pubid int32 1.57M 29.1M | instruction_seed stringclasses 1k
values | context dict | long_answer stringclasses 1k
values | final_decision stringclasses 3
values | template_name stringclasses 8
values | template stringclasses 8
values | rendered_input stringlengths 159 3.27k | rendered_output stringlengths 2 827 | _source stringclasses 1
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18,322,741 | Does laparoscopic surgery decrease the risk of atrial fibrillation after foregut surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial fibrillation, which occurs in 12% of all major foregut surgeries, can prolong hospital stay and increase morbidity. Minimally invasive techniques in foregut surgery have been suggested to cause less tissue trauma. We examined the factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation after ... | Laparoscopic surgery is associated with lower risk of atrial fibrillation in foregut surgery. Development of atrial fibrillation is associated with increased length of intensive care stay. We recommend a prospective trial to confirm our findings. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Atrial fibrillation, which occurs in 12% of all major foregut surgeries, can prolong hospital stay and increase morbidity. Minimally invasive techniques in foregut surgery have been suggested to cause less tissue trauma. We examined the factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation after... | Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Cohort Studies, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Female, Humans, Laparoscopy, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,521,278 | Is plate clearing a risk factor for obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Identifying eating behaviors which contribute to excess weight gain will inform obesity prevention strategies. A tendency to clear one's plate when eating may be a risk factor for obesity in an environment where food is plentiful. Whether plate clearing is associated with increased body weight in... | The tendency to clear one's plate when eating is associated with increased body weight and may constitute a risk factor for weight gain. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
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{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Identifying eating behaviors which contribute to excess weight gain will inform obesity prevention strategies. A tendency to clear one's plate when eating may be a risk factor for obesity in an environment where food is plentiful. Whether plate clearing is associated with increased body weight ... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,389,866 | Chemoradiotherapy in the management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma esophagus: is surgical resection required? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study aims to evaluate benefit of adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy alone in management of carcinoma esophagus.",
"We retrospectively analyzed 45 eligible patients of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma which were enrolled from February 2008 to April 2009. All patients were treat... | The study suggests that there is no difference in clinical toxicity profiles or survival outcomes with either definitive chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiation followed by surgery in management of locally advanced esophageal cancer. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: The present study aims to evaluate benefit of adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy alone in management of carcinoma esophagus., We retrospectively analyzed 45 eligible patients of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma which were enrolled from February 2008 to April 2009. All patients were treated w... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
22,023,714 | Does delivery mode affect women's postpartum quality of life in rural China? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the impact of delivery mode on women's postpartum quality of life in rural China and probe factors influencing postnatal quality of life.",
"Childbirth significantly affects puerpera's physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life. Under the circumstance of increasi... | Delivery mode did not affect postpartum quality of life in rural China. Socio-cultural determinants may contribute more in influencing postnatal quality of life. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To explore the impact of delivery mode on women's postpartum quality of life in rural China and probe factors influencing postnatal quality of life., Childbirth significantly affects puerpera's physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life. Under the circumstance of increasing... | Does delivery mode affect women's postpartum quality of life in rural China? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,757,987 | Does the treatment of amblyopia normalise subfoveal choroidal thickness in amblyopic children? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have found a choroidal thickening in amblyopic eyes and suggested that there might be a relationship between the choroid and amblyopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six-month treatment of amblyopia on choroidal thickness in anisometropic hyperopic amblyopic c... | Although a six-month treatment of amblyopia increased the visual acuity of the anisometropic hyperopic amblyopic eyes, it could not significantly change choroidal thickness. Our results were in accordance with the conventional explanation, which suggests visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus abnormalities in the... | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Recent studies have found a choroidal thickening in amblyopic eyes and suggested that there might be a relationship between the choroid and amblyopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six-month treatment of amblyopia on choroidal thickness in anisometropic hyperopic amblyop... | Does the treatment of amblyopia normalise subfoveal choroidal thickness in amblyopic children? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
9,792,366 | Is HIV/STD control in Jamaica making a difference? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the impact of the comprehensive HIV/STD Control Program established in Jamaica since the late 1980s on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.",
"AIDS case reports, HIV testing of blood donors, antenatal clinic attenders (ANC), food service workers, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attender... | HIV/STD control measures appear to have slowed the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Jamaica, however a significant minority of persons continue to have unprotected sex in high risk situations. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "AIDS case reports, HIV testing of blood donors, antenatal clinic attenders (ANC), food service workers, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attenders, female prostitutes, homosexuals and other groups were used to monitor the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Primary and secondary syphilis and cases of congenital syphilis were ... | METHODS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
12,846,929 | Quality of life in lung cancer patients: does socioeconomic status matter? | {
"contexts": [
"As part of a prospective study on quality of life in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients an investigation was carried out to examine whether there were differences among patients' quality of life scores and their socioeconomic status.",
"Quality of life was measured at two points in time (ba... | At baseline assessment patients of lower socioeconomic status showed lower health related quality of life. Since there was no clear trend at follow-up assessment this suggests that patients from different socioeconomic status responded to treatment similarly. In general, the findings suggest that quality of life is not... | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "As part of a prospective study on quality of life in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients an investigation was carried out to examine whether there were differences among patients' quality of life scores and their socioeconomic status."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper:... | BACKGROUND | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,502,203 | Cholestasis associated with small bowel atresia: do we always need to investigate? | {
"contexts": [
"Cholestasis occurs frequently in patients with small bowel atresia (SBA) and is often attributed to prolonged parental nutrition. When severe or prolonged, patients may undergo unnecessary intensive or invasive investigation. We characterized cholestasis and analyzed the pertinence of investigati... | Small bowel atresia is frequently associated with postoperative cholestasis that will resolve with time. We recommend a more selective and expectant approach to SBA-associated cholestasis to minimize unnecessary investigations. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
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{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Cholestasis occurs frequently in patients with small bowel atresia (SBA) and is often attributed to prolonged parental nutrition. When severe or prolonged, patients may undergo unnecessary intensive or invasive investigation. We characterized cholestasis and analyzed the pertinence of investiga... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,453,079 | Does prostate morphology affect outcomes after holmium laser enucleation? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether prostate morphology or technique used has any effect on postoperative outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.",
"A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was completed for all patients undergoing a holmium laser enucleation of the prostate ... | Those patients with trilobar prostate morphology are more likely to achieve a greater decrease in the PVR urine volume after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. All other outcomes appeared to be similar between the 2 groups. In addition, a 2-lobe technique can be safely used for trilobar prostates when deemed fe... | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To determine whether prostate morphology or technique used has any effect on postoperative outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate., A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was completed for all patients undergoing a holmium laser enucleation of the prostate at ou... | Aged, Humans, Laser Therapy, Lasers, Solid-State, Male, Middle Aged, Prostate, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,698,298 | MR arthrography of the shoulder: do we need local anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess pain intensity with and without subcutaneous local anesthesia prior to intraarticular administration of contrast medium for magnetic resonance arthrography (MRa) of the shoulder.",
"This single-center study was conducted after an IRB waiver of authorization, between January 2010 and... | Local anesthesia is not required to lower a patient's pain intensity when applying intra-articular contrast media for MR arthrography of the shoulder. This could result in reduced costs and a reduced risk of adverse reactions, without an impact on patient comfort. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To assess pain intensity with and without subcutaneous local anesthesia prior to intraarticular administration of contrast medium for magnetic resonance arthrography (MRa) of the shoulder., This single-center study was conducted after an IRB waiver of authorization, between January 2010 and D... | MR arthrography of the shoulder: do we need local anesthesia? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,098,953 | Are IgM-enriched immunoglobulins an effective adjuvant in septic VLBW infants? | {
"contexts": [
"All VLBW infants from January 2008 to December 2012 with positive blood culture beyond 72 hours of life were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Newborns born after June 2010 were treated with IgM-eIVIG, 250 mg/kg/day iv for three days in addition to standard antibiotic regimen and compared... | This hypothesis-generator study shows that IgM-eIVIG is an effective adjuvant therapy in VLBW infants with proven sepsis. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this pilot observation. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: All VLBW infants from January 2008 to December 2012 with positive blood culture beyond 72 hours of life were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Newborns born after June 2010 were treated with IgM-eIVIG, 250 mg/kg/day iv for three days in addition to standard antibiotic regimen and compar... | This hypothesis-generator study shows that IgM-eIVIG is an effective adjuvant therapy in VLBW infants with proven sepsis. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this pilot observation. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,666,444 | Is there any evidence of a "July effect" in patients undergoing major cancer surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The \"July effect\" refers to the phenomenon of adverse impacts on patient care arising from the changeover in medical staff that takes place during this month at academic medical centres in North America. There has been some evidence supporting the presence of the July effect, including data fro... | On the whole, the data confirm an absence of a July effect in patients undergoing major cancer surgery. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:The "July effect" refers to the phenomenon of adverse impacts on patient care arising from the changeover in medical staff that takes place during this month at academic medical centres in North America. There has been some evidence supporting the presence of the July effect, including data from... | Adult, Aged, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, North America, Periodicity, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
15,489,384 | Does reducing spasticity translate into functional benefit? | {
"contexts": [
"Spasticity and loss of function in an affected arm are common after stroke. Although botulinum toxin is used to reduce spasticity, its functional benefits are less easily demonstrated. This paper reports an exploratory meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between reduced arm spasticity a... | Using a targeted meta-analytic approach, it is possible to demonstrate that reducing spasticity in the arm is associated with a significant improvement in arm function. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
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{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Spasticity and loss of function in an affected arm are common after stroke. Although botulinum toxin is used to reduce spasticity, its functional benefits are less easily demonstrated. This paper reports an exploratory meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between reduced arm spasticity... | Using a targeted meta-analytic approach, it is possible to demonstrate that reducing spasticity in the arm is associated with a significant improvement in arm function. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,928,979 | Can myometrial electrical activity identify patients in preterm labor? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the study was to determine whether myometrial electrical activity can differentiate false from true preterm labor.",
"Electrical uterine myography (EUM) was measured prospectively on 87 women, gestational age less than 35 weeks. The period between contractions, power of contr... | Measuring myometrial electrical activity may enhance identification of patients in true premature labor. | yes | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
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{{final_decision}} | Question: "Can myometrial electrical activity identify patients in preterm labor?"
