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Which reaction? |
The reaction between p-methylbenzaldehyde and NaOH is an example of:
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A) canizzaro reaction
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B) aldol condensation
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C)Hydrolysis
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D)Haloform reaction
I selected aldol condensation as the given compound is an aldeyd... |
I know that compounds like alcohols can be further oxidized to aldehyde(or even ketones) and to carboxylic acid. But, is carboxylic acid the best oxidized form of a given compound?
What happens when carboxylic acids further reacts with oxidizing agents like KMnO4? |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/CP80T.jpg
The final conc. of the mixture would be less than the initial conc. of the conc. CuSO4 given.
Therefore I think the entropy change is positive. But, what about enthalpy? What factors should I look into to find answer to these type... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/aHBQe.jpg
I know that reaction with bromine in CCl4 will result in vicinal dibromocyclohexane. So the answer is either A or B. But how to decide between A and B? Since its an SN2 reaction it would lead to inversion of the reacting compound.... |
The phenomenon of deliquescence wherein a water soluble substance absorbs water from atmosphere and dissolve in it forming a saturated solution, has thermodynamic roots. I have read the fact that the vapour pressure of the saturated solution should be lower than the the vapour pressure of water at that temperature. Why... |
Thermodynamics behind Deliquescence? |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/aHBQe.jpg
I know that reaction with bromine in CCl4 will result in vicinal dibromocyclohexane. So the answer is either A or B. But how to decide between A and B? Since its an SN2 reaction it would lead to inversion of the reacting compound. D... |
I know that OH(-) is usually a bad leaving group, but why does the following reaction occur via SN1 in presence of anhydrous ZnCl2?
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/oTXum.jpg
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Is it possible to react two distinct carboxylic acids to form a dicarbonyl ester? |
I can't post a comment, so this is not a true answer but I think can help. If I've understand what you mean you want to perform a [Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature-programmed_reduction) followed by a temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). In this case I think this old bo... |
I know that $\ce{OH-}$ is usually a bad leaving group, but why does the following reaction occur via SN1 in presence of anhydrous $\ce{ZnCl2}$?
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/oTXum.jpg
|
I've had my nose in the early literature on GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), which contains a [4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidin-5-one][1] fluorophore, and [in one paper][2] the author refers to the "imidazolidone ring".
I assumed that this change of spelling was equivalent, but I can't find anything that looks r... |
Is there a difference between imidazolidinone and imidazolidone? |
I've had my nose in the early literature on GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), which contains a [4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidin-5-one][1] fluorophore, and [in one paper][2] the author refers to the "imidazolidone ring".
I assumed that this change of spelling was equivalent, but I can't find anything that looks r... |
According to the [NIST ChemBook](http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C120934&Units=SI), **2-imidazolidinone and 2-imidazolidone are synonymous**. The official IUPAC name is 2-imidazolidinone. 1,3-ethyleneurea is also another name for this same molecule:
![2-imidazolidinone][1]
---
But, as you note, ti... |
Why Do Carbonates, Oxides, and Pure Metals Precipitate Before Metal Sulphides? |
As we all know, metallic ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons. If we continually bend or stretch a metal, say, iron, it will break. Does that mean we break the metallic bond in subatomic level? |
Does that mean you break the metallic bond if you break a metal into two pieces? |
Yes, you are breaking metallic bonds. Similarly, when you crush a crystal of salt, you are breaking ionic bonds. There aren't that many good examples of breaking covalent bonds<sup>1</sup>, though breaking a polymer like nylon usually will do it.
The "physical" breaking of bonds is not a very exotic thing. Remember ... |
Do you break the metallic bond when you break a metal into two pieces? |
The [vapour pressure lowering][1] is a consequence of [Raoult's law](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoult's_law) with a non-volatile solute, i.e. a solvent that has zero vapour pressure (or at least, lower vapour pressure than the solvent).
Regarding the second part (*“How can we derive, understand or quantify variou... |
We know that the molecule of H₂O is V-shaped. This is what makes it a dipole.
