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I want to store some user's security information in cookie, but I want to encrypt it so that nobody can see what is really inside it.
And when client makes request, I want to decrypt it. What mechanism I can use to achieve this provided I cannot store the "key" used to encrypt as I have stateless mechanism between clie... |
My application interacts with many other HTTPS based services. As we use them at considerable frequency, I am worried about the performance impact of using HTTPS.
Is there any mechanism ( time bound or any other permanent) which I can use to prevent the HTTPS handshake and other potential bottlenecks ?
Ofcourse I do no... |
Assume there are two internet users (A and B) that connect to the internet from the same gateway by using NAT. That means they use same IP address while passing through our firewall. Now assume we detect illegal traffic (such as DDoS) from this gateway and the attacker is user A.
In this case, is it possible to block ... |
I have a client's site (http://changewise.biz) being redirected to a Viagra store (mywifeishappy.com). We've gone through all the usual suspects but cannot find the culprit that's causing the redirection:
First thing we checked all the .htaccess files; all clean.
Checked robots.txt; again, nothing.
Checked all 522 PHP... |
I have been in the market for a DisplayPort KVM. Most of these products come from small companies I have never heard of and possibly do not trust. I understand the risk of plugging in USB to any machine and what it can execute to compromise a machine.
If I ignore the USB ports and only use the DisplayPort connections (... |
I'm currently trying to understand secure connections inside a WiFi network without an Internet connection.
I would like to use some sort of SSL tunneling inside a WiFi network between two clients.
If I have multiple clients on the same secured WiFi, say WPA2 and two clients want to communicate safely without giving ... |
I just had this really strange experience with Amazon Turk, where suddenly I was logged into someone else's account. I was logged into the company's Turk account, left my computer for a while, refreshed the tab and BOOM, someone else's account.
Does anyone have a clue what this could be? It was a real person, a real ac... |
I have recently came across ISO 27000. Basically what I learnt is that it is used for audit purpose in organizations. Can you tell what exactly it is, if I am wrong? What tools are available for ISO 27001 audit and how can I learn about it? Can simple penetration tools be used for the purpose?
|
I share my wifi with my brother. Recently I came to know he is sniffing on my browsing. Is there a way I can prevent him from sniffing on my browsing?
PS: I can't afford VPN.
|
I came across an interesting password policy online recently:
"Please be sure to enter a password that meets the following criteria:
must be 8 characters long
must not be based on dictionary words
must be different from previous 6 passwords
must contain at least 1 uppercase character (A-Z)
must contain at least 1 lowe... |
I am writing my bachelor thesis in CS on cloud security and its weaknesses and started to do research today and got quite overwhelmed.
I am mainly looking at IaaS and PaaS services and have decided to focus mostly on threaths caused by attackers. But it is really hard to decide where to start.
What is the biggest secur... |
First of all: I HAVE read the "Why does Google know my location?" posts but still in my case it is a bit weird / the solutions cannot fit.
The Setting:
Fresh installed linux. Never ever logged in into a google-account or something like that on that machine.
VPN using OpenVPN. Working according to those "show me infor... |
Trying to understand S/MIME implementation, I see that sometimes you must have the other party's certificate, and sometimes its enough to just have their public key. I'm confused as to when you need a certificate and when they key is enough. Can anyone clarify?
(I'm trying to understand the internals here, so my ques... |
Every 15 minutes or so I get this message in my system.log
Apr 25 22:05:36 Ivans-MacBook-Pro.local apsd[194]: Unrecognized leaf certificate
Apr 25 22:20:57 Ivans-MacBook-Pro.local apsd[194]: Unrecognized leaf certificate
Now I have figured out approximately what is what:
apsd - Apple Push notification Service Daemon... |
I want to design a scenario in which I have a web site which contains a link. If the user clicks on this link, it will save a file in a specific pat in his hard disk without his consent. Is this possible?
|
I've come to the conclusion that I need to up my security. I currently have a dozen memorized passwords I use for every device and website. I'm against KeePass/Lastpass due to having to trust they haven't been compromised. Same goes for using an RSA Key.