Answer: "Measuring myometrial electrical activity may enhance identification of patients in true premature labor."
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE? | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,234,860 | Delays in time to primary treatment after a diagnosis of breast cancer: does it impact survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment delays in breast cancer are generally thought to affect prognosis but the impact on survival remains unclear. Indicators for breast cancer care include time to primary treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether time to primary treatment (TPT) in breast cancer impacts s... | Time to primary treatment after a diagnosis of breast cancer had no impact on overall survival. Further studies on care before diagnosis are important in drawing up meaningful quality indicators. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Treatment delays in breast cancer are generally thought to affect prognosis but the impact on survival remains unclear. Indicators for breast cancer care include time to primary treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether time to primary treatment (TPT) in breast cancer impacts ... | Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Time Factors | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
9,142,039 | Does pediatric housestaff experience influence tests ordered for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relationship between the experience of pediatric housestaff and tests ordered on infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU).",
"Prospective, cohort study over one full academic year.",
"One academic Level III neonatal intensive care nursery.",
"Data were collected... | Interns order significantly more arterial blood gases per infant than junior and senior residents on-call in the neonatal ICU. Additional study is required to see if the experience of housestaff is associated with a broader array of neonatal outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To assess the relationship between the experience of pediatric housestaff and tests ordered on infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU)., Prospective, cohort study over one full academic year., One academic Level III neonatal intensive care nursery., Data were collected prospectively on... | Blood Gas Analysis, Clinical Competence, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Hospitals, University, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Internship and Residency, Kentucky, Pediatrics, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Workload | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,599,411 | Is gastric cancer different in Korea and the United States? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the characteristics and prognoses of gastric cancers by tumor location in Korean and U.S. subjects after curative-intent (R0) resection for gastric cancer (GC).",
"Data were collected for all patients who had undergone R0 resection at one U.S. institution (n = 567) and one South Ko... | There were significant differences in tumor characteristics by tumor location within and between both national cohorts. On the basis of these findings, further study to investigate the biological difference between the two countries is needed. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To compare the characteristics and prognoses of gastric cancers by tumor location in Korean and U.S. subjects after curative-intent (R0) resection for gastric cancer (GC)., Data were collected for all patients who had undergone R0 resection at one U.S. institution (n = 567) and one South Kore... | Is gastric cancer different in Korea and the United States? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,052,500 | Staging laparoscopy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: is it useful? | {
"contexts": [
"Staging laparoscopy (SL) is not regularly performed for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It may change treatment strategy, preventing unnecessary open exploration. An additional advantage of SL is possible biopsy of the nontumorous liver to assess fibrosis/cirrhosis. This study aimed... | The overall yield of SL for HCC was 7 %, and the accuracy was 27 %. When accurate imaging methods are available and additional percutaneous liver biopsy is implemented as a standard procedure in the preoperative workup of patients with HCC, the benefit of SL will become even less. | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Staging laparoscopy (SL) is not regularly performed for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It may change treatment strategy, preventing unnecessary open exploration. An additional advantage of SL is possible biopsy of the nontumorous liver to assess fibrosis/cirrhosis. This study a... | Staging laparoscopy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: is it useful? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
14,978,612 | Does positron emission tomography change management in primary rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The influence of positron emission tomography in the management of recurrent rectal cancer is well established but its role in primary rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study therefore prospectively assesses the impact of position emission tomography scanning on the management of primary rect... | Position emission tomography scanning appears to accurately change the stage or appropriately alter the therapy of almost a third of patients with advanced primary rectal cancer. In view of this, we suggest that position emission tomography scanning be considered part of standard workup for such patients, particularly ... | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The influence of positron emission tomography in the management of recurrent rectal cancer is well established but its role in primary rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study therefore prospectively assesses the impact of position emission tomography scanning on the management of primary ... | Does positron emission tomography change management in primary rectal cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,761,381 | Is calibration the cause of variation in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry testosterone measurement? | {
"contexts": [
"Testosterone measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is well accepted as the preferred technique for the analysis of testosterone. Variation is seen between assays and this may be due to differences in calibration as commercial calibrators for this assay are not r... | The variation in results obtained could not be attributed to variations in calibrators. The differences in methodologies between laboratories must be the reason for this variation. | no | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
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{{final_decision}} | Question: "Is calibration the cause of variation in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry testosterone measurement?"
Answer: "The variation in results obtained could not be attributed to variations in calibrators. The differences in methodologies between laboratories must be the reason for this variation."
... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,399,830 | Is robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy less invasive than retropubic radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is less invasive than radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), as experimental studies suggest that the acute phase reaction is proportional to surgery-induced tissue damage.",
"Between May and November 2006, all patien... | This study showed for the first time that RALP induces lower tissue trauma than RRP. | yes | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Is robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy less invasive than retropubic radical prostatectomy?"
Answer: "This study showed for the first time that RALP induces lower tissue trauma than RRP."
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE? | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,306,735 | Fulfilling human resources development goal in West Africa: can the training of ophthalmologist diplomates be improved? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain the perspectives of Trainee Ophthalmologist Diplomats (TOD) on the Ophthalmic Diploma Training (ODT) in West Africa with a view to improving the programme.",
"A survey of set 2005 TOD on ODT was carried out in Ghana, 2006.",
"The trainees included 10 (83.35%) males and two (1... | The ODT programme ensures ophthalmic manpower for secondary eye care level despite challenges. The stakeholders should look into problems facing the programme in order to improve it. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To ascertain the perspectives of Trainee Ophthalmologist Diplomats (TOD) on the Ophthalmic Diploma Training (ODT) in West Africa with a view to improving the programme., A survey of set 2005 TOD on ODT was carried out in Ghana, 2006., The trainees included 10 (83.35%) males and two (16.7%) fema... | The ODT programme ensures ophthalmic manpower for secondary eye care level despite challenges. The stakeholders should look into problems facing the programme in order to improve it. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
7,497,757 | Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature does not affect postoperative euthyroid sick syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has an effect on perioperative and postoperative thyroid function.",
"Prospective study comparing thyroid function during and after hypothermic and normothermic CPB.",
"Cardiac surgical unit at a university-affiliated hospita... | The results of this study suggest that normothermic CPB does not prevent the development of the "euthyroid sick syndrome" during and after CPB. Despite these changes in thyroid function, most patients in both groups had a normal postoperative recovery. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Blood was analyzed for serum concentration of total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free T3 (fT3), reverse T3 (rT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) preoperatively, 60 min after CPB was initiated, 30 min after discontinuing CPB, and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, and 5."
