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>Why do $\ce{NaHCO3}$ and $\ce{KHCO3}$ have different crystal structures?
We had this in a test today and this got me stumped...
My questions are:
* Do $\ce{NaHCO3}$ and $\ce{KHCO3}$ possess crystal structures?
* If they do, why should they have different crystal structures, because they are in the same group... |
Why do $\ce{NaHCO3}$ and $\ce{KHCO3}$ have different crystal structures? |
Please consider 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline
What is the molecular geometry of the nitrogen lone pair? Is the lone pair oriented in-plane with the ring? How is this distinct from the orientation carbon-acetyl bond on the other end of the C = N double-bond? |
Let us consider this *qualitatively* with crystal field theory (CFT). Co is a transition metal with $d^7$ configuration. CFT says that depending on the geometry of the metal complex, the d-orbital energies will split into different energy levels. If the ligands (in this case, the four $\ce{SCN-}$ ligands) align with ce... |
Please consider 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline
What is the molecular geometry of the nitrogen lone pair? Is the lone pair oriented in-plane with the ring? How is this distinct from the orientation carbon-acetyl bond, which should presumably point out-of-plane with the ring... |
Let us consider this *qualitatively* with crystal field theory (CFT). Co is a transition metal with $d^7$ configuration. CFT says that depending on the geometry of the metal complex, the d-orbital energies will split into different energy levels. If the ligands (in this case, the four $\ce{SCN-}$ ligands) align with ce... |
I was trying to normalize the wave function
$$
\psi (x) = \begin{cases} 0 & x<-b \\ A & -b \leq x \leq 3b \\ 0 & x>3b
\end{cases}
$$
This is done simply by evaluating
$$
\int\limits_{-b}^{3b} \lvert \psi (x) \rvert^2 dx = 1
$$
I found that
$$
A = \pm \frac{\sqrt{b}}{2}
$$
This gives the norma... |
I have recently started reading about colour in organic molecules and come across conjugation of pi bonds. My question is pretty short... In transition metal ions I understand colour is caused by molecules jumping between the d sub orbitals as a result of ligand splitting them. The concept of excitation easily applies ... |
How are electrons in conjugated molecules excited? |
I have heard of of a special system which specially deals with naming of organic compounds.
How do we get names such as 2-methylpropan-1-ol.
I have tried googling it and found few links but their explanation was way above my head. I also asked my teacher about the same question and he said this is not required in you... |
How are Organic Compounds named? |
What is Radox reaction? Is it really possible? |
I can't seem to find the answer in google, which is surprising.
I'm aware that ionic compounds dissolve into electrolytes. However, when non-ionic sacarose for example dissolves in water, does the sacarose crystals break into single atoms as well or does it stays as a whole molecule hydrogen-bonding with water? What... |
How do non-ionic compounds dissolve into water? Into molecules or atoms? |
I was a reading a book that a senior gave me, it said that redox is a type of reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place. I know about oxidation but not reduction. After googling reduction reaction I found it's simply just the opposite. But then how can a reduction and oxidation take place together? It w... |
What is Redox reaction? Is it really possible? |
What is the structure of FeSO4.NO...That is formed when NO is passed through ferrous sulphate solution.If it is brown ring complex why does the complex sphere break on heating to give NO....in general when do the complex spheres break ? |
What is the structure of $\ce{FeSO4 \cdot NO}$ that is formed when $\ce{NO}$ is passed through ferrous sulphate solution? If it is brown ring complex, why does the complex sphere break on heating to give $\ce{NO}$? In general, when do the complex spheres break ? |
I can't seem to find the answer in google, which is surprising.
I'm aware that ionic compounds dissolve into electrolytes. However, when non-ionic sacarose for example dissolves in water, does the sacarose crystals break into single atoms as well or does it stay as a whole molecule in water? What does exactly happen... |
Why strong acids have weak conjugate acid? |
All chemical processes are reversible at least to some extent.
Keeping this in mind, a strong acid must have a weak conjugate _base_ (I think you mean strong acids have weak conjugate bases).