My Idea of a Solution:
I'd have a dedicated unix box (perhaps bs... |
The answer
https://security.stackexchange.com/a/25392
has seemingly shown that AES-256 will not be directly cracked for at least the next 200 years (unless we manage to harvest the energy output of distant stars). The only available attacks will continue to be indirect attacks like brute-forcing the original password, ... |
Is there any risk when connecting an Android Phone to a [Verizon] iPhone's Hotspot? If there are I'd like to know about solutions.
The Android Phone will basically be tapping the data plan of the iPhone through its turned on Hotspot.
|
I'm looking for some really small apps on Ubuntu for some bufferoverflow exploitation training.
I don't want to start off with some huge apps.
I know some sites like http://www.oldversion.com.de/ where i could start but most of the apps are just to big or too hard to exploit for a beginner or just not available for lin... |
Given a certificate¹ and a private key file², how can I determine if the public key on the certificate matches the private key?
My initial thought was to simply encrypt some text with the public key on the cert, and attempt to decrypt it with the private key. If it roundtrips, we've got a winner. I just can't figure ou... |
What's the best way to sandbox an X application like firefox or thunderbird in ubuntu (going into the direction of what qubes os does, but only for single applications)?
I know there are many different sandboxing technologies. For example
Just using a virtual-box: This seems to be very secure but a resource overkill.... |
I realized all of the phase of the handshake but I do not understand how it does that from the two randomly generated numbers are unable to generate a session key that the client and the server uses for symmetric encryption .
if someone explain to me how it works I would be very grateful
|
Whenever I generate a new 4096 RSA key in my GPG program and export the public key to a text file, I get a text file containing a total of around 52 lines (it varies, one of them is 53 lines).
However, I just imported a public key from another guy I found on his website. My GPG program shows that his key length is also... |
I'm studying security in computers and in particular the URL Spoofing. I understand that a form of URL spoofing is phishing. Then I read that a countermeasure against phishing is the authentication key.
But what is not well hocapito autenticcation key.
On the notes I read:
The key contains a seed related to users, a t... |
if we run the following code using the input "hi", the output will simply be "hi"
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *secret = "This is a secret 1\n";
char *secret2 = "This is secret 2\n";
printf(argv[1]);
}
however, if we run the program with the input "%s" the output will be "This is a... |
I am generating a random number and using the random am generating the AES key of 256 bit. If I use the same random number again, whether it will generate the same AES Key again ?
If not means why ?
Thanks in advance..
|
I am considering a protocol where you upload a one time pad to a server, using public key encryption and then the result (using the pad) is sent back in plaintext:
Alice uses Bobs RSA public key to request a file
Bob replies over RSA that it is 7MB
Alice uploads 7MB of random bits to Bob encrypted by RSA
During this, B... |
My university's cybersecurity program allows one to take a course in ordinary differential equations as an elective. The course would be interesting to take, although I don't know how I'd apply it to anything. Are there any examples of cybersecurity problems that are solved with ODEs?
|
I'am wondering if it's really safe to use this structure of my web application.
WEBAPP
Application
Controllers
Models
Views
...
Framework
...
Core
Public
...
index.php
If I point a website root folder to the /public, so if someone comes to my ... |
I am trying to make hard to a code to be modified. Security is my concern.
Ok, I know what you guys will say about piracy, bla bla bla. Lets refrain from that discussion.
I am trying to collect ideas to do things differently in code.
Things like this for example:
int delta = value1 - value2;
if (delta > 0) {
// cod... |
I am working on a client server application where to identify each user I was thinking of storing a single database entry:
hash(email + password)
In my opinion, this is enough to stop some known attacks like the ones with pre-compiled tables of hashes to passwords.
My reasons for this approach are:
Make the server cl... |
I am setting up SSL on Nginx with a free StartSSL certificate. Based on the instructions given on this StartSSL page I created a unified certificate containing the CA's root certificate, Intermediate certificate and the one for my domain.
