pubid int32 1.57M 29.1M | instruction_seed stringclasses 1k
values | context sequence | long_answer stringclasses 1k
values | final_decision stringclasses 3
values | template_name stringclasses 8
values | template stringclasses 8
values | rendered_input stringlengths 159 3.27k | rendered_output stringlengths 2 827 | _source stringclasses 1
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18,322,741 | Does laparoscopic surgery decrease the risk of atrial fibrillation after foregut surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial fibrillation, which occurs in 12% of all major foregut surgeries, can prolong hospital stay and increase morbidity. Minimally invasive techniques in foregut surgery have been suggested to cause less tissue trauma. We examined the factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation after ... | Laparoscopic surgery is associated with lower risk of atrial fibrillation in foregut surgery. Development of atrial fibrillation is associated with increased length of intensive care stay. We recommend a prospective trial to confirm our findings. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Atrial fibrillation, which occurs in 12% of all major foregut surgeries, can prolong hospital stay and increase morbidity. Minimally invasive techniques in foregut surgery have been suggested to cause less tissue trauma. We examined the factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation after... | Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Cohort Studies, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Female, Humans, Laparoscopy, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
25,521,278 | Is plate clearing a risk factor for obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Identifying eating behaviors which contribute to excess weight gain will inform obesity prevention strategies. A tendency to clear one's plate when eating may be a risk factor for obesity in an environment where food is plentiful. Whether plate clearing is associated with increased body weight in... | The tendency to clear one's plate when eating is associated with increased body weight and may constitute a risk factor for weight gain. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
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{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Identifying eating behaviors which contribute to excess weight gain will inform obesity prevention strategies. A tendency to clear one's plate when eating may be a risk factor for obesity in an environment where food is plentiful. Whether plate clearing is associated with increased body weight ... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,389,866 | Chemoradiotherapy in the management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma esophagus: is surgical resection required? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study aims to evaluate benefit of adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy alone in management of carcinoma esophagus.",
"We retrospectively analyzed 45 eligible patients of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma which were enrolled from February 2008 to April 2009. All patients were treat... | The study suggests that there is no difference in clinical toxicity profiles or survival outcomes with either definitive chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiation followed by surgery in management of locally advanced esophageal cancer. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: The present study aims to evaluate benefit of adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy alone in management of carcinoma esophagus., We retrospectively analyzed 45 eligible patients of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma which were enrolled from February 2008 to April 2009. All patients were treated w... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
22,023,714 | Does delivery mode affect women's postpartum quality of life in rural China? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the impact of delivery mode on women's postpartum quality of life in rural China and probe factors influencing postnatal quality of life.",
"Childbirth significantly affects puerpera's physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life. Under the circumstance of increasi... | Delivery mode did not affect postpartum quality of life in rural China. Socio-cultural determinants may contribute more in influencing postnatal quality of life. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To explore the impact of delivery mode on women's postpartum quality of life in rural China and probe factors influencing postnatal quality of life., Childbirth significantly affects puerpera's physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life. Under the circumstance of increasing... | Does delivery mode affect women's postpartum quality of life in rural China? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
27,757,987 | Does the treatment of amblyopia normalise subfoveal choroidal thickness in amblyopic children? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have found a choroidal thickening in amblyopic eyes and suggested that there might be a relationship between the choroid and amblyopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six-month treatment of amblyopia on choroidal thickness in anisometropic hyperopic amblyopic c... | Although a six-month treatment of amblyopia increased the visual acuity of the anisometropic hyperopic amblyopic eyes, it could not significantly change choroidal thickness. Our results were in accordance with the conventional explanation, which suggests visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus abnormalities in the... | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Recent studies have found a choroidal thickening in amblyopic eyes and suggested that there might be a relationship between the choroid and amblyopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six-month treatment of amblyopia on choroidal thickness in anisometropic hyperopic amblyop... | Does the treatment of amblyopia normalise subfoveal choroidal thickness in amblyopic children? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
9,792,366 | Is HIV/STD control in Jamaica making a difference? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the impact of the comprehensive HIV/STD Control Program established in Jamaica since the late 1980s on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.",
"AIDS case reports, HIV testing of blood donors, antenatal clinic attenders (ANC), food service workers, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attender... | HIV/STD control measures appear to have slowed the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Jamaica, however a significant minority of persons continue to have unprotected sex in high risk situations. | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "AIDS case reports, HIV testing of blood donors, antenatal clinic attenders (ANC), food service workers, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attenders, female prostitutes, homosexuals and other groups were used to monitor the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Primary and secondary syphilis and cases of congenital syphilis were ... | METHODS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
12,846,929 | Quality of life in lung cancer patients: does socioeconomic status matter? | {
"contexts": [
"As part of a prospective study on quality of life in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients an investigation was carried out to examine whether there were differences among patients' quality of life scores and their socioeconomic status.",
"Quality of life was measured at two points in time (ba... | At baseline assessment patients of lower socioeconomic status showed lower health related quality of life. Since there was no clear trend at follow-up assessment this suggests that patients from different socioeconomic status responded to treatment similarly. In general, the findings suggest that quality of life is not... | yes | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "As part of a prospective study on quality of life in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients an investigation was carried out to examine whether there were differences among patients' quality of life scores and their socioeconomic status."
