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Can someone tell me, which of the following terms should be used or avoided ? (Google shows the presence of all the candidate terms.)
- synthesis route
- synthetic route
- route of synthesis
- synthesis pathway
- synthetic pathway
Imagine for example a sentence such as "A new ... was developed." |
Can someone tell me, which of the following terms should be used or avoided? (Google shows the presence of all the candidate terms.)
- synthesis route
- synthetic route
- route of synthesis
- synthesis pathway
- synthetic pathway
Imagine for example a sentence such as "A new ... was developed." |
2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane or 3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylbutane...
according to these links both are correct...why?
http://wtt-pro.nist.gov/wtt-pro/index.html?cmp=2-chloro-3.3-dimethylbutane
Pls help![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/n3s0A.jpg |
2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane or 3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylbutane...
according to these links both are correct...why?
1.http://wtt-pro.nist.gov/wtt-pro/index.html?cmp=2-chloro-3.3-dimethylbutane
2.http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.455173.htmlPls help![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.s... |
2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane or 3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylbutane...
according to these links both are correct...why?
1.http://wtt-pro.nist.gov/wtt-pro/index.html?cmp=2-chloro-3.3-dimethylbutane
2.http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.455173.html
Pls help!
[The Question ][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.im... |
2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane or 3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylbutane ?
According to these links both are correct:
1.http://wtt-pro.nist.gov/wtt-pro/index.html?cmp=2-chloro-3.3-dimethylbutane
2.http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.455173.html
Why? Please help!
[The Question ][1]
[1]: https... |
2-Chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane or 3-Chloro-2,2-dimethylbutane ?
According to these links both are correct:
1.http://wtt-pro.nist.gov/wtt-pro/index.html?cmp=2-chloro-3.3-dimethylbutane
2.http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.455173.html
Why? Please help!
[Picture of The Question ][1]
... |
To start off, all chalcogens are known to form binary hydrides of the form $\ce{H2X}$ which can then behave as binary acids, however weak or strong, by the equation $\ce{H2X -> HX^- + H+}$.
Now to compare the strength of the acids. The most straightforward way of doing this is comparing gas phase acidities, which r... |
While comparing the relative stabilities of acetic acid and formic acid why don't we consider the 3 possible hyper conjugative structures which would stabilize the positive charge on carbon thus making the conjugate of acetic acid more stable.
My professor told me hyper conjugation does not operate here. But what is... |
Hyper conjugation in acetic acid? |
We observe that nitrate ion has a trigonal planar geometry according to its lewis structure and the VSEPR theory. Its resonance hybrid consists of three contributing structure -three probable double bond organisations. According to my knowledge, we would expect that pi bond to be distrubuted equally over the molecule a... |
During hybridization of d-orbitals why the dz2 and dx2-z2 orbitals are used up before the dxy , dyz and dzx ? |
I know that soft bases cleave dibrorane symmetrically but hard ones don't. However, what makes ammonia harder than trimethylamine? And why does hardness/softness affect this? |
Why is diborane cleaved symmetrically by trimethylamine but unymmetrically by ammonia? |
During hybridization of d-orbitals why the $d_{z^2}$ and $d_{x^2-z^2}$ orbitals are used up before the $d_{xy}$, $d_{yz}$ and $d_{zx}$ ? |
During hybridization of d-orbitals why the $d_{z^2}$ and $d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbitals are used up before the $d_{xy}$, $d_{yz}$ and $d_{zx}$ ? |
I've always assumed that the bubbles formed because they're coming out of solution after the water pressure drops. Inside your plumbing, the pressure is high and the water can hold a lot of gas, and then after you pour it into the glass, the pressure is lower and you have a supersaturated solution, and the gas graduall... |
Valence electrons are associated with [molecular orbitals][1] and [hybridizations][2]. Do core electrons have molecular/hybridized orbitals, or the original [atomic orbitals][3]?
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation
[3]: https://en.wi... |
Do core electrons have molecular orbitals? |
P forms P4 due to its inability to form double/triple bonds. So it makes a sort of tetrahedral structure.
