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I have been assigned CTF project for IT Security for my final year project in school. We are planning to have a flag that are base on SQL injection but for the user to overcome the challenge, they would have to compromise the database by dumping the entire database. Now the problem is that, with this vulnerability, th...
When you do a SYN scan against a opened TCP port (not filtered by Firewall), the server normally returns 3 SYN + ACK packets. So, why 3 of that? The target server is a Linux machine if relevanted to this question, and the scanner in use is NMAP.
My question has its roots in an xkcd from this week: http://xkcd.com/1200/ Isn't this true and ironic? We place so much emphasis on browser security and OS security -- and rightly so -- yet if I step away for a minute while my browser is open, and I come back and my computer is gone, basically all my online accounts a...
As Google Glass slowly starts shipping, I've recently came across an article on stopthecyborgs.org that mirrors my anxieties that Google Glass currently does not feature a robots.txt for my face. It is absurd that while I can protect my website's privacy, as it currently stands, I cannot do this with my face anymore. P...
I am working on evaluating the security of my University's student id card. The ID card contains both a magnetic stripe and a RFID component and is used to make payments as well as to provide access to buildings. When I tried to read it using a Arduino based Magnetic Card Reader , I could see the data in plain text. As...
I'm working on a piece of software to store and manage records for a youth group. They've found that a lot of the time they spend on record-keeping and admin is taken up by scanning through looking for various conditions, like "is older than X years and has Y qualification" or "has been a member for X years and has don...
I am studying the Clark-Wilson model, I can't exactly understand why the TPs must be executed in serial, is there a way to execute them in parallel? What would happen if I did execute them in parallel? Thanks a lot -- AscaL
I have been getting a lot of SPAM lately that have some type of encoded block added to the end. I am wondering if anyone here would know how to decode it. Here is an example: <467>3zunORiRd$ss0,szI3s8[dznAsSsiRd$ss0,szI3$F$dn83F9,$dzOFAiRd$ss0,szI3s8RmHvHmm%iRd$ss0,szI3$Fs9sAF?$[3FiRd$ss0,szI3AdN[=0SF?[=m2iRd$ss0,sz...
I am trying to find what encryption algorithm has been used in this code original text: 11011698 encrypted text/cipher: uIC4hZFECIAYMi%20FWxamjQ== original text:11008569 encrypted text/cipher: ct2bHNmgahZYKTbh/8LQRw== Can anybody help?
I have been listening to the CBT nuggets on comptia security+ and there were a few sections on wireless security. A question that occurred to me was: if I am authorized to use a wireless network, and after authenticating myself I use something like wireshark or airopeek to sniff packets, how is this any different than ...
I was reading an interesting article found here: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-703.pdf It's titled "Lazy Susan: dumb waiting as proof of work". It suggested the following in section 3.1.1: Consider as a strawman a system in which the server responds to a client’s request with a delay(d) message, whe...
I'm trying to figure out a way to detect a Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz signal Jammer. I am not looking into locating the location of the jammer but rather detect the jamming signal. How do i do so using only wireless adapters? How can i measure SNR, wouldn't that help?
I'm trying to set up ECDH-P521 in Java and in Javascript. When using Java to generate a random private key. The generated key is either 1106 or 1107 bytes long (numbers only): This is an example: 1582027082014178581650877754620353168939794691861374546846260351145885042373503123628244516479039507615541122970595699287...
How I get Real IP of an email sender using Message ID of the said mail?
I want to block a single url. I am using OpenDNS now and it is working fine with website blocking on my network but the problem is that i want to block a url like http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGH7NxSEGtA not http://www.youtube.com/ Is there a software which blocks a url. So that every computer connected to router ca...
I am coding a REST web application that runs on Google App Engine, it authenticates API requests to privileged data using sessions by cookies provided by webapp2_extras.auth and webapp2_extras.security. The entire site and all points use HTTPS. Webapp2 runs in a "request context" which I believe means each request th...
I know of less than 10 data files I modify regularly that I want backed up. I did a full system backup and tried doing incremental backups every week but find it unnecessary and too long. For example Outlook syncs with all my e-mail accounts using IMAP. I don't want any media files to be backed up. This may sound silly...
