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In physics for example in electrostatics we consider infinitesimal quantities like $dq$ which means a very small charge which we integrate over the entire body. Now the meaning of $dy$ or $dx$ means a small change in $y$ and the corresponding change in $x$. When we consider quantities like $d$q I do not understand what... |
Before stating my question, let me say what I do understand:
In the ADM formalism, the Hamiltonian density of the gravitational field can be written as,
$$\mathcal{H} = h n + H_a N^a$$
where n is the lapse function and $N^a$ is the shift vector field ($h$ and $H^a$ are densities).
If we vary the lapse $n$ and the shift... |
From my understanding, there are two main types of Sachs-Wolfe effect:
1)Non-intergrated Sachs-Wolfe effect happens when the photon escapes from a potential well/peak at the last scattering, therefore appears red/blue shifted
2)Intergrated Sachs-Wolfe effect is when the photon, while on its way to reach us, fall into p... |
If I have a quantum mechanical system (QMS) whose density matrix is at temperature $T$ and I put it in contact with another quantum mechanical system (QMS2) at temperature $T$ again.
However, if I try to model this dynamically I'd be tempted to use the sudden approximation. Let the probability of QMS being in energy s... |
This is the absolute basic of a physics and yet 2 hours of googling fails to find an answer ! So ignoring all vertical movement and just concentrating on the horizontal movement:-
A man who weighs 75 kg jumps off a pier (steps off horizontally) with a force of 150N. Ignoring gravity he accelerates by 2 meters per sec ... |
In his accepted and highly upvoted answer to Why particles are thought as irreducible representation in plain English? @Valter Moretti finishes his ADDENDUM with "Finally not all particles fit into Wigner's picture".
Although @Kai subsequently commented "I'm a bit late here but which particles don't fit into Wigner's p... |
Diagram:
A - Resistance machine configured with 50lbs of resistance and in an overhead pulley system
B - Performing a bicep exercise standing with feet shoulder width apart and underneath torso
C - Performing a bicep exercise standing with feet shoulder width apart with lead foot slight forward of torso and bracing re... |
In projectile motion, let's take any point on it's trajectory i.e. we are talking about an instance where the particle is. Then, is there any centrifugal force acting in the opposite direction to the force which is acting along the radius of curvature?
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I will use braket-notation, but my question is not specific to quantum mechanics. Instead, I would be interested in a general answer for operators in some Hilbert space. Let $H$ be a Hermitian operator with eigenstates $|i\rangle$, so that $H |i\rangle = E_i |i\rangle$, where some eigenvalues may possibly be degenerate... |
The simplistic answer is that I'm pumping energy into the system thus the velocity increases and so is the amplitude.
I'm more interested in understanding it from forces considerations.
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I'm trying to converge a dilute fcc alloy consisting of Cu and U, with the Uranium concentration at 0.01%, using Hubert Ebert's SPR-KKR program (https://www.ebert.cup.uni-muenchen.de/old/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=20&func=startdown&id=51&lang=de). However it seems that after one iteration the energy of the ... |
I am struggling with balancing energy in a yo-yo. So, we have a yo-yo (massless string wrapped around solid cylinder). It is allowed to fall through a distance $h$ without rotation. The loss in potential energy $= mgh$ will be converted into kinetic energy (KE) and we can find the KE after it has fallen through a dista... |
Can you help me with a 'contention' I have with my university supervisor? Apologies if this has been answered elsewhere.
I have a device that can be modeled as a wheel/tire with a ball inside (in 2D) - a vertical circular track with a ball which is able to roll freely inside. At rest, the ball is at the bottom of the v... |
What is the capacitance of a single straight wire?
calculating the electric field using Gauss's law, I get a constant divided by the distance from the wire (r). Integrating 1/r gives me ln(r). evaluating r at the radius of the wire and infinity gives me infinity. On the one hand, I am thinking that I am using the field... |
I was surprised by this question in my physics exam. The question seems flawed to me:
Stephen has designed a lighting circuit which includes a 48 Ω resistor. Calculate the number of 100W globes that can be used in series across 240V simultaneously before overloading the circuit and blowing the fuse.