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper:... | BACKGROUND | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,502,203 | Cholestasis associated with small bowel atresia: do we always need to investigate? | {
"contexts": [
"Cholestasis occurs frequently in patients with small bowel atresia (SBA) and is often attributed to prolonged parental nutrition. When severe or prolonged, patients may undergo unnecessary intensive or invasive investigation. We characterized cholestasis and analyzed the pertinence of investigati... | Small bowel atresia is frequently associated with postoperative cholestasis that will resolve with time. We recommend a more selective and expectant approach to SBA-associated cholestasis to minimize unnecessary investigations. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
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{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Cholestasis occurs frequently in patients with small bowel atresia (SBA) and is often attributed to prolonged parental nutrition. When severe or prolonged, patients may undergo unnecessary intensive or invasive investigation. We characterized cholestasis and analyzed the pertinence of investiga... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,453,079 | Does prostate morphology affect outcomes after holmium laser enucleation? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether prostate morphology or technique used has any effect on postoperative outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.",
"A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was completed for all patients undergoing a holmium laser enucleation of the prostate ... | Those patients with trilobar prostate morphology are more likely to achieve a greater decrease in the PVR urine volume after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. All other outcomes appeared to be similar between the 2 groups. In addition, a 2-lobe technique can be safely used for trilobar prostates when deemed fe... | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To determine whether prostate morphology or technique used has any effect on postoperative outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate., A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was completed for all patients undergoing a holmium laser enucleation of the prostate at ou... | Aged, Humans, Laser Therapy, Lasers, Solid-State, Male, Middle Aged, Prostate, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,698,298 | MR arthrography of the shoulder: do we need local anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess pain intensity with and without subcutaneous local anesthesia prior to intraarticular administration of contrast medium for magnetic resonance arthrography (MRa) of the shoulder.",
"This single-center study was conducted after an IRB waiver of authorization, between January 2010 and... | Local anesthesia is not required to lower a patient's pain intensity when applying intra-articular contrast media for MR arthrography of the shoulder. This could result in reduced costs and a reduced risk of adverse reactions, without an impact on patient comfort. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To assess pain intensity with and without subcutaneous local anesthesia prior to intraarticular administration of contrast medium for magnetic resonance arthrography (MRa) of the shoulder., This single-center study was conducted after an IRB waiver of authorization, between January 2010 and D... | MR arthrography of the shoulder: do we need local anesthesia? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,098,953 | Are IgM-enriched immunoglobulins an effective adjuvant in septic VLBW infants? | {
"contexts": [
"All VLBW infants from January 2008 to December 2012 with positive blood culture beyond 72 hours of life were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Newborns born after June 2010 were treated with IgM-eIVIG, 250 mg/kg/day iv for three days in addition to standard antibiotic regimen and compared... | This hypothesis-generator study shows that IgM-eIVIG is an effective adjuvant therapy in VLBW infants with proven sepsis. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this pilot observation. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: All VLBW infants from January 2008 to December 2012 with positive blood culture beyond 72 hours of life were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Newborns born after June 2010 were treated with IgM-eIVIG, 250 mg/kg/day iv for three days in addition to standard antibiotic regimen and compar... | This hypothesis-generator study shows that IgM-eIVIG is an effective adjuvant therapy in VLBW infants with proven sepsis. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this pilot observation. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,666,444 | Is there any evidence of a "July effect" in patients undergoing major cancer surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The \"July effect\" refers to the phenomenon of adverse impacts on patient care arising from the changeover in medical staff that takes place during this month at academic medical centres in North America. There has been some evidence supporting the presence of the July effect, including data fro... | On the whole, the data confirm an absence of a July effect in patients undergoing major cancer surgery. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:The "July effect" refers to the phenomenon of adverse impacts on patient care arising from the changeover in medical staff that takes place during this month at academic medical centres in North America. There has been some evidence supporting the presence of the July effect, including data from... | Adult, Aged, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, North America, Periodicity, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
15,489,384 | Does reducing spasticity translate into functional benefit? | {
"contexts": [
"Spasticity and loss of function in an affected arm are common after stroke. Although botulinum toxin is used to reduce spasticity, its functional benefits are less easily demonstrated. This paper reports an exploratory meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between reduced arm spasticity a... | Using a targeted meta-analytic approach, it is possible to demonstrate that reducing spasticity in the arm is associated with a significant improvement in arm function. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
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{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Spasticity and loss of function in an affected arm are common after stroke. Although botulinum toxin is used to reduce spasticity, its functional benefits are less easily demonstrated. This paper reports an exploratory meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between reduced arm spasticity... | Using a targeted meta-analytic approach, it is possible to demonstrate that reducing spasticity in the arm is associated with a significant improvement in arm function. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,928,979 | Can myometrial electrical activity identify patients in preterm labor? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the study was to determine whether myometrial electrical activity can differentiate false from true preterm labor.",
"Electrical uterine myography (EUM) was measured prospectively on 87 women, gestational age less than 35 weeks. The period between contractions, power of contr... | Measuring myometrial electrical activity may enhance identification of patients in true premature labor. | yes | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
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{{final_decision}} | Question: "Can myometrial electrical activity identify patients in preterm labor?"