I want to write a login form, and I got one example from the web. I want to know, if there is any SQL injection for this code? If there is, what could the exploit's web form entry look like? This is my form: <form method="post" action=""> <dt class="title"><label for="username">name:</label></dt> <dt><input typ...
I was reading http://about-threats.trendmicro.com/malware.aspx?language=au&name=BAT_VOBFUS.SM earlier today after it turned up in a scan of a friends PC. I suppose I may be missing something vital here, but from everything I can tell the "malware" seems to do nothing but remove another piece of malware. It even removes...
When ESP and AH are used together (ESP transport, AH transport) on the same packet does ESP encrypt the AH's hash, or is the hash left in the clear? If the hash isn't encrypted, there are obviously security implications (like the AH not ensuring integrity of the authenticated information) I ask because the AH precedes ...
I am a newbie at Info Sec, and wanted to know which IP addresses are sources of attack traffic. Can I also find out which ports are being attacked? Can this information be found in windows firewall? I have McAfee Virus Scan Enterprise 8.8, can I find this info there?
It seems that SonicWall is blocking attemtps to scan its ports. I know it has some ports open, like 443, because if I access using the browser I get a web site. But when I try to use NMap I can't see the port open. If I try to to a SYN scan against this port I get no-response: # nmap -sS -vvv -PN -p443 --reason XXX.XXX...
How safe is Facebook Login? I'm currently building an intranet, for my small company. We're 10 employees, and no risk of them messing up from inside. But is using Facebook Login safe for this? How much info does Facebook get? The pages after login will show stuff like Economy, and future plans. Our key elements of the ...
I read this article about man-in-the-middle arp poisoning and how it works , it seems that arp poisoning programs exploits the fact that ARP protocols trusts any packet to be true and modify its table based on it . Question is : why the ARP modified versions hasn't been used on large scale yet ? (or has it ?) i saw m...
Let's say you have a website that provides a service of some kind. Users can log in, they can store some kind of data, and there's various types of encryption in place to keep it all safe. Passwords are salted and hashed, user data is encrypted, the keys are kept securely, it's all good. One day, the bad guys find a vu...
This question has been asked a few times, but always in the format "How does examplewebsite.com implement their 'please enter xth yth and zth characters of your password' function?" And the answer is typically assumed to be that they use an HSM capable of answering such a query with a pass/fail against the stored pas...
What tools can be used to make truly deniable encryption? Suppose, authorities can use any force to make you open your passwords. Truecrypt can have only one hidden container, which means that authorities will not stop, until you reveal this second password, even if you did not create hidden container. So, is there an...
Just imagine you have a bunch of computers which need Java for some important software and you can't just switch to another vendor because all are using Java in this field of technology. If you start to update Java the software is causing problems and will not start but you need this software essentially so there is no...
I'm running a server of which I protected the BIOS with a password. One doesn't have to enter this password before booting, but before entering the BIOS setup. I just did this from routine. However, there aren't really interesting settings in the BIOS, are there? I only got settings for date/time, enabling/disabling th...
Is it possible to create one keyfile that opens a Truecrypt volume and this keyfile is protected (aes encryption fe) with a password? The use case is a True crypt volume accessed by multiple individuals. I would like to distribute one master key in the form of a keyfile with high entropy to prevent brute forcing if th...
I came across a website which uses Rails Authenticity token to prevent CSRF attacks. My concern here is that I can see the authenticity token in the source code of the web page. If any other service tries to carry out a CSRF attack and this token is the only thing which prevents it , why can't the attacker service just...
I use a VPN service that provides a pool of IP addresses, I clean history/cookies/etc - all the browsing data before a session. Regardless, when I type in the search of one particular search engine, I begin to receive personalized suggestions that, for sure, are based on my previous queries as these suggestions are ve...
I have a Barracuda Antispam unit and look to use recipient validation with active directory to stop sending NDRs (non-delivery reports) when we are being spammed. What I see on the web is people opening the port between the barracuda unit IP address in the DMZ and the active directory domain controller in the LAN. As i...