The correct answer ... |
I have seen the deffinition that a current through a capacitor can be define as $c\frac{dv}{dt}$ where $c$ is the capacitance. where is this formula came from? what is its derivation?
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I am studying Degenerate perturbation Theory from Quantum Mechanics by Zettili and i'm trying to understand the significance of diagonalizing the perturbed Hamiltonian. He uses the stark effect on the hydrogen atom as an example. Im gonna skip the calculations of the matrix elements because i understand how they are do... |
I'm trying to better understand Thomas-Wigner rotation.
I understand how to calculate it for the case of a perpendicular pair of boosts.
But I also want to see the rotation more directly. The effect is purely kinematic. It's all within the Lorentz Transformation (LT). It's therefore possible to see the rotation using a... |
For metals,
the conduction band is less than fully filled,
the effective mass $m^*=\hbar^2\Big(\frac{d^2E}{dk^2}\Big)^{-1}$ is positive for the interval $k\in[-\frac{\pi}{2a},+\frac{\pi}{2a}]$ of the first Brillouin zone, and
negative for the intervals $k\in[-\frac{\pi}{2a},-\frac{\pi}{a}]$ and $k\in[+\frac{\pi}{2a}... |
The problem
I'm trying to rederive Equation S6 in the supplementary of the article PRL 114, 126602 (2015) - ''Spin pumping with spin-orbit coupling''.
The starting point is the imaginary time retarded response function
\begin{equation}
U_i^{\alpha \beta}(r, r'; \tau) = - \langle T_{\tau}\, J_i^{\alpha}(r,\tau)\, S^{\be... |
I am currently reading Leonard Susskind's - "Quantum Mechanics - The Theoretical Minimum". On Page 38 of the book, the writer described representing spin vectors along the $x$- and $y$-axes using the spin up and down state vectors as basis vectors. I followed up to the part when he described the spin state along $x$-ax... |
Could someone explain a bit length contraction. According to the special theory of relativity objects that travel at relativistic speeds will decrease in length.
Do the atoms of the object come closer to each other or it is an illusion or something else?
Looking for examples i came across with that of muons. But this... |
How does conservation of momentum change in moving frames ( constant velocity ) and non-inertial frames?
In this question's accepted answer, it says that if the time period of application of pseudo force is negligible, then the conservation of momentum holds. But I have learnt that momentum is always conserved? Where d... |
For semiconductors, the conduction band is often drawn with a positive concavity at $k=0$ while the valence band below it is drawn with a negative concavity at $k=0$. Why is this figure never flipped in a semiconductor (or can it)? I have not seen the flipped picture is ever drawn. It is really universally true that th... |
It is well known that magnetic fields are frame dependent, with an observer travelling parallel to a moving point charge experiencing no field.
Similarly for a solenoid, a stationary observer on the central axis will experience zero field if the solenoid rotates at .99c or so and translates at the correct "screw speed"... |
I am trying to understand how to analyze and understand the $RLC$ circuit. I know that in $RL$ and $RC$ circuits there is time constant $\tau$ wich determine how long it will take to $I_{(t)}$ decress to about $0.001I_0$. but what is the factor that determine it in $RLC$ circuits? is it the $Q$ factor?
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I have recently started reading about the Press-Schechter formalism in cosmological structure formation, but what I still do not understand is why we need a smoothed density field in the first place. When we smooth we are losing information at smaller scales and I don't see where introducing noise to the density field ... |
What exactly is an orbifold? I've come across orbifolds on several occasions and I know they are important to string theory, but what is an orbifold? I've seen some very technical mathematical definitions, but I was wondering if there was a more basic/intuitive definition. Also, what is the physical interpretation of a... |
When going through vented box loudspeaker box design (at least two or three simulators I've tried), they accept the speaker parameters as input, and I get the volume of the box, and diameter and length of the port as output.
