employees from comparing their pays.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Money given in return for work; salary or wages.
senses_topics:
|
8177 | word:
pay
word_type:
adj
expansion:
pay (not comparable)
forms:
wikipedia:
Modern English
pay
etymology_text:
From Middle English payen, from Old French paiier (“pay”), from Medieval Latin pācāre (“to settle, satisfy”) from Latin pācāre (“to pacify”). In this sense, displaced native Old English ġield (“pay”) and ġieldan (“to pay”), whence Modern English yield.
senses_examples:
text:
pay toilet
type:
example
text:
pay television
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Operable or accessible on deposit of coins.
Pertaining to or requiring payment.
senses_topics:
|
8178 | word:
pay
word_type:
verb
expansion:
pay (third-person singular simple present pays, present participle paying, simple past and past participle payed or paid)
forms:
form:
pays
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
paying
tags:
participle
present
form:
payed
tags:
participle
past
form:
payed
tags:
past
form:
paid
tags:
participle
past
form:
paid
tags:
past
wikipedia:
pay
etymology_text:
From Old French peier, from
Latin picare (“to cover with pitch”).
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To cover (the bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc.) with tar or pitch, or a waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.
senses_topics:
nautical
transport |
8179 | word:
jewel
word_type:
noun
expansion:
jewel (plural jewels)
forms:
form:
jewels
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
jewel
etymology_text:
From Middle English juel, jewel, juwel, jeuel, jowel, from Anglo-Norman juel, from Old French jouel, joel, joiel, hence French joyau, of uncertain origin. Perhaps based ultimately on Latin gaudium (“joy”), or on Latin iocus (“joke; jest”). Compare Medieval Latin jocale.
senses_examples:
text:
Galveston was the jewel of Texas prior to the hurricane.
type:
example
text:
The area between her eyebrows wrinkled with the increasing circular motions her two fingers made on her jewel.
ref:
2008, Another Time, Another Place: Five Novellas
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A precious or semi-precious stone; gem, gemstone.
A valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones; a piece of jewellery.
Anything precious or valuable.
A bearing for a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone.
Any of various lycaenid butterflies of the genus Hypochrysops.
The clitoris.
senses_topics:
hobbies
horology
lifestyle
|
8180 | word:
jewel
word_type:
verb
expansion:
jewel (third-person singular simple present jewels, present participle jewelling or jeweling, simple past and past participle jewelled or jeweled)
forms:
form:
jewels
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
jewelling
tags:
participle
present
form:
jeweling
tags:
participle
present
form:
jewelled
tags:
participle
past
form:
jewelled
tags:
past
form:
jeweled
tags:
participle
past
form:
jeweled
tags:
past
wikipedia:
jewel
etymology_text:
From Middle English juel, jewel, juwel, jeuel, jowel, from Anglo-Norman juel, from Old French jouel, joel, joiel, hence French joyau, of uncertain origin. Perhaps based ultimately on Latin gaudium (“joy”), or on Latin iocus (“joke; jest”). Compare Medieval Latin jocale.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To bejewel; to decorate or bedeck with jewels or gems.
senses_topics:
|
8181 | word:
butter
word_type:
noun
expansion:
butter (usually uncountable, plural butters)
forms:
form:
butters
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
butter
etymology_text:
From Middle English buter, butter, from Old English butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτῡρον (boútūron, “cow cheese”), compound of βοῦς (boûs, “ox, cow”) and τῡρός (tūrós, “cheese”).
senses_examples:
text:
peanut butter
type:
example
text:
soy butter
type:
example
text:
chocolate butter
type:
example
text:
Butters such as cocoa, illippe, kokum, mango, murumuru, sal (shorea) and shea occur naturally and are obtained directly from the plant.
ref:
2016 September 7, Elaine Stavert, Beauty Oils & Butter, GMC PUBLICATIONS LTD
type:
quotation
text:
Butters are triglycerides […]. Cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao) is used as an emollient in topical cosmetic formulations, […] South American and the Brazilian rainforest offer various plants with common butters used in the industry that include […] cupuaçu butter […] and murumuru butter from the murumuru palm tree (Astrocaryum murumuru). India is another source of many butters used in cosmetic products, including kokum butter extracted from the seeds of the Garcinia indica tree, mango butter from the Mangifera indica tree and shea butter[…]
ref:
2019 April 5, Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vania Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth Walters, Cosmetic Formulation: Principles and Practice, CRC Press, page 227
type:
quotation
text:
Butter of antimony; butter of arsenic
type:
example
text:
That landing was total butter!
