mneb/sci-erc · Datasets at Hugging Face

input stringlengths 37 565	output dict	schema listlengths 0 0
Our new methods use the EIoEU approximation paired with high quality candidate solutions .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "EIoEU approximation", "start": 24, "end": 43 }, "tail": { "text": "methods", "start": 8, "end": 15 } } ] } }	[]
Experimentally we show that our new approaches lead to improved performance on both image segmentation tasks .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "image segmentation tasks", "start": 84, "end": 108 }, "tail": { "text": "approaches", "start": 36, "end": 46 } } ] } }	[]
Later , however , Breiman cast serious doubt on this explanation by introducing a boosting algorithm , arc-gv , that can generate a higher margins distribution than AdaBoost and yet performs worse .	{ "relations": { "hyponym of": [ { "head": { "text": "arc-gv", "start": 103, "end": 109 }, "tail": { "text": "boosting algorithm", "start": 82, "end": 100 } } ], "used for": [ { "head": { ...	[]
Although we can reproduce his main finding , we find that the poorer performance of arc-gv can be explained by the increased complexity of the base classifiers it uses , an explanation supported by our experiments and entirely consistent with the margins theory .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "complexity", "start": 125, "end": 135 }, "tail": { "text": "base classifiers", "start": 143, "end": 159 } } ], "hyponym of": [ { "he...	[]
The transfer phase in machine translation -LRB- MT -RRB- systems has been considered to be more complicated than analysis and generation , since it is inherently a conglomeration of individual lexical rules .	{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "transfer phase", "start": 4, "end": 18 }, "tail": { "text": "machine translation -LRB- MT -RRB- systems", "start": 22, "end": 64 } } ], "compare": [ ...	[]
Currently some attempts are being made to use case-based reasoning in machine translation , that is , to make decisions on the basis of translation examples at appropriate pints in MT .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "case-based reasoning", "start": 46, "end": 66 }, "tail": { "text": "machine translation", "start": 70, "end": 89 } } ] } }	[]
This paper proposes a new type of transfer system , called a Similarity-driven Transfer System -LRB- SimTran -RRB- , for use in such case-based MT -LRB- CBMT -RRB- .	{ "relations": { "hyponym of": [ { "head": { "text": "Similarity-driven Transfer System -LRB- SimTran -RRB-", "start": 61, "end": 114 }, "tail": { "text": "transfer system", "start": 34, "end": 49 } } ], ...	[]
This paper addresses the problem of optimal alignment of non-rigid surfaces from multi-view video observations to obtain a temporally consistent representation .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "optimal alignment of non-rigid surfaces", "start": 36, "end": 75 }, "tail": { "text": "temporally consistent representation", "start": 123, "end": 159 } }, ...	[]
Conventional non-rigid surface tracking performs frame-to-frame alignment which is subject to the accumulation of errors resulting in a drift over time .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "frame-to-frame alignment", "start": 49, "end": 73 }, "tail": { "text": "non-rigid surface tracking", "start": 13, "end": 39 } } ] } }	[]
Recently , non-sequential tracking approaches have been introduced which reorder the input data based on a dissimilarity measure .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "dissimilarity measure", "start": 107, "end": 128 }, "tail": { "text": "non-sequential tracking approaches", "start": 11, "end": 45 } } ] } }	[]
They demonstrate a reduced drift and increased robustness to large non-rigid deformations .	{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "robustness", "start": 47, "end": 57 }, "tail": { "text": "non-rigid deformations", "start": 67, "end": 89 } } ] } }	[]
Optimisation of the tree for non-sequential tracking , which minimises the errors in temporal consistency due to both the drift and the jumps , is proposed .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Optimisation of the tree", "start": 0, "end": 24 }, "tail": { "text": "non-sequential tracking", "start": 29, "end": 52 } } ], "evaluate for": [ ...	[]
A novel cluster tree enforces sequential tracking in local segments of the sequence while allowing global non-sequential traversal among these segments .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "cluster tree", "start": 8, "end": 20 }, "tail": { "text": "sequential tracking in local segments", "start": 30, "end": 67 } }, { "head": { ...	[]
Comprehensive evaluation is performed on a variety of challenging non-rigid surfaces including face , cloth and people .	{ "relations": { "hyponym of": [ { "head": { "text": "face", "start": 79, "end": 83 }, "tail": { "text": "non-rigid surfaces", "start": 66, "end": 84 } }, { "head": { "text": "cloth", ...	[]
It demonstrates that the proposed cluster tree achieves better temporal consistency than the previous sequential and non-sequential tracking approaches .	{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "cluster tree", "start": 34, "end": 46 }, "tail": { "text": "sequential and non-sequential tracking approaches", "start": 102, "end": 151 } } ], "evalua...	[]
Quantitative analysis on a created synthetic facial performance also shows an improvement by the cluster tree .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "synthetic facial performance", "start": 35, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "cluster tree", "start": 97, "end": 109 } } ] } }	[]
The translation of English text into American Sign Language -LRB- ASL -RRB- animation tests the limits of traditional MT architectural designs .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "MT architectural designs", "start": 118, "end": 142 }, "tail": { "text": "translation of English text into American Sign Language -LRB- ASL -RRB- animation", "start": 4, "e...	[]
