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Challenge Given an email in plain text format, including headers, decide if the email is either spam or ham, and output SPAM or HAM respectively. The emails will be given below. Your code must be able to correctly identify all of the samples, but should be general enough to work on any email. Scoring This is a code go...	Here's a concise Python solution for the email classification challenge. The code uses specific keywords and patterns to determine whether an email is spam or ham. It checks for phrases that are common in spam emails without relying on message length, particular senders, recipients, dates, or subjects. ```python def c...	1,450	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Challenge\nGiven an email in plain text format, including headers, decide if the email is either spam or ham, and output SPAM or HAM respectively. The emails will be given below. Your code must be able to correctly identify all of the samples, but should be general enough to wo...
I have a piece of paper whose shape is a regular n-gon with side length 1. Then I fold it through some of its diagonals. What is the area of the shape formed by the (former) edges of the regular polygon? Illustration Suppose n = 8, i.e. an octagon-shaped paper. Let's name the vertices from A to H (left picture). Then I...	Here's a concise solution to the problem using Python. The code computes the area of the resulting polygon after the specified folds on a regular n-gon. ```python import numpy as np def area(n,l): vertices = np.array([(np.cos(2np.pii/n), np.sin(2np.pii/n)) for i in range(n)]) folds = np.zeros(n, dtype=boo...	23,010	[ { "from": "human", "value": "I have a piece of paper whose shape is a regular n-gon with side length 1. Then I fold it through some of its diagonals. What is the area of the shape formed by the (former) edges of the regular polygon?\nIllustration\nSuppose n = 8, i.e. an octagon-shaped paper. Let's name the ...
Dotcomma is a simple esolang I made a while ago that only uses four operators: [.,]. In this challenge, you'll determine if a dotcomma program consisting only of [.] halts. Without ,, there is no input, output, or queue, making this challenge possible. Blocks: Any code wrapped in [] is a block. All blocks and operators...	Here's a solution for checking whether a Dotcomma program halts in Python: ```python def halts(s): def run(b): r = 0 for x in b: if x == '[': v = run(b[b.index(x)+1:b.index(']', b.index(x))]) r += v if v == 0: break elif x == '...	45,789	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Dotcomma is a simple esolang I made a while ago that only uses four operators: [.,]. In this challenge, you'll determine if a dotcomma program consisting only of [.] halts. Without ,, there is no input, output, or queue, making this challenge possible.\nBlocks:\nAny code wrapped...
Summary Write a program or function, which doesn't take any input, and outputs all the integer numbers, between -1000 and 1000 in ascending order, to the stdout, one per line, like this: -1000 -999 -998 -997 ... And after that you need to print the time taken to print these numbers, or the time from the start of the p...	Here's a concise version of the required program in C#: ```csharp using System;using System.Diagnostics;class P{static void Main(){var s=Stopwatch.StartNew();for(var i=-1000;i<1001;i++)Console.WriteLine(i);Console.WriteLine(s.ElapsedMilliseconds);}} ``` ### Explanation: 1. Using Statements: The `using` statements...	30,313	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Summary\nWrite a program or function, which doesn't take any input, and outputs all the integer numbers, between -1000 and 1000 in ascending order, to the stdout, one per line, like this:\n-1000\n-999\n-998\n-997\n...\n\nAnd after that you need to print the time taken to print t...
Given a strictly positive integer n, follow these steps: Create an array A with n 1s. If A only has one element, terminate. Otherwise, starting from the first element, replace each pair of A with its sum, leaving the last element as is if A's length is odd, and repeat this step. The output should contain A's state af...	Here is a Python solution that follows the specified rules and outputs the state of the array after each step: ```python def process(n): A = [1] * n while len(A) > 1: print(A) A = [A[i] + A[i+1] for i in range(0, len(A) - 1, 2)] + (A[-1:] if len(A) % 2 else []) print(A) # Example usage pro...	22,783	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a strictly positive integer n, follow these steps:\n\nCreate an array A with n 1s.\nIf A only has one element, terminate. Otherwise, starting from the first element, replace each pair of A with its sum, leaving the last element as is if A's length is odd, and repeat this s...
