id stringlengths 6 10 | subdomain stringclasses 10
values | question stringlengths 145 287 |
|---|---|---|
cult-01 | commercial mushroom cultivation | My oyster mushroom blocks are pinning unevenly, with dense pins on one face and bare patches on the other. Bag is masters mix, room is 18C at 90% RH with hourly air exchanges. What are the three most likely causes and how do I correct each? |
cult-02 | commercial mushroom cultivation | Give a concrete spawn-to-substrate ratio and a colonization timeline for grain-spawned shiitake on supplemented hardwood sawdust blocks aiming for a first flush in under 60 days. |
contam-01 | contamination control and sterile technique | We are seeing intermittent green mold (Trichoderma) in roughly 1 in 8 of our sawdust blocks after autoclaving at 121C for 2.5 hours. The autoclave validates fine on spore strips. Walk through where post-sterilization recontamination is most likely entering and how to isolate the source. |
contam-02 | contamination control and sterile technique | Design a practical environmental monitoring program (settle plates, contact plates, frequency, action limits) for a 200 sq ft fungal inoculation room operating under positive pressure. |
chem-01 | medicinal mushroom chemistry | Explain why hot-water extraction versus dual extraction (water plus ethanol) matters for a Ganoderma lucidum product, and which bioactive fractions each method recovers. |
chem-02 | medicinal mushroom chemistry | A lion's mane extract is being marketed on hericenones and erinacines. Where in the mushroom are each of these concentrated, and what does that imply for whether a fruiting-body-only extract can legitimately claim erinacine content? |
bioproc-01 | mycology bioprocess scale-up | I am moving liquid culture of a Pleurotus strain from shake flasks to a 50L stirred-tank bioreactor. Give starting setpoints for agitation, aeration (vvm), and DO control, and explain how fungal pellet morphology should inform impeller choice. |
bioproc-02 | mycology bioprocess scale-up | Describe how oxygen transfer rate (kLa) scales differently from mixing time when going from a 10L to a 1000L fermenter, and why this often causes yield loss on scale-up for filamentous fungi. |
drug-01 | drug discovery from fungal scaffolds | A fungal-derived lead compound shows strong in-vitro potency but poor oral bioavailability. Outline a structure-based optimization strategy targeting the most likely ADMET liabilities, naming specific physicochemical properties you would tune. |
drug-02 | drug discovery from fungal scaffolds | Explain the role of polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters in fungal natural-product diversity and how heterologous expression can be used to access silent biosynthetic clusters. |
molbio-01 | molecular biology of fungi | What regulatory mechanisms control secondary metabolite gene cluster expression in Aspergillus, and how would you experimentally activate a cryptic cluster? |
molbio-02 | molecular biology of fungi | Describe a CRISPR-Cas9 workflow for knocking out a single gene in a basidiomycete with no established transformation protocol, including how you would address low homologous recombination efficiency. |
psilo-01 | psilocybin and psychoactive-fungi pharmacology | Explain the pharmacological relationship between psilocybin, psilocin, and the 5-HT2A receptor, including the role of first-pass metabolism after oral dosing. |
psilo-02 | psilocybin and psychoactive-fungi pharmacology | Summarize the current US federal versus state regulatory split on psilocybin as of 2025, and what that means for a research lab wanting to handle it legally. |
analyt-01 | analytical chemistry for natural products | Design an HPLC-UV method to quantify psilocybin and psilocin in dried fruiting bodies, specifying column chemistry, mobile phase considerations for these polar analytes, and how you would handle their known instability during sample prep. |
analyt-02 | analytical chemistry for natural products | I need to confirm the identity of a suspected beta-glucan peak in an LC-MS run of a mushroom extract. What fragmentation behavior and complementary assays would let me distinguish it from other polysaccharides? |
trouble-01 | applied biotech process troubleshooting | A perfusion CHO bioreactor producing a monoclonal antibody drops from 2.0 to 1.5 g/L/day over 48 hours with stable viable cell density. List the differential causes in order of likelihood and the first three measurements you would take to localize the fault. |
trouble-02 | applied biotech process troubleshooting | Our solid-state fermentation yield of a fungal enzyme is highly variable batch to batch despite identical recipes. What process variables are most often the hidden culprits in SSF, and how would you instrument the process to find them? |
biz-01 | cultivation business operations | Build a per-block cost model for a gourmet oyster operation producing 500 blocks/week, listing the major cost line items and a realistic breakeven price per pound at a 1.5:1 biological efficiency. |
biz-02 | cultivation business operations | Draft the essential elements of a batch record and SOP structure that would satisfy a food-safety audit for a value-added dried mushroom product. |
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