The above text would m... | INTERVENTIONS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,925,761 | Diagnostic and therapeutic ureteroscopy: is dilatation of ureteral meatus always necessary? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the feasibility and safety of diagnostic or therapeutic semirigid ureteroscopy without ureteral meatus dilatation.",
"A comparative, retrospective study was conducted of patients undergoing ureteroscopy from January 2000 to May 2008. For data analysis purposes, the population was di... | In selected cases, ureteroscopy may be performed without ureteral meatus dilatation with success and morbidity rates similar to when the procedure is performed with meatal dilatation. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Among the 306 ureteroscopies studied, 286 performed in 256 patients were analyzed. Median age was 50 years (16-83), 59% of patients were male, and elective ureteroscopy was performed in 183 patients (64%). Group 1: 191 ureteroscopies, Group 2: 95 ureteroscopies. Stone location: 149 in distal ureter, 60 in middle urete... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,378,554 | Are wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation equivalent? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors examined equivalence of wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation (PNA) as concepts.",
"A cross-sectional correlational design was used.",
"Participants were recruited from 22 nursing homes and 6 assisted living facilities in two states.",
"Ambulatory residents meet... | Findings depict wandering and PNA as overlapping, but nonequivalent phenomena. Evidence supporting construct validity of wandering was more robust than that for PNA. Results have implications for accuracy in scientific and clinical detection and labeling of wandering and agitation. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: The authors examined equivalence of wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation (PNA) as concepts., A cross-sectional correlational design was used., Participants were recruited from 22 nursing homes and 6 assisted living facilities in two states., Ambulatory residents meeting DSM-IV crite... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,200,172 | Can biofeedback training of psychophysiological responses enhance athletes' sport performance? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years, biofeedback has become increasingly popular for its proven success in peak performance training - the psychophysiological preparation of athletes for high-stakes sport competitions, such as the Olympic games. The aim of this research was to test whether an 8-week period of exposu... | One year following completion of the training program, all participants from the experimental group indicated that they were still using the biofeedback - psycho-regulation skills. Furthermore, these participants uniformly reported believing that these skills had enhanced their athletic performance and general well-bei... | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: In recent years, biofeedback has become increasingly popular for its proven success in peak performance training - the psychophysiological preparation of athletes for high-stakes sport competitions, such as the Olympic games. The aim of this research was to test whether an 8-week period of expo... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,497,146 | A model of healing of Los Angeles grades C and D reflux oesophagitis: is there an optimal time of acid suppression for maximal healing? | {
"contexts": [
"In patients with Los Angeles (LA) grade C or D oesophagitis, a positive relationship has been established between the duration of intragastric acid suppression and healing.AIM: To determine whether there is an apparent optimal time of intragastric acid suppression for maximal healing of reflux oe... | After 4 weeks' acid-suppressive therapy for LA grade C or D oesophagitis, successful healing appears to reach a threshold above which improvements are unlikely to be achieved despite an increase in number of hours with intragastric pH>4. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: In patients with Los Angeles (LA) grade C or D oesophagitis, a positive relationship has been established between the duration of intragastric acid suppression and healing.AIM: To determine whether there is an apparent optimal time of intragastric acid suppression for maximal healing of reflux ... | After 4 weeks' acid-suppressive therapy for LA grade C or D oesophagitis, successful healing appears to reach a threshold above which improvements are unlikely to be achieved despite an increase in number of hours with intragastric pH>4. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
9,381,529 | Immune suppression by lysosomotropic amines and cyclosporine on T-cell responses to minor and major histocompatibility antigens: does synergy exist? | {
"contexts": [
"Using murine models, we have shown that the lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, is effective in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by donor T cells reactive with recipient minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHCs). Because lysosomotropic amines can suppress major histocomp... | Lysosomotropic amines in combination with cyclosporine appear to be synergistic in the suppression of T-cell proliferation to MiHC and MHC. Use of chloroquine in combination with cyclosporine may result in improved control of GVHD. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Using murine models, we have shown that the lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, is effective in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by donor T cells reactive with recipient minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHCs). Because lysosomotropic amines can suppress major histoco... | Lysosomotropic amines in combination with cyclosporine appear to be synergistic in the suppression of T-cell proliferation to MiHC and MHC. Use of chloroquine in combination with cyclosporine may result in improved control of GVHD. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
10,927,144 | Can p53 alterations be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether p53 tumour suppressor gene alterations can be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer in terms of reduction in tumour size and local failure.",
"p53 alterations were studied in pre-treatment biopsy specimens of rect... | p53 alteration detected by IHC or SSCP analysis is not a clinically useful predictor of local response to pre-operative adjuvant therapy in advanced rectal carcinoma. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To examine whether p53 tumour suppressor gene alterations can be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer in terms of reduction in tumour size and local failure., p53 alterations were studied in pre-treatment biopsy specimens of rectal... | Can p53 alterations be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,488,985 | The English antibiotic awareness campaigns: did they change the public's knowledge of and attitudes to antibiotic use? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of the 2008 English public antibiotic campaigns.",
"English and Scottish (acting as controls) adults aged>or = 15 years were questioned face to face about their attitudes to and use of antibiotics, in January 2008 (1888) before and in January 2009 (1830) after the anti... | There is little evidence that the 2008 public antibiotic campaigns were effective. The use and visibility of future campaign materials needs auditing. A carefully planned approach that targets the public in GP waiting rooms and through clinicians in consultations may be a more effective way of improving prudent antibio... | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To determine the effect of the 2008 English public antibiotic campaigns., English and Scottish (acting as controls) adults aged>or = 15 years were questioned face to face about their attitudes to and use of antibiotics, in January 2008 (1888) before and in January 2009 (1830) after the antibiot... | There is little evidence that the 2008 public antibiotic campaigns were effective. The use and visibility of future campaign materials needs auditing. A carefully planned approach that targets the public in GP waiting rooms and through clinicians in consultations may be a more effective way of improving prudent antibio... | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,237,087 | Are many colorectal cancers due to missed adenomas? | {
"contexts": [
"An unknown number of colorectal cancers could be due to missed adenomas during previous endoscopy. Data in the literature are sparse. A large cross-sectional study was done in a prospective database of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.",
"All consecutive endoscopies over a period... | In normal daily practice, only a small number of clinically important adenomas are missed. The problem of missed adenomas probably is being exaggerated. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: An unknown number of colorectal cancers could be due to missed adenomas during previous endoscopy. Data in the literature are sparse. A large cross-sectional study was done in a prospective database of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer., All consecutive endoscopies over a period o... | Are many colorectal cancers due to missed adenomas? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,578,985 | Parasacral sciatic nerve block: does the elicited motor response predict the success rate? | {
"contexts": [
"In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach.",
"Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receiv... | Eliciting a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block. | maybe | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach., Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receive ... | Parasacral sciatic nerve block: does the elicited motor response predict the success rate? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,608,436 | Chemical shift MRI: is there any contribution to morphologic evaluation of solid breast masses? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the contribution of chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the margins of solid breast masses by benefiting from India ink artifact.",
"Eighty-eight masses in 64 patients were evaluated in T1- and T2-weighted images, dynamic contrast and chemical shift stud... | Chemical shift subtraction can contribute to routine dynamic contrast subtraction in morphologic analysis particularly for the evaluation of margins of benign lesions in fatty breasts. It can also help in morphologic analysis of masses in dense breast. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To investigate the contribution of chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the margins of solid breast masses by benefiting from India ink artifact., Eighty-eight masses in 64 patients were evaluated in T1- and T2-weighted images, dynamic contrast and chemical shift studie... | Chemical shift MRI: is there any contribution to morphologic evaluation of solid breast masses? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,701,174 | Inpatient Pediatric Tonsillectomy: Does Hospital Type Affect Cost and Outcomes of Care? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain whether hospital type is associated with differences in total cost and outcomes for inpatient tonsillectomy.",
"Cross-sectional analysis of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID).",
"Children ≤18 years of age undergoing tonsillectomy with/without adenoidectom... | Significant differences in costs, outcomes, and patient factors exist for inpatient tonsillectomy based on hospital type. Although reasons for these differences are not discernable using isolated claims data, findings provide a foundation to further evaluate patient, institutional, and system-level factors that may red... | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To ascertain whether hospital type is associated with differences in total cost and outcomes for inpatient tonsillectomy., Cross-sectional analysis of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID)., Children ≤18 years of age undergoing tonsillectomy with/without adenoidectomy were incl... | Adenoidectomy, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospital Charges, Hospital Costs, Humans, Infant, Inpatients, Length of Stay, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Postoperative Complications, Tonsillectomy | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,472,368 | Does treatment duration affect outcome after radiotherapy for prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The protraction of external beam radiotherapy (RT) time is detrimental in several disease sites. In prostate cancer, the overall treatment time can be considerable, as can the potential for treatment breaks. We evaluated the effect of elapsed treatment time on outcome after RT for prostate cancer... | A proportionally longer treatment duration was identified as an adverse factor in low-risk patients. Treatment breaks resulting in a NTDR of>/=33% (e.g., four or more breaks during a 40-fraction treatment, 5 d/wk) should be avoided. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The protraction of external beam radiotherapy (RT) time is detrimental in several disease sites. In prostate cancer, the overall treatment time can be considerable, as can the potential for treatment breaks. We evaluated the effect of elapsed treatment time on outcome after RT for prostate ca... | Does treatment duration affect outcome after radiotherapy for prostate cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,951,591 | Motor performance in chronic low back pain: is there an influence of pain-related cognitions? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often accompanied by an abnormal motor performance. However, it has not been clarified yet whether these deviations also occur during motor tasks not involving the back and whether the performance is influenced by pain and pain-related cognitions. Therefore, the ai... | It can be concluded that CLBP patients in general have worse motor task performance compared to healthy subjects and that provoking pain-related cognitions further worsened performance. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often accompanied by an abnormal motor performance. However, it has not been clarified yet whether these deviations also occur during motor tasks not involving the back and whether the performance is influenced by pain and pain-related cognitions. Therefore, th... | Motor performance in chronic low back pain: is there an influence of pain-related cognitions? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,578,985 | Parasacral sciatic nerve block: does the elicited motor response predict the success rate? | {
"contexts": [
"In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach.",
"Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receiv... | Eliciting a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block. | maybe | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach., Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receive a ... | Eliciting a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
8,375,607 | Is the breast best for children with a family history of atopy? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies reported that breast-feeding protects children against a variety of diseases, but these studies were generally conducted on \"high-risk\" or hospitalized children. This paper describes the results of our study on the effects of breast-feeding on rate of illness in normal children... | Our results suggest a protective effect of breast-feeding among children with a family history of atopy that is not confined to the period of breast-feeding but continues during the first three years of life. Breast-feeding should be promoted in children with a family history of atopy. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Previous studies reported that breast-feeding protects children against a variety of diseases, but these studies were generally conducted on "high-risk" or hospitalized children. This paper describes the results of our study on the effects of breast-feeding on rate of illness in normal childr... | Is the breast best for children with a family history of atopy? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