Answer: "Measuring myometrial electrical activity may enhance identification of patients in true premature labor."
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE? | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,234,860 | Delays in time to primary treatment after a diagnosis of breast cancer: does it impact survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment delays in breast cancer are generally thought to affect prognosis but the impact on survival remains unclear. Indicators for breast cancer care include time to primary treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether time to primary treatment (TPT) in breast cancer impacts s... | Time to primary treatment after a diagnosis of breast cancer had no impact on overall survival. Further studies on care before diagnosis are important in drawing up meaningful quality indicators. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Treatment delays in breast cancer are generally thought to affect prognosis but the impact on survival remains unclear. Indicators for breast cancer care include time to primary treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether time to primary treatment (TPT) in breast cancer impacts ... | Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Time Factors | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
9,142,039 | Does pediatric housestaff experience influence tests ordered for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the relationship between the experience of pediatric housestaff and tests ordered on infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU).",
"Prospective, cohort study over one full academic year.",
"One academic Level III neonatal intensive care nursery.",
"Data were collected... | Interns order significantly more arterial blood gases per infant than junior and senior residents on-call in the neonatal ICU. Additional study is required to see if the experience of housestaff is associated with a broader array of neonatal outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality. | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
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{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To assess the relationship between the experience of pediatric housestaff and tests ordered on infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU)., Prospective, cohort study over one full academic year., One academic Level III neonatal intensive care nursery., Data were collected prospectively on... | Blood Gas Analysis, Clinical Competence, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Hospitals, University, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Internship and Residency, Kentucky, Pediatrics, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Workload | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
24,599,411 | Is gastric cancer different in Korea and the United States? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the characteristics and prognoses of gastric cancers by tumor location in Korean and U.S. subjects after curative-intent (R0) resection for gastric cancer (GC).",
"Data were collected for all patients who had undergone R0 resection at one U.S. institution (n = 567) and one South Ko... | There were significant differences in tumor characteristics by tumor location within and between both national cohorts. On the basis of these findings, further study to investigate the biological difference between the two countries is needed. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To compare the characteristics and prognoses of gastric cancers by tumor location in Korean and U.S. subjects after curative-intent (R0) resection for gastric cancer (GC)., Data were collected for all patients who had undergone R0 resection at one U.S. institution (n = 567) and one South Kore... | Is gastric cancer different in Korea and the United States? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,052,500 | Staging laparoscopy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: is it useful? | {
"contexts": [
"Staging laparoscopy (SL) is not regularly performed for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It may change treatment strategy, preventing unnecessary open exploration. An additional advantage of SL is possible biopsy of the nontumorous liver to assess fibrosis/cirrhosis. This study aimed... | The overall yield of SL for HCC was 7 %, and the accuracy was 27 %. When accurate imaging methods are available and additional percutaneous liver biopsy is implemented as a standard procedure in the preoperative workup of patients with HCC, the benefit of SL will become even less. | no | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Staging laparoscopy (SL) is not regularly performed for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It may change treatment strategy, preventing unnecessary open exploration. An additional advantage of SL is possible biopsy of the nontumorous liver to assess fibrosis/cirrhosis. This study a... | Staging laparoscopy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: is it useful? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
14,978,612 | Does positron emission tomography change management in primary rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The influence of positron emission tomography in the management of recurrent rectal cancer is well established but its role in primary rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study therefore prospectively assesses the impact of position emission tomography scanning on the management of primary rect... | Position emission tomography scanning appears to accurately change the stage or appropriately alter the therapy of almost a third of patients with advanced primary rectal cancer. In view of this, we suggest that position emission tomography scanning be considered part of standard workup for such patients, particularly ... | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
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{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The influence of positron emission tomography in the management of recurrent rectal cancer is well established but its role in primary rectal cancer remains uncertain. This study therefore prospectively assesses the impact of position emission tomography scanning on the management of primary ... | Does positron emission tomography change management in primary rectal cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,761,381 | Is calibration the cause of variation in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry testosterone measurement? | {
"contexts": [
"Testosterone measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is well accepted as the preferred technique for the analysis of testosterone. Variation is seen between assays and this may be due to differences in calibration as commercial calibrators for this assay are not r... | The variation in results obtained could not be attributed to variations in calibrators. The differences in methodologies between laboratories must be the reason for this variation. | no | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
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{{final_decision}} | Question: "Is calibration the cause of variation in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry testosterone measurement?"