I often hear about how client side JavaScript can't be relied on because it can easily be changed. How exactly can it be changed, what program would be used to modify the JavaScript before a page renders? Obviously in a browser if you choose "view source" you see it but how would an attacker change it?
I just got a tablet and I want to use it to RDP into my main computer. The thing is, the first thing I did when I set up my PC was to disable RDP. I am not comfortable, and have no use for, allowing RDP connections from outside my network. I might be using the term network wrongly; I don't have any sort of network setu...
I'm doing a CTF application for my final year project. I wanted to craft a SQL injection flag but I don't wish that they can simply found out the SQLi vulnerability by injecting ' . Hence, is there way to make SQL injection harder but not impossible using PHP?
I know tools that help in identifying security vulnerabilities in source code (static analysis tools), like Findbugs for Java or Pixy for PHP, but I would like to know good free opensource tools that help in the task of documenting and following code when you are doing a manual source code review. It is interesting to ...
I'm sure that there must have been any number of audits on common Java open source projects, many of them for governments or publicly-funded bodies. Have any of the results been made public, so that an average user could take a particular version of a particular JAR (with a particular checksum) and have a much higher l...
I purchased the following OAUTH HOTP card from Verisign. I'm intrigued by the security possibilities that this form factor provides and what customizations to the circuit logic are possible. On the reverse of the card is a copyright of 2007, and a co-branding from "InCard Technologies". I used Google, LinkedIn, and ...
I am getting a page forbidden because mod_security blocks it with Remote File Injection in ARGS rule. How do I stop this apart from not including URLs in the form fields or removing the http:// prefix of the URL before submission to the update script (data is updated from the form). The hosting company had to remove so...
I successfully installed and configured krb5 on a Red Hat 6.4 server, now I can authenticate against an active directory with kerberos. pam_mount is installed and configured, but it only mounts a cifs share, if I first enter the command kinit username on the host before logging in. Then I make a kdestroy and try it ag...
I am wondering if it possible to configure my DD-WRT router so that the wifi network I am using is undetectable - impossible to tell if there is any network broadcasting even if there are clients connected, with all the transmissions indistinguishable from the noise. If not, why is that technically impossible? Is it a ...
I am learning about IPsec's transport and tunnel modes. I understand that transport mode encrypts only the payload of an IP packet and is used for communication between two entities that both implement IPsec. I understand that tunnel mode encrypts the entire packet and is often used between two gateways (like firewalls...
I am learning IPSec. My class notes define a security association as a one way relationship between sender and receiver that (1) affords security for traffic flow and (2) is identified by the destination address in the IP header, the SPI and the enclosed extension header (AH or ESP). Wikipedia describes SA as a "logica...
I need your advice on the security of this design. I have a scenario whereby a server application and a smart card application need to share a value e.g. 52, which has been encoded in a long decimal token but there is no direct network connection between the two applications. The token is 20 digits long and is transm...
I usually don't answer unknown numbers. Few days back i got couple of calls from unknown numbers and i didn't answer it. That evening i had contacted one of my lady friend and the next day i got a call from that friend but when i answered it, to my utter surprise it was an operator calling for a confirmation for the se...
I'm looking on a clear schema that would explain how a computer connect to an WiFi access point (WEP or WPA in any version (1,2)). The basic schema would be : Computer looks which AP are available If one known is found, asks the AP for connecting to it AP answer by asking the password Computer sends the password If th...
For a few days, my mobile device has been able to catch Wi-Fi signals that are within its radius. It's not asking for a password to use the service. So, I'm using the Wi-Fi service whenever I need to. Is there any chance to hack my email and other accounts which I'm opening using this service? Are there any other secu...
For an ecommerce website I need to create an identifier, that will represent the user's order. It can't be order's ID in database as it's assigned in predicateble manner. So it needs to be some pseudorandom string (ideally a-zA-Z0-9), that will offer increased security, because it won't be guessable. The number can be...
Let us assume that I have two computers: client server Now, in the server computer, I set up a legacy ASMX web service which will going to be used by the client. Before the client can connect to to the web service, however, I want him to be authenticated using digital certificates. So I do the following: Create a se...
