question stringlengths 11 194 | answer stringlengths 1 934 | context_chunks list | document_id int64 185 2.68k | id int64 225 5.32k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what will the investigation of external subdomain reveal? | its receptor usage, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis. | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,723 |
How do most bat SARSr-COV differ from 2019-nCOV and human SARS-COV? | bat SARSr-CoVs have two stretches of deletions in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) when compared with that of human SARS-CoV | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,724 |
Which strains do not have such deletions? | Yunnan strains such as the WIV1 | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,726 |
What is the consequence of lack of deletions in Yunnan strains? | can use human ACE2 as a cellular entry receptor. | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,727 |
Being closest to 2019-nCoV, which species do the two bat SARS-related coronavirus ZXC21 and ZC45 infect? | can infect suckling rats and cause inflammation in the brain tissue, and pathological changes in lung & intestine. | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,728 |
What would lessen the likelihood of jumping the barrier? | The two retained deletion sites in the Spike genes of ZXC21 and ZC45 | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,729 |
What do the results indicate? | that different orf3b proteins display different IFN antagonist activities and this function is independent of the protein's nuclear localization, suggesting a potential link between bat SARS-related-CoV orf3b function and pathogenesis. | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,730 |
What is orf8? | an accessory protein found in the Betacoronavirus lineage B coronaviruses | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,731 |
What orf8 length do Human SARS-CoVs isolated from early-phase patients, all civet SARS-CoVs, and other bat SARS-related CoVs contain? | fulllength orf8 | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,732 |
From where have the original SARS-CON orf8 been acquired? | two bat SARS-related-CoV (Bat-CoV YNLF_31C and YNLF_34C) | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,733 |
What does the orf8 derived from 2019-nCOV belong to? | the group that includes the closest genome sequences of bat SARS-related-CoV ZXC21 and ZC45. | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,734 |
What is the relation between the new2019-nCOV and the conserved orf8? | the new 2019-nCoV orf8 is distant from the conserved orf8 | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,735 |
orf8 was shown to do what? | to trigger intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,736 |
What high possibility does the novel orf8 have? | to form a protein with an alpha-helix, following with a betasheet(s) containing six strands | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,737 |
What is the summary of this report? | 2019-nCoV is a novel lineage B Betacoronavirus closely related to bat SARS-related coronaviruses. It also has unique genomic features which deserves further investigation to ascertain their roles in viral replication cycle and pathogenesis. More animal sampling to determine its natural animal reservoir and intermediate... | [
"A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome f... | 2,634 | 3,738 |
How does being a smoker impact COVID-19 patient outcomes? | smokers were 1.4 times more likely (RR=1.4, 95% CI: 0.98–2.00) to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to be admitted to an ICU, need mechanical ventilation or die compared to non-smokers (RR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.43–4.04) | [
"COVID-19 is a coronavirus outbreak that initially appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, but it has already evolved into a pandemic spreading rapidly worldwide 1,2 . As of 18 March 2020, a total number of 194909 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, including 7876 deaths, the majority of which... | 1,559 | 266 |
Are smokers more likely to contract influenza? | Previous studies have shown that smokers are twice more likely than non-smokers to contract influenza and have more severe symptoms, while smokers were also noted to have higher mortality in the previous MERS-CoV outbreak | [
"COVID-19 is a coronavirus outbreak that initially appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, but it has already evolved into a pandemic spreading rapidly worldwide 1,2 . As of 18 March 2020, a total number of 194909 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, including 7876 deaths, the majority of which... | 1,559 | 267 |
How many people are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020? | 168 million people across 50 countries | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,909 |
For whom does the SARS-COV-2 pose a great threat? | those in complex humanitarian crises, which lack the infrastructure, support, and health systems to mount a comprehensive response. | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,910 |
What can undermine interventions? | Poor governance, public distrust, and political violence | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,911 |
Who are expected to be particularly susceptible? | Populations affected by humanitarian crises | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,912 |
Why populations may be particularly susceptible? | due to displacement, crowded housing, malnutrition, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) tools, and stigmatization | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,913 |