S however makes S8 cycles w/ sp2 hybridization. Why go all that way to connect the chain? Can't S3 do the trick? It will still have sp2. What makes S8 more stable? |
We observe that nitrate ion has a trigonal planar geometry according to its lewis structure and the VSEPR theory. Its resonance hybrid consists of three contributing structure -three probable double bond organisations. According to my knowledge, we would expect that pi bond to be distributed equally over the molecule a... |
P forms $\ce{P4}$ due to its inability to form double/triple bonds. So it makes a sort of tetrahedral structure.
S however makes $\ce{S8}$ cycles w/ $sp^2$ hybridization. Why go all that way to connect the chain? Can't S3 do the trick? It will still have $sp^2$. What makes $\ce{S8}$ more stable? |
Can hydrite shift be followed by methyl shift for stabilizing a carbocation?
In case both is possible which will occur first? |
Can Hydrite Shift and Methyl shift happen one after another in a carbocation? |
P forms $\ce{P4}$ due to its inability to form double/triple bonds. So it makes a sort of tetrahedral structure.
S however makes $\ce{S8}$ cycles w/ $sp^2$ hybridization. Why go all that way to connect the chain? Can't $\ce{S3}$ do the trick? It will still have $sp^2$. What makes $\ce{S8}$ more stable? |
Why does sulphur form $\ce{S8}$ instead of $\ce{S3}$? |
The Bessemer process for making steel involves blowing air or oxygen thru hot iron. Impurities and carbon oxidize away. Why does the iron itself not oxidize? |
Why doesnt the Bessemer process oxidize the iron? |
I am reading the book *Soft Matter Physics - Synthetic and Biological Self-Assembling Materials* from Hamley and particularly page 201.
I started to think how this packing occurs in case of molecules or *molecular patches*, particularly in case of nitrates and nitrites because they have highest priority set by WHO ... |
What is the mean curvature of nitrates and nitrites? |
Why does sulphur form S8 instead of S3? |
Can hydride shift be followed by methyl shift for stabilizing a carbocation?
In case both is possible which will occur first? |
Can Hydride Shift and Methyl shift happen one after another in a carbocation? |
In the case of both Silicon and Oxygen, the double bond is less stable than two single bonds. Consequently, surely both should polymerize, why don't they? What accounts for the difference between Carbon and Silicon in this context? |
Why does $SiH_4$ readily polymerize at RTP but ethene doesn not (requires catalyst)? |
Why does $SiH_4$ readily polymerize at RTP but ethene does not (requires catalyst)? |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/7NFaB.png
Is the bridged ion intermediate aromatic or not?
What is the way to quickly identify aromaticity? |
The energy band of valence electrons gets smaller and smaller when the lattice (bulk) atoms are more and more separated from each other, until discrete energy levels are formed, due to the isolation of the atoms from each other (see image below).
What happens with energy levels of core electrons in the bulk, as the ... |
Do core electrons have discrete energy levels in bulk material? |
What substance has the lowest $K_{sp}$? What is the value of its $K_{sp}$? The lowest I could find is $2.6*10^{-124}$ for cobalt(III) sulfide. |
What substance has the lowest Ksp value? |
450g chocolate Easter rabbit and end up eating the whole thing! The enthalpy of combustion of chocolate is –22.4 kJ/g. One kilogram of body fat contains 39 000 kJ of energy. Walking for an hour uses up 690 kJ of energy. For how many hours do you have to walk to use up the energy consumed?
So far i have calculated te... |
using up the energy consumed? |
Why does SiH4 readily polymerize at RTP but ethene does not (requires catalyst)? |
Why does Si2H4 readily polymerize at RTP but ethene does not (requires catalyst)? |
Why ph-ch2-cooh is more acidic than ch3cooh although the equilibrium of ionization lies mainly backward for both of them?
Attempt:-In the ionized form of ph-ch2-cooh we have a ph-ch2- group donating its electron to carbonyl carbon while in case of acetic acid we have a methyl group donating its electron to the carb... |
> What happens with energy levels of core electrons in the bulk, as the
> lattice constant is changed? Do they form a continuous energy band in
> the first place? Why?