Is it possible to add wildcards or something that would function like them to a snort rule IP address? For example: If I'd like to detect source-ip of: 192.168.*.9 Where the third octet can be anything in range 1-255, but the fourth octet has to be exactly '9'.
I want to know if a HTTP server (Apache, nginx etc.) can access a SSL/TLS session ID. Assume we have some hardware which does only SSL/TLS and behind a webserver which sends and receives the requests. Can the webserver "see" the SSL session ID. If not, how is the connection between the HTTP requests and the SSL session...
I need to detect https packets in network traffic . Until now I were marking all "443" as https but I don't want to use port information for these any more . Will it be enough to check client hello message like : //Check 22 and version info 0300 0301 or 0302 if (packet->payload[0] == 0x16 && packet->payload[1] == 0x0...
For many years, my personal web site receives numerous pairs of hits that look like this, every day: 202.xx.xx.xx - - [22/Apr/2013:12:02:26 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 5923 "-" "Java/1.4.1_04" 202.xx.xx.xx - - [22/Apr/2013:12:02:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 5923 "-" "Java/1.4.1_04" The only thing the requests have i...
I have a question I am hoping someone could help with.. I am in the process of writing an SQL Injection tool from scratch (I am aware there are already excellent tools out there such as SQL Map, but this one has to be written from scratch). The problem I am having: When manually performing SQL injection to determine ta...
A deceptively simple question. How does OpenSSL compare to FIPS enabled OpenSSL? Is it any less secure? How do I tell? If I were concerned about security, not the NIST standard, is there any real benefit in adhering to FIPS 140-2 standard (communicating with govt agenices notwithstanding)?
I've googled around and it seems like SSL encrypts URLs. (Correct?) As I understand it, if I go to a site like http://security.stackexchange.com then a DNS server looks at the URL, says hey, he wants to go to IP xxx.xx.xxx.xxxx and then the packets are routed to that IP address across the Internet. But if the URL in an...
Suppose we need/prefer 128 bit hash output, for example to generate a 128 bit encryption key or, in other applications (e.g. file integrity verification), to consume less storage space. I don't know of any new/standard/unbroken 128 bit hash function, so it seems we have to use SHA256. Is truncating SHA256 output to 128...
I am trying to understand the term end-entity. Does this term just mean anybody that plays a role in a PKI system that is not a CA? So if I request a certificate from A who is a CRL issuer for Verisign then am I an end entity to verisign? Is A?
I have been looking for guides and tutorials about how to fuzz and so far everything I have seen has been for web servers. If I wanted to fuzz something along the lines of calc.exe or a program that echoed back arguments passed to it. What framework should I use and how should I go about it. I am looking for help fuzzi...
I am behind an HTTP proxy, and I frequently tunnel out via an ssh -D SOCKS proxy (I have access to a couple of outside servers which I can tunnel to) when the HTTP proxy causes problems1. Now, this works for me, but I have some friends who need a SOCKS proxy for similar purposes. I can't give them my SSH access, for re...
I am reviewing an application that has something like this: table_name = table_name.replace('`', '') c.execute('SELECT * FROM `' + table_name + '`') Is this actually exploitable if the attacker controls the table_name field? The language is python and the database is sqlite fwiw
I have this snippet of code : <script type="text/javascript"> $.extend({ getUrlVars : function() { var vars = [], hash; var hashes = window.location.href.slice( window.location.href.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&...
Take the following scenario: John is using GMail for his primary email account and LastPass as his password management system. Both of these accounts are using the Google Authenticator mobile application as the second factor authentication for login. John loses his mobile phone and as such is unable to log into GMail a...
If you combined every microprocessor on earth into one humongous computational cluster, how large RSA-keys could you factor in reasonable time (lets say a few years)? I know from reading the answers to this question that the next real life goal is 1024 bit, but I'm more interesting in purely theoretical answers here.
According to the book, Data Center Fundamentals, page 369, SSLv3 support was added in Netscape 2.x and Internet Explorer 3.x, and TLS was added in Netscape 4.x and Internet Explorer 4.x. I am listening router in my company(I have 200mb pcap file with just https connection) and these old clients does not exist in compan...
I need to know what will the valid characters in a session id or in particular whether it can have spaces in it .?