A new semantic representation is proposed that uses virtual reality 3D scene modeling software to produce spatially complex ASL phenomena called '' classifier predicates . ''	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "semantic representation", "start": 6, "end": 29 }, "tail": { "text": "spatially complex ASL phenomena", "start": 106, "end": 137 } }, { "head": ...	[]
The model acts as an interlingua within a new multi-pathway MT architecture design that also incorporates transfer and direct approaches into a single system .	{ "relations": { "conjunction": [ { "head": { "text": "transfer", "start": 106, "end": 114 }, "tail": { "text": "direct approaches", "start": 119, "end": 136 } } ], "part of": [ { "head": ...	[]
An extension to the GPSG grammatical formalism is proposed , allowing non-terminals to consist of finite sequences of category labels , and allowing schematic variables to range over such sequences .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "GPSG grammatical formalism", "start": 20, "end": 46 }, "tail": { "text": "extension", "start": 3, "end": 12 } } ] } }	[]
The extension is shown to be sufficient to provide a strongly adequate grammar for crossed serial dependencies , as found in e.g. Dutch subordinate clauses .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "extension", "start": 4, "end": 13 }, "tail": { "text": "grammar", "start": 71, "end": 78 } }, { "head": { "text": "grammar", ...	[]
The extension is shown to be parseable by a simple extension to an existing parsing method for GPSG .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "extension", "start": 4, "end": 13 }, "tail": { "text": "extension", "start": 4, "end": 13 } }, { "head": { "text": "parsing method", ...	[]
This paper presents an approach to localizing functional objects in surveillance videos without domain knowledge about semantic object classes that may appear in the scene .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "approach", "start": 23, "end": 31 }, "tail": { "text": "localizing functional objects", "start": 35, "end": 64 } }, { "head": { "text"...	[]
A Bayesian framework is used to probabilistically model : people 's trajectories and intents , constraint map of the scene , and locations of functional objects .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Bayesian framework", "start": 2, "end": 20 }, "tail": { "text": "people 's trajectories and intents", "start": 58, "end": 92 } }, { "head": { ...	[]
A data-driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo -LRB- MCMC -RRB- process is used for inference .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "data-driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo -LRB- MCMC -RRB- process", "start": 2, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "inference", "start": 76, "end": 85 } } ] } }	[]
Our evaluation on videos of public squares and courtyards demonstrates our effectiveness in localizing functional objects and predicting people 's trajectories in unobserved parts of the video footage .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "videos of public squares and courtyards", "start": 18, "end": 57 }, "tail": { "text": "localizing functional objects", "start": 92, "end": 121 } }, ...	[]
We propose a process model for hierarchical perceptual sound organization , which recognizes perceptual sounds included in incoming sound signals .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "process model", "start": 13, "end": 26 }, "tail": { "text": "hierarchical perceptual sound organization", "start": 31, "end": 73 } } ], "part of": [ ...	[]
We consider perceptual sound organization as a scene analysis problem in the auditory domain .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "scene analysis problem", "start": 47, "end": 69 }, "tail": { "text": "perceptual sound organization", "start": 12, "end": 41 } } ], "feature of": [ ...	[]
Our model consists of multiple processing modules and a hypothesis network for quantitative integration of multiple sources of information .	{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "processing modules", "start": 31, "end": 49 }, "tail": { "text": "model", "start": 4, "end": 9 } }, { "head": { "text": "hypothesis net...	[]
On the hypothesis network , individual information is integrated and an optimal internal model of perceptual sounds is automatically constructed .	{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "internal model", "start": 80, "end": 94 }, "tail": { "text": "hypothesis network", "start": 7, "end": 25 } } ], "used for": [ { "head": {...	[]
Based on the model , a music scene analysis system has been developed for acoustic signals of ensemble music , which recognizes rhythm , chords , and source-separated musical notes .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "music scene analysis system", "start": 23, "end": 50 }, "tail": { "text": "acoustic signals of ensemble music", "start": 74, "end": 108 } }, { "...	[]
Experimental results show that our method has permitted autonomous , stable and effective information integration to construct the internal model of hierarchical perceptual sounds .	{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "information integration", "start": 90, "end": 113 }, "tail": { "text": "method", "start": 35, "end": 41 } } ], "used for": [ { "head":...	[]
We directly investigate a subject of much recent debate : do word sense disambigation models help statistical machine translation quality ?	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "word sense disambigation models", "start": 61, "end": 92 }, "tail": { "text": "statistical machine translation quality", "start": 98, "end": 137 } } ] }...	[]
