instruction stringlengths 15 21.8k |
|---|
I always thought that in a mass spectrometer all the ionized fragments were going in the quadrupole at the same time, and then this quadrupole was sorting them by ratio.
But last week I learn that a quadrupole mass spectrometer does not work like that, it apparently works by ratio range letting only specific ion ent... |
How does a mass spectrometer treat ions? |
Yes, it's convention to write butan-1-ol as butanol, just as it's likely to write propan-1-ol as propanol (whenever it's attached to the first carbon, we usually just omit the 1)
I'm not quite sure about what you mean with isomers, but we name isomers in different ways so that we can distinguish them. For example, ... |
I wanted to ask a question about the kinetics of an oxidation reaction using chromium reagents.
I was given a lecture today on the mechanism of alcohol oxidations using Chromate (VI) reagents:
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
My previous [knowledge][2] of Rate-Determining steps (RDS) were that on an ... |
Yes. [There are alloys and intermetallic compounds up to $\ce{44\%Au:56\%Zn}$][1]. This phase diagram is from [here](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253702430_Size_effect_on_the_mechanical_properties_in_zinc_oxide).
That said, crystal ... |
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZMSPk.png
I tried refluxing in toluene using activated molecular sieves to absorb any water produced (didn't use Dean-Stark trap as it's a very small scale reaction).
This reaction isn't going by changing the time or temperature condition... |
The IUPAC nomenclature guidelines reference alkyloxy and alkoxy prefixes at different points. Is there any distinction, at the level of a principle or rationale, between the use cases for the two? For example, is there an underlying reason why cyclopentyloxybenzene is or isn't preferable to cyclopentoxybenzene? |
What is the distinction between alkyloxy and alkoxy prefixes, if any? |
Is it possible to form an alloy of gold and zinc? |
Wikipedia says that "organonitrogen compounds are organic compounds with carbon-nitrogen bonds".
My question is- does the class of organonitrogen compounds include compounds in which the carbon and nitrogen are only indirectly bonded, for example 1-hydroxy-3H, 5H-4, 6-dioxa-2-lambda3-oxa-3, 5-diazacyclohex-1-ene(1+), ... |
Wikipedia says that "organosilicon compounds are organic compounds with carbon-silicon bonds".
My question is- does the class of organosilicon compounds include compounds in which the carbon and silicon are only indirectly bonded, for example the (hypothetical) molecule 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy-4, 6-dioxa-2-lambda3-oxa-3, 5... |
This is a question I've been thinking about quite frequently. I had seen that this hydrocarbon has a low $pK_a$ with reference to the highlighted H-atom
[![c][1]][1]
Loss of the H-atom gives aromatic character to the 3 5-membered rings in the compound, contributing to it's acidity.
Are there any other hydrocarbo... |
Why is Aluminium oxide amphoteric? |
can we break double bonds by using laser and heat without presenting any liquids? |
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid (pKa value below that of H3O+: completely disassociated in water) at its first deprotonation, but is a weak acid (pKa value over that of H3O+) in its second one. Does it also hold for 2-sulfopropanedioic acid too, being a strong acid at its first deprotonation and being weal acids at its ... |
This is a question I've been thinking about quite frequently. I had seen that this hydrocarbon has a low $pK_a$ with reference to the highlighted H-atom
[![c][1]][1]
Loss of the H-atom gives aromatic character to the 3 5-membered rings in the compound, contributing to it's acidity.
Are there any other **neutral*... |
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid (pKa value below that of H3O+: completely disassociated in water) at its first deprotonation, but is a weak acid (pKa value over that of H3O+) in its second one. Does it also hold for 2-sulfopropanedioic acid too, being a strong acid at its first deprotonation and being weak acids at its ... |
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid ($\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ value below that of $\ce{H3O+}$: completely dissociated in water) at its first deprotonation, but is a weak acid ($\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ value over that of $\ce{H3O+}$) in its second one.
Does it also hold for [2-sulfopropanedioic acid](https://pubchem.ncbi.... |
Is contribution to pH by an acid or base always greater than salt hydrolysis? |
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosilicon) says that organosilicon compounds are organic compounds with carbon-silicon bonds.
Does the class of organosilicon compounds include compounds in which the carbon and silicon are only indirectly bonded, for example the (hypothetical) molecule 1,3,5-trihydroxy-... |
Can a compound with indirectly bonded carbon and silicon atoms within the same aromatic system be called organosilicon compound? |
The combustion of methane gas, CH4, gives as products CO2 and H2O, both in the gas phase. If 1 liter of methane is burned in the presence of 10 liters of O2, what will be the final volume of the resulting mixture? Given: 1CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) - 1CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g) Note: assume all gases in cntp.
