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At boiling point, is the total pressure twice the atmospheric pressure? |
How many products can we get from the monochlorination of 2,4-dimethylpentane including stereoisomerism? I have seen someone say that it yields 3 structural isomers one of which has two enantiomers making them 4 products in total, but I couldn't find the chiral carbon he was talking about. |
How many products does this reaction yield? |
I am mathematically experimenting with different wavelengths of light that a fictional material would absorb. I thought of a material that absorbs a wavelength of _193 nm_. This wavelength corresponds with the area of ultraviolet light. I am having trouble figuring out what this material would look like to a human eye.... |
Absorption of UV Light and what color would be seen? |
I tried to construct a correlation diagram for the [4+4] cyclo addition of two cis-butadiene units. But I failed to construct any meaning full orbitals for the "educt" side where the two butadiene molecules still have their pi-systems intact.
I thought that a C2 rotation axis is conserved during a supra-antarafacial... |
How could I separate Cd impurities from ZnO without contaminating it and without using overly expensive equipment or extremely dangerous solvents?
I don't want to contaminate it by introducing other heavy metals or being left with more than trace levels of undesired solvents.
I'd be fine losing some amount (say m... |
We know that one definition of boiling point is that it's the temperature at which the vapor pressure is same as the atmospheric pressure.
Assuming a closed container, does that mean that at this temperature, the total pressure exerted on the liquid is twice the atmospheric pressure, i.e., the vapor pressure plus th... |
I am mathematically experimenting with different wavelengths of light that a fictional material would absorb. I thought of a material that absorbs a wavelength of $\pu{193 nm}$. This wavelength corresponds with the area of ultraviolet light. I am having trouble figuring out what this material would look like to a human... |
$\ce{H2O2}$ is Selective
The reason why hydrogen peroxide can be used for such diverse applications is the different ways in which its power can be directed -- termed selectivity. By simply adjusting the conditions of the reaction (*e.g.*, $\mathrm{pH}$, temperature, dose, reaction time, and/or catalyst addition), $... |
**Pressure is not additive**
If you mix two gasses of different pressure, the resulting gas does not have a pressure equal to the sum of the two pressures. Treating the gasses as ideal gasses, the pressure will be the average of the two pressures, weighted by the volumes. What is additive is the partial pressure of ... |
First, sodium burns very nicely in air. However, it also burns in chlorine, returning back to the $\ce{NaCl}$ with which you started.
Most welders provide *alternating* current, meaning the the electrode becomes alternately positive and then negative (50 times per second [50 Hz] in much of the world, and 60 Hz in No... |
I melted down some table salt and used high voltage welder power source to try and separate the sodium and chlorine it was partially successful because I could smell and see chlorine gas but during the reaction what I think was sodium would float to the top of the molten salt and burst into flame. Is there a way to pre... |
**Pressure is not additive**
If you mix two gases of different pressure, the resulting gas does not have a pressure equal to the sum of the two pressures. Treating the gases as ideal gases, the pressure will be the average of the two pressures, weighted by the volumes. What is additive is the partial pressure of a g... |
**Pressure is not additive**
If you mix two gases of different pressure, the resulting gas does not have a pressure equal to the sum of the two pressures. Treating the gases as ideal gases, the pressure will be the average of the two pressures, weighted by the volumes. What is additive is the partial pressure of a g... |
**Pressure is not additive**
If you mix two gases of different pressure, the resulting gas does not have a pressure equal to the sum of the two pressures. Treating the gases as ideal gases, the pressure will be the average of the two pressures, weighted by the volumes. What is additive is the partial pressure of a g... |
could u please tell me ig acid EPA is omega 3? or that's just a acid that comes with a omega 3? same question for DHA.
Just want to know are both of those two acid omega 3 despite being different acid |
Is omega 3 an acid? |
Is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) omega 3 or that's just a acid that comes with a omega 3? Same question for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Just want to know are both of those two acid omega 3 despite being different acids. |
Is omega 3 a specific fatty acid? |
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/gBJ8j.jpg
Answer is option D. D is obviously correct but why not option C? O- has electrons to donate and is electronegative.
|
Which of the following show +M and -I effect? |
> Which of the following group show *+M* and *-I* effect?
