Split (1)

train · 268k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

original_problem stringlengths 35 10.3k	original_reasoning_trace stringlengths 736 86.4k	conversations listlengths 2 2
In a game, two players named Alphonso and Beatrice take turns playing with a stack of stones. The game starts with n stones, and Alphonso always goes first. During each turn, a player can remove 1, 3, or 4 stones from the stack. The player who cannot make a move loses the game. Given the initial number of stones n, de...	<think> Okay, so I have this problem where two players, Alphonso and Beatrice, are playing a stone game. The rules are that each can remove 1, 3, or 4 stones from the stack on their turn. Alphonso goes first. I need to find out for a given n whether Alphonso can guarantee a win, assuming both play optimally. Hmm, let'...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a game, two players named Alphonso and Beatrice take turns playing with a stack of stones. The game starts with n stones, and Alphonso always goes first. During each turn, a player can remove 1, 3, or 4 stones from the stack. The player who cannot make a move loses the game.\...
David is playing a game where he has to collect coins in specific sequences to earn the maximum reward. The game board is a grid of size N x M, where each cell contains a certain number of coins. David can start collecting coins from any cell in the first row and can move to the adjacent cells in the row directly below...	<think> Okay, so I've got this problem where David is collecting coins in a grid, and I need to find the maximum coins he can collect starting from the first row and moving down each row, moving to adjacent cells each time. Hmm. Let's see how to approach this. Wait, the grid is N rows by M columns. David starts at any...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "David is playing a game where he has to collect coins in specific sequences to earn the maximum reward. The game board is a grid of size N x M, where each cell contains a certain number of coins. David can start collecting coins from any cell in the first row and can move to the...
In a new town, there are 'R' number of roads and 'H' number of houses. Each house needs access to at least one road directly, and no road can be common between two houses. Determine the minimum number of additional roads required such that all houses have access to at least one road, ensuring each road is unique to a h...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to determine the minimum number of additional roads required for all houses to have access to at least one road, and each road is unique to a house. Let me think about this step by step. So the problem says each house must have direct access to a road, and no two...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a new town, there are 'R' number of roads and 'H' number of houses. Each house needs access to at least one road directly, and no road can be common between two houses. Determine the minimum number of additional roads required such that all houses have access to at least one ...
Haru and the Frogs Haru is training some frogs for a jumping contest. The contest will take place on a long straight line, where the frogs can only jump along straight coordinates. Each frog can jump forward by X meters or backward by Y meters from its current position. Haru wants to find out if a frog starting from c...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where a frog can jump forward X meters or backward Y meters, and I have to determine if it can reach exactly Z meters. Hmm, let's think about how to approach this. So, the frog starts at 0. Each jump can be either +X or -Y. The question is whether there's a sequence of jumps ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Haru and the Frogs\n\nHaru is training some frogs for a jumping contest. The contest will take place on a long straight line, where the frogs can only jump along straight coordinates. Each frog can jump forward by X meters or backward by Y meters from its current position. Haru ...
Write a function that takes a list of strings and a target string, and returns the number of times the target string appears as a substring within the list of strings. The function should be case-insensitive. For example, the list `["hello", "world", "HELLO", "wORLD"]` and target `"hello"` should return `2` because "h...	<think> Okay, I need to write a Python function that counts how many times a target string appears as a substring in a list of strings. And it has to be case-insensitive. Hmm, let me think about how to approach this. So, the function will take two arguments: a list of strings and a target string. I have to count each ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Write a function that takes a list of strings and a target string, and returns the number of times the target string appears as a substring within the list of strings. The function should be case-insensitive.\n\nFor example, the list `[\"hello\", \"world\", \"HELLO\", \"wORLD\"]...
Alice is organizing a treasure hunt for her friends. The treasure map is represented by a grid of N x M cells. Each cell contains a digit from '0' to '9'. The digit in each cell represents the time in hours required to dig the cell to possibly find a treasure there. The treasure can only be hidden in cells with even d...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where Alice is organizing a treasure hunt. The problem is about processing a grid of digits and calculating two things: the number of valid cells (those with even digits) and the total time required to dig them. Hmm, let's see the input. The first line has N and M, the dimens...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Alice is organizing a treasure hunt for her friends. The treasure map is represented by a grid of N x M cells. Each cell contains a digit from '0' to '9'. The digit in each cell represents the time in hours required to dig the cell to possibly find a treasure there.\n\nThe treas...