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk).
Any of various foodstuffs made from other foods or oils, similar in consistency to, eaten like or intended as a substitute for butter (preceded by the name of the food used to make it).
Any of various substances made from other (especially plant-based) oils or fats, used in moisturizers, cosmetics, etc.
Any specific soft substance.
A smooth plane landing.
senses_topics:
chemistry
natural-sciences
physical-sciences
aeronautics
aerospace
aviation
business
engineering
natural-sciences
physical-sciences |
8182 | word:
butter
word_type:
verb
expansion:
butter (third-person singular simple present butters, present participle buttering, simple past and past participle buttered)
forms:
form:
butters
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
buttering
tags:
participle
present
form:
buttered
tags:
participle
past
form:
buttered
tags:
past
wikipedia:
butter
etymology_text:
From Middle English buter, butter, from Old English butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτῡρον (boútūron, “cow cheese”), compound of βοῦς (boûs, “ox, cow”) and τῡρός (tūrós, “cheese”).
senses_examples:
text:
Butter the toast.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To spread butter on.
To move one's weight backwards or forwards onto the tips or tails of one's skis or snowboard so only the tip or tail is in contact with the snow. Similar to applying butter to bread with then end of a butterknife.
To move one's weight backwards or forwards onto the tips or tails of one's skis or snowboard so only the tip or tail is in contact with the snow. Similar to applying butter to bread with then end of a butterknife.
To spin on skis or a snowboard using only the tips or tails being in contact with the snow
To increase (stakes) at every throw of dice, or every game.
senses_topics:
hobbies
lifestyle
skiing
snowboarding
sports
hobbies
lifestyle
skiing
snowboarding
sports
|
8183 | word:
butter
word_type:
noun
expansion:
butter (plural butters)
forms:
form:
butters
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
butter
etymology_text:
From butt + -er.
senses_examples:
text:
[…] these animals lacked self-correcting mechanisms of the kind seen in modern head-butters such as goats and big-horn sheep that would have kept the tremendous forces aligned with the rest of the skeleton.
ref:
2005, David E. Fastovsky, David B. Weishampel, The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs, page 156
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Someone or something that butts.
Someone or something that butts in; a busybody.
senses_topics:
|
8184 | word:
spit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
spit (plural spits)
forms:
form:
spits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The noun is from Middle English spit, spite, spete, spette, spyte, spytte (“rod on which meat is cooked; rod used as a torture instrument; short spear; point of a spear; spine in the fin of a fish; pointed object; dagger symbol; land projecting into the sea”), from Old English spitu (“rod on which meat is cooked; spit”), from Proto-Germanic *spitō (“rod; skewer; spike”), *spituz (“rod on which meat is cooked; stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *spid-, *spey- (“sharp; sharp stick”). The English word is cognate with Dutch spit, Low German Spitt (“pike, spear; spike; skewer; spit”), Danish spid, Swedish spett (“skewer; spit; type of crowbar”).
The verb is derived from the noun, or from Middle English spiten (“to put on a spit; to impale”), from spit, spite: see above. The English verb is cognate with Middle Dutch speten, spitten (modern Dutch speten), Middle Low German speten (Low German spitten, modern German spießen (“to skewer, to spear”), spissen (now dialectal)) and Danish spidde.
senses_examples:
text:
They roaſt a fowl, by running a piece of wood through it, by way of ſpit, and holding it over a briſk fire, until the feathers are burnt of, when it is ready for eating, in their taſte.