Using a state-of-the-art Chinese word sense disambiguation model to choose translation candidates for a typical IBM statistical MT system , we find that word sense disambiguation does not yield significantly better translation quality than the statistical machine translation system alone .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Chinese word sense disambiguation model", "start": 25, "end": 64 }, "tail": { "text": "translation candidates", "start": 75, "end": 97 } }, { "h...	[]
Image sequence processing techniques are used to study exchange , growth , and transport processes and to tackle key questions in environmental physics and biology .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Image sequence processing techniques", "start": 0, "end": 36 }, "tail": { "text": "exchange , growth , and transport processes", "start": 55, "end": 98 } } ...	[]
These applications require high accuracy for the estimation of the motion field since the most interesting parameters of the dynamical processes studied are contained in first-order derivatives of the motion field or in dynamical changes of the moving objects .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "accuracy", "start": 32, "end": 40 }, "tail": { "text": "estimation of the motion field", "start": 49, "end": 79 } } ], "used for": [ { ...	[]
A tensor method tuned with carefully optimized derivative filters yields reliable and dense displacement vector fields -LRB- DVF -RRB- with an accuracy of up to a few hundredth pixels/frame for real-world images .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "derivative filters", "start": 47, "end": 65 }, "tail": { "text": "tensor method", "start": 2, "end": 15 } }, { "head": { "text": "real...	[]
The accuracy of the tensor method is verified with computer-generated sequences and a calibrated image sequence .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "accuracy", "start": 4, "end": 12 }, "tail": { "text": "tensor method", "start": 20, "end": 33 } }, { "head": { "text": "computer-g...	[]
With the improvements in accuracy the motion estimation is now rather limited by imperfections in the CCD sensors , especially the spatial nonuni-formity in the responsivity .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "accuracy", "start": 25, "end": 33 }, "tail": { "text": "motion estimation", "start": 38, "end": 55 } } ], "used for": [ { "head": { ...	[]
The application of the techniques to the analysis of plant growth , to ocean surface microturbulence in IR image sequences , and to sediment transport is demonstrated .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "techniques", "start": 23, "end": 33 }, "tail": { "text": "analysis of plant growth", "start": 41, "end": 65 } }, { "head": { "text": "...	[]
We present a Czech-English statistical machine translation system which performs tree-to-tree translation of dependency structures .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Czech-English statistical machine translation system", "start": 13, "end": 65 }, "tail": { "text": "tree-to-tree translation of dependency structures", "start": 81, "end": ...	[]
The only bilingual resource required is a sentence-aligned parallel corpus .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "sentence-aligned parallel corpus", "start": 42, "end": 74 }, "tail": { "text": "bilingual resource", "start": 9, "end": 27 } } ] } }	[]
We also refer to an evaluation method and plan to compare our system 's output with a benchmark system .	{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 62, "end": 68 }, "tail": { "text": "benchmark system", "start": 86, "end": 102 } } ] } }	[]
This paper describes the understanding process of the spatial descriptions in Japanese .	{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "Japanese", "start": 78, "end": 86 }, "tail": { "text": "spatial descriptions", "start": 54, "end": 74 } } ] } }	[]
To reconstruct the model , the authors extract the qualitative spatial constraints from the text , and represent them as the numerical constraints on the spatial attributes of the entities .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "spatial attributes of the entities", "start": 154, "end": 188 }, "tail": { "text": "numerical constraints", "start": 125, "end": 146 } } ] } }	[]
Such context information is therefore important to characterize the intrinsic representation of a video frame .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "context information", "start": 5, "end": 24 }, "tail": { "text": "intrinsic representation of a video frame", "start": 68, "end": 109 } } ] } }	[]
In this paper , we present a novel approach to learn the deep video representation by exploring both local and holistic contexts .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "approach", "start": 35, "end": 43 }, "tail": { "text": "deep video representation", "start": 57, "end": 82 } }, { "head": { "text": "l...	[]
Specifically , we propose a triplet sampling mechanism to encode the local temporal relationship of adjacent frames based on their deep representations .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "triplet sampling mechanism", "start": 28, "end": 54 }, "tail": { "text": "local temporal relationship of adjacent frames", "start": 69, "end": 115 } }, ...	[]
In addition , we incorporate the graph structure of the video , as a priori , to holistically preserve the inherent correlations among video frames .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "graph structure of the video", "start": 33, "end": 61 }, "tail": { "text": "priori", "start": 69, "end": 75 } } ] } }	[]
Our approach is fully unsupervised and trained in an end-to-end deep convolutional neu-ral network architecture .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "end-to-end deep convolutional neu-ral network architecture", "start": 53, "end": 111 }, "tail": { "text": "approach", "start": 4, "end": 12 } } ] } }	[]