Given a list of integers, return a list with each number squared and sorted in non-decreasing order. Example 1: Input: nums = [-4, -1, 0, 3, 10] Output: [0, 1, 9, 16, 100] Explanation: After squaring, the list becomes [16, 1, 0, 9, 100], which is then sorted to [0, 1, 9, 16, 100]. Example 2: Input: nums = [-7, -3, 2, ...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to take a list of integers, square each number, sort them in non-decreasing order, and return this new list. Let's see how to approach this. First, I'll think about the steps required. So, the input is a list like [-4, -1, 0, 3, 10]. When I square each element, i...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a list of integers, return a list with each number squared and sorted in non-decreasing order.\nExample 1:\nInput: nums = [-4, -1, 0, 3, 10]\nOutput: [0, 1, 9, 16, 100]\nExplanation: After squaring, the list becomes [16, 1, 0, 9, 100], which is then sorted to [0, 1, 9, 16,...
A spaceship is traveling from planet Earth to planet Alpha Centauri. As part of its journey, it must pass by several checkpoints, identified by their distances from Earth. Each checkpoint is represented by an integer k and the spaceship can stop at a particular checkpoint if the total flight distance to that checkpoint...	<think> Okay, so I need to solve this problem where a spaceship is trying to reach the closest checkpoint it can without exceeding its fuel capacity. Hmm, let's see the problem statement again. The spaceship can stop at a checkpoint if the total flight distance to that checkpoint is divisible by k, where k is the chec...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "A spaceship is traveling from planet Earth to planet Alpha Centauri. As part of its journey, it must pass by several checkpoints, identified by their distances from Earth. Each checkpoint is represented by an integer k and the spaceship can stop at a particular checkpoint if the...
Polycarp likes prime numbers. He has a number n and he wants to find out how many prime numbers exist up to and including n. A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. The task is to write a function that takes an integer n as input and returns the count of...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to count the number of prime numbers up to a given n. Hmm, the problem seems familiar. So the function is called with an integer n, and I have to return how many primes are there from 2 up to n, inclusive. Wait, but wait, how do I efficiently find all primes up t...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Polycarp likes prime numbers. He has a number n and he wants to find out how many prime numbers exist up to and including n. \n\nA prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. The task is to write a function that takes an ...
Given a positive integer `n`, determine the total number of distinct pairs (i, j) where 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n and (i + j) is even. Input The input consists of a single integer `n` (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^6). Output Output a single integer - the total number of distinct pairs (i, j) where 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n and (i + j) is even. Example Inp...	<think> Okay, so I have this problem where I need to find the number of distinct pairs (i, j) such that i < j and their sum is even. Let's see, how do I approach this. Hmm, the sum of i and j is even. So, their sum being even means that both i and j are even or both are odd. Because even + even is even, odd + odd is e...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a positive integer `n`, determine the total number of distinct pairs (i, j) where 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n and (i + j) is even. \n\nInput\nThe input consists of a single integer `n` (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^6).\n\nOutput\nOutput a single integer - the total number of distinct pairs (i, j) where 1...
Given an unsorted array of integers, find the length of the longest consecutive elements sequence. Your task is to write a function that returns an integer representing the length of the longest consecutive sequence in the array. The sequence must be strictly in ascending order without any gaps. Input The input conta...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to find the length of the longest consecutive sequence in an unsorted array of integers. Hmm, so the sequence has to be in strictly ascending order with no gaps. Right. First, I should think about the approach. Let's see, the example given is [100,4,200,1,3,2], a...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an unsorted array of integers, find the length of the longest consecutive elements sequence.\n\nYour task is to write a function that returns an integer representing the length of the longest consecutive sequence in the array. The sequence must be strictly in ascending ord...