Using an organic example, as you move from ethylene to butadiene to hexatriene, you have 1, 2 and 3 bonding and antibonding pi molecular orbitals r... |
> Is it possible to obtain pure, precipitated iron with no oxidation by some chemical process?
Very pure iron can be obtained by pyrolysis of [iron pentacarbonyl](Iron_pentacarbonyl). Iron metal obtained in this manner is in fact called [carbonyl iron](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_iron) and is commercially... |
> Is it possible to obtain pure, precipitated iron with no oxidation by some chemical process?
Very pure iron can be obtained by pyrolysis of [iron pentacarbonyl](Iron_pentacarbonyl). Iron metal obtained in this manner is in fact called [carbonyl iron](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_iron) and is commercially... |
Why $\ce {Ph-CH2-COOH}$ is more acidic than $\ce {CH3COOH}$ although the equilibrium of ionization lies mainly backward for both of them?
Attempt:-In the ionized form of $\ce {Ph-CH2-COOH}$ we have a $\ce {Ph-CH2}$- group donating its electron to carbonyl carbon while in case of acetic acid we have a methyl group d... |
The problem gives that the solubility of Silver dichromate is $8.3x10^(-3) g/100mL$. I need to find Ksp which is supposed to be $2.8x10^(-11)$.
Ksp is [Ag]^2[Cr2O7]
I changed the $8.3x0^(-3)$ from g/mL to mol/L and got $1.9x10^(-8)$.
Silver dichromate breaks into 2 Ag and one dichromate.
So that would be ... |
The sulphate ion has more number of resonance structures than the carbonate ion. Hence, it should be more stable than the carbonate ion.
But my book says that the carbonate ion is stronger than the sulphate ion. Where am I going wrong? |
What is more stable: a carbonate ion or a sulphate ion? |
A strong electrolyte is an electrolyte that completely, or almost completely, ionizes or dissociates in a solution.
My book has a question "In a sasaturated solution of sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO3 the equilibrium with sets in is AgIO3→Ag+ + IO3-"
Is the above statement wrong or is there anything as s... |
Can a strong electrolyte be sparingly solube? |
The problem gives that the solubility of Silver dichromate is $8.3\times10^{-3} g/100mL$. I need to find $K_{sp}$ which is supposed to be $2.8\times10^{-11}$.
$K_{sp}$ is $\ce{[Ag+]^2[Cr2O7^{2-}]}$
I changed the $8.3\times 10^{-3}$ from g/mL to mol/L and got $1.9\times 10^{-8}$.
Silver dichromate breaks into ... |
> The problem gives that the solubility of Silver dichromate is $\mathrm{8.3\cdot10^{-3} g/100\,mL}$.
> […]
> I changed the $8.3\cdot10^{-3}$ from g/mL to mol/L and got $1.9\cdot10^{-8}$.
> […] Were am I going wrong here?
Was the solubility given in $\mathrm{g/100\,mL}$?
$$\mathrm{8.3\cdot... |
> The problem gives that the solubility of Silver dichromate is $\mathrm{8.3\cdot10^{-3} g/100\,mL}$.
> […]
> I changed the $8.3\cdot10^{-3}$ from g/mL to mol/L and got $1.9\cdot10^{-8}$.
> […] Were am I going wrong here?
Was the solubility given in $\mathrm{g/100\,mL}$?
$$\mathrm{8.3\cdot... |
A strong electrolyte is an electrolyte that completely, or almost completely, ionizes or dissociates in a solution.
My book has a question
> In a saturated solution of sparingly soluble strong electrolyte $\ce{AgIO3}$ the equilibrium with sets in is $\ce{AgIO3→Ag+ + IO3-}$
Is the above statement wrong or is the... |
Why is chloroethene said to be a conjugated system?Is it because of p orbitals present in chlorine or something? |
Why is chloroethene said to be a conjugated system? |
The $pK_a$ difference between phenylacetic acid and acid is around 0.5 and the trends become more obvious when other arylalkanoic acids are included in the comparison. Numbers in red are the $pK_a$ values.
