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Here are my comments having extensively studied (pending patents) and produced (albeit not via electrolysis) hypochlorous acid ($\ce{HOCl}$) for various applications.
First, a possible issue I have is the mentioned use of vinegar, an organic acid, to the mix. The reason arises if not employing distilled water (meani... |
Here are my comments having extensively studied (pending patents) and produced (albeit not via electrolysis) hypochlorous acid ($\ce{HOCl}$) for various applications.
First, a possible issue I have is the mentioned use of vinegar, an organic acid, to the mix. The reason arises if not employing distilled water (meani... |
Here are my comments having extensively studied (pending patents) and produced (albeit not via electrolysis) hypochlorous acid ($\ce{HOCl}$) for various applications.
First, a possible issue I have is the mentioned use of vinegar, an organic acid, to the mix. The reason arises if not employing distilled water (meani... |
In preparation for the Birch reduction, I am trying to prepare an electride salt, $\ce{[Na(NH3)6]+, e-}.$ This salt should be brilliant blue, as far as I know, but I am getting a black sludge when adding sodium to the liquid anhydrous ammonia at −60 °C or so.
Is this because the salt is missing the electron?
How do... |
## meth vs eth
This is a coincidence.
Methyl is "ultimately from Greek methy "wine" + hylē "wood." The terminology was created by Dumas and Peligot in 1834 to distinguish wood alcohol from ethanol, and was published first in the French language:
[![https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6569005x/f15.item][1]... |
The following question was given in **chemistry today , August 2020 edition** , page 47 , problem 9. The answer to this problem is (a).
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
**My Attempt**
[![enter image description here][2]][2]
In the third step , the carbon electrophile can attack at ortho position ... |
when silver acetate reacts with iodine and CCl4 it gives esters +2AgI but when it reacts with iodine and lead acetate why it gives alkyl halide + AgI + CO2 and why don't the alkyl-iodide Bond break as in the case when CCl4 was used as solvent, What exactly lead acetate do such that alkyl -iodide bond don't break and... |
When silver acetate reacts with iodine and $\ce{CCl4}$, it gives esters and 2 moles of $\ce{AgI}$ but when it reacts with iodine and lead acetate, why it gives alkyl halide, $\ce{AgI}$ and $\ce{CO2}$. Why don't the alkyl-iodide bond break similar to when $\ce{CCl4}$ was used as solvent? What exactly lead acetate do su... |
Can anyone explain the reaction similar to Hunsdiecker reaction? |
When silver acetate reacts with iodine and $\ce{CCl4}$, it gives esters and 2 moles of $\ce{AgI}$ but when it reacts with iodine and lead acetate, why it gives alkyl halide, $\ce{AgI}$ and $\ce{CO2}$. Why don't the alkyl-iodide bond break similar to when $\ce{CCl4}$ was used as solvent? What exactly lead acetate do su... |
When silver acetate reacts with iodine and $\ce{CCl4}$, it gives esters and 2 moles of $\ce{AgI}$ but when it reacts with iodine and lead acetate, why it gives alkyl halide, $\ce{AgI}$ and $\ce{CO2}$. Why don't the alkyl-iodide bond break similar to when $\ce{CCl4}$ was used as solvent? What exactly lead acetate do su... |
When silver acetate reacts with iodine and $\ce{CCl4}$, it gives esters and 2 moles of $\ce{AgI}$ but when it reacts with iodine and lead acetate, why it gives alkyl halide, $\ce{AgI}$ and $\ce{CO2}$. Why don't the alkyl-iodide bond break similar to when $\ce{CCl4}$ was used as solvent? What exactly lead acetate do su... |
Can Anyone Explain the Mechanism of the Birnbaum-Simonini reaction? |
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/oqkMn.png
Hi all,
I'm pretty confused about which structure is the most stable. I'd say structure iii is the most stable as it has two methyl groups to donate electrons to N and increase its lewis basicity. However, I think iii may not b... |
If a closed rigid wall container filled with 20 gm of He moving at a constant speed of 10 m/sec is stopped abruptly to stand still, find the increment in temperature of this He sample.
I used Average kinetic energy formula and $nfRT/2$(f is degree of freedom here).
