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def simple_interest( principal: float, daily_interest_rate: float, days_between_payments: int ) -> float: if days_between_payments <= 0: raise ValueError("days_between_payments must be > 0") if daily_interest_rate < 0: raise ValueError("daily_interest_rate must be >= 0") if principal <= ...
financial
def compound_interest( principal: float, nominal_annual_interest_rate_percentage: float, number_of_compounding_periods: int, ) -> float: if number_of_compounding_periods <= 0: raise ValueError("number_of_compounding_periods must be > 0") if nominal_annual_interest_rate_percentage < 0: ...
financial
def equated_monthly_installments( principal: float, rate_per_annum: float, years_to_repay: int ) -> float: if principal <= 0: raise Exception("Principal borrowed must be > 0") if rate_per_annum < 0: raise Exception("Rate of interest must be >= 0") if years_to_repay <= 0 or not isinstance...
financial
def calculate_waiting_times(duration_times: list[int]) -> list[int]: waiting_times = [0] * len(duration_times) for i in range(1, len(duration_times)): waiting_times[i] = duration_times[i - 1] + waiting_times[i - 1] return waiting_times
scheduling
def calculate_turnaround_times( duration_times: list[int], waiting_times: list[int] ) -> list[int]: return [ duration_time + waiting_times[i] for i, duration_time in enumerate(duration_times) ]
scheduling
def calculate_average_turnaround_time(turnaround_times: list[int]) -> float: return sum(turnaround_times) / len(turnaround_times)
scheduling
def calculate_average_waiting_time(waiting_times: list[int]) -> float: return sum(waiting_times) / len(waiting_times)
scheduling
def __init__(self, process_name: str, arrival_time: int, burst_time: int) -> None: self.process_name = process_name # process name self.arrival_time = arrival_time # arrival time of the process # completion time of finished process or last interrupted time self.stop_time = arrival_time...
scheduling
def __init__( self, number_of_queues: int, time_slices: list[int], queue: deque[Process], current_time: int, ) -> None: # total number of mlfq's queues self.number_of_queues = number_of_queues # time slice of queues that round robin algorithm applied ...
scheduling
def calculate_sequence_of_finish_queue(self) -> list[str]: sequence = [] for i in range(len(self.finish_queue)): sequence.append(self.finish_queue[i].process_name) return sequence
scheduling
def calculate_waiting_time(self, queue: list[Process]) -> list[int]: waiting_times = [] for i in range(len(queue)): waiting_times.append(queue[i].waiting_time) return waiting_times
scheduling
def calculate_turnaround_time(self, queue: list[Process]) -> list[int]: turnaround_times = [] for i in range(len(queue)): turnaround_times.append(queue[i].turnaround_time) return turnaround_times
scheduling
def calculate_completion_time(self, queue: list[Process]) -> list[int]: completion_times = [] for i in range(len(queue)): completion_times.append(queue[i].stop_time) return completion_times
scheduling
def calculate_remaining_burst_time_of_processes( self, queue: deque[Process] ) -> list[int]: return [q.burst_time for q in queue]
scheduling
def update_waiting_time(self, process: Process) -> int: process.waiting_time += self.current_time - process.stop_time return process.waiting_time
scheduling
def first_come_first_served(self, ready_queue: deque[Process]) -> deque[Process]: finished: deque[Process] = deque() # sequence deque of finished process while len(ready_queue) != 0: cp = ready_queue.popleft() # current process # if process's arrival time is later than current...
scheduling
def round_robin( self, ready_queue: deque[Process], time_slice: int ) -> tuple[deque[Process], deque[Process]]: finished: deque[Process] = deque() # sequence deque of terminated process # just for 1 cycle and unfinished processes will go back to queue for _ in range(len(ready_queue)...
scheduling
def multi_level_feedback_queue(self) -> deque[Process]: # all queues except last one have round_robin algorithm for i in range(self.number_of_queues - 1): finished, self.ready_queue = self.round_robin( self.ready_queue, self.time_slices[i] ) # the last ...
