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CO2 + High humidity = transperent substance? |
Does it stay like thay when you remove the pressure and take it to the normal air? if yes, then it is likely co2 is being absorbed into the plastic part, and that plastic part is swelling. You can avoid it by using a glass window for optical sensor. Or use H2O permeable but not CO2 permeable membrane if this sensor nee... |
How to synthesize 3‐cyclopentylpropanal from (chloromethyl)cyclopentane? |
Why is adiabatic process isentropic? |
In short: Yes.
But it is not possible to offer an exhaustive answer to all aspects intervening here. But scratching barely the surface of the large topics of crystallography / materials science / pharmacokinetics let's try this one:
- Substances _may_ solidify in a regular pattern, i.e., from a given point within... |
Problem :
Gas. Density. (Composition)
N2- 0.879 (0.78)
O2-. 1.32 (0.21)
Why air bubbles don't disintegrate in water into different components due to difference in apparent weight (= weight - bouncy) ?
What I think-(not sure)
- it's a homogeneous mixture of gases.
- pressure is more i... |
Bromine ($Br_2$) has a dark reddish color. If ir reacts with something like benzene, this results in the formation of Bromobenzene and $Br$. It can be obersved that during this reaction, the color of bromine disappears.
The explanation for this seems to be that $Br$ does not have any color. Why is this? Since the Br... |
Why is $Br$ colorless while $Br_2$ isn't? |
Why is Br colorless while Br2 isn't? |
**Short Answer**:
There is a limit to the maximum value of electron density $\rho_e(\vec{r})$.
**Long Answer**:
It is true that electrons repel each other, so as the electron density increases, the interelectronic repulsion also increases. This means that you can find high electron density only if the nucleus-... |
I would like to know if it would be possible to make Acetic Acid from Wood. I know that you can charcoal wood to get the gases, cool it, and get the liquid. This would yield a bunch of chemicals in a mixture. I also know that you can steam wood to get wood vinegar. Would it be possible to extract Acetic Acid from eithe... |
Breaking of bonds usually absorbs energy while forming bonds usually releases energy.
Then why is the dilution of acids and bases exothermic? |
Why is dilution exothermic? |
Yes, there are several methods of reducing palladium chloride to elemental chloride.
1. By converting Pd(II) salt to palladium acetate ($\ce{[Pd(CH3CO2)2]3}$) and decomposing it at 200-300 $\pu{^\circ C}$. ([link][1])
2. By using reducing agents
- carbon monoxide
$$\ce{CO + PdCl2 + H2O → Pd + CO2 + ... |
I recently study organic chemistry and I read a book by Sana Jamshaid. I came across this compound and I cannot understand why it named like that.
I understand that the longest chain is 8, hence octa (but if we go up on the 4th longest can be 9) but I don't understand the 4-(prop-2’-enyl). Are there any explanations ... |
While explaining haloform reaction my teacher told me that MeC-(C=O)-CH3 does not give haloform reaction.
What is the reason behind it since it does have a CH3 group? |
I work with SERS, where the Raman signal gets enhanced by the electric field of the nanoparticles. Now I like to simulate this kind of spectrum with Gaussian. I found a paper[1], where it looks very nice how they simulate it. They don't get a bond between the molecule and the silver nanoparticle. If I try it on my own,... |
In my textbook, there was an experiment that described how to flame test different ions and I was just curious why they give off different colors. My knowledge is very basic being just a high school-er, but at what academic level do we learn the reason different ions give off different colors? Would appreciate if someo... |
Why flame testing different ions give different colors? |
Ordinary Batteries will deplete most of their Power in a 10 year period. What happens to rechargeable Batteries? How long would they still functin properly?
Hope this is the right community for this question. If you need a specific example:
Powertoll Battery:
https://www.metabo.com/ch/de/zubehoer/zubehoer-akkuma... |
How long do rechargeable Batteries last vs Standard Batteries? |
**Short Answer**:
There is a limit to the maximum value of electron density $\rho_e(\vec{r})$.