What I tried: The react... |
The combustion of methane gas, $\ce{CH4}$, gives as products $\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$, both in the gas phase. If $1$ liter of methane is burned in the presence of $10$ liters of $\ce{O2}$, what will be the final volume of the resulting mixture? Given: $\ce{1CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) - 1CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)}$ Note: assume all ga... |
The combustion of methane gas, $\ce{CH4}$, gives as products $\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$, both in the gas phase. If $1$ liter of methane is burned in the presence of $10$ liters of $\ce{O2}$, what will be the final volume of the resulting mixture? Given: $\ce{1CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) -> 1CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)}$ Note: assume all g... |
Chemistry has an organization called the [International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)][1], which sets standards for nomenclature (among other things). Chemists *usually* follow its recommendations.
IUPAC [says][2]
> Ionic charge is indicated by means of a right upper index, as in $\ce{A^n+}$ or $\ce{A... |
The combustion of methane gas, $\ce{CH4}$, gives as products $\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$, both in the gas phase. If $1$ liter of methane is burned in the presence of $10$ liters of $\ce{O2}$. Suppose all volumes measured under the same temperature and pressure conditions and optimal behavior for all gases
$\ce{CH4 (g) +... |
The combustion of methane gas, $\ce{CH4}$, gives as products $\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$, both in the gas phase. If $1$ liter of methane is burned in the presence of $10$ liters of $\ce{O2}$. Suppose all volumes measured under the same temperature and pressure conditions and optimal behavior for all gases
$\ce{CH4 (g) +... |
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosilicon) says that organosilicon compounds are organic compounds with carbon-silicon bonds.
Does the class of organosilicon compounds include compounds in which the carbon and silicon are only indirectly bonded, for example the (hypothetical) molecule 1,3,5-trihydroxy-... |
Untill now it was clear to me what balancing a reaction was. Balancing Redox reaction also make sense. But what does it mean by balancing redox reaction in acidic or basic medium ? |
What does it mean Balancing of redox reaction in mediums? |
I'm currently working on a question based on two isomers of a nickel complex, where nickel exists in the oxidation state Ni(II) (i.e. has d-electron configuration d<sup>8</sup>). It has been deduced that the "normal" isomer is square planar and the "iso" isomer is tetrahedral.
[![The two isomers.][1]][1]
The firs... |
My wife was advised to take as pure as possible a vitamin E supplement as she could find, but all “pure vitamin E oil” products I have found seem to be for skincare rather than consumption as a supplement.
I understand d-alpha tocopherol to be the “best” form of vitamin E, but find liquid forms often contain sunflo... |
Is a liquid vitamin E supplement possible without additives? |
Until now it was clear to me what balancing a reaction was. Balancing redox reaction also make sense to me. What does it mean to balance a redox reaction in acidic or basic medium? |
What does it mean to balance a redox reaction in acidic or basic mediums? |
> A gas mixture consisting of $\pu{14 g}$ nitrogen ($\ce{N2}$) and
> $\pu{9g}$ hydrogen ($\ce{H2}$) is in a closed vessel exerting a
> pressure of $\pu{1.0 atm}$. The nitrogen and hydrogen partial pressures
> exerted on the walls of this vessel are respectively?
We know that $\pu{14 g}$ of nitrogen is $\pu{0.5 mo... |
Why are 9 g of hydrogen 4.5 mol? |
>The combustion of methane gas, $\ce{CH4}$, gives as products $\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$, both in the gas phase. If $1$ liter of methane is burned in the presence of $10$ liters of $\ce{O2}$. Suppose all volumes measured under the same temperature and pressure conditions and optimal behavior for all gases.
$$\ce{CH4 (g... |
How to find the volume of the products in methane combustion? |
What is the black graphite looking slag that is formed when sterling silver is melted with borax? Is there a way to remove it from the surface of the sterling silver? It appears to be indestructible!
[Edit] Here are some images and here is some more information.
The melting is related to jewelry casting. All m... |
What is the black slag formed when sterling silver is melted with borax? [Edited with images] |
Looking at E vitamin products sold commercially, all “pure vitamin E oil” products seem to be for skincare rather than consumption as a supplement.
I have read that d-alpha tocopherol is the form of vitamin E with greatest bioavailability, but even liquid supplement products often contain sunflower or other oils in... |
In van der waals equation for a real gas, the equation is $(P+a\frac{n^2}{V^2})*(V-n*b)=n*R*T$ where $P$ is the pressure of the real gas, $n$ is the number of moles of the gas, $R$ is the ideal gas constant, $T$ is the temperature, $a$ is a constant to correct for the intermolecular forces of attraction, and $b$ is a c... |
I want to ask a question about the sum of a rate constant to yield the total decay rate.