scheduling
def job_sequencing_with_deadlines(num_jobs: int, jobs: list) -> list: # Sort the jobs in descending order of profit jobs = sorted(jobs, key=lambda value: value[2], reverse=True) # Create a list of size equal to the maximum deadline # and initialize it with -1 max_deadline = max(jobs, key=lambda va...
scheduling
def calculate_waiting_times(burst_times: list[int]) -> list[int]: quantum = 2 rem_burst_times = list(burst_times) waiting_times = [0] * len(burst_times) t = 0 while True: done = True for i, burst_time in enumerate(burst_times): if rem_burst_times[i] > 0: d...
scheduling
def calculate_turn_around_times( burst_times: list[int], waiting_times: list[int] ) -> list[int]: return [burst + waiting for burst, waiting in zip(burst_times, waiting_times)]
scheduling
def calculate_turn_around_time( process_name: list, arrival_time: list, burst_time: list, no_of_process: int ) -> list: current_time = 0 # Number of processes finished finished_process_count = 0 # Displays the finished process. # If it is 0, the performance is completed if it is 1, before the p...
scheduling
def calculate_waiting_time( process_name: list, turn_around_time: list, burst_time: list, no_of_process: int ) -> list: waiting_time = [0] * no_of_process for i in range(0, no_of_process): waiting_time[i] = turn_around_time[i] - burst_time[i] return waiting_time
scheduling
def calculate_waitingtime( arrival_time: list[int], burst_time: list[int], no_of_processes: int ) -> list[int]: waiting_time = [0] * no_of_processes remaining_time = [0] * no_of_processes # Initialize remaining_time to waiting_time. for i in range(no_of_processes): remaining_time[i] = bur...
scheduling
def calculate_turnaroundtime( burst_time: list[int], no_of_processes: int, waiting_time: list[int] ) -> list[int]: turn_around_time = [0] * no_of_processes for i in range(no_of_processes): turn_around_time[i] = burst_time[i] + waiting_time[i] return turn_around_time
scheduling
def calculate_waitingtime( arrival_time: list[int], burst_time: list[int], no_of_processes: int ) -> list[int]: remaining_time = [0] * no_of_processes waiting_time = [0] * no_of_processes # Copy the burst time into remaining_time[] for i in range(no_of_processes): remaining_time[i] = burst_t...
scheduling
def calculate_turnaroundtime( burst_time: list[int], no_of_processes: int, waiting_time: list[int] ) -> list[int]: turn_around_time = [0] * no_of_processes for i in range(no_of_processes): turn_around_time[i] = burst_time[i] + waiting_time[i] return turn_around_time
scheduling
def calculate_average_times( waiting_time: list[int], turn_around_time: list[int], no_of_processes: int ) -> None: total_waiting_time = 0 total_turn_around_time = 0 for i in range(no_of_processes): total_waiting_time = total_waiting_time + waiting_time[i] total_turn_around_time = total_t...
scheduling
def evaluate(item: str, main_target: str = target) -> tuple[str, float]: score = len( [g for position, g in enumerate(item) if g == main_target[position]] ) return (item, float(score))
genetic_algorithm
def select(parent_1: tuple[str, float]) -> list[str]: random_slice = random.randint(0, len(parent_1) - 1) child_1 = parent_1[:random_slice] + parent_2[random_slice:] child_2 = parent_2[:random_slice] + parent_1[random_slice:] return (child_1, child_2)
genetic_algorithm
def pressure_conversion(value: float, from_type: str, to_type: str) -> float: if from_type not in PRESSURE_CONVERSION: raise ValueError( f"Invalid 'from_type' value: {from_type!r} Supported values are:\n" + ", ".join(PRESSURE_CONVERSION) ) if to_type not in PRESSURE_CONV...
conversions
def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float: if unit_to not in speed_chart or unit_from not in speed_chart_inverse: raise ValueError( f"Incorrect 'from_type' or 'to_type' value: {unit_from!r}, {unit_to!r}\n" f"Valid values are: {', '.join(speed_chart_invers...