**Long Answer**:
It is true that electrons repel each other, so as the electron density increases, the interelectronic repulsion also increases. This means that you can find high electron density only if the nucleus-... |
What is the presicion of intensity data in XRD meassurement? |
1) [Chemistry LibreTexts][1] stated clearly that (under the section 'Large $\Delta$' and 'Small $\Delta$') octahedral d$^8$ system does not exhibit Jahn-Teller distortions. But then it stated also:
> ...Some common examples (that exhibit distortions) include Cr$^{3+}$, Co$^{3+}$, and Ni$^{2+}$
Isn't Ni$^{2+}$ d$... |
Why doesn't octahedral d8 system exhibit Jahn-Teller effect? |
**Short Answer**:
There is a limit to the maximum value of electron density $\rho_e(\vec{r})$.
**Long Answer**:
It is true that electrons repel each other, so as the electron density increases, the interelectronic repulsion also increases. This means that you can find high electron density only if the nucleus-... |
**Short Answer**:
There is a limit to the maximum value of electron density $\rho_e(\vec{r})$.
**Long Answer**:
It is true that electrons repel each other, so as the electron density increases, the interelectronic repulsion also increases. This means that you can find high electron density only if the nucleus-... |
**Short Answer**:
There is a limit to the maximum value of electron density $\rho_e(\vec{r})$.
**Long Answer**:
It is true that electrons repel each other, so as the electron density increases, the interelectronic repulsion also increases. This means that you can find high electron density only if the nucleus-... |
In short: what does the manual of your diffractometer claim? Were you able to replicate its standards in first place?
The peak area depends both on the peak's height and width. But this is difficult to answer because your question does not detail _how_ data were recorded in first place. Beside content (elements) ... |
While explaining haloform reaction my teacher told me that Me3C-(C=O)-CH3 does not give haloform reaction.
What is the reason behind it since it does have a CH3 group? |
Background, I have come across a chemical reaction system, occurring in nature, that apparently involves the presence of dissolved organic matter (in a catalytic role).
My research returns, for example, the following as examples of DOM per an [educational source](https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss507#:~:text=Dissolved%2... |
What are some convenient examples of so-called dissolved organic matter (DOM) for lab work? |
I have been reading about using CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + H<sub>2</sub>O (vinegar) as a ***mild*** antibacterial and antiviral agent. For example: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15698693/
Note, before anyone gets confused (or concerned), this has nothing to do with the SARS-CoV2 virus which causes COVID-19. I strongly... |
Does CH3COOH + H2O (vinegar) lose its antibacterial and antiviral properties when exposed to air? |
**Short Answer**:
There is a limit to the maximum value of electron density $\rho_e(\vec{r})$.
**Long Answer**:
It is true that electrons repel each other, so as the electron density increases, the interelectronic repulsion also increases. This means that you can find high electron density only if the nucleus-... |
I have been reading about using CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + H<sub>2</sub>O (vinegar) as a ***mild*** antibacterial and antiviral agent. For example: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15698693/
Note, before anyone gets confused (or concerned), this has nothing to do with the SARS-CoV2 virus which causes COVID-19. I strongly... |
Is it possible to do a Friedel-Crafts alkylation on a plain alkane such as the one I've attached below, or is it only reserved for EArS mechanisms?
Also, I was wondering what would happen if I tried this reaction with another halogen on the starting substrate (if I had 1-bromoethane for example)...
[![Substrate i... |
Are there exceptions to Friedel-Crafts Alkylation? |
I work with SERS, where the Raman signal gets enhanced by the electric field of the nanoparticles. Now I like to simulate this kind of spectrum with Gaussian. I found a paper[1], where it looks very nice how they simulate it. They don't get a bond between the molecule and the silver nanoparticle. If I try it on my own,... |
### Problem
> How many resonance structures can be drawn for the following molecule?