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/vdU57.png
But why is that? I mean, if the hydrogens have a partial positive charge, then they should try to get away from each other, until they are diametrically... |
Why is H₂O V shaped? |
The ratio of the heat capacities $\frac{C_p}{C_v}$ for one mole of a gas is 1.67. The gas is:
> a) He
> b) H2
> c) CO2
> d) CH4
I know how to answer this by analysing the degrees of freedom of the gas molecule. Is there any other way to derive the ratio? |
I'd go about such a question looking at the easiest thing first: ideal gases. So, what do you know about the relations between $C_{p}$ and $C_{v}$ (both being the molar heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, respectively) for ideal gases? For one thing, it is well known that
\begin{equation}
C_... |
I'd go about such a question looking at the easiest thing first: ideal gases. So, what do you know about the relations between $C_{p}$ and $C_{v}$ (both being the molar heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, respectively) for ideal gases? For one thing, it is well known that
\begin{equation}
C_... |
I'd go about such a question looking at the easiest thing first: ideal gases. So, what do you know about the relations between $C_{p}$ and $C_{v}$ (both being the molar heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, respectively) for ideal gases? For one thing, it is well known that
\begin{equation}
C_... |
Applying an electric potential to impure water splits water into it's constituent H/O.
Does the temperature od the electrolyte change during this lysis? |
Does the temperature of water change during electrolysis? |
Applying an electric potential to impure water splits water into it's constituent H/O.
Does the temperature of the electrolyte change during this lysis? |
Applying an electric potential to impure water splits water into its constituents H/O.
Does the temperature of the electrolyte change during this electrolysis? |
I need to know is real water made up of heavy water which is water by deuterium and soft water which is water by protium?
We know that hydrogen is made up by all Isotopes, including protium and deuterium.
Also we know that real water $H_2O$ is made up by hydrogen and oxygen. ... |
Is real water made up of Heavy water and soft water? |
The purification that occurs when an aqueous solution freezes is called [Fractional Freezing]( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_freezing) and is based on the idea that impurities of a solvent (and this can be any solvent, not just water) have a much lower solubility in the solid phase of the solvent relative to ... |
In AlMg3, magnesium atoms outnumber aluminum atoms by a factor of three. In terms of mass, the ratio of aluminium to magnesium is a mere $27.0 / (3\times24.3) = 0.37$.
*Shouldn't AlMg3 be better called magnesium alloy?* |
Why is AlMg3 called aluminum alloy? |
> Why Do Carbonates, Oxides, and Pure Metals Precipitate Before Metal Sulphides?
They don't. I cannot get to the particular paper you read, but I can provide both a logical and a quantitative argument that the metal sulfides precipitate first. The thermodynamics of this situation do not involve reduction potentials ... |
> Why Do Carbonates, Oxides, and Pure Metals Precipitate Before Metal Sulphides?
They don't. I cannot get to the particular paper you read, but I can provide both a logical and a quantitative argument that the metal sulfides precipitate first. The thermodynamics of this situation do not involve reduction potentials ... |
I need to know, is real water made up of heavy water which is formed with deuterium, and light water which is water by protium?
We know that hydrogen has three major isotopes, including protium and deuterium.
We also know that water, $\ce{H2O}$, is made up by hydrogen and oxygen. ... |
Is real water made up of heavy water and light water? |
Nicotinoyl chloride is only available as its hydrochloride salt.Why nicotinoyl chloride can not be synthesized in free form?How can we seperate nicotinoyl chloride from its salt form?Can we try any base for this purpose? |
why nicotinoyl chloride is available as its hydrochloride salt?How can we seperate it free? |
Nicotinoyl chloride is only available as its hydrochloride salt.
Why can't nicotinoyl chloride be synthesized in free form? How can we seperate nicotinoyl chloride from its salt form? Can we try any base for this purpose? |
Why is nicotinoyl chloride available as its hydrochloride salt? How can we separate them? |
I know that for a carbon to be chiral four different groups should be attached to that particular carbon. But, what about in the case of cyclic compounds? What's the method to check chirality if the carbon is not sp3 hybridized and only three,or two groups are attached to it(through double or triple bonds)? |
Look at the molecular structure of benzene:
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/vTvAI.gif
It's a perfect hexagon. Why aren't there any molecules arranged in a triangular fashion with bonds forming the edges and the molecules the vertices? Or, for that matter, square molecules?... |
Why aren't there any triangular molecules? |
Water tends to leach metals near the surface and deposit them deeper through precipitation in two layers. The upper layer is usually made of Metal Carbonates, Oxides and occasionally pure or native metals, while the second and deeper layer is metal sulphides. The following exerpt is summarized above.
