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Why can Cu have an oxidation number of +2? |
I'm watching a video, and the speaker states that the molality forumla is better than the molarity formula because it is more constant, since molarity deals with volume and molality deals with mass. If someone adds more solvent than the volume changes, so the answer in molarity changes as well. But if more solvent is a... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YeDU0.png
How is this formula derived? What does it mean; what is the use of this formula?
I know that at infinite dilution, ionization extent should be very high because of Le Chatlier's principle.
But I'm not seeing how this formula i... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YeDU0.png
How is this formula derived? What does it mean; what is the use of this formula?
I know that at infinite dilution, ionization extent should be very high because of Le Chatlier's principle.
But I'm not seeing how this formula i... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YeDU0.png
How is this formula derived? What does it mean; what is the use of this formula?
I know that at infinite dilution, ionization extent should be very high because of Le Chatlier's principle.
But I'm not seeing how this formula i... |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YeDU0.png
How is this formula derived? What does it mean; what is the use of this formula?
I know that at infinite dilution, ionization extent should be very high because of Le Chatlier's principle.
But I'm not seeing how this formula i... |
![enter image description here][1]
How is this formula derived? What does it mean; what is the use of this formula?
I know that at infinite dilution, ionization extent should be very high because of Le Chatlier's principle.
But I'm not seeing how this formula is derived and its significance in actual chemi... |
What is some reference books about alloy that gives a lot historical background and applies a lot of theoretical equation or formulas with explanation?
I seem to find nothing really very interesting for myself to developing fundamental knowledge about alloy while searching the google books because these books is too... |
What is some advance reference books specifically about alloy that gives a lot historical background and applies a lot of theoretical equation or formulas with explanation?
I seem to find nothing really very interesting for myself to developing fundamental knowledge about alloy while searching the google books becau... |
What is some advance reference books specifically about alloy that gives a lot historical background and applies a lot of theoretical equation or formulas with explanation?
I seem to find nothing really very interesting for myself to learn general theory of alloy while searching the google books because these books ... |
I'm told that in the normal cubic system there are 1/8 of an atom at each corner and these atoms' radius are such that a = 2r (a is the lattice constant, r radius of an atom).
In bbc (body centered cubic system) they say the atoms in the diagonals are touching, and as a consequence the atoms at each corner are not b... |
How do we know the size of atoms in body centered cubic system? |
I'm told that in the normal cubic system there are $\frac18$ of an atom at each corner and these atoms' radius are such that $a = 2r$ ($a$ is the lattice constant, $r$ radius of an atom).
In bbc (body centered cubic system) they say the atoms in the diagonals are touching, and as a consequence the atoms at each corn... |
I'm watching a video, and the speaker states that the molality formula is better than the molarity formula because it is more constant, since molarity deals with volume and molality deals with mass. If someone adds more solvent than the volume changes, so the answer in molarity changes as well. But if more solvent is a... |
How are the high temperature phases (thermodynamically stable) stable at room temperature? For example, alpha alumina is a thermodynamic phase that is formed at temperature above 1000 C. How is the same phase stable at room temperature? |
How are the high temperature phases (thermodynamically) stable at room temperature? For example, alpha alumina is a thermodynamic phase that is formed at temperature above $1000^\circ C$. How is the same phase stable at room temperature? |
How are the high temperature phases (thermodynamically) stable at room temperature? |
I am building a greywater harvesting system. I have all of it designed except one aspect. It is a 3 phase system. The first phase breaks down soap and detergents. The second phase filters the water. The third phase pumps water out of system. My question is what is the best way to break down soap and detergents in a tim... |
How to break down soap and detergents? |
For `HCl (aq) -> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)`, if `HCl` has a concentration of 1 molar then `H+` and `Cl-` also have 1 molar. But for `HF (aq) -><- (equilibrium sign) H+ (aq) + F- (aq)`, if `HF` has a concentration of 1.5 molar, then why doesn't `H+` and `F-` have 1.5 molar as well? |
For $\ce{HCl(aq) -> H^{+}(aq) + Cl^{-}(aq)}$, if $\ce{HCl}$ has a concentration of 1 molar then $\ce{H+}$ and $\ce{Cl-}$ also have 1 molar. But for $\ce{HF(aq) <=> H^{+}(aq) + F^{-}(aq)}$, if $\ce{HF}$ has a concentration of 1.5 molar, then why doesn't $\ce{H+}$ and $\ce{F-}$ have 1.5 molar as well? |
I have been given task to write possible reaction equations, determine oxidizer, reducer, write corresponding electron-equations and calculate electromotive force (I do not know if that is what you call it in English) of reactions:
a)iron reacts with diluted sulfuric acid
b)aluminium reacts with solution of sodiu... |
I have been given task to write possible reaction equations, determine oxidizer, reducer, write corresponding electron-equations and calculate electromotive force (I do not know if that is what you call it in English) of reactions:
a)iron reacts with diluted sulfuric acid
b)aluminium reacts with solution of sodiu... |
Is it possible to synthesis adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine at home? |
Why is it that the Lewis structure of $Cl_2SO$ has a total of $24$ valence electrons? I thought that the number of valence electrons should be 2*7 + 1*6 + 1* 6 = 26. |
As we all know ammonium chloride is a acid. And what explains this is its salt hydrolysis. It breaks down into ammonium and clorine ions. Ammonium react with water to produce hydronium or hydrogen ions.