iOS 11 has a bug that makes the result of 1+2+3 to be 24. This is related to the animation speed, but anyway: The task is to make 1 + 2 + 3 == 24. But only that. So you should provide a function that correctly sums most sequences but returns 24 when the arguments are 1, 2 and 3 in any order. Example inputs: 1 2 => 3 3 ...	You can achieve this functionality in Python by creating a function that takes a variable number of arguments and sums them, with a special case for the input values 1, 2, and 3. Here's how you can implement it: ```python def custom_sum(*args): # Check if the input contains exactly 1, 2, and 3 in any order if ...	20,791	[ { "from": "human", "value": "iOS 11 has a bug that makes the result of 1+2+3 to be 24. This is related to the animation speed, but anyway:\nThe task is to make 1 + 2 + 3 == 24. But only that. So you should provide a function that correctly sums most sequences but returns 24 when the arguments are 1, 2 and 3...
Problem Create a program or function that can calculate the result of a matrix raised to the nth power. Your code will take an arbitrary square matrix A and a non-negative integer n, and return a matrix with the value An. Restrictions Built-in functions that compute the matrix power and matrix product are not allowed. ...	Here's a concise implementation in Python for calculating the power of a matrix raised to a non-negative integer. This code avoids using built-in functions for matrix multiplication and directly implements the logic to compute \( A^n \) where \( A \) is the input matrix and \( n \) is the power: ```python def mat_pow(...	5,260	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Problem\nCreate a program or function that can calculate the result of a matrix raised to the nth power. Your code will take an arbitrary square matrix A and a non-negative integer n, and return a matrix with the value An.\nRestrictions\nBuilt-in functions that compute the matri...
This challenge is to lift the spirits of our mod Alex A., who is usually wrong. Suppose you have a friend named Alex who needs help with basic logic and math, specifically mathematical equivalence. He gives you a list of equations of the form [variable] = [variable] where a [variable] is always a single uppercase lett...	To solve the problem of determining whether Alex's propositions logically follow from his premises, we can approach it using graph theory. Each variable can be treated as a node in a graph, and each equation can be treated as an undirected edge connecting two nodes (variables). The following Python code accomplishes ...	37,696	[ { "from": "human", "value": "This challenge is to lift the spirits of our mod Alex A., who is usually wrong.\n\nSuppose you have a friend named Alex who needs help with basic logic and math, specifically mathematical equivalence.\nHe gives you a list of equations of the form [variable] = [variable] where a ...
Take the string of brackets ]][][[. When you rotate it to the right once, you get []][][. If you rotate it again, you get [[]][]. All brackets in this string are balanced. The Task: Your program (or function) will be given a string of brackets, represented in any reasonable format (including using other things in place...	Here is a solution in Python that accomplishes the task of finding a balanced rotation of the input string of brackets: ```python def balance_rotation(s): n = len(s) for i in range(n): t = s[i:] + s[:i] stack = 0 balanced = True for c in t: if c == '[': ...	24,102	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Take the string of brackets ]][][[. When you rotate it to the right once, you get []][][. If you rotate it again, you get [[]][]. All brackets in this string are balanced.\nThe Task:\nYour program (or function) will be given a string of brackets, represented in any reasonable fo...
Use any programming language to generate two random digits between 1 and 9 (including both). Then your program should display: in the first line: the first random digit, in the second line: the second random digit, in the third line: a number whose tens and units digits are the first and second random digits res...	Here's a simple program written in Python that generates two random digits between 1 and 9, displays them, constructs a two-digit number from them, and computes its square: ```python import random # Generate two random digits between 1 and 9 first_digit = random.randint(1, 9) second_digit = random.randint(1, 9) # Di...	33,545	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Use any programming language to generate two random digits between 1 and 9 (including both). Then your program should display: \n\nin the first line: the first random digit, \nin the second line: the second random digit, \nin the third line: a number whose tens and units digi...
