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I am programming a simulation, and I need a good name for a data structure that stores pairs $(c, R)$, where $c$ is the stechiometric coefficient of a reactant $R$ in some chemical reaction. Is there a name for these pairs $(c, R)$ in chemistry? |
Is there a name for the pair $(c, R)$, where $c$ is the stechiometric cofficient of a reactant $R$ in some chemical reaction? |
I am programming a simulation, and I need a good name for a data structure that stores pairs $(c, R)$, where $c$ is the stoichiometric coefficient of a reactant $R$ in some chemical reaction. Is there a name for these pairs $(c, R)$ in chemistry? |
Is there a name for the pair (c, R), where c is the stoichiometric coefficient of a reactant R in some chemical reaction? |
What happens when Ammonia is added to an (aq) solution of Copper II Chloride?
CuCl2 + NH3 ------> ? |
How do ligands and coordination complex work? |
What happens when Ammonia is added to an (aq) solution of copper II chloride?
$\ce{CuCl2 + NH3 ->\; ?}$ |
How do ligands and coordination complexes work in this case with copper (II) chloride? |
What happens when Ammonia is added to an (aq) solution of copper II chloride?
$\ce{CuCl2 + NH3 ->\; ?}$
I know that ligands bond with metals to form ion but I'm not sure about how they work in a reaction.
|
Lipids are usually consisted of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. I look up how it looks like![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YS0H3.gif
So how is it not a polar molecules? OH side has negative charge, and carbon hydron chain side has positive |
Lipids usually consist of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. I looked up what they look like![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YS0H3.gif
So how is it not a polar molecule? The $\ce{-OH}$ side has negative charge, and the hydrocarbon side chain has a positive charge. |
What is the structure of a lipid and why is this example non-polar? |
In learned that when benzene undergoes hydrogenation, $208KJ$ of energy is given off and thus $152KJ$ less energy than what would be given off if Kekule's structure was correct. My confusion is that my book says that this $152KJ$ of energy is required to break the delocalized electron cloud- this does not make sense to... |
Let's sum it up :)
1. When cyclohexene is hydrogenated, $\mathrm{-120\, kJ\cdot mol^{-1}}$ is released.
2. When 1,3-cyclohexadiene is hydrogenated, $\mathrm{-232\, kJ\cdot mol^{-1}}$ is released. That's pretty close to 240, so it looks that the energies for the hydrogenation of the double bonds *sum up*. So far... |
Nodes are the points in space around a nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is zero. Then, What actually is a **radial node** and an **angular node** structurally,and what information do they provide of an atom? |
**1. It all depends on the $\text{p}K_{\text{in}}$ of the indicator.**
If we look at the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
$$\text{pH} = \text{p}K_{\text{a}} + \log \left( \frac{[\ce{A-}]}{[\ce{HA}]} \right) $$
You can see that when $\text{pH}=\text{p}K_{\text{a}}$, then logarithm part must equal 0. This occurs ... |
**1. It all depends on the $\text{p}K_{\text{in}}$ of the indicator.**
If we look at the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
$$\text{pH} = \text{p}K_{\text{a}} + \log \left( \frac{[\ce{A-}]}{[\ce{HA}]} \right) $$
You can see that when $\text{pH}=\text{p}K_{\text{a}}$, then logarithm part must equal 0. This occurs ... |
I know the pH, pressure, temperature and concentration of the solution. Is there a method I can use to work out the amount of H+ ions? |
How do I work out the amount of H+ ions in a sodium hydroxide and water solution? |
An (aq) Ag+ can be written as [Ag(H2O)2]+ but how would you know that it bonds with 2 water molecules?
|
How is an aqueous Ag + the same as [Ag(H2O)2]+? |
$\ce{Ag^{+}_{(aq)}}$ can be written as $\ce{[Ag(H2O)2]+}$ but how would you know that it bonds with 2 water molecules?
|
How is an aqueous Ag+ the same as [Ag(H2O)2]+? |
I know the $pH$, pressure, temperature and concentration of the solution. Is there a method I can use to work out the amount of $\ce{H+}$ ions? |
Why does the Hydrogen proton "prefer" to join the H2O molecule instead of remaining bonded to the Chlorine atom? |
Why does HCl ionize in water? |
$\ce{Ag^{+}_{(aq)}}$ can be written as $\ce{[Ag(H2O)2]+}$ but how would you know that it bonds with 2 water molecules?
