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After you react rotundone ($C_{15}H_{22}O$) with water it loses all of the double bonds (except the carboxylic bond, $C=O$) and gets two of the functional group $-OH$ (alcohol). Two compounds are formed, one (A) where both the alcohol groups are tertiary and another (B) where one is tertiary and the other is primary.
... |
How can I know the colour change of this reaction? |
We have a home carbonator for makeing seltzer. It blows co2 under high pressure into water. Could I use it to carbonate corn oil? Is CO2 soluble in a no aqueous solution? |
Can you carbonate a non aqueous liquid? |
This question probably applies to other heavier metals as well. The only rationalization I can figure is that lead in the +2 oxidation state (which is most common) is a borderline soft acid and prefers to take electrons from a soft sulfur instead of trying to react with a hard oxygen.
Is this the right direction? ... |
Why is lead sulfide found in nature, whereas lead oxide is less common? |
We have a home carbonator for makeing seltzer. It blows $CO_2$ under high pressure into water. Could I use it to carbonate corn oil? Is $CO_2$ soluble in a no aqueous solution? |
We have a home carbonator for makeing seltzer. It blows $\ce{CO2}$ under high pressure into water. Could I use it to carbonate corn oil? Is $\ce{CO2}$ soluble in a no aqueous solution? |
A buffer is made from 50mL of 1.0M benzoic acid (Ka = 6.3E-5) and 50mL of 1.0M sodium benzoate.
a) Calculate the pH of this buffer
For this do I simply use -log(6.3E-5)?
b)Calculate the new pH when 0.010M HCl is added to 100mL of this buffer.
This one I do not understand.
Any help is much appreciated! |
Why are the oxides usually insulating? It would be nice to get an explanation with chemistry terms (e.g., electronegativity, electron affinity, etc...) and a different explanation involving the language of band structure (i.e. energy gaps). |
Why are the oxide materials insulating? |
I read in many MSDS that Isopropyl alcohol tends to form peroxides (by reacting to air OR light) which may explode when they reach a given concentration.
For example: http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1076.pdf or http://www.hvchemical.com/msds/isal-70.htm as well as many others.
I own a few liters of i... |
The 2 Hydrogrens near the carbonyl (the lower 2 Hs not bonded to the nitrogen) should be the most deshielded so i think they appear as the rightmost peak in the NMR. Are these 2 Hs a doublet of doublets? I think this because they are split by 2 different Hs.
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i... |
The 2 Hydrogrens near the carbonyl (the lower 2 $\ce{H}$s are not bonded to the nitrogen) should be the most deshielded so I think they appear as the rightmost peak in the NMR. Are these 2 $\ce{H}$s a doublet of doublets? I think this because they are split by 2 different $\ce{H}$s.
![enter image description here]... |
The 2 Hydrogens near the carbonyl (the lower 2 $\ce{H}$s are not bonded to the nitrogen) should be the most deshielded so I think they appear as the rightmost peak in the NMR. Are these 2 $\ce{H}$s a doublet of doublets? I think this because they are split by 2 different $\ce{H}$s.
![enter image description here][... |
Thermodynamics isn't quite that general. It will tell you about the possibility of going from one well-defined state to another well-defined state, but as has been said, there is no way to do it in general. What you are asking is akin to "is it hard to get there from here?" without specifying where both here and ther... |
I am using the [Morphine][1] [mol][2] file and I'm attempting to create a matrix which contains a table of the atoms and how they bond similar to a ball and stick format.
In the mol file bond block listed bellow what do the type place holders mean?
7 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0 0 0
2 12 1... |
Are there any common elemental (single-step) reactions with three reactants?
Everything I've found either says that they're very rare, or can be broken down into two bimolecular steps with combined reaction rates far greater than the termolecular step.
What reactions _require_ an indivisible termolecular step? |
As we all know, the freezing point of absolute sulfuric acid is 10C. The average lead-acid battery (sulfuric) uses ~30% sulfuric acid, and has a freezing point much lower than 10C. What constituents contribute to this effect? What is the diluent used in these batteries? What would the freezing point be? |
What is the freezing point of sulfuric battery acid? |
Isopropanol is not one of the notorious peroxide formers, but it will eventually do so in the presence of oxygen (with or without light - the process is autocatalytic).