In a prestigious coding competition, each participant receives scores for their n solved problems. These scores are recorded in an array `scores` of length `n`. The problem is to calculate the minimum number of problems a participant needs to solve to achieve a cumulative score of at least M. Write a function `min_pro...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to find the minimum number of problems a participant needs to solve to reach a cumulative score of at least M. Hmm. Let's think about how to approach this. So the input is n, which is the number of problems, M the target score, and a list of scores. The function ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a prestigious coding competition, each participant receives scores for their n solved problems. These scores are recorded in an array `scores` of length `n`. The problem is to calculate the minimum number of problems a participant needs to solve to achieve a cumulative score ...
You are organizing a coding competition with n participants. Each participant is assigned a unique ID from 1 to n. The competition consists of m distinct problems that the participants must attempt to solve. For each problem, participants receive a non-negative score that represents their performance on that problem. A...	<think> Okay, so I've got this programming problem to solve. Let's read through it carefully and figure out what I need to do. The problem is about a coding competition with n participants and m problems. Each participant's score is the sum of their scores across all m problems. I need to determine the rank of a speci...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are organizing a coding competition with n participants. Each participant is assigned a unique ID from 1 to n. The competition consists of m distinct problems that the participants must attempt to solve. For each problem, participants receive a non-negative score that repres...
Challenge: Write a function that takes in an array of integers and a target integer. The function should return a boolean indicating whether there are two distinct elements in the array that add up to the target integer. Example: ``` hasPairWithSum([1, 2, 3, 9], 8); // should return false. hasPairWithSum([1, 2, 4, 4],...	<think> Okay, I need to write a Python function called hasPairWithSum that takes an array of integers and a target integer. The function should return a boolean indicating whether there are two distinct elements that add up to the target. Let me think about the problem. So, the goal is to find any two different eleme...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Challenge:\nWrite a function that takes in an array of integers and a target integer. The function should return a boolean indicating whether there are two distinct elements in the array that add up to the target integer.\n\nExample:\n```\nhasPairWithSum([1, 2, 3, 9], 8); // sho...
You are tasked with developing a hiking path for a national park. The park is represented on a grid of M rows and N columns with different terrains. Some terrains are easier to hike through (cost less energy), while others are more difficult (cost more energy). As a hiker, you start at the top-left corner of the grid (...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have a grid representing a park, and I have to find the minimum energy path from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner, moving only right or down. Hmm, let's see. So the input is M rows and N columns. Each cell has an energy cost. I start at (0,0) and need to...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are tasked with developing a hiking path for a national park. The park is represented on a grid of M rows and N columns with different terrains. Some terrains are easier to hike through (cost less energy), while others are more difficult (cost more energy). As a hiker, you s...
A company allows its employees to track and log how many hours they have worked throughout the week. The week is represented as an array of integers where each integer represents hours worked on a particular day: `[Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday]`. The company has a policy that any addit...	<think> Okay, I need to write a Python function called calculate_overtime that takes an array of seven integers. Each integer represents the hours worked on each day from Monday to Sunday. The goal is to calculate the total number of overtime hours. Overtime is any hours worked beyond 40 in the week. Hmm, let's think ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "A company allows its employees to track and log how many hours they have worked throughout the week. The week is represented as an array of integers where each integer represents hours worked on a particular day: `[Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday]`...
Jade Delivery Service Jade City is known for its unique delivery service that operates in strict grid patterns. The city is divided into a grid, where delivery points are located at intersections. Each intersection is defined by a pair of non-negative integers (x, y). The distance between any two points can be calcula...	<think> Okay, let's see. I need to find the optimal intermediary point (X, Y) that minimizes the total Manhattan distance for the delivery. The delivery starts at (0,0), goes to (X,Y), then to (A,B). So the total distance is the sum of the distance from (0,0) to (X,Y) and from (X,Y) to (A,B). Wait, but the Manhattan ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Jade Delivery Service\n\nJade City is known for its unique delivery service that operates in strict grid patterns. The city is divided into a grid, where delivery points are located at intersections. Each intersection is defined by a pair of non-negative integers (x, y). The dis...