>
> [![4‐aminobut‐3‐en‐2‐ylium][1]][1]
>
> (**a**) 1
> (**b**) 4
> (**c**) 3
> (**d**) 2
### Answer
>! (**d**) 2
### Question
I think that the molecule can be drawn in three ways, which contradicts the book'... |
Is it possible to do a Friedel-Crafts alkylation on a plain alkane such as the one I've attached below, or is it only reserved for EArS mechanisms?
Also, I was wondering what would happen if I tried this reaction with another halogen on the starting substrate (if I had 1-bromoethane for example)...
[![Substrate i... |
Is it possible to do a Friedel-Crafts alkylation on a plain alkane such as the one I've attached below, or is it only reserved for EArS mechanisms?
Also, I was wondering what would happen if I tried this reaction with another halogen on the starting substrate (if I had 1-bromoethane for example)...
[![Substrate ... |
SN2 with bromine and butyronitrile? |
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
The $(b)$ part of the figure shows how thermodynamic variables change in a second order phase transformation.
We observe there is a kink in the plot of volume with temperature.
Why is that so?
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/Y6Vsy.gif |
Why does the plot of volume and temperature have a kink in a second order phase transition? |
What is the precision of intensity data in XRD measurement? |
Is it possible to do a Friedel-Crafts alkylation on a plain alkane such as the one I've attached below, or is it only reserved for EArS mechanisms?
Also, I was wondering what would happen if I tried this reaction with another halogen on the starting substrate (if I had 1-bromoethane for example)...
[![Substrate ... |
SN2 with bromine and pentanenitrile? |
There's no "steel" in that stuff. It is simply filled with inorganic particles, probably (partly?) iron dust. I'm using jbweld too. Quick test with a bar magnet showed the tube with the "steel" component as well as the cured epoxy are indeed slightly ferromagnetic.
Most importantly, the filler reduces macroscopic s... |
Bromine ($Br_2$) has a dark reddish color. If ir reacts with something like benzene, this results in the formation of Bromobenzene and $HBr$. It can be observed that during this reaction, the color of bromine disappears.
One can thus conclude that $HBr$ is colorless. Why is this the case? If we look at the molecules... |
Why is HBr colorless while Br2 isn't? |
Bromine ($Br_2$) has a dark reddish color. If ir reacts with something like benzene, this results in the formation of Bromobenzene and $HBr$. It can be observed that during this reaction, the color of bromine disappears.
One can thus conclude that $HBr$ is colorless. Why is this the case? If we look at the molecules... |
Bromine ($\ce{Br2}$) has a dark reddish color. If it reacts with something like benzene, this results in the formation of Bromobenzene and $\ce{HBr}$:
$$\ce{Br2 + C6H6 ->[{Cat.}]C6H5Br + HBr}$$
It can be observed that during this reaction, the color of bromine disappears.
One can thus conclude that $\ce{HBr}$ ... |
I have a waste discharge that will generate 40 litres of <10% H202 and <10% NAOH at separate times. I have authorization to discharge to the sanitary drain, but I am concerned about degradation of the cast iron sanitary line. What is the best way to break down these two compounds? |
I am trying to synthesize 2-bromoaniline from bromobenzene. I came up with a reaction path, but I want your thoughts on whether this is feasible and can produce a decent yield.
1. Sulfonation of bromobenzene (to block the para position)
2. Nitration of the product from (1). This should produce 4-bromo-3-nitrobenzen... |
Is it possible to do a Friedel-Crafts alkylation on a plain alkane such as the one I've attached below, or is it only reserved for EArS mechanisms?
Also, I was wondering what would happen if I tried this reaction with another halogen on the starting substrate (if I had 1-bromoethane for example)...
[![Substrate ... |
Is it possible to do a Friedel-Crafts alkylation on a plain alkane such as the one I've attached below, or is it only reserved for EArS mechanisms?
Also, I was wondering what would happen if I tried this reaction with another halogen on the starting substrate (if I had 1-bromoethane for example)...