But then why can't chlorine ions react with water to produce hydroxide ions?
Is there any way other than know us... |
I have an empty aluminum Ether bottle (Shipping name diethyl Ether) that I'd like to use as a large drinking bottle as this is thick aluminum. Is it dangerous? Here is some of the info on the bottle.
Chemical Composition:
(C-2 H-5)2-O f.w.74.12.
Name:
Ether Purified (For Fat Extraction)
Other:
Mallinckrodt (... |
I have an empty aluminum Ether bottle (Shipping name diethyl Ether) that I'd like to use as a large drinking bottle as this is thick aluminum. Is it dangerous? Here is some of the info on the bottle.
> Chemical Composition: (C-2 H-5)2-O f.w.74.12.
>
> Name: Ether Purified (For Fat Extraction)
>
> Other: Malli... |
Why is it that the Lewis structure of $\ce{Cl_2SO}$ has a total of $24$ valence electrons? I thought that the number of valence electrons should be $2\times7 + 1\times6 + 1\times6 = 26$. |
EDIT: upon further thought this still no sense; charge is conserved; thionyl chloride should *always* have 26 electrons (no matter how they are distributed). Perhaps you did not count a lone pair on the central sulfur atom or otherwise miscounted the number of electrons? Or perhaps your book is genuinely in error. Do y... |
Sulfur is sometimes described as a hypervalent atom, or one that has more than eight valence electrons. This is possible to some extent; sulfur can indeed utilize its d-orbitals for bonding. However, recent quantum mechanical calculations suggest that the extent of this utilization is negligible. Therefore, your book i... |
Sulfur is sometimes described as a hypervalent atom, or one that has more than eight valence electrons. This is possible to some extent; sulfur can indeed utilize its d-orbitals for bonding. However, recent quantum mechanical calculations suggest that the extent of this utilization is negligible. Therefore, your book i... |
Sulfur is sometimes described as a hypervalent atom, or one that has more than eight valence electrons. This is possible to some extent; sulfur can indeed utilize its d-orbitals for bonding. However, recent quantum mechanical calculations suggest that the extent of this utilization is negligible. Therefore, your book i... |
Sulfur is sometimes described as a hypervalent atom, or one that has more than eight valence electrons. This is possible to some extent; sulfur can indeed utilize its d-orbitals for bonding. However, recent quantum mechanical calculations suggest that the extent of this utilization is negligible. Therefore, your book i... |
Sulfur is sometimes described as a hypervalent atom, or one that has more than eight valence electrons. This is possible to some extent; sulfur can indeed utilize its d-orbitals for bonding. However, recent quantum mechanical calculations suggest that the extent of this utilization is negligible. Therefore, your book i... |
As we all know ammonium chloride is a acid. And what explains this is its salt hydrolysis. It breaks down into ammonium and chloride ions. Ammonium react with water to produce hydronium or hydrogen ions.
But then why can't chlorine ions react with water to produce hydroxide ions?
Is there any way other than using ... |
A table does not evaporate eventually, a spoon does neither. But the ice does. What is the fundamental difference?.. |
Why a table does not evaporate, when ice does? |
We know for a $1^{\text{st}}$ order reaction reaction $ A \rightarrow B$, we write the rate law as : Rate = $k[A]^{1}$, and the integrated law for this is $ \ln (\frac{A}{A-x}) = kt$.
So by studying this equation, every 1st order reaction must get completed only at infinity. Is the true? If no, then what is the cor... |
Who said a spoon doesn't evaporate?
Ice is a solid below it's melting point (0C so it's solid at room temp) it goes through a [phase transition][1] and melts to become a liquid. Then when it's heated above room temperature to it's boiling point (100C), it goes through another [phase transition][2] and it evaporates ... |
Who said a spoon doesn't evaporate?
