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4,300 | 1991), allozymes (Jaaska 1980, 1981; Dudnikov 2000; Dudnikov and Kawahara 2006), AFLP (Saeidi et al. 2008; Mizuno et al. 2010), SSR (Pestsova et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,301 | Two are re-analyses of data from large adverse event studies of all ages described earlier [23, 24]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,302 | We choose hierarchical parameter priors following Smith and Kohn [15] and Nott and Green [14], taking the prior for β̄γ given γ and σ 2 to be Normal | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,303 | The GABAB(1) subunit is predominantly expressed in the CNS as one of two isoforms:
GABAB(1a) or GABAB(1b) (Kaupmann et al. 1998a). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,304 | …endosperm harvested 18 d after pollination and stored at 808C were cut into small pieces and treated with 2% (w/v) formaldehyde in ice-cold PBS buffer for 4 h. Cross-linking was quenched by addition of 2 M glycine for 1 h. Total proteins were then extracted as described by Boehlein et al. (2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,305 | Temporal trends and age-specific rates were plotted using a semilog scale, with a y- to x-axis ratio of 1 log cycle=40 years, such that an angle of 10° portrayed a change of 1% per year.(22) We aggregated data over years to derive more stable rate estimates. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,306 | fumaroxidans was built from KEGG [43] (S6 Dataset and S7 Dataset) using the RAVEN Toolbox [42], which uses protein homology to identify the KEGG Orthology (KO) ID for each gene in a genome. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,307 | It was also hypothesised that scores on all instruments would be significantly worse for women with more incontinence episodes [18], and for those who did not perceive any treatment benefit at | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,308 | After divergence from chicken, the mammalian lineage acquired three additional 50 noncoding exons that lack
sequence similarity to exon 1c. Exon 1a is derived from LINE element sequence (Drews et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,309 | The ability to predict Great Plains droughts with climate models on the basis of such information is not yet settled, with models differing in their ability to simulate droughts from a range of causes (McCrary and Randall 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,310 | They demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo studies that ATP1A1 mutants showed loss of pump activity and strongly reduced affinity for potassium, causing inappropriate depolarization of the cells (Beuschlein et al. 2013). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,311 | In the upper Beni basin, the reaches with maximum steepness and concavity values result in erosional unloading over a ca. 20- km-long spatial scale (Safran et al. 2005; Blodgett and Isacks 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,312 | Then the value of only the voxels belonging to the ROS is estimated in a second step, with a constrained algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) implemented at different resolution [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,313 | However, in contrast to our study Steyn-Ross et al. (1999), Bojak and Liley (2005) and Hutt and Longtin (2010) did not observe increased EEG frequencies. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,314 | 2007), indicating lower dopamine release in the NAcc and a lower behavioral response to psychostimulants in the DBA rather than the C57mice (Zocchi et al. 1998; Ventura et al. 2004a; b; Orsini et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,315 | The difficulties grow exponentially as the coexisting pathologies and treatments increase.(17) Indeed, it has been reported that adherence may be different in clinical populations throughout the aging and in the change in neuropsychological functioning. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,316 | The sgl gene has been shown to be expressed differentially during development (Binari et al. 1997; Haerry et al. 1997). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,317 | 3 There exist other modes and determinisms but they are outside the scope of this paper; we refer to [13] for details | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,318 | Although Pascalis et al. (2005) showed exposure can maintain infants’ discrimination of monkey faces, more recent research has examined what type of exposure promotes infants continued discrimination of monkey faces. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,319 | Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants due to increased chemical reaction or insufficient antioxidant defence system results in oxidative stress [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,320 | …have long regarded attitudes towards AAP beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries as related, but ultimately separable, and evidence supports that attitudes toward the in-group and the out-group have independent effects on individuals’ reactions to AAPs (Harrison et al., 2006; Lowery et al., 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,321 | She had neither clinical and laboratory findings of infection as tuberculosis, or protein-losing enteropathy, regional ileitis, cirrhosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, thrombosis of the superior vena cava, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, Behcet’s disease, and malignancy nor a history of surgery or traumatic etiology for chylous ascites and chylothorax [2, 3]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,322 | Although there is a continued debate about the role of PAE [66,68,69], it has proven to be a useful and important tool for identifying AOEs [58,70,71,72]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,323 | source-relay distance and the relay-destination distance are both normalized to unit value [16], and the relay-eavesdropper distance dre is set to be 1. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,324 | agent was reported to reduce the risk of cardiac mortality [4] and to have an anesthetic sparing effect [5-7]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,325 | 6 %, which is in the middle range of findings of previous studies (3%-58%) (Massie and Holland, 1984; Ciaramella and Poli, 2001; Uchitomi et al., 2003; Katz et al., 2004; Ell et al., 2005; Boyd et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Mitchell et al., 2012; Palmer et al., 2012; Pirl et al., 2012; Tada et al., 2012; Warmenhoven et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,326 | Trivers (1971) argued that the evolution of a trait for benefiting genetically unrelated individuals is also possible as long as the benefactor selects recipients that are likely to provide return benefits (i.e., has a good reputation as a reciprocator) and hence the costs of helping can be… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,327 | The doses and volumes of the agonist and antagonist were the same as used in our previous studies (20, 21, 48, 52, 53, 55) and similar to those used by others (22, 35, 62, 68). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,328 | Because the data were generated with the same model which BayesMallows and PerMallows used for inference, we expected that the Mallowsbased methods would perform better than the rank aggregation methods we considered. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,329 | Anti-PLA2R antibodies is an important factor in the occurrence of MN.(31) In general, anti-PLA2R antibodies is considered as a useful biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with MN. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,330 | …coefficient)
CDa ¼ Zh
0
PADðzÞ uðzÞ 2
u0w0ð42 mÞ dz
0
@
1
A
1
ð10Þ
Both of the methods give plausible results (for the west wind sector: CD ¼ 0:130 and CDa ¼ 0:132) and they are very close to the values found in literature (e.g. Amiro 1990; Kerzenmacher and Gardiner 1998; Pinard and Wilson 2001). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,331 | Such profiles were introduced by Dolan and Moré [8] as a manner to compare the performance of a set of solvers S on a test P. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,332 | AVP was quantified as previously described (9) with the use of an antibody (Ab 3096) recently produced in our laboratory (final dilution 1:800,000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,333 | This susceptibility to proactive interference after hippocampal damage has already been reported by others [Owen and Butler, 1981; but for different results, see BeasonHeld et al. (1999) and Zola et al. (2000)] and suggests that, at delays lasting more than a few minutes, monkeys with hippocampal… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,334 | In this study, according to the method described by Williams and Rakic (1988) and West and Gundersen (1990), we observed the pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells in the cross sections of the middle portion of a hippocampus that had been sliced into 60 cross sections, 8 lm thick per section. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,335 | Milk fat globule-EGF-factor (MFGE8), also named lactadherin, PAS 6/7, SED1, BA46, p47, is a secreted glycoprotein first described in milk fat globules released in milk by mammary epithelial cells [1,2]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,336 | ImageNet We also carry out experiments on the ImageNet 2012 classification data set [5], which has 1. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,337 | …mucus provides an important carbon source for coral-associated bacteria (Ferrier-Pages et al. 2000; Brown and Bythell 2005; Wegley et al. 2007; Allers et al. 2008; Kimes et al. 2010), changes in production rates of mucus due to abiotic factors (e.g. temperature and/or irradiance) (Piggot et… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,338 | The main ideas include optimization of the patient’s preoperative state, use of minimally invasive surgical techniques, balanced intravenous fluid therapy, multimodal non-opioid analgesia, and early mobilization and nutrition [3, 4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,339 | where I(r, z, t) is the dynamic component of the acoustic intensity due to the interaction of the pressure waves [3–5], vi = pi/q0c0, i = a, b, describes the particle velocity for each beam -q0 being the ambient density of the medium – and * denotes the complex conjugate. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,340 | In agreement with previous studies, these results confirm that the most likely etiology for pediatric noncardiac chest pain is musculoskeletal [5,8,9]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,341 | The activity-dependent increase of G-CSF concentration, which we have shown in the present work, supports the notion that increased cell numbers were the result of an increased mobilization from bone marrow, as G-CSF is probably the most potent progenitor cell mobilizing cytokine (11). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,342 | have shown that the distended region of the intestine demonstrates inflammatory reactions, which could cause the disruption of the ICC network [8,16,17]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,343 | Selective attrition analyses revealed no significant differences in project site, race, ethnicity, gender, or child problem behavior (Dishion et al. 2008). Models were tested inMplus 5.21 (Muthén andMuthén 2009) with a full information maximum likelihood (FIML) approach. Although there was some missing data at the two time points (n=651–731 for parent reported measures, n=559–693 for observed variables, including speech samples), FIML accommodates missing data and provides less biased estimates than listwise or pairwise deletion (Schafer and Graham 2002). Using FIML procedures, analyses included all participants except when they were missing data on an independent predictor that cannot be estimated with missingness (e.g., a covariate, such as poverty), resulting in an effective sample size of 728. The use of Mplus also permitted evaluation of multiple indices of model fit including Chi-square, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and the significance of individual paths. J Abnorm Child Psychol (2014) 42:1275–1285 1279 | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,344 | In their classic paper (Hennessy and Milner, 1985), Hennessy and Milner defined an alternative non-increasing (with respect to set inclusion) sequence 'i, i ≥ 0, of approximants to bisimilarity as follows:
• P '0 Q always holds. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,345 | An understanding of the roles of food availability, vegetation cover, grazing intensity and burning on bird nesting success across management types (Little et al. 2013) bring us closer to understanding the overall effect of farming practices on birds in the system as compared to the conservation area. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,346 | While we cannot exclude alternative models, our findings are consistent with models in which TRIM5α engages lentiviral CA through two sets of contacts, one in the structurally conserved β-hairpin and the second at the junction between binding sites of at least four cellular cofactors [25, 78, 79]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,347 | (2002) showed significant reduction of CP-induced creatinine increase by AMG (Mansour et al., 2002). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,348 | In addition, a lipid decontamination algorithm using a regularized reconstruction according to Bilgic et al (53) was performed, and the lipid contamination was again compared for all data sets. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,349 | Participants The present study is an analysis of previously gathered data on 58 white men and 49 premenopausal women, without overt disease, who were recruited from the general public and had participated in previously published exercise- and/or diet-induced weight loss studies at Queen’s University (Kingston, ON, Canada) [7, 23–25]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,350 | However, the eigenproblem assumes a constraint of X X = I [14], which results in normalised coordinate vectors x in each dimensional space. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,351 | After shear exposure, cell lysates were obtained and ERK activation in the cell lysates (10 μg) was examined by Western blot analysis with the use of an antibody specific to the active, phosphorylated form of ERK (phospho-ERK) (New England Biolabs) as described previously (15). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,352 | …double blind crossover pattern separated by 7 days, which has been previously demonstrated to allow suYcient time to ensure that there are no eVects of previous supplementation on subsequent blood hormone and chemical analysis (Brown et al. 1999, 2000b, 2002; King et al. 1999; Earnest et al. 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,353 | Inasmuch as previous studies have shown that COX-2 is induced in response to hypoxia in HUVEC in vitro, these cells were used as a positive control in the hypoxia experiments (19, 40). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,354 | Although Soge et al. (2009) were able to amplify a fragment of 686 base pairs of the tet(M) gene in two out of 92 C. perfringens soil and water isolates that carried tetA(P) and tetB(P), the tet(M) gene has not been previously found in any clinical strain of C. perfringens that also carried tetB(P)… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,355 | …in superioinferior breast displacement has also been positively correlated with increases in exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010), and consequently breast biomechanics research has made recommendations to wear a high level of breast support (sports bra) when… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,356 | The ML analysis was carried out using RaxML 7.2.8 (Stamatakis 2006) under the GTR + model of evolution. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,357 | MT is also produced as an intermediate of dimethylsulfide (DMS) degradation (Lomans et al., 1999a, 2002; Bentley and Chasteen, 2004; Schäfer et al., 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,358 | Bezeichner: Hierzu gibt es genau eine Instanz des Konzepts Identifier, deren regulärer Ausdruck demjenigen von Bezeichnern der Java Spezifikation [53] entspricht. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,359 | Effect of incubation temperature on the production of alkaline enzymes
The physical factors like incubation temperature, ini-
tial pH and aeration play a vital role in enzyme production as they modulate bacterial growth (Gupta et al., 2004). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,360 | The argument given in [112] for justifying extensionality is that phi(q) should hold like phi(p) because p and q have the same extension. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,361 | Selective attrition analyses revealed no significant differences in project site, race, ethnicity, gender, or child problem behavior (Dishion et al. 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,362 | PFC patients and controls did not differ with respect to the amount of time spent making the first move on each tower, a finding consistent with previous studies (Andres & Van der Linden, 2001; Goel & Grafman, 1995; Jacobs & Anderson, 2002; Owen et al., 1990; Rushe et al., 1999). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,363 | These estimates of genetic correlations are within the ranges reported in the literature (Veseth et al., 1993; Wilson et al., 1993; Koots et al., 1994b; Marshall, 1994; Gregory et al., 1995), except for the correlation between fat thickness and hot carcass weight. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,364 | …further or more often to meet the energetic requirements of their members (Milton 1984; Janson 1988; Wrangham et al. 1993; Chapman et al. 1995), and previous studies on Amboseli groups have found that dry periods are associated with increased time spent foraging (Bronikowski and Altmann 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,365 | GIS is increasingly being used in developing countries in order to examine potential access to health facilities and to plan the location of new treatment centres, for example, in relation to treating malaria [71, 83], tuberculosis [95] , access to HIV treatment [94], planning public mental health and cancer resources [7, 72, 84] and to examine attendance patterns at rural clinics [91]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,366 | These plants may be optimal sources for the choice of pharmaceutical phytocomplexes to be used as insecticides/repellents based on the knowledge of isolated active ingredients with activity against defined target insects [10,17,18]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,367 | With regard to open studies, all of the open studies investigating the cognitive effects of rTMS in depression stimulated the left DLPFC via high frequency rTMS (Triggs et al., 1999; Martis et al., 2003; Fabre et al., 2004; O’Connor et al., 2005; Kuroda et al., 2006; Bloch et al., 2008; Vanderhasselt et al., 2009; Holtzheimer et al., 2010; Harel et al., 2011, in press; Leyman et al., 2011). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,368 | Whole-cell patch clamp configuration was used to measure potassium currents as previously described with some modifications [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,369 | the fact that in mammals many UCEs serve as developmental enhancers (de la Calle-Mustienes et al. 2005; Woolfe et al. 2005; Pennacchio et al. 2006; Visel et al. 2008) prompted us to consider a plausible role of Drosophila UCEs in transcriptional regulation. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,370 | The current size of the European Gypsy population is estimated to be about eight million [9]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,371 | In humans, CRP interacts with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and complement to accelerate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions [17]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,372 | We get a DAE semidiscrete system, where the algebraic chemistry equations are written at each point of the mesh [6,8]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,373 | CELF1 CLIP had previously been reported from postnatal mouse brain [24], and CLIP-seq from mouse C2C12 myoblasts [15]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,374 | More precisely, we will study a scalar field in the polymer representation [8, 9, 10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,375 | It has been shown that in vitro passage can reduce virulence of a strain due to genetic modification (Chalmers et al., 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,376 | The IRE1-ASK1-JNK signalling pathway is also a cell death pathway, because JNK-mediated phosphorylation has been known to activate the pro-apoptotic BCl-2 family member BIM, while inhibiting the antiapoptotic protein BCl-2 [23,24]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,377 | In the only other study, to our knowledge, to examine antibiotic timing and its effect on persistent bacteremia, no significant difference was found in the timing of vancomycin initiation in patients with pMRSAB and patients with npMRSAB.(3) We did not detect an association between vancomycin use and pSAB in our study. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,378 | There is an enormous diversity of anamorphic fungi growing on rotten wood and dead branches in tropical forests of southern China, and several mycological investigations dealing with many new species collected in this region have recently been published (Yuan&Dai 2008; Zhang et al. 2009; Dai et al. 2009). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,379 | We only consider images that contain any of the 20 Pascal classes and (following [48]) only objects with a bounding box area larger than 200 pixels. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,380 | To investigate the performance of animals in a non-hippocampal dependent task, we used the Novel Object Recognition task with time delays of one or four hours in a protocol adapted from Ennaceur and Delacour [27]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,381 | For each RNA editing site, we applied the GLiMMPS statistical model [24] to SNPs within a 400-kb window centered at the editing site. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,382 | We formalize Shannon’s model [16] by representing an encryption system as a permutation-valued random variable. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,383 | Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) [26] Depression was assessed using the German version of the depression scale of the PHQ [27]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,384 | The need to bring scientific rigor to online behavioral interventions was outlined in a statement from the International Society for Research on Internet Interventions [57], as well as by other researchers [58,59]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,385 | Imagebased models yielded joint kinematics, net joint moments, hip joint forces, muscle activation patterns and bone strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft in agreement with earlier studies (Aamodt et al., 1997; Bergmann et al., 2001; Inman et al., 1989; Kadaba et al., 1989; Stacoff et al., 2005). We found errors in the hip-joint-centre location of up to 2.01 cm for the scaled-generic model, which is similar to the 2.09 proximal shift of the hip-jointcentre location reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009). Errors in the flexion–extension moment arms of the hip-spanning muscles over the investigated activities were as high as 38.9% (Table 3), which agrees with the 36.3% error reported by Scheys et al. (2008) for gait. The 0.52 BW difference between scaled-generic and imagebased hip joint forces reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009) for walking compares well with the 0. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,386 | These asymptotic rates match those obtained for the unconditional density estimator in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,387 | 5
The first set of experiments consists of a subset of the FedBench (Schmidt et al. 2011) benchmark and aims to
5See (Schmidt et al. 2011; Dolby et al. 2007) for additional information on the datasets used.