[![Substrate ... |
For atoms, and even molecules, I can understand how the Hamiltonian would be constructed, but what of solids (as in, for electronic structure calculations)? Thank you for any help. |
What is the form of the Hamiltonian for solids? |
SN2 reaction with alkyl bromide and pentanenitrile? |
I have been fiddling around with the theory of electrolytes, specifically molar conductivity, and ways of calculating limiting molar conductivity $\Lambda^0$.
I was able to come up with the following expression:
$$\Lambda^0 = \frac{\lambda}{mT}|z_+z_-|\, ,$$
where $m$ – mass of a single ion in solution (in $... |
3700 cm-1 corresponds to about 2,700 nm
650 cm-1 corresponds to about 15,000 nm.
Many cheap IR spectrometers ($7000 or so like the ones at Stellarnet) has range of 900nm to 2400nm (or 11,111 cm-1 to 4166 cm-1). In the following table or list of the molecules functional groups, the range is between 2700nm to 1... |
What functional groups can 900-2500nm IR spectrometers detect? |
I recently study organic chemistry and I read a book by Sana Jamshaid. I came across this compound and I cannot understand why it named **6-ethenyl-4-(prop-2'-enyl) octa-6-en-3-ol**:
> [![6-ethenyl-4-(prop-2'-enyl) octa-6-en-3-ol][1]][1]
I understand that the longest chain is 8, hence octa (but if we go up on the... |
Is 6-ethenyl-4-(prop-2'-enyl) octa-6-en-3-ol a valid name? |
> Explain why diethyl ether does not have a UV spectrum, even though it has lone-pair electrons.
Can we say that π\* molecular orbital does not exist because there are no π-bonded electrons in diethyl ether? |
Why diethyl ether does not absorb in UV region? |
Just wondering whether "but-1-en-3-yne" or "but-3-yne-1-en" follows the correct IUPAC naming convention for organic molecules. I'm going through a text book that uses the former in an example, but in the answer to one of the questions it uses the latter, so is it interchangeable or is one just wrong? |
When CO is the by product of certain reactions( burning of coal under limited air supply), how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form? Can that byproduct be used to synthesize some other compound ? |
As I understand, the intermolecular forces of ethyl cyanide are of Van der Waals nature (dipole-dipole) but in the propanol molecule there are hydrogen bonds which are in principle much stronger. Why then their boiling points are equal (97 ºC)? Their molar mass is very similar too.
Obviously, the triple bond of the... |
Why ethyl cyanide and propanol have the same boiling point? |
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
The $(b)$ part of the figure shows how thermodynamic variables change in a second order phase transformation.
We observe there is a kink in the plot of volume with temperature.
Why is that so?
The plot is from http://faculty.chem.queensu.ca/people/faculty/mombourquett... |
As I understand, the intermolecular forces of ethyl cyanide are of van der Waals nature (dipole-dipole) but in the propanol molecule there are hydrogen bonds which are in principle much stronger. Why then their boiling points are equal (97 ºC)? Their molar mass is very similar too.
Obviously, the triple bond of the... |
I have been practicing finding total valence electron counts by both methods, and a few points have arisen that have confused me.
**1) Which method gives the true d-electron count?**
From what I understand, the ionic method assumes that both electrons from a bond go to the more electronegative atom, and the bond ... |
In metal complex electron counting, is the neutral or ionic formalism more correct? |
I have been practicing finding total valence electron counts by both methods, and a few points have arisen that have confused me.
**1) Which method gives the true d-electron count?**
From what I understand, the ionic method assumes that both electrons from a bond go to the more electronegative atom, and the bond ... |
I seem to have a drain pipe in my flat blocked by what seems to be a latex / rubber glove. I am unable to pull it out - is there a chemical that can reliably dissolve the glove and at the same time not damage the PVC pipe itself?
Thanks |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that the created carbon monoxide is largely not treated.
However, courtesy of the following photochemical reaction naturally occurring in the atmosphere, to quote from a [Science... |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that the created carbon monoxide is largely not treated (hence, significant reported poor air quality).
However, courtesy of the following photochemical reaction naturally occurr... |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that the created carbon monoxide is largely not treated (hence, significant reported poor air quality).