A line of n train carriages is parked on a rail track. Each carriage has a unique number assigned to it from 1 to n. The rail track is very narrow so only one carriage can move at a time. Your task is to reorder them from their initial arrangement to a target arrangement given certain conditions about the moves that yo...	<think> Okay, I have to solve this problem where I need to find the minimum number of moves to reorder train carriages using two specific operations. Let me think through how to approach this. So the problem is, given an initial arrangement and a target arrangement of train carriages, I can perform two types of moves:...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "A line of n train carriages is parked on a rail track. Each carriage has a unique number assigned to it from 1 to n. The rail track is very narrow so only one carriage can move at a time. Your task is to reorder them from their initial arrangement to a target arrangement given c...
Kaguya wants to arrange N different books on her shelf. Each book i has a weight W_i (1 <= i <= N). She also has a set of M different colored bookmarks, each with a maximum weight capacity C_j (1 <= j <= M). Kaguya wants to place at most one bookmark in each book such that the weight of the book does not exceed the cap...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where Kaguya wants to place as many bookmarks as possible in her books without exceeding their capacities. Hmm, let's think about how to approach this. So, the problem is about matching books with bookmarks such that each bookmark's capacity is at least the weight of the book...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Kaguya wants to arrange N different books on her shelf. Each book i has a weight W_i (1 <= i <= N). She also has a set of M different colored bookmarks, each with a maximum weight capacity C_j (1 <= j <= M). Kaguya wants to place at most one bookmark in each book such that the w...
A string is considered valid if the number of characters that have odd occurrences in it is no more than one. Given a string s, determine whether it can be rearranged into a palindrome. Example 1: Input: s = "civic" Output: true Example 2: Input: s = "ivicc" Output: true Example 3: Input: s = "hello" Output: fals...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to determine if a given string can be rearranged into a palindrome. Let me think about what the requirements are. So, from the examples, a palindrome reads the same forwards and backwards. For a string to be rearranged into a palindrome, at most one character can...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "A string is considered valid if the number of characters that have odd occurrences in it is no more than one. Given a string s, determine whether it can be rearranged into a palindrome.\n\nExample 1:\n\nInput: s = \"civic\"\nOutput: true\n\nExample 2:\n\nInput: s = \"ivicc\"\nOu...
Given a positive integer n, determine the number of trailing zeroes in the factorial of n (denoted as n!). Input Format A single line containing an integer n. Constraints 1 ≤ n ≤ 10^9 Output Format Print the number of trailing zeroes in n! as a single integer. Sample Input 10 Sample Output 2 Explanation The f...	<think> Okay, I need to find the number of trailing zeroes in n factorial. Hmm, trailing zeroes come from factors of 10 in the number. And since 10 is 2*5, each pair of 2 and 5 contributes a zero. But in factorials, there are usually more 2s than 5s, so the number of 5s determines the number of trailing zeros. So the ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a positive integer n, determine the number of trailing zeroes in the factorial of n (denoted as n!).\n\nInput Format\n\nA single line containing an integer n.\n\nConstraints\n\n1 ≤ n ≤ 10^9\n\nOutput Format\n\nPrint the number of trailing zeroes in n! as a single integer.\...
Write a function that takes a string as an argument and returns True if the brackets in the string are properly nested and balanced. The string may contain the following types of brackets: (), [], {}, <>. ```python is_balanced("(a + b) * [c - {d/e} + <f * g>]") # True is_balanced("[{(<a + b> + c) * d}]") # True is_ba...	<think> Okay, I need to write a Python function called is_balanced that checks if the brackets in a given string are properly nested and balanced. Hmm, I remember that this is a common problem that can be solved with a stack data structure. So, the idea is to iterate through each character in the string. Whenever I en...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Write a function that takes a string as an argument and returns True if the brackets in the string are properly nested and balanced. The string may contain the following types of brackets: (), [], {}, <>. \n\n```python\nis_balanced(\"(a + b) * [c - {d/e} + <f * g>]\") # True\nis...
Create a function `nearest_larger_element(arr, target)` that takes as input a list of integers `arr` and an integer `target`, and returns the nearest larger element on the right side of `target` in the list. If there is no larger element on the right, return -1. If the target element is not in the array, return -1. T...	<think> Okay, I need to create a function called nearest_larger_element that takes an array and a target, and returns the nearest larger element on the right of the target in the array. If there's no such element, return -1. Also, if the target isn't in the array, return -1. Hmm, how should I approach this? Let me thi...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Create a function `nearest_larger_element(arr, target)` that takes as input a list of integers `arr` and an integer `target`, and returns the nearest larger element on the right side of `target` in the list. If there is no larger element on the right, return -1. If the target el...