11,555,508 | Do inhaled corticosteroids affect perception of dyspnea during bronchoconstriction in asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Some of the disagreements on the perception of dyspnea (PD) during bronchoconstriction in asthma patients could depend on the interrelationships among the following: (1) the influence of baseline airflow obstruction on the patient's ability to detect any further increase in airway resistance; (2)... | We have shown that eosinophilic inflammation of the airway wall may increase PD and that the association of eosinophil counts with ICSs may result in lessening the PD. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Some of the disagreements on the perception of dyspnea (PD) during bronchoconstriction in asthma patients could depend on the interrelationships among the following: (1) the influence of baseline airflow obstruction on the patient's ability to detect any further increase in airway resistance; (... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
11,053,064 | Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome: is there a link with the fibromyalgia syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether fibromyalgia (FM) is more common in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) who complain of fatigue. The association and prevalence of fatigue and FM was recorded in a group of patients with pSS and a control group of lupus patients, a subset of whom had secondary Sjög... | The results show that fatigue in patients with pSS and sSS is not due to the coexistence of FM in most cases. A lower incidence in the United Kingdom of FM in patients with pSS was found than has been previously reported. | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To determine whether fibromyalgia (FM) is more common in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) who complain of fatigue. The association and prevalence of fatigue and FM was recorded in a group of patients with pSS and a control group of lupus patients, a subset of whom had secondary Sj... | The results show that fatigue in patients with pSS and sSS is not due to the coexistence of FM in most cases. A lower incidence in the United Kingdom of FM in patients with pSS was found than has been previously reported. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
22,813,804 | Does obesity impact the pattern and outcome of trauma in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Childhood obesity is pandemic condition. The effect of obesity on trauma outcomes in children has been relatively understudied. We conducted this study to ascertain the effects of obesity on the hospital outcome of injured children.",
"A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 2 to 18 yea... | Obesity does not seem to impact the severity of injury, mortality rate, types of injury, and procedure outcomes in children. Obese patients are more likely to have rib and pelvic injuries. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Childhood obesity is pandemic condition. The effect of obesity on trauma outcomes in children has been relatively understudied. We conducted this study to ascertain the effects of obesity on the hospital outcome of injured children., A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 2 to 18 years ad... | Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Obesity, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Saudi Arabia, Wounds and Injuries | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,848,044 | Does oxybutynin hydrochloride cause arrhythmia in children with bladder dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"This study represents a subset of a complete data set, considering only those children aged admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Nephrology Clinics during the period January 2011 to July 2012.",
"In this study, we have determined that the QT interval changes significantly depending... | For this reason, children using such drugs should be closely monitored for cardiac arrhythmia. | yes | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: This study represents a subset of a complete data set, considering only those children aged admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Nephrology Clinics during the period January 2011 to July 2012., In this study, we have determined that the QT interval changes significantly depending o... | Does oxybutynin hydrochloride cause arrhythmia in children with bladder dysfunction? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
10,375,486 | Are variations in the use of carotid endarterectomy explained by population Need? | {
"contexts": [
"to describe variation in utilisation of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within two English health regions and explore relationships between use, need and proximity to services.",
"consecutive case series of operations. Comparison at a population level with district stroke mortality, hospital adm... | use of CEA varies widely, depending on area of residence. Variation is not a consequence of differences in need, but reflects clinical practice and supply of services. There is evidence to suggest unmet need for CEA. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: to describe variation in utilisation of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within two English health regions and explore relationships between use, need and proximity to services., consecutive case series of operations. Comparison at a population level with district stroke mortality, hospital admis... | Are variations in the use of carotid endarterectomy explained by population Need? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,005,142 | Does early migraine treatment shorten time to headache peak and reduce its severity? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore whether early treatment would shorten the duration of headache from headache onset to its peak and reduce headache severity at peak.",
"Prior clinical studies almost exclusively focused on headache relief after dosing. No data are available on whether early intervention affects the... | Early treatment and use of triptans may lead to shorter duration from migraine headache onset to its peak but did not alleviate headache severity at peak. This could result in decreased migraine burden by reducing total migraine headache duration. | yes | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
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{{final_decision}} | Question: "Does early migraine treatment shorten time to headache peak and reduce its severity?"
Answer: "Early treatment and use of triptans may lead to shorter duration from migraine headache onset to its peak but did not alleviate headache severity at peak. This could result in decreased migraine burden by reducin... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,717,802 | After CLASS--Is a voluntary public insurance program a realistic way to meet the long-term support and service needs of adults with disabilities? | {
"contexts": [
"The CLASS Act, which was part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, established a voluntary personal assistance services (PAS) insurance program. However, concerns about enrollment and adverse selection led to repeal of the CLASS Act in 2013.",
"To estimate the number of middle-aged adults inte... | While more than a quarter of the middle-aged adult population said they were interested in PAS insurance, actual participation would be highly dependent on premium rates. The current lack of publicly subsidized insurance for long-term care and personal assistance services remains a serious gap in the disability service... | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The CLASS Act, which was part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, established a voluntary personal assistance services (PAS) insurance program. However, concerns about enrollment and adverse selection led to repeal of the CLASS Act in 2013., To estimate the number of middle-aged adults intere... | After CLASS--Is a voluntary public insurance program a realistic way to meet the long-term support and service needs of adults with disabilities? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
12,090,319 | Is there a need for pelvic CT scan in cases of renal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the necessity of pelvic computed tomography (CT) in patients of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).",
"We reviewed the records of 400 patients of RCC, who underwent treatment at our institution between January 1988 and February 2001. These patients were evaluated pre-operatively with ult... | Pelvic CT does not offer additional information in the vast majority of cases with RCC and should be performed selectively. Thus the cost of diagnostic imaging in RCC can be reduced. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Of the 400 cases, 114 were stage I, 68 were stage II, 99 were stage III and 119 were stage IV. In all patients, tumour was identified in the kidney on preoperative CT scan. Fourteen patients (3.5%) had an abnormality on pelvic CT. Five (1.25%) had category 1, three (0.75%) had category 2 and six (1.5%) had category 3 ... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
15,369,037 | Do people who were passive smokers during childhood have increased risk of long-term work disability? | {
"contexts": [
"Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke, whether it be voluntary or not, may have profound negative effects on the body. Also intervertebral discs may be affected. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that nurses' aides who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at... | The study supports the hypothesis that nurses' aides who were exposed to ETS at home during childhood have an increased risk of long-term sickness absence. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke, whether it be voluntary or not, may have profound negative effects on the body. Also intervertebral discs may be affected. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that nurses' aides who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS... | Do people who were passive smokers during childhood have increased risk of long-term work disability? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,342,562 | The clinical significance of bile duct sludge: is it different from bile duct stones? | {
"contexts": [
"Some patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones are found to have sludge and no stones. Although sludge in the gallbladder is a precursor of gallbladder stones, the significance of bile duct sludge (BDS) is poorly defined. This study aimed to compare BDS with bile duct stones in terms ... | The findings indicate that the clinical significance of symptomatic BDS is similar to that of CBD stones. Bile duct sludge seems to be an early stage of choledocholithiasis. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Some patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones are found to have sludge and no stones. Although sludge in the gallbladder is a precursor of gallbladder stones, the significance of bile duct sludge (BDS) is poorly defined. This study aimed to compare BDS with bile duct stones in term... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,337,202 | Continuation of pregnancy after antenatal corticosteroid administration: opportunity for rescue? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the duration of continuing pregnancy after antenatal corticosteroid (AC) administration and to evaluate the potential opportunity for rescue AC.",
"Retrospective analysis of women at 24-32 weeks' gestation who received AC at one institution.",
"Six hundred ninety-two women re... | Rescue AC may apply to only 18% of cases, and we identified subsets of more likely candidates. | maybe | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Continuation of pregnancy after antenatal corticosteroid administration: opportunity for rescue?"
Answer: "Rescue AC may apply to only 18% of cases, and we identified subsets of more likely candidates."
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE? | maybe | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,693,227 | Does a geriatric oncology consultation modify the cancer treatment plan for elderly patients? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was performed to describe the treatment plan modifications after a geriatric oncology clinic. Assessment of health and functional status and cancer assessment was performed in older cancer patients referred to a cancer center.",
"Between June 2004 and May 2005, 105 patients 70 year... | The geriatric oncology consultation led to a modification of the cancer treatment plan in more than one third of cases. Further studies are needed to determine whether these modifications improve the outcome of these older patients. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: This study was performed to describe the treatment plan modifications after a geriatric oncology clinic. Assessment of health and functional status and cancer assessment was performed in older cancer patients referred to a cancer center., Between June 2004 and May 2005, 105 patients 70 years ol... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,602,784 | Identification of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality: does scale matter? | {
"contexts": [
"This paper investigates the impact of geographic scale (census tract, zip code, and county) on the detection of disparities in breast cancer mortality among three ethnic groups in Texas (period 1995-2005). Racial disparities were quantified using both relative (RR) and absolute (RD) statistics th... | This study investigates both relative and absolute racial disparities in breast cancer mortality between White non-Hispanic and African-American/Hispanic women at the census tract, zip code and county levels. Analysis at the census tract level generally led to a larger proportion of geographical units experiencing sign... | yes | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: This paper investigates the impact of geographic scale (census tract, zip code, and county) on the detection of disparities in breast cancer mortality among three ethnic groups in Texas (period 1995-2005). Racial disparities were quantified using both relative (RR) and absolute (RD) statistic... | Identification of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality: does scale matter? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
16,538,201 | Does use of hydrophilic guidewires significantly improve technical success rates of peripheral PTA? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the use of hydrophilic guidewires has increased the technical success rate of peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).MATERIAL/",
"We performed 125 procedures and analyzed the technical success rates of PTA using the conventional guidewire first and then if... | In summary, we report an overall improvement and high technical success rate for peripherial PTA. The use of hydrophilic guidewires made significant difference to the technical success rate of PTA, especially in occlusion and more complicated lesions. | maybe | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Does use of hydrophilic guidewires significantly improve technical success rates of peripheral PTA?"