From previous studies, the rate of a reaction can be expressed evidently as
$$\ce{v_{rate} = k[A]}$$
where $\ce{A}$ is a molecule in a reaction.
I studied today about unimolecular photochemistry and that a molecule i... |
This is a question I've been thinking about quite frequently. I had seen that this hydrocarbon has a low $pK_a$ with reference to the highlighted H-atom
[![c][1]][1]
Loss of the H-atom gives aromatic character to the 3 5-membered rings in the compound, contributing to it's acidity.
Are there any other **neutral*... |
What is the most acidic neutral hydrocarbon? |
This is a question I've been thinking about quite frequently. I had seen that this hydrocarbon has a low $\mathrm pK_\mathrm a$ with reference to the highlighted H-atom
[![c][1]][1]
Loss of the central gives aromatic character to the three 5-membered rings in the compound, contributing to its acidity.
Are there ... |
Apart from knowing the radius of coordination shells and the probability of finding, is there any other thermodynamic information we can gather by looking at radial distribution functions of a molecule?
For instance, If I plot the radial distribution functions for 'O' atom of H2O, once for pure H2O and then once in... |
What all information can be gathered qualitatively from the radial distribution functions of a molecule? |
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/HFnbK.jpg
In the following reaction the products formed are not enantiomers but are diastereomoers.So there is no racemisation occured.So is it always correct to say that SN1 result in racemisation? |
According to my <a href="https://books.google.ae/books?id=93IGOHrhpZUC&pg=SA8-PA10&lpg=SA8-PA10&dq=reaction+between+nocl+and+rnh2&source=bl&ots=AiMhj4W5GW&sig=ACfU3U2c2_ny9YiQk2wylJft3-z2BkEDew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP2NPGx47mAhUMxIUKHfjDD84Q6AEwEHoECAoQAg#v=onepage&q=reaction%20between%20nocl%20and%20rnh2&f=false">tex... |
In van der Waals equation for a real gas, the equation is
$$\left(P + a\frac{n^2}{V^2}\right)(V - nb) = nRT$$
where $P$ is the pressure of the real gas, $n$ is the number of moles of the gas, $R$ is the ideal gas constant, $T$ is the temperature, $a$ is a constant to correct for the intermolecular forces of attra... |
I am performing coprecipitation reaction, and in the precipitating step, I have a bunch of metal nitrates solution reacting with ammonium bicarbonate. I need to know the selectivity of these metal nitrates towards the ammonium carbonate and the order in which these metal nitrates will start reacting with the base. How ... |
I am performing coprecipitation reaction, and in the precipitating step, I have a bunch of metal nitrates(ferric nitrate, aluminium nitrate and barium nitrate)in a solution reacting with ammonium bicarbonate. I need to know the selectivity of these metal nitrates towards the ammonium carbonate and the order in which t... |
This doesn't qualify as racemisation, it is epimerization. Racemization would require both stereocentres to invert to form the enantiomer and - as you rightly suppose - the stereocentre bearing the methyl group is untouched by this reaction.
It is also unlikely to lead to a 1:1 mixture of products since the two dias... |
This doesn't qualify as racemisation, it is epimerization. Racemization would require both stereocentres to invert to form the enantiomer and - as you rightly suppose - the stereocentre bearing the methyl group is untouched by this reaction.
It is also unlikely to lead to a 1:1 mixture of products since the two dias... |
I was reading my book, in which it mentioned that aluminium and gallium oxides are amphoteric and and Indium and thalium oxide are basic in their properties.
But no explanation was given.
Edit:
My main question is we know that mostly metal oxides are basic and non metal oxides are acidic. But we see some metal ... |
In [this answer](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/9212/can-a-organic-compounds-such-as-hydrocarbons-contain-an-ionic-bond/49307?r=SearchResults#49307) a hydrocarbon anion called Kuhn's anion has the formula $\ce{C_{39}H_{67}^-}$ has reported $pK_b=8.1$ which would correspond to the neutral hydrocarbon havi... |
I made CoCl2 crystals by making a concentrated solution. After the crystals formed I took them out of the solution for drying.
After a time I noticed that they were still wet so I dried off the water with a cloth and left them. Again they got wet and it seemed that the crystals just melted enough to get wet. No matte... |
Why does Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) crystal melts? |
I made CoCl2 crystals by making a concentrated solution. After the crystals formed I took them out of the solution for drying.