I don't get when ligands randomly form 6, 4, 2 bonds.
|
Why does the Hydrogen proton "prefer" to join the $\ce{H2O}$ molecule instead of remaining bonded to the chlorine atom? |
Most solubility references say that there are "few" insoluble salts of alkali metals (http://goo.gl/eq2Uf).
Are there _any_ exceptions? |
I have been told that the multipole moments of rank 0,1,2,3,...n have respectively 1,3,5,7,...2n+1 components which transform like the spherical harmonics of rank 0,1,2,3,...n. How do I use the character tables to determine the lowest rank non-vanishing multipole moment for the following molecules: H2O, BF3, CF4, CO2, ... |
I have been told that the multipole moments of rank 0,1,2,3,...n have respectively 1,3,5,7,...2n+1 components which transform like the spherical harmonics of rank 0,1,2,3,...n. How do I use the character tables to determine the lowest rank non-vanishing multipole moment for the following molecules: $\ce{H2O, BF3, CF4, ... |
When I poured hot tea into a cup, the cup shattered after about three seconds. The cup was made of glass. It was pretty thin. How did the glass and the tea react in terms of chemicals. This is a bit odd because wasn't heat applied to sand in order to make glass, shouldn't the glass break up into the reactants that made... |
Why does glass shatter when heat is applied to it? |
Is there a specific way to know how two or more molecules will react? An example that prompted this question: (HOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 NaOH → (NaOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 H2O (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonate#Production). How the hell can you know how those molecules will react? Is it just a bunch of substitutions, with... |
Is there a specific way to know how two or more molecules will react?
An example that prompted this question: $\ce{(HOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 NaOH → (NaOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 H2O}$ (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonate#Production). How can you know how those molecules will react? Is it just a bunch of substitutions, wi... |
What aspects of a molecule's chemical makeup determine which portions of it will react? |
Is there a specific way to know how two or more arbitrary molecules will react?
An example that prompted this question: $\ce{(HOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 NaOH → (NaOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 H2O}$ (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonate#Production). How can you know how those molecules will react? Is it just a bunch of substit... |
Let me answer with a question (or two):
How do you identify in an electric circuit which parts are just the wiring and which are *functional parts*?
How's that for a mechanical engine? Can you tell cogwheels and cranks from "just the basic structure"?
It's all about **pattern recognition** in the first to iden... |
Let me answer with a question (or two):
How do you identify in an electric circuit which parts are just the wiring and which are *functional parts*?
How's that for a mechanical engine? Can you tell cogwheels and cranks from "just the basic structure"?
It's all about **pattern recognition** in the first to iden... |
Is there a specific way to know how two or more arbitrary molecules will react?
An example that prompted this question: $\ce{(HOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 NaOH → (NaOC6H4)2CMe2 + 2 H2O}$ (from [here][1]). How can you know how those molecules will react? Is it just a bunch of substitutions, with certain atoms in the reacting mo... |
This is not a chemical process.
Objects typically expand when heated. Think in railway profiles in the summer, think in loosening a stuck nut by heating it with a blowtorch.
However, when the material is under stress and a bad heat conductor, unevenly heating will result in cracking.
While it is a pity for the... |
I've read that when a certain amount of UV light is shone on a metal surface, electrons are ejected (the photoelectric effect).
Are these electrons from the metal atoms themselves? and in case they are - what happens to the metal atoms seen as they have lost an electron? (Are they chemically different?) |
This will probably sound like a stupid question to those who know the answer but different websites say different things on the matter.
<b> For example: </b>
<a href="http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistrystudentfaqs/f/What-Is-Pitchblende.htm"> This Website </a> Holds that pitchblende is also known by the name... |
Is pitchblende the same as Uraninite? |
![red-ox reaction][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/SkPge.jpg
in the picture in the product we have neutral material , but in the illustration of molecule structure, the compound is shown in it's ions, why we can't show it in it's ions even in the equation or if we can't so why in this molecule structure it ... |
what is reduction oxidation reactions? |
Different websites say different things on the matter.