It is my understanding that what's happening in a vented box, by analogy with an electric circu... |
I'm quite new to physics so this question may sound dumb for many of you. But when I was learning about uniform circular motion, all sources I can find talks about centripetal acceleration, and, when multiplied by mass, the centripetal force. However, when I tried to look up centripetal velocity, I found nothing.
Accor... |
Consider the case of objects rolling down an inclined plane at different speeds depending on their moment of inertia. Some basic equations are shown in this screenshot from Michel van Biezen. He is considering the specific case of a solid cylinder but my question is more general:
Let's say we are comparing a metal sol... |
Does the current change when it passes from the copper wire to the aluminium wire or does its value stay the same?
Picture to illustrate the question
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When you take a small portion of an adhesive, it solidifies after some time while the other part in the container remains in liquid state. Why does this happen?
|
Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) quantization is way of quantizing a theory, which is apparently more powerful than BRST quantization. It has been used, for example, for string field theory, in the closed string approach.
Weinberg's book (Vol 2, chapter 15.9) is quite hard to understand for me, as I don't get the physical motiv... |
In an article by CERN states
The minimal version of supersymmetry predicts that the Higgs boson mass should be less than 120-130 GeV
How was this conclusion reached? I could not find any answers on the web.
|
Let's assume that the resistance of a wire is zero. Now, suppose the wire has a length of 10 m and is connected to a battery with an emf of 10 V. According to my physics textbook, the electric field should be constant across the wire. Using the equation ΔV = -ʃE·ds, the voltage drop for a path Δs in the wire should be ... |
Google provides no answers to this question. Google only tells how it cools but not how it it creates airflow. Could someone explain how handheld folding fans create an airflow despite only moving back and forth?
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When a block is stationary on an inclined plane, the frictional force on the base of the block has a torque about the center of gravity of the block. However, the block does not rotate. Which force provides the opposing torque to that of friction? This opposing torque cannot be from gravity, since both components of th... |
Say I have some magnetic vector potential $A$ which is not in Coulomb gauge, meaning $\nabla \cdot A \neq 0$. I can set it to Coulomb gauge by adding some scalar potential function $\nabla \phi$ (and that's okay because the rotor - the magnetic force, will stay the same).
My questions is whether there is only one uniqu... |
I was reading kittel and came across this .Its mentioned that since scattering factors of k+ and cl- are almost same the entire crystal appears to be a simple cubic crystal of constant $a/2$. but how this leads to the fact that only even integers appear as reflection indices for $\rm KCl$?
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The problem of the mass in inclined planed solved using the Lagrangian mechanics is well known, by example on this page.
However, according to my information, method is valid for any basis and expressions of the involved concepts. Thus, if I define a 2D euclidean basis, being $x$ the horizontal distance and $y$ the hei... |
Feynman path integral for non-relativistic case is defined as:
$$\int\mathcal{D}[x(t)]e^{iS/\hbar}$$
where $$\int \mathcal{D[x(t)]}=\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\Pi_{i=0}^{i=N}\bigg(\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mathrm{d}x_{i}\bigg)$$
In the course and the books, I have encountered while studying path integral the term "measure"... |
Im confused about idea staying behind Buckingham pi theorem. We forcing terms to cancel each other dimensionally and getting some dimensionless number. And what does it give us? Whats significance of it mathematically? It looks so random and without sense we can just add-multiply-substract-divide. PI terms as we want a... |
I have seen many variations of this problem and seen many solutions, but I have not seen anything that can help me in my particular problem it seems. The problem I have is that I do not know how to show that for $\frac{ma\alpha}{\hbar^2}\gg1$ we have 2 very close solutions for the energy-states. I have included the wor... |
Suppose we have two chiral bosons $a(z)$ and $b(z)$ with operator product expansions (OPEs),
$$a(z)a(w) = \log(z-w), \quad b(z)b(w) = -\log(z-w)$$
as well as $a(z)b(w)=0$, including only singular terms. I have little experience with vertex operators, and so I am wondering how one would evaluate an OPE like, for example... |
Well, that's probably a well known question here, and I have seen some sorts of answers to this problem. But, I tried to calculate the magnetic field inside the middle of finite solenoid with radius $ R $ and length $ L $ myself, without involving integration over the angles.