Source: "[Secon... |
I know that for a carbon to be chiral four different groups should be attached to that particular carbon. But, what about in the case of cyclic compounds? What's the method to check chirality if the carbon is not $\mathrm{sp}^3$ hybridized and only three, or two groups are attached to it (through double or triple bonds... |
In a recent Mythbusters episode, where they tested some Breaking Bad chemistry assertions, they debunked the hydrofluoric acid body-dissolving myth referenced elsewhere in Chemistry.SE in the question "http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/4877/is-it-actually-possible-to-dispose-of-a-body-with-hydrofluoric-acid/... |
What's the technical term for supercharging an acid with an oxidizer? And does it always work? |
In a recent Mythbusters episode, where they tested some Breaking Bad chemistry assertions, they debunked the hydrofluoric acid body-dissolving myth referenced elsewhere in Chemistry.SE in the question "http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/4877/is-it-actually-possible-to-dispose-of-a-body-with-hydrofluoric-acid/... |
For a homework assignment on significant digits, I have to find the number of significant digits in the number 0.40 * 10^3. I know that in scientific notation, the number of significant digits is equal to the number of digits in the stem. However, I've also learned that for a number to be in scientific notation, it mus... |
For a homework assignment on significant digits, I have to find the number of significant digits in the number $0.40 \times 10^3$. I know that in scientific notation, the number of significant digits is equal to the number of digits in the stem. However, I've also learned that for a number to be in scientific notation,... |
In a recent Mythbusters episode, where they tested some Breaking Bad chemistry assertions, they debunked the hydrofluoric acid body-dissolving myth referenced elsewhere in Chemistry.SE in the question "http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/4877/is-it-actually-possible-to-dispose-of-a-body-with-hydrofluoric-acid/... |
Why can't you make potassium chlorate using the chloride anion from the potassium chloride and having oxygen bond with it from hydrogen peroxide?
Thank you very much! |
**Do not attempt!** Peroxide is not a strong enough oxidant to oxidize chloride ion to chlorate. Neither is oxygen. However, peroxide can oxidize chloride to poisonous chlorine gas.
Redox reactions are spontaneous if the two half reactions would produce a [positive potential in a galvanic cell.][1] Most redox half r... |
Why is NH4- an anion and NH3 is not? |
Why do compounds like SF6 and SF4 exist but SH6 and SH4 don't? |
What does **5%** aqueous solution of glucose mean? Note that it's just **5%** and not **5%w/w**. Do we assume it to be w/w?
The question is
>If the osmotic pressure of 5% aqueous soultion of glucose is $\pi_1$ and that of 5% aqueous solution of urea is $\pi_2$ then:
>A) $\pi_1=\pi_2$
>B) $\pi_1<\pi_2$
>C)... |
Is it possible to create an acid anhydride that's stable in water and if so what conditions must its structure satisfy? |
Looking for the structure of 2-methylimidazolate, I find conflicting results:
- this page on [sodium 2-methylimidazolate](http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=87677887&viewopt=PubChem) gives:
![enter image description here][1]
- this other page on [cadmium 2-methylimidazolate](http://www.chems... |
What is the structure of 2-methylimidazolate? |
I don't know of any acid anhydride that has completely stability in water, but I think **the best way to stabilize them would be to choose a cyclic one**, which would therefore favor the anhydride form because it makes a closed ring structure. Looking in that direction, it seems that [phthalic anhydride](http://en.wiki... |
I guess that Sodium loses an electron so has an oxidation state of 1+ and that oxygen has an oxidation state of 2-. But what oxidation state does the aluminium atom have in sodium aluminate (NaAlO2)? |
What oxidation state does Aluminium have in NaAlO2? |
I guess that Sodium loses an electron so has an oxidation state of +1 and that oxygen has an oxidation state of –2. But what oxidation state does the aluminium atom have in sodium aluminate (NaAlO<sub>2</sub>)? |
I've read [this](http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130827091636.htm) today. From the little I know, they discover new elements by bombarding some atoms in particle accelerators (I guess) and these new elements last a few miliseconds. So what's the insight they reveal to us? Why are these discoveries useful?
... |
Why search new elements? |
Why is AgCl less soluble than AgNO3? |
What are the mechanisms for capture of As(III) and As(V) by magnetite from water? |
I've read [this](http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130827091636.htm) today. From the little I know, they discover new elements by bombarding some atoms in particle accelerators (I guess) and these new elements last a few miliseconds. So what's the insight they reveal to us? Why are these discoveries useful? |
If pH of the solution is zero, what would be the normality of 250ml H2SO4 solution?