When I was a graduate student TA in an organic chemistry class, isopropanol was a distillation "unknown". However, the "unknown" bottle had probabl... |
I can't find the $K_{sp}$ value for Manganese Phosphate ($Mn_3(PO_4)_2$) anywhere online. Has it been measured? What is it? |
has anyone seen a version of the [iodine clock][1] reaction where instead of the system oscillating between clear and blue it shows blue bands travelling down the vessel?
I ask because someone not unknown to this site has made a version of the experiment with such moving bands and I was wondering if it was worth sen... |
A lot of the organometallics are rather... interesting compounds to work with. The most famous (among those who care, anyway) is *tert*-butyllithium or t-BuLi. It is the textbook example of a pyrophoric substance, demonstrated to pretty much every chemistry major as an example of an air-sensitive chemical requiring spe... |
Whilst not specifically an iodine clock reaction, [Belousov-Zhabotinski][1] reactions are oscillatory and can produce moving [bands, spirals and concentric circles of colour][2]. This works best in thin films (limiting convection) as the top commenter on the linked video points out.
There's a great [thesis by Peter... |
Has anyone seen a version of the [iodine clock][1] reaction where instead of the system oscillating between clear and blue it shows blue bands travelling down the vessel?
I ask because someone not unknown to this site has made a version of the experiment with such moving bands and I was wondering if it was worth sen... |
Elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to be solid and metallic, elements on the right side of the periodic table are nonmetal and tend to be gases at room temperature, and the semi-metals are in between. Why is that? Why are the elements on the right side nonmetallic and in a gas phase? |
Why are elements on the right side of the periodic table nonmetallic and gas at room temperature? |
Has anyone seen a version of the [iodine clock][1] reaction where instead of the system oscillating between clear and blue it shows blue bands travelling down the vessel?
I ask because someone not unknown to this site has made a version of the experiment with such moving bands and I was wondering if it was worth sen... |
After reading a section on this particular oscillatory reaction, something started bugging me about it.
However, let me lay out the basis of my question. From what I've researched, Lengyel and Epstein proposed a model that captures the overall behavior of the system. There are a few different versions of the model ... |
I just read [this article][1] that mentioned that dioxygen difluoride is very dangerous. The terms it uses are "awful", "violently hideous" and "deeply alarming".
But I couldn't get a handle on exactly what it would does that warrants those descriptions.
Is it explosive? Does it spontaneously combust? How could i... |
<p>
Chemistry - Stack Exchange is for <span class="revision-comment">scientists, academics, teachers and students of <b>chemistry</b></span>.
</p>
<p>Questions may be of any level, but should be of the following types:</p>
- Questions asking for explanation of a chemistry concept
- Questions relating to observ... |
Ice will melt when heat is applied; paper will catch fire. In trying to figure out why — what the difference is between things that melt and things that catch — I found ["Burn, Char, Melt"](http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mats05/mats05170.htm) by Roberto Gregorius, who says it depends on
> whether the substance ... |
What determines a substance's energy of activation with air? |
Ice will melt when heat is applied; paper will catch fire. In trying to figure out why — what the difference is between things that melt and things that catch — I found ["Burn, Char, Melt"](http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mats05/mats05170.htm) by Roberto Gregorius, who says it depends on
> whether the substance ... |
There are some fundamental charactaristics of liquid crystal.one of them is - all liquid crystals are organic compound and at one side of their long molecular foundation there exists a polar group such as -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -OR etc. .A strong dipole effect in molecules is created by the existance of polar group; so the m... |
There are some fundamental charactaristics of liquid crystal. One of them is that all liquid crystals are organic compounds and at one side of their long molecular foundation there exists a polar group such as -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -OR etc.