After a time I noticed that they were still wet so I dried off the water with a cloth and left them. Again they got wet and it seemed that the crystals just melted enough to get wet. No matte... |
Under constant temperature and pressure, the change of the gibbs free energy can be written as dG(sys) = dH(sys) - TdS(sys). And in the textbook that I have, when deriving this equation, they use the equation dS(univ) = dS(sys) - dH(sys)/T. I can understand to this step but the question occurs. Can't we write dS(sys) a... |
When we write dG(sys) = dH(sys) - TdS(sys) Whose T is it? System's or surrounding's? |
The situation is as follows:
> A sample of $19.40\,g$ of a certain compound containing $\textrm{K, Cr and O}$, receives a treatment. This gives $7.6\,g.$ of $Cr_{2}O_{3}$ and $9.70\,g.$ of the
> compound is transformed into $13.85\,g$ of $KClO_{4}$.
Given this situation, where *no information is given regarding ... |
What procedure can be used to find the empirical formula of a chromium compound when succesive treatments are made? |
The situation is as follows:
> A sample of $19.40\,g$ of a certain compound containing $\textrm{K, Cr and O}$, receives a treatment. This gives $7.6\,g.$ of $Cr_{2}O_{3}$ and $9.70\,g.$ of the
> compound is transformed into $13.85\,g$ of $KClO_{4}$.
Given this situation, where *no information is given regarding ... |
In [this answer](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/9212/can-a-organic-compounds-such-as-hydrocarbons-contain-an-ionic-bond/49307?r=SearchResults#49307) a hydrocarbon anion called Kuhn's anion has the formula $\ce{C_{67}H_{39}^-}$ has reported $pK_b=8.1$ which would correspond to the neutral hydrocarbon havi... |
I came across a question that inquired about whether there exists ***any*** [intensive property][1] of a system, that is **independent of temperature** and then seeks proof for the presence/absence of such properties, from a *quasi-theoretical* standpoint. The question mentions that the system shall be assumed to be no... |
I came across a question that inquired about whether there exists ***any*** [intensive property][1] of a system, that is **independent of temperature** and then seeks proof for the presence/absence of such properties, from a *quasi-theoretical* standpoint. The question mentions that the system shall be assumed to be no... |
The situation is as follows:
> A sample of $\pu{19.40 g}$ of a certain compound containing $\ce{K, Cr}$ and $\ce{O}$, receives a treatment. This gives $\pu{7.6 g}$ of $\ce{Cr2O3}$ and $\pu{9.70 g}$ of the compound is transformed into $\pu{13.85 g}$ of $\ce{KClO4}$.
Given this situation, where *no information is g... |
The situation is as follows:
> A sample of $\pu{19.40 g}$ of a certain compound containing $\ce{K, Cr}$ and $\ce{O}$, receives a treatment. This gives $\pu{7.6 g}$ of $\ce{Cr2O3}$ and $\pu{9.70 g}$ of the compound is transformed into $\pu{13.85 g}$ of $\ce{KClO4}$.
Given this situation, where *no information is g... |
In van der Waals equation for a real gas, the equation is
$$\left(P + a\frac{n^2}{V^2}\right)(V - nb) = nRT$$
where $P$ is the pressure of the real gas, $n$ is the number of moles of the gas, $R$ is the ideal gas constant, $T$ is the temperature, $a$ is a constant to correct for the intermolecular forces of attra... |
This is a question I've been thinking about quite frequently. I had seen that this hydrocarbon has a low $\mathrm pK_\mathrm a$ with reference to the highlighted H-atom
[![c][1]][1]
Loss of the central gives aromatic character to the three 5-membered rings in the compound, contributing to its acidity.
Are ther... |
I made a different approach. I transform the second experiment in such a way that the same amount of the initial compound $\ce{K_xCr_yO_z}$ is used in both experiments. As the second experiment uses exactly one half of what was used in the first, I can simplify both data in saying that 19.4 g of the compound react with... |
I made $\ce{CoCl2}$ crystals by making a concentrated solution. After the crystals formed I took them out of the solution for drying.
After a time I noticed that they were still wet so I dried off the water with a cloth and left them. Again they got wet and it seemed that the crystals just melted enough to get wet. N... |
Why does cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) crystal melts? |
Hydrogen peroxide is miscible with water, can neutralize acids, and produces H2O, but I've never seen it labeled as an alkali, could we still consider hydrogen peroxide an alkali? |
Can hydrogen peroxide be considered an alkali? |
I've stumbled upon an interesting article about reduction of amino acids and from there to reduction of l-valin to l-valinol using LiAlH4 in THF.
Article says that because of the cost of LiAlH4, better method using NaBH4 with I2 in THF has been developed.