ref:
1793, G. Hamilton, “[Appendix to the Tenth Volume of the Monthly Review Enlarged.] A Short Description of Carnicobar”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume X, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], →OCLC, page 509
type:
quotation
text:
An Engliſh family in the country, [...] would receive you with an unquiet hoſpitality, and an anxious politeneſs; and after waiting for a hurry-ſcurry derangement of cloth, table, plates, ſideboard, pot and ſpit, would give you perhaps ſo good a dinner, that none of the family, between anxiety and fatigue, could ſupply one word of converſation, and you would depart under cordial wiſhes that you might never return.—This folly, ſo common in England, is never met with in France: [...]
ref:
1793, Arthur Young, “1788 [chapter]”, in Travels during the Years 1787, 1788 and 1789, Undertaken More Particularly with a View of Ascertaining the Cultivation, Wealth, Resources, and National Prosperity of the Kingdom of France. […] In Two Volumes, volume I, Dublin: Printed for Messrs. R. Cross, […], →OCLC, page 192
type:
quotation
text:
When the joint to be roasted is thicker at one end than the other, place the spit slanting, so that the whole time the thickest part is nearest the fire, and also the thinnest by this means is preserved from being overmuch roasted.
ref:
1817, [William Kitchiner], “Roasting”, in Apicius Redivivus; or, The Cook’s Oracle: […], London: Printed for Samuel Bagster, […], by J. Moyes, […], →OCLC
type:
quotation
text:
The spits upon which the double sections of fish are transfixed are iron rods about 7 feet long, provided with an L-shaped handle at one end, so that when hung on a bracket at either side of the fireplace it may be turned by hand.
ref:
1950, James Hornell, “The Greatest Eel-farm and Eel-trap in the World”, in Fishing in Many Waters, 1st paperback edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, published 2014, page 166
type:
quotation
text:
Sand-spits are unfinished beaches, and long tongues or points of land, formed of sand and shingle, by the transporting action of currents and the waves. In Coldspring harbor, a sand-spit extends from the west shore, obliquely, nearly across. [...] The materials are transported by the currents and waves, and deposited to form this spit.
ref:
1843, William W[illiams] Mather, “Marine Alluvial Detritus”, in Geology of New-York (Natural History of New York; part 4), part I (Comprising the Geology of the First Geological District), Albany, N.Y.: Printed by Carroll & Cook, […], →OCLC, page 28
type:
quotation
text:
Chiao Shih, 44 feet high, lies about 1/2 mile southeastward of Ko-li, a 199-foot islet, that lies close off the south end of Pei-kan-t’ang Tao and is connected to it by a stoney spit.
ref:
1962, Publications, number 94, United States Hydrographic Office, →OCLC, page 228, column 2
type:
quotation
text:
Playa margins are dominated by relict shoreline features, such as wave-cut terraces, depositional beach ridges, and offshore bars and spits.
ref:
2016, Robert C. Graham, A. Toby O’Geen, “Geomorphology and Soils”, in Harold Mooney, Erika Zavaleta, editors, Ecosystems of California, Oakland, Calif.: University of California Press, part 1 (Drivers), page 63, column 1
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A thin metal or wooden rod on which meat is skewered for cooking, often over a fire.
A generally low, narrow, pointed, usually sandy peninsula.
senses_topics:
geography
natural-sciences |
8185 | word:
spit
word_type:
verb
expansion:
spit (third-person singular simple present spits, present participle spitting, simple past and past participle spitted)
forms:
form:
spits
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
spitting
tags:
participle
present
form:
spitted
tags:
participle
past
form:
spitted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The noun is from Middle English spit, spite, spete, spette, spyte, spytte (“rod on which meat is cooked; rod used as a torture instrument; short spear; point of a spear; spine in the fin of a fish; pointed object; dagger symbol; land projecting into the sea”), from Old English spitu (“rod on which meat is cooked; spit”), from Proto-Germanic *spitō (“rod; skewer; spike”), *spituz (“rod on which meat is cooked; stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *spid-, *spey- (“sharp; sharp stick”). The English word is cognate with Dutch spit, Low German Spitt (“pike, spear; spike; skewer; spit”), Danish spid, Swedish spett (“skewer; spit; type of crowbar”).