![arylalkanoic acids][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/Zk5eJ.png
1. Apparently, phenylacetic acid i... |
I am sitting over a TG diagram of the decomposition steps of hexaurea-chromic-chloride-trihydrate ($\ce{[Cr(CO(NH2)2)6]Cl3 \cdot 3 H2O}$) and cannot really make sense of the products it might decompose into.
![enter image description here][1]
It is clear that water leaves first (-3.5%), and the next step might b... |
The acid in soft drinks dissolves your teeth. Which type of chemical could you use to stop the acid? |
The acid in soft drinks dissolves your teeth. Which type of chemical could you use to stop the acid? |
I get really confused by this:
Order of Melting Points of Group 2 chlorides is: BaCl2 > SrCl2 > CaCl2 > MgCl2 > BeCl2 ..which is completely understandable by Fajan's Rules.
But, The order for Group 1 halides is: NaCl > KCl > RbCl > CsCl > FrCl > LiCl
This is what I dont get! Considering Fajan's Rules, NaCl is ... |
How do we predict the order of Melting points of Group 1 and Group 2 Metal halides? |
What is the difference between them ?
I think radial nodes and spherical nodes mean the same.
And angular and planar mean the same .
Ref.:http://blamp.sites.truman.edu/files/2012/03/Atomic-Orbitals-PowerPoint-Presentation.pdf
And finally how many spherical nodes are there in 2p orbital ? |
I get really confused by this:
The order of melting points of group 2 chlorides is: $$\ce{BaCl2 > SrCl2 > CaCl2 > MgCl2 > BeCl2}$$ This is completely understandable by Fajan's Rules.
But, the order for group 1 halides is: $$\ce{NaCl > KCl > RbCl > CsCl > FrCl > LiCl}$$
This is what I don't get! Considering Faj... |
How do we predict the order of melting points of group 1 and group 2 halides? |
The basic strength is determined by the ability of an ion or molecule to accept a proton. How do I know whether RSH is more stable than ROH?
(R is an alkyl group) |
Why is RS- more basic than RO-? |
Experiment A
3cm metal
0.5M acid
5 degrees temperature change
Experiment B
6cm metal
1M acid
How much would the temperature change be, and how much faster or slower would the reaction take place in?
|
What happens in an acid and metal reaction where the acid is twice as concentrated and the metal twice as much in quantity? |
Is the order of defined by IUPAC or we follow some special conventions to know the order of priority? |
What decides the order of priority of functional groups in organic compounds? |
Why macromolecule ligands such as Crown ethers form more stable complexes than open chain ligands? |
What is the difference between them ?
I think radial nodes and spherical nodes mean the same.
And angular and planar mean the same .
[Reference][1]
And finally how many spherical nodes are there in 2p orbital ?
[1]: http://blamp.sites.truman.edu/files/2012/03/Atomic-Orbitals-PowerPoi... |
Experiment A
3cm metal
0.5M acid
5 degrees temperature change
Experiment B
6cm metal
1M acid
How much would the temperature change be, and how much faster or slower would the reaction take place in?
I thought the answer would be either "the same" or "4x as much". I don't exactly understand the r... |
We have been asked to conduct an analytic project for chemistry. It is important that the project conducted hold social implications and the conclusion achieved help inform people better. Several ideas have come to my mind for such projects, such as determining amount of phosphoric acid in cold drinks, acetic acid in f... |
As you might have guessed: It depends!
1. What is the educational level of the study (High School, College, etc.)?
2. What's the time frame - how many man-hours?
3. What's the equipment of the lab?
4. If equipment or material has to be bought: What is the budget?
5. Is it a plain academic study or is i... |
As you might have guessed: It depends!
1. What is the educational level of the study (High School, College, etc.)?
2. What's the time frame - how many man-hours?
3. What's the equipment of the lab?
4. If equipment or material has to be bought: What is the budget?
5. Is it a plain academic study or is i... |
The following diagram represents the kinetic scheme for cellulose which can be represented by the formula $C_6H_{10}O_5$:
![cellulose kinetic scheme][1]
The reaction rates for each pathway are first-order Arrhenius equations where $A$ is the pre-factor (1/s), $E$ is the activation energy (kcal/kmol), $T$ is the t... |
As you might have guessed: It depends!