conversions
def convert_si_prefix( known_amount: float, known_prefix: str | SIUnit, unknown_prefix: str | SIUnit, ) -> float: if isinstance(known_prefix, str): known_prefix = SIUnit[known_prefix.lower()] if isinstance(unknown_prefix, str): unknown_prefix = SIUnit[unknown_prefix.lower()] unkn...
conversions
def convert_binary_prefix( known_amount: float, known_prefix: str | BinaryUnit, unknown_prefix: str | BinaryUnit, ) -> float: if isinstance(known_prefix, str): known_prefix = BinaryUnit[known_prefix.lower()] if isinstance(unknown_prefix, str): unknown_prefix = BinaryUnit[unknown_pref...
conversions
def hex_to_decimal(hex_string: str) -> int: hex_string = hex_string.strip().lower() if not hex_string: raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function") is_negative = hex_string[0] == "-" if is_negative: hex_string = hex_string[1:] if not all(char in hex_table for char in h...
conversions
def hsv_to_rgb(hue: float, saturation: float, value: float) -> list[int]: if hue < 0 or hue > 360: raise Exception("hue should be between 0 and 360") if saturation < 0 or saturation > 1: raise Exception("saturation should be between 0 and 1") if value < 0 or value > 1: raise Except...
conversions
def rgb_to_hsv(red: int, green: int, blue: int) -> list[float]: if red < 0 or red > 255: raise Exception("red should be between 0 and 255") if green < 0 or green > 255: raise Exception("green should be between 0 and 255") if blue < 0 or blue > 255: raise Exception("blue should be b...
conversions
def hex_to_bin(hex_num: str) -> int: hex_num = hex_num.strip() if not hex_num: raise ValueError("No value was passed to the function") is_negative = hex_num[0] == "-" if is_negative: hex_num = hex_num[1:] try: int_num = int(hex_num, 16) except ValueError: raise...
conversions
def get_positive(cls: type[T]) -> dict: return {unit.name: unit.value for unit in cls if unit.value > 0}
conversions
def get_negative(cls: type[T]) -> dict: return {unit.name: unit.value for unit in cls if unit.value < 0}
conversions
def add_si_prefix(value: float) -> str: prefixes = SIUnit.get_positive() if value > 0 else SIUnit.get_negative() for name_prefix, value_prefix in prefixes.items(): numerical_part = value / (10**value_prefix) if numerical_part > 1: return f"{str(numerical_part)} {name_prefix}" ret...
conversions
def add_binary_prefix(value: float) -> str: for prefix in BinaryUnit: numerical_part = value / (2**prefix.value) if numerical_part > 1: return f"{str(numerical_part)} {prefix.name}" return str(value)
conversions
def weight_conversion(from_type: str, to_type: str, value: float) -> float: if to_type not in KILOGRAM_CHART or from_type not in WEIGHT_TYPE_CHART: raise ValueError( f"Invalid 'from_type' or 'to_type' value: {from_type!r}, {to_type!r}\n" f"Supported values are: {', '.join(WEIGHT_TYPE...
conversions
def binary_recursive(decimal: int) -> str: decimal = int(decimal) if decimal in (0, 1): # Exit cases for the recursion return str(decimal) div, mod = divmod(decimal, 2) return binary_recursive(div) + str(mod)
conversions
def main(number: str) -> str: number = str(number).strip() if not number: raise ValueError("No input value was provided") negative = "-" if number.startswith("-") else "" number = number.lstrip("-") if not number.isnumeric(): raise ValueError("Input value is not an integer") retu...
conversions
def bin_to_octal(bin_string: str) -> str: if not all(char in "01" for char in bin_string): raise ValueError("Non-binary value was passed to the function") if not bin_string: raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function") oct_string = "" while len(bin_string) % 3 != 0: ...
conversions
def oct_to_decimal(oct_string: str) -> int: oct_string = str(oct_string).strip() if not oct_string: raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function") is_negative = oct_string[0] == "-" if is_negative: oct_string = oct_string[1:] if not oct_string.isdigit() or not all(0 <= i...