What can be considered as a downside of authenticating a ciphertext? For example, can we say a drawback of authenticating a ciphertext is that we lose repudiation, for example, we can't prove to the person who performed encryption and then authentication, that he had encrypted some particular message M?
Is it safe to log into my bank website over a public wifi (like a coffee shop)? I realize that the connection between the browser and bank servers should be encrypted, however I'm wondering if there are any other "gotchas"?
First of all, I'd like to apologize beforehand if the questions I am about to ask are not really suitable for this site. I could not think of any other category to post under. Right, here goes. We're building an offline assessment exam center as part of our internship. That's the company's lingo for a "test-taking appl...
Let me explain my situation. I created a self-signed certificate and installed it in the Trusted Root Certification Authorities section in MMC. I then created two certificates using the self-signed certificate: A certificate with subject name "localhost" A certificate with subject name "test.com" I then installed bot...
Is it even possible to specify into a snort rule the duration of a connection? For example: in this format Hour, Minute, Second H, M, S = 0, 2, 1 If a connection that has the duration of 2 minutes and 1 second, then alert. Or in this sense: If a connection is longer than 10 seconds, then alert. How do we implement the ...
My question is, if you run your own company and there are no employees and you still qualify under assessment D what do you do in a case like this where it is requiring 2 or more people? On a related question, at some point at least 1 person programming code would be able to get or see all of the key even if it was spl...
Our company develops Windows desktop applications. We offer off the shelf solutions - not custom development. A potential new customer wants to add a section to our standard contract that requires us to use an "Application Scanning" Tool. They specifically mention IBM's AppScan. However that tool seems to be for we...
Is there any mechanism in mobile device management solutions that would allow a web server (for an internal, authenticated system, e.g. SharePoint) to know that a request is coming from a mobile device? e.g. something added to the header, or a special way of authenticating. I'm a bit fuzzy on how these kinds of solutio...
I administer a webserver, and while I'd like to restrict the SSH access to an IP range, I wouldn't be able to do so because a) I travel a lot and b) I don't have a static IP at my homeoffice. I've thought of using a VPN service like ProXPN, which I'll certainly do to increase the security of the connection from less se...
I'm working on my dissertation concerning cryptanalysis on password hashes. As part of my research, I aim to crack a number of passwords with John the Ripper and rainbowcrack-mt. I'd like to determine and analyse some statistics on the passwords I crack. One thing I'd like to know is how many hashes per second the crac...
I see a lot of file hosting services like rapidshare, mediafire etc. But, I wonder if some of them are malicious or not. Rapidshare seems okay, but there are many (obscure) sites like the ones below which seem dangerous to me. They probably tempt people to download files and run some exploits in the background. How do ...
I would like to deverlop one web application, enduser can configure shutdown computer when task has completed, i have search via internet but i have nothing to complete that. Web browser can understand javascript, css and html. i have searched with javascipt(Is it possible to shut down somebody's computer from a websit...
I work on an (intentionally undisclosed) open source project. To the best of my knowledge, we do not have a discoverable policy on reporting security vulnerabilities. Rails has their own policy requesting that security vulnerabilities are not announced to the public; so does PostgreSQL and Oracle, to pick a couple big...
Most tablets, and iPads in particular, are typically single user devices. Scenario: A service business that interacts directly with customers in person and wants to use iPads while interacting with customers during the sale and for customer service. There may be native apps and web apps. Because not all sales/services...
Background My university uses an authenticated (squid) HTTP proxy server for accessing the internet. There are a few reasons for this: They want to track misuse of the connection Our university has subscriptions to most paywalled journals, and logging in via the proxy server unlocks this. Outsiders and folks which tun...
We are currently developing a web application. The developers have allowed multiple login. e.g an user can log-in to multiple computers at the same time. They are quoting Gmail account as an example of allowing multiple access. We have secured our web application similar to here. Does allowing multiple login at differe...
I am working on securing a RESTful API and am using the Amazon AWS HMAC model as my guide. I am struggling with coming up with a secure way to store the symmetric keys on my end. What is the standard practice? This is a Java web app running in a Solaris environment. Is there any reason why a symmetric key is used, ...