The verb is derived from the noun, or from Middle English spiten (“to put on a spit; to impale”), from spit, spite: see above. The English verb is cognate with Middle Dutch speten, spitten (modern Dutch speten), Middle Low German speten (Low German spitten, modern German spießen (“to skewer, to spear”), spissen (now dialectal)) and Danish spidde.
senses_examples:
text:
to spit a loin of veal
type:
example
text:
Fried or roast mice, spitted on sticks like kebabs, are often offered for sale by the roadside.
ref:
1991, I. F. La Croix, E. A. S. La Croix, T. M. La Croix, “Malaŵi: Climate and Geography”, in Orchids of Malaŵi: The Epiphytic and Terrestrial Orchids from South and East Central Africa, Rotterdam, Brookfield, Vt.: A[ugust] A[imé] Balkema, page 4, column 2
type:
quotation
text:
[H]e has seen kitchens thrown into turmoil, and he himself has been down in the grey-green hour before dawn, when the brick ovens are swabbed out ready for the first batch of loaves, as carcasses are spitted, pots set on trivets, poultry plucked and jointed.
ref:
2012, Hilary Mantel, “Falcons: Wiltshire, September 1535”, in Bring Up the Bodies, London: Fourth Estate, part 1
type:
quotation
text:
She’s spitting the roast in the kitchen.
type:
example
text:
[H]e saw that the fires scattered all over the massive camp were emitting greasy fumes from the carcasses of the burning animals spitted over the flames.
ref:
2005, Gary Alan Wassner, chapter 36, in The Twins, Port Orchard, Wash.: Windstorm Creative; republished London: Gateway, 2014
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To impale on a spit; to pierce with a sharp object.
To use a spit to cook; to attend to food that is cooking on a spit.
senses_topics:
|
8186 | word:
spit
word_type:
verb
expansion:
spit (third-person singular simple present spits, present participle spitting, simple past and past participle spat or spit)
forms:
form:
spits
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
spitting
tags:
participle
present
form:
spat
tags:
participle
past
form:
spat
tags:
past
form:
spit
tags:
participle
past
form:
spit
tags:
past
wikipedia:
Collins English Dictionary
Oxford Dictionaries
etymology_text:
The verb is from Middle English spē̆ten, spete (“to spit (blood, phlegm, saliva, venom, etc.); of a fire: to emit sparks”), from Old English spǣtan (“to spit; to squirt”); or from Middle English spit, spitte, spitten (“to spit (blood, phlegm, saliva, venom, etc.); of a fire: to emit sparks”), from Old English spittan, spyttan (“to spit”), both from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw, *spyū, ultimately imitative; compare Middle English spitelen (“to spit out, expectorate”) and English spew. The English word is cognate with Danish spytte (“to spit”), North Frisian spütte, Norwegian spytte (“to spit”), Swedish spotta (“to spit”), Old Norse spýta (Faroese spýta (“to spit”), Icelandic spýta (“to spit”)).
The noun is derived from the verb; compare Danish spyt (“spit”), Middle English spit, spytte (“saliva, spittle, sputum”), spet (“saliva, spittle”), spē̆tel (“saliva, spittle”), North Frisian spiit.
senses_examples:
text:
When the mighty duststorm, silent and terrifying, first engulfed her, she thought she would choke. Spitting dust from her dry lips, she ran indoors to protect the children, and found them coughing.
ref:
1974, James A[lbert] Michener, “Drylands”, in Centennial, New York, N.Y.: Random House; Dial Press trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Dial Press, 2015, page 931
type:
quotation
text:
At the very moment he cried out, David realised that what he had run into was only the Christmas tree. Disgusted with himself at such cowardice, he spat a needle from his mouth, stepped back from the tree and listened. There were no sounds of any movement upstairs: no shouts, no sleepy grumbles, only a gentle tinkle from the decorations as the tree had recovered from the collision.
ref:
1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus, London: Hutchinson, page 25; republished London: Arrow Books, Random House Group, 1995, pages 39–40
type:
quotation
text:
The 47-year-old had allegedly been spat at by a passenger at London Victoria who said he had the virus, although a subsequent police investigation concluded that there was insufficient evidence to charge anyone.