conversions
def molarity_to_normality(nfactor: int, moles: float, volume: float) -> float: return round(float(moles / volume) * nfactor)
conversions
def moles_to_pressure(volume: float, moles: float, temperature: float) -> float: return round(float((moles * 0.0821 * temperature) / (volume)))
conversions
def moles_to_volume(pressure: float, moles: float, temperature: float) -> float: return round(float((moles * 0.0821 * temperature) / (pressure)))
conversions
def pressure_and_volume_to_temperature( pressure: float, moles: float, volume: float ) -> float: return round(float((pressure * volume) / (0.0821 * moles)))
conversions
def excel_title_to_column(column_title: str) -> int: assert column_title.isupper() answer = 0 index = len(column_title) - 1 power = 0 while index >= 0: value = (ord(column_title[index]) - 64) * pow(26, power) answer += value power += 1 index -= 1 return answer
conversions
def roman_to_int(roman: str) -> int: vals = {"I": 1, "V": 5, "X": 10, "L": 50, "C": 100, "D": 500, "M": 1000} total = 0 place = 0 while place < len(roman): if (place + 1 < len(roman)) and (vals[roman[place]] < vals[roman[place + 1]]): total += vals[roman[place + 1]] - vals[roman[plac...
conversions
def int_to_roman(number: int) -> str: result = [] for arabic, roman in ROMAN: (factor, number) = divmod(number, arabic) result.append(roman * factor) if number == 0: break return "".join(result)
conversions
def volume_conversion(value: float, from_type: str, to_type: str) -> float: if from_type not in METRIC_CONVERSION: raise ValueError( f"Invalid 'from_type' value: {from_type!r} Supported values are:\n" + ", ".join(METRIC_CONVERSION) ) if to_type not in METRIC_CONVERSION: ...
conversions
def length_conversion(value: float, from_type: str, to_type: str) -> float: new_from = from_type.lower().rstrip("s") new_from = TYPE_CONVERSION.get(new_from, new_from) new_to = to_type.lower().rstrip("s") new_to = TYPE_CONVERSION.get(new_to, new_to) if new_from not in METRIC_CONVERSION: rais...
conversions
def length_conversion(value: float, from_type: str, to_type: str) -> float: from_sanitized = from_type.lower().strip("s") to_sanitized = to_type.lower().strip("s") from_sanitized = UNIT_SYMBOL.get(from_sanitized, from_sanitized) to_sanitized = UNIT_SYMBOL.get(to_sanitized, to_sanitized) if from_s...
conversions
def bin_to_hexadecimal(binary_str: str) -> str: # Sanitising parameter binary_str = str(binary_str).strip() # Exceptions if not binary_str: raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function") is_negative = binary_str[0] == "-" binary_str = binary_str[1:] if is_negative else bina...
conversions
def bin_to_decimal(bin_string: str) -> int: bin_string = str(bin_string).strip() if not bin_string: raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function") is_negative = bin_string[0] == "-" if is_negative: bin_string = bin_string[1:] if not all(char in "01" for char in bin_strin...
conversions
def send_file(filename: str = "mytext.txt", testing: bool = False) -> None: import socket port = 12312 # Reserve a port for your service. sock = socket.socket() # Create a socket object host = socket.gethostname() # Get local machine name sock.bind((host, port)) # Bind to the port sock.list...
file_transfer
def knapsack(capacity: int, weights: list[int], values: list[int], counter: int) -> int: # Base Case if counter == 0 or capacity == 0: return 0 # If weight of the nth item is more than Knapsack of capacity, # then this item cannot be included in the optimal solution, # else return the ma...
knapsack
def calc_profit(profit: list, weight: list, max_weight: int) -> int: if len(profit) != len(weight): raise ValueError("The length of profit and weight must be same.") if max_weight <= 0: raise ValueError("max_weight must greater than zero.") if any(p < 0 for p in profit): raise ValueE...
knapsack
def knapsack( weights: list, values: list, number_of_items: int, max_weight: int, index: int ) -> int: if index == number_of_items: return 0 ans1 = 0 ans2 = 0 ans1 = knapsack(weights, values, number_of_items, max_weight, index + 1) if weights[index] <= max_weight: ans2 = values[i...