Why? Let's try proof by contradiction. If a strong acid _had_ a _strong conjugate base_, then the base would quickly re-a... |
All chemical processes are reversible at least to some extent.
Keeping this in mind, a strong acid must have a weak conjugate _base_ (I think you mean strong acids have weak conjugate bases).
Why? Let's try proof by contradiction. If a strong acid _had_ a _strong conjugate base_, then the base would quickly re-a... |
This question was in my exam and all I could tell was that it is related to high angle strain as the angle is $60^\circ$ in stead of required $109.5^\circ$. No book I have read mentions this. Also, what is the product formed? |
Why does cyclopropane give bromine water test? |
Why do strong acids have weak conjugate bases? |
The original question was:
>How do I find the number of structural and configurational isomers of a given compound?
is there any formula?
For a specific example, how would I find the number of structural and configurational isomers of a bromo compound $\ce{C5H9Br}$ formed by addition of $\ce{HBr}$ to 2-pentyne |
Is there a mathematical generalization for the number of isomers (structural and configurational) of a given compound? |
dm^3 atm is the unit of Energy. 1 dm^3 atm is equal to how many calories? |
As I said in my comment, the mathematical way to solve this kind of problem relies on Graph Theory. This article ([Applications of Graph Theory in Chemistry][1]) reviews the problem and further more.
If you google 'isomer' and 'graph theory' you will find anything you want about this exciting topic. But for generic ... |
An organic compound contains 71.7% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, 10.4% nitrogen and 11.8% oxygen. determine its empirical formula and molecular formula? [vapour density of compound is 67.5]
I have found out empirical formula, but to find out molecular formula we require molecular weight which is not given in the question. |
An organic compound contains 71.7% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, 10.4% nitrogen and 11.8% oxygen. determine its empirical formula and molecular formula? [vapour density of compound is 67.5]
I have found out empirical formula, but to find out molecular formula we require molecular mass which is not given in the question. |
An organic compound contains 71.7% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, 10.4% nitrogen and 11.8% oxygen. determine its empirical formula and molecular formula? [vapour density of compound is 67.5]
I have found out empirical formula which is $C_8H_9NO$
but to find out molecular formula we require molecular mass which is not giv... |
**PREFACE:** I am no expert on this topic. My questions at the bottom may be off base. I have some experience with symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) when it comes to analyzing intermolecular interactions. The total interaction energy of a system can be quantified in four different energy components includi... |
I'm wondering if *any* reaction pathway exists (not involving enzymes) to do the following: http://picpaste.com/upload.php, in aqueous solvent at temperatures < ~100°C. To clarify, it's important however that the reaction is concerted, and that the W - X and Y - Z bonds are not broken until both the W-Y and X-Z bonds ... |
Does anything like this covalent concerted bond exchange reaction exist? |
I'm wondering if *any* reaction pathway exists (not involving enzymes) to do the following in aqueous solvent at temperatures < ~100°C:
![enter image description here][1]
To clarify, it's important however that the reaction is concerted, and that the W - X and Y - Z bonds are not broken until both the W-Y and X-... |
A volumetric flask does not look like an Erlenmyer, but has more of a pear shape. Is it just to distiguish more easily between them while they're on the shelf? |
Why is a volumetric flask shaped the way it is? |
A volumetric flask does not look like an Erlenmeyer flask, but has more of a pear shape. Is it just to distinguish more easily between them while they are on the shelf? |
What is Inversion Temperature in terms of Joule Thomson Effect? Does Critical Temperature depend upon Inversion Temperature? |
I think your guess for P is correct, we just don't know whether it is 2- or 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid. Reaction of thionyl chloride with the hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain can proceed with retention or inversion of configuration depending on reaction conditions, but the point is, if P is optically active, then Q will... |
![enter image description here][1]
I want to do Wurtz reaction of the following compound. [Wikipedia][2] suggests to do intramolecular reaction. While R remember reading somewhere that $Br$ part is more reactive and hence we should do intermolecular reaction attach two Carbons where $Br$ was attached.