1. What is the educational level of the study (High School, College, etc.)?
2. What's the time frame - how many man-hours?
3. What's the equipment of the lab?
4. If equipment or material has to be bought: What is the budget?
5. Is it a plain academic study or is i... |
An initial concentration of biomass is represented by the density of wood as:
$$\cee{700 kg/m^3}$$
If that biomass is assumed to be beech wood, its ultimate analysis is (by weight):
$$\ce{C}=49.05\,\%,\; \ce{H}=5.83\,\%,\; \ce{O}=45\,\%,\; \ce{N}=0.12\,\%$$
Using the ultimate analysis values, the atomic weight of ... |
When something goes wrong with a lithium polymer battery (as are commonly used to power electric models and robots), and it "catches fire", what is actually happening?
What gas or gasses are being released?
[Here's a video of such an event](https://youtu.be/gisdMQbtJqk). |
I know that it corrodes copper, but does it do the same to all brass or bronze compositions? |
Does Gallium (liquid or solid) corrode all forms of brass? |
As we all know that there are 5 tastes : sweet, sour, bitter, umami, salty.
So what chemicals are there that help form these tastes, in other words how do our tastebuds experience these tastes?
----------
Also can there be more tastes than these basic five. I am not saying that there should be a blend of these ... |
What chemicals help define "taste"? |
In my previous occupation the usage of bleach--$NaClO$--I found was quite staggering, and based off of the health issues that I and other coworkers were having, I wanted to see how close we were cutting it to being over exposure limits. Taking the definition, $$ 1 \, \, ppm = \frac{1 \,\,mg \,\,solute}{1 \,\,L \,\,solv... |
My teacher isn't very good at helping me solve this problem, so I found this amazing website. I just have one question. I keep getting the answer but I don't know why I am getting it. Could you please help me understand this problem and why you should do this specific step?
> A 1.00g sample of $\ce{Na2CO3 * 10H2O}$ ... |
How strong can an acid be without it being supersaturated? Is there a certain limit to how strong an acid or base can be?
I am talking about dissolving in water since an acid needs some sort of solvent to dissociate.
> In other words what is the <em>least</em> amount of $\ce{H2O}$ needed
> for an **acid** or a ... |
How "acidic" can an acid be? |
The ultimate analysis (by weight percent) for beech wood is:
$$\ce{C}=49.05\,\%,\; \ce{H}=5.83\,\%,\; \ce{O}=45\,\%,\; \ce{N}=0.12\,\%$$
Using the ultimate analysis values, the molar mass of each element, and assuming 100 grams of wood (therefore C = 49.05 g, H = 5.83 g, etc.), a representative formula for the beech ... |
How strong can an acid be without it being supersaturated? Is there a certain limit to how strong an acid or base can be?
I am talking about dissolving in water since an acid needs some sort of solvent to dissociate.
> In other words what is the <em>least</em> amount of $\ce{H2O}$ needed
> for an **acid** or a ... |
How strong can an acid be without it being supersaturated? Is there a certain limit to how strong an acid or base can be?
I am talking about dissolving in water since an acid needs some sort of solvent to dissociate.
> In other words what is the <em>least</em> amount of $\ce{H2O}$ needed
> for an **acid** or a ... |
> Why does $\ce{Si2H4}$ readily polymerize at RTP but ethene does not?
$\ce{Si2H4}$, the silicon analogue of ethylene, is referred to as **disilene**, a member of the silene family.
![enter image description here][1]
The silicon atoms in disilene are $\ce{sp^2}$ hybridized and the orbitals overlap to form b... |
Are you suggesting that if an acid molecule is surrounded by a sufficiently small number of water molecules, then it might display lower than 100% ionization even if it is a "strong acid" ($pK_a<-1.76$)? That is true; some acids we commonly consider to be strong, such as nitric, hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, will not... |
Sulfurous acid, H2SO3, is a diprotic acid.
Ka1 = 1.6 x 10^-2
Ka2 = 6.4 x 10^-8
Is it possible to find the concentration of SO32- from this?
I would think you would need to know the concentration of at least one thing. It is like trying to solve for 3 unknowns with 2 equations! |
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