You are given a list of N integers. Your task is to partition the list into two subarrays such that the absolute difference between the sums of the two subarrays is minimized. Return the minimized absolute difference. Example 1: Input: N = 4 Arr[] = {1, 6, 11, 5} Output: 1 Explanation: We can partition the list into {...	<think> Okay, I have to solve this problem where I'm given a list of N integers, and I need to partition it into two subarrays such that the absolute difference between their sums is minimized. Hmm, let's think about how to approach this. So, the problem is essentially about finding a subset of the array whose sum is ...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a list of N integers. Your task is to partition the list into two subarrays such that the absolute difference between the sums of the two subarrays is minimized. Return the minimized absolute difference.\n\nExample 1:\nInput:\nN = 4\nArr[] = {1, 6, 11, 5}\nOutput:\...
Vowel Count Challenge Write a function that takes a string as an argument and returns the count of vowel characters (a, e, i, o, u) present in the string. The function should be case-insensitive, meaning it should count both uppercase and lowercase vowels. If the string is empty or contains no vowels, the functio...	<think> Okay, I need to solve the Vowel Count Challenge. The task is to write a Python function that counts the number of vowels in a given string. The function should be case-insensitive, so both uppercase and lowercase vowels are counted. If the string is empty or has no vowels, it should return 0. First, I think ab...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Vowel Count Challenge\n\nWrite a function that takes a string as an argument and returns the count of vowel characters (a, e, i, o, u) present in the string. The function should be case-insensitive, meaning it should count both uppercase and lowercase vowels.\n\nIf the strin...
You are given a 2-dimensional rectangular grid of n rows and m columns. Each cell of the grid can either be empty or contain an obstacle. Natasha starts from the top-left cell (1, 1) and wants to reach the bottom-right cell (n, m). From any cell (i, j), she can move to the adjacent cells directly to the right (i, j+1) ...	<think> Okay, so I have this problem where Natasha needs to find the shortest path from the top-left corner of a grid to the bottom-right corner. The grid has obstacles, and she can only move right or down. Hmm, I think this is a classic shortest path problem, so BFS should work here since BFS is good for finding the m...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a 2-dimensional rectangular grid of n rows and m columns. Each cell of the grid can either be empty or contain an obstacle. Natasha starts from the top-left cell (1, 1) and wants to reach the bottom-right cell (n, m). From any cell (i, j), she can move to the adjac...
Two friends, Alice and Bob, are playing a game with numbers. Alice likes even numbers, and Bob likes odd numbers. They have an array of n integers. Each friend takes turns picking a number from either end of the array. Alice always goes first. The goal of the game is to maximize their score, which is the sum of all th...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where Alice and Bob are playing a game picking numbers from either end of an array. The goal is to compute their scores after the game ends. Let's think about how to approach this. So, the rules are: Alice goes first and picks even numbers, Bob picks odd. They can take from e...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Two friends, Alice and Bob, are playing a game with numbers. Alice likes even numbers, and Bob likes odd numbers. They have an array of n integers. Each friend takes turns picking a number from either end of the array. Alice always goes first.\n\nThe goal of the game is to maxim...
Given an integer array nums representing the stock prices on different days, your task is to find the maximum profit you can achieve by buying and selling one share only. You cannot engage in multiple transactions (i.e., buy one share and then later sell it once). Given are n, representing the number of elements in th...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to find the maximum profit from a single buy and sell transaction in a stock price array. Hmm, let's think about how to approach this. So the problem is, given an array of stock prices over n days, I need to buy once and sell once such that the profit is maximize...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an integer array nums representing the stock prices on different days, your task is to find the maximum profit you can achieve by buying and selling one share only. You cannot engage in multiple transactions (i.e., buy one share and then later sell it once).\n\nGiven are n...