My sir told me that $nfRT/2$ = Translational kineti... |
If a closed rigid wall container filled with 20 gram of Helium gas moving at a constant speed of 10 m/sec is stopped abruptly to stand still, find the increment in temperature of this He sample.
I used Average kinetic energy formula and $nfRT/2$(f is degree of freedom here).
My sir told me that $nfRT/2$ = Translatio... |
What is the Chemical process to convert lanolin to 7-Dehydrocholestrol?
I don't know about the chemcial reaction, if I get the process I can try in lab scale.
|
If a closed rigid wall container filled with 20 gram of Helium gas moving at a constant speed of 10 m/sec is stopped abruptly to stand still, find the increment in temperature of this He sample.
I used Average kinetic energy formula and $nfRT/2$(f is degree of freedom here).
My sir told me that $nfRT/2$ = Translatio... |
If a closed rigid wall container filled with 20 gram of Helium gas moving at a constant speed of 10 m/sec is stopped abruptly to stand still, find the increment in temperature of this He sample.
Way I have solved
I used Average kinetic energy formula and $nfRT/2$(f is degree of freedom here).
My sir told me that ... |
Compiling my comments(now deleted) into an answer.
----------
**TL;DR**: the products are different due to different stoichiometric ratios of the reactants and is not dependent on the solvent. You can use different solvents so that you can increase the yields.
## Hunsdiecker reaction ##
The Hunsdiecker reac... |
Compiling my comments(now deleted) into an answer.
----------
**TL;DR**: the products are different due to different stoichiometric ratios of the reactants and is not dependent on the solvent. You can use different solvents so that you can increase the yields.
## Hunsdiecker reaction ##
The Hunsdiecker reac... |
## meth vs eth
This is a coincidence.
Methyl is
>ultimately from Greek methy "wine" + hylē "wood.
Source: https://www.etymonline.com.
The terminology was created by Dumas and Peligot in 1834 to distinguish wood alcohol from ethanol, and was published first in the French language:
[![https://gallica.b... |
## meth vs eth
This is a coincidence.
Methyl is
>ultimately from Greek methy "wine" + hylē "wood.
Source: https://www.etymonline.com.
The terminology was created by Dumas and Péligot in 1834 to distinguish wood alcohol from ethanol, and was published first in the French language:
[![https://gallica.b... |
## meth vs eth
This is a coincidence.
Methyl is
>ultimately from Greek methy "wine" + hylē "wood.
Source: https://www.etymonline.com.
The terminology was created by Dumas and Péligot in 1834 to distinguish wood alcohol from ethanol, and was published first in the French language:
[![https://gallica.b... |
## meth vs eth
This is a coincidence.
Methyl is
>ultimately from Greek methy "wine" + hylē "wood.
Source: https://www.etymonline.com.
The terminology was created by Dumas and Péligot in 1834 to distinguish wood alcohol from ethanol, and was published first in the French language:
[![https://gallica.b... |
I need to check the presence (and also purity approx) of a substance in solution. I have a very good reference (10mg/1ml - the substance in water).
Can I use a refractometer to do this?
I am trying to separate the substance from several other ingredients using ether initially then water. At that point, I'd like t... |
are refractometers generic? |
Work can be extracted from galvanic cell which has a negative Gibb's free energy. I was wondering what is the driving force of it: I would naturally think its the Gibb's free energy, but the gaps between two fermi levels of the two electrodes also seem to pay a role in the potential difference. Could someone correct me... |
**My Intellectual Expectations**
Intuitively, I would expect strong stirring to improve crystal purity during the process of crystalization. My rationale is that strong stirring would increase contact between each crystal and the variety of ions present in solution at each given level of solubility, and thus minim... |
If stirring negatively affects crystal purity, why is it so? |
what is meaning that "reductive trapping" in organic chemstry? |
For an experiment, my teacher gave me containers of hydrates and their corresponding anhydrates, but I have a feeling that for one of the compounds she switched the hydrate and anhydrate label by accident. How can I check if this is true? |
How to differentiate hydrate and anhydrate? |
For an experiment, my teacher gave me containers of hydrates and their corresponding anhydrous compounds, but I have a feeling that for one of the compounds she switched the hydrate and anhydrous label by accident. How can I check if this is true? |
How to differentiate hydrous and anhydrous compound? |
In 2015, IUPAC established a [task force][1] to “deliver a recommendation in favor of the composition of group 3 of the periodic table.” Not much about their decision-making process has been made known to the public.