Answer: "The variation in results obtained could not be attributed to variations in calibrators. The differences in methodologies between laboratories must be the reason for this variation."
... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,399,830 | Is robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy less invasive than retropubic radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is less invasive than radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), as experimental studies suggest that the acute phase reaction is proportional to surgery-induced tissue damage.",
"Between May and November 2006, all patien... | This study showed for the first time that RALP induces lower tissue trauma than RRP. | yes | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Is robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy less invasive than retropubic radical prostatectomy?"
Answer: "This study showed for the first time that RALP induces lower tissue trauma than RRP."
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE? | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,306,735 | Fulfilling human resources development goal in West Africa: can the training of ophthalmologist diplomates be improved? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain the perspectives of Trainee Ophthalmologist Diplomats (TOD) on the Ophthalmic Diploma Training (ODT) in West Africa with a view to improving the programme.",
"A survey of set 2005 TOD on ODT was carried out in Ghana, 2006.",
"The trainees included 10 (83.35%) males and two (1... | The ODT programme ensures ophthalmic manpower for secondary eye care level despite challenges. The stakeholders should look into problems facing the programme in order to improve it. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To ascertain the perspectives of Trainee Ophthalmologist Diplomats (TOD) on the Ophthalmic Diploma Training (ODT) in West Africa with a view to improving the programme., A survey of set 2005 TOD on ODT was carried out in Ghana, 2006., The trainees included 10 (83.35%) males and two (16.7%) fema... | The ODT programme ensures ophthalmic manpower for secondary eye care level despite challenges. The stakeholders should look into problems facing the programme in order to improve it. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
7,497,757 | Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature does not affect postoperative euthyroid sick syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has an effect on perioperative and postoperative thyroid function.",
"Prospective study comparing thyroid function during and after hypothermic and normothermic CPB.",
"Cardiac surgical unit at a university-affiliated hospita... | The results of this study suggest that normothermic CPB does not prevent the development of the "euthyroid sick syndrome" during and after CPB. Despite these changes in thyroid function, most patients in both groups had a normal postoperative recovery. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Blood was analyzed for serum concentration of total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free T3 (fT3), reverse T3 (rT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) preoperatively, 60 min after CPB was initiated, 30 min after discontinuing CPB, and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, and 5."
The above text would m... | INTERVENTIONS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,925,761 | Diagnostic and therapeutic ureteroscopy: is dilatation of ureteral meatus always necessary? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the feasibility and safety of diagnostic or therapeutic semirigid ureteroscopy without ureteral meatus dilatation.",
"A comparative, retrospective study was conducted of patients undergoing ureteroscopy from January 2000 to May 2008. For data analysis purposes, the population was di... | In selected cases, ureteroscopy may be performed without ureteral meatus dilatation with success and morbidity rates similar to when the procedure is performed with meatal dilatation. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
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{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Among the 306 ureteroscopies studied, 286 performed in 256 patients were analyzed. Median age was 50 years (16-83), 59% of patients were male, and elective ureteroscopy was performed in 183 patients (64%). Group 1: 191 ureteroscopies, Group 2: 95 ureteroscopies. Stone location: 149 in distal ureter, 60 in middle urete... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,378,554 | Are wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation equivalent? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors examined equivalence of wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation (PNA) as concepts.",
"A cross-sectional correlational design was used.",
"Participants were recruited from 22 nursing homes and 6 assisted living facilities in two states.",
"Ambulatory residents meet... | Findings depict wandering and PNA as overlapping, but nonequivalent phenomena. Evidence supporting construct validity of wandering was more robust than that for PNA. Results have implications for accuracy in scientific and clinical detection and labeling of wandering and agitation. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: The authors examined equivalence of wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation (PNA) as concepts., A cross-sectional correlational design was used., Participants were recruited from 22 nursing homes and 6 assisted living facilities in two states., Ambulatory residents meeting DSM-IV crite... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,200,172 | Can biofeedback training of psychophysiological responses enhance athletes' sport performance? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years, biofeedback has become increasingly popular for its proven success in peak performance training - the psychophysiological preparation of athletes for high-stakes sport competitions, such as the Olympic games. The aim of this research was to test whether an 8-week period of exposu... | One year following completion of the training program, all participants from the experimental group indicated that they were still using the biofeedback - psycho-regulation skills. Furthermore, these participants uniformly reported believing that these skills had enhanced their athletic performance and general well-bei... | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: In recent years, biofeedback has become increasingly popular for its proven success in peak performance training - the psychophysiological preparation of athletes for high-stakes sport competitions, such as the Olympic games. The aim of this research was to test whether an 8-week period of expo... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,497,146 | A model of healing of Los Angeles grades C and D reflux oesophagitis: is there an optimal time of acid suppression for maximal healing? | {