A strong dipole effect in molecules is created by the existance of polar group; ... |
> In others words, it is to know approximately how much time it would take for a small amount (about 5 ml) of pure alcohol to evaporate if poured over a surface such as a table. Would it take about 15 seconds/30 seconds/2 minutes?
**It be simpler and faster to do the experiment than to try to predict the time neede... |
I'm having trouble with a pretty basic chemistry problem. The problem is writing the products (so more than one) for the hydrogenation of the cycloalkene ring in the following compound.
Reagents are molecular hydrogen with Pt catalyst. My problem is, the problem implies there are several products for hydrogenation o... |
In ICP-OES ([Wikipedia page][1]), you introduce a sample into a very hot plasma and then run a spectral analysis on the resulting light emissions. Liquid samples are sprayed into the flame. From the Wikipedia article:
> A peristaltic pump delivers an aqueous or organic sample into an analytical nebulizer where it is... |
How are samples prepared for analysis with ICP-OES? Can it analyse gases? |
For more fun with Dr Derek Lowe, see this for a primer: [Things I Won't Work With - Carbon Diselenide][1]. The short of it is that we carbon-based life forms generally like oxygen. However, move just one row down in the group, to sulfur, and things start going horribly wrong. Sulfur, and the thiol/mercaptan analogs of ... |
Why do chalcogens (Group VI) stink so badly? |
For more fun with Dr. Derek Lowe, see this for a primer: [Things I Won't Work With - Carbon Diselenide][1]. The short of it is that we carbon-based life forms generally like oxygen. However, move just one row down in the group, to sulfur, and things start going horribly wrong. Sulfur, and the thiol/mercaptan analogs of... |
I just read [this article][1] that mentioned that [dioxygen difluoride][2] is very dangerous. The terms it uses are "awful", "violently hideous" and "deeply alarming".
But I couldn't get a handle on exactly what it would do that warrants those descriptions.
Is it explosive? Does it spontaneously combust? How coul... |
I'm in chemistry and I still have a hard time comprehending how to balance a chemical equation.
What are the main steps and general things to know?
thank you. |
I have heard that a super capacitor can be made with a dvd burner. What materials do I need to to get and what software for my DVD burner do I need to make this amazing device? |
How can I make a graphene supercapacitor? |
How do you change the cis-trans isomerism of compounds? |
How to predict whether a given complex ion will be square planar or tetrahedral when its coordination number is 4 using crystal field theory ?
Is it possible to theoretically predict ? |
How can one predict whether a given complex ion will be square planar or tetrahedral when its coordination number is 4 using crystal field theory ?
Is it possible to theoretically predict this? |
I have heard that a [super capacitor can be made with a dvd burner][1]. What materials do I need to to get and what software for my DVD burner do I need to make this amazing device?
[1]: http://io9.com/5987086/meet-the-scientific-accident-that-could-change-the-world |
Please explain the physical meaning it carries ? And how is it that it can increase with dilution ?
And why is it called Molar ?
And what is equivalent conductivity ? |
Referring to [this,][1] when "hydrolysis of a salt" is its reaction with water:
How is it that both the cation and anion of the salt are reacting in an equal amount with water?
To state this specifically in reference to the link provided, how is it that there is a unique $h$ (degree of hydrolysis)?
[1]: ht... |
For more fun with Dr. Derek Lowe, see this for a primer: [Things I Won't Work With - Carbon Diselenide][1]. The short of it is that we carbon-based life forms generally like oxygen. However, move just one row down in the group, to sulfur, and things start going horribly wrong. Sulfur, and the thiol/mercaptan analogs of... |
I will answer your question about the definition of molar conductivity and why it increases with decreasing concentration.
As Jerry pointed out, you can probably learn what you need about equivalent conductivity using a [Google search][1].
The **molar** conductivity of an electrolyte solution is the conductivity ... |
The short answer to the question "Can an isolated system(of several phases) in equilibrium by itself move out of equilibrium?" is NO. Once the system is in equilibrium it will remain there.