I am in a d... |
A compound $\ce X$ of formula $\ce{C2H5NO2}$ on treatment with $\ce {HNO2}(\ce{NaNO2}+\ce{HCl})$ gives off an inactive gas $\ce Y$ and forms $\ce Z$. When heated with soda lime, $\ce X$ gives $\ce{A(CH5N)}$ soluble in acid. Find the true statements :
1. $\ce A$ answers carbylamine test.
2. $\ce X$ is an amino ac... |
Doesn't methyl amine give carbylamine test? |
I myself while searching and talking to my dad found the answer.Sounds weird, sorry for posting.
THE NAMES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
***Cracking the code***
A modern organic name is simply a code. Each part of the name gives you some useful information about the compound.
For example, to understand the name 2-me... |
I myself while searching and talking to my dad found the answer.Sounds weird, sorry for posting.
THE NAMES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
***Cracking the code***
A modern organic name is simply a code. Each part of the name gives you some useful information about the compound.
For example, to understand the name 2-me... |
I am studying this claim
> Compensatory mechanism in respiratory alkalosis is decrease of SB i.e bicarbonate ions [HCO3-].
There are reactions
HCO3- -> CO3- (conjugate base)
and
HCO3- -> H2CO3 (conjugate acid)
but since the pKa for the second reaction is greater
- decrease in HCO3- yields m... |
I'm having trouble (not alone, apparently) understanding the concept of Gibbs free energy, but I'm beginning to. What I still don't understand, however, is how Gibbs free energy of formation differs from heat- or enthalpy of formation. Is it more precise, somehow? given that entropy is accounted for in Gibbs free energ... |
What is the difference between enthalpy of formation and Gibbs free energy of formation? |
And how do I find the diffusion coefficient from a Levich plot? |
How does the diffusion coefficient of a species affect the limiting current for a RDE voltammagram? |
I am studying this claim
> Compensatory mechanism in respiratory alkalosis is decrease of SB i.e. bicarbonate ions ($\ce{HCO3^-}$).
There are reactions
$\ce{HCO3- \rightarrow H+ + CO3^{2-}}$ (conjugate base)
and
$\ce{HCO3- + H+ \rightarrow H2CO3}$ (conjugate acid)
but since the $pK_a$ for the second r... |
I know that the limiting current is proportional to the square root of the rotation speed, but what does the slope of the plot represent? |
What does the slope of a Levich plot represent? |
Gibbs free energy is not more "precise." The two are _different_ but complementary. Enthalpy and Gibbs Free Energy indicate different things. Enthalpy can tell you about the relative stabilities of the products and reactants. Gibbs free energy however can tell you about whether a reaction is spontaneous (whether a reac... |
I think your guess for P is correct, we just don't know whether it is 2- or 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid. Reaction of thionyl chloride with the hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain can proceed with retention or inversion of configuration depending on reaction conditions, but the point is, if P is optically active, then Q will... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/GUAe0.png
This is NanoBalletDancer.
How many different carbon environments are there in NanoBalletDancer – i.e. how
many signals would be seen in total in the 13C NMR spectrum?
I counted 8 signals from benzene ring carbons
4 from methyl... |
I think your guess for P is correct, we just don't know whether it is 2- or 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid. Reaction of thionyl chloride with the hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain can proceed with retention or inversion of configuration depending on reaction conditions, but the point is, if P is optically active, then Q will... |
Gibbs free energy is not more "precise." The two are _different_ but complementary. Enthalpy and Gibbs Free Energy indicate different things. Enthalpy can tell you about the relative stabilities of the products and reactants. Gibbs free energy however can tell you about whether a reaction is spontaneous (whether a reac... |
From ChemWiki by UC Davis:
"As a side note, it is important to note that BF3 frequently bonds with a F- ion in order to form BF4- rather than staying as BF3. This structure completes boron's octet and it is more common in nature."
Wait, what? Boron has three electrons. Bonding with four fluoride ions gives it fou... |
Is this a typo? |
**Can anyone please tell me what the correct answer will be and why?**
![][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/KKiLl.jpg |
**Can anyone please tell me what the correct answer will be and why?**
I think the answer is either a or c as in **_d_** there are no chances for carbanion to have its charge become less .in **_b_** i think there is + inductive effect due to methyl group which gives it more -ve charge .