I am running a number of web sites. They are all Drupal based, if that is relevant. Recently I have noticed something odd. All my sites have a user registered with the name "zctonglin". I presume that user is a spammer because of some initial behavior typical of a spammer. Based on that, this user has been blocked o...
A lot of tutorials, a lot of pages, a lot of question and they differ in implementation of this issue "Configure SSL Mutual (Two-way) Authentication". I have to do it with Linux, and I don't know from where to start or what instructions to follow. What I have to do is: I have a server and many clients, they can acces...
In my current setup, the clients are bundled with the server's public key. The client encrypts a nonce and sends it to the server which uses its own nonce and the nonce received from the client to set up a symmetric encryption key and sends back the unencrypted nonce + an encrypted response. Unfortunately, this makes t...
I don't need a list of software (I know shopping questions are off topic), but my google-fu is failing me at this. Basically looking for software that will scan a filesystem looking for files that may contain Protected Health Information. Target OS doesn't really matter right now, if someone has a search term I could u...
If you were to demonstrate a .NET Remoting Architecture vulnerability with a practical attack, which one would you choose? I've read J. Forshaw's white paper on Breaking .NET Through Serialization (PDF), Googled thoroughly, and now I want to implement a working exploit of a .NET Remoting service. It does not matter wh...
I have a problem that has been going on for at least 6 weeks. I have Time Warner for my Internet provider and some websites hosted at GoDaddy. From what GoDaddy tells me the reason I can not view my websites from home office and can't connect to their FTP server is because of a brute force attack on their FTP server...
In order to decrypt traffic you must have all 4 portions of the WPA Handshake. In WPA protected data frames, is there an unencrypted portion of that frame that has some sort of identifiable value to compare against a user's handshake? For example, if I had a 4-way Handshake could I check a protected frame to see if it...
I created an online store for a friend of mine. I created a system that shoots me an email any time there is a database error, that way if it is a bug in my code I can identify it and fix it. The email includes details about the query that failed, the data that was passed, session data, etc. Well at 3:05 this morning ...
I have read the answers regarding why you should disable remote root login, but there is something nagging me. Assume this: Scenario 1: Remote server A. Remote root login disabled. Password authentication is disabled. User A is using rsa authentication to log in. User A runs /bin/su - to become root and enters the ro...
On a isolated local test/dev server I have elevated the nature of the www-data user to enable a smooth workflow for using Dropbox in a web/webapp development pipeline. It has worked quite smoothly in my initial testing, and while I don't plan to move it to a production environment - I'm curious if it would send up any ...
I am developing a web application (using PHP) and I am wondering what the best way is to notify users that someone updated their account information? The information that can be updated includes: First name Last name E-mail address Password To be more elaborate, should the old or new email be used to send the account...
I want to create a self-signed certificate that will be installed as a trusted certificate authority. I then want to create another two certificates which are signed using the private key of the self-signed certificate. What tools can I use to do this? I have used Visual Studio's makecert tools but it is a bit limited ...
I recently came across this website talking about sha1 padding attack. https://web.archive.org/web/20140729003849/http://www.vnsecurity.net/2010/03/codegate_challenge15_sha1_padding_attack/ After reading here are some of my doubts: How do the server side checks the signature? Even after successful padding, the sha1...
I used the makecert tool in order to create: a self-signed certificate a server certificate using the self-signed certificate a client certificate using the self-signed certificate I then installed the self-signed certificate in the Trusted Certificate Authorities section in mmc. The server certificate and the client...
I used the makecert tool to create: self-signed certificate client certificate These are the commands I used: makecert -n "CN=MatthewCA" -r -sv MatthewCA.pvk MatthewCA.cer **for self signed certificate** makecert -sk localhost -iv MatthewCA.pvk -n "CN=localhost" -ic MatthewCA.cer localhost.cer -sr localmachine -ss m...
I received a message from Google saying someone entered my email account. I confirmed that there were an access from an IP in another country. I have noticed "You have new mail" message when I open a new tab in my Terminal in OS X, I can make this message disappear if I delete /var/mail/my_user, but this morning it app...