Ice is a solid below it's melting point (0C) it goes through a [phase transition][1] and [melts][2] to become a liquid (so it's liquid at room temp). Then when it's heated above room temperature to it's [boiling point][3] (100C), it goes through another [phase transition][4] and i... |
Who said a spoon doesn't evaporate?
Ice is a solid below it's melting point ($0~^\circ\mathrm{C}$) it goes through a [phase transition][1] and [melts][2] to become a liquid (so it's liquid at room temp). Then when it's heated above room temperature to it's [boiling point][3] ($100~^\circ\mathrm{C}$), it goes through... |
Before sp3 hybridisation, does the C -atom get excited to 1s2 2s1 2p3 state, as it
happens before sp2 hybridisation?
What is the energy of the sp3 hybridised orbital? |
Before $\ce{sp^3}$ hybridisation, does the $\ce{C}$ -atom get excited to $\ce{1s^2~2s^1~2p^3}$ state, as it happens before $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridisation?
What is the energy of the $\ce{sp^3}$ hybridised orbital? |
We know for a $1^{\text{st}}$ order reaction $ A \rightarrow B$, we write the rate law as: Rate = $k[A]^{1}$, and the integrated law for this is $ \ln (\frac{A}{A-x}) = kt$.
So by studying this equation, every $1^{\text{st}}$ order reaction must get completed only at infinity. Is this true? If no, then what is the ... |
I want to perform a molecular dynamics simulation with alpha-quartz as my mineral surface. I want to study adsorption of water on alpha-quartz. The most dominant error that I came up with is the problem with my initial physical configuration. In other words error is: System is too far from equilibrium. I think the majo... |
Who said a spoon doesn't evaporate?
Ice is a solid below it's melting point ($0~^\circ\mathrm{C}$) but above it's melting point it goes through a [phase transition][1] and [melts][2] to become a liquid (so it's liquid at room temp). Then when it's heated above room temperature to it's [boiling point][3] ($100~^\circ... |
I'm a master student working on networks analysis in general. A network is something that has nodes and there are links between the nodes. Nodes and links could have attributes. An evolving network is one that changes overtime (new nodes and links are added..etc). An example of that is Facebook. Nodes are users and lin... |
Who said a spoon doesn't evaporate?
Ice is a solid below its melting point ($0~^\circ\mathrm{C}$) but above its melting point it goes through a [phase transition][1] and [melts][2] to become a liquid (so it's liquid at room temp). Then when it's heated above room temperature to its [boiling point][3] ($100~^\circ\ma... |
My wife and I have had an ongoing argument about various cleaning agents, and I wanted to get a Chemists' view on it.
When we are doing laundry, she will generally clean using the cold water setting and a standard amount of detergent.
If I do laundry, I will use the warm water setting with a standard amount of de... |
Do various soaps work better when dissolved/used in different water temperatures? |
My wife and I have had an ongoing argument about various cleaning agents, and I wanted to get a Chemists' view on it.
When we are doing laundry, she will generally clean using the cold water setting and a standard amount of detergent.
If I do laundry, I will use the warm water setting with a standard amount of de... |
There are two choices. One is Nitric acid, and the other is phosphoric acid.
The solution of each type of these acids has a concentration of 0.1 mole. I answer would be phosphoric acid, because each molecule contains more than 1 hydrogen ion. Thus it would be more conductive.
Does strong/ weak affect conductivit... |
Which is more conductive? |
Neon exists as single atoms in its elemental form. It is a noble gas, and as @jonsca said, that means (for various reasons) that it is extremely difficult for it to form bonds (I don't know of any neon compounds).
I think the confusion may be coming from a missing definition: what is a molecule?
A **molecule** is... |
Im looking for a list of classes of synthetic organic chemicals. I'm not very strong in chemistry. The only information I could find are from here: http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/contaminants/SOCs.htm which seem to describe SOC's are like pesticides or fuel additives, but I don't think you can call those classes.
... |
Types of organic chemicals? |
A table does not evaporate eventually, nor does a spoon. But ice does. What is the fundamental difference? |
Why doesn't a table evaporate, while ice does? |
I am a college student but I am not currently enrolled in any chemistry courses. This is just to satisfy my own curiosity, and please excuse my ignorance on the subject as I have not taken any chemistry classes in 3-4 years!
Here is the overall formula:
>**C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NaO<sub>2</sub> (sodium acetate... |
Which way does this reaction naturally proceed? |
I am a (Comp Sci) college student but I am not taking any chemistry classes. This is just to satisfy my own curiosity, and please excuse my ignorance on the subject as I have not taken any chemistry classes in 3-4 years!