> (**A**) $\ce{-\underset{\underset{\huge O}{||}}{C}-F}$
> (**B**) $\ce{-\underset{\underset{\huge O}{||}}{C}-OR}$
> (**C**) $\ce{-O^-}$
> (**D**) $\ce{-OH}$
Answer is option **D**. **D** is obviously correct, but why not option **C**? $\ce{-O^-... |
Which of the following groups show +M and -I effect? |
We have made a crossed coil setup (X and Y transmit/receiving coils) with a SQUID pick up loop along Z.
Now we want to see EPR lines, probably using it in a CW fashion, ie. putting a ramp + lock-in oscillation in X, a CW excitation frequency in Y and demodulating the SQUID signal in Z.
Question is: **What sample ... |
Cryolite $\ce{(Na3AlF6)}$ and fluorspar $\ce{(CaF2)}$ are added to alumina to lower the temperature of the mixture from $\ce{2000*C}$ to about $\ce{900*C}$ and also to increase the conductance.
But my question is about the specific effect these compounds are producing. I mean, out of the two mentioned effects, which... |
So , I've just learnt that a part of the photosynthesis reaction is the light reaction , where sunlight is absorbed by chloroplasts , which then excites electrons to higher energy levels , allowing for water molecules to be broken down.
My question is can this also happen in pools of water? I mean if all that is real... |
[Ellipiticine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipticine) is a molecule that meets most of your criteria.
[![By George Watson - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=59404315][1]][1]
1. a "natural" molecule, produced by trees native to Hawaii and/or Australia. It therefore meet... |
I was introduced with an exercise which asks to find $K_b$ of $NH_3$ when the $pH$ of $NH_3$ solution with concentration $M_1$. Well, in order to solve it, I used the fact that $pOH = 14 - pH$ and the dissociation $\ce{NH_3 + H_2O <=> NH_4^+ +OH^-}$ to compute $[OH^-]$ and then $K_b$ . However I don't fully understand ... |
What does $pH$ of $NH_3$ solution refers to? |
I was introduced with an exercise which asks to find $K_b$ of $\ce{NH3}$ when the pH of $\ce{NH3}$ solution with concentration $M_1$. Well, in order to solve it, I used the fact that $pOH = 14 - pH$ and the dissociation $$\ce{NH3 + H2O <=> NH_4^+ +OH^-}$$ to compute $[OH^-]$ and then $K_b$ . However I don't fully under... |
What does pH of NH3 solution refer to? |
I was introduced with an exercise which asks to find $K_b$ of $\ce{NH3}$ when the pH of $\ce{NH3}$ solution with concentration $M_1$. Well, in order to solve it, I used the fact that $pOH = 14 - pH$ and the dissociation $$\ce{NH3 + H2O <=> NH_4^+ +OH^-}$$ to compute $[OH^-]$ and then $K_b$ . However I don't fully under... |
I was introduced with an exercise which asks to find $K_\mathrm{b}$ of $\ce{NH3}$ when the $\mathrm{pH}$ of $\ce{NH3}$ solution with concentration $M_1$. Well, in order to solve it, I used the fact that $\mathrm{pOH} = 14 - \mathrm{pH}$ and the dissociation $\ce{NH3 + H2O <=> NH4+ + OH-}$ to compute $\ce{[OH-]}$ and th... |
What does pH of NH3 solution refers to? |
You say:
> I searched everywhere, but I didn't get the answer.
When I type `youtube gold recovery from chloroauric acid` into [Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=youtube+gold+recovery+from+chloroauric+acid), the first link is to a Youtube video with a visible demonstration of converting chloroauric acid to ... |
I am trying to reproduce the quantity referred to as the *degree of charge transfer* reported in this publication by Zhu et al. [Ref. 1] for the F4-TCNQ molecule. I am interested in section 3.2 in the main text about using the bond length as an estimate for the charge transfer amount.
[![capture of figure 3 from re... |
I am trying to reproduce the quantity referred to as the *degree of charge transfer* reported in this publication by Zhu et al. [Ref. 1] for the F4-TCNQ molecule. I am interested in section 3.2 in the main text about using the bond length as an estimate for the charge transfer amount.