I'd like to hear some of your opinions, bec... |
I have been looking experiments on cathode rays tubes, and I looked that a near magnet can move the particles of the ray.
Why?
How does the relationship between the magnetic field and the movement of particles work? Has it about to be with the electric charge of the particles on the CRT?
I can't find any equation or la... |
The Doppler effect formula is $$f = \frac{(v\pm v_r)}{(v\mp v_s)}f_0$$ where $f$ and $f_0$ are the observed and emitted frequency, respectively, and $v, v_r$ and $v_s$ the speed of the waves, receiver and source, respectively (all relative to the medium.) The numerator has $+$ if the receiver moves towards the source, ... |
In classical mechanics, we know that accelerations are oppositely directed and inversely proportional to the masses:
$$m_1 \mathbf{a}_1 = -m_2 \mathbf{a}_2.$$
Let's say that we have a three-body system, where none of the masses of the bodies are equal. If two of the bodies (say, body 2 and 3) form a composite, then, si... |
In scattering cross sections we deal with $d\sigma/d\Omega$, incident area per scattered solid angle. When a particle scatters into a small finite $\Delta\Omega$, the incident particle was in a small finite area $\Delta\sigma$. However, in QM the incident state is a plane wave / asymptotic momentum eigenstate, so it's ... |
When calculating the scattering amplitude of $n$ open string tachyons and $m$ closed string tachyons on the disk, I'd like to understand why choosing the open string tachyons to be attached to $D_{25}$ - branes simplifies the formula of the correlator of the $X$ - sector to the following:
\begin{align}
\langle \prod_{i... |
On a string/rope, a wave requires an source that oscillates up and down. The wave's frequency and wave length depends on the source. A loud speaker can produce a tone thru oscillation with its membrane vibrating back and forth. Now, I found myself dumbfounded by the scenario as the title, as the source is exerting forc... |
Can a free neutron be prevented from disintegrating by observing it continuously? (Zeno effect).
|
We always can define the connection coefficient using such a formula:
$$D_{ \mu} e_\nu(x)= \frac{\partial e_\nu(x)}{\partial x^\mu}-\Gamma^\rho_{\mu\nu}(x)e_\rho(x)=0$$
Here is a problem, the definition of derivative $\frac{\partial }{\partial x^\mu}$ depends on a coordinate system, and the basis $ e_\nu(x)$ does not a... |
I know that one can take a supersymmetric theory defined on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and topologically twist it by redefining the rotation group of the theory into a mixture of the (spacetime) rotation group and the R-symmetry group. However, what I'm a bit confused about is: what is a topologically twisted index? What does it ... |
The following is the law of conservation of momentum (in terms of velocity):
$$m_1\mathbf{v_1} + m_2 \mathbf{v_2} = m_1 \mathbf{v_1}^\prime + m_2 \mathbf{v_2}^\prime.$$
Does the law of conservation of momentum also hold for position and acceleration? Since position and acceleration are the $0$th and $2nd$ derivatives (... |
As far as I understand it, the $R$-symmetry group is just the largest subgroup of the automorphism group of the supersymmetry (SUSY) algebra which commutes with the Lorentz group. I know for $\mathcal{N}=1$ SUSY, the $R$-symmetry is $U(1)$, mainly due to there being only one supercharge. However, I was wondering: how d... |
R-symmetry need not be a symmetry of a supersymmetric theory. However, if we make it a symmetry of our theory, is it an internal symmetry in the same sense that $SU(3)_c$ is an internal symmetry of QCD? (Though, not necessarily a gauge symmetry.)
