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Lionel Tondji Ngoupeyou Lydia Knufing ¨
Mahmoud Aslan
Mark Hartenstein
Mark van der Wilk
Markus Hegland
Martin Hewing
Matthew Alger
Matthew Lee
Draft (2023-10-18) of “Mathematics for Machine Learning”. Feedback: https://mml-book.com.
Foreword 5
Maximus McCann
Mengyan Zhang
Michael Bennett
Michael Pedersen
Minjeong Shin
Mohammad Malekzadeh Naveen Kumar
Nico Montali
Oscar Armas
Patrick Henriksen
Patrick Wieschollek
Pattarawat Chormai
Paul Kelly
Petros Christodoulou
Piotr Januszewski
Pranav Subramani
Quyu Kong
Ragib Zaman
Rui Zhang
Ryan-Rhys Griffiths
Salomon Kabongo
Samuel Ogunmola
Sandeep Mavadia
Sarvesh Nikumbh
Sebastian Raschka
Senanayak Sesh Kumar Karri Seung-Heon Baek
Shahbaz Chaudhary
Shakir Mohamed
Shawn Berry
Sheikh Abdul Raheem Ali Sheng Xue
Sridhar Thiagarajan Syed Nouman Hasany Szymon Brych
Thomas Buhler ¨
Timur Sharapov
Tom Melamed
Vincent Adam
Vincent Dutordoir
Vu Minh
Wasim Aftab
Wen Zhi
Wojciech Stokowiec Xiaonan Chong
Xiaowei Zhang
Yazhou Hao
Yicheng Luo
Young Lee
Yu Lu
Yun Cheng
Yuxiao Huang
Zac Cranko
Zijian Cao
Zoe Nolan
Contributors through GitHub, whose real names were not listed on their GitHub profile, are:
SamDataMad
bumptiousmonkey idoamihai
deepakiim
insad
HorizonP cs-maillist kudo23
empet
victorBigand 17SKYE
jessjing1995
We are also very grateful to Parameswaran Raman and the many anony mous reviewers, organized by Cambridge University Press, who read one or more chapters of earlier versions of the manuscript, and provided con structive criticism that led to considerable improvements. A special men tion goes to Dinesh Singh Negi, our L...
©2023 M. P. Deisenroth, A. A. Faisal, C. S. Ong. Published by Cambridge University Press (2020).
6 Foreword Table of Symbols
Symbol Typical meaning
a, b, c, α, β, γ Scalars are lowercase
x, y, z Vectors are bold lowercase
A, B, C Matrices are bold uppercase
x⊤, A⊤Transpose of a vector or matrix
A−1Inverse of a matrix
⟨x, y⟩ Inner product of x and y
x⊤y Dot product of x and y
B = (b1, b2, b3) (Ordered) tuple
B = [b1, b2, b3] Matrix of column vectors stacked horizontally B = {b1, b2, b3} Set of vectors (unordered)
Z, N Integers and natural numbers, respectively
R, C Real and complex numbers, respectively
Rn n-dimensional vector space of real numbers
∀x Universal quantifier: for all x
∃x Existential quantifier: there exists x
a := b a is defined as b
a =: b b is defined as a
a ∝ b a is proportional to b, i.e., a = constant · b
g ◦ f Function composition: “g after f”
⇐⇒ If and only if
=⇒ Implies
A, C Sets
a ∈ A a is an element of set A
∅ Empty set
A\B A without B: the set of elements in A but not in B D Number of dimensions; indexed by d = 1, . . . , D N Number of data points; indexed by n = 1, . . . , N Im Identity matrix of size m × m
0m,n Matrix of zeros of size m × n
1m,n Matrix of ones of size m × n
ei Standard/canonical vector (where i is the component that is 1) dim Dimensionality of vector space
rk(A) Rank of matrix A