[![capture of figure 3 from re... |
The iron complex [Fe(H2O)6]2+ has color but I'm wondering if a chloride molecule is inserted on its primary valency. Does the complex loose its color or not? |
Does complex that has no overall charge still have color? |
The iron complex $\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^2+}$ is colored, but I'm wondering if a chloride molecule is inserted on its primary valency, does the complex loose its color or not? |
Cryolite $\ce{(Na3AlF6)}$ and fluorspar $\ce{(CaF2)}$ are added to alumina to lower the temperature of the mixture from $\pu{2000 °C}$ to about $\pu{900 °C}$ and also to increase the conductance.
But my question is about the specific effect these compounds are producing. I mean, out of the two mentioned effects, whi... |
How can I obtain by hand the molecular orbital expression for the H2 system, using the Self Consistent Field (SCF) Cycle in DFT calculations? |
Today I came across a "thought experiment" regarding pH of a diluted acid solution. This idea looks somewhat logical but obviously contradicts the reality. Can you show me where is the error?
Let's suppose we have 100 grams of concentrated 95% (mass) sulfuric acid. That means we have a mixture of 95 grams of H2SO4 a... |
I learnt that the Lucas test involves the formation of a carbocation and it gives a positive test based on the stability of the carbocation formed, and hence _primary alcohols do not show turbidity (condition for positive test)_.
Now consider 2,2- Dimethyl propanol. It is a primary alcohol and I was taught that it w... |
Does 2,2-Dimethyl propanol give a positive Lucas test? |
Fluorobenzene shows signs of both the electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on benzene. Electrophilic addition to the ring is less reactive because the fluorine is very electronegative and withdraws electron density, but it can also form a weak conjugated system, which is especially pronounced at the ortho ... |
Why do the induction effects of fluorobenzene decrease electrophilic addition reactivity, conjugation effects increase selectivity? |
What effect does an Amine based quaternary ammonium compound have on urea/uric acid?
Will an amine based quaternary ammonium product react with uric acid and get rid of the smell? |
The iron complex $\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^2+}$ is colored but I'm wondering, if a pair of chloride ion is inserted on its primary valency to form [FeCl2(H2O)6], does the complex loose its color or not? |
I am not a quantum chemist, but I am (starting to be) a user of electronic structure software. In the picture (screenshot) is the electron density of the same molecule. On the left I calculated the density using B3LYP/6-311++G*, on the right I used B3LYP/6-311G*.
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
I have vis... |
CH3COOC2H5+NaOH⟶CH3COONa+C2H5OH
In this reaction, I believe a polar aprotic solvent like propanone will be more favorable since the partial negative charge on the oxygen atom in propanone will attract the sodium ion from sodium hydroxide leaving the nucleophile, OH- to freely attack the carbonyl group. On the other ... |
I learnt that the Lucas test involves the formation of a carbocation and it gives a positive test based on the stability of the carbocation formed, and hence _primary alcohols do not show turbidity (condition for positive test)_.
Now consider 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol. It is a primary alcohol and I was taught that it ... |
Does 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol give a positive Lucas test? |
The electrical conductivity of metals is a physical property of these materials. Much of the theory used to explain the electrical conductivity of metals is also based on physics understanding. However, I would like to ask if it is possible to incorporate some chemistry, from concepts in atomic structure or chemical bo... |
The iron complex $\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^2+}$ is colored but I'm wondering, if a pair of chloride ion is inserted on its secondary valency to form [FeCl2(H2O)6], does the complex loose its color or not? |
I am trying to prepare a Grignard reagent from 4-nitrobenzyl bromide
[![4-nitrobenzyl bromide][1]][1]
but the reaction just doesn't work. My conditions are:
- 10 mL of THF (anhydrous);
- 7.04 mmol of 4-nitrobenzyl bromide;
- 7.04 mmol of Mg;
- Argon atmosphere.
Water is not a problem since I left all my ... |
In the following reaction, I believe a polar aprotic solvent like propanone will be more favorable since the partial negative charge on the oxygen atom in propanone will attract the sodium ion from sodium hydroxide leaving the nucleophile, $\ce{OH-}$ to freely attack the carbonyl group:
$$\ce{CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3... |
I know I can generate colloidal silver from the following link
[generate colloidal silver][1]
I now have 2 palladium and 2 platinum wires and would like to make one colloidal solution of palladium and one colloidal solution of platinum both in distilled water. I watched a video on doing this [making platinum nanop... |
Today I came across a "thought experiment" regarding $\mathrm{pH}$ of a diluted acid solution. This idea looks somewhat logical but obviously contradicts the reality. Can you show me where is the error?