The ones left are **a** a... |
Wikipedia says:
> The stability and reactivity of a carbanion is determined by several factors. These include
>1)The inductive effect. Electronegative atoms adjacent to the charge will stabilize the charge;
>2)Hybridization of the charge-bearing atom. The greater the s-character of the charge-bearing atom, the... |
![enter image description here][1]
I want to do Wurtz reaction of the following compound. [Wikipedia][2] suggests to do intramolecular reaction. While I remember reading somewhere that $Br$ part is more reactive and hence we should do intermolecular reaction attach two Carbons where $Br$ was attached.
I am in a d... |
Why is entropy not zero for an irreversible adiabatic process though q=0? Ideally entropy is a state function so entropy should be zero.
|
Can singlet oxygen facilitate a (2+2) cycloaddition reaction, for example between two alkenes, by reacting first with the pi-electrons in one alkene and then lowering the energy barrier for the second alkene to attack? Are there any examples of this sort of thing? |
Can singlet oxygen act as a catalyst for a (2+2) cycloaddition reaction? |
Can singlet oxygen facilitate a (2+2) cycloaddition reaction, for example between two alkenes, by reacting first with the pi-electrons in one alkene and then lowering the energy barrier for the second alkene to attack (given the instability of 1,2-dioxetane)? Are there any examples of this sort of thing? |
I have a graph of a titration of a weak polyprotic acid with a strong base.
I graphed $p\ce H$ versus amount of strong base added.
Now since the acid is polyprotic, how do I determine which equivalence point is the final one?
Also not sure how to find the initial concentration of the weak acid? I know the vol... |
Properties of Polyprotic acids? |
I was looking for some distillation equipment on Sigma Aldrich because I wanted to perform some vacuum distillation, when I came across [a vacuum-jacketed distilling column][1].
Now as far as I understood my high-school chemistry, I can perform vacuum distillation perfectly fine with a 'normal' column as long as the... |
I have to perform a chemical test to determine whether the solution is a secondary or a tertiary alcohol. How do you do this? Please explain the procedure and the apparatus. |
How do you differentiate a secondary and tertiary alcohol? |
I watched a Khan academy video on organic chemistry functional groups. It mentioned the amine and amide groups.
From what I see, an amide is an amine with a carbonyl group. However, the internet says that that assumption is wrong. I am guessing it has to do with the "R" groups on the amine functional group.
But i... |
Are all amides also amines? |
According to my calculations, the reaction $\ce{H2O + O3 -> H2O2 + O2}$ should be favourable under standard conditions. However I am told that the reaction is probably very slow in solution since ozone is poorly soluble in water and the reaction occurs through a radical mechanism.
Water can be ignited in a fluorine ... |
Can water be ignited in an ozone atmosphere? |
When there are $2$ hydroxy groups on same carbon, they tend to undergo dehydration ( of course with exceptions like chloral where $\ce H$ bonding prevails).
Why does this happen? We are breaking a sigma bond in order to get a pi bond between $\ce C$ and $\ce O$ ? |
Imagine that the mechanism for the addition of $\ce{H-Hal}$, $\ce{Hal-Hal}$, and $\ce{H-H}$ to an alkene are fundamentally different.
In the first case, subsequent addition of the proton and (then) the halogen is assumed. In the second case, formation of a halonium ion is postulated as the first step, followed by ad... |
I am learning Chemistry now, and I want to take some notes using Mac. How can I do that? Pages does not seem support scientific use.
|
How to take chemistry notes on Mac? |
If you know LaTeX and you want to see what you are writing you can use [lyx](http://www.lyx.org/Download), and some TeX package like [mhchem](http://www.ctan.org/pkg/mhchem) and [chemfig](http://www.ctan.org/pkg/chemfig). So you can write all the things you want and add comments. This is what I have done with my Mac ju... |
I myself while searching and talking to my dad found the answer.Sounds weird, sorry for posting.
THE NAMES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
***Cracking the code***
A modern organic name is simply a code. Each part of the name gives you some useful information about the compound.