Testing this setup on ssllabs the following sections caught my eye.
So I though... |
Recently(more info) I've spotted a strange message in the logs on my quite recent, fresh installation of OS X Mavericks 10.9.2
Apr 27 15:26:47 Ivans-MacBook-Pro.local apsd[194]: Unrecognized leaf certificate
It appears every 15 minutes or so. I've googled it and there are many other users that pasted their logs(many t... |
I am using GNU/Linux. Sometimes, I copy/paste code from the terminal (like user@hostname ..) to put it in a forum thread or a blog ..etc And I was always wondering that it is better to hide it .
Is it safe ? What risks may I encounter when I share my local hostname when using a regular internet connection ?
|
I can think of where people use hashes and signatures. But where are MAC used in real life?
Are there any protocol in cryptography that uses MAC? Or examples where MACs are relevant?
|
When implementing a web-based application, how secure are any session variables against manual manipulation beyond the scope of my code?
i.e. when a user is authenticated, if I were to initialise a session variable authenticated as true I am then able to perform a simple boolean check against the session, and the user'... |
This is one issue which I have came by in the world of Security, which I can not seamlessly wrap my head around. How is it a threat to one's security by showing them a picture of themselves to people online?
On a lot of games which I play, from League of Legends to Habbo Hotel, if people find an actual picture of some... |
I read this article today about an SSL MITM.
I am trying to understand this attack. This may be a naive question.
My understanding is that the WebView sends a request to domain name, the server sends down a X.509 certificate, which is invalid SSL certificate in this case, as the attacker might have already redirected ... |
For example, buffer overflow vulnerabilities in Flash are often discovered. Shouldn't a proper verification of all function parameters in Flash source code be enough to protect against buffer overflows?
|
I am looking at a text that mentions that the Secure European System for Applications in a Multi-vendor Environment (SESAME) was designed to address some of Kerberos weakness, with enhancements such as:
Use of asymmetric cryptography
Distributed authentication
Role based authorisation
I work mostly in the U.S. and Ca... |
We are implementing an open source software package (copay, a multisig bitcoin wallet), that uses peerJS, which uses webRTC to allow peer-to-peer communication between browsers.
peerJS (and webRTC) use a signaling server to help the peers establish the p2p channel. My question is: Do we need to trust that signaling se... |
If I know that Data A is an encrypted form of Data B is that sufficient information to determine the private key?
|
I have some IP cameras set up on my home network, which is WPA2 protected.
These cameras are setup to be accessible from the Internet thru my router's DDNS address, and port number.
So for example, from my office PC I can go to http://urltomyrouter.com:12345 to see cam#1 after I input my username and password.
These ca... |
In my office, we have static IP's for each system. All the internet traffic from our systems are filtered with a Fortiguard firewall. Is it the default gateway where the firewall is installed? How can I find the open ports that are allowed to connect to the internet? I to ping websites but it always returns "request t... |
It's my understanding that the purpose of .htpasswd files is to restrict access to some files in the server filesystem. If an attacker gains access to it, he probably has access to everything else too, so it seems like there's little point in using a slow hash in this situation (would only increse the server load). How... |
Let's say, that I buy an *.example.com SSL certificate. I want now to generate subcertificates and include the *.example.com certificate in a trust path:
host1.example.com, with an alternate name rr.example.com
host2.example.com, with an alternate name rr.example.com
host3.example.com, with an alternate name rr.examp... |
My company offers a Javascript plugin that is meant to be embedded with websites. It works in a similar fashion to Google Analytics, in which you add a bit of Javascript and then it does some magic on the website. Contrary to Google Analytics, this plugin will have some visible side-effects for the end-user. These are ... |
How is passphrase for a keystore to be stored? we have all passwords encrypted and the key to encrypt is stored in keystore , so how is the passphrase for the keystore to be stored? in clear text? if encrypted then where should we store the key to encrypt? ie seems recursive issue, how to solve without using Hardware ... |
I am working on a client/server chat application that supports both single user chat as well as group chat.