Let's suppose we have $\pu{100 g}$ of concentrated 95% (mass) sulfuric acid. That means we have a mixture of $\pu{... |
How can we assign an irreducible representation to a derivative operator like
$\displaystyle\frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}$ or the whole gradient operator $\nabla$ in a given point group?
Since the Hamilton operator can be assigned to the totally symmetric representation, it seems like there is a way to to do so for... |
Cryolite $\ce{(Na3AlF6)}$ and fluorspar $\ce{(CaF2)}$ are added to alumina to lower the temperature of the mixture from ${2000^ °C}$ to about ${900 ^°C}$ and also to increase the conductance.
But my question is about the specific effect these compounds are producing. I mean, out of the two mentioned effects, which c... |
Cryolite $\ce{(Na3AlF6)}$ and fluorspar $\ce{(CaF2)}$ are added to alumina to lower the temperature of the mixture from $\pu{2000 °C}$ to about $\pu{900 °C}$ and also to increase the conductance.
But my question is about the specific effect these compounds are producing. I mean, out of the two mentioned effects, whi... |
Why does the difference of energy between the 2s and 2p orbitals of the second period elements increase with increasing atomic number? Does this difference increases by moving down a group, e.g. is the difference between 3s and 3p bigger than 2p and 2p and why?
**Atomic Orbital Ionization Energies, eV**
$$
\begin{... |
I've just learnt that a part of the photosynthesis reaction is the light reaction, where sunlight is absorbed by chloroplasts, which then excites electrons to higher energy levels, allowing for water molecules to be broken down.
My question is whether this can also happen in pools of water? I mean, if all that is r... |
Can the light reaction of photosynthesis happen spontaneous in pools of water? |
Why does the difference of energy between the 2s and 2p orbitals of the second period elements increase with increasing atomic number? Does this difference increases by moving down a group, e.g. is the difference between 3s and 3p bigger than 2p and 2p and why?
> **Atomic Orbital Ionization Energies, eV**
> $$
\be... |
A fatty acid consists of a carbon chain, with a carboxylic acid on one end, and just a hydrogen on the other.
Does a substance with two carboxylic acid ends and no hydrogen end exist? |
Does double ended fatty acid exist? |
The analogy with a proton is actually a good one if you are careful to remember that an electron is nearly 2000 times lighter than a proton. What does that mean? It means that despite the fact that an electron is very "small", the electron is actually going to be very large because lighter particles will tend to spread... |
Recently, I looked at these two papers analyzing the excited-state properties of some modified DNA bases:
https://www.pnas.org/content/98/1/37
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp064388h
I'm not an expert in theoretical chemistry and so I was wondering how the choice of methods here was motivated. In particular... |
Recently, I looked at these two papers analyzing the excited-state properties of some modified DNA bases:
1. Jean, J. M.; Hall, K. B. 2-Aminopurine fluorescence quenching and lifetimes: Role of base stacking. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* **2001,** *98* (1), 37–41 [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.1.37](http... |
Uric acid, according to [this site][1], is odorless:
> Other nitrogen-containing compounds are found in urine. A large number of different compounds can affect the smell of urine, and it can be influenced by diet (as people who’ve experienced the effects of eating asparagus can attest). Whilst the urea in urine is o... |
I want to build a DIY vacuum filtration apparatus with a bike pump but it's very difficult to find one the could be easily converted into a vacuum pump. This prompted an idea to simply build a reverse version where above atmospheric pressure is forcing the liquid to flow through the filter. I notice pressure filtration... |
Why isn't pressure filtration popular compared to vacuum filtration? |
The answer to this question might solve a multiple choice in my previous chemistry exam, which caused an argument with my teacher.