# Task Mary is throwing a party, and she decided to give away candies to her guests. However, she wants the distribution to be fair. She has a list of the number of candies each guest wants and wants to distribute candies such that no one gets more than they want, and the total number of candies distributed is maximize...	<think> Okay, so I have to solve this problem where Mary wants to distribute candies fairly. Hmm, let's see what the problem says. The goal is to give each guest as many candies as possible without exceeding their desired number, and maximize the total distributed without exceeding the total available. Wait, the probl...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "# Task\nMary is throwing a party, and she decided to give away candies to her guests. However, she wants the distribution to be fair. She has a list of the number of candies each guest wants and wants to distribute candies such that no one gets more than they want, and the total...
Given an array of integers and an integer `k`, find the k-th smallest element in the array. Note that it is the k-th smallest element in the sorted order, not the k-th distinct element. You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ the array's length. Example 1: Input: [3,2,1,5,6,4], k = 2 Output: 2 Example 2: Input...	<think> Okay, so I have to solve this problem where I'm given an array of integers and an integer k, and I need to find the k-th smallest element in the array. Hmm, let me think about this. Wait, the note says it's the k-th smallest element in the sorted order, not the distinct one. So duplicates are considered. For e...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an array of integers and an integer `k`, find the k-th smallest element in the array. \n\nNote that it is the k-th smallest element in the sorted order, not the k-th distinct element.\n\nYou may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ the array's length.\n\nExample 1:\n\nInput: ...
Given an array of integers where each element appears exactly twice except for one element which appears exactly once, find the single element that appears only once. Example: Input: [4, 1, 2, 1, 2] Output: 4 ### Format: Generate an executable Python function to solve the given problem. The function should read inp...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have an array of integers, and every element appears exactly twice except for one which appears once. My task is to find that single element and return it. Hmm. Let me think about how to approach this. So the problem is similar to finding the single number in a list w...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an array of integers where each element appears exactly twice except for one element which appears exactly once, find the single element that appears only once.\n\nExample:\n\nInput: [4, 1, 2, 1, 2]\n\nOutput: 4\n\n### Format: Generate an executable Python function to solv...
Given an integer n, compute the sum of squares of the first n natural numbers. The sum of squares of the first n natural numbers can be calculated using the formula S(n) = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) / 6. Input The only line of input contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100). Output Output the sum of squares of the first n natura...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to compute the sum of squares of the first n natural numbers. Hmm, I remember that there's a formula for this. Oh right, the formula is S(n) = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6. So I should use this formula because it's efficient and quick, especially since n is up to 100, which i...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an integer n, compute the sum of squares of the first n natural numbers.\n\nThe sum of squares of the first n natural numbers can be calculated using the formula S(n) = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) / 6. \n\nInput\n\nThe only line of input contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100).\n\nOutput...
You manage a construction site where you have a number of tasks to complete. Each task requires a specific number of hours to finish. However, there are certain conditions you must adhere to while assigning the tasks: 1. Some tasks can only start after other specific tasks are completed. These dependencies are given a...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to find the minimum number of hours required to complete all tasks on a construction site. Let's see the problem statement again. So, the problem has tasks with dependencies. Each task can only start after certain other tasks are completed. Also, I can work on on...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You manage a construction site where you have a number of tasks to complete. Each task requires a specific number of hours to finish. However, there are certain conditions you must adhere to while assigning the tasks:\n\n1. Some tasks can only start after other specific tasks ar...
You have a network of computers represented as an undirected graph with N nodes and M edges. Each computer (node) has a unique integer ID from 1 to N. The connections (edges) between computers can have different communication times represented by positive integers. You need to find the minimum time required for a packe...	<think> Okay, so I have this problem where I need to find the shortest path from computer 1 to computer N in a graph with N nodes and M edges. The edges have weights, and I need the minimum total communication time. If there's no path, I return -1. Hmm, the constraints are pretty tight here. N can be up to 1e5 and M u...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You have a network of computers represented as an undirected graph with N nodes and M edges. Each computer (node) has a unique integer ID from 1 to N. The connections (edges) between computers can have different communication times represented by positive integers. You need to f...