By extensive experiments , we show that our learned representation can significantly boost several video recognition tasks -LRB- retrieval , classification , and highlight detection -RRB- over traditional video representations .	{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "learned representation", "start": 44, "end": 66 }, "tail": { "text": "video representations", "start": 205, "end": 226 } } ], "evaluate for": [ {...	[]
For mobile speech application , speaker DOA estimation accuracy , interference robustness and compact physical size are three key factors .	{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "speaker DOA estimation accuracy", "start": 32, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "mobile speech application", "start": 4, "end": 29 } }, { "head"...	[]
It is achieved by deriving the inter-sensor data ratio model of an AVS in bispectrum domain -LRB- BISDR -RRB- and exploring the favorable properties of bispectrum , such as zero value of Gaussian process and different distribution of speech and NSI .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "It", "start": 0, "end": 2 }, "tail": { "text": "favorable properties", "start": 128, "end": 148 } }, { "head": { "text": "inter-sensor...	[]
Specifically , a reliable bispectrum mask is generated to guarantee that the speaker DOA cues , derived from BISDR , are robust to NSI in terms of speech sparsity and large bispectrum amplitude of the captured signals .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "bispectrum mask", "start": 26, "end": 41 }, "tail": { "text": "speaker DOA cues", "start": 77, "end": 93 } }, { "head": { "text": "BIS...	[]
Intensive experiments demonstrate an improved performance of our proposed algorithm under various NSI conditions even when SIR is smaller than 0dB .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "algorithm", "start": 74, "end": 83 }, "tail": { "text": "NSI conditions", "start": 98, "end": 112 } } ] } }	[]
In this paper , we want to show how the morphological component of an existing NLP-system for Dutch -LRB- Dutch Medical Language Processor - DMLP -RRB- has been extended in order to produce output that is compatible with the language independent modules of the LSP-MLP system -LRB- Linguistic String Project - Medical La...	{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "morphological component", "start": 40, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "NLP-system for Dutch -LRB- Dutch Medical Language Processor - DMLP -RRB-", "start": 79, "end": 151 ...	[]
The former can take advantage of the language independent developments of the latter , while focusing on idiosyncrasies for Dutch .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "latter", "start": 78, "end": 84 }, "tail": { "text": "former", "start": 4, "end": 10 } }, { "head": { "text": "Dutch", "star...	[]
This general strategy will be illustrated by a practical application , namely the highlighting of relevant information in a patient discharge summary -LRB- PDS -RRB- by means of modern HyperText Mark-Up Language -LRB- HTML -RRB- technology .	{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "relevant information", "start": 98, "end": 118 }, "tail": { "text": "patient discharge summary -LRB- PDS -RRB-", "start": 124, "end": 165 } } ], "used ...	[]
Such an application can be of use for medical administrative purposes in a hospital environment .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "application", "start": 8, "end": 19 }, "tail": { "text": "medical administrative purposes", "start": 38, "end": 69 } } ] } }	[]
CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service includes a capability that labels sentences in student writing with essay-based discourse elements -LRB- e.g. , thesis statements -RRB- .	{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "essay-based discourse elements", "start": 112, "end": 142 }, "tail": { "text": "CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service", "start": 0, "end": 43 } } ], ...	[]
We describe a new system that enhances Criterion 's capability , by evaluating multiple aspects of coherence in essays .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 18, "end": 24 }, "tail": { "text": "Criterion 's capability", "start": 39, "end": 62 } } ], "evaluate for": [ { "head"...	[]
This system identifies features of sentences based on semantic similarity measures and discourse structure .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 5, "end": 11 }, "tail": { "text": "features", "start": 23, "end": 31 } }, { "head": { "text": "semantic similarity m...	[]
A support vector machine uses these features to capture breakdowns in coherence due to relatedness to the essay question and relatedness between discourse elements .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "features", "start": 36, "end": 44 }, "tail": { "text": "support vector machine", "start": 2, "end": 24 } }, { "head": { "text": "featu...	[]
Intra-sentential quality is evaluated with rule-based heuristics .	{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "rule-based heuristics", "start": 43, "end": 64 }, "tail": { "text": "Intra-sentential quality", "start": 0, "end": 24 } } ] } }	[]
Results indicate that the system yields higher performance than a baseline on all three aspects .	{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 26, "end": 32 }, "tail": { "text": "baseline", "start": 66, "end": 74 } } ] } }	[]
This paper presents an algorithm for labeling curvilinear structure at multiple scales in line drawings and edge images Symbolic CURVE-ELEMENT tokens residing in a spatially-indexed and scale-indexed data structure denote circular arcs fit to image data .	{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "algorithm", "start": 23, "end": 32 }, "tail": { "text": "labeling curvilinear structure", "start": 37, "end": 67 } } ], "feature of": [ { ...	[]