If it is possible, as is asked in the second part of the question, to have some reaction be triggered at a higher temperature ... |
When blood / breath alcohol levels are taken to determine how intoxicated a person is, does it depend on their tolerance ?
ie. if you had two identical people age, weight, fitness ect apart from how frequently they consumed alcohol
if person 1, a non drinker, drank 1 measure of alcohol over a period and felt quit... |
Does blood / breat alcohol level take into account alcohol tollerace? |
When blood / breath alcohol levels are taken to determine how intoxicated a person is, does it depend on their tolerance ?
i.e. If you had two people of identical age, weight, fitness, etc.
person A, a non drinker, drank 1 measure of alcohol over a period and felt quite "drunk"
while person B, a frequent drin... |
Does tolerance to alcohol affect blood/breath alcohol levels? |
$\ce{CO2}$, being non-polar, will probably be more soluble in solvents that are non-polar as well. Also temperature will play a significant role, the higher the temperature the lower the solubility.
These qualitative remarks however only take you so far. If you really want to know the solubility in a specific liqu... |
Why transition metals element can make colored compound both in solid form and in solution? Is it related with it's electron or something else? |
Why transition element can make colored compound? |
Why do transition metals element make colored compound both in solid form and in solution? Is it related with their electrons or something else? |
Why do transition elements make colored compounds? |
Recently I saw a video in YouTube about how to make ice in seconds......
the link of the video is given below:
http://youtu.be/x-GQk8Q96PY
In this video in a glass of plain water salt is added and then a straw is closed from one end and the other side is lighted using a lighter and after which it is stirred for 5 ... |
Recently I saw a video in YouTube about how to make ice in seconds.
The link of the video is given below:
http://youtu.be/x-GQk8Q96PY
In this video, salt is added to a glass of water and then a straw is closed from one end and the other side is lit using a lighter and after which it is stirred for 5 seconds and re... |
Recently I saw a video in YouTube about how to make ice in seconds.
The link of the video is given below:
http://youtu.be/x-GQk8Q96PY
In this video, salt is added to a glass of water and then a straw is closed from one end and the other side is lit using a lighter and after which it is stirred for 5 seconds and re... |
What are the factors behind making ice faster? |
Recently I saw [a video][1] in YouTube about how to make ice in seconds.
In this video, salt is added to a glass of water and then a straw is closed from one end and the other side is lit using a lighter and after which it is stirred for 5 seconds and removed.
As soon as it is removed the ice is formed.
Wh... |
There are some fundamental charactaristics of liquid crystal. One of them is that all liquid crystals are organic compounds and at one side of their long molecular foundation there exists a polar group such as -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -OR etc.
A strong dipole effect in molecules is created by the existance of polar group; ... |
There are some fundamental charactaristics of liquid crystal. One of them is that all liquid crystals are organic compounds and at one side of their long molecular foundation there exists a polar group such as -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -OR etc.
A strong dipole effect in molecules is created by the existance of polar group; ... |
I am reading a paper ([Gutel et al., *J. Mater. Chem.* **2007**, *17*, 3290-3292][1]) and I have come across the following reaction:
> In organic solvents, the decomposition under mild conditions of
> ($\eta^4$-1,5-cyclooctadiene)($\eta^6$-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)ruthenium(0),
> Ru(COD)(COT), under a dihydrogen atmo... |
What does the eta notation mean in the naming of a transition metal complex? |
>What do the $\eta^4$ and $\eta^6$ notations represent? Do they somehow specify the coordination "connectivity" of the Ru(0) and the COD and COT coordinating ligands?
**They do.**
The $\eta$-notation denotes the [hapticity][1] of the ligand, which is the number of atoms in the ligand bonded to the metal center.
... |
What is the directing influence of an extended hydroxyl group on a benzene ring? |
What is the influence of an alkyl-hydroxy group on a benzene ring? |
What exactly happens? Does the butylithium chain add to the carbon where the bromine is attached? or do the 2 undergo halogen metal exchange? |
Can iproniazid be prepared by reacting isoniazid with 2-chloropropane? |
Now in an electrochemical cell , we make use of the fact that whenever there is a potential drop , electrons will flow from lower to higher potential as for a potential drop , there must be an electric field .