<b> For example: </b>
<a href="http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistrystudentfaqs/f/What-Is-Pitchblende.htm"> This Website </a> Holds that pitchblende is also known by the name Uraninite.
<a href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pitchblende">This Websit... |
I search all over the web and found a lot of diverse explanations but none of them are concluding exactly wheter $FeS_{2}$ (solid - pyrite) is a covalent or an ionic compound.
From electronegativity, it should be covalent as the $\Delta\mathcal{X}=0,7$ which is less than 1,5 and thus said to make covalent bonds and... |
Is pyrite ($FeS_{2}$) an ionic or a covalent compound? |
I have searched all over the web and found a lot of diverse explanations, but none of them are concluding exactly whether $\ce{FeS2}$ (solid - pyrite) is a covalent or an ionic compound.
From electronegativity, it should be covalent as the $\Delta\mathcal{X}=0,7$ which is less than 1.5 and thus said to make covalen... |
Is pyrite ($\ce{FeS2}$) an ionic or a covalent compound? |
I have searched all over the web and found a lot of diverse explanations, but none of them are concluding exactly whether $\ce{FeS2}$ (solid - pyrite) is a covalent or an ionic compound.
From electronegativity, it should be covalent as the $\Delta\mathcal{X}=0,7$ which is less than $1,5$ and thus said to make coval... |
![red-ox reaction][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/SkPge.jpg
in the picture, the product is a neutral material, but in the illustration of the molecular structure, the compound is shown in its ions, why we can't show it in its ions even in the equation or if we can't, why in this molecular structure it is s... |
what are reduction oxidation reactions? |
I have searched all over the web and found a lot of diverse explanations, but none of them are concluding exactly whether $\ce{FeS2}$ (solid - pyrite) is a covalent or an ionic compound.
From electronegativity, it should be covalent as the $\Delta\mathcal{X}=0.7$ which is less than $1.5$ and thus said to make coval... |
Is pyrite (FeS2) an ionic or a covalent compound? |
The half-life of the first order reaction, A → products, is 33.8 s. What was the original concentration, [A]O in mol/L, if after 2.5 minutes, the concentration of A is 0.0796 mol/L? Round your answer to three significant figures.
I think the formular is 1/(A)t = kt + 1/(A)0
So I tried 1/33.8s = (0.0796)
so i... |
For a very large-scale project, I am trying to create a greenhouse gas demonstration device, which rapidly produces greenhouse gases from atmospheric air using only electricity, or any chemical reactions or chains of chemical reactions that can attain their input energy from electricity. At the intake would be a very p... |
How could I create a machine that as rapidly as possible creates greenhouse gases from air? |
Every definition I see of Van der Waals interactions claim that they are short-range, nonspecific interactions between two chemical species. What does "nonspecific" mean in this context? |
For a first order reaction $\ce{A ->[k]P}$, the rate constant is given with
$$k = - \frac{d[A]}{dt} $$
So, at any time $t$, the concentation $[A]_t$ is
$$[A]_t = [A]_0 \cdot e^{-kt}$$
At the half-live time $t_{1/2}$, $[A]_t = \frac{1}{2}[A]_0$, isn't it?
Would you agree that we can calculate $k$ usin... |
At 1 atm. it is difficult create stable plasma, because breakdown voltage is very high.
Your electrodes are located at least 10-15 cm I think, and it is simply you do not have enough electrical potential between them to create initial plasma channel.
Then pressure goes down, voltage is fixed. When you reach breakd... |
There are 3 forces that could be named as van der Waals' force (see [wikipedia article][1])
What is common between them? The common between them is that these interactions are electrostatic interactions between dipoles of different nature (permanent dipoles, induced dipoles). And electrostatic interaction is not spe... |
I'm curious as to the role of molecular oxygen in Suzuki homocoupling reactions, as discussed [here](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja0569959).
In a standard Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, molecular oxygen is not required. However, this paper claims that the homocoupling reaction will not proceed in an Argon e... |
There are 3 forces that could be named as van der Waals' force (see [wikipedia article][1])
What is common between them? The common between them is that these interactions are electrostatic interactions between dipoles of different nature (permanent dipoles, induced dipoles). And electrostatic interaction is not spe... |
I am not sure if this is a chemistry question; however, I was wondering:
In my desk I have two plastic, zip-lock bags. One contains cinnamon tea, the other contains nuts.