Our new methods use the EIoEU approximation paired with high quality candidate solutions .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "EIoEU approximation", "start": 24, "end": 43 }, "tail": { "text": "methods", "start": 8, "end": 15 } } ] } }

[]

Experimentally we show that our new approaches lead to improved performance on both image segmentation tasks .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "image segmentation tasks", "start": 84, "end": 108 }, "tail": { "text": "approaches", "start": 36, "end": 46 } } ] } }

[]

Later , however , Breiman cast serious doubt on this explanation by introducing a boosting algorithm , arc-gv , that can generate a higher margins distribution than AdaBoost and yet performs worse .

{ "relations": { "hyponym of": [ { "head": { "text": "arc-gv", "start": 103, "end": 109 }, "tail": { "text": "boosting algorithm", "start": 82, "end": 100 } } ], "used for": [ { "head": { ...

[]

Although we can reproduce his main finding , we find that the poorer performance of arc-gv can be explained by the increased complexity of the base classifiers it uses , an explanation supported by our experiments and entirely consistent with the margins theory .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "complexity", "start": 125, "end": 135 }, "tail": { "text": "base classifiers", "start": 143, "end": 159 } } ], "hyponym of": [ { "he...

[]

The transfer phase in machine translation -LRB- MT -RRB- systems has been considered to be more complicated than analysis and generation , since it is inherently a conglomeration of individual lexical rules .

{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "transfer phase", "start": 4, "end": 18 }, "tail": { "text": "machine translation -LRB- MT -RRB- systems", "start": 22, "end": 64 } } ], "compare": [ ...

[]

Currently some attempts are being made to use case-based reasoning in machine translation , that is , to make decisions on the basis of translation examples at appropriate pints in MT .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "case-based reasoning", "start": 46, "end": 66 }, "tail": { "text": "machine translation", "start": 70, "end": 89 } } ] } }

[]

This paper proposes a new type of transfer system , called a Similarity-driven Transfer System -LRB- SimTran -RRB- , for use in such case-based MT -LRB- CBMT -RRB- .

{ "relations": { "hyponym of": [ { "head": { "text": "Similarity-driven Transfer System -LRB- SimTran -RRB-", "start": 61, "end": 114 }, "tail": { "text": "transfer system", "start": 34, "end": 49 } } ], ...

[]

This paper addresses the problem of optimal alignment of non-rigid surfaces from multi-view video observations to obtain a temporally consistent representation .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "optimal alignment of non-rigid surfaces", "start": 36, "end": 75 }, "tail": { "text": "temporally consistent representation", "start": 123, "end": 159 } }, ...

[]

Conventional non-rigid surface tracking performs frame-to-frame alignment which is subject to the accumulation of errors resulting in a drift over time .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "frame-to-frame alignment", "start": 49, "end": 73 }, "tail": { "text": "non-rigid surface tracking", "start": 13, "end": 39 } } ] } }

[]

Recently , non-sequential tracking approaches have been introduced which reorder the input data based on a dissimilarity measure .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "dissimilarity measure", "start": 107, "end": 128 }, "tail": { "text": "non-sequential tracking approaches", "start": 11, "end": 45 } } ] } }

[]

They demonstrate a reduced drift and increased robustness to large non-rigid deformations .

{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "robustness", "start": 47, "end": 57 }, "tail": { "text": "non-rigid deformations", "start": 67, "end": 89 } } ] } }

[]

Optimisation of the tree for non-sequential tracking , which minimises the errors in temporal consistency due to both the drift and the jumps , is proposed .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Optimisation of the tree", "start": 0, "end": 24 }, "tail": { "text": "non-sequential tracking", "start": 29, "end": 52 } } ], "evaluate for": [ ...

[]

A novel cluster tree enforces sequential tracking in local segments of the sequence while allowing global non-sequential traversal among these segments .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "cluster tree", "start": 8, "end": 20 }, "tail": { "text": "sequential tracking in local segments", "start": 30, "end": 67 } }, { "head": { ...

[]

Comprehensive evaluation is performed on a variety of challenging non-rigid surfaces including face , cloth and people .

{ "relations": { "hyponym of": [ { "head": { "text": "face", "start": 79, "end": 83 }, "tail": { "text": "non-rigid surfaces", "start": 66, "end": 84 } }, { "head": { "text": "cloth", ...

[]

It demonstrates that the proposed cluster tree achieves better temporal consistency than the previous sequential and non-sequential tracking approaches .

{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "cluster tree", "start": 34, "end": 46 }, "tail": { "text": "sequential and non-sequential tracking approaches", "start": 102, "end": 151 } } ], "evalua...

[]

Quantitative analysis on a created synthetic facial performance also shows an improvement by the cluster tree .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "synthetic facial performance", "start": 35, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "cluster tree", "start": 97, "end": 109 } } ] } }

[]

The translation of English text into American Sign Language -LRB- ASL -RRB- animation tests the limits of traditional MT architectural designs .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "MT architectural designs", "start": 118, "end": 142 }, "tail": { "text": "translation of English text into American Sign Language -LRB- ASL -RRB- animation", "start": 4, "e...