|
If you try to make some solar thing work from a UV lamp, but it doesn't, does it mean that it's not a real UV? The lamp I tried smells like ozone when works, it emits light blue color when works.
|
We know that if you put a detector at the slits in the double-slit experiment, no matter before slits or behind slits, it'll destroys the interference pattern and resulting chunk pattern (particles only lands in two chunks). But since we know that even detectors are put after slits, it also destroys the pattern, it mak... |
I'm trying to solve the Schrödinger equation for a free particle in a helix, but I have found it difficult to understand the normalization of the wave function. Well, let $\alpha(\phi) = b\cos(\phi)\hat{i} + b\sin(\phi)\hat{j} + a\phi \hat{k}$ the parametrization of a circular helix, for $a$ and $b$ constants and $\phi... |
I am trying to find the metric functions $g_{ab}'(x')$ for a coordinate system $x'^a$ used to decribe the 3D Euclidean space. The coordinate system $x'^a$ is related to the Cartesian coordinates $x^a$ by
$$x^1=x'^1+x'^2$$ $$x^2=x'^1-x'^2$$ $$x^3=2x'^1x'^2+x'^3$$
To find the metric functions $g'_{ab}(x')$, I started wit... |
When deriving the energy equation for a particle in a box, the wavefunction for a particle was given as:
$$\Psi = A\sin(kx)+B\cos(kx)$$
Does anyone know how this function is arrived at? Was it experimental?
|
So, in the case of special relativity, we look for transformations relating inertial coordinates that leave the spacetime interval invariant and these transformations turn out to be generated by three Lorentz boosts and three spatial rotations.
But at the same time, I couldn't understand why does this count as a restri... |
I believe that if you push an object, say a metal pole, the disturbance travels through the object at the speed of sound in that material. In that case, what happens if you continuously push one end of the pole at the speed of sound? Does the pole keep getting compressed, since the disturbance would be traveling at the... |
I was solving question in kinematics related to minimum distance between particles there they said that distance between two particles is independent of frame the distance they both measure between them is same for both(velocity<<c) of them i know this is silly question
Actually i was asking here in the question( imag... |
For the process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \gamma \gamma$ Schwartz gave following Feynman diagram in section 9.4
I think the diagram is wrong since it didn't conserve charge at both the vertices. The correct diagram should have an internal propagator of either $e^-$ or $e^+$. Also, the particle flow direction for $e^+$ in the... |
The Gauss-Bonnet term is just the Euler class of $4D$ manifolds. The Euler class is defined as $$e(\Omega) = \text{Pf}(\Omega)$$ where $\Omega$ is the curvature two-form and $\text{Pf}(\Omega)$ is its Pffafian. What I don't understand is how does the Pffafian generate a term like $R_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}R^{\mu\nu\rho\sigm... |
I know that battery has a pd even when it is not in use... this means that there are more electrons in negative terminal of battery but how more??
Does it depend upon the battery or electrodes used or any other factor?
|
What is the physics interpretation of Sobolev space?
$H^{s,p}:=\left\{u\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^n):\mathcal{F}^{-1}((1+|\cdot|^2)^{s/2}\mathcal{F}(u))\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\right\}$, $s\geq 0,\, 1<p<\infty$ (Sobolev space)
For example, if $n=3,\,s=2,\,p=2$. Is there an interpretation?
Ask this, to find out if the equation $\m... |
Let us assume that i throw a object A with velocity V_A. Then it reaches certain height H_A. At that point it has total energy which is equal to its potential energy and it comes down converting PE to KE. But let us assume that i throw a object so far that it doesn't move towards earth through Gravitational attraction... |
In Quantum mechanics we have a concept of probability current.
But I can't understand what it means that 'probability flows'.
All I can know is that at a fixed point the probability of finding the particle changes with time.