But I haven't found anything about HI. Is it possible to... |
I've stumbled upon an interesting article about reduction of amino acids and from there to reduction of L-valine to L-valinol using $\ce{LiAlH4}$ in THF.
Article says that because of the cost of $\ce{LiAlH4}$, better method using $\ce{NaBH4}$ with $\ce{I2}$ in THF has been developed.
But I haven't found anythin... |
I am attempting to cleave a double bond into a carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide using an ozonolysis reaction followed by an oxidative workup. I am concerned with the presence of a tertiary ether in my reactant, however. I am planning on using standard ozonolysis procedures as described in Vogel's Textbook of Practica... |
This is a solution for a question in my textbook.
[![enter image description here][2]][2]
[2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/zAXD3.png
In the presence of an acid catalyst, am I wrong in my understanding that the acid will protonate the alcohol, and then do an electrophillic addition reaction onto the alkene (in ... |
Why the dissociation constant of weak electrolyte is 1 at infinite dilution and how do we get the result? |
Why the dissociation constant of weak electrolyte is 1 at infinite dilution and how do we get the result? Like I know that at infinite dilution the concentration of solution is 0 but what does that have to do with dissociation constant, secondly in oswald's law of dilution we already assume that dissociation constant i... |
I was asked to determine the coordination compound which has the name:
$$triamminetrinitritocobalt(I)$$
I thought it must be: $$\ce{[Co(NH3)3(ONO)3]^2-}$$
The $-2$ charge can be deduced by adding up the oxidation numbers.
However, in this case, shouldn't be writen in its name "cobaltate" instead of "cobalt"? Wher... |
>So, in principle, it's possible to make a buffer without adding the salt?
Yes and no....
The math is pretty simple. Let's say that there is a monoprotic acid $\ce{HA}$.
$$\ce{HA <=> H^+ + A-}$$
$${\mathrm{K}_\mathrm{a}} = \dfrac{\ce{[H+][A-]}}{\ce{[HA]}}$$
let $c$ represent the overall concentration of HA s... |
I was asked to determine the coordination compound which has the name:
$$\text{triamminetrinitritocobalt(I)}$$
I thought it must be: $$\ce{[Co(NH3)3(ONO)3]^2-}$$
The $-2$ charge can be deduced by adding up the oxidation numbers.
However, in this case, shouldn't the name be written as _cobaltate_ instead o... |
Can we break double bonds by using laser and heat? |
How can we find vibration modes of water that are not in IR and Raman spectroscopy? I thought these modes creat when a transition happens between 2 modes i.e from mode to another mode.
|
What is the black graphite looking slag that is formed when sterling silver is melted with borax? Is there a way to remove it from the surface of the sterling silver? It appears to be indestructible!
The melting is related to jewelry casting. All melting was done in an electric Ney muffle furnace. Here is a melt... |
What is the black slag formed when sterling silver is melted with borax? |
In my class notes regarding the rigid rotor model, J is described as simply the angular momentum (replacing roe or p) and is also referred to as the angular momentum quantum number.
Are these two thing synonymous? If so in what way? If not, what do each mean and when is it appropriate to use which one? |
What is J in the rigid rotor model? |
You know that in first approximation the absorption recorded is a product of the optical path length $d$, the extinction coefficient $\varepsilon$, and the analyte concentration $c$ as $$\mathrm{abs} = c \cdot \varepsilon \cdot d$$
Now, depending on your specific task, consider the three variables to your advantage.... |
Under constant temperature and pressure, the change of the Gibbs free energy can be written as $$dG(\textrm{sys}) = dH(\textrm{sys}) - TdS(\textrm{sys})$$ And in the textbook that I have, when deriving this equation, they use the equation $$dS(\textrm{univ}) = dS(\textrm{sys}) - dH(\textrm{sys})/T$$ I can understand to... |
Why can a wavefunction be written as a product of 1-electron wave-functions when making approximations to solve atoms other than hydrogen? (ie. helium)
We used this when solving multielectron systems such as that of helium. Why is this assumption valid or at least reasonable? |
Why can a wave-function be written as a product of 1-electron wave-functions? |
Do tertiary ethers tolerate oxidative workup of an ozonolysis reaction? |
Under constant temperature and pressure, the change of the Gibbs free energy can be written as
$$\mathrm dG_\textrm{sys} = \mathrm dH_\mathrm{sys} - T\,\mathrm dS_\mathrm{sys}$$
And in the textbook that I have, when deriving this equation, they use the equation
$$\mathrm dS_\mathrm{univ} = \mathrm dS_\mathrm{s... |
In dG = dH − TdS, does T refer to the temperature of system or surroundings? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.