It is noteworthy that the task force must select one of two compositions for group 3:
> 1. the e... |
Why can’t lanthanum through lutetium and actinium through lawrencium all be in group 3? |
Is Hydrogen ion an acid? |
How to find the oxidation number of Co and Cr in [Co(NH3)6] [Cr(C2O4)3]? |
In the question I actually got I had to name the above compound, and I know how to name it but I don't know how to find the oxidation number of the above compound(which has to be mentioned in the IUPAC name). I actually know how to find the oxidation number in complexes but here both the ions are complex ions which mak... |
I am conducting a titration to find the mass of aspirin present in tablets. I will be dissolving the aspirin tablet into a solution of ethanol and distilled water to dissolve it. But, does the volume of ethanol or distilled water added actually matter? Or does it just need to be enough to completely dissolve the aspiri... |
When titrating to find the concentration of a dissolved acid, does the volume of solvent matter? |
The question is based on a false premise:
> Generally we try to give just enough information to be able to reconstruct the original compound, but not too much.
This isn’t true. The prime aim of IUPAC nomenclature is clarity and the construction of unambiguous names.
> Three logicians walk into a bar
The bar... |
I was under the impression that the electrical conductivity should increase initially, then begin to plateau, then fall past the saturation point for strong electrolytes. However, from this, I see that the conductivity of magnesium chloride does not follow this ( it is decreasing with increasing concentration) , BUT th... |
Can someone explain why the electrical conductivity of magnesium chloride decreases with increasing concentration? |
I was attempting to etch and blade with a ferric chloride solution. I did not have enough so I filled a glass with vinegar and water (3 parts vinegar to 1 part water) then added 2 oz. of ferric chloride solution. I added baking soda later to neutralize the ferric chloride solution, but was met with a deep red foam. I q... |
What are the consiqunes of mixing Ferric Chloride Solution, distilled vinigar, baking soda and water? |
A textbook I'm reading called "Ansel's Pharmaceutical Calculations, 13th edition" defines the milliequivalent (meq) thus (p. 187):
> This unit of measure is related to the total number of ionic charges in solution,
and it takes note of the valence of the ions. In other words, it is a unit of measurement of the
amoun... |
When converting between a hydrated electrolyte amount in mass and in milliequivalents (meq), why are the water molecules taken into account? |
With an assigned, generally paint based, experimental project I've been looking up CPVC or critical pigment volume concentration in binders. CPVC defines the point of addition of pigments after which follows a severe drop in blistering and increase in rusting on the applied surface due to the pigment not while binding ... |
Is there an experimental way of measuring CPVC of acrylic paint? |
Is there an experimental way of measuring the critical concetration of pigment in paint? |
I suspect the red salt you are seeing is Iron (III) carbonate, which was likely created from, as you noted, the neutralization of aqueous Iron (III) chloride with Baking Soda (in excess?) per the reactions:
$\ce{FeCl3 (aq) + 3 NaHCO3 (aq)-> 3 NaCl (aq) + 2Fe(HCO₃)₃(aq)}$
$\ce{2Fe(HCO₃)₃ (aq) → Fe₂(CO₃)₃ (s) + 3H₂... |
What are the consequences of mixing Ferric Chloride Solution, distilled vinegar, baking soda and water? |
For size trend down a group, it is known that:$$AL\gt Ga$$
Due, to d block contraction of gallium.
Why isn't this the case when it comes to silicon and germanium?
Won't the poor shielding effect from the d electrons have an effect here?
---
The Answer on the [SE for a similar question][1] does not really ... |
How do I synthesise this tertiary amide from these 5 compounds? |
I was solving questions from Aldehyde, ketones and ethers and I came across a question that asks[1]
>What is the product obtained when Methyl vinyl ketone is reacted with 1,2-Ethanedithiol and the product is further hydrogenated with Rancy Nickel?
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/emsIF.jpg |
What is the product obtained when Methyl vinyl ketone is reacted with 1,2-Ethanedithiol and the product is further hydrogenated with Rancy Nickel? |
For size trend down a group, it is known that:$$Al\gt Ga$$
Due, to d block contraction of gallium.