We planned to encrypt messages in single user chat with the public key of the receiver and decrypt them using the private key of the receiver.
If we go by this approach, then we are clueless about implementing it... |
Few days ago, FireEye has found a vulnerability, which affects all versions of IE (even the latest 11). Microsoft has official statement regarding this issue.
FireEye wrote a technical article on their blog which explains details:
The exploit leverages a previously unknown use-after-free
vulnerability, and uses a we... |
I am trying to come up with a solution for a system where i need to generate a key (Kn) from time to time and distribute it to a large number of servers in a private network.
Since it has to be a scalable solution, i thought about using a KDC along with multicast to communicate with all servers in order to update Kn, ... |
As part of a security research, I need to make my WiFi open, and to inspect the traffic of the ones who connect to it.
Additionally, I need to be able to change the content of the webpages they see, and generally to act as a man in the middle.
Do you know relevant tools or tools that already do this?
Can someone give ... |
How do I hash the password for a keystore? How do I then use the hash to retrieve something from keystore? Similarly, how do I use a hashed password for accessing the database?
I have encrypted the password and stored the key in a keystore and I understand that this is not good design and better solution is to store th... |
At an organisation if their Wifi is secured with WEP? why is this particularly bad for the organisation/business itself, I know WEP is a weak security algorithm which easily cracked but why is this specifically bad for the organisation? In other words how does this impact a business?
|
I have noticed that the intermediate certificates on a web service are installed in the wrong order. What effects could I expect from this?
I used the Symantec certificate checker which stated:
Certificates installed in the wrong order.
Some certificates in the chain are installed in the wrong order. See details below... |
Looking over an overview of the newest published IE exploit, I noticed what I think is assembly. I don't know anything about exploit development, but I know a little about assembly. Seeing that assembly code, does that mean exploits target specific architectures on specific OSs?
As in, does that mean that the IE vu... |
Are there any standards around what information should be included in a transparency report? I have reviewed what other companies have provided and would like to follow suit but I'm not aware of any standard.
If there is no standard, please feel free to provide suggestions for a baseline of information that is helpf... |
The calculation of RAVs in OSSTMM seem very useful as a security metric but, can they be the base for a risk assessment methodology compliant with the new ISO 27001:2013 and ISO 31000?
ISO 27001:2013 risk assessment requirements are aligned with ISO 31000 so I think that we can focus on ISO 31000.
ISO 31000 establish t... |
Why is important for a business to secure its email system?
|
In the window.crypto spec:
http://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#RandomSource-interface
It says explicitly:
"Do not generate keys using the getRandomValues method. Use the generateKey method instead."
but generateKey does not support secp256k1/ECDSA (bitcoin related).
Why does it say that? Because the random numbers are ... |
Is there a difference between Attribute Based Access Control which is usually associated with XACML and Claim Based Authorization which seems to be a term coined by Microsoft?
Is the latter simply Microsoft's name/implementation for ABAC? Or are the two completely different concepts?
I came across both terms during my ... |
When I log into cPanel, I go to create a new MySQL Database with the wizard. Usually, it is recommended to assign the database user with all of the permissions from Insert, Update, Alter, Execute, etc. in the list. This has gotten me thinking.
Please note: When I build my applications, all the permissions that are requ... |
We found a security vulnerability in a widespread product of big IT company (the company is listed as a CNA here: http://cve.mitre.org/cve/cna.html#participating_cnas).
We notified the company, they acknowledged the problem and they are going to release a patch for it.
We specifically asked to have a CVE assigned to th... |
Is there a secure DNS provider? Kind of alternative to DNSCrypt.
|
I turned on 2-step verification and had to setup an application specific password for Outlook. I noticed the password generated is actually weaker than the one I had before turning on 2-step verification. Is it worth it? How exactly does the application specific password work, for example after the first time the app l... |
Consider the following scenario.
Eve creates an access point in a public place.
Alice connects to the AP via mobile phone and starts browsing the Web.
Eve redirects Alice to a registration page and suggests to Alice to read and accept terms and conditions bla-bla and install an SSL certificate.