Here is the overall formula:
>**C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NaO<sub>2</sub> (sodium acetate) + ... |
I am a (Comp Sci) college student but I am not taking any chemistry classes. This is just to satisfy my own curiosity, and please excuse my ignorance on the subject as I have not taken any chemistry classes in 3-4 years!
Here is the overall formula:
>**C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NaO<sub>2</sub> (sodium acetate) + ... |
I am a (Comp Sci) college student but I am not taking any chemistry classes. This is just to satisfy my own curiosity, and please excuse my ignorance on the subject as I have not taken any chemistry classes in 3-4 years!
Here is the overall formula:
$$\ce{C2H3NaO2 + HCl <=> NaCl + CH3COOH}$$
(sodium acetate + h... |
Please excuse my ignorance on the subject as I have not taken any chemistry class in 3-4 years!
Here is the overall formula:
$$\ce{C2H3NaO2 + HCl <=> NaCl + CH3COOH}$$
(sodium acetate + hydrochloric acid $\ce{<=>}$sodium chloride + acetic acid)
Which way does the above reaction naturally proceed? I've tried ... |
A table does not sublimate, and nor does a spoon. Ice does, however. What is the fundamental difference? |
Why doesn't a table sublimate, while ice does? |
Henry's Law is for a gas dissolved in a liquid and states P = kC where P is the partial pressure of the gas above the solution and C is the concentration of the gas dissolved in the liquid. The k is a "constant", that is, it is independent of P, C and time but depends on the type of gas and the type of liquid. Accord... |
Validity of Henry's Law for an Oxygen/Bitumen System? |
<< **This answer was posted before the question was completely rephrased and originally asked "why does a table not evaporate"** >>
Who said a spoon doesn't evaporate?
Ice is a solid below its melting point ($0~^\circ\mathrm{C}$) but above its melting point it goes through a [phase transition][1] and [melts][2] t... |
An equation of heat is $q = s \cdot m \cdot\Delta T$. I know that $\Delta T$ can be in either Celsius ($^\circ{}\mathrm{C}$) or Kelvin ($\mathrm{K}$). However, one thing that confuses me is how the units cancel if $\Delta T$ is in Celsius. How does this work? |
**Given:**
- Ksp of CaSO4 is 7.10*10^-5
- Molar mass of Na2SO4 is 142.04g/mol
**My Attempt:**
Step 1 - figure out molar solubility of CaSO4
-√7.10*10^-5 = 8.43*10^-3M
Step 2 - convert Na2SO4 from mass to moles
105mg = 0.105g
0.105/142.04 = 7.39*10^-4 mol
Step 3 - figure out moles of CaSO4 ... |
A sample of tap water is found to be 0.025 M in Ca2+. If 105 mg of Na2SO4 is added to 100.0 mL of the tap water, will any CaSO4 precipitate? |
> Is there a general way to predict products of a chemical reaction, given only the atomic masses of masses of all elements involved?
Unforturnately, no.
>If there's no method to do so, are we supposed to memorize all chemical reactions?
There is some amount of reactions one have to memorize individually. Ho... |
**Given:**
- Ksp of CaSO4 is 7.10*10^-5
- Molar mass of Na2SO4 is 142.04g/mol
**My Attempt:**
Step 1 - figure out molar solubility of CaSO4
√7.10*10^-5 = 8.43*10^-3M
Step 2 - convert Na2SO4 from mass to moles
105mg = 0.105g
0.105/142.04 = 7.39*10^-4 mol
Step 3 - figure out moles of CaSO4 p... |
I'm in class right now and my teacher put this up on the board as a representation of 1,2-dichloroethane. He also projected a model. I'm thinking ... his board drawing is wrong. Shouldn't the chlorines also be on dashes too? There's no way the chlorines can be in the same plane as the carbon atoms; the model makes it t... |
5 g of an unknown salt are dissolved in 325 g of water. Both the water and the salt are initially the same temperature. The water's temperature falls by 11.4 degrees C. Explain how it is possible for the salt and water to change temperature even though both substances are initially at the same temperature.
My approa... |
You are starting on the right track, but the specific heat of water won't change (at least not by a measurable amount).
You know that the flow of heat is defined by $q=mC{\Delta}T$.
But, you also know that energy is conserved. So if heat is flowing out of the water, where is it going?
This looks like a homewor... |
You are starting on the right track, but the specific heat of water won't change (at least not by a measurable amount).
You know that the flow of heat is defined by $q=mC{\Delta}T$.
But, you also know that energy is conserved. So if heat is flowing out of the water, where is it going?