ref:
2020 October 21, “Network News: Belly Mujinga”, in Rail, page 11
type:
quotation
text:
a hot pan spitting droplets of fat
type:
example
text:
The wag zigzagged across the field, bumping over ruts in the soil and tangled grass as a stream of bullets followed them from the high-mounted railguns, spitting sparks from the metal sides of the wag.
ref:
2015 May, James Axler [pseudonym; Rik Hoskin], chapter 6, in Hell’s Maw (Outlanders; 73), Don Mills, Ont.: Gold Eagle Books, Worldwide Library, page 73
type:
quotation
text:
It spits snow this afternoon. Saw a flock of snowbirds on the Walden road. I see them so commonly when it is beginning to snow that I am inclined to regard them as a sign of a snow-storm.
ref:
1851 December 24, Henry David Thoreau, “December, 1851 (Æt[atis] 34)”, in Bradford Torrey, editor, The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: Journal, volumes III (September 16, 1851 – April 30, 1852), Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin and Company, published 1906, →OCLC, page 153
type:
quotation
text:
"Why, you little emasculated Don Juan— You—" he spat an unmentionable name— "d'you think I'd fight one of your tin-soldier farces with you? Clear out!"
ref:
1915, Amélie Rives (Princess Troubetzkoy), chapter XXXIX, in Shadows of Flames: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Frederick A[bbott] Stokes Company, →OCLC, page 240
type:
quotation
text:
"Gentleman? You?" he spat.
ref:
2004, Mark Gatiss, “The Mystery of the Two Geologists”, in The Vesuvius Club: A Bit of Fluff (A Lucifer Box Novel), New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster; republished New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, 2005, page 23
type:
quotation
text:
A group of black guys were spitting rhymes in the corner, slapping hands and egging one another on.
ref:
2005, Giselle Zado Wasfie, So Fly, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Griffin
type:
quotation
text:
[…] mutating into all-star line-ups of emcees spitting hot bars over familiar beats, then to a single crew spitting bars over familiar beats, then eventually to a single crew (or artist) spitting bars over unfamiliar beats.
ref:
2021, Jehnie I. Burns, Mixtape Nostalgia: Culture, Memory, and Representation, page 138
type:
quotation
text:
He's spitting for sure.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.
To emit or expel in a manner similar to evacuating saliva from the mouth.
To rain or snow slightly.
To utter (something) violently.
To make a spitting sound, like an angry cat.
To rap, to utter.
(in the form spitting) To spit facts; to tell the truth.
senses_topics:
dancing
hip-hop
hobbies
lifestyle
sports
|
8187 | word:
spit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
spit (countable and uncountable, plural spits)
forms:
form:
spits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The verb is from Middle English spē̆ten, spete (“to spit (blood, phlegm, saliva, venom, etc.); of a fire: to emit sparks”), from Old English spǣtan (“to spit; to squirt”); or from Middle English spit, spitte, spitten (“to spit (blood, phlegm, saliva, venom, etc.); of a fire: to emit sparks”), from Old English spittan, spyttan (“to spit”), both from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw, *spyū, ultimately imitative; compare Middle English spitelen (“to spit out, expectorate”) and English spew. The English word is cognate with Danish spytte (“to spit”), North Frisian spütte, Norwegian spytte (“to spit”), Swedish spotta (“to spit”), Old Norse spýta (Faroese spýta (“to spit”), Icelandic spýta (“to spit”)).
The noun is derived from the verb; compare Danish spyt (“spit”), Middle English spit, spytte (“saliva, spittle, sputum”), spet (“saliva, spittle”), spē̆tel (“saliva, spittle”), North Frisian spiit.
senses_examples:
text:
There was spit all over the washbasin.
type:
example
text:
Sometimes your body doesn't make as much spit as it needs. When you sleep, your salivary glands take a bit of a snooze too. You're still making spit, but not as much. This is why your mouth feels dry when you wake up.
ref:
2010, Connie Colwell Miller, “How Spit Happens”, in The Slimy Book of Spit (The Amazingly Gross Human Body), Mankato, Minn.: Edge Books, Capstone Press, page 19
type:
quotation
text:
[T]hey marked their truce by each of them, Aesir and Vanir alike, one by one spitting into a vat. As their spit mingled, so was their agreement made binding.