Answer: "In summary, we report an overall improvement and high technical success rate for peripherial PTA. The use of hydrophilic guidewires made significant difference to the technical success rate of PTA,... | maybe | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,444,776 | Is the holmium:YAG laser the best intracorporeal lithotripter for the ureter? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the efficiency and safety of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for ureteral stones.",
"A series of 188 patients with 208 ureteral stones were treated with semirigid ureteroscopy and holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy from January 2003 to December 2005. Of the stones, 116 were lower ureteral, ... | The Holmium:YAG laser is an ideal intracorporeal lithotripter for ureteral calculi, with a high success rate and low morbidity. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "A series of 188 patients with 208 ureteral stones were treated with semirigid ureteroscopy and holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy from January 2003 to December 2005. Of the stones, 116 were lower ureteral, 37 middle ureteral, and 55 upper ureteral."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedica... | PATIENTS AND METHODS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,643,961 | Major depression and alcohol use disorder in adolescence: Does comorbidity lead to poorer outcomes of depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Comorbid major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly in adolescents, have been shown to be associated with poorer subsequent MD outcomes.",
"Longitudinal data were used to model associations between a four-level classification of MD/AUD during the period 15-18 years (ne... | The results of these analyses suggest that marginally higher rates of depression to age 35 amongst the comorbid MD/AUD group were explained by increased exposure to adverse childhood circumstances amongst members of the comorbid group. Adolescent MD/AUD comorbidity is likely to be a risk marker, rather than a causal fa... | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Comorbid major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly in adolescents, have been shown to be associated with poorer subsequent MD outcomes., Longitudinal data were used to model associations between a four-level classification of MD/AUD during the period 15-18 years (neithe... | The results of these analyses suggest that marginally higher rates of depression to age 35 amongst the comorbid MD/AUD group were explained by increased exposure to adverse childhood circumstances amongst members of the comorbid group. Adolescent MD/AUD comorbidity is likely to be a risk marker, rather than a causal fa... | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,089,900 | Does Paget's disease exist in India? | {
"contexts": [
"Paget's disease of bone has been described as a few case reports from India. The aim of the present study is to document the existence of Paget's disease (PD) in India.",
"We describe demography, clinical manifestations, biochemical and radiological profile and the treatment outcome of 21 pat... | This illustrates that Paget's disease does exist in India and a high index of suspicion is required to clinch the diagnosis. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Paget's disease of bone has been described as a few case reports from India. The aim of the present study is to document the existence of Paget's disease (PD) in India., We describe demography, clinical manifestations, biochemical and radiological profile and the treatment outcome of 21 patients... | Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Back Pain, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Child, Diphosphonates, Female, Headache, Health Surveys, Hospitals, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Osteitis Deformans, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,353,735 | Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in CKD patients with ergocalciferol: are current K/DOQI treatment guidelines adequate? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (VDDI) is common in CKD patients and may be associated with abnormal mineral metabolism. It is not clear whether the K/DOQI recommended doses of ergocalciferol are adequate for correction of VDDI and hyperparathyroidism.",
"Retrospective study of 88 patients... | Current K/DOQI guidelines are inadequate for correcting VDDI or secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients. Future studies should examine the effects of higher or more frequent dosing of ergocalciferol on these clinical endpoints. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "88 patients with CKD were treated with ergocalciferol. Mean age 56.8 +/- 9.5 years and 41% were males. The mean (+/- SD) GFR was 28.3 +/- 16.6 ml/min. At the end of the 6-month period of ergocalciferol treatment, the mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D level increased from 15.1 +/- 5.8 to 23.3 +/- 11.8 ng/ml (37.75 +/- 14.5 to 5... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,158,048 | Histologic evaluation of the testicular remnant associated with the vanishing testes syndrome: is surgical management necessary? | {
"contexts": [
"There is controversy surrounding the optimal management of the testicular remnant associated with the vanishing testes syndrome. Some urologists advocate the need for surgical exploration, whereas others believe this is unnecessary. These differing opinions are based on the variable reports of vi... | In our review, we identified that a significant number of testicular remnants associated with the vanishing testes syndrome can harbor viable germ cell elements or seminiferous tubules. The exact fate of these residual elements remains unknown; however, there may exist the potential for malignant transformation. Given ... | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:There is controversy surrounding the optimal management of the testicular remnant associated with the vanishing testes syndrome. Some urologists advocate the need for surgical exploration, whereas others believe this is unnecessary. These differing opinions are based on the variable reports of v... | Child, Preschool, Cryptorchidism, Germ Cells, Humans, Infant, Male, Seminiferous Tubules, Testis | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,684,514 | Should all patients be optimized to the same preoperative hemoglobin level to avoid transfusion in primary knee arthroplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"Optimization of the preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level is an effective way to reduce allogeneic transfusion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) though the procedure is expensive, requires close monitoring and is often inconvenient for patients with reduced mobility. Our aim was to investigate the va... | Not all the patients undergoing TKA who receive tranexamic acid need the same preoperative Hb optimization target. Two easily available factors, such as the ASA score and the Hb level, can help individualize the Hb optimization target. | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Optimization of the preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level is an effective way to reduce allogeneic transfusion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) though the procedure is expensive, requires close monitoring and is often inconvenient for patients with reduced mobility. Our aim was to investigate th... | Should all patients be optimized to the same preoperative hemoglobin level to avoid transfusion in primary knee arthroplasty? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,168,472 | Can static foot posture measurements predict regional plantar surface area? | {
"contexts": [
"The intent of this study was to determine if the use of a single or combination of static foot posture measurements can be used to predict rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot plantar surface area in individuals with pronated or normal foot types.",
"Twelve foot measurements were collected on 52 i... | The results indicate that clinicians can use a combination of simple, reliable and time efficient foot measures to explain 79% and 85% of the plantar surface area in the forefoot and midfoot, respectively. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The intent of this study was to determine if the use of a single or combination of static foot posture measurements can be used to predict rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot plantar surface area in individuals with pronated or normal foot types., Twelve foot measurements were collected on 52 ind... | Can static foot posture measurements predict regional plantar surface area? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,625,433 | Are high flow nasal cannulae noisier than bubble CPAP for preterm infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Noise exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit is believed to be a risk factor for hearing loss in preterm neonates. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices exceed recommended noise levels. High flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) are an increasingly popular alternative to CPAP for treating... | At the gas flows studied, HFNC are not noisier than BCPAP for preterm infants. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Noise exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit is believed to be a risk factor for hearing loss in preterm neonates. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices exceed recommended noise levels. High flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) are an increasingly popular alternative to CPAP for trea... | Are high flow nasal cannulae noisier than bubble CPAP for preterm infants? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
11,838,307 | Cold knife conization vs. LEEP. Are they the same procedure? | {
"contexts": [
"To prospectively evaluate the amount of tissue removed at loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) vs. cold knife conization.",
"Forty consecutive LEEP or cold knife conization specimens were prospectively measured and weighed by a single pathology technician. Diameter, length and weigh... | In a prospective evaluation, cold knife cone specimens were 50% longer and 100% heavier than LEEP specimens. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To prospectively evaluate the amount of tissue removed at loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) vs. cold knife conization., Forty consecutive LEEP or cold knife conization specimens were prospectively measured and weighed by a single pathology technician. Diameter, length and weight ... | Cold knife conization vs. LEEP. Are they the same procedure? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,542,542 | Is there a uniform basal endometrial gene expression profile during the implantation window in women who became pregnant in a subsequent ICSI cycle? | {
"contexts": [
"To understand which genes are really involved in the implantation process, we planned to study the gene basal expression profile during the window of implantation (WOI) of patients who became pregnant in a subsequent ICSI cycle.",
"Women attending their first ICSI cycle at ANDROS Day Surgery ... | Our data suggest that very few genes, which change their expression level during the WOI, show a quantitative homogeneous expression in endometrially-receptive patients. In conclusion, in this study only six genes showed a homogeneous expression, and are probably involved in embryo implantation mechanisms. | maybe | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To understand which genes are really involved in the implantation process, we planned to study the gene basal expression profile during the window of implantation (WOI) of patients who became pregnant in a subsequent ICSI cycle., Women attending their first ICSI cycle at ANDROS Day Surgery for s... | Adult, Embryo Implantation, Endometrium, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Pregnancy, Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,989,969 | Does the Simultaneous Use of a Neuroendoscope Influence the Incidence of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between the use of an endoscope during ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) procedures and infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we sought to analyze whether the simultaneous use of an endoscope could in fact increase the infection rate associated with VPS procedures.",
... | In the present study, the use of an endoscope during VPS procedures did not increase the risk of surgical infection. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The overall infection rate was 18.5%, including 22.4% in the groups in which an endoscope was used and 18% in those in which an endoscope was not used (P = 0.449). Groups 1A and 1B and groups 2A and 2B were matched for possible intervening risk factors. The infection rate was 28.6% in group 1A and 16.2% in group 1B (P... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,784,527 | Can mandibular depiction be improved by changing the thickness of double-oblique computed tomography images? | {
"contexts": [
"Multislice helical computed tomography (CT), which can provide detailed 2-D and 3-D reconstructed images, is useful in imaging diagnosis for dental implant treatment. Therefore, in this study, it was performed to clarify the mandibular depiction of double-oblique reconstructed images when changin... | We concluded that depiction of the superior wall of the mandibular canal cannot be improved by changing the thickness of images. | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Multislice helical computed tomography (CT), which can provide detailed 2-D and 3-D reconstructed images, is useful in imaging diagnosis for dental implant treatment. Therefore, in this study, it was performed to clarify the mandibular depiction of double-oblique reconstructed images when chang... | We concluded that depiction of the superior wall of the mandibular canal cannot be improved by changing the thickness of images. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,859,857 | Could the extent of lymphadenectomy be modified by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on topographical distribution patterns of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer was unknown.",