This looks like a homewor... |
I tried to make different crystals in the cubic system by stacking cubes in a 3d software. However I need to tell the software where to skip rows or stop stacking the unit cells in a specific direction else it will only make a cube.
How does this work in nature? How does the fluorite 'know' where to skip rows in ord... |
How does the crystal know where to stop stacking the unit cells? |
Would the formal charge of terminal atoms differ from the FC of the non-terminal atoms?
Say you had a sheet of graphite; inside the network covalent solid all the carbons are bound to one another, but the terminal atoms are obviously missing some C-C bonds since they are terminal.
![enter image description here... |
**EDIT**: I misquoted my teacher; he said something more along the lines of: in conjugated systems, if an atom is $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized, then every atom it is bound to is _also_ $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized. **Would this be accurate?**
----
My teacher said that if an atom is $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized, then every atom it ... |
"if an atom is sp2 hybridized, then every atom it is bound to is also sp2 hybridized. Would this be accurate?"
Absolutely not, here are a few examples.![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/zJXro.jpg |
The terminal carbons are missing some bonds, but unless they have a charge, they have either a lone electron (highly unlikely) or "something else" (probably hydrogen) hanging off the end. In either case, the formal charge would be zero.
Let's look at a single graphene ring to make it easier:
![Different possibili... |
The terminal carbons *may* or *may not* be missing some bonds. In any case, unless there is a charge on the surface/edge, the formal charge will always be zero.
Let's look at a single graphene ring to make it easier to see:
#Free radicals#
![A graphene ring with single electrons on each carbon][1]
In this f... |
"if an atom is sp2 hybridized, then every atom it is bound to is also sp2 hybridized. Would this be accurate?"
Absolutely not, here are a few examples
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/kJ0RM.jpg |
I'm a student working in a high school laboratory that is looking to pursue research into perovskite cells for next year, but I have some solubility and safety questions.
What would be a good solvent (please be specific) of copper(I) iodide?, copper(I) thiocyanate? Silver iodide?
I want to deposit these materi... |
I'm a student working in a high school laboratory that is looking to pursue research into perovskite cells for next year, but I have some solubility and safety questions.
What would be a good solvent (please be specific) of copper(I) iodide?, copper(I) thiocyanate? Silver iodide?
I want to deposit these materi... |
I'm a student working in a high school laboratory that is looking to pursue research into perovskite cells for next year, but I have some solubility and safety questions.
What would be a good solvent (please be specific) of copper(I) iodide?, copper(I) thiocyanate? Silver iodide?
I want to deposit these materi... |
> In conjugated systems, if an atom is $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized, then every atom it is bound to is also $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized. Would this be accurate?
It can be seen as a general rule of thumb, but it is not accurate. The defining feature for [conjugated][1] systems is that they have (local) planarity. This is necess... |
> If an atom is $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized, then every atom it is bound to is also $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized. Would this be accurate?
Absolutely not, here are a few examples
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/kJ0RM.jpg |
$5\:\mathrm{g}$ of an unknown salt are dissolved in $325\:\mathrm{g}$ of water. Both the water and the salt are initially the same temperature. The water's temperature falls by $11.4\:\mathrm{^\circ{}C}$. Explain how it is possible for the salt and water to change temperature even though both substances are initially a... |
I am looking to calculate the minimum heat needed to create vapor from a specific mixture. I have a mixture of 60% $\ce{C3H8O3}$ (glycerine) and 40% $\ce{C3H8O2} $ (propylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol). Total volume of the mixture is 3ml. Here are some facts that I know
C3H802
Density = 1.04 g/cm³
Bo... |
How to determine the vapor pressure of a glycerine and propylene glycol mixture? |
I'm currently working on a chemistry project in which I need to convert the first organic compound to the second organic compound.(see image) I only have a simple background in organic chemistry (and I haven't seen anything about reaction mechanisms yet) but I was guessing water could be used in this reaction? (to prod... |
I know that the lower the pH the faster fermentation occurs. Why does this happen? |
Why does pH affect fermentation? |
Please excuse my ignorance on the subject as I have not taken any chemistry class in 3-4 years!
Here is the overall formula:
$$\ce{CH3COONa + HCl <=> NaCl + CH3COOH}$$
(sodium acetate + hydrochloric acid $\ce{<=>}$sodium chloride + acetic acid)
Which way does the above reaction naturally proceed? I've tried ... |
The terminal carbons *may* or *may not* be missing some bonds. In any case, unless there is a charge on the surface/edge, the formal charge will always be zero.
Let's look at a single graphene ring to make it easier to see:
#Free radicals#
![A graphene ring with single electrons on each carbon][1]
In this f... |
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