Given the infinite sequence of numbers where each term is generated by doubling the previous term and adding 1, starting from 1: ``` 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ... ``` Write a function that calculates the nth term of this sequence from the term index (starting at index 1) e.g.: ```python nth_term_sequence(1); # 1 nth_term...	<think> Okay, let's see. I need to write a Python function called nth_term_sequence that calculates the nth term of a sequence where each term is generated by doubling the previous term and adding 1. The sequence starts with 1, so the first term is 1, and so on. Wait, looking at the example, when n=1, it's 1. n=2 is 3...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given the infinite sequence of numbers where each term is generated by doubling the previous term and adding 1, starting from 1:\n\n```\n1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ...\n```\n\nWrite a function that calculates the nth term of this sequence from the term index (starting at index 1) e.g....
You are given an array of coins with different denominations and a total amount of money. Write a function to compute the minimum number of coins required to make up that amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any combination of the coins, return -1. -----Constraints----- - 1 \leq coins.length \leq 10^4...	<think> Okay, I have this problem where I need to find the minimum number of coins to make a certain amount. Hmm, let me think about how to approach this. So, the problem says that given an array of coins with different denominations and a total amount, I have to compute the minimum number of coins required. If it's n...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given an array of coins with different denominations and a total amount of money. Write a function to compute the minimum number of coins required to make up that amount. If that amount of money cannot be made up by any combination of the coins, return -1.\n\n-----Constr...
Given a non-empty array of integers `nums`, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one. Note: Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory? Example 1: Input: nums = [2, 2, 1] Output: 1 Example 2: Input: nums = [4, 1, 2, 1, 2] Outpu...	<think> Okay, I need to find the single number in an array where every other number appears exactly twice. Hmm, the problem says the solution has to be linear time and without using extra memory. Oh right, so I can't use a hash map or something like that because that would take extra space. Wait, what's the maximum s...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a non-empty array of integers `nums`, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one.\n\nNote:\n\nYour algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?\n\nExample 1:\n\nInput: nums = [2, 2, 1]\nOutput: ...
You are given a sequence of brackets consisting of '(' and ')'. The length of the sequence is N. Write a function to determine the longest length of balanced brackets that can be found in the sequence. A string of brackets is considered balanced if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket and they are...	<think> Okay, so I need to find the longest balanced bracket subsequence in a given string of brackets. Hmm, how do I approach this? Let me think about the problem. A balanced bracket sequence means every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket and they are correctly ordered. The longest one would be the m...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a sequence of brackets consisting of '(' and ')'. The length of the sequence is N.\n\nWrite a function to determine the longest length of balanced brackets that can be found in the sequence. A string of brackets is considered balanced if every opening bracket has a...
Sarah is a fan of number sequences. She recently learned about the Fibonacci sequence and became fascinated by it. The Fibonacci sequence is defined as follows: - F(0) = 0 - F(1) = 1 - F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) for n ≥ 2 Sarah wants to create a program that finds the sum of the first `N` Fibonacci numbers (from F(0) to ...	<think> Okay, so I need to write a Python program that calculates the sum of the first N Fibonacci numbers, where the sequence starts from F(0) to F(N-1). Hmm, right. Let's think about this. First, I should understand what the Fibonacci sequence is. Oh right, it starts with 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the s...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Sarah is a fan of number sequences. She recently learned about the Fibonacci sequence and became fascinated by it. The Fibonacci sequence is defined as follows:\n\n- F(0) = 0\n- F(1) = 1\n- F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) for n ≥ 2\n\nSarah wants to create a program that finds the sum of...
There is a string T consisting of lowercase letters. Alex, the Turtle, aims to identify the longest substring of T where no character repeats. Determine the length of this substring. -----Constraints----- - T is a string with length between 1 and 100 (inclusive). - Each character in T is a lowercase letter (a to z...	<think> Okay, I need to solve this problem where I have to find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters in a given string. Hmm. Let's think about how to approach this. So, the problem is similar to the Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters problem that I've heard about before. I remem...	[ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a string T consisting of lowercase letters. \nAlex, the Turtle, aims to identify the longest substring of T where no character repeats. \nDetermine the length of this substring.\n\n-----Constraints-----\n - T is a string with length between 1 and 100 (inclusive).\n - Ea...