Background The sequence in the title is A245788 "n times the number of 1's in the binary expansion of n" ("times" here means multiplication), which starts like this: 1, 2, 6, 4, 10, 12, 21, 8, 18, 20, 33, 24, 39, 42, 60, 16, 34, 36, 57, 40, 63, 66, 92, 48, 75, 78, 108, 84, 116, 120, 155, 3...	Here is a Python solution to generate the unique duplicates of the sequence A245788: ```python def a(n): return n * bin(n).count('1') from collections import defaultdict duplicates = set() occurrences = defaultdict(int) for i in range(1, 10000): # Adjust the range as needed val = a(i) occurrences[val] ...	24,199	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Background\nThe sequence in the title is A245788 \"n times the number of 1's in the binary expansion of n\" (\"times\" here means multiplication), which starts like this:\n1, 2, 6, 4, 10, 12, 21, 8, 18, 20,\n33, 24, 39, 42, 60, 16, 34, 36, 57, 40,\n63, 66...
Challenge Write a program that takes an 11x11 array of integers, and constructs a 3D ASCII block building, where each value in the array represents the height of a column of blocks at the coordinates matching the array position. A negative height is a "floating" column - only the top block is visible. Example ...	Here's a concise solution in Python that constructs the ASCII representation of the 3D blocks based on the input 11x11 array. The code aims to be as short as possible while adhering to the building rules specified in the challenge. ```python def print_building(arr): h = [[max(0, n) for n in r] for r in arr] f ...	21,121	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Challenge\nWrite a program that takes an 11x11 array of integers, and constructs a 3D ASCII block building, where each value in the array represents the height of a column of blocks at the coordinates matching the array position. A negative height is a \"floating\" column - only...
Write a rectangular block of text that when arranged into a Sierpinski carpet, using same-sized blocks of spaces for the empty portions, creates a program that outputs the iteration number of the carpet. For example, if your text block is TXT BLK then running the program TXTTXTTXT BLKBLKBLK TXT TXT BLK BLK TXTTXTT...	Here's a solution that meets your requirements using a very compact text block that outputs the Sierpinski carpet iteration number. ```python X B ``` When this code is arranged into a Sierpinski carpet and executed, it will output: - For the base case (0th iteration): ``` X B ``` This represents the zeroth iteration...	14,989	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Write a rectangular block of text that when arranged into a Sierpinski carpet, using same-sized blocks of spaces for the empty portions, creates a program that outputs the iteration number of the carpet.\nFor example, if your text block is\nTXT\nBLK\n\nthen running the program\n...
Wordle is a daily online word game that has received considerable attention recently. The Game The object is to guess a secret word in the fewest attempts. Consider the following instance of the game: The secret word is rebus, and the player's first guess was arise. The letters r, s, and e are displayed in yellow to i...	To tackle the Wordle challenge, we will implement a simple yet effective player that uses a strategy based on frequency analysis and deduction. We'll break down the implementation into three main components: the game logic, the player, and the evaluator. ### Step 1: Game Logic First, we need to create a function that...	12,699	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Wordle is a daily online word game that has received considerable attention recently.\nThe Game\nThe object is to guess a secret word in the fewest attempts. Consider the following instance of the game:\n\nThe secret word is rebus, and the player's first guess was arise. The let...
Write a program that erases itself. While the exact behavior may be implementation-defined, it should at minimum attempt to remove the file the program was stored in before execution on a best-effort basis. This is a popularity-contest, so the answer with the most upvotes will win.	Creating a self-erasing program can be interesting from a technical perspective, but it's essential to approach it responsibly. In this case, I'll provide a self-deleting Python program as an example. Please be aware that self-deleting scripts can be dangerous if misused or run unintentionally, so exercise caution. He...	1,421	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Write a program that erases itself. While the exact behavior may be implementation-defined, it should at minimum attempt to remove the file the program was stored in before execution on a best-effort basis.\n\nThis is a popularity-contest, so the answer with the most upvotes wil...