However, courtesy of the following photochemical reaction naturally occurr... |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that the created carbon monoxide is largely not treated. Hence, significant reported poor air quality issues in select locales, to quote from a featured story: [Helping China Fight ... |
I am using NASA CEA program for a study project.
I have read the CEA Nasa user's manual over and over, yet I haven't found an answer to my question which is :
**where can I found in the output of NASA CEA the energy released during a combustion in a rocket problem ?**
For instance, using CEA I have simulated th... |
Where can I find the released combustion energy in NASA CEA rocket problem? |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that the created carbon monoxide is largely not treated. Hence, significant reported poor air quality issues in select locales, to quote from a featured story: [Helping China Fight ... |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that the created carbon monoxide is largely not treated. Hence, significant reported poor air quality issues in select locales, to quote from a featured story: [Helping China Fight ... |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that a significant part (if not a majority) of the created carbon monoxide is not treated. Hence, reported significant poor air quality issues in select locales, as per a featured s... |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that a significant part (if not a majority) of the created carbon monoxide is not treated. Hence, reported significant poor air quality issues in select locales, as per a featured s... |
We have great tap water here in Hungary. My only problem that it goes stale overnight sometimes in some glasses or sometimes even the 2L water boiler has this problem too. But microbes cannot resist 100°C or 20% vinegar, so I thought it might be rather a chemical compound what causes it. It is really hard to get rid of... |
Any idea why tap water goes stale overnight? |
I have been fiddling around with the theory of electrolytes, specifically molar conductivity, and ways of calculating limiting molar conductivity $\Lambda^0$.
I was able to come up with the following expression:
$$\Lambda^0 = \frac{\lambda}{mT}|z_+z_-|\, ,$$
where $m$ – mass of a single ion in solution (in $... |
In a experiment that dealt with electric conduction of many concentrated solutions, NaCl(s) created an unknown, to me, substance after adding a drop or two of water. Furthermore, it isn't the reaction of water and NaCl(s) that I don't understand, but the reaction between the anode and cathode when they came in contact ... |
Breaking of bonds usually absorbs energy and forming bonds usually releases energy.
Then why is the dilution of acids and bases exothermic? |
To answer the question: "how is it treated before releasing in the atmosphere or is it converted to some other form?", a direct answer is that a significant part (if not a majority) of the created carbon monoxide is not treated. Hence, reported significant poor air quality issues in select locales, as per a featured s... |
I read in a book that ∆G=∆H-T∆S and then ∆H and T∆S were substituted with Q and Qrev respectively(where Q and Qrev are heats added to the system in any process and reversible process respectively) and then there were two cases,
- Case 1:irreversible process
Q was replaced with Qirr(heat added to system i... |
There is not "burning", one might see a spark. It is a well known phenomenon. Do you see lightening in the sky? Air is an insulator, yet when very high voltage is present it becomes a conductor. It is called dielectric barrier discharge. In the same way, discharge between two electrodes can occur in pure water (almost ... |
My textbook has a question which says what would happen to the pH of a weak acid if it is diluted with water. The answer is its pH would decrease.
My teacher’s argument is that it would indeed decrease because water ionizes to hydronium ions which would increase the concentration of H+ ions and therefore, decrease t... |
I do a lot of hiking trips that involve driving for an hour or two to the trailhead in the predawn hours. I'm a morning pooper, so I need to poop during the drive. Before COVID, I would usually plan a stop along the way at a Starbucks, get coffee, and use their bathroom. Then if necessary I'd also use a bathroom at the... |
May experience tying a knot in plastic bag mainly is about the bags between the kitchen and the outside container for the public garbage collection. Because of the smells there, lifting the lid, I'm aware to be not good enough to prevent gases to escape the bags.
This being said, I join your line of thought; assumi... |
Does the higher amount of branches create a molecular geometry of higher surface area, increasing the impact of free radicals formed by the initiating heat? |
Why are more heavily branched hydrocarbons more combustible than less branched hydrocarbons? |
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