Now suppose there are two single electrodes , what creates the electrostatic potential on each of them in t... |
How does a SHE electrode work ?
As there is this platinum electrode ? Does H2 gas gets adsorbed , how is it reduced ? How are electrons transferred from the adsorbed gas to the solution ? How is H+ liberated or how H+ in the solution takes electrons from the adsorbed H2 ?
If platinum doesn't adsorb the H2 gas , w... |
$\ce{CO2}$, being non-polar (due to the 180 degree bond angles), will probably be more soluble in solvents that are non-polar as well, although the quadrupole moment might cause higher solubility in polar solvents as well (thanks to @georg for this addition). Also temperature will play a significant role, the higher t... |
What compounds do Nor1 and Nor2 citalopram refer to? |
$SnF_2$ appears to have a predominantly covalent structure while $NaF$ is ionic. So I think $SnF_2$ might release fluoride ions slower (more reluctantly) than $NaF$.
Since toothpaste contains $Ca$ containing minerals as well (as mentioned in the Wikipedia page), highly insoluble $CaF_2$ is formed easily when more fl... |
$\ce{CO2}$, being non-polar (due to the 180 degree bond angles), will probably be more soluble in solvents that are non-polar as well, although the quadrupole moment might cause higher solubility in polar solvents as well (thanks to @georg for this addition). Also temperature will play a significant role, the higher t... |
What is the result when glucose is mixed with excess acetic anhydride and excess pyridine? |
Result of glucose with acetic anhydride and pyridine? |
Well, the molecule you draw is [**tetrahydrofuran**](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrofuran), aka THF, but of course the only way you can guess that is if you already know the molecule. It's a very common organic solvent.
If you didn't know its common name, you could try to name it according to IUPAC nomenclat... |
How does a SHE electrode work?
Does the $H_2$ gas get absorbed on the platinum electrode? How is it reduced? How are electrons transferred from the adsorbed gas to the solution? How is $H^+$ liberated or how does the $H^+$ in the solution take electrons from the adsorbed $H_2$?
If platinum doesn't adsorb the $H_2... |
Perhaps this shouldn't be counted as an answer, but since this topic has been resurrected, I'd like to point to [Cann (2000)][1]. He explains the apparent stability of half-filled and filled subshells by invoking exchange energy (actually more of a decrease in destabilization due to smaller-than-expected electron-elect... |
A very common analytical method for detection of more than 70 elements is ICP-OES ([Wikipedia page][1]). But apparently, it's not suited for some substances (cited from [this paper][2], section 6.2, page 12):
> The elements that are
not usually determined by ICP/OES fall into three basic
categories. The first categ... |
What analytical methods are used to quantify C, O, N, and H in a sample? |
(How) Does ICP-OES determine the quantity of detected elements, or just their occurance in the sample? |
I am a high school student . While studying the atomic structure a question raised in my mind. We know that an atom can have the highest limit of 7 bohr energy shells or principle energy shells ; K,L,M,N,O,P,Q respectively. My question is, can there exist any element that consists more than 7 energy shells having more ... |
Can there exist any element which has an 8th principle shell? |
I came across the following part in my text book. Bohr's atomic theory explained the stability of an atom by the idea of energy shells. He said that while orbiting the nucleus through a particular orbit or energy shell the energy of electrons neither increases nor decreases. The electron does not carry energies while o... |
Can someone please explain the bonding in a bridged metal carbonyl (like diiron nonacarbonyl)?
I cannot understand what kind of bonds (sigma/pi) exist between the bridging carbonyls and the metals.
Also why aren't the metals charged in such a case?
What is the bond order in such a case?
Thank You. |
According to [this Wikipedia page][1], Mendeleev originally believed that the inert gases belonged in Group 0 (to the left of the alkali metals). Thus, helium would be placed in the second period to the left of lithium and argon would be placed in the third period to the left of sodium. Apparently this made sense to hi... |
Did Mendeleev predict the existence of neutrinos? |
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