[]

A new semantic representation is proposed that uses virtual reality 3D scene modeling software to produce spatially complex ASL phenomena called '' classifier predicates . ''

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "semantic representation", "start": 6, "end": 29 }, "tail": { "text": "spatially complex ASL phenomena", "start": 106, "end": 137 } }, { "head": ...

[]

The model acts as an interlingua within a new multi-pathway MT architecture design that also incorporates transfer and direct approaches into a single system .

{ "relations": { "conjunction": [ { "head": { "text": "transfer", "start": 106, "end": 114 }, "tail": { "text": "direct approaches", "start": 119, "end": 136 } } ], "part of": [ { "head": ...

[]

An extension to the GPSG grammatical formalism is proposed , allowing non-terminals to consist of finite sequences of category labels , and allowing schematic variables to range over such sequences .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "GPSG grammatical formalism", "start": 20, "end": 46 }, "tail": { "text": "extension", "start": 3, "end": 12 } } ] } }

[]

The extension is shown to be sufficient to provide a strongly adequate grammar for crossed serial dependencies , as found in e.g. Dutch subordinate clauses .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "extension", "start": 4, "end": 13 }, "tail": { "text": "grammar", "start": 71, "end": 78 } }, { "head": { "text": "grammar", ...

[]

The extension is shown to be parseable by a simple extension to an existing parsing method for GPSG .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "extension", "start": 4, "end": 13 }, "tail": { "text": "extension", "start": 4, "end": 13 } }, { "head": { "text": "parsing method", ...

[]

This paper presents an approach to localizing functional objects in surveillance videos without domain knowledge about semantic object classes that may appear in the scene .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "approach", "start": 23, "end": 31 }, "tail": { "text": "localizing functional objects", "start": 35, "end": 64 } }, { "head": { "text"...

[]

A Bayesian framework is used to probabilistically model : people 's trajectories and intents , constraint map of the scene , and locations of functional objects .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Bayesian framework", "start": 2, "end": 20 }, "tail": { "text": "people 's trajectories and intents", "start": 58, "end": 92 } }, { "head": { ...

[]

A data-driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo -LRB- MCMC -RRB- process is used for inference .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "data-driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo -LRB- MCMC -RRB- process", "start": 2, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "inference", "start": 76, "end": 85 } } ] } }

[]

Our evaluation on videos of public squares and courtyards demonstrates our effectiveness in localizing functional objects and predicting people 's trajectories in unobserved parts of the video footage .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "videos of public squares and courtyards", "start": 18, "end": 57 }, "tail": { "text": "localizing functional objects", "start": 92, "end": 121 } }, ...

[]

We propose a process model for hierarchical perceptual sound organization , which recognizes perceptual sounds included in incoming sound signals .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "process model", "start": 13, "end": 26 }, "tail": { "text": "hierarchical perceptual sound organization", "start": 31, "end": 73 } } ], "part of": [ ...

[]

We consider perceptual sound organization as a scene analysis problem in the auditory domain .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "scene analysis problem", "start": 47, "end": 69 }, "tail": { "text": "perceptual sound organization", "start": 12, "end": 41 } } ], "feature of": [ ...

[]

Our model consists of multiple processing modules and a hypothesis network for quantitative integration of multiple sources of information .

{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "processing modules", "start": 31, "end": 49 }, "tail": { "text": "model", "start": 4, "end": 9 } }, { "head": { "text": "hypothesis net...

[]

On the hypothesis network , individual information is integrated and an optimal internal model of perceptual sounds is automatically constructed .

{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "internal model", "start": 80, "end": 94 }, "tail": { "text": "hypothesis network", "start": 7, "end": 25 } } ], "used for": [ { "head": {...

[]

Based on the model , a music scene analysis system has been developed for acoustic signals of ensemble music , which recognizes rhythm , chords , and source-separated musical notes .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "music scene analysis system", "start": 23, "end": 50 }, "tail": { "text": "acoustic signals of ensemble music", "start": 74, "end": 108 } }, { "...

[]

Experimental results show that our method has permitted autonomous , stable and effective information integration to construct the internal model of hierarchical perceptual sounds .

{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "information integration", "start": 90, "end": 113 }, "tail": { "text": "method", "start": 35, "end": 41 } } ], "used for": [ { "head":...

[]

We directly investigate a subject of much recent debate : do word sense disambigation models help statistical machine translation quality ?

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "word sense disambigation models", "start": 61, "end": 92 }, "tail": { "text": "statistical machine translation quality", "start": 98, "end": 137 } } ] }...