"contexts": [
"In patients with Los Angeles (LA) grade C or D oesophagitis, a positive relationship has been established between the duration of intragastric acid suppression and healing.AIM: To determine whether there is an apparent optimal time of intragastric acid suppression for maximal healing of reflux oe... | After 4 weeks' acid-suppressive therapy for LA grade C or D oesophagitis, successful healing appears to reach a threshold above which improvements are unlikely to be achieved despite an increase in number of hours with intragastric pH>4. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: In patients with Los Angeles (LA) grade C or D oesophagitis, a positive relationship has been established between the duration of intragastric acid suppression and healing.AIM: To determine whether there is an apparent optimal time of intragastric acid suppression for maximal healing of reflux ... | After 4 weeks' acid-suppressive therapy for LA grade C or D oesophagitis, successful healing appears to reach a threshold above which improvements are unlikely to be achieved despite an increase in number of hours with intragastric pH>4. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
9,381,529 | Immune suppression by lysosomotropic amines and cyclosporine on T-cell responses to minor and major histocompatibility antigens: does synergy exist? | {
"contexts": [
"Using murine models, we have shown that the lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, is effective in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by donor T cells reactive with recipient minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHCs). Because lysosomotropic amines can suppress major histocomp... | Lysosomotropic amines in combination with cyclosporine appear to be synergistic in the suppression of T-cell proliferation to MiHC and MHC. Use of chloroquine in combination with cyclosporine may result in improved control of GVHD. | yes | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Using murine models, we have shown that the lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, is effective in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by donor T cells reactive with recipient minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHCs). Because lysosomotropic amines can suppress major histoco... | Lysosomotropic amines in combination with cyclosporine appear to be synergistic in the suppression of T-cell proliferation to MiHC and MHC. Use of chloroquine in combination with cyclosporine may result in improved control of GVHD. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
10,927,144 | Can p53 alterations be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether p53 tumour suppressor gene alterations can be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer in terms of reduction in tumour size and local failure.",
"p53 alterations were studied in pre-treatment biopsy specimens of rect... | p53 alteration detected by IHC or SSCP analysis is not a clinically useful predictor of local response to pre-operative adjuvant therapy in advanced rectal carcinoma. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To examine whether p53 tumour suppressor gene alterations can be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer in terms of reduction in tumour size and local failure., p53 alterations were studied in pre-treatment biopsy specimens of rectal... | Can p53 alterations be used to predict tumour response to pre-operative chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,488,985 | The English antibiotic awareness campaigns: did they change the public's knowledge of and attitudes to antibiotic use? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of the 2008 English public antibiotic campaigns.",
"English and Scottish (acting as controls) adults aged>or = 15 years were questioned face to face about their attitudes to and use of antibiotics, in January 2008 (1888) before and in January 2009 (1830) after the anti... | There is little evidence that the 2008 public antibiotic campaigns were effective. The use and visibility of future campaign materials needs auditing. A carefully planned approach that targets the public in GP waiting rooms and through clinicians in consultations may be a more effective way of improving prudent antibio... | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To determine the effect of the 2008 English public antibiotic campaigns., English and Scottish (acting as controls) adults aged>or = 15 years were questioned face to face about their attitudes to and use of antibiotics, in January 2008 (1888) before and in January 2009 (1830) after the antibiot... | There is little evidence that the 2008 public antibiotic campaigns were effective. The use and visibility of future campaign materials needs auditing. A carefully planned approach that targets the public in GP waiting rooms and through clinicians in consultations may be a more effective way of improving prudent antibio... | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,237,087 | Are many colorectal cancers due to missed adenomas? | {
"contexts": [
"An unknown number of colorectal cancers could be due to missed adenomas during previous endoscopy. Data in the literature are sparse. A large cross-sectional study was done in a prospective database of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.",
"All consecutive endoscopies over a period... | In normal daily practice, only a small number of clinically important adenomas are missed. The problem of missed adenomas probably is being exaggerated. | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: An unknown number of colorectal cancers could be due to missed adenomas during previous endoscopy. Data in the literature are sparse. A large cross-sectional study was done in a prospective database of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer., All consecutive endoscopies over a period o... | Are many colorectal cancers due to missed adenomas? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,578,985 | Parasacral sciatic nerve block: does the elicited motor response predict the success rate? | {
"contexts": [
"In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach.",
"Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receiv... | Eliciting a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block. | maybe | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach., Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receive ... | Parasacral sciatic nerve block: does the elicited motor response predict the success rate? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