We know that fatty acids form fats and oil due to their carboxylic groups by forming triesters with glycerol. But is it possible to have a fatty acid with two or more $\ce{-COOH}$ groups... |
I want to build a DIY vacuum filtration apparatus with a bike pump but it's very difficult to find one the could be easily converted into a vacuum pump. This prompted an idea to simply build a reverse version where above atmospheric pressure is forcing the liquid to flow through the filter. I notice pressure filtration... |
I recently read an answer by `Aman Rusia` for this question: https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/59541/is-a-liquid-in-a-container-always-in-equilibrium-with-its-vapour
In it, he says that
> You can't have a container filled with only liquid. Think about that
> for a moment. Similarly you can't have a ... |
Is it possible to have only liquid in a closed container? |
I recently read [an answer by Aman Rusia](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/a/77207/41328) for this question: https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/59541/is-a-liquid-in-a-container-always-in-equilibrium-with-its-vapour
In it, they say that
> You can't have a container filled with only liquid. Think abo... |
How can I obtain the wave function of the dihydrogen system, by hand using Self Consistent Field DFT calculations? |
I have a electrochemical reactor assumed isothermal and isobaric with 4 reactions and I am trying to calculate the 'Ideal Chemical Work' exerted by each reaction using the extent of reactions for each reaction (which I have already calculated).
I am calculating the 'Chemical Work' by multiplying the extent of react... |
I have a electrochemical reactor assumed isothermal and isobaric with 4 reactions and I am trying to calculate the "ideal chemical work' exerted by each reaction using the extent of reactions for each reaction (which I have already calculated).
I am calculating the 'chemical work' $w$ by multiplying the extent of r... |
I want to build a DIY vacuum filtration apparatus with a bike pump but it's very difficult to find one the could be easily converted into a vacuum pump. This prompted an idea to simply build a reverse version where above atmospheric pressure is forcing the liquid to flow through the filter. I notice pressure filtration... |
Uric acid, according to [this site][1], is odorless:
>Uric Acid is a white tasteless odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism, found in the blood and urine, as well as trace amounts found in the various organs of the body. It can build up and form stones or crystals in various disease states.
Urea, acco... |
I recently read [an answer by Aman Rusia](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/a/77207/41328) for this question: https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/59541/is-a-liquid-in-a-container-always-in-equilibrium-with-its-vapour
In it, they say that
> You can't have a container filled with only liquid. Think abo... |
The ionic radius of the $\ce{Ag^+}$ ion is $129$ pm, and that of the $\ce{Na^+}$ ion is $116$ pm.
Since the sodium ion is smaller than the silver ion, it makes sense that it has a stronger polarizing power than the silver ion. Due to the higher charge density, the lattice energy of $\ce{NaX}$ compounds is predicted ... |
Why does silver (I) have a larger lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy than sodium? |
Recently, I looked at these two papers analyzing the excited-state properties of modified DNA bases (2-aminopurine and 8-vinyl-A) and how they are influenced by stacking with natural nucleobases:
1. Jean, J. M.; Hall, K. B. 2-Aminopurine fluorescence quenching and lifetimes: Role of base stacking. *Proceedings of t... |
How can I convert benzene into the product in the box using the various reagents listed? |
What is the pH of a $\ce{0.1 M}$ solution of $\ce{Fe(CH_3COO)_3}$? I'm not sure how to do this, as it would involve complicated mass balance equations, but I think I can apply the approximation $\ce{pH = \frac{1}{2}*(pKa(Fe^{3+}) + pKa(CH_3COOH)) = \frac{1}{2}*(4.76 + 2.22) = 3.48}$.
Is this approximation valid in ... |
What is the pH of a solution of iron acetate? |
Can someone please explain to me where the flaw is in my proposed synthesis mechanism? |
Will cyclopenta-2,4-dienecarbaldehyde undergo aldol condensation or cannizzaro reaction? |
These laws all date back from the very early days of chemistry and are only taught at school to give pupils a way to grasp parts of the subject more easily. Except for the law of conservation of mass, which some professors/supervisors love stating frequently, they are hardly mentioned in universities outside of science... |
Fluorobenzene shows signs of both the electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on benzene. Electrophilic substitution to the ring is less reactive because the fluorine is very electronegative and withdraws electron density, but it can also form a weak conjugated system, which is especially pronounced at the or... |
I am currently studying gaseous state and I encountered the following problem.
>A container with a volume 3 liter holds $N_2(g)$ and $H_2O(l)$ at $29^\circ C$ .The pressure is found to be $1$ atm .The water is then split into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis according to the reaction $H_2O(l)\rightarrow H_2(g)+\f... |
Will the volume occupied by a mixture of $N_2$ and $H_2O$ be same as the volume occupied by them individually? |
Will the volume occupied by a mixture of nitrogen and water be same as the volume occupied by them individually? |
I need to write reference on 6-311++g(d,p) basis set in my work where I used it on atoms of I-II periods. Does anyone know where it was first published? |
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