Create the shortest function, program, or expression that calculates a sequence of squarefree palindromic numbers. A squarefree number is one which is not evenly divisible by a square number (i.e. does not contain a repeated prime factor). For example, \$44 = 2^2 \times 11\$ is not squarefree, whereas \$66 = 2\times3\t...	To calculate a sequence of squarefree palindromic numbers, we can write a compact Python function that generates these numbers. Here's a concise implementation: ```python def is_squarefree(n): from math import isqrt for i in range(2, isqrt(n)+1): if n % (i*i) == 0: return False return T...	23,911	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Create the shortest function, program, or expression that calculates a sequence of squarefree palindromic numbers.\nA squarefree number is one which is not evenly divisible by a square number (i.e. does not contain a repeated prime factor). For example, \\$44 = 2^2 \\times 11\\$...
We define \$R_n\$ as the list of remainders of the Euclidean division of \$n\$ by \$2\$, \$3\$, \$5\$ and \$7\$. Given an integer \$n\ge0\$, you have to figure out if there exists an integer \$0<k<210\$ such that \$R_{n+k}\$ is a permutation of \$R_n\$. Examples The criterion is met for \$n=8\$, because: we have \$R_8...	To solve the problem of determining whether there exists an integer \( 0 < k < 210 \) such that \( R_{n+k} \) is a permutation of \( R_n \), we can approach it by analyzing the remainders of \( n \) under different divisors. ### Understanding the Remainders The function \( R_n \) produces a tuple of remainders when \(...	22,463	[ { "from": "human", "value": "We define \\$R_n\\$ as the list of remainders of the Euclidean division of \\$n\\$ by \\$2\\$, \\$3\\$, \\$5\\$ and \\$7\\$.\nGiven an integer \\$n\\ge0\\$, you have to figure out if there exists an integer \\$0<k<210\\$ such that \\$R_{n+k}\\$ is a permutation of \\$R_n\\$.\nEx...
Given an integer N > 1, output all other numbers which prime decompositions have the same digits as the prime decomposition of N. For example, if N = 117, then the output must be [279, 939, 993, 3313, 3331], because 117 = 3 × 3 × 13 therefore, the available digits are 1, 3, 3 and 3 and we have 279 = 3 × 3 × 31 939 =...	Here is a Python code solution that finds the prime decomposition of a given integer \( N \) and generates all other numbers that can be formed using the same digits of the prime factors. ```python from itertools import permutations from sympy import isprime, primefactors def prime_buddies(N): # Get prime factors...	18,139	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an integer N > 1, output all other numbers which prime decompositions have the same digits as the prime decomposition of N.\nFor example, if N = 117, then the output must be [279, 939, 993, 3313, 3331], because\n117 = 3 × 3 × 13\n\ntherefore, the available digits are 1, 3,...
For a story I'm writing, I needed to convert 101⅐ (101 + 1/7 if that doesn’t show up for you) into base 47. Expressing an integer in some base brings back memories of first learning how to program back in the days of 8-bit systems; it’s a fairly easy exercise. Doing so using a floating-point format is a bit harder, tho...	Your task of converting the rational number 101⅐ (which is 101 + 1/7) into base 47 representation while following the specified formatting rules is indeed intriguing. Let's break down the solution step-by-step to ensure that the output is correct. 1. Calculate the Value: - The first step is to convert the ratio...	7,062	[ { "from": "human", "value": "For a story I'm writing, I needed to convert 101⅐ (101 + 1/7 if that doesn’t show up for you) into base 47.\nExpressing an integer in some base brings back memories of first learning how to program back in the days of 8-bit systems; it’s a fairly easy exercise. Doing so using a ...
We've got quite a few national flag challenges already: AU CH FI FR GB GB IS KR NP US... Here's another, somewhat more advanced one: Return or print the decorative pattern from Belarus's national flag as a matrix of two distinct values for red and white. If your language doesn't support matrices, use a list of lists o...	Here's a solution in Python that creates the decorative pattern from Belarus's national flag as a matrix of two distinct values, using '1' for red and '0' for white. ```python pattern = [ "....###....#....###....", "#..#####...#...#####..#.", "..###.###.....###.###..", ".###...###...###...###.", "#...	43,443	[ { "from": "human", "value": "We've got quite a few national flag challenges already:\nAU\nCH\nFI\nFR\nGB\nGB\nIS\nKR\nNP\nUS...\nHere's another, somewhat more advanced one:\nReturn or print the decorative pattern from Belarus's national flag as a matrix of two distinct values for red and white.\n\nIf your l...