19,608,436 | Chemical shift MRI: is there any contribution to morphologic evaluation of solid breast masses? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the contribution of chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the margins of solid breast masses by benefiting from India ink artifact.",
"Eighty-eight masses in 64 patients were evaluated in T1- and T2-weighted images, dynamic contrast and chemical shift stud... | Chemical shift subtraction can contribute to routine dynamic contrast subtraction in morphologic analysis particularly for the evaluation of margins of benign lesions in fatty breasts. It can also help in morphologic analysis of masses in dense breast. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: To investigate the contribution of chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the margins of solid breast masses by benefiting from India ink artifact., Eighty-eight masses in 64 patients were evaluated in T1- and T2-weighted images, dynamic contrast and chemical shift studie... | Chemical shift MRI: is there any contribution to morphologic evaluation of solid breast masses? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,701,174 | Inpatient Pediatric Tonsillectomy: Does Hospital Type Affect Cost and Outcomes of Care? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain whether hospital type is associated with differences in total cost and outcomes for inpatient tonsillectomy.",
"Cross-sectional analysis of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID).",
"Children ≤18 years of age undergoing tonsillectomy with/without adenoidectom... | Significant differences in costs, outcomes, and patient factors exist for inpatient tonsillectomy based on hospital type. Although reasons for these differences are not discernable using isolated claims data, findings provide a foundation to further evaluate patient, institutional, and system-level factors that may red... | yes | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:To ascertain whether hospital type is associated with differences in total cost and outcomes for inpatient tonsillectomy., Cross-sectional analysis of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID)., Children ≤18 years of age undergoing tonsillectomy with/without adenoidectomy were incl... | Adenoidectomy, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospital Charges, Hospital Costs, Humans, Infant, Inpatients, Length of Stay, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Postoperative Complications, Tonsillectomy | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,472,368 | Does treatment duration affect outcome after radiotherapy for prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The protraction of external beam radiotherapy (RT) time is detrimental in several disease sites. In prostate cancer, the overall treatment time can be considerable, as can the potential for treatment breaks. We evaluated the effect of elapsed treatment time on outcome after RT for prostate cancer... | A proportionally longer treatment duration was identified as an adverse factor in low-risk patients. Treatment breaks resulting in a NTDR of>/=33% (e.g., four or more breaks during a 40-fraction treatment, 5 d/wk) should be avoided. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The protraction of external beam radiotherapy (RT) time is detrimental in several disease sites. In prostate cancer, the overall treatment time can be considerable, as can the potential for treatment breaks. We evaluated the effect of elapsed treatment time on outcome after RT for prostate ca... | Does treatment duration affect outcome after radiotherapy for prostate cancer? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
21,951,591 | Motor performance in chronic low back pain: is there an influence of pain-related cognitions? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often accompanied by an abnormal motor performance. However, it has not been clarified yet whether these deviations also occur during motor tasks not involving the back and whether the performance is influenced by pain and pain-related cognitions. Therefore, the ai... | It can be concluded that CLBP patients in general have worse motor task performance compared to healthy subjects and that provoking pain-related cognitions further worsened performance. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often accompanied by an abnormal motor performance. However, it has not been clarified yet whether these deviations also occur during motor tasks not involving the back and whether the performance is influenced by pain and pain-related cognitions. Therefore, th... | Motor performance in chronic low back pain: is there an influence of pain-related cognitions? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,578,985 | Parasacral sciatic nerve block: does the elicited motor response predict the success rate? | {
"contexts": [
"In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach.",
"Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receiv... | Eliciting a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block. | maybe | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach., Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receive a ... | Eliciting a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
8,375,607 | Is the breast best for children with a family history of atopy? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies reported that breast-feeding protects children against a variety of diseases, but these studies were generally conducted on \"high-risk\" or hospitalized children. This paper describes the results of our study on the effects of breast-feeding on rate of illness in normal children... | Our results suggest a protective effect of breast-feeding among children with a family history of atopy that is not confined to the period of breast-feeding but continues during the first three years of life. Breast-feeding should be promoted in children with a family history of atopy. | yes | Generate Question Title | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Previous studies reported that breast-feeding protects children against a variety of diseases, but these studies were generally conducted on "high-risk" or hospitalized children. This paper describes the results of our study on the effects of breast-feeding on rate of illness in normal childr... | Is the breast best for children with a family history of atopy? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