My work:
pH = 0, hence the concentration of H+ ions is 1, which implies that the molarity of the solution is 1M hence the normality of the solution must be 2N.
Is this correct?
|
If pH of the solution is zero, what would be the normality of $250 \, \text{ml}$ $\ce{H2SO4}$ solution?
My work:
$\text{pH} = 0$, hence the concentration of $\ce{H+}$ ions is $1 \, \frac{\text{mol}}{\text{L}}$, which implies that the molarity of the solution is 1M hence the normality of the solution must be $2 \, \... |
What is it about the relationship between the Fe2+ and Fe3+ in magnetite that makes it diamagnetic? |
Why is arsenous acid denoted H3AsO3? |
Bonding in C2, a carbon-carbon quadruple bond? |
How would I calculate the Normality of a 0.00167 molar solution of KIO3? |
Are dicarbonyl amides stable in water? |
The standard compound with your formula is [diacetylamide](http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C625774&Units=CAL&Mask=8):
![enter image description here][1]
I expect it to be unstable in water, just like anhydrides. I cannot, however, find a definitive reference on that. The NIST page linked above has a v... |
Let's assume a setup with a static linear molecule with three identical atoms connected by bonds and a single atom, identical to the other three, being shot at the molecule. Let's also assume that everything happens in 1D and can therefore be illustrated by this simple scheme:
(projectile) A -> A-A-A (molecule)
... |
How can we prepare nicotinoyl glycine from nicotinic acid ?Is that possible by reaction between nicotinic acid and glycine? |
The wiki tells me that if you heat carbon at atmospheric pressure it eventually turns directly into a gas without being liquid first. At what pressure can you make liquid carbon? Has anyone actually ever studied liquid carbon? Surprisingly a web search did not answer these questions. |
What is known about liquid carbon? |
Carbon has no liquid form at atmospheric pressure. Is this unique amongst naturally occurring elements?
The more interesting and vague question is, is this property somehow important or related to the many other amazing properties carbon has on Earth or just a coincidence?
(I couldn't find good tags for this.) |
Which elements have no liquid form at atmospheric pressure? |
I am trying to make a copper sulfate electroplating solution. I came across a [document][1] (Schlesinger and Paunovic 2011) which mentions the amount of copper sulfate that should be added to water to create such a solution. In Table 2.1 on the bottom of page 35, it has two columns: one for conventional solutions and o... |
What are high throw solutions? |
Carbon has no liquid form at atmospheric pressure. Is this unique amongst naturally occurring elements?
The more interesting and vague question is, is this property somehow important or related to the many other amazing properties carbon has on Earth or just a coincidence?
|
Maximum work from a voltaic cell? |
Beryllium chloride's geometric structure is linear, with a bond angle of 180 degrees. Drawing the Lewis dot structure for this covalent compound, one can see that the compound is electron deficient and requires two lone pairs to achieve stability. As a result it is a strong Lewis acid. Since water has two lone pairs an... |
Beryllium chloride - Highly hydrolysable? |
I am trying to make a copper sulfate electroplating solution. I came across a [document][1] (Schlesinger and Paunovic 2011) which mentions the amount of copper sulfate that should be added to water to create such a solution. In Table 2.1 on the bottom of page 35, it has two columns: one for conventional solutions and o... |
Water has a very high heat of vaporization (2260 kJ per kg). Why not just gradually sprinkle water on your roof to keep the building cool in opposed to using air conditioners?
It wouldn't take much water to keep the building a few degrees cooler for a long time. Air conditioners use a lot of electricity which is bad... |
Index of hydrogen deficiency dont really get it can someone use an example to explain? which is my H reference and which is my H molecule? I know IHD= (H reference - H molecule)/2 |
"This question seems rhetorically posed: how can you justify calling your solution better and cheaper without having run the numbers? – Aesin 1 hour ago"
A central air conditioning system for a house takes about 3500 watts.
http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/howmuch.html
1 watt = 1 J/sec so that's about 1,2... |
I'm curious to know, what exactly does the 3, 4 part of 3, 4 methelynedioxymethamphetamine represent? |
My textbook begins the Chemical Kinetics section by describing the initial rates method of determining the rate of reaction. I understood it as the following (for a first order reaction):
$$A\rightarrow B+C$$
$$rate_i=k[A]_i$$
The subscript $i$ shows that it is the initial rate. This I agree with, as it is suggested... |
How does initial rate of reaction imply rate of reaction at any time? |
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