"Patients with FIGO stage IB1-IIB who underwent radical surgery with or without NACT were enrolled (3527 patients). A matched-case comparison design ... | The frequency and topographic distribution of LNM are not modified by NACT, and clinical non-responders showed more involved LNs. A systemic and extensive lymphadenectomy should be performed in patients treated with NACT plus surgery regardless of the response to NACT. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on topographical distribution patterns of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer was unknown., Patients with FIGO stage IB1-IIB who underwent radical surgery with or without NACT were enrolled (3527 patients). A matched-case comparison design was u... | Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Female, Humans, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Young Adult | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,422,012 | Is vancomycin MIC creep a worldwide phenomenon? | {
"contexts": [
"Vancomycin is the primary treatment for infections caused by methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The association of vancomycin treatment failures with increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is a well-recognized problem. A number of single-centre studies have id... | We were unable to find in our institution data compatible to the presence of vancomycin MIC creep during the study period. This phenomenon seems not to be generalized; as a result each institution should systematically monitor MRSA vancomycin MIC over time. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of vancomycin MIC for isolates of MRSA over a 3-year period in a tertiary university hospital in Portugal. MRSA isolates from samples of patients admitted from January 2007 to December 2009 were assessed. Etest method was used to determine the respective vancomycin MIC. ... | METHODS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
14,745,753 | Is half-dose contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography sufficient for the abdominal aorta and pelvis? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the usefulness of half-dose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for depicting the abdominal aorta and its major branches.",
"A total of 72 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups that underwent MR angiography after receiving different co... | Half-dose MR angiography using diluted contrast medium injected at a rate of 1 mL/second depicted the abdominal aorta and its branches as clearly as using a full single dose. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To evaluate the usefulness of half-dose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for depicting the abdominal aorta and its major branches., A total of 72 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups that underwent MR angiography after receiving different concen... | Half-dose MR angiography using diluted contrast medium injected at a rate of 1 mL/second depicted the abdominal aorta and its branches as clearly as using a full single dose. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,375,490 | Are laboratories reporting serum quantitative hCG results correctly? | {
"contexts": [
"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone that exists in multiple forms. Immunoassays commonly used in clinical laboratories measure intact hCG, total beta hCG (intact hCG + hCG free beta-subunit), and/or hCG free beta-subunit. Measurement of serum concentrations ... | Many factors contribute to the erroneous reporting of hCG results, including (a) the complexity of hCG molecule and confusion of nomenclature on the various forms of hCG; (b) laboratory personnel's lack of awareness of the distinctions of the forms of hCG and failure to recognize the specificity of assays for their mea... | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone that exists in multiple forms. Immunoassays commonly used in clinical laboratories measure intact hCG, total beta hCG (intact hCG + hCG free beta-subunit), and/or hCG free beta-subunit. Measurement of serum concentration... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,725,704 | Can clinical supervision sustain our workforce in the current healthcare landscape? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical supervision is widely recognised as a mechanism for providing professional support, professional development and clinical governance for healthcare workers. There have been limited studies about the effectiveness of clinical supervision for allied health and minimal studies conducted wit... | The results of the study demonstrate that when clinical supervision uses best practice principles, it can provide professional support for allied health workers, even during times of rapid organisational change. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Clinical supervision is widely recognised as a mechanism for providing professional support, professional development and clinical governance for healthcare workers. There have been limited studies about the effectiveness of clinical supervision for allied health and minimal studies conducted... | Can clinical supervision sustain our workforce in the current healthcare landscape? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,495,128 | The colour of pain: can patients use colour to describe osteoarthritis pain? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to explore patients' views on the acceptability and feasibility of using colour to describe osteoarthritis (OA) pain, and whether colour could be used to communicate pain to healthcare professionals.",
"Six group interviews were conducted with 17 patients with... | For some patients, using colour to describe their pain experience may be a useful tool to improve doctor-patient communication. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore patients' views on the acceptability and feasibility of using colour to describe osteoarthritis (OA) pain, and whether colour could be used to communicate pain to healthcare professionals., Six group interviews were conducted with 17 patients with kne... | For some patients, using colour to describe their pain experience may be a useful tool to improve doctor-patient communication. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,801,797 | Household and food shopping environments: do they play a role in socioeconomic inequalities in fruit and vegetable consumption? | {
"contexts": [
"Fruit and vegetables are protective of a number of chronic diseases; however, their intakes have been shown to vary by socioeconomic position (SEP). Household and food shopping environmental factors are thought to contribute to these differences. To determine whether household and food shopping e... | Improving access to FV in the household and food shopping environments will only make a small contribution to improving population consumption levels, and may only have a limited effect in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in their consumption. | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Fruit and vegetables are protective of a number of chronic diseases; however, their intakes have been shown to vary by socioeconomic position (SEP). Household and food shopping environmental factors are thought to contribute to these differences. To determine whether household and food shopping... | Improving access to FV in the household and food shopping environments will only make a small contribution to improving population consumption levels, and may only have a limited effect in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in their consumption. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
12,765,819 | Spinal subdural hematoma: a sequela of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm? | {
"contexts": [
"A case of spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm is described. Such a case has never been reported.",
"A 52-year-old woman underwent a craniotomy for a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm. A computed tomography sc... | Although the exact mechanism of SSDH in this case is unclear, we speculate that this SSDH was a hematoma that migrated from the intracranial subdural space. Low CSF pressure because of continuous drainage and intrathecal thrombolytic therapy may have played an important role in the migration of the hematoma through the... | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: A case of spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm is described. Such a case has never been reported., A 52-year-old woman underwent a craniotomy for a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm. A computed tomography scan... | Spinal subdural hematoma: a sequela of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
15,597,845 | Is the combination with 2-methoxyestradiol able to reduce the dosages of chemotherapeutices in the treatment of human ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The endogenous estradiol metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cell growth and a strong anti-angiogenic substance. We investigated for the first time whether in vitro combinations of 2ME with various chemotherapeutic compounds may result in an additive i... | 2ME is able to enhance the antiproliferative activity of certain chemotherapeutics at pharmacological relevant concentrations. This estradiol metabolite is currently in a phase II trial in patients with refractary metastatic breast cancer and the tolerability has been shown to be very good. The combination of 2ME with ... | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "For both ovary cancer cell lines a significant additive effect of 2ME with epirubicine and carboplatin was observed at the lower concentration range of these chemotherapeutic substances."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION, METHOD or RESULTS ? | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
15,954,832 | Is minilaparoscopic inguinal hernia repair feasible? | {
"contexts": [
"Laparoscopy has rapidly emerged as the preferred surgical approach to a number of different diseases because it allows for a correct diagnosis and proper treatment. It seems to be moving toward the use of mini-instruments (5 mm or less in diameter). The aim of this paper is to illustrate retrospe... | While limited by its retrospective design, the present study indicates that the minilaparoscopic approach to groin hernia repair is safe and effective, making miniTAPP a challenging alternative to laparoscopy in the approach to groin hernia repair. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Laparoscopy has rapidly emerged as the preferred surgical approach to a number of different diseases because it allows for a correct diagnosis and proper treatment. It seems to be moving toward the use of mini-instruments (5 mm or less in diameter). The aim of this paper is to illustrate retrosp... | Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Female, Hernia, Inguinal, Humans, Laparoscopy, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,865,668 | Does automatic transmission improve driving behavior in older drivers? | {
"contexts": [
"Most older drivers continue to drive as they age. To maintain safe and independent transport, mobility is important for all individuals, but especially for older drivers.",
"The objective of this study was to investigate whether automatic transmission, compared with manual transmission, may i... | Switching to automatic transmission may be recommended for older drivers as a means to maintain safe driving and thereby the quality of their transport mobility. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Most older drivers continue to drive as they age. To maintain safe and independent transport, mobility is important for all individuals, but especially for older drivers., The objective of this study was to investigate whether automatic transmission, compared with manual transmission, may improv... | Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Automobile Driving, Automobiles, Humans, Middle Aged, Motor Skills, Task Performance and Analysis | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,435,678 | Kell alloimmunization in pregnancy: associated with fetal thrombocytopenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Kell haemolytic disease in pregnancies has been suggested to be associated with decreased fetal platelet counts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of fetal thrombocytopenia in pregnancies complicated by Kell alloimmunization.",
"In this retrospectiv... | In contrast to fetuses with severe anaemia and hydrops due to RhD alloimmunization, fetuses with severe anaemia due to Kell alloimmunization are generally not at risk for substantial thrombocytopenia. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Fetal thrombocytopenia (platelet count<150 x 10(9)/l) was found in 4/42 (10%) in the Kell group and in 84/318 (26%) in the RhD group. None of the fetuses in the Kell alloimmunized pregnancies, including 15 with severe hydrops, had a clinically significant thrombocytopenia defined as a platelet count<50 x 10(9)/l. In t... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
22,497,340 | Is horizontal semicircular canal ocular reflex influenced by otolith organs input? | {
"contexts": [
"To clarify whether horizontal canal ocular reflex is influenced by otolith organs input.",
"The subjects were seven healthy humans. The right ear was stimulated using ice-water. Each subject was kept in a left-ear-down position for 20 s and then repositioned to a prone position, a right-ear-d... | Otolith organs input influences the axis of horizontal semicircular canal ocular reflex; therefore, the plane of compensatory eye movements induced by the horizontal canal stimulation is not always parallel to the canal. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To clarify whether horizontal canal ocular reflex is influenced by otolith organs input., The subjects were seven healthy humans. The right ear was stimulated using ice-water. Each subject was kept in a left-ear-down position for 20 s and then repositioned to a prone position, a right-ear-down p... | Adult, Head Movements, Humans, Male, Nystagmus, Physiologic, Otolithic Membrane, Physical Stimulation, Prone Position, Reference Values, Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular, Semicircular Canals, Supine Position, Young Adult | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,690,714 | Can EMS Providers Provide Appropriate Tidal Volumes in a Simulated Adult-sized Patient with a Pediatric-sized Bag-Valve-Mask? | {