11,555,508 | Do inhaled corticosteroids affect perception of dyspnea during bronchoconstriction in asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Some of the disagreements on the perception of dyspnea (PD) during bronchoconstriction in asthma patients could depend on the interrelationships among the following: (1) the influence of baseline airflow obstruction on the patient's ability to detect any further increase in airway resistance; (2)... | We have shown that eosinophilic inflammation of the airway wall may increase PD and that the association of eosinophil counts with ICSs may result in lessening the PD. | yes | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Some of the disagreements on the perception of dyspnea (PD) during bronchoconstriction in asthma patients could depend on the interrelationships among the following: (1) the influence of baseline airflow obstruction on the patient's ability to detect any further increase in airway resistance; (... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
11,053,064 | Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome: is there a link with the fibromyalgia syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether fibromyalgia (FM) is more common in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) who complain of fatigue. The association and prevalence of fatigue and FM was recorded in a group of patients with pSS and a control group of lupus patients, a subset of whom had secondary Sjög... | The results show that fatigue in patients with pSS and sSS is not due to the coexistence of FM in most cases. A lower incidence in the United Kingdom of FM in patients with pSS was found than has been previously reported. | no | Question Answering (Long) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer this question: "{{question}}"
|||
{{long_answer}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: To determine whether fibromyalgia (FM) is more common in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) who complain of fatigue. The association and prevalence of fatigue and FM was recorded in a group of patients with pSS and a control group of lupus patients, a subset of whom had secondary Sj... | The results show that fatigue in patients with pSS and sSS is not due to the coexistence of FM in most cases. A lower incidence in the United Kingdom of FM in patients with pSS was found than has been previously reported. | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
22,813,804 | Does obesity impact the pattern and outcome of trauma in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Childhood obesity is pandemic condition. The effect of obesity on trauma outcomes in children has been relatively understudied. We conducted this study to ascertain the effects of obesity on the hospital outcome of injured children.",
"A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 2 to 18 yea... | Obesity does not seem to impact the severity of injury, mortality rate, types of injury, and procedure outcomes in children. Obese patients are more likely to have rib and pelvic injuries. | no | Medical Subject Headings | Given a PubMed abstract:{{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
What are the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms for this?
|||
{{ context.meshes | join(", ") }} | Given a PubMed abstract:Childhood obesity is pandemic condition. The effect of obesity on trauma outcomes in children has been relatively understudied. We conducted this study to ascertain the effects of obesity on the hospital outcome of injured children., A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 2 to 18 years ad... | Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Obesity, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Saudi Arabia, Wounds and Injuries | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
23,848,044 | Does oxybutynin hydrochloride cause arrhythmia in children with bladder dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"This study represents a subset of a complete data set, considering only those children aged admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Nephrology Clinics during the period January 2011 to July 2012.",
"In this study, we have determined that the QT interval changes significantly depending... | For this reason, children using such drugs should be closely monitored for cardiac arrhythmia. | yes | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: This study represents a subset of a complete data set, considering only those children aged admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Nephrology Clinics during the period January 2011 to July 2012., In this study, we have determined that the QT interval changes significantly depending o... | Does oxybutynin hydrochloride cause arrhythmia in children with bladder dysfunction? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
10,375,486 | Are variations in the use of carotid endarterectomy explained by population Need? | {
"contexts": [
"to describe variation in utilisation of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within two English health regions and explore relationships between use, need and proximity to services.",
"consecutive case series of operations. Comparison at a population level with district stroke mortality, hospital adm... | use of CEA varies widely, depending on area of residence. Variation is not a consequence of differences in need, but reflects clinical practice and supply of services. There is evidence to suggest unmet need for CEA. | no | Generate Question Title with long answer | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given long answer of a question: {{long_answer}}.
What is the question asked by this research paper?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: to describe variation in utilisation of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within two English health regions and explore relationships between use, need and proximity to services., consecutive case series of operations. Comparison at a population level with district stroke mortality, hospital admis... | Are variations in the use of carotid endarterectomy explained by population Need? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
18,005,142 | Does early migraine treatment shorten time to headache peak and reduce its severity? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore whether early treatment would shorten the duration of headache from headache onset to its peak and reduce headache severity at peak.",
"Prior clinical studies almost exclusively focused on headache relief after dosing. No data are available on whether early intervention affects the... | Early treatment and use of triptans may lead to shorter duration from migraine headache onset to its peak but did not alleviate headache severity at peak. This could result in decreased migraine burden by reducing total migraine headache duration. | yes | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Does early migraine treatment shorten time to headache peak and reduce its severity?"