[]

Using a state-of-the-art Chinese word sense disambiguation model to choose translation candidates for a typical IBM statistical MT system , we find that word sense disambiguation does not yield significantly better translation quality than the statistical machine translation system alone .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Chinese word sense disambiguation model", "start": 25, "end": 64 }, "tail": { "text": "translation candidates", "start": 75, "end": 97 } }, { "h...

[]

Image sequence processing techniques are used to study exchange , growth , and transport processes and to tackle key questions in environmental physics and biology .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Image sequence processing techniques", "start": 0, "end": 36 }, "tail": { "text": "exchange , growth , and transport processes", "start": 55, "end": 98 } } ...

[]

These applications require high accuracy for the estimation of the motion field since the most interesting parameters of the dynamical processes studied are contained in first-order derivatives of the motion field or in dynamical changes of the moving objects .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "accuracy", "start": 32, "end": 40 }, "tail": { "text": "estimation of the motion field", "start": 49, "end": 79 } } ], "used for": [ { ...

[]

A tensor method tuned with carefully optimized derivative filters yields reliable and dense displacement vector fields -LRB- DVF -RRB- with an accuracy of up to a few hundredth pixels/frame for real-world images .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "derivative filters", "start": 47, "end": 65 }, "tail": { "text": "tensor method", "start": 2, "end": 15 } }, { "head": { "text": "real...

[]

The accuracy of the tensor method is verified with computer-generated sequences and a calibrated image sequence .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "accuracy", "start": 4, "end": 12 }, "tail": { "text": "tensor method", "start": 20, "end": 33 } }, { "head": { "text": "computer-g...

[]

With the improvements in accuracy the motion estimation is now rather limited by imperfections in the CCD sensors , especially the spatial nonuni-formity in the responsivity .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "accuracy", "start": 25, "end": 33 }, "tail": { "text": "motion estimation", "start": 38, "end": 55 } } ], "used for": [ { "head": { ...

[]

The application of the techniques to the analysis of plant growth , to ocean surface microturbulence in IR image sequences , and to sediment transport is demonstrated .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "techniques", "start": 23, "end": 33 }, "tail": { "text": "analysis of plant growth", "start": 41, "end": 65 } }, { "head": { "text": "...

[]

We present a Czech-English statistical machine translation system which performs tree-to-tree translation of dependency structures .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "Czech-English statistical machine translation system", "start": 13, "end": 65 }, "tail": { "text": "tree-to-tree translation of dependency structures", "start": 81, "end": ...

[]

The only bilingual resource required is a sentence-aligned parallel corpus .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "sentence-aligned parallel corpus", "start": 42, "end": 74 }, "tail": { "text": "bilingual resource", "start": 9, "end": 27 } } ] } }

[]

We also refer to an evaluation method and plan to compare our system 's output with a benchmark system .

{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 62, "end": 68 }, "tail": { "text": "benchmark system", "start": 86, "end": 102 } } ] } }

[]

This paper describes the understanding process of the spatial descriptions in Japanese .

{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "Japanese", "start": 78, "end": 86 }, "tail": { "text": "spatial descriptions", "start": 54, "end": 74 } } ] } }

[]

To reconstruct the model , the authors extract the qualitative spatial constraints from the text , and represent them as the numerical constraints on the spatial attributes of the entities .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "spatial attributes of the entities", "start": 154, "end": 188 }, "tail": { "text": "numerical constraints", "start": 125, "end": 146 } } ] } }

[]

Such context information is therefore important to characterize the intrinsic representation of a video frame .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "context information", "start": 5, "end": 24 }, "tail": { "text": "intrinsic representation of a video frame", "start": 68, "end": 109 } } ] } }

[]

In this paper , we present a novel approach to learn the deep video representation by exploring both local and holistic contexts .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "approach", "start": 35, "end": 43 }, "tail": { "text": "deep video representation", "start": 57, "end": 82 } }, { "head": { "text": "l...

[]

Specifically , we propose a triplet sampling mechanism to encode the local temporal relationship of adjacent frames based on their deep representations .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "triplet sampling mechanism", "start": 28, "end": 54 }, "tail": { "text": "local temporal relationship of adjacent frames", "start": 69, "end": 115 } }, ...

[]

In addition , we incorporate the graph structure of the video , as a priori , to holistically preserve the inherent correlations among video frames .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "graph structure of the video", "start": 33, "end": 61 }, "tail": { "text": "priori", "start": 69, "end": 75 } } ] } }

[]

Our approach is fully unsupervised and trained in an end-to-end deep convolutional neu-ral network architecture .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "end-to-end deep convolutional neu-ral network architecture", "start": 53, "end": 111 }, "tail": { "text": "approach", "start": 4, "end": 12 } } ] } }

[]

By extensive experiments , we show that our learned representation can significantly boost several video recognition tasks -LRB- retrieval , classification , and highlight detection -RRB- over traditional video representations .

{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "learned representation", "start": 44, "end": 66 }, "tail": { "text": "video representations", "start": 205, "end": 226 } } ], "evaluate for": [ {...