As far as Alice is an o... |
Fairly frequently, the contact form on my blog gets comments that look similar to this (each field represents a text box users can enter into the HTML form on the blog):
Name: 'ceguvzori'
Email: 'gwizwo@avbhdu.com'
Website: 'QrSkUPWK'
Comment:
vaB5LN <a href="http://pepddqfgpcwe.com/">pepddqfgpcwe</a>,
[url=http://h... |
An attacker could host a specially crafted website that is designed to exploit this vulnerability through Internet Explorer and then convince a user to view the website.
This here being remote code execution vulnerability. Would somebody be kind enough to throw some light on this issue. I've never worked in the field o... |
Are the attacks being performed using burpsuite detectable? If yes, how should we stay anonymous/secure while conducting web application reconnaissance?
|
I am new to Security testing and I am working on a 64-bit ARM server.
We are using ARM TrustZone technology.
Is it possible for me to check if I am in the Secure world or the Normal world?
How do I test the above scenario?
As a tester assuming I am in Normal world can you give some inputs to access application running ... |
Although reluctant to use my laptop on unsecured networks, I at least know that without me launching any processes or logging into certain web pages, that I will not be sending any credentials over the unsecured network.
For phones and tablets processes can run in the background without users knowledge (unless they kil... |
OpenBSD provides a list of substantial protections against exploits inherent to the OS. Most of these features are not found in other operating systems, or at least are not turned on by default. The list from the OpenBSD website linked above includes:
strlcpy() and strlcat()
Memory protection purify
W^X
.rodata se... |
Are the DSA keys breakable? If so, what is the maximum key size that is breakable with the latest technology ?
Why are DSA keys not used during authentication?
Can we use DSA keys for encryption?
|
I recently came across a computer that was infected with a lpcloudsvr302 and a bk-coretag.js Virus. I did some research about the two Viruses and realized that their is no reliable source that helps users to remove the Viruses. Most of the website's I have come across basically tell users to download Software (A) then ... |
I am currently working on my bachelor thesis regarding cloud security and found this neat article describing the "Notorious nine" written by the CSA:
The notoruios nine
I am looking to try out some form of the most basic attack possible on a fairly insecure database that I my self am creating, both to have something do... |
For instance if the email system uses POP3 legacy protocol and SMTP but is not encrypted, yet the business continues to use it for daily purposes both internally and externally, what could be the potential security risks for the organisation regarding this matter?
|
So confuse right now between SSLv3 and TLSv1.2, I tried to find some answer on the Web but didn't seems figure it out so I am asking you guys.
Is using the latest release of OpenSSL make me creating TLS certificate ? If yes, how can I verify this ? Is it possible to look into the certificate to find in wich version it ... |
Does anyone have any solid recommendations for deploying and maintaining security awareness training? I am not looking for a specific vendor but I am trying to gain insight about how the material is actually presented and how to test people on what they have learned.
We are a distributed company of 350 so hands on tra... |
Suppose I want to set up a server as a test, and I want it exposed to the Internet, giving any IP access. It could be for any reason or no reason.
I don't want it to be at risk of a buffer overflow and the execution of arbitrary code on my machine.
nc -l is fine. the server needn't do anything. It might be done wi... |
The default format in which SSH private keys are stored is notably fairly insecure against bruteforce attacks. This question provides a very nice solution to the problem by encrypting SSH private keys in the PKCS#8 format with 1m rounds of PBKDF2 to make computing passwords really expensive, computationally speaking.
H... |
I notice that encfs fails to mount a filesystem when a wrong password is entered.
However, this capability of detecting whether a password is right or wrong can allow brute-force attacks to be carried.
Is there a way to disable password checking in encfs?
I realize this will have some drawbacks such as silent failures ... |
I am starting to see a majority of services, websites, and social networks offering the 2-step Authentication like crazy now to protect their users. Also, after reading how the Twitter Account N was hacked, 2-Step Authentication to protect our accounts online seems like a requirement more and more.