knapsack
def test_base_case(self): cap = 0 val = [0] w = [0] c = len(val) self.assertEqual(k.knapsack(cap, w, val, c), 0) val = [60] w = [10] c = len(val) self.assertEqual(k.knapsack(cap, w, val, c), 0)
knapsack
def test_easy_case(self): cap = 3 val = [1, 2, 3] w = [3, 2, 1] c = len(val) self.assertEqual(k.knapsack(cap, w, val, c), 5)
knapsack
def test_knapsack(self): cap = 50 val = [60, 100, 120] w = [10, 20, 30] c = len(val) self.assertEqual(k.knapsack(cap, w, val, c), 220)
knapsack
def test_sorted(self): profit = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60] weight = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12] max_weight = 100 self.assertEqual(kp.calc_profit(profit, weight, max_weight), 210)
knapsack
def test_negative_max_weight(self): # profit = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60] # weight = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12] # max_weight = -15 self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "max_weight must greater than zero.")
knapsack
def test_negative_profit_value(self): # profit = [10, -20, 30, 40, 50, 60] # weight = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12] # max_weight = 15 self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Weight can not be negative.")
knapsack
def test_negative_weight_value(self): # profit = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60] # weight = [2, -4, 6, -8, 10, 12] # max_weight = 15 self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Profit can not be negative.")
knapsack
def test_null_max_weight(self): # profit = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60] # weight = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12] # max_weight = null self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "max_weight must greater than zero.")
knapsack
def test_unequal_list_length(self): # profit = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50] # weight = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12] # max_weight = 100 self.assertRaisesRegex( IndexError, "The length of profit and weight must be same." )
knapsack
def count_inversions_bf(arr): num_inversions = 0 n = len(arr) for i in range(n - 1): for j in range(i + 1, n): if arr[i] > arr[j]: num_inversions += 1 return num_inversions
divide_and_conquer
def count_inversions_recursive(arr): if len(arr) <= 1: return arr, 0 mid = len(arr) // 2 p = arr[0:mid] q = arr[mid:] a, inversion_p = count_inversions_recursive(p) b, inversions_q = count_inversions_recursive(q) c, cross_inversions = _count_cross_inversions(a, b) num_inversion...
divide_and_conquer
def _count_cross_inversions(p, q): r = [] i = j = num_inversion = 0 while i < len(p) and j < len(q): if p[i] > q[j]: # if P[1] > Q[j], then P[k] > Q[k] for all i < k <= len(P) # These are all inversions. The claim emerges from the # property that P is sorted. ...
divide_and_conquer
def main(): arr_1 = [10, 2, 1, 5, 5, 2, 11] # this arr has 8 inversions: # (10, 2), (10, 1), (10, 5), (10, 5), (10, 2), (2, 1), (5, 2), (5, 2) num_inversions_bf = count_inversions_bf(arr_1) _, num_inversions_recursive = count_inversions_recursive(arr_1) assert num_inversions_bf == num_inversi...
divide_and_conquer
def __init__(self, x, y): self.x, self.y = float(x), float(y)
divide_and_conquer
def __eq__(self, other): return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
divide_and_conquer
def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other
divide_and_conquer
def __gt__(self, other): if self.x > other.x: return True elif self.x == other.x: return self.y > other.y return False
divide_and_conquer
def __lt__(self, other): return not self > other
divide_and_conquer
def __ge__(self, other): if self.x > other.x: return True elif self.x == other.x: return self.y >= other.y return False
divide_and_conquer
def __le__(self, other): if self.x < other.x: return True elif self.x == other.x: return self.y <= other.y return False
divide_and_conquer
def __repr__(self): return f"({self.x}, {self.y})"
divide_and_conquer
def __hash__(self): return hash(self.x)
divide_and_conquer
def _construct_points( list_of_tuples: list[Point] | list[list[float]] | Iterable[list[float]], ) -> list[Point]: points: list[Point] = [] if list_of_tuples: for p in list_of_tuples: if isinstance(p, Point): points.append(p) else: try: ...