ref:
2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 108
type:
quotation
text:
It was early winter in the southern continent, a season of rain and winds and mud, and indeed coals in a nearby brazier hissed with a few spits of rain.
ref:
2015, Col Buchanan, “Return of the King”, in The Black Dream, London: Tor Books
type:
quotation
text:
[…] according to some of the elders of the village, young Philip was the “very spit” of his father, as they once remembered him […]
ref:
1840, The Court Magazine & Monthly Critic and Lady's Magazine, page 405
type:
quotation
text:
Lots of people claimed she was the image of her father (about the same number who saw her as the dead spit of her mother), which was a little disconcerting.
ref:
2011, Kate Konopicky, “Worn-Out Genes”, in A Woman Of No Importance: A Tenderly Observed, Ruthlessly Honest and Hilariously Funny Memoir about the Joys and Horrors of Motherhood, Ebury Publishing
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Saliva, especially when expectorated.
An instance of spitting; specifically, a light fall of rain or snow.
A person who exactly resembles someone else (usually in set phrases; see spitting image).
Synonym of slam (“card game”)
senses_topics:
|
8188 | word:
spit
word_type:
noun
expansion:
spit (plural spits)
forms:
form:
spits
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The noun is from Middle Dutch speet, spit, Middle Low German spêdt, spit (Low German spit); the word is cognate with Dutch spit, North Frisian spatt, spet, West Frisian spit.
The verb is from Middle English spitten (“to dig”), from Old English spittan (“to dig with a spade”), possibly from spitu (“rod on which meat is cooked; spit”); see further at etymology 1. The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch spetten, spitten (modern Dutch spitten), Middle Low German speten, spitten (Low German spitten), North Frisian spat, West Frisian spitte.
senses_examples:
text:
They [the potatoes] ſtood till October, when they were taken up, and a large pye made of them; which is laying them up in a heap, and covering them with ſtraw and a ſpit of earth.
ref:
1791 January 10, Samuel Dunn, Transactions of the Society Instituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; […], volume IX, London: Printed by T. Spilsbury and Son, […]; and sold by Messrs. [James] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 42
type:
quotation
text:
The firſt plantation, containing four thouſand ſix hundred oaks, was formed on part of the ancient Home Park, ſurrounding this Caſtle: the ſoil was dug one full ſpit, and the turf inverted; [...]
ref:
1792 January 1, Lewis Majendie, Transactions of the Society Instituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; […], volume X, London: Printed by T. Spilsbury and Son, […]; and sold by Messrs. [James] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 4
type:
quotation
text:
Soil of the usual depth may be trenched two spit (spadeful) deep; and if this is done every third year, it is evident that the surface which has produced three crops will rest for the next three years; thus giving a much better chance of constantly producing healthy and luxuriant crops, and with one half the manure that would otherwise be requisite.
ref:
1832, “Horticulture”, in David Brewster, editor, The Edinburgh Encyclopædia, [...] In Eighteen Volumes, 1st American edition, volume X, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by Joseph and Edward Parker. […], →OCLC, page 545, column 1
type:
quotation
text:
Proceed as for the single dig but start by removing two spits of topsoil to the far diagonal corner and also one spit of subsoil. Turn the exposed subsoil from hole two into hole one. Incorporate organic matter.
ref:
[2006], NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers, “Production and Management of Medicinal Plants on Farms”, in Cultivation and Processing of Selected Medicinal Plants, Delhi: Asia Pacific Business Press, page 82
type:
quotation
text:
Dig your clay with a ſpade in ſpits of ordinary bricks; dig two, three, eight, ten or twenty loads of clay, more or leſs as you pleaſe; [...] then take theſe ſpits of clay, after they are tried in the ſun, ſurround your pile of wood with them, [...]
ref:
1795 March, Ezra L’Hommedieu, “Observations on Manures”, in Transactions of the Society, for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts and Manufactures, Instituted in the State of New-York, 2nd revised edition, volume I, Albany, N.Y.: Printed by Charles R. and George Webster, […], published 1801, →OCLC, part III (Transactions, &c.), page 235
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The depth to which the blade of a spade goes into the soil when it is used for digging; a layer of soil of the depth of a spade's blade.