After about a week of these bags being next to each other, the flavor of the cinnamon somehow leached through both bags and now the nuts taste... |
Cinnamaldehyde dissolves in and diffuses through most polymers within sensory threshold. Use glass containers with lined metal caps. Isn't ground up tree bark amazing?
|
**The Equation of Interest**
The energy equation derived from the "Particle in a 1-D box" problem is as follows:
$E=\dfrac{n^2h^2}{8mL^2}$
where $n$ is the principle quantum number, $h$ is Planck's constant, $m$ is the mass of the particle (e.g. electron), and $L$ is the length of region of space (i.e. box).
... |
>*So we cannot stop here as quantum theory and classical mechanics are virtually indistinguishable (with respect to raw energies) at this point correct?
This is wrong. Just because you can't immediately, instinctively comprehend the difference between the $10^{-18}\ \mathrm{J}$ and $10^{-71}\ \mathrm{J}$ and there... |
>*So we cannot stop here as quantum theory and classical mechanics are virtually indistinguishable (with respect to raw energies) at this point correct?
This is wrong. Just because you can't immediately, instinctively comprehend the difference between the $10^{-18}\ \mathrm{J}$ and $10^{-71}\ \mathrm{J}$ and there... |
I am running an immunoassay using biotinylated antibodies and have noticed a decreasing trend from duplicate assay runs (completed within minutes of eachother) from the same vial.
In between each run:
1.) I switch to a new low protein binding pipette tip
2.) I vortex the biotinylated antibody in solution in a l... |
Can I damage a biotinylated antibody in solution by vortexing or mixing too vigorously? |
In the redox reaction, where **HCl is the excess reactant** do these reactions produce:
HCl + SnCl2 + KMnO4 -----> Sn+4 + Mn+2 + Cl- + H+
So would this reactant produce all ions or are the products incorrect?
This is a redox reaction where KMnO4 was added to HCl and SnCl2 (hydrochloric acid was simply used as ... |
For the redox reaction, HCl + SnCl2 + KMnO4 , what are the reactants? |
KMnO4 + SnCl2 + HCl → KCl + MnCl2 + SnCl4 + H2O
Oxidation states are for reactants:
K = +2
Mn = +6
O = -2
Sn = +2
Cl = -1
H = +1
Oxidation states for products:
K = +1
Cl = -1
Mn = +2
Sn = +4
H = +1
O = -2
This is a redox reaction carried in acidic solution. $SnCl_2$ and $KM... |
In the redox reaction, where **HCl is the excess reactant** do these reactions produce following half rxns?
half:
SnCl2 ----> Sn+4 + 2e-
&
8H+ + KMnO4 + 5e- -----> Mn+2 + 4H20
Where does the HCl come into play here, or do you consider it at the end when you have a final equation?
This is a redox rea... |
For the redox reaction, HCl + SnCl2 + KMnO4 , what are the products? |
KMnO4 + SnCl2 + HCl → KCl + MnCl2 + SnCl4 + H2O
Oxidation states are for reactants:
K = +2
Mn = +6
O = -2
Sn = +2
Cl = -1
H = +1
Oxidation states for products:
K = +1
Cl = -1
Mn = +2
Sn = +4
H = +1
O = -2
This is a redox reaction carried in acidic solution. $SnCl_2$ and $KM... |
KMnO4 + SnCl2 + HCl → KCl + MnCl2 + SnCl4 + H2O
Oxidation states are for reactants:
K = +1
Mn = +7
O = -2
Sn = +2
Cl = -1
H = +1
Oxidation states for products:
K = +1
Cl = -1
Mn = +2
Sn = +4
H = +1
O = -2
This is a redox reaction carried in acidic solution. $SnCl_2$ and $KM... |
KMnO4 + SnCl2 + HCl → KCl + MnCl2 + SnCl4 + H2O
Oxidation states are for reactants:
K = +1
Mn = +7
O = -2
Sn = +2
Cl = -1
H = +1
Oxidation states for products:
K = +1
Cl = -1
Mn = +2
Sn = +4
H = +1
O = -2
This is a redox reaction carried in acidic solution. $SnCl_2$ and $KM... |
In the redox reaction, where **HCl is the excess reactant** do these reactions produce following half rxns?
half:
$$\ce{SnCl2 -> Sn^{4+} + 2e-}$$
&
$$\ce{8H+ + KMnO4 + 5e- -> Mn^{2+} + 4H2O}$$
Where does the HCl come into play here, or do you consider it at the end when you have a final equation?