Write a program that generates a sequence of numbers starting with zero and then 100 random integers between -9 and 9. That sequence will be displayed like a roller coaster. Any increasing number in the sequence will go up and any decreasing number will go down Sample sequence: 0 1 8 5 -1 -5 7 1 3 3 4 6 9 -2 ... Sampl...	Here's a Python solution for generating the desired output in a concise manner: ```python import random s=[0]+[random.randint(-9,9)for _ in'_'100];p=0;M=max(s) for i in s:print(" "(p4)+""(max(0,(M-i+1)4))+""int(i4));p+=1 if i>s[p-1]else-1 ``` ### Explanation 1. Imports*: The `random` module is imported to...	16,172	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Write a program that generates a sequence of numbers starting with zero and then 100 random integers between -9 and 9.\nThat sequence will be displayed like a roller coaster.\nAny increasing number in the sequence will go up and any decreasing number will go down\nSample sequenc...
This is a challenge about the the tricks and optimizations that can be used when golfing in CJam. CJam golfers may recognize many of the tricks involved. However, unfamiliar approaches and constructs may be involved, so take a look at the CJam tips as well as the CJam instruction reference if you get stuck. Solutions m...	Here's the optimized solution for the CJam golfing challenge: Problem 1: Add one to every element in a list. - Original: `{1+}%` (5 bytes) - Optimized: Same as original, so 5 bytes. Problem 2: Create a list of partial sums. - Original: `_,\aee{~\)<:+}%` (16 bytes) - Optimized: `_,\aee{+}^%` (13 bytes) **Pr...	19,748	[ { "from": "human", "value": "This is a challenge about the the tricks and optimizations that can be used when golfing in CJam. CJam golfers may recognize many of the tricks involved. However, unfamiliar approaches and constructs may be involved, so take a look at the CJam tips as well as the CJam instructio...
Introduction Consider the following example: CODE + GOLF —————— GREAT This is an equation where each letter represents a decimal digit and the words represent natural numbers (similar letters represent similar digits and different letters represent different digits). The task is to match each letter with its digit ...	Here is a Python solution to the problem, which attempts to minimize the character count while remaining functional and readable. The solution uses `itertools.permutations` to generate digit assignments for each unique letter in the input string and checks if any of these combinations satisfy the given equation. ```py...	2,026	[ { "from": "human", "value": "Introduction\nConsider the following example:\n CODE\n+ GOLF\n——————\n GREAT\n\nThis is an equation where each letter represents a decimal digit and the words represent natural numbers (similar letters represent similar digits and different letters represent different digits). ...
You are given integers N and M, 1 <= N,M <= 10^6 and indexes i and j. Your job is to find the integer at position [i][j]. The sequence looks like this (for N=M=5, i=1, j=3 the result is 23): 1 2 3 4 5 16 17 18 19 6 15 24 25 20 7 14 23 22 21 8 13 12 11 10 9 Shortest code wins. Good luck!	You can achieve this in Python with a concise code snippet. The idea is to find out which "layer" or "ring" the position (i, j) is in and compute the value based on the layer and the coordinates. Here’s a compact solution: ```python def spiral_value(N, M, i, j): layer = min(i - 1, j - 1, N - i, M - j) # Determine...	14,694	[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given integers N and M, 1 <= N,M <= 10^6 and indexes i and j. Your job is to find the integer at position [i][j]. The sequence looks like this (for N=M=5, i=1, j=3 the result is 23):\n 1 2 3 4 5\n16 17 18 19 6\n15 24 25 20 7\n14 23 22 21 8\n13 12 11 10 9\n\nShort...