compare our approach to the FedX and Alibaba. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,388 | These results are in line with several nested case control studies among survivors of adult cancers, which also demonstrated increased risks of subsequent GI cancer associated with RT as well as linear radiation dose–response relationships for stomach cancer among studies in survivors of testicular cancer [55], Hodgkin lymphoma [56], both testicular cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma [57], and cervical cancer [58], for esophageal cancer among survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma [59] and breast cancer [60], and for pancreatic cancer among Hodgkin lymphoma survivors [61]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,389 | We gave participants the
opportunity to write messages in support of American troops combatting ISIS: we assigned a score of 100 to participants who chose to write a message, and a score of 0 to those who did not (Kteily et al., 2015, Study 5). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,390 | synthase (PaKCS6) (Khadivi-Khub 2015; Balbontı́n et al. 2014, 2013; Kasai et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2006; Lu et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2006; Moctezuma et al. 2003; Schuch et al. 1991; Peet 1992; Cuartero et al. 1981) have also been identified to be closely associated with fruit cracking, which also shows the importance of the fruit pericarp in cracking. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,391 | …stimulation. nlp-3p::gfp is expressed in the ADF, NSMR and HSN serotonergic neurons, as well as many sensory neurons, suggesting that peptides encoded by nlp-3 are released as cotransmitters with 5-HT from the serotonergic neurons and glutamate from the sensory neurons (Nathoo et al., 2001). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,392 | Kongkam et al. 2009 (40)
Case series report Morphine and other opioid and/or nonopioid drugs
Pump dislodgment/migration in 2 of 13 patients (15.4 | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,393 | Most partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming models use data distribution techniques similar to those provided by Chapel[7, 8, 10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,394 | Our finding supports the results of the earlier studies that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with psychiatric disorders with a primary affective component (Contreras et al., 2010; Gressier et al.,2016; Buoli et al., 2016). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,395 | [1,2] suggest to perform critiquing by assessing the compliance of a physician's intentions with the intentions behind a medical protocol. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,396 | Consistent with the results of our study, various authors have reported a direct relationship between salvageability of ruptured testicles and surgical intervention [6, 10] (Table 3). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,397 | Cravings were measured using the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) (Bohn et al. 1995), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) (Anton et al. 1995), the Questionnaire on Smoking UrgesBrief (QSU-B) (Cox et al. 2001), and a smoking Visual Analogue Scale (S-VAS) on which scores range from 1 to 10… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,398 | Brain imaging (Altmann et al., 2003; Kourtzi et al., 2003; Qiu et al., 2016; Tanskanen et al., 2008) and electrophysiological (Chen et al., 2014) studies have shown that multiple cortical areas are involved in integrating discrete contour fragments into global contours. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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4,399 | The CD4+ T cells stimulated with the weak or strong IL-2 protocol, described above, were left uninfected or were infected with 200 ng each of HIV1NL-E and HIV-1NLAD8-D per 1610 6 cells for 2 h, extensively washed, and cultivated in 48-well tissue culture plates (16106 per well) in 10% FBS-RPMI containing IL-2. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
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