There is even a web... |
Is it possible to know if there are URL redirections (to malicious websites) by retrieving the HTTP request and response headers of the legitimate website ?
|
I have scanned my website using Nessus. But I need to scan it as a logged in user since most of the URLs are accessible only if we are logged in. How can I set website login credentials in Nessus?
|
After scanning my website with uniscan I found a few vulnerabilities. I found this answer here and tried but it does not return anything except what it should return.
Blind SQL Injection:
[+] Vul [Blind SQL-i]: http:/192.168.1.100/browse.html?user_id=10590'+AND+'1'='1
[+] Keyword: Compassion
How to use the keyw... |
So I decided to purchase a service in website which only accepts payments where I need to enter my debit card information. Now connection is secured with TLS 1.0, so no 3rd party can observe my payment data, but what about website itself?
Edit: I need to enter Card Type, Card Number, CCV number, Expiration date, etc., ... |
Assuming a firewall is properly setup, only allowing determined traffic and dropping everything else, what relevant information (if any) could I get from the log of the accepted rules?
From the dropped packets log I can identify non-legitimate traffic, but don't know whether is there any use of the accepted packets log... |
While scanning my website with uniscan it found my robots.txt file which disallows access to /cgi-bin/ and other directories, but they are not accessible in browser. Is there a way to access the directories or files which are Disallowed?
|
I saw many posts here on this site dishing out advice on disabling HTTP TRACE method to prevent cross site tracing. I sought to do the same thing. But when I read the Apache documentation, it gives the opposite advice:
Note
Despite claims to the contrary, TRACE is not a security vulnerability
and there is no viable ... |
Two peers already exchanged their ECDSA (curve secp256k1) public keys using a secure channel.
They want to establish an authenticated encrypted channel between them. They will use CCM mode and with the AES block cypher (as implemented in the SJCL crypto library).
Is it safe for them to use as a key for CCM the output ... |
I have a UDP client application that is long-lived: Ideally, it keeps streaming to a server forever. I'm using Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) to secure the UDP communication.
How often does DTLS refresh the session keys established during handshake that are used to secure the record layer communication?
Is r... |
Following the weekend announcement from Microsoft regarding the vulnerability in IE I have been looking at additional security defences for our endpoints. I've read some technical documentation and articles on the implementation of Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Toolkit. The product functionality looks like it could b... |
What are the technical disadvantages with WPA2?
|
I have some untrusted software. I plan to run them on a guest Windows 7 on my host Windows 8 OS using Oracle VirtualBox. In the worst case, will only my guest OS be affected? Can the hacker access information from my main OS? I don't expect the developers of this software to be skilled enough to do a "Virtual machine e... |
I like to store some configuration but would encrypt them with the Serpent cipher.
Is it safe to do this? When not, what is a better solution?
|
I am reading Cybersecurity and Cyberwar by P.W. Singer, and trying to tie the subject in with a government class project. I am looking laws and policies regarding cyberspace or cyber security, passed within last 15 years. Any recommendations? thanks
|
today i boot my PC when i got home & a russian website about games & naked chicks openen up instantly during general boot of the desktop. I thought "WTF", shut down my PC and restarted it.
Now i must say my dad uses this PC aswell (since my parents are all like "we don't care if you paid for it, if it's in our house i... |
As noted elsewhere, SSH private keys can be reencrypted (in different formats) with more rounds of iteration in the password-derivation function.
Is there a way to do something similar for an already extant GPG private key? Can I simply modify it to require more rounds of password derivation to make it harder to brutef... |
Is there a cable that physically only supports data flow in one direction (out)? The idea here is to put this on a system that can only export data so that there is very minimal risk of the transmitting system 'getting' attacked (assuming there are no other attack vectors).
|
There are kind of two questions here:
Is it possible to have XSS in a PDF file when the Content-Disposition: is "inline"?
If it is possible, does the pdf get access to the cookies for that domain the same as if it were a normal html file?
If this is only possible with certain specific pdf file readers and/or browsers... |
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