For example, to understand the name 2-me... |
I myself while searching and talking to my dad found the answer.Sounds weird, sorry for posting.
THE NAMES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
***Cracking the code***
A modern organic name is simply a code. Each part of the name gives you some useful information about the compound.
For example, to understand the name 2-me... |
In the nitration of compounds such as naphthalene and anthracene, how can you determine which would be the major product? I tried drawing resonance structures for the intermediate formed because stability of intermediate determines which product will be major, but this became too hard for me as there were too many reso... |
<blockquote>
Let us say that we have the following two reactions: <br>
$\ce{A + O2 -> B}$, where $A \text{ and } B $ are different oxides of metal $M$.<br>
Weights of $A$ and $B$ are $5.72g$ and $6.36g$. <br>
$\ce{B + H2O->M + H2O}$ <br>
The weights of $B$ and $M$ are $4.77g$ and $3.81$g respectively. <br> ... |
I am learning Chemistry now, and I want to take some notes that invoke hung amount of organic chemsitry on Mac. How can I do that? Pages does not seem support scientific use. |
<blockquote>
Let us say that we have the following two reactions: <br>
$\ce{A + O2 -> B}$, where $A \text{ and } B $ are different oxides of metal $M$.<br>
Weights of $A$ and $B$ are $5.72g$ and $6.36g$. <br>
$\ce{B + H2->M + H2O}$ <br>
The weights of $B$ and $M$ are $4.77g$ and $3.81$g respectively. <br> ... |
If you know LaTeX and you want to see what you are writing you can use [lyx](http://www.lyx.org/Download), and some TeX package like [mhchem](http://www.ctan.org/pkg/mhchem) and [chemfig](http://www.ctan.org/pkg/chemfig). So you can write all the things you want and add comments. This is what I have done with my Mac ju... |
I am learning Chemistry now, and I want to take some notes that involve huge amount of organic chemistry on Mac. How can I do that? Pages does not seem support scientific use. |
How do I take chemistry notes on Mac? |
I am doing a project where I heat up a container (around 500ml) filed with castor oil at room temperature. I want to add a pressure/safety valve that opens up when the castor oil reaches around 300 degrees Celsius (boiling temperature). In order to get the right valve I have to know how much the pressure increases with... |
While going through my chemistry text book I came through the following reaction.
RCH2OH + (O) --> RCHO + H2O
In the above reaction why oxygen atom is enclosed in parenthesis ? |
Why oxygen is enclosed in parenthesis in some chemical reaction? |
Are you asking about catalytic hydrogenation or non-catalytic hydrogenation (e.g. diimide)? For the time being, let's assume that your question is about the catalytic process. All the catalyst does is lower the activation energy required to reach the transition state (TS) and the TS will look about the same independe... |
While going through my chemistry text book I came through the following reaction.
$\ce{RCH2OH + (O) -> RCHO + H2O}$
In the above reaction why oxygen atom is enclosed in parenthesis ? |
I am working on a problem in the context of an infinite symmetric potential barrier around origo, with barriers at $x=- \frac{a}{2}$ and $x=\frac{a}{2}$. The wave function is a symmetric triangle-function:
$$
\Psi (x) = \begin{cases} 0 & x < - \frac{a}{2} \\ \sqrt{\frac{12}{a^3}} \left( \frac{a}{2} - \lvert x \rver... |
I am working on a problem in the context of an infinite symmetric potential barrier around the origin, with barriers at $x=- \frac{a}{2}$ and $x=\frac{a}{2}$. The wave function is a symmetric triangle-function:
$$
\Psi (x) = \begin{cases} 0 & x < - \frac{a}{2} \\ \sqrt{\frac{12}{a^3}} \left( \frac{a}{2} - \lvert x ... |
I am working on a problem in the context of an infinite symmetric potential barrier around the origin, with barriers at $x=- \frac{a}{2}$ and $x=\frac{a}{2}$. The wave function is a symmetric triangle-function:
$$
\Psi (x) = \begin{cases} 0 & x < - \frac{a}{2} \\ \sqrt{\frac{12}{a^3}} \left( \frac{a}{2} - \lvert x ... |
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