divide_and_conquer
def _validate_input(points: list[Point] | list[list[float]]) -> list[Point]: if not hasattr(points, "__iter__"): raise ValueError( f"Expecting an iterable object but got an non-iterable type {points}" ) if not points: raise ValueError(f"Expecting a list of points but got {p...
divide_and_conquer
def _det(a: Point, b: Point, c: Point) -> float: det = (a.x * b.y + b.x * c.y + c.x * a.y) - (a.y * b.x + b.y * c.x + c.y * a.x) return det
divide_and_conquer
def convex_hull_bf(points: list[Point]) -> list[Point]: points = sorted(_validate_input(points)) n = len(points) convex_set = set() for i in range(n - 1): for j in range(i + 1, n): points_left_of_ij = points_right_of_ij = False ij_part_of_convex_hull = True ...
divide_and_conquer
def convex_hull_recursive(points: list[Point]) -> list[Point]: points = sorted(_validate_input(points)) n = len(points) # divide all the points into an upper hull and a lower hull # the left most point and the right most point are definitely # members of the convex hull by definition. # use the...
divide_and_conquer
def _construct_hull( points: list[Point], left: Point, right: Point, convex_set: set[Point] ) -> None: if points: extreme_point = None extreme_point_distance = float("-inf") candidate_points = [] for p in points: det = _det(left, right, p) if det > 0: ...
divide_and_conquer
def convex_hull_melkman(points: list[Point]) -> list[Point]: points = sorted(_validate_input(points)) n = len(points) convex_hull = points[:2] for i in range(2, n): det = _det(convex_hull[1], convex_hull[0], points[i]) if det > 0: convex_hull.insert(0, points[i]) ...
divide_and_conquer
def main(): points = [ (0, 3), (2, 2), (1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 0), (0, 0), (3, 3), (2, -1), (2, -4), (1, -3), ] # the convex set of points is # [(0, 0), (0, 3), (1, -3), (2, -4), (3, 0), (3, 3)] results_bf = convex_hull_bf(p...
divide_and_conquer
def max_sum_from_start(array): array_sum = 0 max_sum = float("-inf") for num in array: array_sum += num if array_sum > max_sum: max_sum = array_sum return max_sum
divide_and_conquer
def max_cross_array_sum(array, left, mid, right): max_sum_of_left = max_sum_from_start(array[left : mid + 1][::-1]) max_sum_of_right = max_sum_from_start(array[mid + 1 : right + 1]) return max_sum_of_left + max_sum_of_right
divide_and_conquer
def max_subarray_sum(array, left, right): # base case: array has only one element if left == right: return array[right] # Recursion mid = (left + right) // 2 left_half_sum = max_subarray_sum(array, left, mid) right_half_sum = max_subarray_sum(array, mid + 1, right) cross_sum = max_...
divide_and_conquer
def generate(k: int, arr: list): if k == 1: res.append(tuple(arr[:])) return generate(k - 1, arr) for i in range(k - 1): if k % 2 == 0: # k is even arr[i], arr[k - 1] = arr[k - 1], arr[i] else: # k is odd arr[0],...
divide_and_conquer
def generate(n: int, arr: list): c = [0] * n res.append(tuple(arr)) i = 0 while i < n: if c[i] < i: if i % 2 == 0: arr[0], arr[i] = arr[i], arr[0] else: arr[c[i]], arr[i] = arr[i], arr[c[i]] ...
divide_and_conquer
def max_difference(a: list[int]) -> tuple[int, int]: # base case if len(a) == 1: return a[0], a[0] else: # split A into half. first = a[: len(a) // 2] second = a[len(a) // 2 :] # 2 sub problems, 1/2 of original size. small1, big1 = max_difference(first) ...
divide_and_conquer
def peak(lst: list[int]) -> int: # middle index m = len(lst) // 2 # choose the middle 3 elements three = lst[m - 1 : m + 2] # if middle element is peak if three[1] > three[0] and three[1] > three[2]: return three[1] # if increasing, recurse on right elif three[0] < three[2]: ...
divide_and_conquer