The amount of soil that a spade holds; a spadeful.
senses_topics:
|
8189 | word:
spit
word_type:
verb
expansion:
spit (third-person singular simple present spits, present participle spitting, simple past and past participle spitted)
forms:
form:
spits
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
spitting
tags:
participle
present
form:
spitted
tags:
participle
past
form:
spitted
tags:
past
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
The noun is from Middle Dutch speet, spit, Middle Low German spêdt, spit (Low German spit); the word is cognate with Dutch spit, North Frisian spatt, spet, West Frisian spit.
The verb is from Middle English spitten (“to dig”), from Old English spittan (“to dig with a spade”), possibly from spitu (“rod on which meat is cooked; spit”); see further at etymology 1. The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch spetten, spitten (modern Dutch spitten), Middle Low German speten, spitten (Low German spitten), North Frisian spat, West Frisian spitte.
senses_examples:
text:
[T]he double plough, by taking faſt hold of the mould, throws all back again; and if the vegetables are not effectually earthed up, which may be the caſe after double ſpitting the intervals, then running the double plough over again, completes the buſineſs, and ſtrangely toſſes about and mellows the mould.
ref:
1769, “PLOUGH”, in The Complete Farmer: Or, A General Dictionary of Husbandry in All Its Branches; […], 2nd corrected and improved edition, London: Printed for R. Baldwin, […], →OCLC, column 2
type:
quotation
text:
When the [peach] seed is procured it is either "spitted in" with a spade or planted in rows in the nursery.
ref:
1882 May, J. Alexander Fulton, “Delaware Peach Orchards”, in Joseph H. Reall, editor, Agricultural Review and Journal of the American Agricultural Association, volume 2, number 2, New York, N.Y.: Agricultural Review Company, […], →OCLC, page 124
type:
quotation
text:
We left the ground, of field of loam, by ſuppoſition under two ſorts of managements; the one part very rough, and the other made as fine as circumſtances would allow; the former ploughed the uſual depth, the other double ſpitted; [...]
ref:
1758 September 2–5, “A Course of Experiments and Improvements in Agriculture, […]”, in The London Chronicle: Or, Universal Evening Post, volume IV, number 263, London: Sold by J. Wilkie, […], →OCLC, page 219, column 1
type:
quotation
text:
Then the ground is "spitted" or spaded in about six or eight inches deep, as a garden is for a crop of vegetables.
ref:
1882 May, J. Alexander Fulton, “Delaware Peach Orchards”, in Joseph H. Reall, editor, Agricultural Review and Journal of the American Agricultural Association, volume 2, number 2, New York, N.Y.: Agricultural Review Company, […], →OCLC, page 124
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To dig (something) using a spade; also, to turn (the soil) using a plough.
To plant (something) using a spade.
To dig, to spade.
senses_topics:
|
8190 | word:
Occitan
word_type:
name
expansion:
Occitan
forms:
wikipedia:
Occitan language
etymology_text:
From French occitan; see there for more.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.
senses_topics:
|
8191 | word:
Occitan
word_type:
noun
expansion:
Occitan (plural Occitans)
forms:
form:
Occitans
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Occitan language
etymology_text:
From French occitan; see there for more.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Someone of the regional culture that speaks this language; an inhabitant of Occitania.
senses_topics:
|
8192 | word:
Occitan
word_type:
adj
expansion:
Occitan (comparative more Occitan, superlative most Occitan)
forms:
form:
more Occitan
tags:
comparative
form:
most Occitan
tags:
superlative
wikipedia:
Occitan language
etymology_text:
From French occitan; see there for more.