Why isn't this the case when it comes to silicon and germanium?
Won't the poor shielding effect from the d electrons have an effect here?
---
The Answer on the [SE for a similar question][1] does not really ... |
Why does this formula work? |
I was solving questions from Aldehyde, ketones and ethers and I came across a question that asks[1]
>What is the product obtained when Methyl vinyl ketone is reacted with 1,2-Ethanedithiol and the product is further hydrogenated with Raney Nickel?
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/emsIF.jpg |
Zinc is more sensitive to atmospheric oxidation than copper. So in contact with oxygenated water, zinc will be more rapidly destroyed than copper. So tubing made in zinc should be replaced pretty often. Should they last more than one year ? |
I am looking at the [code][1] of [DeepHF][2] that computes $\Delta G_{\text{binding}}$:
def dG_binding(seq):
seq = seq.lower()
dG = {'aa': -0.2, 'tt': -1, 'at': -0.9,
'ta': -0.6, 'ca': -1.6, 'tg': -0.9,
'ct': -1.8, 'ag': -0.9, 'ga': -1.5,
'tc': -1.3,... |
How does DeepHF (CRISPR design tool) compute $\Delta G_{\text{binding}}$? |
I was solving questions from aldehyde, ketones and ethers and I came across a question that asks:
>[![enter image description here][1]][1]
>
>What is the product obtained when Methyl vinyl ketone is reacted with 1,2-Ethanedithiol and the product is further hydrogenated with Raney Nickel?
**My thoughts:**
[![... |
What is the product obtained when methyl vinyl ketone is reacted with 1,2-ethanedithiol and the product is further hydrogenated with Raney Nickel? |
When finding an equation for d[A]/dt from reaction mechanisms and H2O is a product/reactant, does H2O have to be included or left out like for equilibrium constant expressions? |
When you want to obtain a solution of $\ce{CaCl2}$ in water, you can do it by dissolving anhydrous compound $\ce{CaCl2}$, or the hydrated compound $\ce{CaCl2·2H2O}$. It does not matter which one to choose, provided you add enough water to compensate the difference and obtain at the end the wanted total volume.
If yo... |
An image of the CPVC effect is shown in the diagram below. The red color is the binder, the black is the pigment and the white is air (because there is not enough binder to coat all the pigment). The lines depict the change in properties you would expect, and you already have the formula to correlate the paint properti... |
I am looking at the [code][1] of [DeepHF][2] that computes $\Delta G_{\text{binding}}$, and I see that it breaks a sequence into overlapping 2-mers and compute a weighted sum according to a dictionary with 16 key values:
def dG_binding(seq):
seq = seq.lower()
dG = {'aa': -0.2, 'tt': -1, 'at': -... |
With an assigned, generally paint-based, experimental project I've been looking up CPVC or critical pigment volume concentration in binders. CPVC defines the point of addition of pigments after which follows a severe drop in blistering and increase in rusting on the applied surface due to the pigment not while binding ... |
Is there an experimental way of measuring the critical concentration of pigment in paint? |
When finding an equation for d[A]/dt from reaction mechanisms and $\ce{H2O}$ is a product/reactant, does $\ce{H2O}$ have to be included or left out like for equilibrium constant expressions?
For example, in the reaction of carbon dioxide with water,
$$\ce{CO2(aq) + H2O(l) -> H2CO3(aq)}$$
which expression descr... |
In 2015, IUPAC established a [task force][1] to “deliver a recommendation in favor of the composition of group 3 of the periodic table.” Not much about their decision-making process has been made known to the public.
It is noteworthy that the task force must select one of two compositions for group 3:
> 1. the e... |
In 2015, IUPAC established a [task force][1] to “deliver a recommendation in favor of the composition of group 3 of the periodic table.” Not much about their decision-making process has been made known to the public.
It is noteworthy that the task force must select one of two compositions for group 3:
> 1. the e... |
The following structure represents the compound Cyclohexylbenzene
Why can't the benzene ring be treated as a substituent and the compound be called Benzylcyclohexane? |
Why can't Cyclohexylbenzene be called Benzylcyclohexane? |
colour of a complex, why is HgI2 a coloured complex? |
The following structure represents the compound cyclohexylbenzene:
[![Cyclohexylbenzene][1]][1]
Why can't the benzene ring be treated as a substituent and the compound be called benzylcyclohexane?