Answer: "Early treatment and use of triptans may lead to shorter duration from migraine headache onset to its peak but did not alleviate headache severity at peak. This could result in decreased migraine burden by reducin... | yes | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
26,717,802 | After CLASS--Is a voluntary public insurance program a realistic way to meet the long-term support and service needs of adults with disabilities? | {
"contexts": [
"The CLASS Act, which was part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, established a voluntary personal assistance services (PAS) insurance program. However, concerns about enrollment and adverse selection led to repeal of the CLASS Act in 2013.",
"To estimate the number of middle-aged adults inte... | While more than a quarter of the middle-aged adult population said they were interested in PAS insurance, actual participation would be highly dependent on premium rates. The current lack of publicly subsidized insurance for long-term care and personal assistance services remains a serious gap in the disability service... | no | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: The CLASS Act, which was part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, established a voluntary personal assistance services (PAS) insurance program. However, concerns about enrollment and adverse selection led to repeal of the CLASS Act in 2013., To estimate the number of middle-aged adults intere... | After CLASS--Is a voluntary public insurance program a realistic way to meet the long-term support and service needs of adults with disabilities? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
12,090,319 | Is there a need for pelvic CT scan in cases of renal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the necessity of pelvic computed tomography (CT) in patients of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).",
"We reviewed the records of 400 patients of RCC, who underwent treatment at our institution between January 1988 and February 2001. These patients were evaluated pre-operatively with ult... | Pelvic CT does not offer additional information in the vast majority of cases with RCC and should be performed selectively. Thus the cost of diagnostic imaging in RCC can be reduced. | no | Context Section Type | {% set n_sections = context.contexts | length %}
{% set choice = range(0, n_sections) | random %}
"{{ context.contexts[choice] }}"
The above text would most likely be found in which section of a biomedical paper: {{ context.labels[:-1] | join(", ") }} or {{ context.labels[-1] }} ?
|||
{{ context.labels[choice] }}
| "Of the 400 cases, 114 were stage I, 68 were stage II, 99 were stage III and 119 were stage IV. In all patients, tumour was identified in the kidney on preoperative CT scan. Fourteen patients (3.5%) had an abnormality on pelvic CT. Five (1.25%) had category 1, three (0.75%) had category 2 and six (1.5%) had category 3 ... | RESULTS | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
15,369,037 | Do people who were passive smokers during childhood have increased risk of long-term work disability? | {
"contexts": [
"Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke, whether it be voluntary or not, may have profound negative effects on the body. Also intervertebral discs may be affected. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that nurses' aides who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at... | The study supports the hypothesis that nurses' aides who were exposed to ETS at home during childhood have an increased risk of long-term sickness absence. | yes | Generate Question Title with meshes | Given a research abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
And given keywords: {{context.meshes | join(", ")}}.
What is the question answered by the above research abstract?
|||
{{question}} | Given a research abstract: Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke, whether it be voluntary or not, may have profound negative effects on the body. Also intervertebral discs may be affected. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that nurses' aides who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS... | Do people who were passive smokers during childhood have increased risk of long-term work disability? | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
17,342,562 | The clinical significance of bile duct sludge: is it different from bile duct stones? | {
"contexts": [
"Some patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones are found to have sludge and no stones. Although sludge in the gallbladder is a precursor of gallbladder stones, the significance of bile duct sludge (BDS) is poorly defined. This study aimed to compare BDS with bile duct stones in terms ... | The findings indicate that the clinical significance of symptomatic BDS is similar to that of CBD stones. Bile duct sludge seems to be an early stage of choledocholithiasis. | no | Question Answering (Short) | Given a PubMed abstract: {{ context.contexts | join(", ") }}
Answer the question: "{{question}}" as YES, NO, MAYBE.
|||
{{final_decision}}
| Given a PubMed abstract: Some patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones are found to have sludge and no stones. Although sludge in the gallbladder is a precursor of gallbladder stones, the significance of bile duct sludge (BDS) is poorly defined. This study aimed to compare BDS with bile duct stones in term... | no | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
20,337,202 | Continuation of pregnancy after antenatal corticosteroid administration: opportunity for rescue? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the duration of continuing pregnancy after antenatal corticosteroid (AC) administration and to evaluate the potential opportunity for rescue AC.",
"Retrospective analysis of women at 24-32 weeks' gestation who received AC at one institution.",
"Six hundred ninety-two women re... | Rescue AC may apply to only 18% of cases, and we identified subsets of more likely candidates. | maybe | Long Answer to Final Decision | Question: "{{ question }}"
Answer: "{{ long_answer }}"
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE?
|||
{{final_decision}} | Question: "Continuation of pregnancy after antenatal corticosteroid administration: opportunity for rescue?"
Answer: "Rescue AC may apply to only 18% of cases, and we identified subsets of more likely candidates."
Summarize the above answer as YES, NO, or MAYBE? | maybe | marcov/pubmed_qa_pqa_labeled_promptsource |
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