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Of or pertaining to the Romance language Occitan, or the regional culture of the people who speak it.
senses_topics:
|
8193 | word:
nobody
word_type:
pron
expansion:
nobody
forms:
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English nobody, no-body, no body. By surface analysis, no (“none, not any”, adjective) + body (“one, person, individual”).
senses_examples:
text:
I asked several people, but nobody knew how.
type:
example
text:
As nobody who is not blind can have failed to notice, I had my hair cut just yesterday.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Not any person; the logical negation of somebody.
senses_topics:
|
8194 | word:
nobody
word_type:
noun
expansion:
nobody (plural nobodies)
forms:
form:
nobodies
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
etymology_text:
From Middle English nobody, no-body, no body. By surface analysis, no (“none, not any”, adjective) + body (“one, person, individual”).
senses_examples:
text:
‘The nobody you once thought me!’ I repeated, and my face grew a little hot; but I would not be angry: of what importance was a school-girl’s crude use of the terms nobody and somebody?
ref:
1835, Charlotte Brontë, chapter XXVII, in Villette
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Someone who is not important or well-known.
Something that has no body or an especially small one.
senses_topics:
|
8195 | word:
pawn
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pawn (plural pawns)
forms:
form:
pawns
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Pawn
Pawn (chess)
etymology_text:
From Middle English pown, from Anglo-Norman poun, paun (“footman”), from Late Latin pedōnem (“pedestrian”), derived fom Latin ped- (“foot”). Doublet of peon.
senses_examples:
text:
Though a pawn of the gods, her departure is the precipitating cause of the Trojan War.
type:
example
text:
He delivered a broadside to the RMT leadership, saying: "This response to a significantly enhanced offer exposes their true priority - using the British public and NR workers as pawns in a fight with the Government.
ref:
2022 December 14, Mel Holley, “Network News: Strikes go on as RMT rejects RDG's "detrimental" offer”, in RAIL, number 972, page 9
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.
Someone who is being manipulated or used to some end.
senses_topics:
board-games
chess
games
|
8196 | word:
pawn
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pawn (countable and uncountable, plural pawns)
forms:
form:
pawns
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Pawn
Pawnbroker
etymology_text:
From Middle French pan (“pledge, security”), apparently from a Germanic language (compare Middle Dutch pant, Old High German pfant).
senses_examples:
text:
All our jewellery was in pawn by this stage.
type:
example
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
The state of being held as security for a loan, or as a pledge.
An instance of pawning something.
An item given as security on a loan, or as a pledge.
A pawnshop; pawnbroker.
senses_topics:
|
8197 | word:
pawn
word_type:
verb
expansion:
pawn (third-person singular simple present pawns, present participle pawning, simple past and past participle pawned)
forms:
form:
pawns
tags:
present
singular
third-person
form:
pawning
tags:
participle
present
form:
pawned
tags:
participle
past
form:
pawned
tags:
past
wikipedia:
Pawn
Pawnbroker
etymology_text:
From Middle French pan (“pledge, security”), apparently from a Germanic language (compare Middle Dutch pant, Old High German pfant).
senses_examples:
text:
A certain, and probably an appreciable, proportion of his so-called money at call and short notice would consist of fortnightly advances made to members of the Stock Exchange against pawned stocks and shares.
ref:
1904, Henry Warren, The Customer's Guide to Banking, page 7
type:
quotation
text:
But you'd better take your diamond ring, you'd better pawn it, babe.
ref:
1965, Bob Dylan, Like a Rolling Stone
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
To pledge; to stake or wager.
To give as security on a loan of money; especially, to deposit (something) at a pawn shop.
senses_topics:
|
8198 | word:
pawn
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pawn (countable and uncountable, plural pawns)
forms:
form:
pawns
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Pawn
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
text:
A tray filled with pawns, prepared with the usual ingredients, as lime cuttie (a bitter gum), betel-nut, tobacco, spices, &c.
ref:
1832, Meer Hassan Ali, Observations on the Mussulmauns of India
type:
quotation
text:
To our English taste, pawn is very offensive; but the natives of India relish it, and regard it as a necessity. It is much eaten by Mohammedans of both sexes, and by the natives of Bengal.
ref:
1892, Chambers's Journal, volume 69, page 320
type:
quotation
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
Alternative form of paan
senses_topics:
|
8199 | word:
pawn
word_type:
noun
expansion:
pawn (plural pawns)
forms:
form:
pawns
tags:
plural
wikipedia:
Pawn
etymology_text:
senses_examples:
senses_categories:
senses_glosses:
A gallery.
senses_topics:
|
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