What is the impact of disease outbreaks? | Disease outbreaks further reduce access to limited healthcare, which is increasingly disrupted by attacks on health facilities and the persistent overburdening of health systems. | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,914 |
What represents a barrier to testing? | limited public health, laboratory, and primary care services | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,915 |
Where are difficulties are exacerbated during humanitarian crises? | Providing the limited healthcare worker cadre with appropriate training and personal protective equipment, and ensuring a continuous supply chain | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,916 |
What can prevent contact tracing? | Frequent displacement and limited contact information | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,917 |
What is an example of intractable structural challenge? | overcrowding limit the implementation of both quarantine of those exposed and isolation of those who are ill. | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,918 |
What should be the priority of the national and international bodies trying to prevent the pandemic? | increased vulnerabilities, humanitarian crises | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,919 |
What resources need to be identified? | to protect healthcare workers, develop and deploy rapid testing, improve surveillance, and enact quarantine and isolation of contacts and cases. | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,920 |
What is an effective public health hygiene? | Respiratory hygiene i | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,921 |
What has been demonstrated to be effective for prevention? | hand hygiene, safe cough practice, and social distancing [ | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,922 |
What has increased hand washing? | the distribution of soap to households in humanitarian settings has been shown to increase handwashing by over 30% | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,923 |
What is hand washing to protect one's own health consistent with? | the rights to dignity and to fully participate in decisions related to assistance in humanitarian crises. | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,924 |
What is possible in many resource -limited settings? | Widespread introduction of alcohol-based hand rubs | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,925 |
What is the foremost authority on minimum standards for humanitarian assistance? | The Sphere Handbook, a collection of rights-based guidelines for humanitarian response | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,926 |
For what there is evidence for the efficacy of hand washing? | reducing both bacterial and viral pathogen transmission, | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,927 |
What are humanitarian WASH standards based on? | evidence pertaining to the prevention of illnesses transmitted by the faecal-oral route, with the focus on hand hygiene proximate to latrines | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,928 |
What confers a high risk of gender based violence? | latrines in crisis settings are often shared and distant from residential shelters, | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,929 |
What is the deterrent effect of gender based violence around latrines? | for accessing latrine-adjacent handwashing stations, particularly for hand hygiene to prevent respiratory pathogen transmission. | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,930 |
What will maximize the effectiveness of interventions? | Crisis-affected community engagement is integral in pandemic planning, | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,931 |
What will happen without the adaptation of existing standards? | mitigation plans will fall short of health and human rights obligations in outbreak response | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,932 |
What is essential when pandemics threaten vulnerable populations? | Transparent and credible information-sharing mechanisms | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,933 |
What is a necessary component of effective health governance? | Diplomacy bridging long-standing mistrust of public health and biomedical interventions and facilitating engagement with contentious actors | [
"nan Text: Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020 . Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crisessuch as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congois a global health challenge of increasing scale .... | 2,643 | 1,934 |
What is the structure of the Ebolavirus? | single-strand RNA filoviruses | [
"The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a mai... | 1,713 | 5,315 |
When was the West African Ebolavirus outbreak? | 2013-2016 | [
"The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a mai... | 1,713 | 5,316 |
What animals are considered to be maintenance hosts to the Ebolavirus? | African bats | [
"The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a mai... | 1,713 | 5,317 |
What do circles indicate in Figure 1? | a maintenance function play by the host(s) | [
"The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a mai... | 1,713 | 5,318 |
What do arrows indicate in Figure 1? | infectious transmission pathways between hosts | [
"The maintenance mechanisms of ebolaviruses in African forest ecosystems are still unknown, but indirect evidences point at the involvement of some bat species. Despite intense research, the main bat-maintenance hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. The alternative hypotheses of a non-bat maintenance host or a mai... | 1,713 | 5,319 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.