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/oaMEW.png |
Why can't cyclohexylbenzene be called benzylcyclohexane? |
Why is $\ce{HgI2}$ a colored complex it has fully filled d-orbits. According to the book, one which has fully filled d-orbital has no color in transition elements. So, why is this compound colored? |
Why is HgI2 a colored complex? |
Is it possible for a molecule to absorb and emit at the same wavelength? What is the reason behind it?
I’m working on charged Tin porphyrins and got the excitation and emission (fluorescence) wavelength around 400nm.
|
My book defines Electrode Potential for a Galvanic Cell as follows:
> A potential difference that develops between the electrode and the electrolyte is called Electrode Potential
$$E= V_{electrode} - V_{electrolyte}\tag1$$
It further defines cell potential as:
>The potential difference between the two electrode... |
Are the potentials of the electrolytes equal in Galvanic cell? |
My book defines Electrode Potential for a Galvanic Cell as follows:
> A potential difference that develops between the electrode and the electrolyte is called Electrode Potential
$$E= V_{electrode} - V_{electrolyte}\tag1$$
It further defines cell potential as:
>The potential difference between the two electrode... |
[![my textbook exercise gives this reaction][1]][1]
My textbook exercise gives this reaction.
What I observe is only the alkene part at the bottom changes to alkane.
I know the procedure of ordinary Wolff–Kishner reaction (shown in img given below), but peroxide makes it difficult.[![ Wolff–Kishner Reaction ][... |
What will be the product of Wolff–Kishner reduction in presence of hydrogen peroxide? |
Some chemical reactions while producing the product molecules releases heat to the surroundings and such reactions are called “exothermic reactions”. Is it true that such systems must be showing energy loss in the process meaning “ΔE ” must be negative? |
Of course you must add $\ce{H2O}$ on the left hand side, in order to compensate the excess of $\ce{O}$ atoms at right. Then add $\ce{4 H+}$ on the right hand side ! And $4$ electrons to compensate the charges. And that's over.
$\ce{C2H6O + H2O -> C2H4O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-}$. Where is the problem ? |
We know that two parallel planes have the same Miller indices, this implies that we can have an infinite number of parallel planes close to one another all of which have the same Miller indices.
But it's claimed that
>the interplanar distance between two adjacent planes is given as $$d_{hkl} = \frac{a}{\sqrt{h^2+k^2... |
Why does it so long for an iPhone to charge from 98% to 100%?
It is not even comparable to the effort I exerce to pump my bike tires from 95 psi to (the minimally usable) 100 psi. There the effort is a few times more than that needed to pump from 35 psi to 40 psi. With Apple's Lithium ion batteries, it takes at leas... |
Why does it so long for an iPhone to charge from 98% to 100%? |
I have not written any article on a chemistry subject yet, and I want to use good practices from the start.
What I have noticed reading papers, is that a lot of times it is not specified the exact procedure that is followed in a reaction, for example by saying the exact tools that are used, or the parameters used in... |
When writing a paper should I describe the procedure thoroughly? |
If I throw tea on my curtain , it looks as if the curtain has absorbed tea molecules but is it true to say that since matter has spaces between them.So these tea molecules go into that space and stick with the molecules of curtain which makes them hard to be removed.
If I want to break bonds of tea molecules with curt... |
How to break bonds of tea on a curtain? |
Use the following criterion in mind when you write a method in a paper: If you were reading this synthesis procedure from a book or a paper, *could you replicate it or not*? Do you feel anything is missing for proper duplication? When I review a methodology section of a papwe, I keep this criterion in mind: "Using this... |
> In irreversible heat transfer, heat energy is irreversibly transferred from the higher temperature system to the lower temperature system, and the combined entropy of the systems increases.
[[Source](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075809/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy#Reversible_process)]
If entropy... |
From the Wikipedia article about Entropy (Source view via [The Internet Archive](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075809/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy#Reversible_process)):
> In irreversible heat transfer, heat energy is irreversibly transferred from the higher temperature system to the lower temperatur... |
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