What then does it mean that a probability current exists?
|
When we calculate the electric potential due to charged cylinder by using Laplace's equation $\vec \nabla^2 V=0$, or in the cylindrical coordinate system we can write the divergence as $$\vec \nabla^2 V=\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left( r \frac{\partial V}{\partial r} \right)+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial^2 ... |
I have a problem on a property of the $\alpha$ exponent, defined as
$$C_V=T\frac{d^2L}{dT^2}\rightarrow^{t\to0^{\pm}}t^{-\alpha_\pm}$$
where $t=\frac{T-T_C}{T_C}$. From what I understood $\alpha_+=\alpha_-$ which is proven from the homogeneity of the Landau free energy L.
But with the example of $L(m)=-tm^2/2-cm^6$ I f... |
I sometimes see it is said that for say the following configuration:
The two moment forces acting in the $y$ direction get canceled. Why?
If the magnetic dipole (the square loop of current) turns a bit around the $y$ axis, two forces to the $x$ axis will exert a moment and return it back to order. But if it turns a bi... |
Why is the Poisson ratio necessary, when volume is conserved? I read that volume is conserved when a body is subjected to longitudinal (compressive or tensile) stress or shear stress, so given that volume is conserved, can we not simply find the change in diameter (and hence the lateral stress) without the Poisson rati... |
Is it possible to practically build a perfectly insulating container? If not, what's the best way to build one? By perfectly I mean no heat is trasferred over an infinite amount of time.
|
I want to show that by applying the ladder operators one can obtain:
$$
\Psi^{'}(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}x_0}(\sqrt{n}\Psi_{n-1}(x) - \sqrt{n+1}\Psi_{n+1}(x))
$$
with:
$\Psi_n(x) = C e^{-\frac{\xi^2}{2}} H_n(\xi)$, $\space C = \frac{1}{\sqrt{n! 2^n \sqrt{\pi}x_0}}$ , $\space \xi = \frac{x}{x_0}$ and $\space x_0^2 = \f... |
This is related to a question given to me in class by my teacher. The question if it helps was :
To find the time period of the simple harmonic motion performed by the block, if it is displaced slightly from its mean position
So, my teacher in his solution wrote a line that I couldn't understand. The statement was a... |
In a conductive wire with mass density $ \lambda $ we have current I. On the wire we have a conductive frame that can rotate around the wire (the wire is the rotation axis). In addition, There's magnetic field B in the wire plane that create 90 degrees angle with the wire (as described in the photo). I need to find rel... |
I am currently studying Classical Mechanics, fifth edition, by Kibble and Berkshire. Problem 3 of chapter 1 is as follows:
Consider a system of three particles, each of mass $m$, whose motion is described by (1.9). If particles 2 and 3, even though not rigidly bound together, are regarded as forming a composite body o... |
I am reading a book describing the physics of acoustic sound waves. I stumbled across the equations:
$$\text{grad }P = -\rho_0\frac{\partial V}{\partial t}$$
$$\rho_0\text{ div }V = \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}$$
"here $P$ denotes the sound pressure, $V$ the vector particle velocity, $t$ the time
and $\rho_0$ the s... |
When evaluating the action in black hole thermodynamics, we always make the transformation to an imaginary time via $t \to i \tau$ which leads to us having an Euclidean-signature action. To perform the integral over the imaginary time, everyone takes the imaginary time to be periodic with period $\beta = 1/T$, where $T... |
I have an incoherent light source that is of unknown size, and I was wondering about the possible methods to measure its size. The issue is that I am expecting it to be very small (few micrometers), and if I try to use a pinhole camera much smaller than the source size I will not gain enough light to actually resolve t... |
In the lectures of string theory by David Tong, he gave a simple idea to come up with action of closed string, it's the area of worldsheet since its independent of our coordinate choice (reparameterization invariant). This leads to the Nambu-Goto action.
But the idea to use an invariant, lead me to think if it's possib... |
Haldane phase, and non-interacting topological insulator/superconductor are often regarded as examples of symmetry protected topological (SPT) orders.
|
Calculating COP with the help of:
Power (i.e. a whole plant)
Enthalpies (with refrigerant)
Using Carnot's COP as a comparison (this is mainly theoretical).