[]

For mobile speech application , speaker DOA estimation accuracy , interference robustness and compact physical size are three key factors .

{ "relations": { "feature of": [ { "head": { "text": "speaker DOA estimation accuracy", "start": 32, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "mobile speech application", "start": 4, "end": 29 } }, { "head"...

[]

It is achieved by deriving the inter-sensor data ratio model of an AVS in bispectrum domain -LRB- BISDR -RRB- and exploring the favorable properties of bispectrum , such as zero value of Gaussian process and different distribution of speech and NSI .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "It", "start": 0, "end": 2 }, "tail": { "text": "favorable properties", "start": 128, "end": 148 } }, { "head": { "text": "inter-sensor...

[]

Specifically , a reliable bispectrum mask is generated to guarantee that the speaker DOA cues , derived from BISDR , are robust to NSI in terms of speech sparsity and large bispectrum amplitude of the captured signals .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "bispectrum mask", "start": 26, "end": 41 }, "tail": { "text": "speaker DOA cues", "start": 77, "end": 93 } }, { "head": { "text": "BIS...

[]

Intensive experiments demonstrate an improved performance of our proposed algorithm under various NSI conditions even when SIR is smaller than 0dB .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "algorithm", "start": 74, "end": 83 }, "tail": { "text": "NSI conditions", "start": 98, "end": 112 } } ] } }

[]

In this paper , we want to show how the morphological component of an existing NLP-system for Dutch -LRB- Dutch Medical Language Processor - DMLP -RRB- has been extended in order to produce output that is compatible with the language independent modules of the LSP-MLP system -LRB- Linguistic String Project - Medical La...

{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "morphological component", "start": 40, "end": 63 }, "tail": { "text": "NLP-system for Dutch -LRB- Dutch Medical Language Processor - DMLP -RRB-", "start": 79, "end": 151 ...

[]

The former can take advantage of the language independent developments of the latter , while focusing on idiosyncrasies for Dutch .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "latter", "start": 78, "end": 84 }, "tail": { "text": "former", "start": 4, "end": 10 } }, { "head": { "text": "Dutch", "star...

[]

This general strategy will be illustrated by a practical application , namely the highlighting of relevant information in a patient discharge summary -LRB- PDS -RRB- by means of modern HyperText Mark-Up Language -LRB- HTML -RRB- technology .

{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "relevant information", "start": 98, "end": 118 }, "tail": { "text": "patient discharge summary -LRB- PDS -RRB-", "start": 124, "end": 165 } } ], "used ...

[]

Such an application can be of use for medical administrative purposes in a hospital environment .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "application", "start": 8, "end": 19 }, "tail": { "text": "medical administrative purposes", "start": 38, "end": 69 } } ] } }

[]

CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service includes a capability that labels sentences in student writing with essay-based discourse elements -LRB- e.g. , thesis statements -RRB- .

{ "relations": { "part of": [ { "head": { "text": "essay-based discourse elements", "start": 112, "end": 142 }, "tail": { "text": "CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service", "start": 0, "end": 43 } } ], ...

[]

We describe a new system that enhances Criterion 's capability , by evaluating multiple aspects of coherence in essays .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 18, "end": 24 }, "tail": { "text": "Criterion 's capability", "start": 39, "end": 62 } } ], "evaluate for": [ { "head"...

[]

This system identifies features of sentences based on semantic similarity measures and discourse structure .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 5, "end": 11 }, "tail": { "text": "features", "start": 23, "end": 31 } }, { "head": { "text": "semantic similarity m...

[]

A support vector machine uses these features to capture breakdowns in coherence due to relatedness to the essay question and relatedness between discourse elements .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "features", "start": 36, "end": 44 }, "tail": { "text": "support vector machine", "start": 2, "end": 24 } }, { "head": { "text": "featu...

[]

Intra-sentential quality is evaluated with rule-based heuristics .

{ "relations": { "evaluate for": [ { "head": { "text": "rule-based heuristics", "start": 43, "end": 64 }, "tail": { "text": "Intra-sentential quality", "start": 0, "end": 24 } } ] } }

[]

Results indicate that the system yields higher performance than a baseline on all three aspects .

{ "relations": { "compare": [ { "head": { "text": "system", "start": 26, "end": 32 }, "tail": { "text": "baseline", "start": 66, "end": 74 } } ] } }

[]

This paper presents an algorithm for labeling curvilinear structure at multiple scales in line drawings and edge images Symbolic CURVE-ELEMENT tokens residing in a spatially-indexed and scale-indexed data structure denote circular arcs fit to image data .

{ "relations": { "used for": [ { "head": { "text": "algorithm", "start": 23, "end": 32 }, "tail": { "text": "labeling curvilinear structure", "start": 37, "end": 67 } } ], "feature of": [ { ...

[]