"contexts": [
"In the prehospital setting, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals rely on providing positive pressure ventilation with a bag-valve-mask (BVM). Multiple emergency medicine and critical care studies have shown that lung-protective ventilation protocols reduce morbidity and mortality. Our p... | The study suggests that ventilating an adult patient is possible with a smaller, pediatric-sized BVM. The tidal volumes recorded with the pediatric BVM were more consistent with lung-protective ventilation volumes. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: In the prehospital setting, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals rely on providing positive pressure ventilation with a bag-valve-mask (BVM). Multiple emergency medicine and critical care studies have shown that lung-protective ventilation protocols reduce morbidity and mortality. O... | Can EMS Providers Provide Appropriate Tidal Volumes in a Simulated Adult-sized Patient with a Pediatric-sized Bag-Valve-Mask? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,417,760 | Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different? | {
"contexts": [
"Women's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier interve... | The menopausal transition warrants attention as a period of vulnerability to MDD recurrence, while health factors and VMS should be considered important risk factors for first lifetime-onset of MDD during midlife. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Women's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier int... | Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,194,560 | Does cup-cage reconstruction with oversized cups provide initial stability in THA for osteoporotic acetabular fractures? | {
"contexts": [
"The incidence of acetabular fractures in osteoporotic patients is increasing. Immediate total hip arthroplasty (THA) has potential advantages, but achieving acetabular component stability is challenging and, at early followup, reported revision rates for loosening are high.QUESTIONS/",
"This ... | The majority of acetabular components in this cohort were stable despite the small contact surface achieved between the component and pelvic bone. Three of 10 migrated in excess of the limits that predict later loosening in primary THA but it remains to be seen whether these limits apply to this selected group of frail... | yes | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The incidence of acetabular fractures in osteoporotic patients is increasing. Immediate total hip arthroplasty (THA) has potential advantages, but achieving acetabular component stability is challenging and, at early followup, reported revision rates for loosening are high.QUESTIONS/, This st... | Does cup-cage reconstruction with oversized cups provide initial stability in THA for osteoporotic acetabular fractures? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,889,895 | Will CT ordering practices change if we educate residents about the potential effects of radiation exposure? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine if educating residents about the potential effects of radiation exposure from computed tomographic (CT) imaging alters ordering patterns. This study also explored whether referring physicians are interested in radiation education and was an initial effort to... | Most clinicians did not change their CT scan ordering after receiving education about radiation from a radiologist. Radiation education allowed clinicians to discuss CT benefits and risks with their patients and to choose appropriate CT protocols. Referring physician groups are interested in this topic, and radiologist... | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if educating residents about the potential effects of radiation exposure from computed tomographic (CT) imaging alters ordering patterns. This study also explored whether referring physicians are interested in radiation education and was an initial effor... | Will CT ordering practices change if we educate residents about the potential effects of radiation exposure? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,881,325 | Do preoperative statins reduce atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have demonstrated that statins have pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory effects and atrial fibrillation (AF) preventive effects. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of preoperative statin therapy in preventing AF after coronary artery bypass grafting... | Our study indicated that preoperative statin therapy seems to reduce AF development after CABG. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that statins have pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory effects and atrial fibrillation (AF) preventive effects. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of preoperative statin therapy in preventing AF after coronary artery bypass grafti... | Our study indicated that preoperative statin therapy seems to reduce AF development after CABG. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,666,444 | Is there any evidence of a "July effect" in patients undergoing major cancer surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The \"July effect\" refers to the phenomenon of adverse impacts on patient care arising from the changeover in medical staff that takes place during this month at academic medical centres in North America. There has been some evidence supporting the presence of the July effect, including data fro... | On the whole, the data confirm an absence of a July effect in patients undergoing major cancer surgery. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "On univariate analysis, the overall postoperative complication rate, as well as genitourinary and hematologic complications specifically, was higher in July than the rest of the year. However, on multivariate analysis, only hematologic complications were significantly higher in July, with no difference in overall post... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,363,639 | Is aerobic workload positively related to ambulatory blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular disease is prevalent among workers with high levels of occupational physical activity. The increased risk may be due to a high relative aerobic workload, possibly leading to increased blood pressure. However, studies investigating the relation between relative aerobic workload and ... | Because workers may have an elevated relative aerobic workload for several hours each working day, this relationship may elucidate a mechanism behind the increased risk for cardiovascular disease among workers exposed to high levels of occupational physical activity. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Cardiovascular disease is prevalent among workers with high levels of occupational physical activity. The increased risk may be due to a high relative aerobic workload, possibly leading to increased blood pressure. However, studies investigating the relation between relative aerobic workload ... | Is aerobic workload positively related to ambulatory blood pressure? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,832,831 | Does an additional antirotation U-Blade (RC) lag screw improve treatment of AO/OTA 31 A1-3 fractures with gamma 3 nail? | {
"contexts": [
"Poor bone quality and unstable fractures increase the cut-out rate in implants with gliding lag screws. The U-Blade (RC) lag screw for the Gamma3®nail was introduced to provide monoaxial rotational stability of the femoral head and neck fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ... | In our study the U-Blade (RC) lag screw did not reduce the cut-out in treatment of OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures at all. Considering the longer duration of surgery and the higher costs of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw, our results do not justify its use. However, further prospective randomized studies will be necessary. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Poor bone quality and unstable fractures increase the cut-out rate in implants with gliding lag screws. The U-Blade (RC) lag screw for the Gamma3®nail was introduced to provide monoaxial rotational stability of the femoral head and neck fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whet... | Does an additional antirotation U-Blade (RC) lag screw improve treatment of AO/OTA 31 A1-3 fractures with gamma 3 nail? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,216,167 | Gynecological cancer alarm symptoms: is contact with specialist care associated with lifestyle and socioeconomic status? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients who were referred to specialist care after reporting gynecological cancer alarm symptoms to their general practitioner. We sought to investigate whether contact with specialist care was associated with lifestyle factors or socioeco... | Educational level influences contact with specialist care among patients with gynecological cancer alarm symptoms. Future studies should investigate inequalities in access to the secondary healthcare system. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients who were referred to specialist care after reporting gynecological cancer alarm symptoms to their general practitioner. We sought to investigate whether contact with specialist care was associated with lifestyle factors or socioe... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,346,501 | Can students' scores on preclerkship clinical performance examinations predict that they will fail a senior clinical performance examination? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to determine whether preclerkship performance examinations could accurately identify medical students at risk for failing a senior clinical performance examination (CPE).",
"This study used a retrospective case-control, multiyear design, with contingency table analyses... | Under the conditions of this study, preclerkship (year 2) CPEs strongly predicted medical students at risk for failing a senior CPE. This finding opens the opportunity for remediation of deficits prior to or during clerkships. | yes | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: This study was designed to determine whether preclerkship performance examinations could accurately identify medical students at risk for failing a senior clinical performance examination (CPE)., This study used a retrospective case-control, multiyear design, with contingency table analyses, ... | Can students' scores on preclerkship clinical performance examinations predict that they will fail a senior clinical performance examination? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,312,514 | Does quilting suture prevent seroma in abdominoplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"Seroma is the most frequent complication in abdominoplasty. Some patients are more prone to develop this complication. Ultrasound is a well-known method with which to diagnose seroma in the abdominal wall. The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy of the use of quilting suture to preve... | The quilting suture seems to be an efficient technique with which to prevent seroma formation. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Seroma is the most frequent complication in abdominoplasty. Some patients are more prone to develop this complication. Ultrasound is a well-known method with which to diagnose seroma in the abdominal wall. The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy of the use of quilting suture to pre... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,810,292 | Is minimally invasive mitral valve repair with artificial chords reproducible and applicable in routine surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Traditional resectional techniques and chordal transfer are difficult to apply in video-assisted mitral valve repair. Using artificial chords appears easier in this setting. The purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness and reproducibility of neochordal repair as a routine approach to... | Minimally invasive mitral valve repair using neochords provided a high rate of repair, reproducible results in a routine cardiac surgery setting and stable repair during follow-up. This has become our preferred technique for mitral valve surgery. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Traditional resectional techniques and chordal transfer are difficult to apply in video-assisted mitral valve repair. Using artificial chords appears easier in this setting. The purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness and reproducibility of neochordal repair as a routine approach to minimally invasive mi... | OBJECTIVES | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
12,607,120 | Does anastomotic leakage affect functional outcome after rectal resection for cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Anastomotic leakage is the most threatening early complication in sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery. While the oncological consequences have been well examined, only few data exist about the functional outcome.",
"We investigated continence function in 150 patients after curative sph... | Continence function remained undisturbed after anastomotic leakage due to rectal resection | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Anastomotic leakage is the most threatening early complication in sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery. While the oncological consequences have been well examined, only few data exist about the functional outcome., We investigated continence function in 150 patients after curative sphin... | Does anastomotic leakage affect functional outcome after rectal resection for cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
10,927,144 | Can p53 alterations be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether p53 tumour suppressor gene alterations can be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer in terms of reduction in tumour size and local failure.",
"p53 alterations were studied in pre-treatment biopsy specimens of rect... | p53 alteration detected by IHC or SSCP analysis is not a clinically useful predictor of local response to pre-operative adjuvant therapy in advanced rectal carcinoma. | no | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Can p53 alterations be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer?"