The refrigerant could be R134a as a processing medium, where it acts as different temperatures on the source. The source in this case is an immersion heater, even... |
The impedance of a soundwave is given by both:
$$\frac{\mathcal{P}}{V}=\rho_0c$$
Where $\mathcal{P}$ is the pressure wave, $V$ is the velocity vector of particles, $\rho_0$ is the static value of the gas density and $c$ is the speed of sound\wave.
It is very easy for me to understand an impedance in an electrical circu... |
Let us consider a circuit consisting of a constant voltage source and various circuit elements with a load resistor. There is a voltage drop across the load. So we can calculate the power dissipated by the load by using the formula P=(Voltage drop)*(current). Let us increase the resistance of the load by keeping other ... |
Can one atomic orbital be distinguished from another by its size/volume?
And does this depend on the kind of atom, I mean does it differ from element to element?
|
The Breakthrough Starshot initiative aims to accelerate a swarm of 16m$^2$-area solar sails to 15% of $c$ using Earth-based lasers in the order of 100GW power in 10 minute bursts. Considering loses from various medium densities and temperatures of the atmosphere they estimate the sails to receive 60 times the amount li... |
I understand that one of the reasons is safety, as the current flowing through your body in case you touch the terminals will be lower than in a supply with low internal resistance, however, wouldn't low voltage do the same? What is the purpose of "losing volts"?
|
In decoherence theory, we describe the decoherence of a system $S$ by the mean of an interaction with an environment. In short, if I consider: $|\psi_S \rangle=a|0_S\rangle+b|1_S\rangle$, the system will interact with the environment and I will have:
$$\left( a|0_S\rangle + b|1_S\rangle \right) |0_E\rangle \rightarrow ... |
I read in my high-school book that in a RLC circuit for frequencies lower than $f_{res}$, $X_C>X_L$ and for higher frequencies $X_L>X_C$, where $X_C$ is the resistance of a capacitor and $X_L$ the resistance of the inductor. I know that $2\pi f_{res}=\omega_{res}$ and $ \omega_{res}L=\frac{1}{\omega_{res}C}$, but I do ... |
I am studying angular momentum and I get the concept that it has a meaning or it is defined only with respect to a certain point (often called as origin).
I was looking at the realtionship between torque and angular momentum around an origin i.e. net torque = Rate of change of angular momentum (equation 11.29 in the... |
Tobias Osborne's lecture around 20:00, he mentioned that the ideal of "Locality" could be expressed as such
If $x-y$ were space-like, then for all observable $A_{j,x}$ and $A_{k,y}$ were jointly measurable.
The first index $j$ and $k$ indicate difference different fields/particles, where $x,y\in\mathbb{R}^{p,q}$ the ... |
Sorry for asking an elementary question. I was asked this by my friend but I for some reason was not able to produce any answer even after thinking about it for a while.
My question is, if a particle strikes, let's say, a rigid ring tangentially with some arbitrary velocity, and sticks to it after the collision then wi... |
I would think yes because, if a rope tied to a swinging rock breaks, the rock flies off in the direction that is perpendicular to the direction of the last instant of the acceleration. The acceleration at the last instant it existed determined the velocity direction of the rock.
So acceleration over time changes a velo... |
During my literature review of linear and non-linear optics I found the linear polarization acting on light usually defined as
$$\hat{P}=\varepsilon_0\chi^{(1)}\hat{E}$$
with $\hat{E}$ the electric field in the spectral space. Similarly, the definition for the third-order polarization is
$$\hat{P}=\varepsilon_0\chi^{(3... |
I had researched it and I saw everyone has there different answer. Someone says its Magnus effect, someone says it is Coanda effect and someone says its Bernoulli's principle. Can it be specific? What are the real phenomena for this? Please explain specifically.
|
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