Th... |
>without resorting to recasing the results into a physical property such as velocity?
The energy is a perfectly physical property. In fact, for many quantum mechanical systems, the energy is the easiest physical property to measure.
>can the raw energetics simply be used to make a proper comparison between quant... |
Reading about the light emitting reaction of luciferin + ATP, catalysed by luciferase I am confused about the following.
On [this webpage][1] the partial formula is written as:
luciferin + ATP → luciferyl adenylate + PPi
which seems to me like a one way reaction.
But on searching on Google "luciferase ATP e... |
I have dilutions of different samples, which are made with 0.1 M HNO3. Only I left them on the lab table for a few days and one turned yellow.
So my question is why would one turn yellow and not the other ones? They all have the same concentration of sample. The matrix in all the samples are the same. The difference ... |
Why does nitric acid not turn yellow everytime? |
I have dilutions of different samples, which are made with 0.1 M $\ce{HNO3}$. Only I left them on the lab table for a few days and one turned yellow.
So my question is why would one turn yellow and not the other ones? They all have the same concentration of sample. The matrix in all the samples are the same. The di... |
I was reading the p-block elements and found this fancy thing used everywhere in this topic. But the book does not explain it very well. So,
What is Inert Pair effect? Give full explanation and also with example. |
What is Inert Pair effect? |
Recently I noticed that some of our glasses and cutlery had developed a blue-ish deposit as you can see for the two sets of spoons below. For each set the spoon on the left has the blue-ish deposit whereas the spoon on the right is the original.
![Blue-ish deposit on spoons][1]
I traced the cause of this blue-ish... |
What chemical reaction can cause this blue-ish deposit? |
Usually the first step in describing the electronic wave function of a molecule or atom is to describe it with a single Slater determinant. I get that this is an independent particle approximation, and that in the context of Hartree-Fock, each electron moves in the average field of the other electrons. That's fine.
... |
Why are excited Slater determinants used to describe electron correlation? |
The question is :If 2.0*10^-4 moles of dye in 50 mL of solution is consumed in 188 seconds, what is the average rate of consumption of dye in mol/L.s?
I am not sure if I have done this correctly. I use the rate of reaction formula which is Rate = -D[A]/Dt There is a negative sign because the dye is being consumed an... |
I am just about to start my senior project synthesis of PbS quantum dots and we ordered the wrong lead acetate. The method calls for lead II acetate and we got lead IV acetate? If we use the lead IV acetate will our synthesis be contaminated and not work or can we still use that chemical with 2 extra acetates attatched... |
If synthesizing PbS nanocrystals will there be any problems if I use lead IV acetate instead of lead II acetate? |
You might run into problems. $\ce{Pb(OAc)4}$ is a pretty strong oxidant!
What will be your sulfide source? Are you sure that it isn't oxidized to sulfur under these conditions? |
You might run into problems. $\ce{Pb(OAc)4}$ is a pretty strong oxidant!
What will be your sulfide source? Are you sure that it isn't oxidized these conditions? |
You might run into problems. $\ce{Pb(OAc)4}$ is a pretty strong oxidant!
What will be your sulfide source? Are you sure that it isn't oxidized these conditions?
**Edit**
At least N,N'-diarylthioureas are efficiently desulfurized by lead tetraacetate and furnish ureas (and sulfur) via a carbodiimide intermedia... |
You might run into problems. $\ce{Pb(OAc)4}$ is a pretty strong oxidant!
What will be your sulfide source? Are you sure that it isn't oxidized these conditions?
**Edit 1**
At least N,N'-diarylthioureas are efficiently desulfurized by lead tetraacetate and furnish ureas (and sulfur) via a carbodiimide intermed... |
According to Graham's Law, the effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. However, consider this situation:
We have 1 balloon with 1 mole of neon gas and another with 2 moles of neon gas. The gases are in thermal equilibrium and occupy the same volume. In this s... |
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