Answer: "p53 alteration detected by IHC or SSCP analysis is not a clinically useful predictor of local response to pre-operative adjuvant therapy in advanced rectal carcinoma."
Su... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
10,593,212 | Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the importance of loss of consciousness (LOC) in predicting neuropsychological test performance in a large sample of patients with head injury.",
"Retrospective comparison of neuropsychological test results for patients who suffered traumatic LOC, no LOC, or uncertain LOC.",
... | The results of this study cast doubt on the importance of LOC as a predictor of neuropsychological test performance during the acute phase of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological testing procedures have been shown to be sensitive in measuring cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (c... | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To investigate the importance of loss of consciousness (LOC) in predicting neuropsychological test performance in a large sample of patients with head injury., Retrospective comparison of neuropsychological test results for patients who suffered traumatic LOC, no LOC, or uncertain LOC., Alleg... | Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,327,500 | Gender difference in survival of resected non-small cell lung cancer: histology-related phenomenon? | {
"contexts": [
"It remains controversial whether there is a gender difference in survival of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.",
"We retrospectively analyzed 2770 patients (1689 men and 1081 women) with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection between 1995 and 2005 at the... | Women had better survival than men; however, there was no survival advantage in propensity-matched gender pairs. A gender difference in survival was observed only in the adenocarcinoma subset, suggesting pathobiology in adenocarcinoma in women might be different from that of men. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:It remains controversial whether there is a gender difference in survival of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer., We retrospectively analyzed 2770 patients (1689 men and 1081 women) with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection between 1995 and 2005 at the Nati... | Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonectomy, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Survival Analysis | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,752,725 | Schizophrenia patients with high intelligence: A clinically distinct sub-type of schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Schizophrenia patients are typically found to have low IQ both pre- and post-onset, in comparison to the general population. However, a subgroup of patients displays above average IQ pre-onset. The nature of these patients' illness and its relationship to typical schizophrenia is not well underst... | These findings provide evidence for the existence of a high-IQ variant of schizophrenia that is associated with markedly fewer negative symptoms than typical schizophrenia, and lends support to the idea of a psychosis spectrum or continuum over boundaried diagnostic categories. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Schizophrenia patients are typically found to have low IQ both pre- and post-onset, in comparison to the general population. However, a subgroup of patients displays above average IQ pre-onset. The nature of these patients' illness and its relationship to typical schizophrenia is not well under... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
7,547,656 | Does continuous intravenous infusion of low-concentration epinephrine impair uterine blood flow in pregnant ewes? | {
"contexts": [
"Bolus intravenous injection of epinephrine can decrease uterine blood flow. This study examined the effects of intravenous infusion of epinephrine on uterine blood flow in the gravid ewe.",
"Maternal and fetal vascular catheters and a maternal electromagnetic uterine artery flow probe were im... | In gravid ewes, intravenous infusion of<or = 1.67 micrograms/min epinephrine altered neither maternal hemodynamics nor uterine blood flow. To the extent that sheep data can be extrapolated to humans, these results suggest that continuous intravenous infusion of epinephrine in local anesthetic solutions is safe if the e... | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Bolus intravenous injection of epinephrine can decrease uterine blood flow. This study examined the effects of intravenous infusion of epinephrine on uterine blood flow in the gravid ewe., Maternal and fetal vascular catheters and a maternal electromagnetic uterine artery flow probe were implan... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,002,947 | Does feeding tube insertion and its timing improve survival? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube insertion affected survival.",
"Prospective cohort study.",
"All U.S. nursing homes (NHs).",... | Neither insertion of PEG tubes nor timing of insertion affect survival. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Of the 36,492 NH residents (88.4% white, mean age 84.9, 87.4% with one feeding tube risk factor), 1,957 (5.4%) had a feeding tube inserted within 1 year of developing eating problems. After multivariate analysis correcting for selection bias with propensity score weights, no difference was found in survival between th... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,237,424 | Does patient-prosthesis mismatch after aortic valve replacement affect survival and quality of life in elderly patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the impact of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on survival, functional status, and quality of life (QoL) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with small prosthesis size in elderly patients.",
"Between January 2005 and December 2013, 152 patients with pure aortic stenosis, aged at... | PPM after AVR does not affect survival, functional status, and QoL in patients aged at least 75 years. Surgical procedures, often time-consuming, contemplated to prevent PPM, may therefore be not justified in this patient subgroup. | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To evaluate the impact of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on survival, functional status, and quality of life (QoL) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with small prosthesis size in elderly patients., Between January 2005 and December 2013, 152 patients with pure aortic stenosis, aged at l... | Does patient-prosthesis mismatch after aortic valve replacement affect survival and quality of life in elderly patients? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,361,755 | Laminoplasty outcomes: is there a difference between patients with degenerative stenosis and those with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament? | {
"contexts": [
"Two common causes of cervical myelopathy include degenerative stenosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). It has been postulated that patients with OPLL have more complications and worse outcomes than those with degenerative stenosis. The authors sought to compare the... | Patients with CSM due to either degenerative disease or segmental OPLL have similar perioperative results and neurological outcomes with laminoplasty. The VAS neck pain scores did not improve significantly with laminoplasty for either group. Laminoplasty may limit extension ROM. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Two common causes of cervical myelopathy include degenerative stenosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). It has been postulated that patients with OPLL have more complications and worse outcomes than those with degenerative stenosis. The authors sought to compare t... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
16,249,670 | Does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia exist? | {
"contexts": [
"The placement of the superficial cervical plexus block has been the subject of controversy. Although the investing cervical fascia has been considered as an impenetrable barrier, clinically, the placement of the block deep or superficial to the fascia provides the same effective anesthesia. The u... | This study provides anatomical evidence to indicate that the so-called investing cervical fascia does not exist in the anterior triangle of the neck. Taking the previous reports together, the authors' findings strongly suggest that deep potential spaces in the neck are directly continuous with the subcutaneous tissue. | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The placement of the superficial cervical plexus block has been the subject of controversy. Although the investing cervical fascia has been considered as an impenetrable barrier, clinically, the placement of the block deep or superficial to the fascia provides the same effective anesthesia. T... | Does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia exist? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
11,978,239 | Do primary care physicians underprescribe antibiotics for peptic ulcer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine how often primary care physicians prescribe eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD).",
"During a 2-year period (1998-2000) we analyzed data concerning patients with PUD or NUD seen by 80 Italian primary care physicians uniformly distributed... | While Italian primary care physicians appropriately target eradication therapy for H pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease rather than nonulcer disease, the intervention was still underused in these patients. Improvements in this prescribing behavior are needed. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To determine how often primary care physicians prescribe eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD)., During a 2-year period (1998-2000) we analyzed data concerning patients with PUD or NUD seen by 80 Italian primary care physicians uniformly distributed t... | Do primary care physicians underprescribe antibiotics for peptic ulcer disease? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
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